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Neri S, Mascolini MV, Peruffo A, Todros S, Zuin M, Cordaro L, Martines E, Contiero B, Carniel EL, Iacopetti I, Patruno M, Fontanella CG, Perazzi A. How does atmospheric pressure cold helium plasma affect the biomechanical behaviour on alkali-lesioned corneas? BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:153. [PMID: 38659026 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03980-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melting corneal ulcers are a serious condition that affects a great number of animals and people around the world and it is characterised by a progressive weakening of the tissue leading to possible severe ophthalmic complications, such as visual impairment or blindness. This disease is routinely treated with medical therapy and keratoplasty, and recently also with alternative regenerative therapies, such as cross-linking, amniotic membrane transplant, and laser. Plasma medicine is another recent example of regenerative treatment that showed promising results in reducing the microbial load of corneal tissue together with maintaining its cellular vitality. Since the effect of helium plasma application on corneal mechanical viscoelasticity has not yet been investigated, the aim of this study is first to evaluate it on ex vivo porcine corneas for different exposition times and then to compare the results with previous data on cross-linking treatment. RESULTS 94 ex vivo porcine corneas divided into 16 populations (healthy or injured, fresh or cultured and treated or not with plasma or cross-linking) were analysed. For each population, a biomechanical analysis was performed by uniaxial stress-relaxation tests, and a statistical analysis was carried out considering the characteristic mechanical parameters. In terms of equilibrium normalised stress, no statistically significant difference resulted when the healthy corneas were compared with lesioned plasma-treated ones, independently of treatment time, contrary to what was obtained about the cross-linking treated corneas which exhibited more intense relaxation phenomena. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the influence of the Helium plasma treatment was observed on the viscoelasticity of porcine corneas ex vivo, by restoring in lesioned tissue a degree of relaxation similar to the one of the native tissue, even after only 2 min of application. Therefore, the obtained results suggest that plasma treatment is a promising new regenerative ophthalmic therapy for melting corneal ulcers, laying the groundwork for further studies to correlate the mechanical findings with corneal histology and ultrastructural anatomy after plasma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Neri
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Maria Vittoria Mascolini
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Peruffo
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy.
| | - Silvia Todros
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Matteo Zuin
- RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN), Padova, Italy
- CNR, Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Padova, Italy
| | - Luigi Cordaro
- RFX (CNR, ENEA, INFN), Padova, Italy
- CNR, Institute for Plasma Science and Technology, Padova, Italy
| | - Emilio Martines
- Department of Physics "G. Occhialini", University of Milano - Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Barbara Contiero
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Emanuele Luigi Carniel
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Iacopetti
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Patruno
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Giulia Fontanella
- Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
| | - Anna Perazzi
- Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
- Centre for Mechanics of Biological Materials, University of Padua, Padova, Italy
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Khan F, Ikram M, Rashdan M, Elsayed F, Ahmad P, Khandaker MU. Electron plasma diagnostics in ELTRAP by electron cyclotron resonance heating method. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296845. [PMID: 38635742 PMCID: PMC11025813 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Electron cyclotron resonance heating method of Particle-in-Cell code was used to analyze heating phenomena, axial kinetic energy, and self-consistent electric field of confined electron plasma in ELTRAP device by hydrogen and helium background gases. The electromagnetic simulations were performed at a constant power of 3.8 V for different RF drives (0.5 GHz- 8 GHz), as well as for 1 GHz constant frequency at these varying amplitudes (1 V-3.8 V). The impacts of axial and radial temperatures were found maximum at 1.8 V and 5 GHz as compared to other amplitudes and frequencies for both background gases. These effects are higher at varying radio frequencies due to more ionization and secondary electrons production and maximum recorded radial temperature for hydrogen background gas was 170.41 eV. The axial kinetic energy impacts were found more effective in the outer radial part (between 0.03 and 0.04 meters) of the ELTRAP device due to applied VRF through C8 electrode. The self-consistent electric field was found higher for helium background gas at 5 GHz RF than other amplitudes and radio frequencies. The excitation and ionization rates were found to be higher along the radial direction (r-axis) than the axial direction (z-axis) in helium background gas as compared to hydrogen background gas. The current studies are advantageous for nuclear physics applications, beam physics, microelectronics, coherent radiation devices and also in magnetrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Khan
- Department of Physics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ikram
- Department of Physics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Mostafa Rashdan
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
| | - Fahmi Elsayed
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Egaila, Kuwait
| | - Pervaiz Ahmad
- Department of Physics, University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Muzaffarabad, Pakistan
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of General Educational Development, Faculty of Science and Information Technology, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Švančara P, Smaniotto P, Solidoro L, MacDonald JF, Patrick S, Gregory R, Barenghi CF, Weinfurtner S. Rotating curved spacetime signatures from a giant quantum vortex. Nature 2024; 628:66-70. [PMID: 38509373 PMCID: PMC10990935 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-07176-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Gravity simulators1 are laboratory systems in which small excitations such as sound2 or surface waves3,4 behave as fields propagating on a curved spacetime geometry. The analogy between gravity and fluids requires vanishing viscosity2-4, a feature naturally realized in superfluids such as liquid helium or cold atomic clouds5-8. Such systems have been successful in verifying key predictions of quantum field theory in curved spacetime7-11. In particular, quantum simulations of rotating curved spacetimes indicative of astrophysical black holes require the realization of an extensive vortex flow12 in superfluid systems. Here we demonstrate that, despite the inherent instability of multiply quantized vortices13,14, a stationary giant quantum vortex can be stabilized in superfluid 4He. Its compact core carries thousands of circulation quanta, prevailing over current limitations in other physical systems such as magnons5, atomic clouds6,7 and polaritons15,16. We introduce a minimally invasive way to characterize the vortex flow17,18 by exploiting the interaction of micrometre-scale waves on the superfluid interface with the background velocity field. Intricate wave-vortex interactions, including the detection of bound states and distinctive analogue black hole ringdown signatures, have been observed. These results open new avenues to explore quantum-to-classical vortex transitions and use superfluid helium as a finite-temperature quantum field theory simulator for rotating curved spacetimes19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Švančara
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Nottingham Centre of Gravity, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
| | - Pietro Smaniotto
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Centre of Gravity, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Leonardo Solidoro
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
- Nottingham Centre of Gravity, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - James F MacDonald
- School of Physics & Astronomy, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sam Patrick
- Department of Physics, King's College London, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ruth Gregory
- Department of Physics, King's College London, University of London, London, UK
- Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carlo F Barenghi
- School of Mathematics, Statistics and Physics, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Silke Weinfurtner
- School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Nottingham Centre of Gravity, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
- Perimeter Institute, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
- Centre for the Mathematics and Theoretical Physics of Quantum Non-Equilibrium Systems (CQNE), University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.
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Lewis D, Khalsa DD, Cummings A, Schneider J, Shah S. Factors Associated With Post-Extubation Stridor in Infants Intubated in the Pediatric ICU. J Intensive Care Med 2024; 39:336-340. [PMID: 37787175 DOI: 10.1177/08850666231204208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-extubation stridor (PES) is a common problem in the pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) and is associated with extubation failure, longer length of stay, and increased mortality. Infants represent a large proportion of PICU admissions and are at higher risk for PES, making identification and mitigation of factors associated with PES important in this age group. RESEARCH QUESTION What factors are associated with PES in infants (age less than 1 year) intubated in the PICU? STUDY DESIGN & METHODS The primary outcome was PES as defined by the need for racemic epinephrine within 6 h of extubation. Secondary outcomes were heliox administration and reintubation. Statistical analyses were performed with Fisher's exact test for univariate analyses and multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS 518 patient charts were retrospectively reviewed. 24.1% of patients developed PES. Duration of mechanical ventilation greater than 48 h was associated with increased risk of PES (odds ratio [OR] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.13-2.71, P = .01), as was nonelective intubation (OR = 2.92, 95% CI 1.91-4.46, P < .01). The presence of a cuff, gastroesophageal reflux disease, prematurity, and known upper airway abnormality had no association with PES. 4.0 endotracheal tubes (ETTs) had an increased association with PES compared to 3.5 ETTs (OR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.18-3.27, P < .01). There was no difference in risk of PES between 3.5 and 3.0 ETTs. INTERPRETATION In infants intubated in the PICU, mechanical ventilation greater than 48 h and nonelective intubation were associated with PES. 4.0 ETTs were associated with higher risk of PES compared to 3.5 ETTs. These findings may help providers in ETT selection and to identify infants that may be at increased risk of PES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre Lewis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Dev Darshan Khalsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Mattel Children's Hospital, UCLA Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Alexandra Cummings
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - James Schneider
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
| | - Sareen Shah
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cohen Children's Medical Center of New York, New Hyde Park, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Imbert JP, Matity L, Massimelli JY, Bryson P. Review of saturation decompression procedures used in commercial diving. Diving Hyperb Med 2024; 54:23-38. [PMID: 38507907 DOI: 10.28920/dhm54.1.23-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Introduction This is a review of commercial heliox saturation decompression procedures. The scope does not include compression, storage depth or bell excursion dive procedures. The objectives are to: identify the sources of the procedures; trace their evolution; describe the current practice; and detect relevant trends. Methods Eleven international commercial diving companies provided their diving manuals for review under a confidentiality agreement. Results Modern commercial diving saturation procedures are derived from a small number of original procedures (United States Navy, Comex, and NORSOK). In the absence of relevant scientific studies since the late 80's, the companies have empirically adapted these procedures according to their needs and experience. Such adaptation has caused differences in decompression rates shallower than 60 msw, decompression rest stops and the decision to decompress linearly or stepwise. Nevertheless, the decompression procedures present a remarkable homogeneity in chamber PO2 and daily decompression rates when deeper than 60 msw. The companies have also developed common rules of good practice; no final decompression should start with an initial ascending excursion; a minimum hold is required before starting a final decompression after an excursion dive. Recommendation is made for the divers to exercise during decompression. Conclusions We observed a trend towards harmonisation within the companies that enforce international procedures, and, between companies through cooperation inside the committees of the industry associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Imbert
- Divetech, 1543 chemin des vignasses, 06410 Biot, France
- Corresponding author: Jean Pierre Imbert, Divetech, 1543 ch des vignasses 0641Biot, France,
| | - Lyubisa Matity
- Hyperbaric and Tissue Viability Unit, Gozo General Hospital, Malta
| | | | - Philip Bryson
- International SOS, Forest Grove House, Foresterhill Road, Aberdeen, AB25 2ZP, UK
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Harris RJ, Challen CJ, Mitchell SJ. The first deep rebreather dive using hydrogen: case report. Diving Hyperb Med 2024; 54:69-72. [PMID: 38507913 DOI: 10.28920/dhm54.1.65-68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
Bounce diving with rapid descents to very deep depths may provoke the high-pressure neurological syndrome (HPNS). The strategy of including small fractions of nitrogen in the respired gas to produce an anti-HPNS narcotic effect increases the gas density which may exceed recommended guidelines. In 2020 the 'Wetmules' dive team explored the Pearse Resurgence cave (New Zealand) to 245 m breathing trimix (approximately 4% oxygen, 91% helium and 5% nitrogen). Despite the presence of nitrogen, one diver experienced HPNS tremors beyond 200 m. The use of hydrogen (a light yet slightly narcotic gas) has been suggested as a solution to this problem but there are concerns, including the potential for ignition and explosion of hydrogen-containing gases, and accelerated heat loss. In February 2023 a single dive to 230 m was conducted in the Pearse Resurgence to experience hydrogen as a breathing gas in a deep bounce dive. Using an electronic closed-circuit rebreather, helihydrox (approximately 3% oxygen, 59% helium and 38% hydrogen) was breathed between 200 and 230 m. This was associated with amelioration of HPNS symptoms in the vulnerable diver and no obvious adverse effects. The use of hydrogen is a potential means of progressing deeper with effective HPNS amelioration while maintaining respired gas density within advised guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Simon J Mitchell
- Technical diver, Wetmules Dive Team
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Department of Anaesthesia, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Slark Hyperbaric Unit, North Shore Hospital, Auckland, New Zealand
- Corresponding author: Professor Simon Mitchell, Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Medicine, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand,
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Zolotukhin DB, Horkowitz A, Keidar M. Electromagnetic Nature of Distant Interaction of the Atmospheric Pressure Helium Plasma Discharge Tube with Glioblastoma Cancer Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:13597-13610. [PMID: 38453642 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c00619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric pressure coaxial gaseous discharge tubes (DTs) with helium have demonstrated potential for in vitro inactivation or sensitization of glioblastoma cancer cells. Here, we study the effect of two configurations of the DT electrode system on its electromagnetic emissivity as well as other physical factors (heating and UV emission) that form in the vicinity of this device. We demonstrate that the configuration of the DT electrodes that concentrates the discharge streamers near the top of the device has a distant (cm scale) deactivation effect on U87-MG glioblastoma cancer cells when irradiated, without measurable UV components in the DT optical emission spectra. This effect persists even through different barriers such as glass, plastic, or quartz Petri dishes but is eliminated when glass or plastic dishes are filled with water. These findings demonstrate the potential for development of noninvasive, physical-based treatment methods of deep-tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis B Zolotukhin
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
- Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, 40 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Alex Horkowitz
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
| | - Michael Keidar
- The George Washington University, 800 22nd Street, Northwest, Washington, District of Columbia 20052, United States
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Yenupuri TV, Rafie-Zinedine S, Worbs L, Heymann M, Schulz J, Bielecki J, Maia FRNC. Helium-electrospray improves sample delivery in X-ray single-particle imaging experiments. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4401. [PMID: 38388562 PMCID: PMC10883998 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54605-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Imaging the structure and observing the dynamics of isolated proteins using single-particle X-ray diffractive imaging (SPI) is one of the potential applications of X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs). Currently, SPI experiments on isolated proteins are limited by three factors: low signal strength, limited data and high background from gas scattering. The last two factors are largely due to the shortcomings of the aerosol sample delivery methods in use. Here we present our modified electrospray ionization (ESI) source, which we dubbed helium-ESI (He-ESI). With it, we increased particle delivery into the interaction region by a factor of 10, for 26 nm-sized biological particles, and decreased the gas load in the interaction chamber corresponding to an 80% reduction in gas scattering when compared to the original ESI. These improvements have the potential to significantly increase the quality and quantity of SPI diffraction patterns in future experiments using He-ESI, resulting in higher-resolution structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tej Varma Yenupuri
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 596, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Safi Rafie-Zinedine
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | - Lena Worbs
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 596, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Michael Heymann
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomolecular Systems, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, Stuttgart, 70569, Germany
| | | | - Johan Bielecki
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany.
| | - Filipe R N C Maia
- Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics, Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Husargatan 3, Box 596, 75124, Uppsala, Sweden.
