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Fakhlaei R, Babadi AA, Sun C, Ariffin NM, Khatib A, Selamat J, Xiaobo Z. Application, challenges and future prospects of recent nondestructive techniques based on the electromagnetic spectrum in food quality and safety. Food Chem 2024; 441:138402. [PMID: 38218155 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
Safety and quality aspects of food products have always been critical issues for the food production and processing industries. Since conventional quality measurements are laborious, time-consuming, and expensive, it is vital to develop new, fast, non-invasive, cost-effective, and direct techniques to eliminate those challenges. Recently, non-destructive techniques have been applied in the food sector to improve the quality and safety of foodstuffs. The aim of this review is an effort to list non-destructive techniques (X-ray, computer tomography, ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, hyperspectral imaging, infrared, Raman, terahertz, nuclear magnetic resonance, magnetic resonance imaging, and ultrasound imaging) based on the electromagnetic spectrum and discuss their principle and application in the food sector. This review provides an in-depth assessment of the different non-destructive techniques used for the quality and safety analysis of foodstuffs. We also discussed comprehensively about advantages, disadvantages, challenges, and opportunities for the application of each technique and recommended some solutions and developments for future trends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafieh Fakhlaei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
| | - Arman Amani Babadi
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Chunjun Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
| | - Naziruddin Mat Ariffin
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Alfi Khatib
- Pharmacognosy Research Group, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Kuantan 25200, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; Faculty of Pharmacy, Airlangga University, Surabaya 60155, Indonesia
| | - Jinap Selamat
- Food Safety and Food Integrity (FOSFI), Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Zou Xiaobo
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China.
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Joseph Bassey E, Cheng JH, Sun DW. Comparative elucidation of bioactive and antioxidant properties of red dragon fruit peel as affected by electromagnetic and conventional drying approaches. Food Chem 2024; 439:138118. [PMID: 38109834 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.138118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The effects of near-infrared (NIRD), mid-infrared (MIRD), far-infrared (FIRD), microwave (MWD), and hot air drying (HAD) on drying kinetic, colour, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of red dragon fruit peel (RDFP) was evaluated. Results indicated that drying methods induced varying microstructural and chemical changes on RDFP, significantly influencing moisture removal rates and phytochemical retention. The lowest drying time was observed for MWD, while MIRD presented the highest drying time. FIRD drying was more favourable for retaining TPC, TFC, betacyanin and betaxanthin, while the ascorbic acid content was better retained during MIRD and NIRD. Enhancements in ABTS, CUPRAC and reducing power were associated with FIRD, and NIRD and MIRD enhanced DPPH and HRSA. Overall, chemical modifications induced by drying improved the phytochemical and antioxidant properties but presented adversative effects on ascorbic acid and DPPH. The study presented an essential background for the optimal drying of RDFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edidiong Joseph Bassey
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-Hu Cheng
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Da-Wen Sun
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China; Academy of Contemporary Food Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou 510006, China; Engineering and Technological Research Centre of Guangdong Province on Intelligent Sensing and Process Control of Cold Chain Foods, & Guangdong Province Engineering Laboratory for Intelligent Cold Chain Logistics Equipment for Agricultural Products, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Centre, Guangzhou 510006, China; Food Refrigeration and Computerised Food Technology, University College Dublin, National University of Ireland, Agriculture and Food Science Centre, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland.
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Mizushima M, Kawabori M, Yamazaki K, Egawa K, Fujimura M. Ommaya reservoir placement using ultrasound guidance via anterior fontanelle combined with frameless electromagnetic neuronavigation in patients with mucopolysaccharidosis type 2: Case reports and review of the literature. Childs Nerv Syst 2024; 40:1603-1607. [PMID: 38165414 DOI: 10.1007/s00381-023-06265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II) results from the genetic deficiency of a lysosomal enzyme and is associated with central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction. In Japan, in addition to intravenous enzyme administration, intracerebroventricular enzyme delivery through the Ommaya reservoir has recently gained approval. Nevertheless, the ideal approach for safely implanting the reservoir into the narrow ventricles of infantile MPS II patients remains uncertain. In this report, we present two cases of successful reservoir placement in infantile MPS II patients using ultrasound guidance via the anterior fontanelle, coupled with flameless electromagnetic neuronavigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makoto Mizushima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Masahito Kawabori
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| | - Kazuyoshi Yamazaki
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Egawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Miki Fujimura
- Department of Neurosurgery, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan
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Long Z, Chi Y, Zhang X, Li H, Yang D, Li D, Jiang Z. An EM-Tracked Approach for Calibrating the 3D Pose of Flexible Endoscopes. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1435-1447. [PMID: 38402316 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03469-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Flexible endoscopes are ideal instruments for visualizing and diagnosing the inner surfaces of organs via a minimally invasive incision. Calibrating a flexible endoscope is a troublesome yet inevitable process in image-based tools tracking. Aiming to simplify the calibration process, we propose an electromagnetic (EM)-tracked calibration approach that does not require any predefined poses of the EM sensor. A three-stage calibration protocol was presented in an extensor. First, the orientation of the endoscope tube was derived by conducting a circular rotation of the endoscope around its axis utilizing a pair of tightly bearing stands. Second, the 3D position of the endoscope tip was acquired by having the tip come into contact with a flat plane. Third, the pose model of the bending section was derived and transformed into the local coordinate system of the EM sensor attached to the endoscope handle. To assess the accuracy of the proposed calibration approach, two experiments were designed and performed. Experimental results indicate accuracies of 0.09 ± 0.06 deg and 0.03 ± 0.19 deg in the estimation of the endoscope tube orientation and 0.52 ± 0.29, 0.33 ± 0.11, and 0.29 ± 0.17 mm in the x, y, and z estimations of the endoscope tip position, respectively. The proposed approach is accurate and easy to operate, does not require the employment of custom calibration markers, and can be used not only in surgical training systems but also in the endoscopic-based tools tracking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongjie Long
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Modern Measurement & Control Technology, and School of Electromechanical Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China.
| | - Yongting Chi
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Modern Measurement & Control Technology, and School of Electromechanical Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Xianbo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Modern Measurement & Control Technology, and School of Electromechanical Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China
| | - Hongbing Li
- Department of Instrument Science and Engineering, School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Dejin Yang
- Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical School, 4th Clinical College of Peking University, Beijing, 100035, China
| | - Diangeng Li
- Department of Nephrology, Beijing Chao-yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, China
| | - Zhouxiang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Modern Measurement & Control Technology, and School of Electromechanical Engineering, Beijing Information Science & Technology University, Beijing, 100192, China
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Bouisset N, Nissi J, Laakso I, Reynolds RF, Legros A. Is activation of the vestibular system by electromagnetic induction a possibility in an MRI context? Bioelectromagnetics 2024; 45:171-183. [PMID: 38348647 DOI: 10.1002/bem.22497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
In recent years, an increasing number of studies have discussed the mechanisms of vestibular activation in strong magnetic field settings such as occur in a magnetic resonance imaging scanner environment. Amid the different hypotheses, the Lorentz force explanation currently stands out as the most plausible mechanism, as evidenced by activation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. Other hypotheses have largely been discarded. Nonetheless, both human data and computational modeling suggest that electromagnetic induction could be a valid mechanism which may coexist alongside the Lorentz force. To further investigate the induction hypothesis, we provide, herein, a first of its kind dosimetric analysis to estimate the induced electric fields at the vestibular system and compare them with what galvanic vestibular stimulation would generate. We found that electric fields strengths from induction match galvanic vestibular stimulation strengths generating vestibular responses. This review examines the evidence in support of electromagnetic induction of vestibular responses, and whether movement-induced time-varying magnetic fields should be further considered and investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Bouisset
- Human Threshold Research Group, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Janita Nissi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Ilkka Laakso
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Raymond F Reynolds
- School of Sport, Exercise & Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Alexandre Legros
- Human Threshold Research Group, Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
- School of Kinesiology, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- EuroMov Digital Health in Motion, Univ Montpellier, IMT Mines Ales, Montpellier, France
- Departments of Medical Biophysics and Medical Imaging Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
- Eurostim, Montpellier, France
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Flanagan W, Becraft K, Warren H, Stavrakis AI, Bernthal NM, Hardin TJ, Clites TR. Prosthetic Limb Attachment via Electromagnetic Attraction Through a Closed Skin Envelope. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:1552-1564. [PMID: 38090864 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3342652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Current socket-based methods of prosthetic limb attachment are responsible for many of the dominant problems reported by persons with amputation. In this work, we introduce a new paradigm for attachment via electromagnetic attraction between a bone-anchored ferromagnetic implant and an external electromagnet. Our objective was to develop a design framework for electromagnetic attachment, and to evaluate this framework in the context of transfemoral amputation. METHODS We first used inverse dynamics to calculate the forces required to suspend a knee-ankle-foot prosthesis during gait. We then conducted cadaveric dissections to inform implant geometry and design a surgical methodology for covering the implant. We also developed an in silico framework to investigate how electromagnet design affects system performance. Simulations were validated against benchtop testing of a custom-built electromagnet. RESULTS The physical electromagnet matched simulations, with a root-mean-square percentage error of 4.2% between measured and predicted forces. Using this electromagnet, we estimate that suspension of a prosthesis during gait would require 33 W of average power. After 200 and 1000 steps of simulated walking, the temperature at the skin would increase 2.3 °C and 15.4 °C relative to ambient, respectively. CONCLUSION Our design framework produced an implant and electromagnet that could feasibly suspend a knee-ankle-foot prosthesis during short walking bouts. Future work will focus on optimization of this system to reduce heating during longer bouts. SIGNIFICANCE This work demonstrates the initial feasibility of an electromagnetic prosthetic attachment paradigm that has the potential to increase comfort and improve residual limb health for persons with amputation.
