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Shang L, Dong Z, Li Z, Wang M, Kong Z, Li X, Zhang R. Abundance and sources of particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and aromatic acids at an urban site in central China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 142:155-168. [PMID: 38527881 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
We conducted a simultaneous field study of PM2.5-bound particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and aromatic acids (AAs) in a polluted city Zhengzhou to explore the concentration, sources and potential conversion pathways between PAHs and AAs in different seasons. The average concentrations of PM2.5, 28PAHs and 8AAs during the sampling period were 77 µg/m3, 75 ng/m3, and 283 ng/m3, respectively. The concentration of both 28PAHs and 8AAs were highest in winter and lowest in summer with ratios of 6.3 and 2.3, respectively. PAHs with 5-7 rings were the main components of PAHs (52%), followed by 4 rings PAHs (30%) and 2-3 rings PAHs (18%). According to the source appointment results obtained by positive matrix factorization, the main sources of PAHs were combustion and vehicle emissions, which account for 37% and 34%, respectively. 8AAs were divided into three groups, including four benzene dicarboxylic acids (B2CAs), three benzene tricarboxylic acids (B3CAs) and one benzene tetracarboxylic acid (B4CA). And interspecies correlation analysis with PM2.5 source markers were used to investigate potential sources. Phthalic acid (o-Ph) was the most abundant specie of 8AAs (157 ng/m3, 55% of 8AAs), which was well correlated with sulfate. Meanwhile, B3CAs and B4CA were highly correlated with sulfate and weakly correlated with levoglucosan, suggesting that secondary formation was their main source. As logical oxidation products of PAHs, o-Ph and B3CAs showed good correlations with a number of PAHs, indicating possible photochemical oxidation pathway by PAHs. In addition, O3, NO2, temperature and relative humidity have positive effects on the secondary formation of B3CAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luqi Shang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- College of Chemistry, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Mingkai Wang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Zihan Kong
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Xiao Li
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
| | - Ruiqin Zhang
- School of Ecology and Environment, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China; Institute of Environmental Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China.
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Xing J, Ding R, Chen F, Peng L, Wang W, Song X, Ye Q, Liu Y. Fine particle trace elements at a mountain site in southern China: Source identification, transport, and health risks. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 141:166-181. [PMID: 38408818 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.09.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Trace elements in atmospheric particulate matter play a significant role in air quality, human health, and biogeochemical cycles. In this study, the trace elements (Ca, Al, K, Fe, Na, Mg, Zn, Pb, Mn, Ti, Cu, Cr, Sr, Ni) in PM2.5 samples collected at the summit of Mt. Lushan were analyzed to quantify their abundance, source, transport, and health risks. During the whole sampling period, the major trace elements was Ca, Al, and K. While the trace metals with the lowest concentrations were Sr, Ni, Rb, and Cd. The trace elements were influenced by air mass transport routes, exhibiting an increasing trend of crustal elements in the northwesterly airmass and anthropogenic elements (Zn, Mn, Cu, and Ni) in the easterly air masses. Construction dust, coal + biomass burning, vehicle emission, urban nitrate-rich + urban waste incineration emissions, and soil dust + industry emissions were common sources of PM2.5 on Mt. Lushan. Different air mass transport routes had various source contribution patterns. These results indicate that trace elements at Mt. Lushan are influenced by regional anthropogenic emissions and monsoon-dominated trace element transport. The total resulting cancer risk value that these elements posed were below the acceptable risk value of 1 × 10-6, while the non-carcinogenic risk value (1.72) was higher than the safety level, suggesting that non-carcinogenic effects due to these trace elements inhalation were likely to occur. Vehicle emission and coal + biomass burning were the common dominant sources of non-cancer risks posed by trace elements at Mt. Lushan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaoping Xing
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
| | - Runping Ding
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Feifeng Chen
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Linyu Peng
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Wenhua Wang
- School of Resources and Materials, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, China
| | - Xiaoyan Song
- College of Geosciences and Engineering, North China University of Water Resources & Electric Power, Zhengzhou 450046, China
| | - Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yuanqiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of State Forestry and Grassland Administration on Forest Ecosystem Protection and Restoration of Poyang Lake Watershed, School of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
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Sun GL, Wu LP, Xu B, Gao YZ, Zhao XY, Ji YQ, Yang W. [Characteristics, Sources Apportionment, and Health Risks of PM 2.5-bound PAHs and Their Derivatives Before and After Heating in Zibo City]. Huan Jing Ke Xue 2024; 45:2558-2570. [PMID: 38629521 DOI: 10.13227/j.hjkx.202304200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their derivatives are a global problem that influences the environment and threatens human health. To investigate the characteristics, sources, and health risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs and their derivatives, PM2.5 were collected at an urban site in Zibo from November 5 to December 26, 2020, and the concentrations of 16 conventional PAHs, nine NPAHs, and five OPAHs in PM2.5 were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Source apportionment of PAHs and their derivatives was conducted using diagnostic ratios and a PMF model, and the health risks of PAHs and their derivatives to adult men and women were evaluated using the source-dependent incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model. The results showed that the average concentrations of ∑16pPAHs, ∑9NPAHs, and ∑5OPAHs in PM2.5 of Zibo City during the sampling period were (41.61 ± 13.40), (6.38 ± 5.70), and (53.20 ± 53.47) ng·m-3, respectively. The concentrations of the three PAHs increased significantly after heating, which were 1.31, 2.04, and 5.24 times larger than those before heating. During the sampling period, Chr, BaP, and BaA were the dominant components of pPAHs; 9N-Ant and 2N-Flt + 3N-Flt were the dominant components of NPAHs; and ATQ and BZO were the dominant components of OPAHs. Source apportionment results showed that motor vehicles were the main source of PAHs and their derivatives in PM2.5 before heating, whereas after heating, the main sources were the mixed source of coal and biomass combustion and secondary formation. The total BaP equivalent (TEQ) was 14.5 ng·m-3 during the sampling period, and the TEQ increased significantly after heating, which was approximately 1.2 times of that before heating. Assisted by the individual PAH source apportionment results, the ILCR of PM2.5-boundPAHs and NPAHs in Zibo City had a certain potential carcinogenic risk for adult males (1.06 × 10-5) and females (9.32 × 10-6). Among them, the health risks of PAHs from gasoline vehicles, diesel vehicles, and coal/biomass combustion were significantly higher than those from other emission sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang-Li Sun
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Li-Ping Wu
- School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Bo Xu
- Zibo Eco-Environment Monitoring Center of Shandong Province, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Yu-Zong Gao
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Xue-Yan Zhao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Ya-Qin Ji
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
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Li X, Li X, Xu E, Xie H, Sui H, Cai J, He Y. Experimental research on the influence of acid on the chemical and pore structure evolution characteristics of Wenjiaba tectonic coal. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301923. [PMID: 38652724 PMCID: PMC11037547 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The chemical and pore structures of coal play a crucial role in determining the content of free gas in coal reservoirs. This study focuses on investigating the impact of acidification transformation on the micro-physical and chemical structure characteristics of coal samples collected from Wenjiaba No. 1 Mine in Guizhou. The research involves a semi-quantitative analysis of the chemical structure parameters and crystal structure of coal samples before and after acidification using Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments. Additionally, the evolution characteristics of the pore structure are characterized through high-pressure mercury injection (HP-MIP), low-temperature nitrogen adsorption (LT-N2A), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The experimental findings reveal that the acid solution modifies the structural features of coal samples, weakening certain vibrational structures and altering the chemical composition. Specifically, the asymmetric vibration structure of aliphatic CH2, the asymmetric vibration of aliphatic CH3, and the symmetric vibration of CH2 are affected. This leads to a decrease in the contents of -OH and -NH functional groups while increasing aromatic structures. The crystal structure of coal samples primarily dissolves transversely after acidification, affecting intergranular spacing and average height. Acid treatment corrodes mineral particles within coal sample cracks, augmenting porosity, average pore diameter, and the ratio of macro-pores to transitional pores. Moreover, acidification increases fracture width and texture, enhancing the connectivity of the fracture structure in coal samples. These findings provide theoretical insights for optimizing coalbed methane (CBM) extraction and gas control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianxian Li
- College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Safe Mining Technology, Guiyang China
| | - Xijian Li
- College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Safe Mining Technology, Guiyang China
| | - Enyu Xu
- College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Safe Mining Technology, Guiyang China
| | - Honggao Xie
- College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Safe Mining Technology, Guiyang China
| | - Hao Sui
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junjie Cai
- College of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yuhuan He
- College of Mining, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Guizhou Engineering Center for Safe Mining Technology, Guiyang China
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Lu K, Guo S, Zhao Z. Research and application of bag filter system for railway ballast bed coal suction vehicles: An optimization and application study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300192. [PMID: 38578725 PMCID: PMC10997111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024] Open
