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Yu Z, Zhu Z, Zhang Y, Li X, Liu X, Qin Y, Zheng Z, Zhang L, He H. Biodegradable and flame-retardant cellulose-based wearable triboelectric nanogenerator for mechanical energy harvesting in firefighting clothing. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 334:122040. [PMID: 38553237 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
Integrating flexible triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) into firefighting clothing offers exciting opportunities for wearable portable electronics in personal protective technology. However, it is still a grand challenge to produce eco-friendly TENGs from biodegradable and low-cost natural polymers for mechanical-energy harvesting and self-powered sensing. Herein, conductive polypyrrole (PPy) and natural chitosan (CS)/phytic acid (PA) tribonegative materials were employed onto the Lycra fabric (LC) in turn to assemble the biodegradable and flame-retardant single-electrode mode LC/PPy/CS/PA TENG (abbreviated as LPCP-TENG). The resultant LPCP-TENG exhibits truly wearable breathability (1378.6 mm/s), elasticity (breaking elongation 291 %), and shape adaptivity performance that can produce an open circuit voltage of 0.3 V with 2 N contact pressure at a working frequency of 5 Hz with a limiting oxygen index of 35.2 %. Furthermore, facile monitoring for human motion of firefighters on fireground is verified by LPCP-TENG when used as self-powered flexible tactile sensor. In addition, degradation experiments have shown that waste LPCP-TENG can be fully degraded in soil within 120 days. This work broadens the applicational range of wearable TENG to reduce the environmental effects of abandoned TENG, exhibiting prosperous applications prospects in the field of wearable power source and self-powered motion detection sensor for personal protection application on fireground.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicai Yu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of New Environmental Protection Composite Fabric, Xiangyang 441000, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yingzi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xiaoqian Li
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Xin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Yi Qin
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China
| | - Zhenrong Zheng
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Lianyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China
| | - Hualing He
- State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Hubei Key Laboratory of Biomass Fibers and Eco-dyeing & Finishing, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, China; Key Laboratory of Clean Dyeing and Finishing Technology of Zhejiang Province, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing 312000, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of New Environmental Protection Composite Fabric, Xiangyang 441000, China.
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Okeke ES, Ezeorba TPC, Chen Y, Mao G, Feng W, Wu X. Association of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) with micro/nano-plastics: A review of recent findings on ecotoxicological and health impacts. Sci Total Environ 2024; 927:172308. [PMID: 38599396 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Despite the diverse research into the environmental impact of plastics, several stones have yet to be unraveled in terms of their ecotoxicological potential. Moreover, their detrimental impacts have become terrifying in recent years as the understanding of their tendency to associate and form cohorts with other emerging contaminants grew. Despite the hypothesis that microplastics may potentially adsorb organic pollutants, sequestering and making them not bioavailable for enhanced toxicity, evidence with pollutants such as Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) defers this assertion. TBBPA, one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants, has been enlisted as an emerging contaminant of serious environmental and human health concerns. Being also an additive to plasticware, it is not far to suspect that TBBPA could be found in association with micro/nanoplastics in our environment. Several pieces of evidence from recent studies have confirmed the micro/nanoplastics-TBBPA association and have exposed their compounded detrimental impacts on the environment and human health. This study, therefore, presents a comprehensive and up-to-date review of recent findings regarding their occurrence, factors that foster their association, including their sorption kinetics and isotherms, and their impacts on aquatic/agroecosystem and human health. The way forward and prospects for future studies were presented. This research is believed to be of significant interest to the readership due to its relevance to current environmental challenges posed by plastics and TBBPA. The study not only contributes valuable insights into the specific interaction between micro/nanoplastics and TBBPA but also suggests the way forward and prospects for future studies in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State 410001, Nigeria; Department of Environmental Health and Risk Management, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Yao Chen
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guanghua Mao
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weiwei Feng
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Xiangyang Wu
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Emergency Management, School of the Environment and Safety, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Rd., 212013 Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China.
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Yu F, Zhang B, Liu Y, Luo W, Chen H, Gao J, Ye X, Li J, Xie Q, Peng T, Wang H, Huang T, Hu Z. Biotransformation of HBCDs by the microbial communities enriched from mangrove sediments. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:134036. [PMID: 38493623 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
1,2,5,6,9,10-Hexabromocyclododecanes (HBCDs) are a sort of persistent organic pollutants (POPs). This research investigated 12 microbial communities enriched from sediments of four mangroves in China to transform HBCDs. Six microbial communities gained high transformation rates (27.5-97.7%) after 12 generations of serial transfer. Bacteria were the main contributors to transform HBCDs rather than fungi. Analyses on the bacterial compositions and binning genomes showed that Alcanivorax (55.246-84.942%) harboring haloalkane dehalogenase genes dadAH and dadBH dominated the microbial communities with high transformation rates. Moreover, expressions of dadAH and dadBH in the microbial communities and Alcanivorax isolate could be induced by HBCDs. Further, it was found that purified proteins DadAH and DadBH showed high conversion rates on HBCDs in 36 h (91.9 ± 7.4 and 101.0 ± 1.8%, respectively). The engineered Escherichia coli BL21 strains harbored two genes could convert 5.7 ± 0.4 and 35.1 ± 0.1% HBCDs, respectively, lower than their cell-free crude extracts (61.2 ± 5.2 and 56.5 ± 8.7%, respectively). The diastereoisomer-specific transforming trend by both microbial communities and enzymes were γ- > α- > β-HBCD, differed from α- > β- > γ-HBCD by the Alcanivorax isolate. The identified transformation products indicated that HBCDs were dehalogenated via HBr elimination (dehydrobromination), hydrolytic and reductive debromination pathways in the enriched cultures. Two enzymes converted HBCDs via hydrolytic debromination. The present research provided theoretical bases for the biotransformation of HBCDs by microbial community and the bioremediation of HBCDs contamination in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Yu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yongjin Liu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Wenqi Luo
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Haonan Chen
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun'na Gao
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xueying Ye
- School of Life Sciences, Huizhou University, Huizhou 516007, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jin Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Disaster Prediction and Prevention, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Qingyi Xie
- Institute of Tropical Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences, Haikou 571101, China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Tongwang Huang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhong Hu
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, Guangdong Province, China.
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Cheng X, Lu Q, Lin N, Mao D, Yin S, Gao Y, Tian Y. Prenatal exposure to a mixture of organophosphate flame retardants and infant neurodevelopment: A prospective cohort study in Shandong, China. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2024; 258:114336. [PMID: 38460461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2024.114336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies have suggested that prenatal exposure to organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) may have adverse effect on early neurodevelopment, but limited data are available in China, and the overall effects of OPFRs mixture are still unclear. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to OPFR metabolites mixture and the neurodevelopment of 1-year-old infants. METHODS A total of 270 mother-infant pairs were recruited from the Laizhou Wan (Bay) Birth Cohort in China. Ten OPFR metabolites were measured in maternal urine. Neurodevelopment of 1-year-old infants was assessed using the Gesell Developmental Schedules (GDS) and presented by the developmental quotient (DQ) score. Multivariate linear regression and weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were conducted to estimate the association of prenatal exposure to seven individual OPFR metabolites and their mixture with infant neurodevelopment. RESULTS The positive rates of seven OPFR metabolites in the urine of pregnant women were greater than 70% with the median concentration ranged within 0.13-3.53 μg/g creatinine. The multivariate linear regression model showed significant negative associations between bis (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BCIPP), din-butyl phosphate (DnBP), and total OPFR metabolites exposure and neurodevelopment in all infants. Results from the WQS model consistently revealed that the OPFR metabolites mixture was inversely associated with infant neurodevelopment. Each quartile increased in the seven OPFR metabolites mixture was associated with a 1.59 decrease (95% CI: 2.96, -0.21) in gross motor DQ scores, a 1.41 decrease (95% CI: 2.38, -0.43) in adaptive DQ scores, and a 1.08 decrease (95% CI: 2.15, -0.02) in social DQ scores, among which BCIPP, bis (1, 3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (BDCIPP) and DnBP were the main contributors. CONCLUSION Prenatal exposure to a mixture of OPFRs was negatively associated with early infant neurodevelopment, particularly in gross motor, adaptive, and social domains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaomeng Cheng
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Qi Lu
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Nan Lin
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dandan Mao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Shengju Yin
- Ministry of Education-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China.
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China; MOE-Shanghai Key Laboratory of Children's Environmental Health, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200092, China.
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Chen S, Liang F, Jin L, Ji C, Xu N, Qian K, Guo W. A molecularly engineered fully bio-derived phosphorylated furan-based flame retardant for biomass-based fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:129836. [PMID: 38307435 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
With the increasing awareness of environmental protection, the demand for eco-friendly bio-derived flame-retardant for textiles has received increasing attention. In this work, a fully bio-derived phosphorylated furan-based flame retardant (FAP) was synthesized by the Schiff reaction of furan-based compounds (furfural and furfurylamine). To evaluate the application scope and flame retardant efficiency of FAP, cotton fabrics and PLA nonwovens were selected as biomass-based representatives of natural fiber materials and synthetic fiber materials, respectively. Significantly, based on the composition of furan ring, phosphorus and nitrogen containing components of FAP, excellent charring and flame retardant properties of coated cotton fabrics and PLA nonwovens can be expected. TGA results showed that the residual char of C-FAP-3 and P-FAP-3 were 39.7% (increased by 267.6%) and 16.7% (increased by 215.1%), respectively, higher than those of control cotton (10.8%) and PLA nonwoven (5.3%). Cone test results exhibited that the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) values of C-FAP-3 were sharply decreased by 69.4% and 37.8%, respectively. P-FAP-3 also displayed a significant reduction in PHRR, implying high flame retardancy of C-FAP-3 and P-FAP-3. Notably, through the weight gains of FAP coating on cotton and PLA as well as the final LOI and VBT results of the flame retardant treated fabrics, it can be preliminarily inferred that control cotton fabrics are more likely to achieve better flame retardant effects than PLA. Additionally, the facile synthetic strategy of fully bio-derived flame retardants is expected to promote the development of green flame retardant strategies for high-performance textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Fuwei Liang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Liping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Chenpeng Ji
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Nan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Kun Qian
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Wenwen Guo
- Key Laboratory of Eco-textiles, Ministry of Education, College of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Suparanon T, Klinjan S, Phusunti N, Phetwarotai W. Highly impact toughened and excellent flame-retardant polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) blend foams with phosphorus-containing and food waste-derived flame retardants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130147. [PMID: 38354942 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Green polymeric foams are an important research topic for sustainable development. In this study, a natural multifunctional flame-retardant additive based on food waste was developed and evaluated for its ability to replace the commercial additives tricresyl phosphate (TCP) and trioctyl phosphate (TOP) in a polylactide/poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PLA/PBAT) foam. A series of blend foams with additives were prepared by melt extrusion. According to the results, the blend foam with 20 phr of TCP showed the best combination of impact toughness and flame retardancy. TCP, however, poses health and environmental risks. Therefore, natural flame retardants (NFRs) were used to partially replace the commercial flame retardant (CFR). A combination of TCP and soybean residue (SB) produced an impact toughened and flame-retardant blend foam. When compared to the neat PLA/PBAT foam, the impact toughness of the best sample was increased by about 256 %. The optimal foam showed excellent flame resistance with a V-0 UL-94 rating and a high LOI value (31.8 %). SB has the potential to partially replace TCP as flame retardant and could be used in a broad range of PLA/PBAT foam applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tunsuda Suparanon
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Siriwan Klinjan
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Neeranuch Phusunti
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
| | - Worasak Phetwarotai
- Division of Physical Science, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand; Energy and Materials for Sustainability (EMS) Laboratory, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hatyai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand.