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Olszewski J. Electrical safety assessment of a prototype device for electromagnetic stimulation of the ear in patients with tinnitus. Otolaryngol Pol 2024; 78:50-54. [PMID: 38623855 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0053.9036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
<b><br>Aim:</b> The aim of the study was to evaluate the results of electrical safety results of a prototype electromagnetic ear stimulation device in patients with tinnitus.</br> <b><br>Material and methods:</b> The electrical safety tests of the prototype device for electro- and magnetostimulation of the hearing organ were carried out at the Center for Attestation and Certification Tests in Gliwice. The tests concerned selected parameters including the PN-EN standard.</br> <b><br>Results:</b> Safety studies of the prototype electrical stimulation device for the ear in patients with tinnitus were necessary to perform the planned further preclinical studies. Obtained results regarding: identification and labeling of the device; protection against electric shock; checking protective earthing, functional earthing and potential equalization; checking the leakage current and auxiliary currents of the patient; checking the distances through the solid insulation and the use of thin insulating spacers; checking the electrical strength of the device insulation; checking protection against mechanical hazards of the device; checking the risk associated with surfaces, corners and edges, and checking the protection against excessive temperatures and other threats comply with the standard PN-EN.</br> <b><br>Conclusions:</b> No risk to the patient and medical staff. Tests of protection against mechanical hazards of the device have shown that the only movable part whose contact with the patient could cause an unacceptable risk is the fan installed inside the housing.</br>.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jurek Olszewski
- Clinic of Otolaryngology, Laryngological Oncology, Audiology and Phoniatrics at the 2nd Department of Otolaryngology of the Medical University of Lodz, Department of Polish Dialectology and Logopedics of the University of Lodz, Poland
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8
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Khan RI, McElhinney K, Dickson A, Kileen RP, Murphy C, O'Brien DF. Image-guided orbital surgery: a preclinical validation study using a high-resolution physical model. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2024; 9:e001568. [PMID: 38575345 PMCID: PMC11002346 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-001568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Preclinical validation study to assess the feasibility and accuracy of electromagnetic image-guided systems (EM-IGS) in orbital surgery using high-fidelity physical orbital anatomy simulators. METHODS EM-IGS platform, clinical software, navigation instruments and reference system (StealthStation S8, Medtronic) were evaluated in a mock operating theatre at the Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, a tertiary academic hospital in Dublin, Ireland. Five high-resolution 3D-printed model skulls were created using CT scans of five anonymised patients with an orbital tumour that previously had a successful orbital biopsy or excision. The ability of ophthalmic surgeons to achieve satisfactory system registration in each model was assessed. Subsequently, navigational accuracy was recorded using defined anatomical landmarks as ground truth. Qualitative feedback on the system was also attained. RESULTS Three independent surgeons participated in the study, one junior trainee, one fellow and one consultant. Across models, more senior participants were able to achieve a smaller system-generated registration error in a fewer number of attempts. When assessing navigational accuracy, submillimetre accuracy was achieved for the majority of points (16 landmarks per model, per participant). Qualitative surgeon feedback suggested acceptability of the technology, although interference from mobile phones near the operative field was noted. CONCLUSION This study suggests the feasibility and accuracy of EM-IGS in a preclinical validation study for orbital surgery using patient specific 3D-printed skulls. This preclinical study provides the foundation for clinical studies to explore the safety and effectiveness of this technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizwana I Khan
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Andrew Dickson
- School of Mechanical & Materials Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan P Kileen
- Department of Radiology, St Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Conor Murphy
- Royal Victoria Eye and Ear Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donncha F O'Brien
- RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Trimble EJ, Stewart K, Reinersman JM. Early comparison robotic bronchoscopy versus electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy for biopsy of pulmonary nodules in a thoracic surgery practice. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:149. [PMID: 38564059 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-024-01898-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Pulmonary nodules are frequently encountered in high-risk patients. Often these require biopsy which can be challenging. We relate our experience comparing use of electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy (ENB) to a robotic bronchoscopy system (RB). A retrospective review of patients undergoing bronchoscopic biopsy from 2015 to 2021. The timeframe overlapped with transition from ENB using Veran SPiN system to RB using Ion system by Intuitive. Patient and nodule characteristics were collected. Primary end point was overall diagnostic yield which was defined by pathologic confirmation of malignancy or benign finding. Secondary outcomes included diagnostic yield based on overall size of nodules and need for further work up and testing. 116 patients underwent ENB or RB of 134 nodules. No perioperative complications occurred. Diagnostic yield of ENB was 49.5% (41/91 nodules) versus 86.1% (37/43 nodules) for RB. Average nodule size for ENB was 2.55 cm versus 1.96 cm for RB. When divided based on size, ENB had a 30% diagnostic yield for nodules 1-2 cm (11/37 nodules, mean size 1.46 cm) and 64% yield for nodules 2-3 cm (14/22 nodules, mean size 2.38 cm). RB had an 81% yield for nodules 1-2 cm (mean size 1.41 cm) and 100% yield for nodules 2-3 cm (mean 2.3 cm). RB showed superiority over ENB in early implementation trials for biopsy of suspicious pulmonary nodules. It is a safe technology allowing for increased access to all lung fields and utilization in the thoracic surgical practice will be paramount to advancing the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth J Trimble
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Suite 9000, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - Kenneth Stewart
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Suite 9000, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA
| | - J Matthew Reinersman
- Department of Surgery, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 800 Stanton L. Young Blvd, Suite 9000, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
- Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
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Peker F, Ferhanoğlu O. Active distance control in multi-capsule endoscopy via closed loop electromagnetic force between capsules. Med Biol Eng Comput 2024; 62:1153-1163. [PMID: 38158548 DOI: 10.1007/s11517-023-02997-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Capsule endoscopy offers a non-invasive and patient-friendly method for imaging the gastrointestinal tract, boasting superior tissue accessibility compared to traditional endoscopy and colonoscopy. While advances have led to capsules capable of drug delivery, tactile sensing, and biopsy, size constraints often limit a single capsule from having multifunctionality. In response, we introduce multi-capsule endoscopy, where individually ingested capsules, each with unique functionalities, work collaboratively. However, synchronized navigation of these capsules is essential for this approach. In this paper, we present an active distance control strategy using a closed-loop system. This entails equipping one capsule with a sphere permanent magnet and the other with a solenoid. We utilized a Simulink model, incorporating (i) the peristalsis motion on the primary capsule, (ii) a PID controller, (iii) force dynamics between capsules through magnetic dipole approximation, and (iv) position tracking of the secondary capsule. For practical implementation, Hall effect sensors determined the inter-capsule distance, and a PID controller adjusted the solenoid's current to maintain the desired capsule spacing. Our proof-of-concept experiments, conducted on phantoms and ex vivo bovine tissues, pulled the leading capsule mimicking a typical human peristalsis speed of 1 cm/min. Results showcased an inter-capsule distance of 1.94 mm ± 0.097 mm for radii of curvature at 500 mm, 250 mm, and 100 mm, aiming for a 2-mm capsule spacing. For ex vivo bovine tissue, the achieved distance was 0.97 ± 0.28 mm against a target inter-capsule distance of 1 mm. Through the successful demonstration of precise inter-capsule control, this study paves the way for the potential of multi-capsule endoscopy in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Peker
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Eng., Department of Electronics and Communication Eng., Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey.
| | - Onur Ferhanoğlu
- Faculty of Electrical and Electronics Eng., Department of Electronics and Communication Eng., Istanbul Technical University, Maslak, Istanbul, 34469, Turkey
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Abalymov A, Kurochkin MA, German S, Komlev A, Vavaev ES, Lyubin EV, Fedyanin AA, Gorin D, Novoselova M. Functionalization and magnetonavigation of T-lymphocytes functionalized via nanocomposite capsules targeting with electromagnetic tweezers. Nanomedicine 2024; 57:102742. [PMID: 38460654 DOI: 10.1016/j.nano.2024.102742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Modification of T-lymphocytes, which are capable of paracellular transmigration is a promising trend in modern personalized medicine. However, the delivery of required concentrations of functionalized T-cells to the target tissues remains a problem. We describe a novel method to functionalize T-cells with magnetic nanocapsules and target them with electromagnetic tweezers. T-cells were modified with the following magnetic capsules: Parg/DEX (150 nm), BSA/TA (300 nm), and BSA/TA (500 nm). T-cells were magnetonavigated in a phantom blood vessel capillary in cultural medium and in whole blood. The permeability of tumor tissues to captured T-cells was analyzed by magnetic delivery of modified T-cells to spheroids formed from 4T1 breast cancer cells. The dynamics of T-cell motion under a magnetic field gradient in model environments were analyzed by particle image velocimetry. The magnetic properties of the nanocomposite capsules and magnetic T-cells were measured. The obtained results are promising for biomedical applications in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anatolii Abalymov
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia; Science Medical Center, Saratov State University, 410012 Saratov, Russia.
| | | | - Sergei German
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
| | - Aleksei Komlev
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Dmitry Gorin
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow 121205, Russia
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Rué‐Queralt J, Fluhr H, Tourbier S, Aleman‐Gómez Y, Pascucci D, Yerly J, Glomb K, Plomp G, Hagmann P. Connectome spectrum electromagnetic tomography: A method to reconstruct electrical brain source networks at high-spatial resolution. Hum Brain Mapp 2024; 45:e26638. [PMID: 38520365 PMCID: PMC10960556 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Connectome spectrum electromagnetic tomography (CSET) combines diffusion MRI-derived structural connectivity data with well-established graph signal processing tools to solve the M/EEG inverse problem. Using simulated EEG signals from fMRI responses, and two EEG datasets on visual-evoked potentials, we provide evidence supporting that (i) CSET captures realistic neurophysiological patterns with better accuracy than state-of-the-art methods, (ii) CSET can reconstruct brain responses more accurately and with more robustness to intrinsic noise in the EEG signal. These results demonstrate that CSET offers high spatio-temporal accuracy, enabling neuroscientists to extend their research beyond the current limitations of low sampling frequency in functional MRI and the poor spatial resolution of M/EEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Rué‐Queralt
- Department of RadiologyLausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV‐UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
- Center for ImagingEPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Hugo Fluhr
- Department of RadiologyLausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV‐UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Sebastien Tourbier
- Department of RadiologyLausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV‐UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
| | - Yasser Aleman‐Gómez
- Department of RadiologyLausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV‐UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
- Department of PsychiatryLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
| | | | - Jérôme Yerly
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional RadiologyLausanne University HospitalLausanneSwitzerland
- Center for Biomedical ImagingEPFLLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Katharina Glomb
- Department of NeurologyCharité University Medicine Berlin and Berlin Institute of HealthBerlinGermany
| | - Gijs Plomp
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of FribourgFribourgSwitzerland
| | - Patric Hagmann
- Department of RadiologyLausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne (CHUV‐UNIL)LausanneSwitzerland
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Greco A, Smith CB, Shi X, Postigo M. Single Institution Evaluation of Electromagnetic Navigation Bronchoscopy for Diagnosis of Pulmonary Lesions. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2024; 31:139-145. [PMID: 38014891 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) utilizes three-dimensional reconstructions based on computed tomography to guide the biopsy of pulmonary lesions. Various limitations have been described; however, supporting data have been limited by small sample sizes. METHODS Cases of ENB for evaluation of a pulmonary lesion at a single institution during a 1-year span were reviewed for demographics, lesion location, procedural details, and final tissue diagnosis. ENB was performed by 3 pulmonologists using the Veran platform with rapid on-site evaluation. T test or Mann-Whitney U test compared continuous variables and χ 2 or Fisher exact test compared categorical variables as appropriate. A patient with a negative or inconclusive biopsy was followed for 1 year postprocedure. RESULTS A total of 107 pulmonary lesions were evaluated. The population studied had a mean age of 67 and a median pulmonary lesion size of 26.0 mm. For malignant lesions, the pathologic diagnostic yield from ENB was 52.1% (37/71). The diagnostic yield of benign lesions was much lower at 16.7% (6/36). The overall procedural complication rate was 8.4% (9/107). Complications were more likely to occur in patients with malignant lesions. The most common complication was pneumothorax, occurring in 5.6% of all biopsies and 7.0% of patients with malignant lesions. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates significant differences in diagnostic accuracy between lesions found to be malignant versus benign. Our observed complication rate was slightly higher than other groups have reported, with a greater frequency occurring in patients with malignant lesions; however, the rate of pneumothorax was still lower than computed tomography-guided transcutaneous biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Greco
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, MercyOne Des Moines Medical Center, IA
| | | | - Xiaosong Shi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, KS
| | - Maykol Postigo
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University of Kansas Health System, KS
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Liu Y, Zhao X, Liu Z, Sun B, Liu X, Zhao R, Liu B, Sun Z, Men Y, Hu W, Shao ZB. Functionalized lignin nanoparticles assembled with MXene reinforced polypropylene with favorable UV-aging resistance, electromagnetic shielding effects and superior fire-safety. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 265:130957. [PMID: 38499121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Deterioration in mechanical performances and aging resistance due to the introduction of flame retardants is a major obstacle for bio-based fire-safety polypropylene (PP). Herein, we reported a kind of functionalized lignin nanoparticles assembled with MXene (MX@LNP), and applied it to construct the flame-retardant PP composites (PP-MA) with superior fire safety, excellent mechanical performance, electromagnetic shielding effects and aging resistance. Specifically, the PP-MA doped with only 18 wt% flame-retardant additives (PP-MA18) achieved the UL-94 V-0 rating. In comparison to pure PP, PP-MA18 presented a greatly decreased peak of heat release rate (pHRR), total heat rate (THR), and peak smoke production rate (pSPR) by 79.7 %, 69.0 % and 75.8 %, respectively, and satisfactory decrease in total flammable and toxic volatiles evolved. The formed fine solid microstructure of carbon residuals effectively promoted the compactness of char layers. More importantly, the nano-effect and the strong interface interaction between the complexed MX@LNP and PP enhanced the tensile strength (45.78 MPa) and elongation at break (725.95 %) of PP-MA. Additionally, the significant ultraviolet absorption and electromagnetic wave dissipation performance of MXene and lignin enabled excellent aging resistance and electromagnetic shielding effects of PP-MA compared with PP. This achieved MX@LNP afforded a novel approach for developing flame retardant materials with excellent application performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiaojie Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Zechi Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Benhui Sun
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Xiaobo Liu
- Changyuan Electronics (Dongguan) Co., Ltd., Baopi Industrial District, Fumin Industrial Park 2# Dalang, Dongguan 523770, PR China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China
| | - Baijun Liu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Jilin University, 2699 Qianjin Street, Changchun 130012, PR China
| | - Zhaoyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Yongfeng Men
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 5625 Renmin Street, Changchun 130022, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, 5268 Renmin Street, Changchun 130024, PR China.
| | - Zhu-Bao Shao
- Institute of Functional Textiles and Advanced Materials, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Fire-Safety Materials D & A (Shandong), College of Textiles and Clothing, Qingdao University, Ningxia Road, 308, Qingdao 266071, PR China.