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.
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Haddad T, Mons V, Meste O, Dempsey JA, Abbiss CR, Brisswalter J, Blain GM. Breathing a low-density gas reduces respiratory muscle force development and marginally improves exercise performance in master athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol 2024; 124:651-665. [PMID: 37973652 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-023-05346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We tested the hypothesis that breathing heliox, to attenuate the mechanical constraints accompanying the decline in pulmonary function with aging, improves exercise performance. METHODS Fourteen endurance-trained older men (67.9 ± 5.9 year, [Formula: see text]O2max: 50.8 ± 5.8 ml/kg/min; 151% predicted) completed two cycling 5-km time trials while breathing room air (i.e., 21% O2-79% N2) or heliox (i.e., 21% O2-79% He). Maximal flow-volume curves (MFVC) were determined pre-exercise to characterize expiratory flow limitation (EFL, % tidal volume intersecting the MFVC). Respiratory muscle force development was indirectly determined as the product of the time integral of inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressure (∫Pmouth) and breathing frequency. Maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure maneuvers were performed pre-exercise and post-exercise to estimate respiratory muscle fatigue. RESULTS Exercise performance time improved (527.6 ± 38 vs. 531.3 ± 36.9 s; P = 0.017), and respiratory muscle force development decreased during inspiration (- 22.8 ± 11.6%, P < 0.001) and expiration (- 10.8 ± 11.4%, P = 0.003) with heliox compared with room air. EFL tended to be lower with heliox (22 ± 23 vs. 30 ± 23% tidal volume; P = 0.054). Minute ventilation normalized to CO2 production ([Formula: see text]E/[Formula: see text]CO2) increased with heliox (28.6 ± 2.7 vs. 25.1 ± 1.8; P < 0.001). A reduction in MIP and MEP was observed post-exercise vs. pre-exercise but was not different between conditions. CONCLUSIONS Breathing heliox has a limited effect on performance during a 5-km time trial in master athletes despite a reduction in respiratory muscle force development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni Haddad
- LAMHESS, Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université Côte d'Azur, 261 Bd du Mercantour, 06200, Nice, France.
- Centre VADER, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France.
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia.
| | - Valentin Mons
- LAMHESS, Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université Côte d'Azur, 261 Bd du Mercantour, 06200, Nice, France
- Centre VADER, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
- LJAD, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice, France
| | - Olivier Meste
- Lab I3S, Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
| | - Jerome A Dempsey
- John Rankin Laboratory of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chris R Abbiss
- Centre for Exercise and Sport Science Research, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Jeanick Brisswalter
- LAMHESS, Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université Côte d'Azur, 261 Bd du Mercantour, 06200, Nice, France
- Centre VADER, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
| | - Gregory M Blain
- LAMHESS, Sciences et Techniques des Activités Physiques et Sportives, Université Côte d'Azur, 261 Bd du Mercantour, 06200, Nice, France
- Centre VADER, Université Côte d'Azur, Nice, France
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Kempf I, Schneider U. Monte Carlo model for ion mobility and diffusion for characteristic electric fields in nanodosimetry. Z Med Phys 2024; 34:140-152. [PMID: 36803393 DOI: 10.1016/j.zemedi.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
The quantification of the effects of space radiation for manned spaceflight can be approximated by nanodosimetric measurements. For the development of nanodosimetric detectors, a Monte Carlo model for ion mobility and diffusion for characteristic electric fields is presented. This model can be used to describe the interactions of ions in their parent gas based solely on commonly known input parameters, such as the ionization potential, kinetic diameter, molar mass, and polarizability of the gas. A model for approximating the resonant charge exchange cross section has been proposed, requiring only the ionization energy and mass of the parent gas as input parameters. The method proposed in this work was tested against experimental drift velocity data for a wide range of gases (helium, neon, nitrogen, argon, krypton, carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen, propane). The transverse diffusion coefficients were compared to experimental values for helium, nitrogen, neon, argon, and propane gas. With the Monte Carlo code and resonant charge exchange cross section approximation model presented in this work, it is now possible to calculate an estimate of the drift velocities, transverse diffusion, and thus the ion mobility of ions in their parent gas. This is essential for further nanodosimetric detector development, as those parameters are often not well known for the gas mixtures used in nanodosimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Kempf
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Uwe Schneider
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland; Radiotherapy Hirslanden, Witellikerstrasse 40, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
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Carpentier P, van der Linden P, Mueller-Dieckmann C. The High-Pressure Freezing Laboratory for Macromolecular Crystallography (HPMX), an ancillary tool for the macromolecular crystallography beamlines at the ESRF. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:80-92. [PMID: 38265873 PMCID: PMC10836400 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323010707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
This article describes the High-Pressure Freezing Laboratory for Macromolecular Crystallography (HPMX) at the ESRF, and highlights new and complementary research opportunities that can be explored using this facility. The laboratory is dedicated to investigating interactions between macromolecules and gases in crystallo, and finds applications in many fields of research, including fundamental biology, biochemistry, and environmental and medical science. At present, the HPMX laboratory offers the use of different high-pressure cells adapted for helium, argon, krypton, xenon, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and methane. Important scientific applications of high pressure to macromolecules at the HPMX include noble-gas derivatization of crystals to detect and map the internal architecture of proteins (pockets, tunnels and channels) that allows the storage and diffusion of ligands or substrates/products, the investigation of the catalytic mechanisms of gas-employing enzymes (using oxygen, carbon dioxide or methane as substrates) to possibly decipher intermediates, and studies of the conformational fluctuations or structure modifications that are necessary for proteins to function. Additionally, cryo-cooling protein crystals under high pressure (helium or argon at 2000 bar) enables the addition of cryo-protectant to be avoided and noble gases can be employed to produce derivatives for structure resolution. The high-pressure systems are designed to process crystals along a well defined pathway in the phase diagram (pressure-temperature) of the gas to cryo-cool the samples according to the three-step `soak-and-freeze method'. Firstly, crystals are soaked in a pressurized pure gas atmosphere (at 294 K) to introduce the gas and facilitate its interactions within the macromolecules. Samples are then flash-cooled (at 100 K) while still under pressure to cryo-trap macromolecule-gas complexation states or pressure-induced protein modifications. Finally, the samples are recovered after depressurization at cryo-temperatures. The final section of this publication presents a selection of different typical high-pressure experiments carried out at the HPMX, showing that this technique has already answered a wide range of scientific questions. It is shown that the use of different gases and pressure conditions can be used to probe various effects, such as mapping the functional internal architectures of enzymes (tunnels in the haloalkane dehalogenase DhaA) and allosteric sites on membrane-protein surfaces, the interaction of non-inert gases with proteins (oxygen in the hydrogenase ReMBH) and pressure-induced structural changes of proteins (tetramer dissociation in urate oxidase). The technique is versatile and the provision of pressure cells and their application at the HPMX is gradually being extended to address new scientific questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Carpentier
- Université Grenoble Alpes CEA CNRS, IRIG–LCBM UMR 5249, 17 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
- ESRF, The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Peter van der Linden
- ESRF, PSCM (Partnership for Soft Condensed Matter), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
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12
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Allen FI, De Teresa JM, Onoa B. Focused Helium Ion and Electron Beam-Induced Deposition of Organometallic Tips for Dynamic Atomic Force Microscopy of Biomolecules in Liquid. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:4439-4448. [PMID: 38244049 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c16407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
We demonstrate the fabrication of sharp nanopillars of high aspect ratio onto specialized atomic force microscopy (AFM) microcantilevers and their use for high-speed AFM of DNA and nucleoproteins in liquid. The fabrication technique uses localized charged-particle-induced deposition with either a focused beam of helium ions or electrons in a helium ion microscope (HIM) or scanning electron microscope (SEM). This approach enables customized growth onto delicate substrates with nanometer-scale placement precision and in situ imaging of the final tip structures using the HIM or SEM. Tip radii of <10 nm are obtained and the underlying microcantilever remains intact. Instead of the more commonly used organic precursors employed for bio-AFM applications, we use an organometallic precursor (tungsten hexacarbonyl) resulting in tungsten-containing tips. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a thin layer of carbon on the tips. The interaction of the new tips with biological specimens is therefore likely very similar to that of standard carbonaceous tips, with the added benefit of robustness. A further advantage of the organometallic tips is that compared to carbonaceous tips they better withstand UV-ozone cleaning treatments to remove residual organic contaminants between experiments, which are inevitable during the scanning of soft biomolecules in liquid. Our tips can also be grown onto the blunted tips of previously used cantilevers, thus providing a means to recycle specialized cantilevers and restore their performance to the original manufacturer specifications. Finally, a focused helium ion beam milling technique to reduce the tip radii and thus further improve lateral spatial resolution in the AFM scans is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frances I Allen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, California 97420, United States
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 97420, United States
- National Center for Electron Microscopy, Molecular Foundry, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 97420, United States
| | - José María De Teresa
- Instituto de Nanociencia y Materiales de Aragón (INMA), CSIC-Universidad de Zaragoza, Zaragoza 50009, Spain
| | - Bibiana Onoa
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 97420, United States
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13
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Yu S, Xiong W, Xu W, Chen Y. Heliox Protects SH-SY5Y Cells from Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion-Induced Ferroptosis. J Integr Neurosci 2024; 23:14. [PMID: 38287843 DOI: 10.31083/j.jin2301014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heliox shows protective effects against acute focal ischemia-reperfusion injury in the brain. However, further research is needed to unveil the intricate molecular mechanisms involved. Determining how heliox affects ferroptosis caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reoxygenation (OGD/R) in SH-SY5Y cells as well as the underlying mechanism was the goal of the current work. METHODS With the use of 2',7'-Dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), JC-1, and methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium, we assessed the survival, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential in SH-SY5Y cells after they had been exposed to OGD/R and heliox. The expression of molecules associated with ferroptosis and the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/AKT) pathway was analyzed using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and immunoblotting, while malondialdehyde (MDA), oxidized glutathione disulfide (GSSG), ferrous ion (Fe2+), and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels were evaluated using biochemical kits. RESULTS OGD/R treatment reduced the GSH to GSSG ratio; the potential of the mitochondrial membrane; the expression of the proteins GSH, SLC7A11, and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4); and the ability of SH-SY5Y cells to survive. In contrast, OGD/R treatment increased the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), ACSL4, and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) proteins, the production of MDA and GSSG, and the levels of ROS and Fe2+. However, heliox effectively mitigated all these OGD/R-induced effects. Furthermore, in OGD/R-treated SH-SY5Y cells, heliox administration stimulated the PI3K/AKT pathway while suppressing the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway. When MK-2206, an AKT inhibitor, was applied concurrently to the cells, these outcomes were reversed. CONCLUSIONS Heliox prevents OGD/R from causing ferroptosis in SH-SY5Y cells by activating the PI3K/AKT pathway. This suggests a promising therapeutic potential for heliox use in the management of ischemia/reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Yu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004 Xiamen, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004 Xiamen, China
| | - Wanjing Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004 Xiamen, China
| | - Yafen Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Xiamen University, 361004 Xiamen, China
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14
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Loetzsch R, Beyer HF, Duval L, Spillmann U, Banaś D, Dergham P, Kröger FM, Glorius J, Grisenti RE, Guerra M, Gumberidze A, Heß R, Hillenbrand PM, Indelicato P, Jagodzinski P, Lamour E, Lorentz B, Litvinov S, Litvinov YA, Machado J, Paul N, Paulus GG, Petridis N, Santos JP, Scheidel M, Sidhu RS, Steck M, Steydli S, Szary K, Trotsenko S, Uschmann I, Weber G, Stöhlker T, Trassinelli M. Testing quantum electrodynamics in extreme fields using helium-like uranium. Nature 2024; 625:673-678. [PMID: 38267680 PMCID: PMC10808054 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06910-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Quantum electrodynamics (QED), the quantum field theory that describes the interaction between light and matter, is commonly regarded as the best-tested quantum theory in modern physics. However, this claim is mostly based on extremely precise studies performed in the domain of relatively low field strengths and light atoms and ions1-6. In the realm of very strong electromagnetic fields such as in the heaviest highly charged ions (with nuclear charge Z ≫ 1), QED calculations enter a qualitatively different, non-perturbative regime. Yet, the corresponding experimental studies are very challenging, and theoretical predictions are only partially tested. Here we present an experiment sensitive to higher-order QED effects and electron-electron interactions in the high-Z regime. This is achieved by using a multi-reference method based on Doppler-tuned X-ray emission from stored relativistic uranium ions with different charge states. The energy of the 1s1/22p3/2 J = 2 → 1s1/22s1/2 J = 1 intrashell transition in the heaviest two-electron ion (U90+) is obtained with an accuracy of 37 ppm. Furthermore, a comparison of uranium ions with different numbers of bound electrons enables us to disentangle and to test separately the one-electron higher-order QED effects and the bound electron-electron interaction terms without the uncertainty related to the nuclear radius. Moreover, our experimental result can discriminate between several state-of-the-art theoretical approaches and provides an important benchmark for calculations in the strong-field domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Loetzsch
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany.