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Costopoulou D, Kalantzi OI, Leondiadis L. The 10th international symposium on flame retardants (BFR2022), Athens, Greece. Chemosphere 2024; 353:141407. [PMID: 38367879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Danae Costopoulou
- Mass Spectrometry and Dioxin Analysis Laboratory, INRASTES, NCSR Demokritos, Neapoleos 27, 15310 Athens, Greece
| | | | - Leondios Leondiadis
- Mass Spectrometry and Dioxin Analysis Laboratory, INRASTES, NCSR Demokritos, Neapoleos 27, 15310 Athens, Greece.
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Song X, Lv HB, Shi MM, Shao ZB, Wang YZ. Calcium gluconate-based flame retardant towards simultaneously high-efficiency fire safety and mechanical enhancement for epoxy resin. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130409. [PMID: 38417750 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Flame retardants containing biomass receive growing interest in environmental friendliness and sustainability but usually face the low flame-retardant efficiency and deterioration on mechanical property of matrix. Herein, a calcium gluconate-based flame retardant (CG@APP) was chemically prepared using calcium gluconate (CG) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via ion exchange reaction, and enabled the excellent fire safety and mechanical enhancement for epoxy resin (EP). The resulted EP composites containing 6 wt% CG@APP (EP/CG@APP6) exhibited V-0 ratings in UL-94 test. Furthermore, with respect to EP/APP6, the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) and peak of smoke production rate (pSPR) of EP/CG@APP6 decreased by 70.5 % and 50.0 %, respectively. The well synergistic flame-retardant mechanism of CG@APP between gaseous and solid phases was revealed to generate denser and more continuous charring residuals, which could do well work on insulation for heat transfer and fuel diffusion. In addition, the shell rich in hydroxyl group and Ca2+ on the surface of CG@APP well enhanced the interface compatibility through the hydrogen bond and coordinated bond, thus the tensile strength, flexural strength and impact strength of EP/CG@APP6 increased by 18.2 %, 4.5 % and 9.1 % compared with pure EP, respectively. This work provided a simple and sustainable way to construct excellent fire-safety composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Song
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hong-Bin Lv
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Miao-Miao Shi
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhu-Bao Shao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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Akpojevwe Abafe O, Harrad S, Abou-Elwafa Abdallah M. Assessment of human dermal absorption of flame retardant additives in polyethylene and polypropylene microplastics using 3D human skin equivalent models. Environ Int 2024; 186:108635. [PMID: 38631261 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
To overcome ethical and technical challenges impeding the study of human dermal uptake of chemical additives present in microplastics (MPs), we employed 3D human skin equivalent (3D-HSE) models to provide first insights into the dermal bioavailability of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDEs) present in MPs; and evaluated different factors influencing human percutaneous absorption of PBDEs under real-life exposure scenario. PBDEs were bioavailable to varying degrees (up to 8 % of the exposure dose) and percutaneous permeation was evident, albeit at low levels (≤0.1 % of the exposure dose). While the polymer type influenced the release of PBDEs from the studied MPs to the skin, the polymer type was less important in driving the percutaneous absorption of PBDEs. The absorbed fraction of PBDEs was strongly correlated (r2 = 0.88) with their water solubility, while the dermal permeation coefficient Papp of PBDEs showed strong association with their molecular weight and logKOW. More sweaty skin resulted in higher bioavailability of PBDEs from dermal contact with MPs than dry skin. Overall, percutaneous absorption of PBDEs upon skin contact with MPs was evident, highlighting, for the first time, the potential significance of the dermal pathway as an important route of human exposure to toxic additive chemicals in MPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ovokeroye Akpojevwe Abafe
- Division of Environmental Sciences, College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, United Kingdom; School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
| | - Stuart Harrad
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Abou-Elwafa Abdallah
- School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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10
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Dong X, Dai GW, Xie L, Li DL, Sun Z, Liu S. Heat-triggered shape recovery, EMI shielding and flame retardant: A novel cellulose/M(OH)(OCH 3)@dopamine@Ag (M=Co, Ni) nanopaper for early fire alarm. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130270. [PMID: 38423423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Fire alarm systems are essential for protecting lives and properties from fire hazards. However, most of the existing fire alarm nanopapers rely on the resistance reduction after heating, which requires direct contact with the flame. In this study, we present a novel fire alarm nanopaper (CMPA) based on heat-triggered shape recovery. The CMPA is composed of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) as the matrix and 2D nanomaterials M(OH)(OCH3) as fillers. When the temperature of CMPA exceeded the glass transition, the thrice-folded CMPA-1.0 flattened in 30s and connected to the alarm circuit based on its conductive surface. According to the results, the CMPA-1.0 with a thickness of about 0.2 mm had an efficient electromagnetic shielding of 42.1 dB. Moreover, the CMPA-1.0 self-extinguished rapidly after being ignited with its original shape preserved. The peak heat release rate of CMPA-1.0 was 108.9 W/g, which was 61.9 % lower than that of HPMC. Furthermore, the thermal conductivity of CMPA-1.0 reached to 0.317 W m-1 K-1, which was 40.8 % higher than that of HPMC, reducing the heat accumulation effectively. This work shows that CMPA is an ideal material for sensitive and safe early fire alarm, and the strategy based on heat-triggered shape recovery is promising in fire alarm application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Dong
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China.
| | - Guo-Wei Dai
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Le Xie
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - De-Long Li
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Zhiyu Sun
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
| | - Song Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, Anhui 232001, China
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11
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Li M, Li X, Xu K, Qin A, Yan C, Xu Y, Shan D, Wang J, Xu M, Li X, Li B, Liu L. Construction and mechanism analysis of flame-retardant, energy-storage and transparent bio-based composites based on natural cellulose template. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130317. [PMID: 38387629 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
With the proposal of sustainable development strategy, bio-based energy storage transparent wood (TW) has shown broad application value in green buildings, cold chain transportation, and optoelectronic device fields. However, its application in most fields is limited due to its own flammability. In this study, epoxy resin, triethyl phosphate (TEP) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were introduced into delignified balsa wood template by vacuum pressure impregnation, and bio-based TW/PEG/TEP integrating flame retardant, high strength and phase-change energy-storage performance was prepared. TW/PEG composites have no leakage during phase change process and their transparency is up to 95 %. Compared with TW/PEG, the shielding effect of char layer and the inhibition effect in condensed and gas phase significantly decrease the total heat release of TW/PEG/TEP. TW/PEG/TEP biocomposites still maintained a high enthalpy of phase change and a low peak melting temperature, which was conducive to its application around the area of low temperature phase change energy storage. In addition, the tensile strength of TW/PEG/TEP was nearly 4 times higher than that of DW, and its toughness was obviously enhanced. TW/PEG/TEP biocomposites conformed to the current concept of energy-saving and green development. It has the potential to replace traditional petrochemical-based materials and shows excellent application prospects in emerging fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mixue Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xu Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Kai Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ao Qin
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chentao Yan
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yue Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Depeng Shan
- State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Company Limited, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jinlong Wang
- State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Company Limited, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Miaojun Xu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Xiaoli Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Bin Li
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Lubin Liu
- Heilongjiang Key Laboratory of Molecular Design and Preparation of Flame Retarded Materials, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Resource Utilization, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Plant Ecology, Ministry of Education, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
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12
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Yu X, He L, Zhang X, Bao G, Zhang R, Jin X, Qin D. Eco-friendly flame-retardant bamboo fiber/polypropylene composite based on the immobilization of halloysite nanotubes by tannic acid-Fe 3+ complex. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130894. [PMID: 38490388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Bamboo fibers (BF), as an important sustainable natural material, are becoming a hot alternative to synthetic fibers for the reinforcement of polypropylene (PP)-based composites. However, the weak interfacial compatibility between BF and PP as matrix and their inherent flammability limit the practical application of BF/PP composites (BPC). Here, a fire-safe BPC was fabricated by constructing flame-retardant interfacial layers containing tannic acid (TA)-Fe3+ complex and halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) on the fiber matrix followed by a hot-pressing process. The results showed that the interfacial chelating of TA with Fe3+ improved the dispersion of HNTs on the fibers and the interfacial interactions within the fiber matrix, resulting in the as-fabricated composite with significantly improved mechanical properties and water resistance. In addition, the flame-retardant composite exhibited higher thermal stability and enhanced residual char content. Moreover, the composite possessed significant flame-retardant performances with a reduction of 23.75 % in the total heat release and 32.44 % in the total smoke production, respectively, owing to the flame retarding in gaseous phase and condensed phase of TA-Fe3+@HNTs layers. This work offers a green and eco-friendly strategy to address the inherent problems of BPC material in terms of fire safety and interfacial compatibility, thus broadening their applications in the automotive interior and construction industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration / Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Lu He
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration / Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhang
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration / Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Gege Bao
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration / Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration / Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaobei Jin
- Institute of New Bamboo and Rattan Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; Key Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration / Beijing for Bamboo & Rattan Science and Technology, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Daochun Qin
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya 572022, China
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13
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Bo L, Hua G, Xian J, Zeinali Heris S, Erfani Farsi Eidgah E, Ghafurian MM, Orooji Y. Recent remediation strategies for flame retardancy via nanoparticles. Chemosphere 2024; 354:141323. [PMID: 38311040 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This review article delves into the application of nanoparticles (NPs) in fire prevention, aiming to elucidate their specific contribution within the broader context of various fire prevention methods. While acknowledging established approaches such as fire safety principles, fire suppression systems, fire alarm systems, and the use of fire-retardant chemicals and safety equipment, this review focuses on the distinctive properties of NPs. The findings underscore the remarkable potential of NPs in controlling and mitigating fire propagation within both architectural structures and vehicles. Specifically, the primary emphasis lies in the impact of NPs on reducing oxygen levels, as assessed through the limiting oxygen index , a subject explored by various researchers. Furthermore, this review delves into the examination of combustion reduction rates facilitated by NPs, utilizing assessments of ignition time, heat release rate (HRR), and flammability tests (UL-94) on plastic materials. Beyond these aspects, the review evaluates the multifaceted role of NPs in achieving weight reduction and establishing fire-retardant properties. Additionally, it discusses the reduction of smoke, a significant contributor to environmental pollution and health risks. Among the nanoparticles investigated in this study, SiO2, MgAl, and nano hydrotalcite have demonstrated the best results in weight reduction, smoke reduction, and HRR, respectively. Meanwhile, Al2O3 has been identified as one of the least effective treated nanoparticles. Collectively, these findings significantly contribute to improving safety measures and reducing fire risks across a range of industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liu Bo
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Gong Hua
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Ji Xian
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, China
| | - Saeed Zeinali Heris
- School of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, No. 58 Yanta Road, Xi'an, China; Faculty of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Mohammad Mustafa Ghafurian
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad 9177948974, Iran; Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yasin Orooji
- College of Geography and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, China.