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15
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Zolotukhin DB, Horkowitz A, Keidar M. Electromagnetic Nature of Distant Interaction of the Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Discharge Tube with Glioblastoma Cancer Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:13597-13610. [PMID: 38453642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure coaxial gaseous discharge tubes (DTs) with helium have demonstrated potential for in vitro inactivation or sensitization of glioblastoma cancer cells. Here, we study the effect of two configurations of the DT electrode system on its electromagnetic emissivity as well as other physical factors (heating and UV emission) that form in the vicinity of this device. We demonstrate that the configuration of the DT electrodes that concentrates the discharge streamers near the top of the device has a distant (cm scale) deactivation effect on U87-MG glioblastoma cancer cells when irradiated, without measurable UV components in the DT optical emission spectra. This effect persists even through different barriers such as glass, plastic, or quartz Petri dishes but is eliminated when glass or plastic dishes are filled with water. These findings demonstrate the potential for development of noninvasive, physical-based treatment methods of deep-tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Zolotukhin
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
- Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, 40 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Alex Horkowitz
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Michael Keidar
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
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16
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Dai J, Xia X, Zhang D, He S, Wan D, Chen F, Zi Y. High-performance self-desalination powered by triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator. Water Res 2024; 252:121185. [PMID: 38295459 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2024.121185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Freshwater is an essential resource in today's world, and how to produce freshwater with low or even zero power consumption is a major challenge. Here, a desalination system powered by a triboelectric-electromagnetic hybrid nanogenerator (TEHG) is presented, which can utilize the water's own energy to remove the salt ions from itself, demonstrating a new concept of "self-desalination". At a relatively low rotation speed of 150 rpm, the system can dilute NaCl brine from 4000 ppm to 145 ppm with a high salt removal rate of 147.1 μg cm-2 min-1 and a freshwater productivity of up to 31.1 L m-2 h-1. The actual seawater can also be treated with a total ion removal efficiency of 99.6 % and a freshwater productivity of 2.7 L m-2 h-1, which is superior to other renewable-energy-powered desalination systems. More importantly, fully self-powered desalination process can be realized by manual cranking and hydrokinetic energy impact, both of which are capable of treating 1000 ppm salt feed to the drinking water level. The TEHG-powered desalination system not only provides excellent desalination performance but also addresses the challenges of power consumption and limited capacity, which offers a completely new paradigm of "self-desalination".
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinhong Dai
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Xin Xia
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Dian Zhang
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Shaoshuai He
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Dong Wan
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China
| | - Fuming Chen
- School of Electronics and Information Engineering, South China Normal University, Foshan 528225, China.
| | - Yunlong Zi
- Thrust of Sustainable Energy and Environment, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China; Guangzhou HKUST Fok Ying Tung Research Institute, Nansha, Guangzhou, Guangdong 511400, China; HKUST Shenzhen-Hong Kong Collaborative Innovation Research Institute, Futian, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
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17
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Porat A, Tekinalp A, Bhosale Y, Gazzola M, Meroz Y. On the mechanical origins of waving, coiling and skewing in Arabidopsis thaliana roots. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312761121. [PMID: 38446852 PMCID: PMC10945788 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312761121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
By masterfully balancing directed growth and passive mechanics, plant roots are remarkably capable of navigating complex heterogeneous environments to find resources. Here, we present a theoretical and numerical framework which allows us to interrogate and simulate the mechanical impact of solid interfaces on the growth pattern of plant organs. We focus on the well-known waving, coiling, and skewing patterns exhibited by roots of Arabidopsis thaliana when grown on inclined surfaces, serving as a minimal model of the intricate interplay with solid substrates. By modeling growing slender organs as Cosserat rods that mechanically interact with the environment, our simulations verify hypotheses of waving and coiling arising from the combination of active gravitropism and passive root-plane responses. Skewing is instead related to intrinsic twist due to cell file rotation. Numerical investigations are outfitted with an analytical framework that consistently relates transitions between straight, waving, coiling, and skewing patterns with substrate tilt angle. Simulations are found to corroborate theory and recapitulate a host of reported experimental observations, thus providing a systematic approach for studying in silico plant organs behavior in relation to their environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Porat
- Department of Condensed Matter, School of Physics and Astronomy, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- Center for Physics, Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
| | - Arman Tekinalp
- Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Yashraj Bhosale
- Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Mattia Gazzola
- Mechanical Sciences and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, IL61801
| | - Yasmine Meroz
- Center for Physics, Chemistry of Living Systems, Tel-Aviv University, Tel Aviv69978, Israel
- Faculty of Life Sciences, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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18
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Vidjak K, Farina L, Challapalli RS, Quinn AM, O'Halloran M, Lowery A, Ruvio G, Cavagnaro M. Histology-validated electromagnetic characterization of ex-vivo ovine lung tissue for microwave-based medical applications. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5940. [PMID: 38467672 PMCID: PMC10928158 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55035-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Microwave thermal ablation is an established therapeutic technique for treating malignant tissue in various organs. Its success greatly depends on the knowledge of dielectric properties of the targeted tissue and on how they change during the treatment. Innovation in lung navigation has recently increased the clinical interest in the transbronchial microwave ablation treatment of lung cancer. However, lung tissue is not largely characterized, thus its dielectric properties investigation prior and post ablation is key. In this work, dielectric properties of ex-vivo ovine lung parenchyma untreated and ablated at 2.45 GHz were recorded in the 0.5-8 GHz frequency range. The measured dielectric properties were fitted to 2-pole Cole-Cole relaxation model and the obtained model parameters were compared. Based on observed changes in the model parameters, the physical changes of the tissue post-ablation were discussed and validated through histology analysis. Additionally, to investigate the link of achieved results with the rate of heating, another two sets of samples, originating from both ovine and porcine tissues, were heated with a microwave oven for different times and at different powers. Dielectric properties were measured in the same frequency range. It was found that lung tissue experiences a different behavior according to heating rates: its dielectric properties increase post-ablation while a decrease is found for low rates of heating. It is hypothesized, and validated by histology, that during ablation, although the tissue is losing water, the air cavities deform, lowering air content and increasing the resulting tissue properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klementina Vidjak
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Ritihaas Surya Challapalli
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Anne Marie Quinn
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, University Hospital Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Martin O'Halloran
- Translational Medical Device Lab, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aoife Lowery
- Discipline of Surgery, Lambe Institute for Translational Research, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Marta Cavagnaro
- Department of Information Engineering, Electronics, and Telecommunications, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
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19
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Abbosh A, Bialkowski K, Guo L, Al-Saffar A, Zamani A, Trakic A, Brankovic A, Bialkowski A, Zhu G, Cook D, Crozier S. Clinical electromagnetic brain scanner. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5760. [PMID: 38459073 PMCID: PMC10923816 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55360-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Stroke is a leading cause of death and disability worldwide, and early diagnosis and prompt medical intervention are thus crucial. Frequent monitoring of stroke patients is also essential to assess treatment efficacy and detect complications earlier. While computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are commonly used for stroke diagnosis, they cannot be easily used onsite, nor for frequent monitoring purposes. To meet those requirements, an electromagnetic imaging (EMI) device, which is portable, non-invasive, and non-ionizing, has been developed. It uses a headset with an antenna array that irradiates the head with a safe low-frequency EM field and captures scattered fields to map the brain using a complementary set of physics-based and data-driven algorithms, enabling quasi-real-time detection, two-dimensional localization, and classification of strokes. This study reports clinical findings from the first time the device was used on stroke patients. The clinical results on 50 patients indicate achieving an overall accuracy of 98% in classification and 80% in two-dimensional quadrant localization. With its lightweight design and potential for use by a single para-medical staff at the point of care, the device can be used in intensive care units, emergency departments, and by paramedics for onsite diagnosis.
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Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
- CRC-P60941 Australian Department of Industry, Innovation and Science, Cooperative Research Centres Projects (CRC-P) Grants
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Abbosh
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia.
| | - Konstanty Bialkowski
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Lei Guo
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Ahmed Al-Saffar
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Ali Zamani
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Adnan Trakic
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Aida Brankovic
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Alina Bialkowski
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Guohun Zhu
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - David Cook
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
| | - Stuart Crozier
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD4072, Australia
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20
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Rassweiler JJ, Scheitlin W, Goezen AS, Radecke F. Long-term experiences with high-energy shock wave therapy in the management chronic phase Peyronie's disease using two different electromagnetic lithotripters. World J Urol 2024; 42:124. [PMID: 38453751 PMCID: PMC10920406 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-024-04792-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy represents one option for the non-surgical management of Peyronie's disease. Despite promising results, several questions are still pending. We want to present the long-term results of a retrospective study using high-energy extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS We evaluated retrospectively 110 patients treated between 1996 and 2020 at the Department of Urology, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn for chronic phase Peyronie's disease using two electromagnetic lithotripters (Siemens Lithostar Plus Overhead Module, Siemens Lithoskop) applying high-energy shock waves under local anesthesia and sonographic or fluoroscopic control. A standardized questionnaire focused on the change in pain, curvature, sexual function and the need of penile surgery. RESULTS In 85 of the 110 patients (mean age 54 years) we had sufficient data for evaluation. The median follow-up was 228 (6-288) months. There were no significant complications. Pain reduction was achieved in all patients, 65 (76%) patients were free of pain. Improvement of penile curvature was achieved in 43 patients (51%) ranging from 25% improvement (deflected angle < 30°) to 95% (angle 30-60°). 59 patients (69%) reported problems with sexual intercourse, 40 of those (68%) reported improvement. Only 9 (10.5%) patients underwent surgical correction. We did not observe any significant differences between both electromagnetic devices with stable long-term results. CONCLUSIONS High-energy shock wave therapy delivered by two standard electromagnetic lithotripters is safe and efficient providing stable long-term results. In cases with significant plaque formation, the concept of high-energy ESWT should be considered in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens J Rassweiler
- Chair of Urology and Andrology, Danube Private University, Steiner Landstraße 124, 3500, Krems-Stein, Austria.