| | - H F Beyer
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - L Duval
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - U Spillmann
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - D Banaś
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - P Dergham
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - F M Kröger
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - J Glorius
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R E Grisenti
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Guerra
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Gumberidze
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Heß
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - P-M Hillenbrand
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- I. Physikalisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität, Giessen, Germany
| | - P Indelicato
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - P Jagodzinski
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - E Lamour
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - B Lorentz
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Yu A Litvinov
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - J Machado
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - N Paul
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Sorbonne Université, ENS-PSL Research University, Collège de France, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - G G Paulus
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - N Petridis
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J P Santos
- Laboratory of Instrumentation, Biomedical Engineering and Radiation Physics (LIBPhys-UNL), Department of Physics, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - M Scheidel
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R S Sidhu
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- School of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - M Steck
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - S Steydli
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - K Szary
- Institute of Physics, Jan Kochanowski University, Kielce, Poland
| | - S Trotsenko
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - I Uschmann
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - G Weber
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Th Stöhlker
- Institut für Optik und Quantenelektronik, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität, Jena, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung, Darmstadt, Germany
- Helmholtz-Institut Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - M Trassinelli
- Institut des NanoSciences de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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15
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Osterhout JT, Farley KA, Wadhwa M, Treffkorn J, Kulczycki E. Helium Leak Rate Measurements of Flight-like Mars 2020 Sample Tubes. Astrobiology 2024; 24:36-43. [PMID: 38108628 PMCID: PMC10795500 DOI: 10.1089/ast.2023.0002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
The sample tubes on board NASA's Perseverance rover are designed to contain rocks, regolith, and atmospheric gases and are hermetically sealed on the surface of Mars to minimize sample loss, alteration, and contamination. Following a robust testing program during mission development, it was determined that the helium (He) leak rates of flight-like sample tubes sealed under a range of conditions were typically no greater than ∼10-10 standard cubic centimeters per second (scc/s); leak rates below this value could not be measured since this is the detection limit of commercially available He leak detectors. This limit was adequate to meet mission requirements. However, some scientific objectives could be compromised by sample tube leak rates even below 10-10 scc/s, thus motivating a more sensitive technique for establishing leak rates. This study investigated He leak rates on six flight-like sample tubes using a static mode mass spectrometer. Room temperature He leak rates of the six sample tubes ranged from ∼8.8 × 10-17 to ∼4.6 × 10-14 scc/s. One sample tube was analyzed at eight different temperatures, ranging from -51°C to +42°C, and yielded He leak rates correlated with temperature that varied from ∼1.7 × 10-15 to ∼1.4 × 10-13 scc/s, respectively. Our results confirm and extend previous findings demonstrating that the Mars 2020 sample tube seals are likely to be very leak-tight, with leak rates <10-13 scc/s. These leak rates are sufficiently low that the impact of gas egress or ingress is expected to be negligible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey T. Osterhout
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Kenneth A. Farley
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Meenakshi Wadhwa
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
- School of Earth and Space Exploration, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, USA
| | - Jonathan Treffkorn
- Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
| | - Eric Kulczycki
- NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, USA
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16
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Xiang J, Zhang C, Gao Y, Schmidt W, Schmalzl K, Wang CW, Li B, Xi N, Liu XY, Jin H, Li G, Shen J, Chen Z, Qi Y, Wan Y, Jin W, Li W, Sun P, Su G. Giant magnetocaloric effect in spin supersolid candidate Na 2BaCo(PO 4) 2. Nature 2024; 625:270-275. [PMID: 38200301 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06885-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Supersolid, an exotic quantum state of matter that consists of particles forming an incompressible solid structure while simultaneously showing superfluidity of zero viscosity1, is one of the long-standing pursuits in fundamental research2,3. Although the initial report of 4He supersolid turned out to be an artefact4, this intriguing quantum matter has inspired enthusiastic investigations into ultracold quantum gases5-8. Nevertheless, the realization of supersolidity in condensed matter remains elusive. Here we find evidence for a quantum magnetic analogue of supersolid-the spin supersolid-in the recently synthesized triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Na2BaCo(PO4)2 (ref. 9). Notably, a giant magnetocaloric effect related to the spin supersolidity is observed in the demagnetization cooling process, manifesting itself as two prominent valley-like regimes, with the lowest temperature attaining below 100 mK. Not only is there an experimentally determined series of critical fields but the demagnetization cooling profile also shows excellent agreement with the theoretical simulations with an easy-axis Heisenberg model. Neutron diffractions also successfully locate the proposed spin supersolid phases by revealing the coexistence of three-sublattice spin solid order and interlayer incommensurability indicative of the spin superfluidity. Thus, our results reveal a strong entropic effect of the spin supersolid phase in a frustrated quantum magnet and open up a viable and promising avenue for applications in sub-kelvin refrigeration, especially in the context of persistent concerns about helium shortages10,11.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsen Xiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chuandi Zhang
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wolfgang Schmidt
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Karin Schmalzl
- Jülich Centre for Neutron Science at Institut Laue-Langevin (ILL), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Chin-Wei Wang
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Lucas Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bo Li
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Xi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Yang Liu
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hai Jin
- Department of Astronomy, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ziyu Chen
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Wan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wentao Jin
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Wei Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Theoretical Physics, Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China.
- Peng Huanwu Collaborative Center for Research and Education, Beihang University, Beijing, China.
| | - Peijie Sun
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Gang Su
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China.
- Kavli Institute for Theoretical Sciences, and School of Physical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijng, China.
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17
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Karvonen K. Preparation of Borrelia-Infected Mammalian Cells for Helium Ion Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2742:123-129. [PMID: 38165620 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3561-2_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
Preparation of mammalian cells for a Borrelia burgdorferi infection can be cumbersome especially if investigating possible cell entry processes. The initial steps of infection or entry into cells by a pathogen often involve attachment to the cell surface and plasma membrane changes. To topologically investigate with great resolution and detail these interactions of the pathogen and the mammalian cell, helium ion microscopy (HIM) can be employed. Here we describe a protocol used to define a specific multiplicity of infection (MOI) of Borrelia burgdorferi on a human chondrosarcoma cell line (SW1353) so that fine detail structures on the mammalian cell can be observed and quantified by HIM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kati Karvonen
- Department of Biological and Environmental Science and Nanoscience Center, University of Jyväskylä, yväskylä, Finland.
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18
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de Jong FJ, Brinkman P, Wingelaar TT, van Ooij PJA, van Hulst RA. Pulmonary oxygen toxicity breath markers after heliox diving to 81 metres. Diving Hyperb Med 2023; 53:340-344. [PMID: 38091594 PMCID: PMC10944665 DOI: 10.28920/dhm53.4.340-344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary oxygen toxicity (POT), an adverse reaction to an elevated partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs, can develop as a result of prolonged hyperbaric hyperoxic conditions. Initially starting with tracheal discomfort, it results in pulmonary symptoms and ultimately lung fibrosis. Previous studies identified several volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath indicative of POT after various wet and dry hyperbaric hypoxic exposures, predominantly in laboratory settings. This study examined VOCs after exposures to 81 metres of seawater by three navy divers during operational heliox diving. Univariate testing did not yield significant results. However, targeted multivariate analysis of POT-associated VOCs identified significant (P = 0.004) changes of dodecane, tetradecane, octane, methylcyclohexane, and butyl acetate during the 4 h post-dive sampling period. No airway symptoms or discomfort were reported. This study demonstrates that breath sampling can be performed in the field, and VOCs indicative of oxygen toxicity are exhaled without clinical symptoms of POT, strengthening the belief that POT develops on a subclinical-to-symptomatic spectrum. However, this study was performed during an actual diving operation and therefore various confounders were introduced, which were excluded in previous laboratory studies. Future studies could focus on optimising sampling protocols for field use to ensure uniformity and reproducibility, and on establishing dose-response relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiko Jm de Jong
- Royal Netherlands Navy Diving and Submarine Medical Centre, 1780 CA, Den Helder, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Corresponding author: Feiko JM de Jong, Royal Netherlands Navy Diving and Submarine Medical Centre, Rijkszee-en Marinehaven, Postbus 10.000, 1780 CA, Den Helder, The Netherlands, ORCiD: 0009-0008-9804-8307,
| | - Paul Brinkman
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Thijs T Wingelaar
- Royal Netherlands Navy Diving and Submarine Medical Centre, 1780 CA, Den Helder, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter-Jan Am van Ooij
- Royal Netherlands Navy Diving and Submarine Medical Centre, 1780 CA, Den Helder, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Robert A van Hulst
- Department of Anesthesiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, location AMC, 1100 DD, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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19
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Rovetta-Nogueira SDM, Borges AC, de Oliveira Filho M, Nishime TMC, Hein LRDO, Kostov KG, Koga-Ito CY. Helium Cold Atmospheric Plasma Causes Morphological and Biochemical Alterations in Candida albicans Cells. Molecules 2023; 28:7919. [PMID: 38067648 PMCID: PMC10707892 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Previous studies reported the promising inhibitory effect of cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) on Candida albicans. However, the exact mechanisms of CAP's action on the fungal cell are still poorly understood. This study aims to elucidate the CAP effect on C. albicans cell wall, by evaluating the alterations on its structure and biochemical composition; (2) Methods: C. albicans cells treated with Helium-CAP were analyzed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) in order to detect morphological, topographic and biochemical changes in the fungal cell wall. Cells treated with caspofungin were also analyzed for comparative purposes; (3) Results: Expressive morphological and topographic changes, such as increased roughness and shape modification, were observed in the cells after CAP exposure. The alterations detected were similar to those observed after the treatment with caspofungin. The main biochemical changes occurred in polysaccharides content, and an overall decrease in glucans and an increase in chitin synthesis were detected; (4) Conclusions: Helium-CAP caused morphological and topographic alterations in C. albicans cells and affected the cell wall polysaccharide content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina de Moura Rovetta-Nogueira
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, Department of Environment Engineering, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12247-016, SP, Brazil; (S.d.M.R.-N.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Aline Chiodi Borges
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, Department of Environment Engineering, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12247-016, SP, Brazil; (S.d.M.R.-N.); (A.C.B.)
| | - Maurício de Oliveira Filho
- Department of Materials and Technology, Guaratinguetá Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil; (M.d.O.F.); (L.R.d.O.H.)
| | | | - Luis Rogerio de Oliveira Hein
- Department of Materials and Technology, Guaratinguetá Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil; (M.d.O.F.); (L.R.d.O.H.)
| | - Konstantin Georgiev Kostov
- Department of Physics, Guaratinguetá Faculty of Engineering, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Guaratinguetá 12516-410, SP, Brazil;
| | - Cristiane Yumi Koga-Ito
- Oral Biopathology Graduate Program, Department of Environment Engineering, São José dos Campos Institute of Science & Technology, São Paulo State University (UNESP), São José dos Campos 12247-016, SP, Brazil; (S.d.M.R.-N.); (A.C.B.)