Abstract
The current bag filter system used by railway ballast bed coal suction vehicles for cleaning coal dust from railway tunnels has low operational efficiency and generates significant volumes of dust. This paper describes a simulation test unit designed to enhance the dust removal performance in railway tunnels. The flow field inside the simulation test unit is investigated under different operating conditions through numerical simulations, and the variations in air volume and working resistance, total dust collection efficiency, and optimal operating parameters of a pulse cleaning system are identified through a series of experiments. The numerical results show that the pulse cleaning system does not significantly affect the uniformity of the flow field distribution at the bottom of the filter cartridge during the process of operation. The experimental research indicates that the simulation test unit satisfies the design requirements, achieving an average total dust removal efficiency of 99.93%. A field application shows that the total dust mass concentration at the operator position can be reduced from 335.8 mg∙m-3 to 4.2 mg∙m-3, effectively improving the operating environment within the tunnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Lu
- China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Gas Disaster Detecting, Preventing and Emergency Controlling, Chongqing, China
| | - Shengjun Guo
- China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Gas Disaster Detecting, Preventing and Emergency Controlling, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhongtai Zhao
- China Coal Technology and Engineering Group Chongqing Research Institute, Chongqing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Gas Disaster Detecting, Preventing and Emergency Controlling, Chongqing, China
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Ogugua PC, Su H, Tu Y, Wang E. Synergistic consideration of co-treatment of sewage sludge, low-rank coal, and straw for sustainable resource utilization and enhanced energy efficiency: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:24788-24814. [PMID: 38526717 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32797-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive exploration of the imperative necessity for coupling the utilization of low-rank coal, sewage sludge, and straw. It studies the challenges and limitations of individual utilization methods, addressing the unique hurdles associated with feedstocks. It focused on achieving integrated and sustainable resource management, emphasizing efficient resource utilization, waste minimization, and environmental impact reduction. The investigation extends to the intricate details of reaction processes in co-processing, with a specific emphasis on the drying of raw materials to enhance combustion characteristics. The molding and preparation of feedstock are dissected, encompassing raw material selection, mixing, and the crucial addition of additives and binders. The proportions and homogenization of these feedstocks are intricately examined for uniformity and effectiveness. Furthermore, it presents theoretical approaches for investigating the co-combustion of these diverse feedstocks, contributing a solid foundation for future studies in this dynamic field. The findings presented in it offer valuable insights for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers seeking sustainable solutions in the co-disposal technology of these feedstocks. Therefore, it provides a holistic understanding of the challenges and opportunities in coupling the utilization of these selected feedstocks. By addressing individual limitations and emphasizing integrated resource management, the article establishes the groundwork for sustainable and efficient co-processing practices. The exploration of reaction processes gives a comprehensive framework for future research and application in the field of co-combustion technology. The insights gleaned from this study contribute significantly to advancing knowledge in the sustainable utilization of diverse feedstocks, guiding efforts towards environmentally responsible and resource-efficient practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chinonso Ogugua
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huihui Su
- School of China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Yuanyang Tu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Enlu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Li J, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Wu J, Guo C, Jin Y, Wang Y. Effects of alkali and alkaline earth metals on co-combustion of sewage sludge and coal slime: Combustion characteristics, interactions, and kinetics. J Environ Manage 2024; 356:120735. [PMID: 38537474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The co-combustion of sewage sludge (SS) and coal slime (CS) is a preferred method for their resource utilization, however, alkali and alkaline earth metals (AAEMs) in SS may affect the co-combustion process. In this work, the co-combustion behavior of AAEMs-rich SS and CS was investigated in terms of combustion characteristics, interactions, and combustion kinetics using a thermogravimetric analyzer. Further, the role of AAEMs in co-combustion was evaluated by loading Ca, K, Na, and Mg individually after pickling. The results revealed that co-combustion compensated for the limitations of the individual combustion processes, with SS reducing ignition and burnout temperatures and CS improving the comprehensive combustion characterization. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the effect of CS on co-combustion was more significant compared to SS. Significant synergies were observed in the weight loss phase of fixed carbon in the blends with 40%, 50%, and 60% CS ratios, where the peak temperature of fixed carbon combustion was reduced by 9.8 °C, 12.6 °C, and 13.1 °C, respectively, compared to the theoretical values. The effects of AAEMs on combustion were as follows: all AAEMs promoted the precipitation of volatiles except Ca, which showed inhibition of light volatiles; AAEMs had a significant catalytic effect on fixed carbon combustion. The improvement effect of AAEMs on the comprehensive combustion characteristics during co-combustion was Na > K > Mg > Ca. The catalytic effect of Na on fixed carbon was strongest at a loading of 5%, leading to a decrease in the apparent activation energy of fixed carbon combustion by 22.2 kJ/mol and a change in reactor order from n = 1 to n = 1.2 during co-combustion. This work provides a better understanding of the role of AAEMs in SS-CS co-combustion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingkuan Li
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- Institute of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Jiao Wu
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Congxiu Guo
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China
| | - Yan Jin
- School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Yanlin Wang
- School of Electric Power, Civil Engineering and Architecture, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, China.
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Yap TL, Vu NTH, Yeow PHP. Application of the sustainable system-of-systems approach and econometric analysis to address China's decarbonisation problem. Ergonomics 2024; 67:482-497. [PMID: 37199546 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2216413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The Sustainable system-of-systems (SSoS) approach, complemented with econometric analysis was used to address China's decarbonisation problem, i.e. selecting fossil fuel consumption sources to be reduced in various regions to meet CO2 reduction targets with minimal effect on population and economic growth. In the SSoS, the micro-level system is represented by residents' health expenditure, the meso-level system by industry's CO2 emissions intensity, and the macro-level system by the government's achievement of economic growth. Regional panel data from 2009 to 2019 were used in an econometric analysis conducted using structural equation modelling. The results show that health expenditure was affected by CO2 emissions from the consumption of raw coal and natural gas. To support economic growth, the government should reduce raw coal consumption. For CO2 emissions reduction, industry in the eastern region should reduce raw coal consumption. The key advantage is SSoS with econometrics offers a way to reach a common goal among stakeholders.Practitioner summary: This research shows that the use of the SSoS approach, complemented with an econometric analysis of key social, economic, and natural capital data, can address a complex decarbonisation problem facing a nation (China, in the present case) while considering the goals of all stakeholders (the government, industrial communities, and residential communities).Abbreviations: CEADs: Carbon Emissions Accounts and Datasets for Emerging Countries; CEIC: CEIC Global Database; GRPS: World Economic Forum's Global Risks Perception Survey; HFE: human factors/ergonomics; ML-SEM: maximum likelihood estimation method; NDRC: National Development and Reform Commission of China; SEM: structural equation modelling; SSoS: Sustainable system-of-systems; TBL: triple bottom line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teck Lee Yap
- Business Innovation Department, School of Business and Management, RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Nhung T H Vu
- Economics and Finance Department, School of Business and Management, RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
| | - Paul H P Yeow
- Business Innovation Department, School of Business and Management, RMIT University Vietnam, Ho Chi Minh, Vietnam
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Liu K, Wang K, Jia S, Liu Y, Liu S, Yin Z, Zhang X. Air quality and health benefits for different heating decarbonization pathways in China. Sci Total Environ 2024; 919:170976. [PMID: 38360321 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The urgent need for decarbonization in China's heating system, comprised of approximately one hundred thousand boilers, is imperative to meet climate and clean air objectives. To formulate national and regional strategies, we developed an integrated model framework that combines a facility-level emission inventory, the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model, and the Global Exposure Mortality Model (GEMM). We then explore the air quality and health benefits of alternative heating decarbonization pathways, including the retirement of coal-fired industrial boilers (CFIBs) for replacement with grid-bound heat supply systems, coal-to-gas conversion, and coal-to-biomass conversion. The gas replacement pathway shows the greatest potential for reducing PM2.5 concentration by 2.8 (2.3-3.4) μg/m3 by 2060, avoiding 23,100 (19,600-26,500) premature deaths. In comparison, the biomass replacement pathway offers slightly lower environmental and health benefits, but is likely to reduce costs by approximately two-thirds. Provincially, optimal pathways vary - Xinjiang, Sichuan, and Chongqing favor coal-to-gas conversion, while Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Inner Mongolia, and Shanxi show promise in CFIBs retirement. Henan leads in environmental and health benefits. Liaoning, Heilongjiang, and Jilin, rich in biomass resources, present opportunities for coal-to-biomass conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyun Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Air Pollution Control, Institute of Urban Safety and Environmental Science, Beijing Academy of Science and Technology, Beijing 100054, China.