| | - W Scheitlin
- Department of Urology, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn, Germany
| | - A S Goezen
- Department of Urology Medius-Kliniken Ruit, University of Tübingen, Ostfildern-Ruit, Germany
| | - F Radecke
- Department of Urology, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Heilbronn, Germany
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21
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Wang S, Yang J, Luo S, Geng J, Ren Y, Zhao L, Liu M, Wang D, Li Y, Tian Z, Liu W, Zhou G, Dai H. The accuracy of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy compared to fluoroscopy in navigation of transbronchial lung cryobiopsy in patients with interstitial lung disease. BMC Pulm Med 2024; 24:108. [PMID: 38438922 PMCID: PMC10910665 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-024-02925-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Safely implementing transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBLC) in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD) requires accurate navigation. Traditional fluoroscopy falls short in reducing the risk of post-procedure pneumothorax. The potential of electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) as a more precise navigation method warrants further exploration. METHODS A prospective cohort study was conducted on ILD patients undergoing TBLC. Patients were assigned either fluoroscopy or ENB for cryoprobe positioning. Navigation accuracy was evaluated using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images as the standard. Safety and diagnostic yield were also observed. RESULTS Seventeen patients underwent TBLC, with 10 guided by fluoroscopy and seven by ENB. Fluoroscopy-guided cryoprobe navigation required more adjustments [9/15 (60%) v.s. 1/9 (11%), p = 0.018] for subsequent TBLC compared to ENB, as confirmed by CBCT images. Clinical characteristics, post-procedure complications, and biopsy specimen size showed no significant differences between the groups. Fourteen patients obtained a pathological diagnosis, and 15 received a multidisciplinary discussion (MDD) diagnosis. In the fluoroscopy group, three patients failed to obtain a pathological diagnosis, and two failed to obtain an MDD diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS ENB demonstrates significantly superior accuracy in TBLC navigation compared to traditional fluoroscopy when CBCT images are used as a reference. Further studies are necessary to determine the value of ENB in TBLC navigation for ILD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyao Wang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jinmi Yang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region People's Hospital, Hohhot, 010017, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China
| | - Sa Luo
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Geng
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Yanhong Ren
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Radiology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Wang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Tian
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China
| | - Guowu Zhou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China.
| | - Huaping Dai
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, #2 Yinghuayuan East Street, 100029, Beijing, China.
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Graeme-Drury TJ, Worthen SF, Maden M, Raphael JH, Khan S, Vreugdenhil M, Duarte RV. Contact Heat in Magnetoencephalography: A Systematic Review. Can J Neurol Sci 2024; 51:179-186. [PMID: 36803520 DOI: 10.1017/cjn.2023.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Contact heat is commonly used in experimental research to evoke brain activity, most frequently acquired with electroencephalography (EEG). Although magnetoencephalography (MEG) improves spatial resolution, using some contact heat stimulators with MEG can present methodological challenges. This systematic review assesses studies that utilise contact heat in MEG, their findings and possible directions for further research. METHODS Eight electronic databases were searched for relevant studies, in addition to the selected papers' reference lists, citations and ConnectedPapers maps. Best practice recommendations for systematic reviews were followed. Papers met inclusion criteria if they used MEG to record brain activity in conjunction with contact heat, regardless of stimulator equipment or paradigm. RESULTS Of 646 search results, seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Studies demonstrated effective electromagnetic artefact removal from MEG data, the ability to elicit affective anticipation and differences in deep brain stimulation responders. We identify contact heat stimulus parameters that should be reported in publications to ensure comparisons between data outcomes are consistent. CONCLUSIONS Contact heat is a viable alternative to laser or electrical stimulation in experimental research, and methods exist to successfully mitigate any electromagnetic noise generated by PATHWAY CHEPS equipment - though there is a dearth of literature exploring the post-stimulus time window.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Siân F Worthen
- Aston Institute of Health and Neurodevelopment, Birmingham, UK
| | - Michelle Maden
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jon H Raphael
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | - Salim Khan
- School of Health Sciences, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Rui V Duarte
- Liverpool Reviews and Implementation Group; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
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Bondue B, Leduc D. [Electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy guided micro-wave ablation: A new loco-regional therapy for pulmonary malignancy]. Rev Mal Respir 2024; 41:175-179. [PMID: 38429193 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2024.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- B Bondue
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital universitaire de Bruxelles, hôpital Erasme, université libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgique.
| | - D Leduc
- Service de pneumologie, hôpital universitaire de Bruxelles, hôpital Erasme, université libre de Bruxelles, 808 route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgique
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24
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Yang N, Jin Y, Zhou Y, Zhou X. Physicochemical characterization of pectin extracted from mandarin peels using novel electromagnetic heat. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130212. [PMID: 38365142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
A novel electromagnetic heat extraction method was presented, whereby mandarin peels residue solution was located in a winding coil subjected to an oscillating magnetic field, and the pectin was extracted under appropriate conditions. Numerical relationships between applied magnetic field and induced electric field (IEF) in the extraction process were elaborated. The results showed that the induced current density, IEF and terminal temperature increased with increasing magnetic field. The maximum current density of 0.35 A/cm corresponds to the highest terminal temperature of 84.6 °C and IEF intensity of 26.6 V/cm. When magnetic field intensity was 1.39 T and the extraction time was 15 min, the maximum yield of pectin reached 9.16 %. In addition, all treatments impacted the ash content, protein content, water-holding capacity (WHC), and oil-holding capacity (OHC) of the obtained pectin. The pectin extracted by electromagnetic heat had the lowest DE value of 71.3 % with 126.55 kDa molecular weight, while the GalA content was at the highest level of 76.18 %. After different treatments, the composition of pectin monosaccharides changed, but there were slight differences in the composition of pectin polysaccharides. Moreover, the electromagnetic heat extracted pectin had light color and an obvious surface fragmentation of the peel residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Yamei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
| | - Yuyi Zhou
- INDUC Scientific Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214000, PR China
| | - Xiaoqun Zhou
- INDUC Scientific Co., Ltd., Wuxi 214000, PR China
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Brekken R, Hofstad EF, Solberg OV, Tangen GA, Leira HO, Gruionu L, Langø T. Accuracy of instrument tip position using fiber optic shape sensing for navigated bronchoscopy. Med Eng Phys 2024; 125:104116. [PMID: 38508792 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2024.104116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of a method for estimating the tip position of a fiber optic shape-sensing (FOSS) integrated instrument being inserted through a bronchoscope. A modified guidewire with a multicore optical fiber was inserted into the working channel of a custom-made catheter with three electromagnetic (EM) sensors. The displacement between the instruments was manually set, and a point-based method was applied to match the position of the EM sensors to corresponding points on the shape. The accuracy was evaluated in a realistic bronchial model. An additional EM sensor was used to sample the tip of the guidewire, and the absolute deviation between this position and the estimated tip position was calculated. For small displacements between the tip of the FOSS integrated tool and the catheter, the median deviation in estimated tip position was ≤5 mm. For larger displacements, deviations exceeding 10 mm were observed. The deviations increased when the shape sensor had sharp curvatures relative to more straight shapes. The method works well for clinically relevant displacements of a biopsy tool from the bronchoscope tip, and when the path to the lesion has limited curvatures. However, improvements must be made to our configuration before pursuing further clinical testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reidar Brekken
- SINTEF Digital, Department of Health Research, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian National Research Centre for Minimally Invasive and Image-guided Diagnostics and Therapy, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Erlend Fagertun Hofstad
- SINTEF Digital, Department of Health Research, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian National Research Centre for Minimally Invasive and Image-guided Diagnostics and Therapy, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ole Vegard Solberg
- SINTEF Digital, Department of Health Research, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian National Research Centre for Minimally Invasive and Image-guided Diagnostics and Therapy, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Geir Arne Tangen
- SINTEF Digital, Department of Health Research, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian National Research Centre for Minimally Invasive and Image-guided Diagnostics and Therapy, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håkon Olav Leira
- Norwegian National Research Centre for Minimally Invasive and Image-guided Diagnostics and Therapy, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Thoracic Medicine, St Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lucian Gruionu
- Faculty of Mechanics, University of Craiova, Craiova, Romania
| | - Thomas Langø
- SINTEF Digital, Department of Health Research, Trondheim, Norway; Norwegian National Research Centre for Minimally Invasive and Image-guided Diagnostics and Therapy, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
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Gapais PF, Luong M, Nizery F, Maitre G, Giacomini E, Guillot J, Vignaud A, Berrahou D, Dubois M, Abdeddaim R, Georget E, Hosseinnezhadian S, Amadon A. Efficiently building receive arrays with electromagnetic simulations and additive manufacturing: A two-layer, 32-channel prototype for 7T brain MRI. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:1254-1267. [PMID: 37986237 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We propose a comprehensive workflow to design and build fully customized dense receive arrays for MRI, providing prediction of SNR and g-factor. Combined with additive manufacturing, this method allows an efficient implementation for any arbitrary loop configuration. To demonstrate the methodology, an innovative two-layer, 32-channel receive array is proposed. METHODS The design workflow is based on numerical simulations using a commercial 3D electromagnetic software associated with circuit model co-simulations to provide the most accurate results in an efficient time. A model to compute the noise covariance matrix from circuit model scattering parameters is proposed. A 32-channel receive array at 7 T is simulated and fabricated with a two-layer design made of non-geometrically decoupled loops. Decoupling between loops is achieved using home-built direct high-impedance preamplifiers. The loops are 3D-printed with a new additive manufacturing technique to speed up integration while preserving the detailed geometry as simulated. The SNR and parallel-imaging performances of the proposed design are compared with a commercial coil, and in vivo images are acquired. RESULTS The comparison of SNR and g-factors showed a good agreement between simulations and measurements. Experimental values are comparable with the ones measured on the commercial coil. Preliminary in vivo images also ensured the absence of any unexpected artifacts. CONCLUSION A new design and performance analysis workflow is proposed and tested with a non-conventional 32-channel prototype at 7 T. Additive manufacturing of dense arrays of loops for brain imaging at ultrahigh field is validated for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul-François Gapais
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Joliot, NeuroSpin, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Multiwave Imaging SAS, Marseille, France
| | - Michel Luong
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Irfu, DACM, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - François Nizery