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20
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Badier JM, Schwartz D, Bénar CG, Kanzari K, Daligault S, Romain R, Mitryukovskiy S, Fourcault W, Josselin V, Le Prado M, Jung J, Palacios-Laloy A, Romain C, Bartolomei F, Labyt E, Bonini F. Helium Optically Pumped Magnetometers Can Detect Epileptic Abnormalities as Well as SQUIDs as Shown by Intracerebral Recordings. eNeuro 2023; 10:ENEURO.0222-23.2023. [PMID: 37932045 PMCID: PMC10748329 DOI: 10.1523/eneuro.0222-23.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetoencephalography based on superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) has been shown to improve the diagnosis and surgical treatment decision for presurgical evaluation of drug-resistant epilepsy. Still, its use remains limited because of several constraints such as cost, fixed helmet size, and the obligation of immobility. A new generation of sensors, optically pumped magnetometers (OPMs), could overcome these limitations. In this study, we validate the ability of helium-based OPM (4He-OPM) sensors to record epileptic brain activity thanks to simultaneous recordings with intracerebral EEG [stereotactic EEG (SEEG)]. We recorded simultaneous SQUIDs-SEEG and 4He-OPM-SEEG signals in one patient during two sessions. We show that epileptic activities on intracerebral EEG can be recorded by OPMs with a better signal-to noise ratio than classical SQUIDs. The OPM sensors open new venues for the widespread application of magnetoencephalography in the management of epilepsy and other neurologic diseases and fundamental neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Michel Badier
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Denis Schwartz
- MEG Departement, CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon 69003, France
| | - Christian-George Bénar
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | - Khoubeib Kanzari
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
| | | | - Rudy Romain
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Sergey Mitryukovskiy
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - William Fourcault
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Vincent Josselin
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
| | - Matthieu Le Prado
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Julien Jung
- Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon, Unité Mixte de Recherche S1028, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université Lyon 1, Lyon 69002, France
| | - Augustin Palacios-Laloy
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Carron Romain
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- Department of Functional and Stereotactic Neurosurgery, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 3005, France
| | - Fabrice Bartolomei
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- Department of Epileptology and Cerebral Rythmology, Hôpital de la Timone, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille 3005, France
| | - Etienne Labyt
- CEA-LETI, MINATEC, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble 38054, France
- MAG4Health, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Francesca Bonini
- Institut de Neurosciences des Systèmes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Aix Marseille Université, Marseille 13005, France
- MEG Departement, CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, Lyon 69003, France
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21
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Shirmohammad M, Short MA, Zeng H. Collision Enhanced Raman Scattering (CERS): An Ultra-High Efficient Raman Enhancement Technique for Hollow Core Photonic Crystal Fiber Based Raman Spectroscopy Gas Analyzer. Biosensors (Basel) 2023; 13:979. [PMID: 37998154 PMCID: PMC10669419 DOI: 10.3390/bios13110979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Raman enhancement techniques are essential for gas analysis to increase the detection sensitivity of a Raman spectroscopy system. We have developed an efficient Raman enhancement technique called the collision-enhanced Raman scattering (CERS), where the active Raman gas as the analyte is mixed with a buffer gas inside the hollow-core photonic-crystal fiber (HCPCF) of a fiber-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (FERS) system. This results in an enhanced Raman signal from the analyte gas. In this study, we first showed that the intensity of the 587 cm-1 stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) peak of H2 confined in an HCPCF is enhanced by as much as five orders of magnitude by mixing with a buffer gas such as helium or N2. Secondly, we showed that the magnitudes of Raman enhancement depend on the type of buffer gas, with helium being more efficient compared to N2. This makes helium a favorable buffer gas for CERS. Thirdly, we applied CERS for Raman measurements of propene, a metabolically interesting volatile organic compound (VOC) with an association to lung cancer. CERS resulted in a substantial enhancement of propene Raman peaks. In conclusion, the CERS we developed is a simple and efficient Raman-enhancing mechanism for improving gas analysis. It has great potential for application in breath analysis for lung cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Shirmohammad
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Michael A. Short
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
| | - Haishan Zeng
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada;
- Imaging Unit, Integrative Oncology Department, BC Cancer Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1L3, Canada;
- Department of Dermatology and Skin Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E8, Canada
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22
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Chatzipapas K, Dordevic M, Zivkovic S, Tran NH, Lampe N, Sakata D, Petrovic I, Ristic-Fira A, Shin WG, Zein S, Brown JMC, Kyriakou I, Emfietzoglou D, Guatelli S, Incerti S. Geant4-DNA simulation of human cancer cells irradiation with helium ion beams. Phys Med 2023; 112:102613. [PMID: 37356419 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2023.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop a computational environment for the accurate simulation of human cancer cell irradiation using Geant4-DNA. New cell geometrical models were developed and irradiated by alpha particle beams to induce DNA damage. The proposed approach may help further investigation of the benefits of external alpha irradiation therapy. METHODS The Geant4-DNA Monte Carlo (MC) toolkit allows the simulation of cancer cell geometries that can be combined with accurate modelling of physical, physicochemical and chemical stages of liquid water irradiation, including radiolytic processes. Geant4-DNA is used to calculate direct and non-direct DNA damage yields, such as single and double strand breaks, produced by the deposition of energy or by the interaction of DNA with free radicals. RESULTS In this study, the "molecularDNA" example application of Geant4-DNA was used to quantify early DNA damage in human cancer cells upon irradiation with alpha particle beams, as a function of linear energy transfer (LET). The MC simulation results are compared to experimental data, as well as previously published simulation data. The simulation results agree well with the experimental data on DSB yields in the lower LET range, while the experimental data on DSB yields are lower than the results obtained with the "molecularDNA" example in the higher LET range. CONCLUSION This study explored and demonstrated the possibilities of the Geant4-DNA toolkit together with the "molecularDNA" example to simulate the helium beam irradiation of cancer cell lines, to quantify the early DNA damage, or even the following DNA damage response.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Milos Dordevic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sara Zivkovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ngoc Hoang Tran
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2i, UMR5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | | | - Dousatsu Sakata
- Division of Health Sciences, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ivan Petrovic
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Ristic-Fira
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences, National Institute of the Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Mike Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11351 Vinca, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Wook-Geun Shin
- Physics Division, Department of Radiation Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114 MA, USA
| | - Sara Zein
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2i, UMR5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
| | - Jeremy M C Brown
- Optical Sciences Centre, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn 3122, Australia
| | - Ioanna Kyriakou
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Dimitris Emfietzoglou
- Medical Physics Laboratory, Department of Medicine, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Susanna Guatelli
- Centre for Medical Radiation Physics, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
| | - Sebastien Incerti
- University of Bordeaux, CNRS, LP2i, UMR5797, F-33170 Gradignan, France
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23
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Zhu D, Liu D, Zhao Y, Li H, Wang Z, Lu N. Study of coaxial-dual-gap dielectric barrier discharge based on capillary: discharge characteristics and Escherichia coli decontamination. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad183. [PMID: 37573137 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The medical capillary catheters occupy a high proportion of medical diagnosis, monitoring, and treatment devices, and will cause serious cross-infection without being disinfected adequately. This paper presents a new plasma structure for efficient inactivation of harmful microorganisms in medical capillaries. METHODS AND RESULTS An innovative coaxial-dual-gap dielectric barrier discharge reactor powered by nanosecond-pulsed power supply was designed for disinfection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) inside and outside medical capillary catheters in this work. Atmospheric helium plasma (AHP) and atmospheric air plasma (AAP) were successfully obtained inside and outside capillary (0.6 mm inner diameter and 1.0 mm outer diameter), respectively. The electrical and optical characteristics of AHP and AAP were investigated. As the threshold of applied voltage amplitude (Uamp) was <7.0 kV, only one helium glow discharge was generated inside the capillary at the rising and falling stages of pulse voltage. As the Uamp exceeded the threshold, two helium glow discharges were generated that further caused generation of air discharge. Under the Uamp of 9.0 kV, the production of AHP lowered the breakdown voltage in air gap, resulting in the formation of high-volume and uniform AAP, which was conducive to the realization of full inactivation. The inactivation rates of E. coli reached 98.13% and 99.99% by 2 min AHP and 0.5 min AAP treatment, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The electrical stress of AHP and the reactive oxygen and nitrogen species produced by AAP were contributed to the inactivation of E. coli. The results of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) show that plasma treatment can destroy the cellular structure of E. coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- State Grid Heilongjiang Electric Power Supply Company Limited Economic Research Institute, Harbin 150036, China
| | - Dongping Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
- School of Physics, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Haiyu Li
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Zhishang Wang
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Na Lu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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24
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Wahab OJ, Daviddi E, Xin B, Sun PZ, Griffin E, Colburn AW, Barry D, Yagmurcukardes M, Peeters FM, Geim AK, Lozada-Hidalgo M, Unwin PR. Proton transport through nanoscale corrugations in two-dimensional crystals. Nature 2023; 620:782-786. [PMID: 37612394 PMCID: PMC10447238 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06247-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Defect-free graphene is impermeable to all atoms1-5 and ions6,7 under ambient conditions. Experiments that can resolve gas flows of a few atoms per hour through micrometre-sized membranes found that monocrystalline graphene is completely impermeable to helium, the smallest atom2,5. Such membranes were also shown to be impermeable to all ions, including the smallest one, lithium6,7. By contrast, graphene was reported to be highly permeable to protons, nuclei of hydrogen atoms8,9. There is no consensus, however, either on the mechanism behind the unexpectedly high proton permeability10-14 or even on whether it requires defects in graphene's crystal lattice6,8,15-17. Here, using high-resolution scanning electrochemical cell microscopy, we show that, although proton permeation through mechanically exfoliated monolayers of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride cannot be attributed to any structural defects, nanoscale non-flatness of two-dimensional membranes greatly facilitates proton transport. The spatial distribution of proton currents visualized by scanning electrochemical cell microscopy reveals marked inhomogeneities that are strongly correlated with nanoscale wrinkles and other features where strain is accumulated. Our results highlight nanoscale morphology as an important parameter enabling proton transport through two-dimensional crystals, mostly considered and modelled as flat, and indicate that strain and curvature can be used as additional degrees of freedom to control the proton permeability of two-dimensional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- O J Wahab
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - E Daviddi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - B Xin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - P Z Sun
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - E Griffin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - A W Colburn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - D Barry
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - M Yagmurcukardes
- Department of Photonics, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Turkey
| | - F M Peeters
- Departement Fysica, Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerp, Belgium
- Departamento de Fisica, Universidade Federal do Ceara, Fortaleza, Brazil
| | - A K Geim
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - M Lozada-Hidalgo
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
- National Graphene Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
| | - P R Unwin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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Webb JT, Charles JB, Campbell MR. U.S. Air Force Manned Orbiting Laboratory Cabin Atmosphere Research Involving Helium. Aerosp Med Hum Perform 2023; 94:565-567. [PMID: 37349923 DOI: 10.3357/amhp.6225.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/24/2023]
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Rabin BM, Miller MG, Shukitt-Hale B. Effects of preexposure to a subthreshold dose of helium particles on the changes in performance produced by exposure to helium particles. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2023; 37:88-96. [PMID: 37087183 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
On exploratory class missions, such as a mission to Mars, astronauts will be exposed to doses of particles of high energy and charge and protons up to 30 - 40 cGy. These exposures will most likely occur at random intervals across the estimated 3-yr duration of the mission. As such, the possibility of an interaction between particles must be taken into account: a prior subthreshold exposure to one particle may prevent or minimize the effect of a subsequent exposure (adaptation), or there may be an additive effect such that the prior exposure may sensitize the individual to a subsequent exposure of the same or different radiations. Two identical replications were run in which rats were exposed to a below threshold dose of 4He particles and 2, 24 or 72 h later given either a second below threshold or an above threshold dose of 4He particles and tested for performance on an operant task. The results indicate that preexposure to a subthreshold dose of 4He particles can either sensitize or attenuate the effects of the subsequent dose, depending upon the interval between exposures and the doses. These results suggest that exposure to multiple doses of heavy particles may have implications for astronaut health on exploratory class missions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard M Rabin
- Department of Psychology, UMBC, Baltimore, MD 21250, United States of America.