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14
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Zhang Z, Huo S, Yu L, Ye G, Wang C, Zhang Q, Liu Z. A generalizable reactive blending strategy to construct flame-retardant, mechanically-strong and toughened poly(L-lactic acid) bioplastics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130806. [PMID: 38484810 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Poly(L-lactic acid) (PLA) is an environmentally-friendly bioplastic with high mechanical strength, but suffers from inherent flammability and poor toughness. Many tougheners have been reported for PLA, but their synthesis usually involves organic solvents, and they tend to dramatically reduce the mechanical strength and cannot settle the flammability matter. Herein, we develop strong, tough, and flame-retardant PLA composites by reactive blending PLA, 6-((double (2-hydroxyethyl) amino) methyl) dibenzo [c, e] [1,2] oxyphosphate acid 6-oxide (DHDP) and diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and define it PLA/xGH, where x indicates that the molar ratio of -NCO group in MDI to -OH group in PLA and DHDP is 1.0x: 1. This fabrication requires no solvents. PLA/2GH with a -NCO/-OH molar ratio of 1.02: 1 maintains high tensile strength of 63.0 MPa and achieves a 23.4 % increase in impact strength compared to PLA due to the incorporation of rigid polyurethane chain segment. The vertical combustion (UL-94) classification and limiting oxygen index (LOI) of PLA/2GH reaches V-0 and 29.8 %, respectively, because DHDP and MDI function in gas and condensed phases. This study displays a generalizable strategy to create flame-retardant bioplastics with great mechanical performances by the in-situ formation of P/N-containing polyurethane segment within PLA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zimeng Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Siqi Huo
- Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield 4300, Australia; School of Engineering, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield Central 4300, Australia.
| | - Lingfeng Yu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Guofeng Ye
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
| | - Zhitian Liu
- Hubei Engineering Technology Research Center of Optoelectronic and New Energy Materials, School of Materials Science & Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
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15
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Yan M, Pang Y, Shao W, Ma C, Zheng W. Utilization of spent coffee grounds as charring agent to prepare flame retardant poly(lactic acid) composites with improved toughness. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130534. [PMID: 38432276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
The objective was to utilize spent coffee grounds (SCG) as charring agent to combine with ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to prepare flame retardant poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites with improved toughness. PLA/APP-SCG and PLA/APP-SCG/KH560 composites were prepared, and silane coupling agent KH560 was applied to improve particle-matrix interfacial compatibility. The particle-matrix interface, char formation, flame retardancy, mechanical properties and fracture morphology of PLA composites were studied. Results showed that PLA/APP-SCG5% and PLA/APP-SCG20% passed UL-94 V-0 rating, and increase in charred residues was favorable for improving flame retardancy. Improved toughness was also obtained compared to PLA, attributed to debonding of APP from matrix under external force as well as plasticization effect of coffee oil contained in SCG. PLA/APP-SCG5%/KH560 and PLA/APP-SCG20%/KH560 showed smaller elongation at break and impact strength compared to PLA/APP-SCG5% and PLA/APP-SCG20%, respectively. The improved interfacial compatibility was unfavorable for debonding of APP from matrix, and both APP and SCG played the role of enhancing strength, thus decreasing toughness. PLA/APP-SCG/KH560 counterparts were actually set as parallel samples to prove that PLA/APP-SCG composites showed improved toughness with weak interfacial compatibility. This study has provided a practical approach to utilize bio-derived wastes as charring agent to prepare flame retardant PLA composites with enhanced toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yongyan Pang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Weiwei Shao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning Province, China; Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Chi Ma
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang University of Chemical Technology, Shenyang 110142, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wenge Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-based Polymeric Materials Technology and Application of Zhejiang Province, Laboratory of Polymers and Composites, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315201, Zhejiang Province, China
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16
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Li S, Cui B, Jia X, Wang W, Cui Y, Ding J, Yang C, Fang Y, Song Y, Zhang X. Cellulose-based light-management film exhibiting flame-retardant and thermal-healing properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130447. [PMID: 38458280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
The increased use and expansion of biomass applications offer a viable approach to diminish reliance on petroleum-derived resources and promote carbon neutrality. Cellulose, being the most abundant natural polymer on Earth, has garnered considerable attention. This study introduces a straightforward method to fabricate a cellulose-based multifunctional composite film designed for efficient light management, specifically featuring flame retardant and thermal-healing capabilities. The film incorporates a microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) matrix with functional components, namely benzoxazine resin (BR) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate phosphate (HEMAP). Utilizing dynamic covalent crosslinking, the composite films exhibit satisfactory self-healing properties. The combined effects of BR and HEMAP contribute to the effective flame retardancy of the composite film. Furthermore, the resulting film shields ultraviolet and blue light, offering comfortable interior lighting by mitigating harsh light and extending light propagation. The film also demonstrates favorable water resistance and high tensile strength. The exceptional multifunctional properties, coupled with its safety and extended service life, position it as a potential optical management film for smart building materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Boyu Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xue Jia
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Weihong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yutong Cui
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Jiayan Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Chunmao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yiqun Fang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yongming Song
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xianquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Material Science and Technology (Ministry of Education), Material Science and Engineering College, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
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17
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Liu L, Wang Y, Cheng C, Lyu S, Zhu Z. Preparation of phosphorus-doped chitosan derivative and its applications in polylactic acid: Crystallization, flame retardancy, anti-dripping and mechanical properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130648. [PMID: 38460640 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
The topic of biobased flame-retardant PLA has always been of great interest. In our study, we successfully synthesized a phosphorus-containing chitosan derivative (PCS) and combined it with aluminum hypophosphate (AP) to create an effective flame-retardant PLA system. PCS acted as an enhancer, enhancing the thermal performance, crystallinity, and toughness of PLA/AP. Compared to PLA modified with 12 wt% AP achieving UL-94 V-2 level and 24.3 % of limited oxygen index, PLA containing 3 wt% PCS and 9 wt% AP achieved UL-94 V-0 level and limited oxygen index of 28 %. The system testing studies such as CCT, Raman, XPS, and TG-IR results indicated that PLA/AP/PCS exhibited a dual flame-retardant mechanism of condensed and gas phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liyan Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Yadong Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China
| | - Chunzu Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-based Fiber Manufacturing Technology, China Textile Academy, Beijing 100025, China
| | - Shisheng Lyu
- College of Art and Design, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430073, China.
| | - Zongmin Zhu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of New Textile Materials and Advanced Processing Technologies, Wuhan Textile University, Wuhan 430200, PR China.
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18
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Xue Y, Zhang T, Tian L, Feng J, Song F, Pan Z, Huang G, Zhang M, Zhou Y, Song P. How the chemical structure of phosphoramides affect the fire retardancy and mechanical properties of polylactide? Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130790. [PMID: 38484818 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Phosphoramides, as a kind of high-efficient fire retardants, have been designed in many structures and endowed exceptional fire retardancy to polylactide (PLA). However, due to ignorance of the structure-property correlation, the effect of phosphoramides' structure on the fire retardancy and mechanical properties of PLA is still unclear. Herein, a series of biobased phosphoramides (phosphoramide (V1), linear polyphosphoramide (V2) and hyperbranched polyphosphamide (V3)) were designed and incorporated into PLA, and the structural effect of phosphoramides on the fire-retardant and mechanical properties of PLA was deeply researched. Among three kinds of phosphoramides, the hyperbranched polyphosphoramide is more effective than the corresponding linear polyphosphoramide and phosphoramide in improving the fire-retardant and anti-dripping properties of PLA, and only linear polyphosphoramide shows a positive effect in the mechanical strength of PLA. This work provides a feasible strategy for creating mechanically robust and fire-retardant polymer composites by molecularly tailoring the structure of fire retardants and uncovering their structure-property relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiao Xue
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Tianchen Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Linfeng Tian
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Jiabing Feng
- China-Australia Institute for Advanced Materials and Manufacturing, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing 314001, China
| | - Fei Song
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Zheng Pan
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Guobo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical and Materials Engineering, Taizhou University, Taizhou 318000, China
| | - Meng Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing 210042, China.
| | - Yonghong Zhou
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry (CAF), Nanjing 210042, China
| | - Pingan Song
- School of Agriculture and Environmental Science, Toowoomba, Qld 4300, Australia; Centre for Future Materials, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Qld 4300, Australia.