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Irfu, LCAP, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Gabriel Maitre
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Irfu, LCAP, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Giacomini
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Joliot, NeuroSpin, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Jules Guillot
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Joliot, NeuroSpin, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Alexandre Vignaud
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Joliot, NeuroSpin, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | | | - Redha Abdeddaim
- Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, Institut Fresnel, Marseille, France
| | | | | | - Alexis Amadon
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, CNRS, Joliot, NeuroSpin, BAOBAB, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Wartman WA, Weise K, Rachh M, Morales L, Deng ZD, Nummenmaa A, Makaroff SN. An adaptive h-refinement method for the boundary element fast multipole method for quasi-static electromagnetic modeling. Phys Med Biol 2024; 69:055030. [PMID: 38316038 PMCID: PMC10902857 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Objective.In our recent work pertinent to modeling of brain stimulation and neurophysiological recordings, substantial modeling errors in the computed electric field and potential have sometimes been observed for standard multi-compartment head models. The goal of this study is to quantify those errors and, further, eliminate them through an adaptive mesh refinement (AMR) algorithm. The study concentrates on transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), transcranial electrical stimulation (TES), and electroencephalography (EEG) forward problems.Approach.We propose, describe, and systematically investigate an AMR method using the boundary element method with fast multipole acceleration (BEM-FMM) as the base numerical solver. The goal is to efficiently allocate additional unknowns to critical areas of the model, where they will best improve solution accuracy. The implemented AMR method's accuracy improvement is measured on head models constructed from 16 Human Connectome Project subjects under problem classes of TES, TMS, and EEG. Errors are computed between three solutions: an initial non-adaptive solution, a solution found after applying AMR with a conservative refinement rate, and a 'silver-standard' solution found by subsequent 4:1 global refinement of the adaptively-refined model.Main results.Excellent agreement is shown between the adaptively-refined and silver-standard solutions for standard head models. AMR is found to be vital for accurate modeling of TES and EEG forward problems for standard models: an increase of less than 25% (on average) in number of mesh elements for these problems, efficiently allocated by AMR, exposes electric field/potential errors exceeding 60% (on average) in the solution for the unrefined models.Significance.This error has especially important implications for TES dosing prediction-where the stimulation strength plays a central role-and for EEG lead fields. Though the specific form of the AMR method described here is implemented for the BEM-FMM, we expect that AMR is applicable and even required for accurate electromagnetic simulations by other numerical modeling packages as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- William A Wartman
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Inst., Worcester, MA 01609 United States of America
| | - Konstantin Weise
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Stephanstr. 1a, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, DNK-8200, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Manas Rachh
- Center for Computational Mathematics, Flatiron Institute, New York, NY 10012, United States of America
| | - Leah Morales
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Inst., Worcester, MA 01609 United States of America
| | - Zhi-De Deng
- Computational Neurostimulation Research Program, Noninvasive Neuromodulation Unit, Experimental Therapeutics & Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Aapo Nummenmaa
- Athinoula A. Martinos Ctr. for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 United States of America
| | - Sergey N Makaroff
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Worcester Polytechnic Inst., Worcester, MA 01609 United States of America
- Athinoula A. Martinos Ctr. for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA 02129 United States of America
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28
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Tienkamp TB, Rebernik T, Halpern BM, van Son RJJH, Wieling M, Witjes MJH, de Visscher SAHJ, Abur D. Quantifying Articulatory Working Space in Individuals Surgically Treated for Oral Cancer With Electromagnetic Articulography. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2024; 67:384-399. [PMID: 38289853 DOI: 10.1044/2023_jslhr-23-00111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to quantify sentence-level articulatory kinematics in individuals treated for oral squamous cell carcinoma (ITOC) compared to control speakers while also assessing the effect of treatment site (jaw vs. tongue). Furthermore, this study aimed to assess the relation between articulatory-kinematic measures and self-reported speech problems. METHOD Articulatory-kinematic data from the tongue tip, tongue back, and jaw were collected using electromagnetic articulography in nine Dutch ITOC and eight control speakers. To quantify articulatory kinematics, the two-dimensional articulatory working space (AWS; in mm2), one-dimensional anteroposterior range of motion (AP-ROM; in mm), and superior-inferior range of motion (SI-ROM in mm) were calculated and examined. Self-reported speech problems were assessed with the Speech Handicap Index (SHI). RESULTS Compared to a sex-matched control group, ITOC showed significantly smaller AWS, AP-ROM, and SI-ROM for both the tongue tip and tongue back sensor, but no significant differences were observed for the jaw sensor. This pattern was found for both individuals treated for tongue and jaw tumors. Moderate nonsignificant correlations were found between the SHI and the AWS of the tongue back and jaw sensors. CONCLUSIONS Despite large individual variation, ITOC showed reduced one- and two-dimensional tongue, but not jaw, movements compared to control speakers and treatment for tongue and jaw tumors resulted in smaller tongue movements. A larger sample size is needed to establish a more generalizable connection between the AWS and the SHI. Further research should explore how these kinematic changes in ITOC are related to acoustic and perceptual measures of speech.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas B Tienkamp
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Teja Rebernik
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bence M Halpern
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Multimedia Computing Group, Delft University of Technology, the Netherlands
| | - Rob J J H van Son
- Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Wieling
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Haskins Laboratories, New Haven, CT
| | - Max J H Witjes
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Defne Abur
- Center for Language and Cognition Groningen, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
- Research School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences, University of Groningen, the Netherlands
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De Bari B, Guibert G, Slimani S, Bashar Y, Risse T, Guisolan N, Trouillot J, Abel J, Weber P. Electromagnetic Transmitter-Based Prostate Gating for Dose-Escalated Linac-Based Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy: An Evaluation of Intrafraction Motion. Curr Oncol 2024; 31:962-974. [PMID: 38392066 PMCID: PMC10887766 DOI: 10.3390/curroncol31020072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy (SBRT) is as a standard treatment for prostate cancer (PCa). Tight margins and high dose gradients are needed, and the precise localization of the target is mandatory. Our retrospective study reports our experience regarding the evaluation of intrafraction prostate motion during LINAC-based SBRT evaluated with a novel electromagnetic (EM) tracking device. This device consists of an integrated Foley catheter with a transmitter connected to a receiver placed on the treatment table. METHODS We analyzed 31 patients who received LINAC-based SBRT using flattening filter-free (FFF) volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). The patients were scheduled to be treated for primary (n = 27) or an intraprostatic recurrent PCa (n = 4). A simulation CT scan was conducted while the patients had a filled bladder (100-150 cc) and an empty rectum, and an EM tracking device was used. The same rectal and bladder conditions were employed during the treatment. The patients received 36.25 Gy delivered over five consecutive fractions on the whole prostate and 40 Gy on the nodule(s) visible via MRI, both delivered with a Simultaneous Integrated Boost approach. The CTV-to-PTV margin was 2 mm for both the identified treatment volumes. Patient positioning was verified with XVI ConeBeam-CT (CBCT) matching before each fraction. When the signals exceeded a 2 mm threshold in any of the three spatial directions, the treatment was manually interrupted. A new XVI CBCT was performed if this offset lasted >20 s. RESULTS We analyzed data about 155 fractions. The median and mean treatment times, calculated per fraction, were 10 m31 s and 12 m44 s (range: 6 m36 s-65 m28 s), and 95% of the fractions were delivered with a maximum time of 27 m48 s. During treatment delivery, the mean and median number of XVI CBCT operations realized during the treatment were 2 and 1 (range: 0-11). During the treatment, the prostate was outside the CTV-to-PTV margin (2 mm), thus necessitating the stoppage of the delivery +/- a reacquisition of the XVI CBCT for 11.2%, 8.9%, and 3.9% of the delivery time in the vertical, longitudinal, and lateral direction, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We easily integrated an EM-transmitter-based gating for prostate LINAC-based SBRT into our normal daily workflow. Using this system, a 2 mm CTV-to-PTV margin could be safely applied. A small number of fractions showed a motion exceeding the predefined 2 mm threshold, which would have otherwise gone undetected without intrafraction motion management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berardino De Bari
- Radiation Oncology Department, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland (N.G.)
| | - Geoffroy Guibert
- Medical Physics Department, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland
| | - Sabrine Slimani
- Radiation Oncology Department, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland (N.G.)
| | - Yanes Bashar
- Radiation Oncology Department, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland (N.G.)
| | - Terence Risse
- Medical Physics Department, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Guisolan
- Radiation Oncology Department, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland (N.G.)
| | - Juliane Trouillot
- Radiation Oncology Department, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland (N.G.)
| | - Jonathan Abel
- Radiation Oncology Department, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland (N.G.)
| | - Patrick Weber
- Medical Physics Department, Réseau Hospitalier Neuchâtelois, CH-2300 La Chaux-de-Fond, Switzerland
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Xue D, Dai X, Zhao J, Zhang J, Liu H, Liu K, Xu T, Gu C, Zhou X, Jiang T. Therapeutic drug monitoring mediated by the cooperative chemical and electromagnetic effects of Ti 3C 2T X modified with Ag nanocubes. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 245:115844. [PMID: 38000309 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
It is pivotal for the credible utilization of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) technique in clinical drug monitoring to exploit versatile substrates with dependable quantitative detection and robust recognition abilities. Herein, a commendable electromagnetic-chemical dual-enhancement SERS substrate dependent on Ti3C2TX and Ag nanocubes (Ag NCs) was fabricated for the precise quantification of ritonavir and ibrutinib in serum. Specifically, it was revealed that numerous electromagnetic "hotspots" emerged nearby the extremely tiny nanogaps among the intimately clustered Ag NCs, which also acted as optimal channels to facilitate effective photo-induced charge transfer (PICT) between the two-dimensional Ti3C2TX matrix and target molecules. The cooperation between electromagnetic and chemical effects yielded a satisfactory enhancement factor (EF) of 4.77 × 107 for the composite substrate. Benefiting from the remarkable sensitivity of the Ti3C2TX/Ag NCs composite substrate, the low limit of detection (LOD) at 10-6 mg/mL was successfully attained, along with exceptional recoveries of exceeding 90% for ritonavir and ibrutinib in serum. Considering its reliability and simplicity, our strategy holds immense promise for its utilization in efficient monitoring and identification of clinical blood drug concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Xue
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xing Dai
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jialong Zhao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Jiayao Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Kui Liu
- Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315800, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Tao Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315010, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Chenjie Gu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China; Ningbo Institute of Oceanography, Ningbo, 315800, Zhejiang, PR China
| | - Xingfei Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China.
| | - Tao Jiang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, Zhejiang, PR China.