| | - Shuting Jia
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Yanghao Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Shuhan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Zhou Yin
- Center for Pollution and Carbon Reduction, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Center for Pollution and Carbon Reduction, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Malik N, Singh V, Kumar K, Elumalai SP. VOC source apportionment, reactivity, secondary transformations, and their prioritization using fuzzy-AHP method in a coal-mining city in India. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:25406-25423. [PMID: 38472578 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32754-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
This study assessed the air quality status in different functional zones of Dhanbad-a coal-mining and industrial hub, based on the measurement of aromatic and halogenated volatile organic compounds (VOCs) using gas chromatography. The study encompasses source apportionment of VOCs and their chemical reactivity in terms of OH radical loss rate (LOH), ozone-forming potential (OFP), and their secondary organic aerosol forming potential (SOAp). Furthermore, prioritization of VOCs based on a fuzzy-analytical hierarchical process (F-AHP) has also been done. The results found xylene species to have the highest concentration in all three seasons across traffic-intersection and industrial zones and toluene at the institutional zone. The study identified four sources using positive matrix factorization (PMF) model, viz., mixed traffic exhaust (35%), coal combustion sources (30%), industrial (26%), and solvent usage (9%). LOH and SOAp were ~ 16 times more at the industrial and traffic-intersection zone than the institutional zone. The aromatic species contributed 97% to the OFP, and many species exhibited less contribution to the mixing ratio of VOCs but displayed a high contribution to LOH, OFP, and SOAp, suggesting the need to prefer reactivity-based strategies in addition to concentration-based strategies in the future for their regulation. The F-AHP-based priority component analysis identified 16 species out of 29 in the priority watch list (nine in tier-1, four in tier-2, and three in tier-3). The paucity of data and lack of ambient air quality standards on VOCs (except benzene) make it difficult to determine which aspect should be dealt with first and which species require more attention. Therefore, the F-AHP method used in this study could help identify the influencing parameters to be considered while devising efficient VOC management policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Malik
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Vivek Singh
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, 110017, India
| | - Suresh Pandian Elumalai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Indian School of Mines), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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Wen J, Yang F, Xu Y. Coal consumption and carbon emission reductions in BRICS countries. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300676. [PMID: 38551995 PMCID: PMC10980253 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary energy consumption structure of BRICS countries is dominated by fossil energy, particularly coal. Coal consumption in BRICS countries is a major driver underlying increased carbon emissions. Therefore, this study developed a spatiotemporal decoupling mode and incorporated factors related to coal consumption-induced carbon emissions into a spatiotemporal decoupling analysis method to provide differentiated and targeted policies for energy restructuring and emission reduction targets in BRICS countries. Moreover, a temporal-spatial decomposition logarithmic mean Divisia index model was developed using the spatiotemporal decoupling index method. The model is based on CO2 emissions generated by coal consumption in BRICS countries, with a primary focus on data from Brazil, Russia, South Africa, India, and China. The findings reveal distinct spatiotemporal distributions and driving effects of coal consumption and carbon dioxide emissions across various countries. Factors such as CO2 emission intensity, coal consumption intensity, economic output per capita, and population structure exerted either positive or negative effects on the distributional effect of the carbon emission-economic output per capita association in BRICS countries. Additionally, country-level heterogeneity in the influence of the distributional effects of CO2 emissions was observed within each BRICS country. Thus, different policies are needed to achieve carbon emission reduction targets in different countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wen
- School of Public Finance and Taxation, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Public Administration, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiyin Xu
- Business School, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
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12
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Vicente ED, Calvo AI, Sainnokhoi TA, Kováts N, de la Campa AS, de la Rosa J, Oduber F, Nunes T, Fraile R, Tomé M, Alves CA. Indoor PM from residential coal combustion: Levels, chemical composition, and toxicity. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170598. [PMID: 38340837 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Indoor air quality is crucial for human health due to the significant time people spend at home, and it is mainly affected by internal sources such as solid fuel combustion for heating. This study investigated the indoor air quality and health implications associated with residential coal burning covering gaseous pollutants (CO, CO2 and total volatile organic compounds), particulate matter, and toxicity. The PM10 chemical composition was obtained by ICP-MS/OES (elements), ion chromatography (water-soluble ions) and thermal-optical analysis (organic and elemental carbon). During coal combustion, PM10 levels were higher (up to 8.8 times) than background levels and the indoor-to-outdoor ratios were, on average, greater than unity, confirming the existence of a significant indoor source. The chemical characterisation of PM10 revealed increased concentrations of organic carbon and elemental carbon during coal combustion as well as arsenic, cadmium and lead. Carcinogenic risks associated with exposure to arsenic exceeded safety thresholds. Indoor air quality fluctuated during the study, with varying toxicity levels assessed using the Aliivibrio fischeri bioluminescence inhibition assay. These findings underscore the importance of mitigating indoor air pollution associated with coal burning and highlight the potential health risks from long-term exposure. Effective interventions are needed to improve indoor air quality and reduce health risks in coal-burning households.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estela D Vicente
- Department of Physics, University of León, 24071 León, Spain; Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Ana I Calvo
- Department of Physics, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Tsend-Ayush Sainnokhoi
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Nora Kováts
- Centre for Environmental Sciences, University of Pannonia, Egyetem str. 10, 8200 Veszprém, Hungary
| | - Ana Sánchez de la Campa
- Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry - CIQSO, University of Huelva, E21071 Huelva, Spain; Department of Mining, Mechanic, Energetic and Construction Engineering, ETSI, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Jesús de la Rosa
- Associate Unit CSIC-University of Huelva "Atmospheric Pollution", Centre for Research in Sustainable Chemistry - CIQSO, University of Huelva, E21071 Huelva, Spain; Department of Mining, Mechanic, Energetic and Construction Engineering, ETSI, University of Huelva, 21071 Huelva, Spain
| | - Fernanda Oduber
- Department of Physics, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Teresa Nunes
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Roberto Fraile
- Department of Physics, University of León, 24071 León, Spain
| | - Mário Tomé
- PROMETHEUS, School of Technology and Management (ESTG), Polytechnic University of Viana do Castelo, 4900-348 Viana do Castelo, Portugal
| | - Célia A Alves
- Department of Environment and Planning, Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Liu J, Ma T, Chen J, Peng X, Zhang Y, Wang Y, Peng J, Shi G, Wei Y, Gao J. Insights into PM 2.5 pollution of four small and medium-sized cities in Chinese representative regions: Chemical compositions, sources and health risks. Sci Total Environ 2024; 918:170620. [PMID: 38320696 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.170620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Fine particles (PM2.5) pollution is still a severe issue in some cities in China, where the chemical characteristics of PM2.5 remain unclear due to limited studies there. Herein, we focused on PM2.5 pollution in small and medium-sized cities in key urban agglomerations and conducted a comprehensive study on the PM2.5 chemical characteristics, sources, and health risks. In the autumn and winter of 2019-2020, PM2.5 samples were collected simultaneously in four small and medium-sized cities in four key regions: Dingzhou (Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region), Weinan (Fenwei Plain region), Fukang (Northern Slope of the Tianshan Mountain region), and Bozhou (Yangtze River Delta region). The results showed that secondary inorganic ions (43.1 %-67.0 %) and organic matter (OM, 8.6 %-36.4 %) were the main components of PM2.5 in all the cities. Specifically, Fukang with the most severe PM2.5 pollution had the highest proportion of SO42- (31.2 %), while the dominant components in other cities were NO3- and OM. The Multilinear Engine 2 (ME2) analysis identified five sources of PM2.5 in these cities. Coal combustion contributed most to PM2.5 in Fukang, but secondary sources in other cities. Combined with chemical characteristics and ME2 analysis, it was preliminarily determined that the primary emission of coal combustion had an important contribution to high SO42- in Fukang. Potential source contribution function (PSCF) analysis results showed that regional transport played an important role in PM2.5 in Dingzhou, Weinan and Bozhou, while PM2.5 in Fukang was mainly affected by short-range transport from surrounding areas. Finally, the health risk assessment indicated Mn was the dominant contributor to the total non-carcinogenic risks and Cr had higher carcinogenic risks in all cities. The findings provide a scientific basis for formulating more effective abatement strategies for PM2.5 pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Tong Ma
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Jianhua Chen
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xing Peng
- Laboratory of Atmospheric Observation Supersite, School of Environment and Energy, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yuechong Zhang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Yali Wang
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Jianfei Peng
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Urban Transport Emission Research, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Guoliang Shi
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yuting Wei
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Ambient Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