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Liu Y, Zhao X, Liu Z, Sun B, Liu X, Zhao R, Liu B, Sun Z, Men Y, Hu W, Shao ZB. Functionalized lignin nanoparticles assembled with MXene reinforced polypropylene with favorable UV-aging resistance, electromagnetic shielding effects and superior fire-safety. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130957. [PMID: 38499121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Deterioration in mechanical performances and aging resistance due to the introduction of flame retardants is a major obstacle for bio-based fire-safety polypropylene (PP). Herein, we reported a kind of functionalized lignin nanoparticles assembled with MXene (MX@LNP), and applied it to construct the flame-retardant PP composites (PP-MA) with superior fire safety, excellent mechanical performance, electromagnetic shielding effects and aging resistance. Specifically, the PP-MA doped with only 18 wt% flame-retardant additives (PP-MA18) achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating. In comparison to pure PP, PP-MA18 presented a greatly decreased peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat rate (THR), and peak smoke production rate (pSPR) by 79.7 %, 69.0 % and 75.8 %, respectively, and satisfactory decrease in total flammable and toxic volatiles evolved. The formed fine solid microstructure of carbon residuals effectively promoted the compactness of char layers. More importantly, the nano-effect and the strong interface interaction between the complexed MX@LNP and PP enhanced the tensile strength (45.78 MPa) and elongation at break (725.95 %) of PP-MA. Additionally, the significant ultraviolet absorption and electromagnetic wave dissipation performance of MXene and lignin enabled excellent aging resistance and electromagnetic shielding effects of PP-MA compared with PP. This achieved MX@LNP afforded a novel approach for developing flame retardant materials with excellent application performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Zechi Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Benhui Sun
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Changyuan Electronics (Dongguan) Co., Ltd., Baopi Industrial District, Fumin Industrial Park 2# Dalang, Dongguan 523770, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Baijun Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China.
| | - Zhu-Bao Shao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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20
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Yin W, Xu R, Zou J, Wang Y, Zhang Y. Single and combined association between brominated flame retardants and cardiovascular disease: a large-scale cross-sectional study. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1357052. [PMID: 38596517 PMCID: PMC11002127 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1357052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction The single and combined association between brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) has remained unelucidated. This research aimed at exploring the associations between mixture of BFRs and CVD. Methods This research encompassed adult participants from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 2005-2016. The weighted quantile sum (WQS) model and quantile g-computation (QGC) model were applied to examine the combined effects of BFRs mixture on CVD. Results In this research, overall 7,032 individuals were included. In comparison with the lowest quartile, the highest quartile of PBB153 showed a positive association with CVD, with odds ratio (OR) values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 19.2 (10.9, 34.0). Furthermore, the acquired data indicated that PBB153 (OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.49), PBB99 (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.58), and PBB154 (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.02, 1.63) were linked to congestive heart failure. PBB153 was also related to coronary heart disease (OR: 1.29; 95% CI: 1.06, 1.56). Additionally, a positive correlation between the BFRs mixture and CVD (positive model: OR: 1.23; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.47) was observed in the weighted quantile sum (WQS) model and the quantile g-computation (QGC) model. Discussion Therefore, exposure to BFRs has been observed to heighten the risk of cardiovascular disease in US adults, particularly in the case of PBB153. Further investigation is warranted through a large-scale cohort study to validate and strengthen these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Yin
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Rui Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Jiyu Zou
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yaqin Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, China
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21
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Yang L, Zhang T, Gao Y, Li D, Cui R, Gu C, Wang L, Sun H. Quantitative identification of the co-exposure effects of e-waste pollutants on human oxidative stress by explainable machine learning. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133560. [PMID: 38246054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Global electronic waste (e-waste) generation continues to grow. The various pollutants released during precarious e-waste disposal activities can contribute to human oxidative stress. This study encompassed 129 individuals residing near e-waste dismantling sites in China, with elevated urinary concentrations of e-waste-related pollutants including heavy metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs), bisphenols (BPs), and phthalate esters (PAEs). Utilizing an explainable machine learning framework, the study quantified the co-exposure effects of these pollutants, finding that approximately 23% and 18% of the variance in oxidative DNA damage and lipid peroxidation, respectively, was attributable to these substances. Heavy metals emerged as the most critical factor in inducing oxidative stress, followed by PAHs and PAEs for oxidative DNA damage, and BPs, OPFRs, and PAEs for lipid peroxidation. The interactions between different pollutant classes were found to be weak, attributable to their disparate biological pathways. In contrast, the interactions among congeneric pollutants were strong, stemming from their shared pathways and resultant synergistic or additive effects on oxidative stress. An intelligent analysis system for e-waste pollutants was also developed, which enables more efficient processing of large-scale and dynamic datasets in evolving environments. This study offered an enticing peek into the intricacies of co-exposure effect of e-waste pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luhan Yang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China.
| | - Yanxia Gao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Dairui Li
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Rui Cui
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Cheng Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lei Wang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Hongwen Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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22
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Xu Y, Yang L, Li J, Li N, Hu L, Zuo R, Jin S. Determination of the binding affinities of OPEs to integrin α vβ 3 and elucidation of the underlying mechanisms via a competitive binding assay, pharmacophore modeling, molecular docking and QSAR modeling. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133650. [PMID: 38309170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) can cause adverse biological effects through binding to integrin αvβ3. However, few studies have focused on the binding activity and mechanism of OPEs to integrin αvβ3. Herein, a comprehensive investigation of the mechanisms by which OPEs bind to integrin αvβ3 and determination of the binding affinity were conducted by in vitro and in silico approaches: competitive binding assay as well as pharmacophore, molecular docking and QSAR modeling. The results showed that all 18 OPEs exhibited binding activities to integrin αvβ3; moreover, hydrogen bonds were identified as crucial intermolecular interactions. In addition, essential factors, including the -P = O structure of OPEs, key amino acid residues and suitable cavity volume of integrin αvβ3, were identified to contribute to the formation of hydrogen bonds. Moreover, aryl-OPEs exhibited a lower binding activity with integrin αvβ3 than halogenated- and alkyl-OPEs. Ultimately, the QSAR model constructed in this study was effectively used to predict the binding affinity of OPEs to integrin αvβ3, and the results suggest that some OPEs might pose potential risks in aquatic environments. The results of this study comprehensively elucidated the binding mechanism of OPEs to integrin αvβ3, and supported the environmental risk management of these emerging pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Xu
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Lei Yang
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Jian Li
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China.
| | - Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Drinking Water Science and Technology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China.
| | - Litang Hu
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Rui Zuo
- Engineering Research Center of Groundwater Pollution Control and Remediation, Ministry of Education, College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Shaowei Jin
- Institution National Supercomputing Shenzhen Center, Shenzhen 518052, China
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Avila-Barnard S, Ha M, Nemarugommula C, Wiegand JL, Ke H, De Souza A, Behar R, Volz DC. Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate disrupts cellular metabolism within human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. J Hazard Mater 2024; 466:133660. [PMID: 38309160 PMCID: PMC10923128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.133660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCIPP) is a widely used, additive flame retardant that migrates from end-use products, leading to ubiquitous exposure of humans around the world. However, little is known about whether TDCIPP disrupts the physiology of human embryonic cells. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine whether TDCIPP alters cell viability, cellular metabolism, cytosine methylation, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels within human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells. Relative to vehicle controls, TDCIPP (0.015-0.1225 µM) resulted in a concentration-dependent increase in cell viability, a finding that was driven by an increase in relative ATP abundance. Interestingly, TDCIPP (0.061-0.98 µM) increased the rate of glycolysis - an adaptive mechanism consistent with the Warburg effect exhibited by tumorigenic cells. Moreover, relative to vehicle-treated cells, TDCIPP (0.245-15.63 µM) exposure for 48 h (but not 24 h) resulted in a significant, concentration-dependent decrease in ROS in situ, and TDCIPP (0.245 µM) exposure significantly increased carnosine within the histidine metabolism pathway. However, TDCIPP did not affect global 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) methylation (0.015-15.63 µM), cell membrane integrity (0.061-0.98 µM), nor the abundance of mitochondria (0.061-1.95 µM). Overall, our findings with TDCIPP point to a novel mechanism of action that may be relevant to human embryonic stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Avila-Barnard
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Megan Ha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Charvita Nemarugommula
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jenna L Wiegand
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Haiyan Ke
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Amancio De Souza
- Metabolomics Core Facility, Institute for Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Behar
- Stem Cell Core Facility, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - David C Volz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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Xie J, Zhang G, Chen C, Luo M, Xu H, Chen D, Liu R, Li Y, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Peng X, He L, Lin T, Jiang G. Tracing Organophosphate Ester Pollutants in Hadal Trenches─Distribution, Possible Origins, and Transport Mechanisms. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4392-4403. [PMID: 38362876 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c09884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Unraveling the mysterious pathways of pollutants to the deepest oceanic realms holds critical importance for assessing the integrity of remote marine ecosystems. This study tracks the transport of pollutants into the depths of the oceans, a key step in protecting the sanctity of these least explored ecosystems. By analyzing hadal trench samples from the Mariana, Mussau, and New Britain trenches, we found the widespread distribution of organophosphate ester (OPE) flame retardants but a complex transport pattern for the OPE in these regions. In the Mariana Trench seawater column, OPE concentrations range between 17.4 and 102 ng L-1, with peaks at depths of 500 and 4000 m, which may be linked to Equatorial Undercurrent and topographic Rossby waves, respectively. Sediments, particularly in Mariana (422 ng g-1 dw), showed high OPE affinity, likely due to organic matter serving as a transport medium, influenced by "solvent switching", "solvent depletion", and "filtering processes". Amphipods in the three trenches had consistent OPE levels (29.1-215 ng g-1 lipid weight), independent of the sediment pollution patterns. The OPEs in these amphipods appeared more linked to surface-dwelling organisms, suggesting the influence of "solvent depletion". This study highlights the need for an improved understanding of deep-sea pollutant sources and transport, urging the establishment of protective measures for these remote marine habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingqian Xie
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Gaoxin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
| | - Chuchu Chen
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Min Luo
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hongzhou Xu
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Duofu Chen
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Rulong Liu
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yingming Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaotong Peng
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Lisheng He
- Institute of Deep-sea Science and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Sanya 572000, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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25
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Ma H, He J, Fan H, Zhang N, Wu Q, Zhang S, Zhang C, Huang T, Gao H, Ma J, Xie Z. The influence of emerging atmospheric organophosphorus flame retardants from land source emissions on the East China Sea. J Hazard Mater 2024; 465:133404. [PMID: 38218037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.133404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) pose a new challenge to the marine environment due to their toxicity and persistence. This study explores the contributions of OPFR emissions from different land sources and sectors to its contamination of the East China Sea (ECS) using a novel atmospheric transport model(ChnMETOP)for POPs and a marine food web model. The results show that the major land sources causing OPFR pollution in the ECS were situated in Yangtze River Delta (YRD) and middle reach areas of China's Yangtze River, confirming that source proximity made most significant contributions to OPFR pollution in the ECS. Among those OPFR emission sectors, industrial emissions accounted for the highest modeled OPFR levels in the seawaters, followed by the OPFR usage process in textile, plastic, and rubber products. Assessment of bioaccumulation of OPFR in the marine food web of the ECS and the potential risk in commercial fish consumers reveals lower exposure risk via dietary fish ingestion. However, the risk might increase if OPFRs are continuously bioaccumulated in the biotic and released into the abiotic marine environment. This study simultaneously identified both the source locations and emission sectors, thereby providing important policy implications in mitigating OPFR pollution in the ECS marine environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haibo Ma
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Jian He
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Haoyue Fan
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Qingyi Wu
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Shulian Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Chengsi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China
| | - Hong Gao
- Key Laboratory for Environmental Pollution Prediction and Control, Gansu Province, College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Jianmin Ma
- Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, PR China
| | - Zhiyong Xie
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Institute of Coastal Environmental Chemistry, Geesthacht 21502, Germany.