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31
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Gomez-Sarmiento IN, Tho D, Dürrbeck C, de Jager W, Laurendeau D, Beaulieu L. Accuracy of an electromagnetic tracking enabled afterloader based on the automated registration with CT phantom images. Med Phys 2024; 51:799-808. [PMID: 38127342 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electromagnetic tracking (EMT) has been researched for brachytherapy applications, showing a great potential for automating implant reconstruction, and overcoming image-based limitations such as contrast and spatial resolution. One of the challenges of this technology is that it does not intrinsically share the same reference frame as the patient's medical imaging. PURPOSE To present a novel phantom that can be used for a comprehensive quality assurance (QA) program of brachytherapy EMT systems and use this phantom to validate a novel applicator-based registration method of EMT and image reference frames for gynecological (GYN) interstitial brachytherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eleven 6F-catheters (20 cm long), one 6F round tip catheter (29.4 cm long) and a tandem and ring gynecological applicator (Elekta, CT/MR 60°, 40 mm long tandem, 30 mm diameter ring) were placed in a rigid custom-made phantom (Elekta Brachytherapy, Veenendaal, The Netherlands) to reconstruct their geometry using a five-degree of freedom EMT sensor attached to an afterloader's check cable. All EMT reconstructions were done in three different environments: disturbance free (no metal nearby), computed tomography (CT)-on-rails brachytherapy suite and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brachytherapy suite. Implants were placed parallel to a magnetic field generatorand were reconstructed using two different acquisition methods: step-and-record and continuous motion. In all cases, the acquisition is performed at a rate of approximately 40 Hz. A CT scan of the phantom inside a water cube was obtained. In the treatment planning system (TPS), all catheters in the CT images were manually reconstructed and the applicator reconstruction was achieved by manually placing its solid 3D model, found in the applicator library of the TPS. The Iterative Closest Point and the Coherent Point Drift algorithms were used, initialized with four known points, to register both EMT and CT scan reference frames using corresponding points from the EMT and CT based reconstructions of the phantom, following three approaches: one gynecological applicator, four interstitial catheters inside four calibration plates having an S-shaped path, and four 5 mm diameter ceramic marbles found in each of the four calibration plates. Once registered, the registration error (perpendicular distance) was computed. RESULTS The absolute median deviation from the expected value for EMT measurements in the disturbance free environment, CT-on-rails brachytherapy suite, and MRI-brachytherapy suite are 0.41, 0.23, and 0.31 mm, respectively, while for the CT scan it is 0.18 mm. These values significantly lie below the sensor's expected accuracy of 0.70 mm (p < 0.001), suggesting that the environment did not have a significant impact on the measurements, given that care is taken in the immediate surroundings. In all three environments, the two acquisitions and three registration approaches have mean and median registration errors that lie at or below 1 mm, which is lower than the clinical acceptable threshold of 2 mm. CONCLUSIONS The novel phantom allowed to successfully evaluate the accuracy of EMT-based reconstructions of catheters and a GYN tandem and ring applicator in different clinical environments. A registration method based only on the applicator geometry, reconstructed withan EMT sensor and the TPS solid applicator library, was validated and shows clinically acceptable accuracy, comparable to CT-based reconstruction but within a few minutes. Since the applicator is also visible in MRI, this method could potentially be used in clinics in an EMT-MR interstitial GYN brachytherapy workflow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Neri Gomez-Sarmiento
- Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique, et Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Service de physique médicale et de radioprotection, Centre Intégré de Cancérologie, CHU de Québec - Université Laval et Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Daline Tho
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiation Physics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Christopher Dürrbeck
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN (CCC ER-EMN), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Wim de Jager
- Elekta Brachytherapy, Veenendaal, The Netherlands
| | - Denis Laurendeau
- Département de génie électrique et de génie informatique, Faculté de sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
| | - Luc Beaulieu
- Département de physique, de génie physique et d'optique, et Centre de recherche sur le cancer, Université Laval, Québec, Québec, Canada
- Service de physique médicale et de radioprotection, Centre Intégré de Cancérologie, CHU de Québec - Université Laval et Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Québec, Québec, Canada
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Chen H, Luk KM. Detection Capability Enhanced Biosensor Antenna for Portable Electromagnetic Stroke Diagnostic Systems. IEEE Trans Biomed Circuits Syst 2024; 18:145-159. [PMID: 37695957 DOI: 10.1109/tbcas.2023.3313732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
Low-cost and portable electromagnetic (EM) stroke diagnostic systems are of great interest due to the increasing demand for early on-site detection or long-term bedside monitoring of stroke patients. Biosensor antennas serve as crucial hardware components for EM diagnostic systems. This article presents a detect capability enhanced biosensor antenna with a planar and compact configuration for portable EM stroke detection systems, overcoming the problem of limited detection capability in existing designs for this application. The proposed antenna is developed based on multiple dipoles, exhibiting multi-mode resonances and complementary interaction. In the frequency domain, the simulated and measured results with the presence of head phantoms show that this compact planar antenna achieves improved performance in both impedance bandwidth and near-field radiation inside the head tissues, which all contribute to enhancing its stroke detection capability in radar-based EM diagnosis. An array of 12 elements is numerically and experimentally tested in a lab-setting EM stroke diagnostic system to validate the detection capability of the proposed antenna. The reconstructed 2-D images inside the head demonstrate successful detection of different stroke-affected areas, even as small as 3 mm in radius, significantly smaller than those of reported relevant works under the same validation setting, confirming the enhanced detection capability of the proposed antenna.
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Bitter T, Seeba T, Schroeder-Richter J, Fröhlich M, Duaer W, Abidi W, Kindermann MP. [4D electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules - An overview and preliminary clinical results]. Pneumologie 2024; 78:93-99. [PMID: 38081219 DOI: 10.1055/a-2193-0966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnostic of peripheral pulmonary nodules (PPN) is a particular challenge in interventional bronchology, which is why navigation systems such as electromagnetic navigation (ENB) are increasingly being used. The 4D-ENB represents the most current development of the ENB. It utilizes inspiratory and expiratory CT scans for mapping and thus helps compensate for respiratory movements-induced CT-to-body divergence. The aim of this work was to present the first clinical data and experiences using the 4D-ENB method for diagnosis of PPNs. METHODS We retrospectively describe the results of the first nine consecutive patient cases diagnosed at Klinikum Braunschweig using 4D-ENB in a unimodal diagnostic procedure. RESULTS Of the first 9 PPNs examined by 4D-ENB, navigation and puncture of the lesion was successful in 8 patients (89%). Diagnostic biopsy was could be carried out in six out of nine patients (67%). There were no significant procedure-related complications. CONCLUSION Our preliminary data suggest that 4D-ENB is a promising new alternative for the diagnosis of PPNs. To further improve diagnostic yield, 4D-END, which lacks real-time visualization, should be embedded in a multimodal diagnostic procedure with rEBUS and/or fluoroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Bitter
- Pneumology and respiratory medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Tielko Seeba
- Pneumology and respiratory medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Jörn Schroeder-Richter
- Pneumology and respiratory medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Michael Fröhlich
- Pneumology and respiratory medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Wissam Duaer
- Pneumology and respiratory medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Wael Abidi
- Pneumology and respiratory medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Deutschland
| | - Markus Peter Kindermann
- Pneumology and respiratory medicine, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig gGmbH, Braunschweig, Deutschland
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Nguyen KT, Bui MP, Le TA, Kim SJ, Kim HY, Yoon J, Park JO, Kim J. Magnetic particle image scanner based on asymmetric core-filled electromagnetic actuator. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107864. [PMID: 38171260 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Monitoring the distribution of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in the vascular system is an important task for the advancement of precision therapeutics and drug delivery. Despite active targeting using active motilities, it is required to visualize the position and concentration of carriers that reach the target, to promote the development of this technology. In this work, a feasibility study is presented on a tomographic scanner that allows monitoring of the injected carriers quantitatively in a relatively short interval. The device is based on a small-animal-scale asymmetric magnetic platform integrated with magnetic particle imaging technology. An optimized isotropic field-free region (FFR) generation method using a magnetic manipulation system (MMS) is derived and numerically investigated. The in-vitro and in-vivo tracking performances are demonstrated with a high position accuracy of approximately 1 mm. A newly proposed tracking method was developed, specialized in vascular system, with quick scanning time (about 1s). In this paper, the primary function of the proposed system is to track magnetic particles using a magnetic manipulation system. Through this, proposed method enables the conventional magnetic actuation systems to upgrade the functionalities of both manipulation and localization of magnetic objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Tien Nguyen
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju, 61011, South Korea
| | - Minh Phu Bui
- School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Tuan-Anh Le
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ, 85259, USA
| | - Seok Jae Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju, 61011, South Korea
| | - Ho Young Kim
- Department of Nanobiomedical Science, Dankook University, Chungnam, 31116, South Korea
| | - Jungwon Yoon
- School of Integrated Technology, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju, South Korea.
| | - Jong-Oh Park
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju, 61011, South Korea.
| | - Jayoung Kim
- Korea Institute of Medical Microrobotics, Gwangju, 61011, South Korea.
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Aguilera Saiz L, Groen HC, Heerink WJ, Ruers TJM. The influence of the da Vinci surgical robot on electromagnetic tracking in a clinical environment. J Robot Surg 2024; 18:54. [PMID: 38280064 PMCID: PMC10821979 DOI: 10.1007/s11701-023-01812-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Robot-assisted surgery is increasingly used in surgery for cancer. Reduced overview and loss of anatomical orientation are challenges that might be solved with image-guided surgical navigation using electromagnetic tracking (EMT). However, the robot's presence may distort the electromagnetic field, affecting EMT accuracy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the robot's influence on EMT accuracy. For this purpose, two different electromagnetic field generators were used inside a clinical surgical environment: a table top field generator (TTFG) and a planar field generator (PFG). The position and orientation of sensors within the electromagnetic field were measured using an accurate in-house developed 3D board. Baseline accuracy was measured without the robot, followed by stepwise introduction of potential distortion sources (robot and robotic instruments). The absolute accuracy was determined within the entire 3D board and in the clinical working volume. For the baseline setup, median errors in the entire tracking volume within the 3D board were 0.9 mm and 0.3° (TTFG), and 1.1 mm and 0.4° (PFG). Adding the robot and instruments did not affect the TTFG's position accuracy (p = 0.60), while the PFG's accuracies decreased to 1.5 mm and 0.7° (p < 0.001). For both field generators, when adding robot and instruments, accuracies inside the clinical working volume were higher compared to the entire tracking 3D board volume, 0.7 mm and 0.3° (TTFG), and 1.1 mm and 0.7° (PFG). Introduction of a surgical robot and robotic instruments shows limited distortion of the EMT field, allowing sufficient accuracy for surgical navigation in robotic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Aguilera Saiz
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - H C Groen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W J Heerink
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T J M Ruers
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066 CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Science and Technology (TNW), Nanobiophysics Group (NBP), University of Twente, 7500 AE, Enschede, The Netherlands
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Semenov S. Electromagnetic tomographic cerebral angiography. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1792. [PMID: 38245538 PMCID: PMC10799899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51632-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
World Health Organization stated that "Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of death globally. Angiography is an important method in diagnostic of CVD. Standard-of-Care methods of angiography, such as X-Ray or CT- or MRI- angiography methods, being accurate and widely adopted in clinical practice, are bulky, expensive and energy in-efficient. X-ray and CT- angiography methods are also potentially hazardous as techniques require the use of ionizing contrast agents. Electromagnetic tomography (EMT) is an emerging medical imaging modality. EMT is applicable for safe functional imaging but suffers from a limited spatial resolution because of relatively large wavelength of electromagnetic radiation as compared to sizes of biological targets of particular interest, such as, for example blood vessels. Novel approach and method, presented in the study is capable to overcome such limitations and provide a mean for a dynamic, on-line EMT angiography. New method of EMT angiography was presented in application to cerebral angiography. Achieved imaging results clearly demonstrate applicability of the method for detecting small cerebral vessels of the diameter as small as 1.3 mm and to distinguish vessels with different dimensions. The technical challenges in the development of angiography capable EMT systems are assessed and discussed.
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Paez R, Lentz RJ, Salmon C, Siemann JK, Low SW, Casey JD, Chen H, Chen SC, Avasarala S, Shojaee S, Rickman OB, Lindsell CJ, Gatto CL, Rice TW, Maldonado F. Robotic versus Electromagnetic bronchoscopy for pulmonary LesIon AssessmeNT: the RELIANT pragmatic randomized trial. Trials 2024; 25:66. [PMID: 38243291 PMCID: PMC10797863 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07863-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Robotic-assisted bronchoscopy has recently emerged as an alternative to electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy for the evaluation of peripheral pulmonary lesions. While robotic-assisted bronchoscopy is proposed to have several advantages, such as an easier learning curve, it is unclear if it has comparable diagnostic utility as electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy. METHODS Robotic versus Electromagnetic bronchoscopy for pulmonary LesIon AssessmeNT (RELIANT) is an investigator-initiated, single-center, open label, noninferiority, cluster randomized controlled trial conducted in two operating rooms at Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Each operating room (OR) is assigned to either robotic-assisted or electromagnetic navigational bronchoscopy each morning, with each OR day considered one cluster. All patients undergoing diagnostic bronchoscopy for evaluation of a peripheral pulmonary lesion in one of the two operating rooms are eligible. Schedulers, patients, and proceduralists are blinded to daily group allocations until randomization is revealed for each operating room each morning. The primary endpoint is the diagnostic yield defined as the proportion of cases yielding lesional tissue. Secondary and safety endpoints include procedure duration and procedural complications. Enrolment began on March 6, 2023, and will continue until 202 clusters have been accrued, with expected enrolment of approximately 400 patients by the time of completion in March of 2024. DISCUSSION RELIANT is a pragmatic randomized controlled trial that will compare the diagnostic yield of the two most commonly used bronchoscopic approaches for sampling peripheral pulmonary lesions. This will be the first known cluster randomized pragmatic trial in the interventional pulmonology field and the first randomized controlled trial of robotic-assisted bronchoscopy. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov registration (NCT05705544) on January 30, 2023.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Paez
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert J Lentz
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cristina Salmon
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Justin K Siemann
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - See-Wei Low
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, Respiratory Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Jonathan D Casey
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Heidi Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sheau-Chiann Chen
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sameer Avasarala
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, University Hospitals - Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Samira Shojaee
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Otis B Rickman
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Cheryl L Gatto
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Todd W Rice
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Fabien Maldonado
- Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.