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Astray B, Šípková A, Baragaño D, Pechar J, Krejci R, Komárek M, Chrastný V. Measuring Pb isotope ratios in fresh snow filtrate refines the apportioning of contaminant sources in the Arctic. Environ Pollut 2024; 345:123457. [PMID: 38341064 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The remoteness and low population in the Arctic allow us to study global environmental processes, where the analysis of indicators can provide useful information about local and distant pollution sources. Fresh snow represents a convenient indicator of regional and transboundary atmospheric contamination sources, entrapping aerosols, and particulates like a natural autosampler of the environment. Lead stable isotopes are widely used to trace and monitor local and distant pollution sources. However, the behavior of Pb within different snow components is still not thoroughly studied, and its significance could be underestimated if only larger particulates are accounted for. We collected snow and samples from potential sources (fuel, rocks, coal) in three Arctic localities: Nuuk (Greenland), Reykjavik (Iceland), and Longyearbyen (Svalbard). We separated the filtrate from the filter residue through 0.45 μm nitrocellulose membranes to isolate the low-diameter particles associated with long-range transport from larger particles of mostly local natural origin. Filtrates yielded higher EFs (enrichment factor as the Pb/Al ratio relative to the upper crust) than filtration residues (80 ± 104 and 2.1 ± 1.1, respectively), and Pb isotope signals similar to fuel and coal (206Pb/207Pb are 1.199 ± 0.028 in coal, 1.168 ± 0.029 in filtrates, 1.163 ± 0.013 in fuel, 1.137 ± 0.045 in residues, and 0.985 ± 0.020 in rocks). In contrast to filtrates, the filter residues present wider ranges of Pb isotope compositions and crustal contributions and lower EFs, so we suggest that filtrate contains Pb from fuel combustion more selectively, while the residue carries a more considerable contribution of local mineral dust that can mask the contribution of other anthropogenic or distant natural sources. These findings add weight to the notion that filtrates are a more selective measure of metal deposition from long-range anthropogenic emissions compared to analyzing bulk melted snow or only filter residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blanca Astray
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Adéla Šípková
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Baragaño
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología del Carbono, INCAR-CSIC, Francisco Pintado Fe, 26, 33011 Oviedo, Spain
| | - Jan Pechar
- Faculty of Sciences, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Branišovská 1645/31a, České Budějovice, 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Radovan Krejci
- Department of Environmental Science - Atmospheric Science Unit & Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, S 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Komárek
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic
| | - Vladislav Chrastný
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, Praha - Suchdol, 165 00, Czech Republic.
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15
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Guo Y, Li X, Li Q, Hu Z. Environmental impact assessment of acidic coal gangue leaching solution on groundwater: a coal gangue pile in Shanxi, China. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:120. [PMID: 38483685 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
With the continual advancement of coal resource development, the comprehensive utilization of coal gangue as a by-product encounters certain constraints. A substantial amount of untreated coal gangue is openly stored, particularly acidic gangue exposed to rainfall. The leaching effect of acidic solutions, containing heavy metal ions and other pollutants, results in environmental challenges such as local soil or groundwater pollution, presenting a significant concern in the current ecological landscape of mining areas. Investigating the migration patterns of pollutants in the soil-groundwater system and elucidating the characteristics of polluted solute migration are imperative. To understand the migration dynamics of pollutants and unveil the features of solute migration, this study focuses on a coal gangue dump in a mining area in Shanxi. Utilizing indoor leaching experiments and soil column migration experiments, a two-dimensional soil-groundwater model is established using the finite element method of COMSOL. This model quantitatively delineates the migration patterns of key pollutant components leached from coal gangue into the groundwater. The findings reveal that sulfate ions can migrate and infiltrate groundwater within a mere 7 years in the vadose zone of aeration. Moreover, the average concentration of iron ions in groundwater can reach approximately 58.3 mg/L. Convection, hydrodynamic dispersion, and adsorption emerge as the primary factors influencing pollution transport. Understanding the leaching patterns and environmental impacts of major pollutants in acidic coal gangue is crucial for predicting soil-groundwater pollution and implementing effective protective measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwen Guo
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdong Li
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China.
| | - Quanzhi Li
- School of Geosciences and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology (Beijing), Beijing, 100083, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhenqi Hu
- School of Environment Science and Spatial Informatics, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, People's Republic of China
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16
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Wang D, Shen Z, Yang X, Huang S, Luo Y, Bai G, Cao J. Insight into the Role of NH 3/NH 4+ and NO x/NO 3- in the Formation of Nitrogen-Containing Brown Carbon in Chinese Megacities. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:4281-4290. [PMID: 38391182 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c10374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
Particulate brown carbon (BrC) plays a crucial role in the global radiative balance due to its ability to absorb light. However, the effect of molecular formation on the light absorption properties of BrC remains poorly understood. In this study, atmospheric BrC samples collected from six Chinese megacities in winter and summer were characterized through ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap MS) and light absorption measurements. The average values of BrC light absorption coefficient at a wavelength of 365 nm (babs365) in winter were approximately 4.0 times higher than those in summer. Nitrogen-containing organic molecules (CHNO) were identified as critical components of light-absorbing substances in both seasons, underscoring the importance of N-addition in BrC. These nitrogen-containing BrC chromophores were more closely related to nitro-containing compounds originating from biomass burning and nitrogen oxides (NOx)/nitrate (NO3-) reactions in winter. In summer, they were related to reduced N-containing compounds formed in ammonia (NH3)/ammonium (NH4+) reactions. The NH3/NH4+-mediated reactions contributed more to secondary BrC in summer than winter, particularly in southern cities. Compared with winter, the higher O/Cw, lower molecule conjugation indicator (double bond equivalent, DBE), and reduced BrC babs365 in summer suggest a possible bleaching mechanism during the oxidation process. These findings strengthen the connection between molecular composition and the light-absorbing properties of BrC, providing insights into the formation mechanisms of BrC chromophores across northern and southern Chinese cities in different seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwei Wang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Zhenxing Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Xueting Yang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Shasha Huang
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Yu Luo
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Gezi Bai
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China
| | - Junji Cao
- Key Lab of Aerosol Chemistry & Physics, SKLLQG, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710049, China
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17
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Jiang S, Lv J, Zeng Q, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Qu W, Cui J. Dynamic characteristics of scraper conveyor chain drive system under the impact condition of lump coal. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299044. [PMID: 38427649 PMCID: PMC10906879 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Scraper conveyor is the most important transportation equipment in the comprehensive mining equipment, and the chain drive system is its core subsystem, its dynamic characteristics will significantly affect the efficiency of coal transportation in the comprehensive mining face. In this paper, the dynamic characteristics of chain drive system when impacted by falling coal are investigated by means of test. The impact test bench of scraper conveyor was set up to analyze the effects of chain speed, impact height and impact load mass on the dynamic characteristics of the chain drive system of scraper conveyor under the working conditions of unloaded and loaded. The results show that the longitudinal vibration of the scraper conveyor is most obvious when it is impacted by the falling coal, and the chain speed, impact height and impact load mass of the scraper conveyor all play an excitation role on the vibration of the chain drive system, and the vibration of the chain ring is the most intense in the chain drive system, and the loaded coal pile conveyed on the scraper conveyor plays an inhibiting role on the vibration of the chain drive system. This study can help to identify the location where the scraper conveyor fails first in the impact condition, so as to provide a basis for its structural design and improvement, which is of great significance for the stable operation and structural optimization of the scraper conveyor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoubo Jiang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jinwang Lv
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingliang Zeng
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuqi Zhang
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Wei Qu
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Jiexu Cui
- College of Mechanical and Electronic Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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18
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Dorokhov VV, Nyashina GS, Strizhak PA. Thermogravimetric, kinetic study and gas emissions analysis of the thermal decomposition of waste-derived fuels. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:155-171. [PMID: 37980004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
A wide range of wastes can potentially be used to generate thermal and electrical energy. The co-combustion of several types of waste as part of water-containing waste-derived fuels is a promising method for their recovery. In this research, we use thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry to study the thermal behavior and kinetics of coal slime, biomass, waste oils, and blends on their basis. We also analyze the concentrations of gaseous emissions. The results show that biomass, oils, and coal slime significantly affect each other in the course of their co-combustion when added to slurry fuels. The preparation of coal-water slurry based on slime and water reduced the ignition and burnout temperature by up to 16%. Adding biomass and waste oils additionally stimulated the slurry ignition and burnout, which occurred at lower temperatures. Relative to dry coal slime, threshold ignition temperatures and burnout temperatures decreased by 6%-9% and 17%-25%, respectively. Also, the use of biomass and waste oils as part of slurries inhibited NOх and SO2 emission by 2.75 times. According to the kinetic analysis, added biomass and waste turbine oil provide a 28%-51% reduction in the activation energy as compared to a coal-water slurry without additives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim V Dorokhov
- Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Galina S Nyashina
- Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia
| | - Pavel A Strizhak
- Heat and Mass Transfer Laboratory, National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, 30 Lenin Avenue, Tomsk 634050, Russia.