| | - Marshall G Miller
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke Univ., Durham, NC 27710, United States of America
| | - Barbara Shukitt-Hale
- Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, USDA, Tufts Univ., Boston, MA 02111, United States of America
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27
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de Macedo JRFF, Reychler G, Liistro G, Poncin W. Short-Term Effect of Intermittent Intrapulmonary Deflation on Air Trapping in Patients With COPD. Respir Care 2023; 68:478-487. [PMID: 36810360 PMCID: PMC10173120 DOI: 10.4187/respcare.10398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intermittent intrapulmonary deflation is an airway clearance technique that generates negative pressure during expiratory phases. This technology is intended to reduce air trapping by delaying the onset of air-flow limitation during exhalation. The objective of this study was to compare the short-term effect of intermittent intrapulmonary deflation versus positive expiratory pressure (PEP) therapy on trapped gas volume and vital capacity (VC) in patients with COPD. METHODS We designed a randomized crossover study in which the participants with COPD received a 20-min session of both intermittent intrapulmonary deflation and PEP therapy on separate days and in random order. Lung volumes were measured via body plethysmography and helium dilution techniques, and spirometric outcomes were reviewed before and after each therapy. The trapped gas volume was estimated via functional residual capacity (FRC), residual volume (RV), and by the difference between FRC obtained through body plethysmography and helium dilution. Each participant also performed 3 VC maneuvers, from total lung capacity to RV with both devices. RESULTS Twenty participants with COPD (mean ± SD ages 67 ± 8 y; FEV1 48.1 ± 17.0%) were recruited. There was no difference between the devices in FRC or trapped gas volume. However, the RV decreased more during intermittent intrapulmonary deflation compared with PEP. The intermittent intrapulmonary deflation mobilized a larger expiratory volume than PEP during the VC maneuver (mean difference 389 mL, 95% CI 128-650 mL; P = .003). CONCLUSIONS The RV decreased after intermittent intrapulmonary deflation compared with PEP, but this effect was not captured by other estimates of hyperinflation. Although the expiratory volume obtained during the VC maneuver with intermittent intrapulmonary deflation was greater than that obtained with PEP, the clinical importance as well as the long-term effects remain to be determined.(ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT04157972.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Ribeiro Fonseca Franco de Macedo
- Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL and Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
- Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Secteur de Kinésithérapie et Ergothérapie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gregory Reychler
- Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL and Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Secteur de Kinésithérapie et Ergothérapie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giuseppe Liistro
- Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL and Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - William Poncin
- Institute de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL and Dermatologie, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
- Service de Pneumologie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
- Secteur de Kinésithérapie et Ergothérapie, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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28
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Fullarton R, Volz L, Dikaios N, Schulte R, Royle G, Evans PM, Seco J, Collins‐Fekete C. A likelihood-based particle imaging filter using prior information. Med Phys 2023; 50:2336-2353. [PMID: 36727634 PMCID: PMC10947404 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Particle imaging can increase precision in proton and ion therapy. Interactions with nuclei in the imaged object increase image noise and reduce image quality, especially for multinucleon ions that can fragment, such as helium. PURPOSE This work proposes a particle imaging filter, referred to as the Prior Filter, based on using prior information in the form of an estimated relative stopping power (RSP) map and the principles of electromagnetic interaction, to identify particles that have undergone nuclear interaction. The particles identified as having undergone nuclear interactions are then excluded from the image reconstruction, reducing the image noise. METHODS The Prior Filter uses Fermi-Eyges scattering and Tschalär straggling theories to determine the likelihood that a particle only interacts electromagnetically. A threshold is then set to reject those particles with a low likelihood. The filter was evaluated and compared with a filter that estimates this likelihood based on the measured distribution of energy and scattering angle within pixels, commonly implemented as the 3σ filter. Reconstructed radiographs from simulated data of a 20-cm water cylinder and an anthropomorphic chest phantom were generated with both protons and helium ions to assess the effect of the filters on noise reduction. The simulation also allowed assessment of secondary particle removal through the particle histories. Experimental data were acquired of the Catphan CTP 404 Sensitometry phantom using the U.S. proton CT (pCT) collaboration prototype scanner. The proton and helium images were filtered with both the prior filtering method and a state-of-the-art method including an implementation of the 3σ filter. For both cases, a dE-E telescope filter, designed for this type of detector, was also applied. RESULTS The proton radiographs showed a small reduction in noise (1 mm of water-equivalent thickness [WET]) but a larger reduction in helium radiographs (up to 5-6 mm of WET) due to better secondary filtering. The proton and helium CT images reflected this, with similar noise at the center of the phantom (0.02 RSP) for the proton images and an RSP noise of 0.03 for the proposed filter and 0.06 for the 3σ filter in the helium images. Images reconstructed from data with a dose reduction, up to a factor of 9, maintained a lower noise level using the Prior Filter over the state-of-the-art filtering method. CONCLUSIONS The proposed filter results in images with equal or reduced noise compared to those that have undergone a filtering method typical of current particle imaging studies. This work also demonstrates that the proposed filter maintains better performance against the state of the art with up to a nine-fold dose reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Fullarton
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Lennart Volz
- Department of Biomedical Physics in Radiation OncologyDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Physics and AstronomyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
- GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research GmbHDarmstadtGermany
| | - Nikolaos Dikaios
- Centre for Vision Speech and Signal ProcessingUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
- Mathematics Research CenterAcademy of AthensAthensGreece
| | - Reinhard Schulte
- Department of Basic SciencesDivision of Biomedical Engineering SciencesLoma Linda UniversityLoma LindaCaliforniaUSA
| | - Gary Royle
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical EngineeringUniversity College LondonLondonUK
| | - Philip M. Evans
- Centre for Vision Speech and Signal ProcessingUniversity of SurreyGuildfordUK
- Chemical, Medical and Environmental ScienceNational Physical LaboratoryTeddingtonUK
| | - Joao Seco
- Department of Biomedical Physics in Radiation OncologyDeutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ)HeidelbergGermany
- Department of Physics and AstronomyHeidelberg UniversityHeidelbergGermany
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Gutteling TP, Bonnefond M, Clausner T, Daligault S, Romain R, Mitryukovskiy S, Fourcault W, Josselin V, Le Prado M, Palacios-Laloy A, Labyt E, Jung J, Schwartz D. A New Generation of OPM for High Dynamic and Large Bandwidth MEG: The 4He OPMs-First Applications in Healthy Volunteers. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23052801. [PMID: 36905007 PMCID: PMC10006929 DOI: 10.3390/s23052801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
MagnetoEncephaloGraphy (MEG) provides a measure of electrical activity in the brain at a millisecond time scale. From these signals, one can non-invasively derive the dynamics of brain activity. Conventional MEG systems (SQUID-MEG) use very low temperatures to achieve the necessary sensitivity. This leads to severe experimental and economical limitations. A new generation of MEG sensors is emerging: the optically pumped magnetometers (OPM). In OPM, an atomic gas enclosed in a glass cell is traversed by a laser beam whose modulation depends on the local magnetic field. MAG4Health is developing OPMs using Helium gas (4He-OPM). They operate at room temperature with a large dynamic range and a large frequency bandwidth and output natively a 3D vectorial measure of the magnetic field. In this study, five 4He-OPMs were compared to a classical SQUID-MEG system in a group of 18 volunteers to evaluate their experimental performances. Considering that the 4He-OPMs operate at real room temperature and can be placed directly on the head, our assumption was that 4He-OPMs would provide a reliable recording of physiological magnetic brain activity. Indeed, the results showed that the 4He-OPMs showed very similar results to the classical SQUID-MEG system by taking advantage of a shorter distance to the brain, despite having a lower sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tjerk P. Gutteling
- CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, MEG Departement, 69000 Lyon, France
- CRNL, UMR_S 1028, HCL, Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | | - Tommy Clausner
- CRNL, UMR_S 1028, HCL, Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | | | | | | | - William Fourcault
- CEA LETI, Minatec Campus, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Josselin
- CEA LETI, Minatec Campus, Université Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | - Julien Jung
- CRNL, UMR_S 1028, HCL, Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
| | - Denis Schwartz
- CERMEP-Imagerie du Vivant, MEG Departement, 69000 Lyon, France
- CRNL, UMR_S 1028, HCL, Université Lyon 1, 69000 Lyon, France
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Shahkarami P, Sidborn M. Simulation of Helium transport in fractured rocks: Implementation of a dual continuum model in DarcyTools. J Contam Hydrol 2023; 253:104123. [PMID: 36565534 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2022.104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The main purpose of this work is to present a new analytical solution to study the transient matrix diffusion problem in fractured rocks. The solution is based on a Dual Continuum Model (DCM) and accounts for a zero-order source term in the matrix. The new solution can therefore be applied to describe transport of naturally occurring elements in rock minerals, such as those generated by radioactive decay, i.e., Helium. Also presented in this paper, is a conceptual model to estimate the DCM parameters from properties of an equivalent continuous porous medium (ECPM), thus allowing to incorporate transport calculations within a secondary continuum, i.e., matrix, in ECPM models. For practical applications, the new analytical solution is implemented in a Fortran module that can be readily coupled to a multi-component transport solver, i.e., DarcyTools. This allows DarcyTools to apply the DCM as a subgrid model and thus carry out simultaneous matrix diffusion and transport calculations in a bedrock, with or without including the source term. Since due to the apparent difference in transport time scales in fracture and matrix, simulation results can be sensitive to the grid size and time step taken by the solver, a comparison study is carried out to evaluate the accuracy of the numerical results in a two-dimensional fracture-matrix system. Implementation of the DCM is also verified by comparing the DarcyTools predicted results with exact solutions. For this purpose, a new semi-analytical solution is also derived in the Laplace domain to calculate a solute breakthrough curve in the fracture. Excellent agreement in results is found for the two solutes considered, namely, a non-reactive tracer and Helium generated as alpha particles by radioactive decay in the matrix. Furthermore, the DCM is incorporated in a large-scale three-dimensional transport model to describe concentration distribution of the given solutes in a fractured bedrock. The results suggest that the DCM implementation can effectively capture the impact of mass exchange between fractures and rock matrix in the bedrock.
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31
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Trachenko K. Microscopic dynamics and Bose-Einstein condensation in liquid helium. J Phys Condens Matter 2023; 35:085101. [PMID: 36595229 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/acaba3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
We review fundamental problems involved in liquid theory including both classical and quantum liquids. Understanding classical liquids involves exploring details of their microscopic dynamics and its consequences. Here, we apply the same general idea to quantum liquids. We discuss momentum condensation in liquid helium which is consistent with microscopic dynamics in liquids and high mobility of liquid atoms. We propose that mobile transit atoms accumulate in the finite-energy state where the transit speed is close to the speed of sound. In this state, the transit energy is close to the oscillatory zero-point energy. In momentum space, the accumulation operates on a sphere with the radius set by interatomic spacing and corresponds to zero net momentum. We show that this picture is supported by experiments, including the measured kinetic energy of helium atoms below the superfluid transition and sharp peaks of scattered intensity at predicted energy. We discuss the implications of this picture including the macroscopic wave function and superfluidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Trachenko
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
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Mardani Korrani F, Amooaghaie R, Ahadi A. He-Ne Laser Enhances Seed Germination and Salt Acclimation in Salvia officinalis Seedlings in a Manner Dependent on Phytochrome and H 2O 2. Protoplasma 2023; 260:103-116. [PMID: 35471709 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-022-01762-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In the current study the role of H2O2 in He-Ne laser-induced effects on seed germination and post-germinative performance of Salvia officinalis seedlings was assessed under both non-stress and saline conditions. Salinity had adverse impacts on seed germination and root length and decreased seed germination tolerance index. Seed priming with H2O2 and He-Ne laser impacted the seed germination and vigoration in a dose-dependent manner. The optimal effects were gathered by energy dose of 6 J/cm2 laser and concentration of 5 mM H2O2. These pre-treatments enhanced seed germination due to increasing contents of total soluble and reducing sugars and the amylase activity in seeds and improved seedling performance under saline and non-saline conditions. Furthermore, Phy B transcripts were upregulated, salt-accrued oxidative stress was mitigated, and the activities of POD and CAT increased in seedlings primed with H2O2 and laser. Interestingly, applying diphenyleneiodonium (DPI as an inhibitor of NADPH oxidase activity) and N, N-dimethyl thiourea (DMTU as a H2O2 scavenger) arrested the upregulation of phy B gene and abolished stimulatory impact of laser priming on the aforementioned attributes under both non-stress and saline conditions. These novel findings suggest that H2O2 as a downstream signal modulates the impacts of He-Ne laser on seed germination, seedling performance and salt acclimation in sage seedlings, and likely phy B also is involved in these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rayhaneh Amooaghaie
- Plant Science Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
| | - Alimohammad Ahadi
- Genetic Department, Science Faculty, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
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Yu X, Yin B, Lin M. Removal of contamination in helium for precise SF 6 -based Δ 36 S measurements. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9404. [PMID: 36166321 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Quantifications of quadruple sulfur isotopic compositions (δ34 S, Δ33 S, and Δ36 S) of sulfur-bearing compounds in nature are valuable for providing new insights into the Earth's evolution such as the crust-mantle cycle, oxygenation of atmosphere and oceans, and the origin and evolution of early life. SF6 -based isotope ratio mass spectrometry is the most widely used method of quantification, but Δ36 S measurements at high precision and accuracy have always been technically difficult due to the low abundance of 36 S (~0.01%). In this paper, we identify a major source of isobaric interferences (i.e., contamination in helium carrier gas in the gas chromatography purification step) and propose a simple strategy to solve this problem. METHODS An SF6 fluorination and purification system was built. Laboratory SF6 reference gas and international Ag2 S standard (IAEA-S1) were used as reference materials to test our method. Contamination from helium carrier gas (99.999%) was purified by a simple two-step cryogenic method to allow for accurate and precise measurements of Δ36 S using the SF6 -based isotope ratio mass spectrometry method. RESULTS Without proper purification of helium carrier gas, large errors in Δ36 S measurements were found. Measured Δ36 S values of SF6 with trace contamination from helium were >10‰ higher than expected values. Using a newly developed purification strategy, the difference in Δ36 S values of SF6 before and after passing through the gas chromatography is less than instrumental errors (<0.2‰). Our improved method yielded an overall Δ36 S precision for IAEA-S1 of 0.12‰ (n = 6). This precision is comparable to that found by other laboratories around the world. CONCLUSION Our simple two-step cryogenic method significantly improved the accuracy and precision of Δ36 S measurements and is therefore recommended for future determination of quadruple sulfur isotopic compositions in natural samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry and CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