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26
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Liu J, Qi P, Chen F, Zhang J, Li H, Sun J, Gu X, Zhang S. A universal eco-friendly flame retardant strategy for polylactic acid fabrics and other polymer substrates. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129411. [PMID: 38232893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Various polymer substrates have their particular combustion features, therefore, developing an effective universal flame retardant strategy for various polymer substrates is of great practical importance. Meanwhile, as substitutes for petroleum-based products, bio-based flame retardants and biodegradable polylactic acid (PLA) meet the requirements of sustainable development. In this work, a fully bio-based flame retardant coating (PAGS) was prepared using phytic acid (PA) and guanosine (GS). PAGS was used as a universal flame retardant coatings for polylactic acid (PLA) fabrics and other substrates, including cotton fabrics, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fabrics, polyamide (PA) fabrics, polyurethane (PU) foams, polyethylene terephthalate (PET) films, and woods. The PAGS-treated substrates were able to self-extinguish and eliminate molten droplets. Similarly, the PAGS coating significantly suppressed the heat release of each substrate. The P-containing free radicals in the gas phase were able to interact with highly reactive H, HO and alkyl radicals, blocking the chain reaction during combustion. The flammable gas density was also diluted by nonflammable gases. The formed continuous porous and dense intumescent char layer hindered heat and oxygen. It is suggested that this work provides a simple and efficient flame retardant strategy for improving the fire safety of various polymer substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Peng Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; School of Fashion and Textiles, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, 999077, Hong Kong
| | - Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jingfan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Hongfei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaoyu Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
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27
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Zhou MH, Ao X, Islam M, Liu YY, Prolongo SG, Wang DY. Bio-based epoxy vitrimer with inherent excellent flame retardance and recyclability via molecular design. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:129363. [PMID: 38244743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
The development of biobased fire-safe thermosets with recyclability heralds the switch for a transition towards a circular economy. In this framework, we introduced a novel high-performance bio-epoxy vitrimer (named GVD), which was fabricated by forming a crosslinking network between bio-epoxy glycerol triglycidyl ether (Gte), varying amounts of reactive flame-retardant agent 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (DOPO) (0-7 wt%) and a vanillin-based hardener (VA) with imine bonds. For instance, the epoxy vitrimer GVD5, featuring a DOPO content of 5 wt%, achieved a V-0 rating in the vertical burning test (UL-94) and obtained a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 31 %, surpassing the performance of pristine epoxy. Furthermore, the peak heat release rate and total heat release of GVD5 were reduced by 38.2 % and 26.3 %, respectively, compared to pristine epoxy. The GVD vitrimers further demonstrated exceptional reprocessability and recyclability, attributed to the presence of dynamic imine bonds within the topological crosslinking network. Remarkably, the epoxy vitrimers maintained the mechanical properties of the parent epoxy. Therefore, this work provides a facile strategy for fabricating high-performance and multi-functional bio-epoxy thermosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Hui Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiang Ao
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle profesor Aranguren 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Monsur Islam
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yu-Yao Liu
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle profesor Aranguren 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia González Prolongo
- Materials Science and Engineering Area, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Tecnologías para la Sostenibilidad, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Calle Tulipán s/n, 28933 Móstoles, Madrid, Spain
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain.
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Wang TC, Jia MH, Xu NT, Hu W, Jiang Z, Zhao B, Ni YP, Shao ZB. Facile fabrication of adenosine triphosphate/chitosan/polyethyleneimine coating for high flame-retardant lyocell fabrics with outstanding antibacteria. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129599. [PMID: 38246455 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Addressing highly flammable and easily breeding bacteria property via environmentally friendly approach was critical for the large-scale application of lyocell fibers. Herein, a bio-based coating constructed by layer-by-layer deposition of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), chitosan (CS), and polyethyleneimine (PEI) was successfully fabricated to obtain excellent fire-resistant and antimicrobial lyocell fabrics (LBL/Lyocell). The resulted fabrics with add-on of 11.5 wt% achieved the limiting oxygen index (LOI) of 32.0 %. Meanwhile, compared with the pure lyocell fabrics, the peak of heat release rate (PHRR), total heat release (THR), and fire growth rate (FIGRA) of LBL/Lyocell fabrics decreased by 75.2 %, 61.0 % and 69.8 % in cone calorimetric test (CCT), respectively. By characterizing the gaseous products and solid residues, the presence of the ATP/CS/PEI coating could not only quickly form the dense expanded carbon layer by itself, but also promote the conversion of cellulose into thermal-stability residues, thus reducing the release of combustible substances during combustion and protecting the lyocell fabrics. In addition, LBL/Lyocell showed excellent antimicrobial properties with 99.99 % antibacterial rates against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli). This bio-based coating was a promising candidate for efficiently flame-retardant cellulose fibers with excellent antibacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ci Wang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Meng-Han Jia
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nuo-Tong Xu
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Hu
- College of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Bin Zhao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan-Peng Ni
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Zhu-Bao Shao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Li X, Yang Y, Tang D, Liu Y, Wang Q. Electrostatic self-assembly endows cellulose paper with durable efficient flame retardancy and mechanical performance improvement. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129292. [PMID: 38199554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Flameproof modification of paper can improve safety and application performance. However, traditional paper is prone to moisture absorption, resulting in significant reduction in flame retardant performance, even complete failure, greatly limiting the application environment. In order to achieve long-term flame retardant properties of paper, while avoiding the loss of physical properties caused by the introduction of flame retardants, in this work, a plant acid/phosphate and melamine formaldehyde coating (PyA/PA-MF) is prepared through electrostatic self-assembly for durable flame retardant performance of cellulose paper. Due to the electrostatic interaction, the paper surface become greatly rough with introduction of PyA/PA-MF, a uniform microsphere structure is formed on the surface of the paper cellulose, which effectively fix the phosphorus-containing groups. The oxygen index reaches 33 % and the carbon length was only 6.3 ± 0.2 cm, the pHRR and THR are decreased by 80 % and 73 %, respectively. After being immersed for 72 h, the oxygen index is still 31.4 % and carbon length is no more than 12 cm. mechanical property of modified paper is significant increased in the tensile strength (2.4 MPa) compared to the blank paper (1 MPa), as well as that the whiteness of the surface of the modified paper will not change. In summary, PyA/PA-MF endows paper long-term flame retardant performance while maintaining its basic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xie Li
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuzhao Yang
- Shenzhen Sf Tyson Holding(group) Co., Ltd., Xinghai Avenue, Nanshan Street, Shenzhen-Hong Kong Cooperation Zone, Qianhai, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Dongdong Tang
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, the State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Chengdu 610065, China
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Zhou H, Lu Y, Liang M, Jin Q, Yang Y, Tang Q, Diao S, Cheng Y, Liu K, Li J, Zhang G. A cationic, durable, P/N-containing starch-based flame retardant for cotton fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129543. [PMID: 38246451 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
A cationic, durable flame retardant for cotton fabrics, 6-(2-(dimethoxy phosphoryl)-2-(trimethyl ammonium)) methoxy-2-methoxy-polysaccharide ammonium phosphate (DTPAP), was synthesized. Its structure was verified by NMR and FTIR spectroscopy. According to the FTIR spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), DTPAP formed P(=O)-O-C bonds with cellulose molecules and firmly grafted to cotton fabrics, giving the fabric a high durability. DTPAP-25-treated fabrics passed the vertical flame test (VFT), and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was 43.9 %. After 50 laundering cycles (LCs), the DTPAP-25-treated fabrics had an LOI of 29.9 %, passed the VFT, and retained their flame retardancy. EDS data showed that, compared with engrafted cationic ammonium phosphate flame retardants, the DTPAP-treated fabrics contained fewer metal ions. Cone calorimetry data showed that DTPAP-25-treated fabrics did not display concentrated heat release. The results suggested that DTPAP exhibited a condensed-phase flame retardant mechanism, and the introduction of cations into the ammonium phosphate flame retardant reduced ion exchange, which improved the durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Mengxiao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Qian Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Shuo Diao
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yao Cheng
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kunling Liu
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Jinhao Li
- Institute of Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, No.2 Tiansheng Street, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, PR China; Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Biomaterial Fiber and Modern Textile, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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31
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Jing Q, Lu Y, Liu K, Yan Y, Zhang G. Evaluating the fire resistance and durability of cotton textiles treated with a phosphoramide phosphorus ester phosphate ammonium flame retardant. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130144. [PMID: 38360228 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The phosphoramide phosphorus ester phosphate ammonium (PPEPA) flame retardant was synthesized by phosphorus oxychloride and ethanolamine, and its structure was characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cotton textiles treated with 20 wt% PPEPA (CT-PPEPA3) would have high durability and flame retardance. The limiting oxygen index (LOI) of CT-PPEPA3 was found to be 46.5 %, while after undergoing 50 laundering cycles (LCs) following the AATCC 61-2013 3 A standard, the LOI only decreased to 31.4 %. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analyses suggested the penetration of PPEPA molecules into the interior of cotton fibers, resulting in a minor alteration of the cellulose crystal structure. The excellent durability, FTIR, and energy-dispersive X-ray of CT-PPEPA3 provided evidence for the formation of -N-P(=O)-O-C- and -O-P(=O)-O-C- covalent bonds between the PPEPA molecules and cellulose. The -N-P(=O)-O-C- bond exhibited a p-π conjugation effect, leading to enhanced stability and improved durability of the flame-retardant cotton textiles. Vertical flame, thermogravimetric, and cone calorimetry tests demonstrated that the CT-PPEPA3 underwent condensed-phase and synergistic flame retardation. Additionally, these finished cotton textiles retained adequate breaking strength and softness, making them suitable for various applications. In conclusion, the incorporation of the -N-P(=O)-ONH4 group into the phosphorus ester phosphate ammonium flame retardant demonstrated effective enhancement of the fire resistance and durability of treated cotton textiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yonghua Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Kunling Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Yang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China
| | - Guangxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, College of Sericulture Textile and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, PR China.