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Vignesh ER, Gireeshkumar TR, Arya KS, Nair MM, Rakesh PS, Jayadev BS, Asma Shirin PP. Occurrence, sources and risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the coral reef waters of the Lakshadweep Archipelago, Arabian Sea. Mar Pollut Bull 2024; 200:116123. [PMID: 38330814 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2024.116123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
The compound effects of anthropogenic disturbances on global and local scales threaten coral reef ecosystems of the Arabian Sea. The impacts of organic pollutants on the coral reefs and associated organisms have received less attention and are consequently less understood. This study examines the background levels, sources, and ecological implications of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the coral reef ecosystems of Lakshadweep Archipelago. Water and particulate matter were collected from four coral Islands (Kavaratti, Agatti, Bangaram and Perumal Par) of Lakshadweep Archipelago during January and December 2022 and analysed for 15 PAHs priority pollutants. The 15 PAHs congeners generally ranged from 2.77 to 250.47 ng/L in the dissolved form and 0.44 to 6469.86 ng/g in the particulate form. A comparison of available data among the coral reef ecosystems worldwide revealed relatively lower PAHs concentrations in the Lakshadweep coral ecosystems. The isomeric ratios of individual PAH congeners and principal component analysis (PCA) indicate mixed sources of PAHs in the water column derived from pyrogenic, low-temperature combustion and petrogenic. The risk quotient (RQ) values in the dissolved form indicate moderate risk to the aquatic organisms, while they indicate moderate to severe risk in the particulate form.
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Affiliation(s)
- E R Vignesh
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi 682 018, India; Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - T R Gireeshkumar
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi 682 018, India.
| | - K S Arya
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi 682 018, India; Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala, India
| | - Midhun M Nair
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai 400 053, India
| | - P S Rakesh
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Mumbai 400 053, India
| | - B S Jayadev
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi 682 018, India
| | - P P Asma Shirin
- CSIR - National Institute of Oceanography, Regional Centre, Kochi 682 018, India
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20
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Xiuping H, Zheng D, Kang Y, Handong L, Chuan D. Fluoride and acid enrichment in coal fire sponges in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, Northern China. Environ Pollut 2024; 344:123438. [PMID: 38272161 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/07/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Coal fire sponges (CFSs) are a type of sponge-like contaminated soil bulge common in coal fire areas. However, the impacts of CFSs on the local environment are not yet understood. Thus, this study investigated soil samples from CFSs in the Wuda coalfield, Inner Mongolia, China, focusing on the acidity, sulfate, and fluorine content. The results showed that the CFSs were highly acidic, with an average pH of 0.76, and contained high levels of SO42- (257.29 × 103 μg/g), total fluorine (TF, 2011.6 μg/g), and water-soluble fluorine (WF, 118.94 μg/g), significantly exceeding those in the regional background soil and indicating that CFSs are a point source of heavy pollution. Soils in the 8000 m2 reclamation zone showed elevated acidity and high SO42- (129.6 × 103 μg/g), TF (1237.8 μg/g), and WF (43.05 μg/g) levels, which was likely the result of the weathering and dissemination of CFS. The CFS samples were rich in hydrogen fluoride, releasing 202.05 ppb of it when heated to 40 °C. Correlation analysis indicated that the acid sulfate soils in CFSs are likely caused by HSO4-/SO42-. Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry detected four characteristic ions (F-, H3O+, H2SO4+, and HSO4-) in all micro-domains of each sample, indicating that ionic fluorine compounds and sulfuric acid hydrate were found in the CFS samples. Sulfate minerals detected in CFSs included CaSO4, Fe2(SO4)3, CdSO4, NH4HSO4, and Na2SO4. Thus, the results identified CFSs as a transmission channel for contamination, with erosional surface soils as the carrier, for the first time. CFSs pose a serious threat of contamination, albeit over limited areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Xiuping
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, PR China
| | - Du Zheng
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Pollutant Sensitive Materials and Environmental Remediation, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei, 235000, PR China
| | - Yang Kang
- School of Chemical & Environmental Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, PR China.
| | - Liang Handong
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, PR China
| | - Du Chuan
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, PR China
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21
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Lu C, Cheng W, Yin H, Li S, Zhang Y, Dong F, Cheng Y, Zhang X. Study on inverse geochemical modeling of hydrochemical characteristics and genesis of groundwater system in coal mine area - a case study of Longwanggou Coal Mine in Ordos Basin. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:16583-16600. [PMID: 38321279 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32153-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
The exploitation of coal resources has disturbed the equilibrium of the original groundwater system, resulting in a perturbation of the deep groundwater dynamic conditions and hydrochemical properties. Exploring the formation of mine water chemistry under the conditions of deep coal seam mining in the Ordos Basin provides a theoretical basis for the identification of sources of mine water intrusion and the development and utilization of water resources. This paper takes Longwanggou Coal Mine as the research area, collects a total of 106 groups of water samples from the main water-filled aquifers, comprehensively uses Piper trilinear diagram, Gibbs diagram, ion correlation, ion ratio coefficient and mineral saturation index analysis, and carries out inverse geochemical modeling with PHREEQC software, so as to analyze the hydrochemical characteristics and causes of the main water-filled aquifers in deep-buried coal seams in the research area. The results show that the main hydrochemical processes in the study area are leaching and cation exchange, and the groundwater is affected by carbonate (calcite, dolomite), silicate (gypsum) and evaporite. Calculations of mineral saturation indices and PHREEQC simulations have led to the conclusion that the dissolution of rock salt and gypsum in groundwater accounts for most of the ionic action. Na+, Cl- and SO42- are mainly derived from the dissolution of rock salt and gypsum minerals, while Ca2+ and Mg2+ are mostly derived from the dissolution of dolomite and calcite. The results of the inverse geochemical modeling are consistent with the theoretical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Lu
- College of Earth Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No.579, Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
| | - Wenju Cheng
- College of Earth Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No.579, Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, 266590, Shandong Province, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China.