| | - Binyan Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry and CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Isotope Geochemistry and CAS Center for Excellence in Deep Earth Science, Guangzhou Institute of Geochemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Grenev IV, Gavrilov VY. In Silico Screening of Metal-Organic Frameworks and Zeolites for He/N 2 Separation. Molecules 2022; 28:molecules28010020. [PMID: 36615216 PMCID: PMC9822448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
In silico screening of 10,143 metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and 218 all-silica zeolites for adsorption-based and membrane-based He and N2 separation was performed. As a result of geometry-based prescreening, structures having zero accessible surface area (ASA) and pore limiting diameter (PLD) less than 3.75 Å were eliminated. So, both gases can be adsorbed and pass-through MOF and zeolite pores. The Grand canonical Monte Carlo (GCMC) and equilibrium molecular dynamics (EMD) methods were used to estimate the Henry's constants and self-diffusion coefficients at infinite dilution conditions, as well as the adsorption capacity of an equimolar mixture of helium and nitrogen at various pressures. Based on the obtained results, adsorption, diffusion and membrane selectivities as well as membrane permeabilities were calculated. The separation potential of zeolites and MOFs was evaluated in the vacuum and pressure swing adsorption processes. In the case of membrane-based separation, we focused on the screening of nitrogen-selective membranes. MOFs were demonstrated to be more efficient than zeolites for both adsorption-based and membrane-based separation. The analysis of structure-performance relationships for using these materials for adsorption-based and membrane-based separation of He and N2 made it possible to determine the ranges of structural parameters, such as pore-limiting diameter, largest cavity diameter, surface area, porosity, accessible surface area and pore volume corresponding to the most promising MOFs for each separation model discussed in this study. The top 10 most promising MOFs were determined for membrane-based, vacuum swing adsorption and pressure swing adsorption separation methods. The effect of the electrostatic interaction between the quadrupole moment of nitrogen molecules and MOF atoms on the main adsorption and diffusion characteristics was studied. The obtained results can be used as a guide for selection of frameworks for He/N2 separation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan V. Grenev
- Department of Physics, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogova Str. 1, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Boreskov Institute of Catalysis, Ac. Lavrentiev Av. 5, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence:
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de Freitas Nascimento L, Leblans P, van der Heyden B, Akselrod M, Goossens J, Correa Rocha LE, Vaniqui A, Verellen D. Characterisation and Quenching Correction for an Al 2O 3:C Optical Fibre Real Time System in Therapeutic Proton, Helium, and Carbon-Charged Beams. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22239178. [PMID: 36501879 DOI: 10.1016/j.sna.2022.113781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Real time radioluminescence fibre-based detectors were investigated for application in proton, helium, and carbon therapy dosimetry. The Al2O3:C probes are made of one single crystal (1 mm) and two droplets of micro powder in two sizes (38 μm and 4 μm) mixed with a water-equivalent binder. The fibres were irradiated behind different thicknesses of solid slabs, and the Bragg curves presented a quenching effect attributed to the nonlinear response of the radioluminescence (RL) signal as a function of linear energy transfer (LET). Experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations were utilised to acquire a quenching correction method, adapted from Birks' formulation, to restore the linear dose-response for particle therapy beams. The method for quenching correction was applied and yielded the best results for the '4 μm' optical fibre probe, with an agreement at the Bragg peak of 1.4% (160 MeV), and 1.5% (230 MeV) for proton-charged particles; 2.4% (150 MeV/u) for helium-charged particles and of 4.8% (290 MeV/u) and 2.9% (400 MeV/u) for the carbon-charged particles. The most substantial deviations for the '4 μm' optical fibre probe were found at the falloff regions, with ~3% (protons), ~5% (helium) and 6% (carbon).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Akselrod
- Landauer, Stillwater Crystal Growth Division, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA
| | - Jo Goossens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Iridium Netwerk, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis Enrique Correa Rocha
- Department of Economics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Vaniqui
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Dirk Verellen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Iridium Netwerk, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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36
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de Freitas Nascimento L, Leblans P, van der Heyden B, Akselrod M, Goossens J, Correa Rocha LE, Vaniqui A, Verellen D. Characterisation and Quenching Correction for an Al 2O 3:C Optical Fibre Real Time System in Therapeutic Proton, Helium, and Carbon-Charged Beams. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 22:s22239178. [PMID: 36501879 PMCID: PMC9737660 DOI: 10.3390/s22239178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Real time radioluminescence fibre-based detectors were investigated for application in proton, helium, and carbon therapy dosimetry. The Al2O3:C probes are made of one single crystal (1 mm) and two droplets of micro powder in two sizes (38 μm and 4 μm) mixed with a water-equivalent binder. The fibres were irradiated behind different thicknesses of solid slabs, and the Bragg curves presented a quenching effect attributed to the nonlinear response of the radioluminescence (RL) signal as a function of linear energy transfer (LET). Experimental data and Monte Carlo simulations were utilised to acquire a quenching correction method, adapted from Birks' formulation, to restore the linear dose-response for particle therapy beams. The method for quenching correction was applied and yielded the best results for the '4 μm' optical fibre probe, with an agreement at the Bragg peak of 1.4% (160 MeV), and 1.5% (230 MeV) for proton-charged particles; 2.4% (150 MeV/u) for helium-charged particles and of 4.8% (290 MeV/u) and 2.9% (400 MeV/u) for the carbon-charged particles. The most substantial deviations for the '4 μm' optical fibre probe were found at the falloff regions, with ~3% (protons), ~5% (helium) and 6% (carbon).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mark Akselrod
- Landauer, Stillwater Crystal Growth Division, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA
| | - Jo Goossens
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Iridium Netwerk, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Luis Enrique Correa Rocha
- Department of Economics, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ana Vaniqui
- Belgian Nuclear Research Centre, SCK CEN, 2400 Mol, Belgium
| | - Dirk Verellen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
- Iridium Netwerk, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Belgium
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Suman S, Kumar S, Kallakury BVS, Moon BH, Angdisen J, Datta K, Fornace AJ. Predominant contribution of the dose received from constituent heavy-ions in the induction of gastrointestinal tumorigenesis after simulated space radiation exposure. Radiat Environ Biophys 2022; 61:631-637. [PMID: 36167896 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-022-00997-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancer risk among astronauts after encountering galactic cosmic radiation (GCR) is predicted to exceed safe permissible limits in long duration deep-space missions. Current predictions are based on relative biological effectiveness (RBE) values derived from in-vivo studies using single-ion beams, while GCR is essentially a mixed radiation field composed of protons (H), helium (He), and heavy ions. Therefore, a sequentially delivered proton (H) → Helium (He) → Oxygen (O) → Silicon (Si) beam was designed to simulate simplified-mixed-field GCR (Smf-GCR), and Apc1638N/+ mice were total-body irradiated to sham or γ (157Cs) or Smf-GCR followed by assessment of GI-tumorigenesis at 150 days post-exposure. Further, GI-tumor data from equivalent doses of heavy-ions (i.e., 0.05 Gy of O and Si) in 0.5 Gy of Smf-GCR were compared to understand the contributions of heavy-ions in GI-tumorigenesis. The Smf-GCR-induced tumor and carcinoma count were significantly greater than γ-rays, and male preponderance for GI-tumorigenesis was consistent with our earlier findings. Comparison of tumor data from Smf-GCR and equivalent doses of heavy ions revealed an association between higher GI-tumorigenesis where dose received from heavy-ions contributed to > 95% of the total GI-tumorigenic effect observed after Smf-GCR. This study provides the first experimental evidence that cancer risk after GCR exposure could largely depend on doses received from constituent heavy-ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shubhankar Suman
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA.
| | - Santosh Kumar
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bhaskar V S Kallakury
- Department of Pathology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Bo-Hyun Moon
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Jerry Angdisen
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Kamal Datta
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
| | - Albert J Fornace
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Research Building, Room E504, 3970 Reservoir Rd., NW, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology and Department of Oncology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, 20057, USA
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Xu H, Kim SY, Chen D, Monchoux J, Voisin T, Sun C, Li J. Materials Genomics Search for Possible Helium-Absorbing Nano-Phases in Fusion Structural Materials. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 9:e2203555. [PMID: 36180389 PMCID: PMC9661827 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202203555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Civilian fusion demands structural materials that can withstand the harsh environments imposed inside fusion plasma reactors. The structural materials often transmute under 14.1 MeV fast neutrons, producing helium (He), which embrittles the grain boundary (GB) network. Here, it is shown that neutron-friendly and mechanically strong nano-phases with atomic-scale free volume can have low He-embedding energy E emb ${\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{emb}}$ and >10 at.% He-absorbing capacity, and can be especially advantageous for soaking up He on top of resisting radiation damage and creep, provided they have thermodynamic compatibility with the matrix phase, satisfactory equilibrium wetting angle, as well as a high enough melting point. The preliminary experimental demonstration proves that E emb ${\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{emb}}$ is a good ab initio predictor of He shielding potency in nano-heterophase materials, and thus, E emb ${\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{emb}}$ is used as a key feature for computational screening. In this context, a list of viable compounds expected to be good He-absorbing nano-phases is presented, taking into account E emb ${\mathcal{E}}_{\mathrm{emb}}$ , the neutron absorption and activation cross-sections, the elastic moduli, melting temperature, the thermodynamic compatibility, and the equilbrium wetting angle of the nano-phases with the Fe matrix as an example.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haowei Xu
- Department of Nuclear Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - So Yeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
| | - Di Chen
- Department of Physics and Texas Center for SuperconductivityUniversity of HoustonHoustonTX77204USA
| | - Jean‐Phillippe Monchoux
- Centre for Materials Elaboration and Structural StudiesUniversity of ToulouseFrench National Centre for Scientific ResearchToulouse31055France
| | - Thomas Voisin
- Materials Science DivisionLawrence Livermore National LaboratoryLivermoreCA94550USA
| | - Cheng Sun
- Characterization and Advanced PIE DivisionIdaho National LaboratoryIdaho FallsID83415USA
| | - Ju Li
- Department of Nuclear Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
- Department of Materials Science and EngineeringMassachusetts Institute of TechnologyCambridgeMA02139USA
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Cutroneo M, Torrisi L, Silipigni L, Michalcova A, Havranek V, Mackova A, Malinsky P, Lavrentiev V, Noga P, Dobrovodsky J, Slepicka P, Fajstavr D, Andò L, Holy V. Compositional and Structural Modifications by Ion Beam in Graphene Oxide for Radiation Detection Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012563. [PMID: 36293417 PMCID: PMC9604086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, graphene oxide foils 10 μm thick have been irradiated in vacuum using same charge state (one charge state) ions, such as protons, helium and oxygen ions, at the same energies (3 MeV) and fluences (from 5 × 1011 ion/cm2 to 5 × 1014 ion/cm2). The structural changes generated by the ion energy deposition and investigated by X-ray diffraction have suggested the generation of new phases, as reduced GO, GO quantum dots and graphitic nanofibers, carbon nanotubes, amorphous carbon and stacked-cup carbon nanofibers. Further analyses, based on Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry and Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis, have indicated a reduction of GO connected to the atomic number of implanted ions. The morphological changes in the ion irradiated GO foils have been monitored by Transmission Electron, Atomic Force and Scanning Electron microscopies. The present study aims to better structurally, compositionally and morphologically characterize the GO foils irradiated by different ions at the same conditions and at very low ion fluencies to validate the use of GO for radiation detection and propose it as a promising dosimeter. It has been observed that GO quantum dots are produced on the GO foil when it is irradiated by proton, helium and oxygen ions and their number increases with the atomic number of beam gaseous ion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariapompea Cutroneo
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 250 68 Rez, Czech Republic
- Correspondence:
| | - Lorenzo Torrisi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, 98166 Messina, Italy
- INFN Sections of Catania, S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Letteria Silipigni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, 98166 Messina, Italy
- INFN Sections of Catania, S. Sofia 64, 95123 Catania, Italy
| | - Alena Michalcova
- Department of Metals and Corrosion Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technická 5, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Havranek
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 250 68 Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Mackova
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 250 68 Rez, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of J. E. Purkyně, Pasterouva 3544/1, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Malinsky
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 250 68 Rez, Czech Republic
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of J. E. Purkyně, Pasterouva 3544/1, 400 96 Ústí nad Labem, Czech Republic
| | - Vasily Lavrentiev
- Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Hlavni 130, 250 68 Rez, Czech Republic
| | - Pavol Noga
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Jána Bottu 25, 91724 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Jozef Dobrovodsky
- Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Advanced Technologies Research Institute, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Jána Bottu 25, 91724 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Petr Slepicka
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Dominik Fajstavr
- Department of Solid State Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, 166 28 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Lucio Andò
- Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche e Informatiche, Scienze Fisiche e Scienze della Terra, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Vaclav Holy
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Praha, Czech Republic