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Guo S, Wu K, Pan Z, Zhou H, Zhou C. Flame retardant, high mechanical strength, transparent and water-resistant epoxy composites modified with chitosan derivatives. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129580. [PMID: 38246442 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Adding bio-based flame retardants to improve the flame retardancy of polymer materials without sacrificing other properties is a great challenge. Herein, a novel flame-retardant CS-DOPA was prepared from chitosan and 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oza-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide by acid-base neutralization reaction and fully characterized. The 4 wt% CS-DOPA modified EP showed good flame retardancy in both gaseous and condensed phase. The peak heat release rate, total smoke production, CO production, and smoke production rate of EP composites containing 4 wt% CS-DOPA were reduced by 55 %, 34 %, 45 %, and 46 %, respectively, to pass the UL-94 V-1 rating with a limiting oxygen index of 34.1 %. The CS-DOPA contributes to the formation of the condensed phase of the thermo-oxidation-resistant high-quality char layer with non-flammable other and phosphorus-containing free radicals released in the gas phase. In addition, EP/4CS-DOPA has good water resistance, mechanical properties, and transparency, with tensile and flexural strength improved by 12.7 % and 13.9 %, respectively, and still has high strength even after water treatment. The present work provides a green and facile strategy to use chitosan as a main raw material to manufacture EP materials with high performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shenxiang Guo
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China; Hubei Branch of China National Geological Exploration Center of Building Materials Industry, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Kunxiong Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Zhiquan Pan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China
| | - Chenyu Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China.
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Dong X, Dai M, Yang T, Chen L, Yu H, Chen L, Zhao R, Jiang C. Mechanism of interaction between ascorbic acid and soil iron-containing minerals for peroxydisulfate activation and organophosphorus flame retardant degradation. Environ Res 2024; 244:117883. [PMID: 38072104 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Soil constituents may play an important role in peroxydisulfate (PDS)-based oxidation of organic contaminants in soil. Iron-containing minerals (Fe-minerals) have been found to promote PDS activation for organics degradation. Our study found that ascorbic acid (H2A) could enhance PDS activation by soil Fe-minerals for triphenyl phosphate (TPHP) degradation. Determination and characterization analyses of Fe fractions showed that H2A could induce the reductive dissolution of solid Fe-minerals and the increasing of oxygen vacancies/hydroxyl groups content on Fe-minerals surface. The increasing of divalent Fe (Fe(II)) accelerated PDS activation to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) and quenching studies showed that sulfate radicals (SO4•-) and hydroxyl radicals (HO•) contributed significantly to TPHP degradation. The composition and content of Fe-minerals and soil organic matter (SOM) markedly influenced ROS transformations. Surface-bond and structural Fe played the main role in the production of Fe(II) in reaction system. The high-concentration SOM could result in ROS consumption and degradation inhibition. Density functional theory (DFT) studies revealed that H2A is preferentially adsorbed at α-Fe2O3(012) surface through Fe-O-C bridges rather than hydrogen bonds. After absorption, H atoms on H2A may further be migrated to adjacent O atoms on the α-Fe2O3(012) surface. With the transformation of H atoms to the α-Fe2O3(012) surface, the Fe-O-C bridge is broken and one electron is transferred from the O to Fe atom, inducing the reduction of trivalent Fe (Fe(III)) atom. MS/MS2 analysis, HPLC analysis, and toxicity assessment demonstrated that TPHP was transformed to less toxic 4-hydroxyphenyl diphenyl phosphate (OH-TPHP), diphenyl hydrogen phosphate (DPHP), and phenyl phosphate (PHP) through phenol-cleavage and hydroxylation processes, and even be mineralized in reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaona Dong
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science Technology, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Miaomiao Dai
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science Technology, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Tongyi Yang
- College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science Technology, Zhenjiang, 212000, China
| | - Lulu Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Hongxia Yu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Liwei Chen
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rudong Zhao
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Canlan Jiang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
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Yu X, Jin X, He Y, Yu Z, Zhang R, Qin D. Eco-friendly bamboo pulp foam enabled by chitosan and phytic acid interfacial assembly of halloysite nanotubes: Toward flame retardancy, thermal insulation, and sound absorption. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129393. [PMID: 38218301 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Lightweight, porous cellulose foam is an attractive alternative to traditional petroleum-based products, but the intrinsic flammability impedes its use in construction. Herein, an environmentally friendly strategy for scalable fabrication of flame-retardant bamboo pulp foam (BPF) using a foam-forming technique followed by low-cost ambient drying is reported. In the process, a hierarchical structure of halloysite nanotubes (HNT) was decorated onto bamboo pulp fibers through layer-by-layer assembling of chitosan (CS) and phytic acid (PA). This modification retained the highly porous microcellular structure of the resultant BPF (92 %-98 %). It improved its compressive strength by 228.01 % at 50 % strain, endowing this foam with desired thermal insulation properties and sound absorption coefficient comparable to commercial products. More importantly, this foam possessed exceptional flame retardancy (47.05 % reduction in the total heat release and 95.24 % reduction in the total smoke production) in cone calorimetry, and it showed excellent extinguishing performance, indicating considerably enhanced fire safety. These encouraging results suggest that the flame retardant BPF has the potential to serve as a renewable and cost-effective alternative to traditional foam for applications in acoustic and thermal insulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Xiaobei Jin
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Ying He
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Zixuan Yu
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Department of Biomaterials, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Beijing 100102, China; SFA and Beijing Co-built Key Laboratory of Bamboo and Rattan Science & Technology, State Forestry Administration, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Daochun Qin
- Sanya Research Base, International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan, Sanya 572000, Hainan, China
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Zhang LY, Song WM, Li P, Liu Y. A P/N flame retardant for polyester-cotton fabrics: Flame retardancy, mechanical properties and antibacterial property. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129767. [PMID: 38296136 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
A phosphorus‑nitrogen synergistic flame retardant (named POI) was obtained by the chemical reaction between phenylphosphonic acid (PPOA) and polyethyleneimine (PEI), and used to give the flame retardancy of PTCO. The effects of PPOA and POI on various properties of PTCO were investigated. PPOA obviously improved the flame retardancy of PTCO/PPOA, while the breaking force of PTCO/PPOA was greatly reduced. However, the introduction of PEI made the surface of fabrics smoother. PTCO/POI had better flame retardancy than PTCO/PPOA did, and the limiting oxygen index value of PTCO/POI reached to 29.8 %. POI had a good effect on reducing the Rmax of both cotton and polyester components. The phosphoric acid groups in POI can promote the dehydration and carbonization reactions of PTCO, which protects the inner fabrics, and POI can release incombustible gases such as NH3 and N2 during burning, which can dilute the oxygen concentration. The flame-retardant mechanism of PTCO/POI was mainly the condensed phase. At the same time, there were no changes in whiteness and mechanical properties compared with those of PTCO, and it also had antibacterial property. This work provides a simple and effective method to prepare flame-retardant and antibacterial PTCO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Yao Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wan-Meng Song
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Wang Z, Wang S, Chen H, Chen C, Luan J, Dong C, Lu Z. Preparation and thermostability of a Si/P/N synergistic flame retardant containing triazine ring structure for cotton fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129497. [PMID: 38232884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
A new synergistic flame retardant named Bisiminopropyl trimethoxysilane-1,3,5-triazine-O-bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate (BTPODE) was synthesized, which is a type of Si/P/N flame retardant. This was accomplished by grafting aminopropyl trimethoxysilane and bicyclic pentaerythritol phosphate onto a triazine ring structure, serving as an intermediate. The structure of BTPODE was determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR, 13C NMR, and 31P NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). SEM was used to detect the surface morphology of cotton fabrics, which suggested that BTPODE had been resoundingly stick to cotton fabrics. The flame retardant properties of cotton fabrics were evaluated by measuring the limiting oxygen index (LOI) and conducting vertical flammability experiments. Cotton fabrics with a weight gain of 20.73 % achieved an LOI value of 32.5 %. Thermogravimetric (TG) experiments demonstrated the samples' good thermostability. Furthermore, under nitrogen conditions, the char residue of cotton fabric with a weight gain of 20.73 % was 36.85 %. The cone calorimetry test (CONE) showed a significant reduction in the TSP value, indicating a certain level of smoke suppression performance. Finally, based on the obtained experimental results, the fire-retardant mechanism principle of the flame retardant was deduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Hongfei Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Luan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chaohong Dong
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Zhou Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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Song WM, Zhang LY, Li P, Ni YP, Liu Y. The fabrication of flame-retardant viscose fabrics with phytic acid-based flame retardants: Balancing efficient flame retardancy and tensile strength. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 260:129596. [PMID: 38253158 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Viscose fabrics have been widely used in various applications, but their potential fire hazard has been a concern. To address this issue, improving the flame retardancy of viscose fabrics has become a significant priority. Phytic acid (PA) and xylitol were used to create a novel flame retardant, PAXY. PAXY was finished on viscose fabrics by pad-dry-curing process, and the performance of coated viscose fabrics was investigated. The results showed that the limiting oxygen index value of PAXY13-100 (fabrics finished with a 100 g/L flame-retardant solution and the flame retardant synthesized by a 1: 3 M ratio of PA to xylitol) reached 32.8 % and the heat release rate value was decreased by 77 %. Based on the findings from the analysis of both the gas phase and condensed phase products, PAXY promoted the dehydration of viscose fabrics to produce a denser char layer, which inhibited the production of flammable gases. Surprisingly, the breaking force retention of PAXY13-100 reached 90 % in warp and 114 % in weft. Compared with that of 100 g/L PA-treated fabrics, the breaking force of PAXY13-100 increased by nearly 400 %. This work provides a new strategy for PA-based flame-retardant finishing with the synergy of flame retardancy and breaking force retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Meng Song
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Li-Yao Zhang
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Li
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan-Peng Ni
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yun Liu
- College of Textiles & Clothing, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-textiles, Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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Zheng S, Li W, Chen Y, Yang H, Cai Y, Wang Q, Wei Q. Synergistic effect of stereo-complexation and interfacial compatibility in ammonium polyphosphate grafted polylactic acid fibers for simultaneously improved toughness and flame retardancy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 261:129943. [PMID: 38311135 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Flammability and poor toughness of unmodified PLA limit its applications in various fields. Though ammonium polyphosphate (APP) is a green and effective flame retardant, it has poor compatibility with the matrix, leading to a decrease in mechanical properties. Stereo-complexation greatly improves the strength and heat resistance of traditional PLA. However, the effect of flame retardants on the formation of stereo-complexed crystals and the impact of stereo-complexation on flame retardancy have not been studied previously. In this research, PDLA chains were first in-situ reacted with APP particles for improved interfacial compatibility. By utilizing the characteristic of PLA enantiomers that can form stereo-complexed crystals, near-complete stereo-complexed PLA fibers with flame retardancy were produced via clean and continuous melt spinning. The compatibility between PDLA-g-APP and PLLA matrix was studied by SEM, rheological analyses and DSC. Strength and flexibility of the fibers were simultaneously enhanced compared to traditional PLA due to the synergistic effect of interfacial compatibility and stereo-complexation. Compared to traditional PLA, the peak heat release rate and total heat release in microcalorimetry test were reduced by 33 % and 22 %, respectively. The flame-retardant fibers achieved a V-0 rating in the UL-94 test, and an increase in LOI value from 19.4 % to 28.2 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siming Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Wei Li
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yuyan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Hanrui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Yibing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
| | - Qufu Wei
- Key Laboratory of Science & Technology of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China.