| | - Huiyong Yin
- College of Earth Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No.579, Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Li
- College of Earth Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No.579, Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
| | - Yian Zhang
- Ordos Guoyuan Mining Development Co., Ltd, Ordos, 010300, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Fangying Dong
- College of Earth Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No.579, Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
| | - Yuxiao Cheng
- College of Earth Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No.579, Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaorong Zhang
- College of Earth Science & Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, No.579, Qianwangang Road, Huangdao District, Qingdao City, 266590, Shandong Province, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Depositional Mineralization & Sedimentary Mineral, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, Shandong, China
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Sun B, Zhu R, Shi Y, Zhang W, Zhou Z, Ma D, Wang R, Dai H, Che C. Effects of coal-fired power plants on soil microbial diversity and community structures. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 137:206-223. [PMID: 37980009 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2023.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Long-term deposition of atmospheric pollutants emitted from coal combustion and their effects on the eco-environment have been extensively studied around coal-fired power plants. However, the effects of coal-fired power plants on soil microbial communities have received little attention through atmospheric pollutant deposition and coal-stacking. Here, we collected the samples of power plant soils (PS), coal-stacking soils (CSS) and agricultural soils (AS) around three coal-fired power plants and background control soils (BG) in Huainan, a typical mineral resource-based city in East China, and investigated the microbial diversity and community structures through a high-throughput sequencing technique. Coal-stacking significantly increased (p < 0.05) the contents of total carbon, total nitrogen, total sulfur and Mo in the soils, whereas the deposition of atmospheric pollutants enhanced the levels of V, Cu, Zn and Pb. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Thaumarchaeota, Thermoplasmata, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant taxa in all soils. The bacterial community showed significant differences (p < 0.05) among PS, CSS, AS and BG, whereas archaeal and fungal communities showed significant differences (p < 0.01) according to soil samples around three coal-fired power plants. The predominant environmental variables affecting soil bacterial, archaeal and fungal communities were Mo-TN-TS, Cu-V-Mo, and organic matter (OM)-Mo, respectively. Certain soil microbial genera were closely related to multiple key factors associated with stacking coal and heavy metal deposition from power plants. This study provided useful insight into better understanding of the relationships between soil microbial communities and long-term disturbances from coal-fired power plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Sun
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Renbin Zhu
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China.
| | - Yu Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 450046, China
| | - Wanying Zhang
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Zeming Zhou
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Dawei Ma
- State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Runfang Wang
- State Grid Anhui Electric Power Research Institute, Hefei 230601, China
| | - Haitao Dai
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chenshuai Che
- Institute of Polar Environment & Anhui Key Laboratory of Polar Environment and Global Change, School of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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Liu X, Xue Q, Tian Y, Jia B, Chen R, Huo R, Wang X, Feng Y. Potential toxic components in size-resolved particles and gas from residential combustion: Emission factor and health risk. Environ Int 2024; 185:108551. [PMID: 38452465 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2024.108551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) from residential combustion is an existential threat to human health. Emission factors (EFs) of multiple potential toxic components (PTCs) in size-resolved PM and gas from eight residential fuel combustion were measured, and size distribution, gas/particle partitioning and health risks of the PTCs were investigated. Average EFs from clean coal and anthracite coal were PTEs (sum of EFs of 11 Potential Toxic Elements, 6.62 mg/kg fuels) > PAHs (sum of 22 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 1.12 mg/kg) > OPAHs (sum of 5 Oxygenated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 0.45 mg/kg) > PAEs (sum of 6 Phthalate Esters, 0.11 mg/kg) > NPAHs (sum of 14 Nitropolycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons, 16.84 μg/kg) > OPEs (sum of 7 Organophosphate Esters, 7.57 μg/kg) > PCBs (sum of 6 Polychorinated Biphenyls, 0.07 μg/kg), which were 2-3 and 1-2 orders of magnitude lower than the EFs of PTCs (except PTEs) from bituminous coal and biomass. Most PAHs, OPAHs and NPAHs, which may mainly originate from chemical reactions, showed similar size distributions and averagely 85 % concentrated in PM1. PTEs, PAEs, OPEs and PCBs generated from the release from raw fuels may have a higher proportion, so their size distributions were more complex and varied with combustion temperature, volatility of compounds, binding mode of the raw fuels, and so on. In addition, clean coal and high-quality anthracite coal could reduce the health risks from the potential organic toxic components, but also reveal the stumbling block of PTEs in risk control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liu
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Qianqian Xue
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yingze Tian
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China.
| | - Bin Jia
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Rui Chen
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Ruiqing Huo
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Xiaoning Wang
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yinchang Feng
- The State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Urban Air Particulate Matter Pollution Prevention and Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China; CMA-NKU Cooperative Laboratory for Atmospheric Environment-Health Research, Tianjin 300350, China
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Wang J, Huang Y, Li J, Yao A, Zhai Z. Research on coal mining intensity based on the DPSIR-SPA model. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:18549-18565. [PMID: 38345688 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
High-intensity mining has become a major trend in future coal mining. However, it will unavoidably worsen the harm done to the natural environment of mining sites by coal mining, which is already prone to doing so. So, how may coal mining intensity (CMI) be decreased? Minimize the harm that coal mining causes to the environment and offer a theoretical basis for protecting the environment in mining sites. In order to achieve this, based on the existing literature on CMI, we first redefine the concept of CMI, analyze its influencing factors, propose an evaluation index system, and introduce the theory of set pair analysis (SPA) to build a quantitative evaluation model of CMI. We then propose an adjustment strategy for the CMI and conduct a verification analysis using the Halagou Coal Mine and Caojiatan Coal Mine as an example. The results show that the Halagou and Caojiatan Coal Mine belong to the higher-intensity mining stage. It is consistent with existing research. Moreover, the development trend of CMI in the Halagou Coal Mine is analyzed in conjunction with the set pair potential theory, and specific measures to reduce CMI are given, from the perspective of coal mining. It provides the basis for the source protection of the ecological environment in the mining area. Theoretically, this study can help both the quantitative assessment of mining intensity and the source protection of the mining ecological environment. Besides, it offers specific guidelines for building environmentally friendly mines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Yanli Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
- College of Mining Engineering and Geology, Xinjiang Institute of Engineering, Urumqi, 830000, China
| | - Junmeng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Anhua Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Resources and Safe Mining, School of Mines, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, 221116, China
| | - Zhuofan Zhai
- Carlson School of Management, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 55455, USA.
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25
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Liu Q, Gao J, Li G, Zheng Y, Li R, Yue T. Bibliometric analysis on mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants: a systematic review and future prospect. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:19148-19165. [PMID: 38379043 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32369-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Coal-fired power plants (CFPPs) are one of the most significant sources of mercury (Hg) emissions certified by the Minamata Convention, which has attracted much attention in recent years. In this study, we used the Web of Science and CiteSpace to analyze the knowledge structure of this field from 2000 to 2022 and then reviewed it systematically. The field of Hg emissions from coal-fired power plants has developed steadily. The research hotspots can be divided into three categories: (1) emission characterization research focused on speciation changes and emission calculations; (2) emission control research focused on control technologies; (3) environmental impact research focused on environmental pollution and health risk. In conclusion, using an oxygen-rich atmosphere for combustion and installing high-efficiency air pollution control devices (APCDs) helped to reduce the formation of Hg0. The average Hg removal rates of APCDs and modified adsorbents after ultra-low emission retrofit were distributed in the range of 82-93% and 41-100%, respectively. The risk level of Hg in combustion by-products was highest in desulfurization sludge (RAC > 10%) followed by fly ash (10% < RAC < 30%) and desulfurization gypsum (1% < RAC < 10%). Additionally, we found that the implementation of pollution and carbon reduction policies in China had reduced Hg emissions from CFPPs by 45% from 2007 to 2015, increased the efficiency of Hg removal from APCDs to a maximum of 96%, and reduced global transport and health risk of atmospheric Hg. The results conjunctively achieved by CiteSpace, and the literature review will enhance understanding of CFPP Hg emission research and provide new perspectives for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Liu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiajia Gao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Guoliang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Rui Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Tao Yue
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China.