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Johnson WR, Roney NG, Zhou H, Ciarlone GE, Williams BT, Green WT, Mahon RT, Dainer HM, Hart BB, Hall AA. Comparison of treatment recompression tables for neurologic decompression illness in swine model. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266236. [PMID: 36197931 PMCID: PMC9534405 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Significant reductions in ambient pressure subject an individual to risk of decompression illness (DCI); with incidence up to 35 per 10,000 dives. In severe cases, the central nervous system is often compromised (>80%), making DCI among the most morbid of diving related injuries. While hyperbaric specialists suggest initiating recompression therapy with either a Treatment Table 6 (TT6) or 6A (TT6A), the optimal initial recompression treatment for severe DCI is unknown. METHODS Swine were exposed to an insult dive breathing air at 7.06 ATA (715.35 kPa) for 24 min followed by rapid decompression at a rate of 1.82 ATA/min (184.41 kPa/min). Swine that developed neurologic DCI within 1 hour of surfacing were block randomized to one of four United States Navy Treatment Tables (USN TT): TT6, TT6A-air (21% oxygen, 79% nitrogen), TT6A-nitrox (50% oxygen, 50% nitrogen), and TT6A-heliox (50% oxygen, 50% helium). The primary outcome was the mean number of spinal cord lesions, which was analyzed following cord harvest 24 hours after successful recompression treatment. Secondary outcomes included spinal cord lesion incidence and gross neurologic outcomes based on a pre- and post- modified Tarlov assessment. We compared outcomes among these four groups and between the two treatment profiles (i.e. TT6 and TT6A). RESULTS One-hundred and forty-one swine underwent the insult dive, with 61 swine meeting inclusion criteria (43%). We found no differences in baseline characteristics among the groups. We found no significant differences in functional neurologic outcomes (p = 0.77 and 0.33), spinal cord lesion incidence (p = 0.09 and 0.07), or spinal cord lesion area (p = 0.51 and 0.17) among the four treatment groups or between the two treatment profiles, respectively. While the trends were not statistically significant, animals treated with TT6 had the lowest rates of functional deficits and the fewest spinal cord lesions. Moreover, across all animals, functional neurologic deficit had strong correlation with lesion area pathology (Logistic Regression, p < 0.01, Somers' D = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS TT6 performed as well as the other treatment tables and is the least resource intensive. TT6 is the most appropriate initial treatment for neurologic DCI in swine, among the tables that we compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Rainey Johnson
- Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nicholas G Roney
- Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hanbing Zhou
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Brian T Williams
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - William T Green
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Richard T Mahon
- Henry M. Jackson Foundation, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Hugh M Dainer
- Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brett B Hart
- Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Aaron A Hall
- Naval Medical Research Center, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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Zhang X, Angelini ED, Haghpanah FS, Laine AF, Sun Y, Hiura GT, Dashnaw SM, Prince MR, Hoffman EA, Ambale-Venkatesh B, Lima JA, Wild JM, Hughes EW, Barr RG, Shen W. Quantification of lung ventilation defects on hyperpolarized MRI: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD study. Magn Reson Imaging 2022; 92:140-149. [PMID: 35777684 PMCID: PMC9957614 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2022.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an end-to-end deep learning (DL) framework to segment ventilation defects on pulmonary hyperpolarized MRI. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) study is a nested longitudinal case-control study in older smokers. Between February 2016 and July 2017, 56 participants (age, mean ± SD, 74 ± 8 years; 34 men) underwent same breath-hold proton (1H) and helium (3He) MRI, which were annotated for non-ventilated, hypo-ventilated, and normal-ventilated lungs. In this retrospective DL study, 820 1H and 3He slices from 42/56 (75%) participants were randomly selected for training, with the remaining 14/56 (25%) for test. Full lung masks were segmented using a traditional U-Net on 1H MRI and were imported into a cascaded U-Net, which were used to segment ventilation defects on 3He MRI. Models were trained with conventional data augmentation (DA) and generative adversarial networks (GAN)-DA. RESULTS Conventional-DA improved 1H and 3He MRI segmentation over the non-DA model (P = 0.007 to 0.03) but GAN-DA did not yield further improvement. The cascaded U-Net improved non-ventilated lung segmentation (P < 0.005). Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) between manually and DL-segmented full lung, non-ventilated, hypo-ventilated, and normal-ventilated regions were 0.965 ± 0.010, 0.840 ± 0.057, 0.715 ± 0.175, and 0.883 ± 0.060, respectively. We observed no statistically significant difference in DCSs between participants with and without COPD (P = 0.41, 0.06, and 0.18 for non-ventilated, hypo-ventilated, and normal-ventilated regions, respectively). CONCLUSION The proposed cascaded U-Net framework generated fully-automated segmentation of ventilation defects on 3He MRI among older smokers with and without COPD that is consistent with our reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuzhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Elsa D Angelini
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; NIHR Imperial BRC, ITMAT Data Science Group, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Fateme S Haghpanah
- Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew F Laine
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yanping Sun
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grant T Hiura
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Stephen M Dashnaw
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, Cornell University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Eric A Hoffman
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Joao A Lima
- School of Medicine, John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jim M Wild
- POLARIS, Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Emlyn W Hughes
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - R Graham Barr
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wei Shen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Institute of Human Nutrition, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA; Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research Center (CMRRC), Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Bao XC, Yang T, Fang YQ, Sun YJ, Wang N. Lung function changes in divers after a single deep helium-oxygen dive. Diving Hyperb Med 2022; 52:183-190. [PMID: 36100929 PMCID: PMC9731142 DOI: 10.28920/dhm52.3.183-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study measured pulmonary function in divers after a single helium-oxygen (heliox) dive to 80, 100, or 120 metres of sea water (msw). METHODS A total of 26 divers participated, of whom 15, five, and six performed a 80, 100, or 120 msw dive, respectively. While immersed, the divers breathed heliox and air, then oxygen during surface decompression in a hyperbaric chamber. Pulmonary function was measured twice before diving, 30 min after diving, and 24 h after diving. RESULTS At 30 min after the 80 msw dive the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV₁)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio and the maximum expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity (MEF₂₅) values decreased (89.2% to 87.1% and 2.57 L·s⁻¹ to 2.35 L·s⁻¹, P = 0.04, P = 0.048 respectively) but FEV₁/FVC returned to the baseline values by 24 h post-dive. Other pulmonary indicators exhibited downward trends at 30 min after the dive, but statistical significance was lacking. Interestingly, though several parameters decreased after the 100 msw dive, statistical significance was not reached. After the 120 msw dive, the FEV₁/FVC and MEF₇₅ decreased (90.4% to 85.6% and 8.05 L·s⁻¹ to 7.46 L·s⁻¹, P = 0.01, P = 0.007). The relatively small numbers of subjects who dived to 100 and 120 msw depths may explain the inconsistent results. The subjects diving to 100 and 120 msw were more trained / skilled, but this would not explain the inconsistencies in results between these depths. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that single deep heliox dives cause a temporary decrease in FEV₁/FEV and MEF25 or MEF₇₅, but these changes can recover at 24 h after the dive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Bao
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Tao Yang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yi-Qun Fang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Shanghai 200433, China
- Corresponding author: Dr Yi-qun Fang, Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Shanghai 200433, China,
| | - Yong-Jun Sun
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Nan Wang
- Department of Diving and Hyperbaric Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Shanghai 200433, China
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Leszczynski R, da Silva CA, Pinto ACPN, Kuczynski U, da Silva EM. Laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022; 9:CD011642. [PMID: 36161591 PMCID: PMC9511989 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd011642.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hypertrophic and keloid scars are common skin conditions resulting from abnormal wound healing. They can cause itching, pain and have a negative physical and psychological impact on patients' lives. Different approaches are used aiming to improve these scars, including intralesional corticosteroids, surgery and more recently, laser therapy. Since laser therapy is expensive and may have adverse effects, it is critical to evaluate the potential benefits and harms of this therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars. OBJECTIVES To assess the effects of laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars. SEARCH METHODS In March 2021 we searched the Cochrane Wounds Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL EBSCO Plus and LILACS. To identify additional studies, we also searched clinical trials registries for ongoing and unpublished studies, and scanned reference lists of relevant included studies as well as reviews, meta-analyses, and health technology reports. There were no restrictions with respect to language, date of publication, or study setting. SELECTION CRITERIA We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for treating hypertrophic or keloid scars (or both), comparing laser therapy with placebo, no intervention or another intervention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently selected studies, extracted the data, assessed the risk of bias of included studies and carried out GRADE assessments to assess the certainty of evidence. A third review author arbitrated if there were disagreements. MAIN RESULTS We included 15 RCTs, involving 604 participants (children and adults) with study sample sizes ranging from 10 to 120 participants (mean 40.27). Where studies randomised different parts of the same scar, each scar segment was the unit of analysis (906 scar segments). The length of participant follow-up varied from 12 weeks to 12 months. All included trials had a high risk of bias for at least one domain: all studies were deemed at high risk of bias due to lack of blinding of participants and personnel. The variability of intervention types, controls, follow-up periods and limitations with report data meant we pooled data for one comparison (and only two outcomes within this). Several review secondary outcomes - cosmesis, tolerance, preference for different modes of treatment, adherence, and change in quality of life - were not reported in any of the included studies. Laser versus no treatment: We found low-certainty evidence suggesting there may be more hypertrophic and keloid scar improvement (that is scars are less severe) in 585-nm pulsed-dye laser (PDL) -treated scars compared with no treatment (risk ratio (RR) 1.96; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11 to 3.45; two studies, 60 scar segments). It is unclear whether non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) impacts on hypertrophic scar severity when compared with no treatment (very low-certainty evidence). It is unclear whether fractional carbon dioxide (CO2) laser impacts on hypertrophic and keloid scar severity compared with no treatment (very low-certainty evidence). Eight studies reported treatment-related adverse effects but did not provide enough data for further analyses. Laser versus other treatments: We are uncertain whether treatment with 585-nm PDL impacts on hypertrophic and keloid scar severity compared with intralesional corticosteroid triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), intralesional Fluorouracil (5-FU) or combined use of TAC plus 5-FU (very low-certainty evidence). It is also uncertain whether erbium laser impacts on hypertrophic scar severity when compared with TAC (very low-certainty evidence). Other comparisons included 585-nm PDL versus silicone gel sheeting, fractional CO2 laser versus TAC and fractional CO2 laser versus verapamil. However, the authors did not report enough data regarding the severity of scars to compare the interventions. As only very low-certainty evidence is available on treatment-related adverse effects, including pain, charring (skin burning so that the surface becomes blackened), telangiectasia (a condition in which tiny blood vessels cause thread-like red lines on the skin), skin atrophy (skin thinning), purpuric discolorations, hypopigmentation (skin colour becomes lighter), and erosion (loss of part of the top layer of skin, leaving a denuded surface) secondary to blistering, we are not able to draw conclusions as to how these treatments compare. Laser plus other treatment versus other treatment: It is unclear whether 585-nm PDL plus TAC plus 5-FU leads to a higher percentage of good to excellent improvement in hypertrophic and keloid scar severity compared with TAC plus 5-FU, as the certainty of evidence has been assessed as very low. Due to very low-certainty evidence, it is also uncertain whether CO2 laser plus TAC impacts on keloid scar severity compared with cryosurgery plus TAC. The evidence is also very uncertain about the effect of neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet (Nd:YAG) laser plus intralesional corticosteroid diprospan plus 5-FU on scar severity compared with diprospan plus 5-FU and about the effect of helium-neon (He-Ne) laser plus decamethyltetrasiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane and cyclopentasiloxane cream on scar severity compared with decamethyltetrasiloxane, polydimethylsiloxane and cyclopentasiloxane cream. Only very low-certainty evidence is available on treatment-related adverse effects, including pain, atrophy, erythema, telangiectasia, hypopigmentation, regrowth, hyperpigmentation (skin colour becomes darker), and depigmentation (loss of colour from the skin). Therefore, we are not able to draw conclusions as to how these treatments compare. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: There is insufficient evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of laser therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars. The available information is also insufficient to perform a more accurate analysis on treatment-related adverse effects related to laser therapy. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies, conflicting results, study design issues and small sample sizes, further high-quality trials, with validated scales and core outcome sets should be developed. These trials should take into consideration the consumers' opinion and values, the need for long-term follow-up and the necessity of reporting the rate of recurrence of scars to determine whether lasers may achieve superior results when compared with other therapies for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ana Carolina Pereira Nunes Pinto
- Cochrane Brazil, Health Technology Assessment Center, São Paulo, Brazil
- Post-graduation program in Evidence-Based Health, Department of Medicine, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Biological and Health Sciences Department, Federal University of Amapa, Macapá, Brazil
| | | | - Edina Mk da Silva
- Emergency Medicine and Evidence Based Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Taskiran NP, Hiura GT, Zhang X, Barr RG, Dashnaw SM, Hoffman EA, Malinsky D, Oelsner EC, Prince MR, Smith BM, Sun Y, Sun Y, Wild JM, Shen W, Hughes EW. Mapping Alveolar Oxygen Partial Pressure in COPD Using Hyperpolarized Helium-3: The Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study. Tomography 2022; 8:2268-2284. [PMID: 36136886 PMCID: PMC9498778 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8050190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and emphysema are characterized by functional and structural damage which increases the spaces for gaseous diffusion and impairs oxygen exchange. Here we explore the potential for hyperpolarized (HP) 3He MRI to characterize lung structure and function in a large-scale population-based study. Participants (n = 54) from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) COPD Study, a nested case-control study of COPD among participants with 10+ packyears underwent HP 3He MRI measuring pAO2, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and ventilation. HP MRI measures were compared to full-lung CT and pulmonary function testing. High ADC values (>0.4 cm2/s) correlated with emphysema and heterogeneity in pAO2 measurements. Strong correlations were found between the heterogeneity of global pAO2 as summarized by its standard deviation (SD) (p < 0.0002) and non-physiologic pAO2 values (p < 0.0001) with percent emphysema on CT. A regional study revealed a strong association between pAO2 SD and visual emphysema severity (p < 0.003) and an association with the paraseptal emphysema subtype (p < 0.04) after adjustment for demographics and smoking status. HP noble gas pAO2 heterogeneity and the fraction of non-physiological pAO2 results increase in mild to moderate COPD. Measurements of pAO2 are sensitive to regional emphysematous damage detected by CT and may be used to probe pulmonary emphysema subtypes. HP noble gas lung MRI provides non-invasive information about COPD severity and lung function without ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naz P. Taskiran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Correspondence: (N.P.T.); (E.W.H.); Tel.: +1-347-3693052 (N.P.T.); +1-626-4838731 (E.W.H.)