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Hattaway M, Alaimo C, Wong L, Teerlink J, Young TM. Spatial and temporal variability of micropollutants within a wastewater catchment system. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2024; 26:357-367. [PMID: 38170844 PMCID: PMC10922816 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00361b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Treated wastewater effluent is a major contributor to concentrations of many anthropogenic chemicals in the environment. Examining patterns of these compounds measured from different catchment areas comprising the influent to a wastewater treatment plant, across many months, may reveal patterns in compound sources and seasonality helpful to management efforts. This study considers a wastewater catchment system that was sampled at six sub-catchment sites plus the treatment plant influent and effluent at seven time points spanning nine months. Wastewater samples were analyzed with LC-QTOF-MS using positive electrospray ionization and GC-QTOF-MS using negative chemical ionization and electron ionization. MS data were screened against spectral libraries to identify micropollutants. As expected, multiple classes of chemicals were represented, including pharmaceuticals, plasticizers, personal care products, and flame retardants. Patterns in the compounds seen at different sampling sites and dates reflect the varying uses and down-the-drain routes that influence micropollutant loading in sewer systems. Patterns in examined compounds revealed little spatial variation, and greater temporal variation. For example, the greatest loads of DEET were found to occur in the summer months. Additionally, groups of compounds exhibited strong correlation with each other, which could be indicative of similar down-the-drain routes (such as a group intercorrelated chemicals that are components of cleaning products) or the influence of similar physicochemical processes within the sewer system. This study contributes to the understanding of dynamics of micropollutants in sewer systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madison Hattaway
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Chris Alaimo
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Luann Wong
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
| | - Jennifer Teerlink
- California Department of Pesticide Regulation, Sacramento, CA 95618, USA
| | - Thomas M Young
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Li Z, Hales BF, Robaire B. Impact of Exposure to a Mixture of Organophosphate Esters on Adrenal Cell Phenotype, Lipidome, and Function. Endocrinology 2024; 165:bqae024. [PMID: 38376928 PMCID: PMC10914377 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Organophosphate esters (OPEs) are used primarily as flame retardants and plasticizers. Previously, we reported that adrenal cells are important targets of individual OPEs. However, real-life exposures are to complex mixtures of these chemicals. To address this, we exposed H295R human adrenal cells to varying dilutions (1/1000K to 1/3K) of a Canadian household dust-based OPE mixture for 48 hours and evaluated effects on phenotypic, lipidomic, and functional parameters. Using a high-content screening approach, we assessed phenotypic markers at mixture concentrations at which there was greater than 70% cell survival; the most striking effect of the OPE mixture was a 2.5-fold increase in the total area of lipid droplets. We then determined the response of specific lipid species to OPE exposures with novel, nontargeted lipidomic analysis of isolated lipid droplets. These data revealed that house dust OPEs induced concentration-dependent alterations in the composition of lipid droplets, particularly affecting the triglyceride, diglyceride, phosphatidylcholine, and cholesterol ester subclasses. The steroid-producing function of adrenal cells in the presence or absence of a steroidogenic stimulus, forskolin, was determined. While the production of 17β-estradiol remained unaffected, a slight decrease in testosterone production was observed after stimulation. Conversely, a 2-fold increase in both basal and stimulated cortisol and aldosterone production was observed. Thus, exposure to a house dust-based mixture of OPEs exerts endocrine-disrupting effects on adrenal cells, highlighting the importance of assessing the effects of environmentally relevant mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Li
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Barbara F Hales
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
| | - Bernard Robaire
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H3G 1Y6, Canada
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Lin Y, Lin R, Wang W, Xie M, Li Y, Zhang Q. Association between urinary organophosphate ester metabolite exposure and thyroid disease risk among US adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1329247. [PMID: 38405137 PMCID: PMC10884265 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1329247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Organophosphate esters (OPEs) may interfere with thyroid function, but the relationship between OPEs and thyroid disease remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the relationship between OPEs exposure and thyroid disease risk in the general population in the United States. Method Data were obtained from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycle. All participants were tested for seven OPE metabolites in their urine and answered questions about whether they had thyroid disease through questionnaires. Logistic regression was employed to analyze the association between exposure to individual OPE metabolites and thyroid disease. Weighted Quantile Sum (WQS) regression modeling was utilized to assess exposure to mixed OPE metabolites and risk of thyroid disease. Bayesian kernel machine regression(BKMR) models to analyze the overall mixed effect of OPE metabolites. Result A total of 2,449 participants were included in the study, 228 of whom had a history of thyroid disease. Bis(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phos (BDCPP), Diphenyl phosphate (DPHP) and Bis(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (BCEP) were the top three metabolites with the highest detection rates of 91.75%, 90.77% and 86.57%, respectively. In multivariate logistic regression models, after adjustment for confounding variables, individuals with the highest tertile level of BCEP were significantly and positively associated with increased risk of thyroid disease (OR=1.57, 95% CI=1.04-2.36), using the lowest tertile level as reference. In the positive WQS regression model, after correcting for confounding variables, mixed exposure to OPE metabolites was significantly positively associated with increased risk of thyroid disease (OR=1.03, 95% CI=1.01-1.06), with BCEP and DPHP having high weights. In the BKMR model, the overall effect of mixed exposure to OPE metabolites was not statistically significant, but univariate exposure response trends showed that the risk of thyroid disease decreased and then increased as BCEP exposure levels increased. Conclusion The study revealed a significant association between exposure to OPE metabolites and an increased risk of thyroid disease, with BCEP emerging as the primary contributor. The risk of thyroid disease exhibits a J-shaped pattern, whereby the risk initially decreases and subsequently increases with rising levels of BCEP exposure. Additional studies are required to validate the association between OPEs and thyroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Ruipeng Lin
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Weikang Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Manling Xie
- Laboratory Center, The Major Subject of Environment and Health of Fujian Key Universities, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yun Li
- Food and Chemical Institute, Anhui Province Institute of Product Quality Supervision & Inspection, Hefei, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
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Liu Y, Zhao J, Yu X, Ren Y, Liu X. Bioinspired phosphorus-free and halogen-free biomass coatings for durable flame retardant modification of regenerated cellulose fibers. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129252. [PMID: 38199533 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Inspired by mussel adhesion and intrinsic flame retardant alginate fibers, a biomass flame retardant (PPCA) containing adhesive catechol and sodium carboxylate structure (-COO-Na+) based on biomass amino acids and protocatechualdehyde was designed to prepare flame retardant Lyocell fibers (Lyocell@PPCA@Na). Furthermore, through the substitution and chelation of metal ions by PPCA in the cellulose molecular chain, flame retardant Lyocell fibers chelating copper and iron ions (Lyocell@PPCA@Cu, Lyocell@PPCA@Fe) were prepared. Compared with the original sample, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) for modified Lyocell fibers were significantly reduced. In addition, the modified sample exhibited a certain flame retardant durability. TG-FTIR analysis showed that the release of flammable gaseous substances was inhibited. The introduction of Schiff bases and aromatic structures in PPCA, as well as the decomposition of carboxylic metal salts were beneficial for the formation of char residue containing metal carbonates and metal oxides to play the condensed phase flame retardant effect. This work develops a new idea for the preparation of eco-friendly flame retardant Lyocell fibers without the traditional flame retardant elements such as P, Cl, and Br.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yansong Liu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Jieyun Zhao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Xi Yu
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Yuanlin Ren
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China; Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite, Ministry of Education, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China.
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Wang L, Yu Y, Liu G, Hu B, Lu J. Degradation of Tetrabromobisphenol S by thermo-activated Persulphate Oxidation: reaction Kinetics, transformation Mechanisms, and brominated By-products. Environ Technol 2024; 45:988-998. [PMID: 36215213 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2022.2135027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) are a group of contaminants of emerging environmental concern. In this study, systematic exploration was carried out to investigate the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol S (TBBPS), a typical emerging BFRs, by thermally activated persulfate (PDS) oxidation. The removal of 5.0 μM TBBPS was 100% after 60 min oxidation treatment under 60°C. Increasing the temperature or initial PDS concentration facilitated the degradation efficiency of TBBPS. The quenching test indicated that TBBPS degradation occurred via the attack of both sulphate radicals and hydroxyl radicals. Natural organic matter (NOM) decreased the removal rate, however, complete disappearance of TBBPS could still be obtained. Six intermediate products were formed during reactions between TBBPS and radicals. Transformation pathways including debromination, β-Scission, and cross-coupling were proposed. Brominated disinfection by-products (DBPs) in situ formed during the degradation of TBBPS were also investigated, such as bromoform and dibromoacetic acid. The presence of NOM reduced the formation rates of brominated DBPs. Results reveal that although thermo-activated PDS is a promising method for TBBPS-contaminated water, it can lead to potential brominated DBPs risks, which should be paid more attention to when SO4•--based oxidation technology is applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaqun Yu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Hu
- School of Life Science, Shaoxing University, Shaoxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Junhe Lu
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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MohammadAlizadeh A, Elmi F. Flame retardant and superoleophilic polydopamine/chitosan-graft (g)-octanal coated polyurethane foam for separation oil/water mixtures. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129237. [PMID: 38191114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
The discharge of crude petroleum oils and their derivatives poses serious environmental challenges, which can be mitigated through oil/water separation. In this study, polyurethane (PU)/polydopamine (PDA)/chitosan-graft (g)-octanal foam was prepared by immersing of PU foam in PDA and chitosan-g-octanal solutions. The fabricated PU foam exhibited thermal stability, flame retardancy, and hydrophobicity/superoleophilicity. The coated PU foam can selectively absorb heavy and light oils from dynamic and static oil/water mixtures. The maximum sorption capacity for olive oil was found to be as high as 41.48 g/g. PU/PDA/chitosan-g-octanal foam also demonstrated excellent flame retardancy and the ability to quickly extinguish fire, as confirmed by the limiting oxygen index (LOI) test.