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26
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Cheng K, Chang Y, Lee X, Ji D, Qiao L, Zou Z, Duan Y, Huang RJ. Life-Course Health Risk Assessment of PM 2.5 Elements in China: Exposure Disparities by Species, Source, Age, Gender, and Location. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:3629-3640. [PMID: 38354315 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c05404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Key stages in people's lives have particular relevance for their health; the life-course approach stresses the importance of these stages. Here, we applied a life-course approach to analyze the health risks associated with PM2.5-bound elements, which were measured at three sites with varying environmental conditions in eastern China. Road traffic was found to be the primary source of PM2.5-bound elements at all three locations, but coal combustion was identified as the most important factor to induce both cancer risk (CR) and noncancer risk (NCR) across all age groups due to the higher toxicity of elements such as As and Pb associated with coal. Nearly half of NCR and over 90% of CR occurred in childhood (1-6 years) and adulthood (>18 years), respectively, and females have slightly higher NCR and lower CR than males. Rural population is found to be subject to the highest health risks. Synthesizing previous relevant studies and nationwide PM2.5 concentration measurements, we reveal ubiquitous and large urban-rural environmental exposure disparities over China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Cheng
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Yunhua Chang
- Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, NUIST Center on Atmospheric Environment, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology (NUIST), Nanjing 210044, China
| | - Xuhui Lee
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, United States
| | - Dongsheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Liping Qiao
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Formation and Prevention of Urban Air Pollution Complex, Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Zhong Zou
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yusheng Duan
- Shanghai Environmental Monitoring Center, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Ru-Jin Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change, and Key Laboratory of Aerosol Chemistry and Physics, Institute of Earth and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an 710061, China
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Jing D, Ma J, Dong Z, Bai L, Kan Q. Research on factors affecting the spread of dust pollution in conveyor belt workshop and research on wet dust reduction technology. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0299328. [PMID: 38394085 PMCID: PMC10889843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0299328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
At this stage, there are many dust-hazardous industries, and occupational pneumoconiosis has a high incidence for a long time. To solve the dust pollution problem in coal processing plant workshops, the dust particle field and liquid droplet particle field were numerically simulated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the influences of the induced airflow and corridor wind speed on the internal airflow field of the workshop were investigated to derive the dust pollution mechanism in the coal plant workshop under the change in the wind flow field. In this study, it was shown that the wind flow rate in the coal processing plant workshop is mainly affected by the corridor wind speed, and the higher the corridor wind speed is, the higher the wind flow rate. The induced airflow mainly affected the direction of the wind flow field in the workshop. According to the conclusions obtained from the simulations, a spray dust reduction system was designed for the coal processing plant workshop and applied in the Huangyuchuan coal processing plant. On-site measurement revealed that the dust reduction effect inside the coal processing plant workshop is obvious, and the overall dust reduction efficiency in the workshop reaches more than 94%, which meets the requirements of environmentally sustainable development and clean production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deji Jing
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Research Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
| | - Jichuang Ma
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Research Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
| | - Zhe Dong
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Research Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
| | - Luyue Bai
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Research Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
| | - Qisheng Kan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Research Institute of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
- Thermodynamic Disasters and Control of Ministry of Education, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China
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28
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Guo W, Li Z, Zhang Z, Zhu R, Xiao H, Xiao H. Sources and influences of atmospheric nonpolar organic compounds in Nanchang, central China: Full-year monitoring with a focus on winter pollution episodes. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:169216. [PMID: 38092198 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Nonpolar organic compounds (NPOCs) are found in atmospheric aerosols and have significant implications for environmental and human health. Although many studies have quantitatively estimated the sources of NPOCs in different cities, few have evaluated their main influencing factors (e.g., emissions and meteorological conditions) at relatively long (e.g., different seasons) and short timescales (e.g., several days during pollution episodes). A better understanding of this issue could optimise strategies for dealing with organic contamination in atmospheric particulate matter. NPOCs (including n-alkanes, PAHs and hopanes) in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) were sampled daily at Nanchang, China, from 1 November 2020 to 31 October 2021. Analyses of specific biomarkers and diagnostic ratios indicate that the NPOCs mainly had anthropogenic sources. The quantitative estimates of a positive matrix factorization model show that fossil fuel and biomass combustion were the main sources of n-alkanes (contributing 64.8 %), while vehicle exhaust was the main source of PAHs (47.0 %) and hopanes (52.3 %). Seasonally, the contributions from coal and/or biomass combustion were higher in autumn and winter (40.2-56.3 %) than in spring and summer (25.7-44.3 %), while contributions from natural plants, petroleum volatilization and vehicle exhaust were higher in spring and summer (14.7-63.5 %) than in autumn and winter (8.1-48.9 %). Redundancy analysis shows that increased emissions, especially from coal and/or biomass combustion, are the main cause of increases in NPOCs, during both annual sampling periods and winter pollution episodes. Over the year, higher temperature and longer sunshine hours correspond to lower NPOC concentrations. In winter pollution episodes, increases in temperature and relative humidity correspond to increases in NPOC concentrations. Our results suggest that controlling primary emissions, especially from coal and biomass combustion, may be an effective way to prevent increases in NPOC concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Guo
- School of Water Resources and environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zicong Li
- School of Water Resources and environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Ziyue Zhang
- School of Water Resources and environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Renguo Zhu
- School of Water Resources and environmental Engineering, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China; Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of the Causes and Control of Atmospheric Pollution, East China University of Technology, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Hongwei Xiao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Huayun Xiao
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
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29
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Zhang X, Zhang S, Wei X, Liu Z, Wang C, Mu H, Han Y, Liu C. Identification of sources and analysis of spatial distribution of soil heavy metals in northern China coal mining areas. Environ Geochem Health 2024; 46:94. [PMID: 38374291 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-024-01877-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The mining and utilization of coal resources has not only promoted rapid economic development but also poses a potential threat to the ecological environment. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects both of mining and land use types on the spatial distribution and particular sources of heavy metals in soil, using inverse distance weighted (IDW) and the Positive Matrix Factorization (PMF) model. A total of 99 topsoil and profile soil samples across different land use types and mining conditions were collected. The contamination of soil with Cd, Pb, and Hg in the research area was most severe, with the coefficient of variation (CV) of Hg being the largest, while also being heavily influenced by human activities. Severely polluted regions were mainly distributed in the center of the coal mining area, as well as near the highway. The contents of heavy metals for various land use patterns were ranked as follows: forestland > farmland > bare land > grassland > building land. Hg, Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn had showed migration in the 0-60 cm depth range, and the enrichment factors (EFs) of Cd, Pb, Hg, and As in the soil profile were the most significant. The PMF demonstrated that the contributions of industrial activities and atmospheric deposition, transportation and mining activities, agricultural activities, and natural sources accounted for 31.25%, 28.13%, 22.24%, and 18.38%, respectively. The migration and deposition of atmospheric particulate matter from coal mining, transportation, and coal combustion under winds triggered heavy metal contamination in semi-arid areas of northern China. This phenomenon has important implications for the prevention and reduction of heavy metal pollution through various effective measures in coal-mining cities in northern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shengwei Zhang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Water Resources Protection and Utilization of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Management of Water Resources and Water Environment in the Inner Mongolia Reaches of the Yellow River, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China.