| | - Grant T. Hiura
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Xuzhe Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - R. Graham Barr
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Stephen M. Dashnaw
- Neurological Institute, Radiology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Eric A. Hoffman
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Daniel Malinsky
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Elizabeth C. Oelsner
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Martin R. Prince
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Benjamin M. Smith
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | - Yanping Sun
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medial Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Yifei Sun
- Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Jim M. Wild
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, UK
| | - Wei Shen
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Institute of Human Nutrition, College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Columbia Magnetic Resonance Research Center (CMRRC), Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
| | - Emlyn W. Hughes
- Department of Physics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027, USA
- Correspondence: (N.P.T.); (E.W.H.); Tel.: +1-347-3693052 (N.P.T.); +1-626-4838731 (E.W.H.)
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Swift SJ, Smith D, Dryahina K, Gnioua MO, Španěl P. Kinetics of reactions of NH 4 + with some biogenic organic molecules and monoterpenes in helium and nitrogen carrier gases: A potential reagent ion for selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2022; 36:e9328. [PMID: 35603529 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE To assess the suitability of NH4 + as a reagent ion for trace gas analysis by selected ion flow tube mass spectrometry, SIFT-MS, its ion chemistry must be understood. Thus, rate coefficients and product ions for its reactions with typical biogenic molecules and monoterpenes need to be experimentally determined in both helium, He, and nitrogen, N2 , carrier gases. METHODS NH4 + and H3 O+ were generated in a microwave gas discharge through an NH3 and H2 O vapour mixture and, after m/z selection, injected into He and N2 carrier gas. Using the conventional SIFT method, NH4 + reactions were then studied with M, the biogenic molecules acetone, 1-propanol, 2-butenal, trans-2-heptenal, heptanal, 2-heptanone, 2,3-heptanedione and 15 monoterpene isomers to obtain rate coefficients, k, and product ion branching ratios. Polarisabilities and dipole moments of the reactant molecules and the enthalpy changes in proton transfer reactions were calculated using density functional theory. RESULTS The k values for the reactions of the biogenic molecules were invariably faster in N2 than in He but similar in both bath gases for the monoterpenes. Adducts NH4 + M were the dominant product ions in He and N2 for the biogenic molecules, whereas both MH+ and NH4 + M product ions were observed in the monoterpene reactions; the monoterpene ratio correlating (R2 = 0.7) with the proton affinity, PA, of the monoterpene molecule as calculated. The data indicate that this adduct ion formation is the result of bimolecular rather than termolecular association. CONCLUSIONS NH4 + can be a useful reagent ion for SIFT-MS analyses of molecules with PA(M) < PA(NH3 ) when the dominant single product ion is the adduct NH4 + M. For molecules with PA(M) > PA(NH3 ), such as monoterpenes, both MH+ and NH4 + M ions are likely products, which must be determined along with k by experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan James Swift
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - David Smith
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Kseniya Dryahina
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Maroua Omezzine Gnioua
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Patrik Španěl
- J. Heyrovský Institute of Physical Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague 8, Czech Republic
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46
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Ibáñez-Mancera NG, Toral-Rizo VH, Lara-Carrillo E, López-Callejas R. Non-thermal atmospheric plasma generated with helium gas as a promoter of wound healing by salivary gland biopsy in Sjögren's syndrome. Presentation two cases. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 2022; 18:439-440. [PMID: 35940677 DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2021.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Guadalupe Ibáñez-Mancera
- Clínica Orocentro, Facultad de Odontología, UAEMex, Toluca de Lerdo, Mexico; CICS-UST del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Mexico City, Mexico.
| | | | | | - Régulo López-Callejas
- Plasma Physics Laboratory, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Nucleares, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
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47
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Naydenova K, Kamegawa A, Peet MJ, Henderson R, Fujiyoshi Y, Russo CJ. On the reduction in the effects of radiation damage to two-dimensional crystals of organic and biological molecules at liquid- helium temperature. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 237:113512. [PMID: 35367901 PMCID: PMC9355890 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2022.113512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Revised: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We have studied the fading of electron diffraction spots from two-dimensional (2D) crystals of paraffin (C44H90), purple membrane (bacteriorhodopsin) and aquaporin 4 (AQP4) at stage temperatures between 4K and 100K. We observed that the diffraction spots at resolutions between 3 Å and 20 Å fade more slowly at liquid-helium temperatures compared to liquid-nitrogen temperatures, by a factor of between 1.2 and 1.8, depending on the specimens. If the reduction in the effective rate of radiation damage for 2D crystals at liquid-helium temperature (as measured by spot fading) can be shown to extend to macromolecular assemblies embedded in amorphous ice, this would suggest that valuable improvements to electron cryomicroscopy (cryoEM) of biological specimens could be made by reducing the temperature of the specimens under irradiation below what is obtainable using standard liquid-nitrogen cryostats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Naydenova
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Akiko Kamegawa
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mathew J Peet
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Richard Henderson
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK
| | - Yoshinori Fujiyoshi
- Cellular and Structural Physiology Laboratory (CeSPL), Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher J Russo
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK.
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48
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Rman N, Szőcs T, Palcsu L, Lapanje A. Chemical and isotopic composition of CO 2-rich magnesium-sodium-bicarbonate-sulphate-type mineral waters from volcanoclastic aquifer in Rogaška Slatina, Slovenia. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:2187-2214. [PMID: 34499315 PMCID: PMC9177476 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Bottled natural mineral waters from an andesitic aquifer in Slovenia are enriched in magnesium (1.1 g/l), sulphate (2.2 g/l) and dissolved inorganic carbon (204 g/l). We analysed major ions, trace elements, tritium activity, 14C, δ18OH2O, δ2HH2O, δ13CDIC, gas composition and noble gases in six wells. In addition, 87Sr//86Sr, δ34SSO4 and δ11B were analysed here for the first time. Stable isotopes with δ18O = -11.97 to -10.30‰ and δ2H = -77.3 to -63.8 confirm meteoric origin. CO2 degassing is evident at three wells, causing the oxygen shift of about -1.3‰. Tritium activity was detectable only in the shallowest well, where the freshwater component was dated to the 1960s. δ13CDIC in five waters is -1.78 to + 1.33‰, typical of carbonate dissolution. Radiocarbon is low, 1.03-5.16 pMC. Chemical correction with bicarbonate concentration and δ13C correction methods gave best mean residence times, slightly longer than previously published. Sulphate has δ34S 26.6-28.9‰ and δ18O 8.9-11.1‰ due to dissolution of evaporites in carbonate rocks. Boron at concentrations of 1.2-6.1 mg/l has two origins: δ11B = 11.3-16.4‰ from hydrothermal alteration and δ11B = 26.6-31.7‰ from carbonate dissolution. Strontium at concentrations of 0.5-22.0 mg/l has 87Sr//86Sr, indicating three sources: 0.7106 for Miocene clastic rocks, 0.7082 for Triassic carbonates and 0.7070 for Lower Oligocene andesitic rocks. CO2 represents the majority of the dissolved (> 98.84 vol%) and separated gas (> 95.23 vol%). Methane is only found in two wells with a max. of 0.30 vol%. All waters show excess helium and 16-97% of mantle-derived helium. Since all show subsurface degassing, the paleo-infiltration temperature could not be calculated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Rman
- Geological Survey of Slovenia (GeoZS), Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Teodóra Szőcs
- Mining and Geological Survey of Hungary (MBFSZ), Columbus u. 17-23, 1145, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Palcsu
- Isotope Climatology and Environmental Research Centre (ICER), Institute for Nuclear Research, Bem tér 18/c, 4026, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Andrej Lapanje
- Geological Survey of Slovenia (GeoZS), Dimičeva ulica 14, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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49
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Oluwatoba DS, Islam MF, Som B, Sindt AJ, Smith MD, Shimizu LS, Do TD. Evaluating the Effects of Metal Adduction and Charge Isomerism on Ion-Mobility Measurements using m-Xylene Macrocycles as Models. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:840-850. [PMID: 35471025 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Gas-phase ion-mobility spectrometry provides a unique platform to study the effect of mobile charge(s) or charge location on collisional cross section and ion separation. Here, we evaluate the effects of cation/anion adduction in a series of xylene and pyridyl macrocycles that contain ureas and thioureas. We explore how zinc binding led to unexpected deprotonation of the thiourea macrocyclic host in positive polarity ionization and subsequently how charge isomerism due to cation (zinc metal) and anion (chloride counterion) adduction or proton competition among acceptors can affect the measured collisional cross sections in helium and nitrogen buffer gases. Our approach uses synthetic chemistry to design macrocycle targets and a combination of ion-mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry experiments and quantum mechanics calculations to characterize their structural properties. We demonstrate that charge isomerism significantly improves ion-mobility resolution and allows for determination of the metal binding mechanism in metal-inclusion macrocyclic complexes. Additionally, charge isomers can be populated in molecules where individual protons are shared between acceptors. In these cases, interactions via drift gas collisions magnify the conformational differences. Finally, for the macrocyclic systems we report here, charge isomers are observed in both helium and nitrogen drift gases with similar resolution. The separation factor does not simply increase with increasing drift gas polarizability. Our study sheds light on important properties of charge isomerism and offers strategies to take advantage of this phenomenon in analytical separations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damilola S Oluwatoba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
| | - Md Faizul Islam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Bozumeh Som
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG 56, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Ammon J Sindt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Mark D Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Linda S Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, United States
| | - Thanh D Do
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, United States
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50
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Lê TP, Hyacinthe JN, Capozzi A. How to improve the efficiency of a traditional dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization (dDNP) apparatus: Design and performance of a fluid path compatible dDNP/LOD-ESR probe. J Magn Reson 2022; 338:107197. [PMID: 35344922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2022.107197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization (dDNP) was invented almost twenty years ago. Ever since, hardware advancement has observed 2 trends: the quest for DNP at higher field and, more recently, the development of cryogen free polarizers. Despite the DNP community is slowly migrating towards "dry" systems, many "wet" polarizers are still in use. Traditional DNP polarizers can use up to 100 L of liquid helium per week, but are less sensitive to air contamination and have higher cooling power. These two characteristics make them very versatile when it comes to new methods development. In this study we retrofitted a 5 T/1.15 K "wet" DNP polarizer with the aim of improving cryogenic and DNP performance. We designed, built, and tested a new DNP insert that is compatible with the fluid path (FP) technology and a LOgitudinal Detected Electron Spin Resonance (LOD-ESR) probe to investigate radical properties at real DNP conditions. The new hardware increased the maximum achievable polarization and the polarization rate constant of a [1-13C]pyruvic acid-trityl sample by a factor 1.5. Moreover, the increased liquid He holding time together with the possibility to constantly keep the sample space at low pressure upon sample loading and dissolution allowed us to save about 20 L of liquid He per week.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thanh Phong Lê
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Noël Hyacinthe
- Geneva School of Health Sciences, HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland, Avenue de Champel 47, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland; Image Guided Interventions Laboratory, Department of Radiology and Medical Informatics, University of Geneva, Rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil 4, 1211 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Capozzi
- LIFMET, Institute of Physics, École polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Station 6, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland; HYPERMAG, Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Building 349, 2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark.
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