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Huang L, Qiao S, Ling W, Wang W, Feng Q, Cao J, Luo Y. Technical note: High-efficient and wireless transcranial ultrasound excitation based on electromagnetic acoustic transducer. Med Phys 2024; 51:662-669. [PMID: 37815210 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The generation of transcranial ultrasound is usually based on the piezoelectric effect, so it is necessary to attach transducers around the skull. However, the skull will cause serious attenuation and scattering of ultrasound, which makes it particularly difficult for transcranial ultrasound imaging and modulation. PURPOSE In transcranial ultrasound imaging, there is significant attenuation and scattering of ultrasound waves by the skull bone. To mitigate this influence and enable precise imaging and high-efficient transcranial ultrasound for specific patients (such as stroke patients who already require craniotomy as part of their surgical care), this paper proposes to use EMAT to excite metal plates placed inside the skull based on the excellent penetration characteristics of EM waves into the skull, generating ultrasound signals, which can completely avoid the influence of skull on ultrasound transmission. METHODS Based on an efficient wireless transcranial ultrasound experimental platform, we first verified that the skull would not affect the propagation of electromagnetic waves generated by EMAT. In addition, the distribution of the transcranial sound field generated by EMAT was measured. RESULTS EMAT can generate 1.0 MHz ultrasound by wireless excitation of a 0.1 mm thick copper plate through an adult skull with a thickness of ∼1 cm, and the frequency and amplitude of the generated ultrasound are not affected by the skull. The results indicated that the electromagnetic waves successfully penetrated the skull, with a recorded strength of approximately 2 mV. We also found that the ultrasound signals generated by the EMAT probe through the skull remained unaffected, measuring around 2 mV. In addition, the measurement of the transcranial sound field distribution (80*50 mm2 ) generated by EMAT shows that compared with the traditional extracranial ultrasound generation method, the sound field distribution generated by the wireless excitation of the intracranial copper plate based on EAMT is no longer affected by the uneven and irregular skull. CONCLUSION Our experiments involved validating the penetration capabilities of electromagnetic waves utilizing the EMAT probe through a 7 (5+2) mm thick organic glass plate and a real human skull ranging from 8 to 15 mm in thickness. The efficient and wireless transcranial ultrasound excitation proposed in this paper may be possible for transcranial ultrasound imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Huang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Shuaiqi Qiao
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenwu Ling
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Weipeng Wang
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Qikaiyi Feng
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou, China
- Zhangjiang Laboratory, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiazhi Cao
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Luo
- West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Hekimoglu M, Kiris T. Intraventricular Shunt Catheter Placement of Adult Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus Using an AxiEMTM Electromagnetic Neuronavigation System: A Single-Center Experience. Turk Neurosurg 2024; 34:60-66. [PMID: 38282586 DOI: 10.5137/1019-5149.jtn.41703-22.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
AIM To prove the superiority of the electromagnetic (EM) neuronavigation technique to increase the accuracy of intraventicular shunt catheter placement, and to reduce accompanying complications. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 21 patients with hydrocephalus [age range (years): 53-84] were studied. All of them had undergone thin-slice, navigation-compatible, computed tomography (CT) preoperatively. Shunt surgery was performed under the guidance of EM neuronavigation technology. All patients underwent follow-up CT the next day to evaluate catheter tip placement and were followed up at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. RESULTS All catheter tips were placed properly in front of the foramen of Monro in the desired position, except in one case in which the tip migrated to the perimesencephalic cistern and underwent reoperation in the early postoperative period. No complications due to infection and obstruction were observed in the medium- and long-term follow-ups. The complication rate due to the incorrect catheter positioning was 4.76% of the total cases. CONCLUSION The placement of the ventricular catheter under EM-guided navigation technology reduces the proximal-end failure caused by malpositioning, obstruction, and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehdi Hekimoglu
- American Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul, Türkiye
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Cavaliere M, Cantillon-Murphy P. Enhancing electromagnetic tracking accuracy in medical applications using pre-trained witness sensor distortion models. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2024; 19:27-31. [PMID: 37501053 PMCID: PMC10769911 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-023-02994-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Electromagnetic tracking (EMT) accuracy is affected by the presence of surrounding metallic materials. In this work, we propose measuring the magnetic field's variation due to distortion at a witness position to localise the instrument causing distortion based on a pre-trained model and without additional sensors attached to it. METHODS Two experiments were performed to demonstrate possible applications of the technique proposed. In the first case, the distortion introduced by an ultrasound (US) probe was characterised and subsequently used to track the probe position on a line. In the second application, the measurement was used to estimate the distance of an interventional fluoroscopy C-arm machine and apply the correct compensation model. RESULTS Tracking of the US probe using the proposed method was demonstrated with millimetric accuracy. The distortion created by the C-arm caused errors in the order of centimetres, which were reduced to 1.52 mm RMS after compensation. CONCLUSIONS The distortion profile associated with medical equipment was pre-characterised and used in applications such as object tracking and error compensation map selection. In the current study, the movement was limited to one degree of freedom (1 DOF) and simple analytical functions were used to model the magnetic distortion. Future work will explore advanced AI models to extend the method to 6 DOF tracking using multiple witness sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Cavaliere
- University College Cork, Cork, Ireland.
- Tyndall National Institute, Cork, Ireland.
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Zhang H, Shen Q, Zheng P, Wang H, Zou R, Zhang Z, Pan Y, Zhi JY, Xiang ZR. Harvesting Inertial Energy and Powering Wearable Devices: A Review. Small Methods 2024; 8:e2300771. [PMID: 37853661 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202300771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Amidst the swift progression of microelectronics and Internet of Things technology, wearable devices are gradually gaining ground in the domains of human health monitoring. Recently, human bioenergy harvesting has emerged as a plausible alternative to batteries. This paper delves into harvesting human inertial energy that stimulates inertial masses through human motion and then transmutes the motion of the inertial masses into electrical energy. The inertial energy harvester is better suited for low-frequency and irregular human motion. This review first identifies the sources of human motion excitation that are compatible with inertial energy harvesters and then provides a summary of the operating principles and the comparisons of the commonly used energy conversion mechanisms, including electromagnetic, piezoelectric, and triboelectric transducers. The review thoroughly summarizes the latest advancements in human inertial energy-harvesting technology that are categorized and grouped based on their excitation sources and mechanical modulation methods. In addition, the review outlines the applications of inertial energy harvesters in powering wearable devices, medical health monitoring, and as mobile power sources. Finally, the challenges faced by inertial energy-harvesting technologies are discussed, and the review provides a perspective on the potential developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hexiang Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 64000, P. R. China
| | - Qianhui Shen
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Peng Zheng
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 64000, P. R. China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
- Yibin Research Institute, Southwest Jiaotong University, Yibin, 64000, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zou
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Zutao Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Yajia Pan
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Jin-Yi Zhi
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
| | - Ze-Rui Xiang
- School of Design, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu, 610031, P. R. China
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Bhadra K, Rickman OB, Mahajan AK, Hogarth DK. "Tool-in-lesion" Accuracy of Galaxy System-A Robotic Electromagnetic Navigation BroncHoscopy With Integrated Tool-in-lesion-Tomosynthesis Technology: The MATCH Study. J Bronchology Interv Pulmonol 2024; 31:23-29. [PMID: 37072895 PMCID: PMC10763708 DOI: 10.1097/lbr.0000000000000923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Galaxy System (Noah Medical) is a novel robotic endoluminal platform using electromagnetic navigation combined with integrated tomosynthesis technology and augmented fluoroscopy. It provides intraprocedural imaging to correct computerized tomography (CT) to body divergence and novel confirmation of tool-in-lesion (TIL). The primary aim of this study was to assess the TIL accuracy of the robotic bronchoscope with integrated digital tomosynthesis and augmented fluoroscopy. METHODS Four operators conducted the experiment using 4 pigs. Each physician performed between 4 and 6 nodule biopsies for 20 simulated lung nodules with purple dye and a radio pacifier. Using Galaxy's "Tool-in-Lesion Tomography (TOMO+)" with augmented fluoroscopy, the physician navigated to the lung nodules, and a tool (needle) was placed into the lesion. TIL was defined by the needle in the lesion determined by cone-beam CT. RESULTS The lung nodule's average size was 16.3 ± 0.97 mm and was predominantly in the lower lobes (65%). All 4 operators successfully navigated to all (100%) of the lesions in an average of 3 minutes and 39 seconds. The median number of tomosynthesis sweeps was 3 and augmented fluoroscopy was utilized in most cases (17/20 or 85%). TIL after the final TOMO sweep was 95% (19/20) and tool-touch-lesion was 5% (1/20). Biopsy yielding purple pigmentation was also 100% (20/20). CONCLUSION The Galaxy System demonstrated successful digital TOMO confirmed TIL success in 95% (19/20) of lesions and tool-touch-lesion in 5% (1/20) as confirmed by cone-beam CT. Successful diagnostic yield was achieved in 100% (20/20) of lesions as confirmed by intralesional pigment acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krish Bhadra
- CHI Memorial Rees Skillern Cancer Institute, Chattanooga
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Graham J, Basist M, Frye L, Agrawal A, Nasim F. Advances in navigating to the nodule and targeting. Curr Opin Pulm Med 2024; 30:9-16. [PMID: 37930633 DOI: 10.1097/mcp.0000000000001021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The multitude of available platforms and imaging modalities for navigational bronchoscopy, in combination with the various sampling tools that can be used intra-procedurally, is complex. This review seeks to describe the recent developments in peripheral bronchoscopy in regards to navigation, imaging, and sampling target lesions in the pulmonary parenchyma. RECENT FINDINGS Robotic assisted bronchoscopy has improved navigation to the peripheral airways for sampling of peripheral parenchymal lesions. These navigational platforms use innovative technology utilizing electromagnetic navigation and shape-sensing technology for guidance. The greatest improvement has been the stabilization of the robotic scope in the periphery to allow for accurate sampling. Despite improvements in these platforms, limitations of CT to body divergence continue to impact navigation to the lesion and therefore diagnostic yield of the procedure. Advanced intraprocedural imaging with cone beam CT or augmented fluoroscopy has been a recent focus to improve this area. Further, the adoption of newer sampling tools, such as cryobiopsy, offers the possibility of increased diagnostic yield. SUMMARY The developments in advanced bronchoscopy will impact the role of biopsy in the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary parenchymal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey Graham
- Interventional Pulmonology, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Madeleine Basist
- Interventional Pulmonology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Laura Frye
- Interventional Pulmonology, Division of Respiratory, Critical Care, and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, University of Utah Health, Salt Lake City, Utah
| | - Abhinav Agrawal
- Interventional Pulmonology, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care & Sleep Medicine, Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, New Hyde Park, New York
| | - Faria Nasim
- Interventional Pulmonology, Pulmonary & Critical Care Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Barbora A, Rahamim S, Bohnick M, Firer MA, Yahalom A. The non-ionizing electromagnetic stimulation enhanced antibody production (NESEAP) effect - Discovery and technological applications. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300277. [PMID: 37753941 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
The rise of biological therapeutics in the global pharmaceuticals market has escalated the demand for quality monoclonal antibodies for healthcare and scientific applications. Reducing costs while enhancing production yields without compromising quality are the main challenges to the growth of this industry today. Over the last two decades non-ionizing radiation has been demonstrated to elicit targeted biological responses in a frequency and dose dependent manner. We hypothesize and design a millimeter wave radiation procedure to enhance the yields of antibody-producing hybridoma cell lines. We demonstrate this method enhances the production of IgA and IgG antibodies from MOPC315.BM and U13.6 cells by a factor of 24.05 ± 3.32 and 1.41 ± 0.03 respectively relative to untreated cells. No treatment associated cytotoxicity was observed in either cell line corroborating physiological viability of irradiated cells. Our results demonstrate proof-of-concept of a novel technique to significantly enhance antibody yields from hybridoma cells which could lead to a reduction in antibody production costs. Further studies will focus on scaling up of this technology and employment of non-contact, tuned electromagnetic stimulation of biological systems for targeted responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayan Barbora
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Shmuel Rahamim
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Maya Bohnick
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Michael A Firer
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- The Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Asher Yahalom
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Pollina R, Betanzons G, Abd-Elsayed A. Peripheral Nerve Stimulation With a High-Frequency Electromagnetic Coupled Powered Implanted Receiver at the Posterior Tibial Nerve for the Treatment of Chronic Pain in the Foot. Neuromodulation 2024; 27:126-129. [PMID: 37245139 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurom.2023.04.469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral neuropathy has several causes, with diabetes being the most common. Conservative management may fail to control pain. Our study aimed at evaluating the use of peripheral nerve stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve for treating peripheral neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was an observational study of 15 patients who received peripheral nerve stimulation at the posterior tibial nerve to treat peripheral neuropathy. Outcomes measured were improvement of pain scores and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) at 12 months compared with before the implant. RESULTS Mean pain scores with the verbal rating scale were 3 ± 1.8 at >12 months compared with 8.6 ± 1.2 at baseline, a reduction of 65% (p < 0.001). Median satisfaction with the PGIC at >12 months was 7 of 7, with most subjects reporting a 6 (better) or a 7 (a great deal better). CONCLUSION Peripheral nerve stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve can be a safe and effective modality for treating chronic pain symptoms related to peripheral neuropathy of the foot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Pollina
- Great Lake Physiatrists, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gabriela Betanzons
- Great Lake Physiatrists, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Alaa Abd-Elsayed
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA.