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Affiliation(s)
- AmirHossein MohammadAlizadeh
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine & Environmental Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Elmi
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Faculty of Marine & Environmental Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran.
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Wang Z, Yan T, Gao Y, Ma X, Xu P, Ding Y. Improving flame retardant and electromagnetic interference shielding properties of poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) composites using catalytic imidazolium modified CNTs and ammonium polyphosphate. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129265. [PMID: 38218292 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.129265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The flame retardants and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding performance were enhanced by using imidazolium-functionalized polyurethane (IPU) modified multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) for polylactic acid (PLA)/polycaprolactone (PCL) composites. The PLA/PCL/10APP/8CNT/1.6IPU composite containing 10 wt% APP and 8 wt% imidazolium modified CNTs reached the limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 30.3 % and passed the V-0 rating in UL-94 tests. Moreover, the peak of the heat release rate (pHRR) and total heat release (THR) for this composite reached around 302 kW/m2 and 64 KJ/m2, which were decreased by 39.1 % and 15.8 % compared with that of PLA/PCL/10APP composite. The improved flame retardancy was attributed to the interplay of catalytic, barrier, and condensed char forming of imidazolium-modified CNTs and APP. IPU catalyzed the charring effect of the polymer matrix during combustion and regulated the migration of more CNTs to disperse at the two-phase interface. The dispersion of imidazolium-modified CNTs and co-continuous phase structure of the composites can establish continuous conductive pathways. The PLA/PCL/APP/CNT/IPU composite obtained a higher conductivity compared to the PLA/PCL/APP/CNT composite and whose EMI SE reached 33.9 dB, which is a promising candidate for next-generation sustainable and protective plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Tong Yan
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Yifei Gao
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
| | - Pei Xu
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
| | - Yunsheng Ding
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Anhui Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Materials and Devices, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China.
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Wang T, Liu Y, Dong J, Wang Y, Li D, Long X, Wang B, Xia Y. Preparation of high-strength photochromic alginate fibers based on the study of flame-retardant properties. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128889. [PMID: 38123039 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Color-changing fibers have attracted much attention for their wide applications in camouflage, security warnings, and anti-counterfeiting. The inorganic color-changing material tungsten trioxide (WO3) has been widely investigated for its good stability, controllability, and ease of synthesis. In this study, photochromic alginate fibers (WO3@Ca-Alg) were prepared by incorporating UV-responsive hybrid tungsten trioxide nanoparticles in the fiber production process. The prepared photochromic alginate fibers changed from white to dark blue after 30 min of UV irradiation and returned to their original color after 64 h. It can be seen that WO3@Ca-Alg has the advantage of long color duration. The strength of this fiber reached 2.61 cN/dtex and the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was 40.9 %, which indicates that the fiber exhibited mechanical resistance and flame-retardant properties. After the cross-linking of WO3@Ca-Alg by sodium tetraborate, a new core-shell structure was generated, which was able to encapsulate tungsten trioxide in it, thus reducing the amount of tungsten trioxide loss, and its salt and washing resistance was greatly improved. This photochromic alginate fiber can be mass produced and spun into yarn.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yongjiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Jinfeng Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Daohao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiaojing Long
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Bingbing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
| | - Yanzhi Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, School of Materials Science and Engineering, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Bio-based Fibers and Ecological Textiles, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
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Fan S, Gao X, Yang X, Li X. Infusing phytate-based biomass flame retardants into the cellulose lumens of Chinese fir wood attains superior flame retardant efficacy. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128975. [PMID: 38147971 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
To be suitable for certain construction and furniture applications, wood must be treated with a flame retardant and impregnating flame retardants into the cellulose lumens of wood is an effective flame retardant method. Phytic acid, the main storage form of phosphorus in various plant tissues, is an inexpensive, and non-toxic biomaterial that shows potential applications as an environmentally friendly bio-based flame retardant. In this study, phytic acid and zinc phytate were used to impregnate delignified wood under vacuum and pressure, which greatly enhanced the flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of Chinese fir, while still maintaining its original texture. Phytic acid and zinc phytate were hydrogen-bonded to cellulose in wood. Phytic acid and zinc phytate were hydrogen-bonded to cellulose in wood. The results showed that the total heat release (THR) of Chinese fir treated with zinc phytate decreased from 55.66 MJ/m2 to 5.90 MJ/m2, and a compact carbonized protective layer was quickly formed on the surface of Chinese fir after ignition. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed that the char yield of Chinese fir treated by the flame retardant was 177.6 % higher than that of untreated wood. This study provides an efficient, sustainable, and economical method to prepare Chinese fir with excellent flame retardancy and thermal insulation performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shutong Fan
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China
| | - Xun Gao
- College of Architecture and Energy Engineering, Wenzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325006, China
| | - Xi Yang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
| | - Xianjun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
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48
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Sun L, Yang C, Wang H, Jin X, Li X, Liu X, Zhu P, Dong C. Bio-based alginate and Si-, P- and N-containing compounds cooperate toward flame-retardant modification of polyester fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129121. [PMID: 38159694 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Imparting flame retardancy to polyester fabrics is still a pressing issue for the textile industry. To this end, a composite coating was developed by phosphite, pentamethyldisiloxane, urea and sodium alginate, and then applied together with calcium chloride to prepare flame-retardant polyester fabrics. The optimized polyester fabrics named PF-HUSC exhibited a rough surface with P, Si, N and Ca element distributions, as observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDX). Flame retardancy evaluations showed that the damaged length of PF-HUSC with a limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 35.3 ± 0.3 % was reduced from the contrastive 17.6 ± 0.4 cm to 4.6 ± 0.2 cm after vertical burning test. Thermogravimetric (TG) test confirmed that PF-HUSC retained a char residue as high as 35.1 % at 700 °C. Cone calorimetry test displayed that the total heat release (THR) and total smoke production (TSP) values of PF-HUSC were reduced to 3.1 MJ/m2 and 1.1 m2, respectively, as compared to those of pure polyester fabrics. More importantly, PF-HUSC still exhibited higher LOI value than that of pure polyester fabrics after 25 washing cycles. Hence, the coating scheme is considered as a new method to expand the preparation of flame-retardant polyester fabrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Sun
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chenghao Yang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Huixin Wang
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xin Jin
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Xiangji Liu
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Ping Zhu
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China
| | - Chaohong Dong
- College of Textile and Clothing, State Key Laboratory of Bio-fibers and Eco-textiles, Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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49
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Du L, Wang S, Zhu P, Jiang Z. Eco-friendly phosphorus-free flame-retardant coating for microfiber synthetic leather via alginate-based layer-by-layer technology. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129007. [PMID: 38151082 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
The excellent comprehensive properties of microfiber synthetic leathers have led to their wide application in various aspects of our lives. However, the issue of flammability remains a significant challenge that needs to be addressed. Nowadays, the bio-based chemicals used in the flame-retardant materials have extremely grabbed our eyes. Herein, we developed an ecologically friendly flame-retardant microfiber synthetic leather using phosphorus-free layer-by-layer assembly technology (LBL) based on natural polysaccharide alginate (SA) coupled with polyethyleneimine (PEI) and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES). The effect of different LBL coating systems on the flame retardancy of microfiber synthetic leather was investigated. The results demonstrated that the introduction of APTES can completely inhibit the melt-dripping by enhancing char formation through silica elements. Furthermore, the trinary coating system consisting of SA/APTES/PEI exhibited excellent flame retardancy by combining gas-phase action from PEI and condensed-phase function from APTES. This modified microfiber synthetic leather showed a significantly higher limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 33.0 % with no molten droplet. Additionally, the SA-based coating slightly suppressed the heat release, resulting in a 20 % reduction in total heat release during the combustion test. Overall, this work presents a facile and environmentally-friendly approach for achieving flame-retardant and anti-dripping microfiber synthetic leather.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Du
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shijie Wang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhiming Jiang
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, College of Textiles and Clothing, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), Qingdao Key Laboratory of Flame-Retardant Textile Materials, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
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50
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Jin X, Zhang J, Wang B, Li X, Zeng J, Ma J, Zhao X, Wu W, Del Río Sáez JS, Zhang X, Wang DY, Wang R. Multifunctional polylactic acid sensing fabric based on biomass flame retardants for intelligent fire early-warning. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 259:129158. [PMID: 38176481 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Today, building materials emit many hazardous gases in the event of a fire, causing great harm to human health and the environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop bio-based flame retardant materials and to realize preventive measures to reduce fires or their damage. In this work, we fabricated a novel multifunctional fire early-warning polylactic acid-based fabric (MFR-PBF) by coating MXene nanosheet, phytic acid @ furfurylamine (PA@FA) and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) via an eco-friendly layer-by-layer assembly method. MFR-PBF showed outstanding flame retardancy including a limiting oxygen index value of 35 % and better char formation capacity. More importantly, MFR-PBF exhibited sensitive fire early-warning capability (∼1 s) and excellent cyclic alarm stability (>15 cycles) due to the excellent semiconductor responsiveness (light and heat) and the significant catalytic char formation effect. Moreover, MFR-PBF is comfortable, flexible and strong enough to sew onto firefighter uniform to detect a variety of human motions, which can be monitored in the internet by using a LoRa emitter and a gateway. In addition, the controllable heating performance rendered MFR-PBF as a potential portable heater. This work provides new insights into the preparation and application of intelligent fire early-warning fabrics in the smart fire protection and Internet of Things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Jin
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Bin Wang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - Xiaolu Li
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; E.T.S. de Ingenieros de Caminos, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Calle Profesor Aranguren 3, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jing Zeng
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jiayu Ma
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Ximeng Zhao
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Wenqi Wu
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - José Sánchez Del Río Sáez
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain; Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica, Electrónica Automática y Física Aplicada, ETSIDI, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ronda de Valencia 3, 28012 Madrid, Spain
| | - Xiuqin Zhang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China.
| | - De-Yi Wang
- IMDEA Materials Institute, C/Eric Kandel, 2, 28906 Getafe, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rui Wang
- School of Materials Design & Engineering, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Clothing Materials R & D and Assessment, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Textile Nanofiber, Beijing Institute of Fashion Technology, Beijing 100029, China
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