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Munirathnam R, Seenappa L, Manjunatha HCS, Vidya YS, Sridhar KN, Murugan SVR, Manjunatha S. Synthesis and characterisation of Zn-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles for electromagnetic radiation shielding. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:2455-2463. [PMID: 38126857 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
CeO2-NPs (nanoparticles) exhibit a variety of properties, which have prompted researchers to explore various applications, such as gas sensing, biomedical, Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding, etc. Zn-doped CeO2-NPs with concentrations ranging from 7 to 11 mol were synthesised using Aloe vera extract as a reducing agent by the solution combustion method. As obtained, NPs were characterised by standard techniques. Braggs reflections confirm the formation of a single-phase cubic structure of CeO2Zn NPs. Crystalline size is calculated using both the W-H plot and the Scherrer equation, which were found to be 12 and 9 nm, respectively. The Energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) pattern confirmed the presence of Ce, O and Zn. The direct energy band values are found to be decreasing from 3 to 2.87 eV with an increase in the doping concentration of Zn from 7 to 11 mol. Total shielding efficiency (SET) will give the best representation of shielding properties. The SEt values of CeO2Zn NPs are compared to those of other conventional materials and NP materials, finding significant applications in EMI shielding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajachari Munirathnam
- Department of Physics, Rajah Serfoji Government College (Autonomous), Thanjavur, Tamil Nadu 613005, India
- Department of Physics, Government College for Women, Kolar, Karnataka 563101, India
| | - Lakshmaiah Seenappa
- Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Mulabagal-563131 Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | - Shivanna Manjunatha
- Department of Chemistry, B.M.S. College of Engineering, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560019, India
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Raja RU, Vidya YS, Manjunatha HCS, Munirathnam R, Seenappa L, Sridhar KN, Rajashekara KM, Manjunatha S. Synthesis and characterization of calcium-iron-chromium nanocomposites for electromagnetic radiation shielding application. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2023; 199:2428-2437. [PMID: 38126861 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncad264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Over a century, shielding harmful electromagnetic radiations (EMR) and finding a suitable material, which can replace lead has become the major interest of researchers in this field. Herein, calcium-iron-chromium oxide nanocomposites with the different atomic ratios are synthesized using the solution combustion method. The as-obtained nanoparticles (NPs) are subjected to several structural and surface characteristics such as powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, elemental diffraction X-ray analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy analysis were performed to confirm the successful synthesis. Furthermore, the EMR shielding of as-procured NPs is investigated and observed that the obtained NPs show good shielding properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yakekadakalu S Vidya
- Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Mulbagal, Karnataka 563131, India
| | | | - Rajachari Munirathnam
- Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Maluru, Karnataka 563130, India
| | - Lakshmaiah Seenappa
- Department of Physics, Government First Grade College, Mulbagal, Karnataka 563131, India
| | | | - Koppa M Rajashekara
- Department of Chemistry, B.M.S College of Engneering Bull Temple Rd, Basavanagudi, Bengaluru, Karnataka 560019, India
| | - Shivanna Manjunatha
- Department of Physics, S J C Institute of Technology P.B, No. 20, BB Rd, Chikkaballapur, Karnataka 562101, India
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Xue F, Guo L, Bialkowski A, Abbosh A. Training Universal Deep-Learning Networks for Electromagnetic Medical Imaging Using a Large Database of Randomized Objects. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 24:8. [PMID: 38202870 PMCID: PMC10780526 DOI: 10.3390/s24010008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Deep learning has become a powerful tool for solving inverse problems in electromagnetic medical imaging. However, contemporary deep-learning-based approaches are susceptible to inaccuracies stemming from inadequate training datasets, primarily consisting of signals generated from simplified and homogeneous imaging scenarios. This paper introduces a novel methodology to construct an expansive and diverse database encompassing domains featuring randomly shaped structures with electrical properties representative of healthy and abnormal tissues. The core objective of this database is to enable the training of universal deep-learning techniques for permittivity profile reconstruction in complex electromagnetic medical imaging domains. The constructed database contains 25,000 unique objects created by superimposing from 6 to 24 randomly sized ellipses and polygons with varying electrical attributes. Introducing randomness in the database enhances training, allowing the neural network to achieve universality while reducing the risk of overfitting. The representative signals in the database are generated using an array of antennas that irradiate the imaging domain and capture scattered signals. A custom-designed U-net is trained by using those signals to generate the permittivity profile of the defined imaging domain. To assess the database and confirm the universality of the trained network, three distinct testing datasets with diverse objects are imaged using the designed U-net. Quantitative assessments of the generated images show promising results, with structural similarity scores consistently exceeding 0.84, normalized root mean square errors remaining below 14%, and peak signal-to-noise ratios exceeding 33 dB. These results demonstrate the practicality of the constructed database for training deep learning networks that have generalization capabilities in solving inverse problems in medical imaging without the need for additional physical assistant algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Xue
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia; (L.G.); (A.B.); (A.A.)
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Cong L, Huang M, Yang J, Cheng S, Teng C, Xiong K, Zhang T, Dang W, Liu C, Ma J, Hu W. Standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography imaging of brain for the analysis of mental fatigue during a simulated air traffic control task. Neuro Endocrinol Lett 2023; 44:491-499. [PMID: 38131172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Standard low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) was used to accurately detect EEG changes in mental fatigue of air traffic controllers (ATCo) under a simulated air traffic control (ATC) task. We explored the changes in standard current density, activated cortical intensity, and brain source location. METHODS The participants were instructed to use the tower flight command simulation training system for three hours of uninterrupted ATC task. The 3-hour EEG signal was divided into four stages: task start, 1st hour, 2nd hour, and task end. Each stage was preprocessed for 3 minutes to explore the EEG changes and then processed by sLORETA in a statistical non-parametric mapping analysis. RESULTS The current density distribution of δ and α oscillations differed significantly during the four tasks, while θ, β and γ oscillations did not. Changes in δ oscillations of the brain during mental fatigue were detected mainly in the postcentral gyrus (BA2 and BA3), precentral gyrus (BA4 and BA6), inferior temporal gyrus (BA20), and superior temporal gyrus (BA38). The α oscillations were found mainly decreased in the postcentral gyrus (BA2) and inferior parietal lobule (BA40) when the task was in progress compared with the end of the task. CONCLUSION The superior temporal gyrus and somatosensory cortex were the main activated cortical regions during the simulated ATC task. The α and δ oscillations showed contrasting activity during simulated ATC task, which might reflect the release of task-relevant brain's areas from inhibition and enhance the neural activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cong
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Meiqing Huang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jinghua Yang
- Fundamentals Department, Air Force Engineering University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shan Cheng
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Chaolin Teng
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Kaiwen Xiong
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Taihui Zhang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Weitao Dang
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Cui Liu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Jin Ma
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wendong Hu
- School of Aerospace Medicine, Air Force Medical University, Xi'an, China
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Li Y, Chen W, Xie F, Huang R, Liu X, Xiao Y, Cao L, Hu Y, Ke M, Wu S, Sun J. Novel electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy system for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules: a prospective, multicentre study. Thorax 2023; 78:1197-1205. [PMID: 37734951 PMCID: PMC10715528 DOI: 10.1136/thorax-2022-219664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional electromagnetic navigation bronchoscopy (ENB) is a real-time image-guided system and used with thick bronchoscopes for the diagnosis of peripheral pulmonary nodules (PPNs). A novel ENB that could be used with thin bronchoscopes was developed. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic yield and the experience of using this ENB system in a real clinical scenario. METHODS This multicentre study enrolled consecutive patients with PPNs adopting ENB from March 2019 to August 2021. ENB was performed with different bronchoscopes, ancillary techniques and sampling instruments according to the characteristics of the nodule and the judgement of the operator. The primary endpoint was the diagnostic yield. The secondary endpoints included the diagnostic yield of subgroups, procedural details and complication rate. RESULTS In total, 479 patients with 479 nodules were enrolled in this study. The median lesion size was 20.9 (IQR, 15.9-25.9) mm. The overall diagnostic yield was 74.9% (359/479). A thin bronchoscope was used in 96.2% (461/479) nodules. ENB in combination with radial endobronchial ultrasound (rEBUS), a guide sheath (GS) and a thin bronchoscope was the most widely used guided method, producing a diagnostic yield of 74.1% (254/343). The median total procedural time was 1325.0 (IQR, 1014.0-1676.0) s. No severe complications occurred. CONCLUSION This novel ENB system can be used in combination with different bronchoscopes, ancillary techniques and sampling instruments with a high diagnostic yield and safety profile for the diagnosis of PPNs, of which the combination of thin bronchoscope, rEBUS and GS was the most common method in clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER NCT03716284.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Respiratory Endoscopy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Respiratory Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Xie
- Department of Respiratory Endoscopy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Respiratory Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
| | - Rui Huang
- Department of Respiratory Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Yang Xiao
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liming Cao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, National Key Clinical Specialty, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyao Ke
- Department of Respiratory Centre, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, China
| | - Shiman Wu
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiayuan Sun
- Department of Respiratory Endoscopy, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai Chest Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Respiratory Endoscopy, Shanghai, China
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