| | - Xiaoyan Wei
- Inner Mongolia Environmental Monitoring and Inspection Co., LTD, Hohhot, 010010, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Zhiqiang Liu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chunxue Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Hongying Mu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Yuzhe Han
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Chengxu Liu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, 010018, Inner Mongolia, China
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Aldekheel M, Tohidi R, Al-Hemoud A, Alkudari F, Verma V, Subramanian PSG, Sioutas C. Identifying urban emission sources and their contribution to the oxidative potential of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) in Kuwait. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123165. [PMID: 38103716 PMCID: PMC10923010 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we investigated the seasonal variations, chemical composition, sources, and oxidative potential of ambient PM2.5 (particles with a diameter of less than 2.5 μm) in Kuwait City. The sampling campaign was conducted within the premises of Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research from June 2022 to May 2023, covering different seasons throughout the year. The personal cascade impactor sampler (PCIS) operated at flow rate of 9 L/min was employed to collect weekly PM2.5 samples on PTFE and quarts filters. These collected samples were analyzed for carbonaceous species (i.e., elemental and organic carbon), metals and transition elements, inorganic ions, and DTT (dithiothreitol) redox activity. Furthermore, principal component analysis (PCA) and multi-linear regression (MLR) were used to identify the predominant emission sources and their percentage contribution to the redox activity of PM2.5 in Kuwait. The results of this study highlighted that the annual-averaged ambient PM2.5 mass concentrations in Kuwait (59.9 μg/m3) substantially exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline of 10 μg/m3. Additionally, the summer season displayed the highest PM2.5 mass concentration (75.2 μg/m3) compared to other seasons, primarily due to frequent dust events exacerbated by high-speed winds. The PCA identified four primary PM2.5 sources: mineral dust, fossil fuel combustion, road traffic, and secondary aerosols. The mineral dust was found to be the predominant source, contributing 36.1% to the PM2.5 mass, followed by fossil fuel combustion and traffic emissions with contributions of 23.7% and 20.3%, respectively. The findings of MLR revealed that road traffic was the most significant contributor to PM2.5 oxidative potential, accounting for 47% of the total DTT activity. In conclusion, this comprehensive investigation provides essential insights into the sources and health implications of PM2.5 in Kuwait, underscoring the critical need for effective air quality management strategies to mitigate the impacts of particulate pollution in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aldekheel
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA; Department of Civil Engineering, Kuwait University, P.O Box 5969, Safat, 13060, Kuwait
| | - Ramin Tohidi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Ali Al-Hemoud
- Environment and Life Sciences Research Center, Kuwait Institute for Scientific Research, P.O. Box 24885, Safat, 13109, Kuwait
| | - Fahad Alkudari
- Public Administration of Experts, Ministry of Justice, P.O. Box 6, Safat, 12008, Kuwait
| | - Vishal Verma
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - P S Ganesh Subramanian
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Constantinos Sioutas
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA.
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Luqman M, Niazi A, Kashif SUR, Arooj F, Aziz ur Rehman S, Awan MUF, Wasim M, Raza F. Metal pollution in the topsoil of lands adjacent to Sahiwal Coal Fired Power Plant (SCFPP) in Sahiwal, Pakistan. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298433. [PMID: 38359049 PMCID: PMC10868761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Coal fly ash from a coal fired power plant is a significant anthropogenic source of various heavy metals in surrounding soils. In this study, heavy metal contamination in topsoil around Sahiwal coal fired power plant (SCFPP) was investigated. Within distance of 0-10, 11-20, 21-30 and 31-40 km of SCFPP, total 56 soil samples were taken, 14 replicate from each distance along with a background subsurface soil sample beyond 60 km. Soil samples were subjected to heavy metals analysis including Fe, Cu and Pb by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Composite samples for each distance were analyzed for Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cr, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, Sr, Zn by Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP). Pollution indices of exposed soil including Enrichment Factor (EF), Contamination Factor (CF), Geoaccumulation Index (Igeo), and Pollution Load Index (PLI) were calculated. Ecological risk index ([Formula: see text]) of individual metals and the Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) for all metals were determined. Soil samples within 40 km of SCFPP were significantly polluted with Pb (mean 2.81 ppm), Cu (mean 0.93 ppm), and Fe (mean 7.93 ppm) compared to their background values (Pb 0.45, Cu 0.3, and Fe 4.9 ppm). Some individual replicates were highly contaminated where Pb, Fe, and Cu values were as high as 6.10, 35.4 and 2.51 ppm respectively. PLI, Igeo, CF, and EF for metals classified the soil around CFPP as "moderate to high degree of pollution", "uncontaminated to moderately contaminated", "moderate to very high contamination", and "moderate to significant enrichment" respectively with average values for Cu as 2.75, 0.82, 3.09, 4.01; Pb 4.79, 1.56, 6.16, 7.76, and for Fe as 1.20, 0.40, 1.62, 3.35 respectively. Average Ecological Risk Index ([Formula: see text]) of each metal and Potential Ecological Risk Index (PERI) for all metals classified the soils as "low risk soils" in all distances. However, ([Formula: see text]) of Pb at a number of sites in all distances have shown "moderate risk". The linear correlation of physico-chemical parameter (EC, pH, Saturation %) and metals have recorded several differential correlations, however, their collective impact on Pb in 0-10 km, has recorded statistically significant correlation (p-value 0.01). This mix of correlations indicates complex interplay of many factors influencing metal concentrations at different sampling sites. The concentration of As, Cr, Co, Cd, and Zn was found within satisfactory limits and lower than in many parts of the world. Although the topsoil around SCFPP is largely recorded at low risk, for complete assessment of its ecological health, further research considering comprehensive environmental parameters, all important trace metals and variety of input pathways is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Luqman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aliza Niazi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Saif Ur Rehman Kashif
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Arooj
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Aziz ur Rehman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Wasim
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS) Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Faakhar Raza
- Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Regional Office, Lahore, Pakistan
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Duan L, Yu H, Wang Q, Wang F, Lin T, Cao Y, Guo Z. A comprehensive exploration of characteristics and source attribution of carbonaceous aerosols in PM 2.5 in an East China megacity. Environ Pollut 2024; 343:123239. [PMID: 38154782 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
A total of 84 PM2.5 (fine particulate matter) aerosol samples were collected between October 2020 and August 2021 within an urban site in Hangzhou, an East China megacity. Chemical species, such as organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), as well as char, soot, and n-alkanes, were analyzed to determine their pollution characteristics and source contributions. The mean yearly concentrations of OC, EC, char, soot, and total n-alkanes (∑n-alkane) were 8.76 ± 3.61 μg/m3, 1.44 ± 0.76 μg/m3, 1.21 ± 0.69 μg/m3, 0.3 ± 0.1 μg/m3, and 24.2 ± 10.6 ng/m3. The OC, EC, and ∑n-alkanes were found in the highest levels during winter and lowest during summer. There were strong correlations between OC and EC in both winter and spring, suggesting similar potential sources for these carbonaceous components in both seasons. There were poor correlations among the target pollutants due to summertime secondary organic carbon formation. Potential source contribution functions analysis showed that local pollution levels in winter and autumn were likely influenced by long-range transportation from the Plain of North China. Source index and positive matrix factorization models provided insights into the complex sources of n-alkanes in Hangzhou. Their major contributors were identified as terrestrial plant releases (32.7%), traffic emissions (28.8%), coal combustion (27.3%), and microbial activity (11.2%). Thus, controlling vehicular emissions and coal burning could be key measures to alleviate n-alkane concentrations in the atmosphere of Hangzhou, as well as other Chinese urban centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lian Duan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 200062, China
| | - Huimin Yu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qiongzhen Wang
- Environmental Science Research & Design Institute of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310007, China; Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Control Technology of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, 310007, China
| | - Fengwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region's Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400030, China
| | - Tian Lin
- College of Marine Ecology and Environment, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yibo Cao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhigang Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438, China; Institute of Eco-Chongming (IEC), Shanghai, 200062, China; State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Land and Sea Ecological Governance and Systematic Regulation, Shandong Academy for Environmental Planning, Jinan, 250101, China.
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Ogugua PC, Su H, Wang E. Synergistic blending of biomass, sewage sludge, and coal for enhanced bioenergy production: Exploring residue combinations and optimizing thermal conversion parameters. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120035. [PMID: 38244407 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Creating renewable energy from lignocellulosic biomass is essential for a sustainable future. Due to their abundance and the possibility of producing cheap and clean energy, non-lignocellulosic wastes like sewage sludge from industrial and municipal wastes have drawn attention as a feasible alternative to fossil fuels. These abundant, cost-effective resources may help minimize the effects of climate change since they produce less pollution. Several drawbacks are associated with using sewage sludge in thermal conversion procedures. These issues encompass suboptimal energy yield, elevated ash levels in the final product, and subpar biomass quality. Using these scraps in conjunction with coal might enhance energy conversion processes. This study has revealed the necessity for further investigation into how various combinations of residues interact with each other, influencing synergistic effects and degradation processes. The study's underlying objective was to provide a centralized database on the synergistic effects of mixing biomass and sewage sludge for bioenergy production, coal and biomass, and coal and sewage sludge through thermochemical processes like combustion, pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrolysis with Aspen Plus. This study will assist in enhancing biofuels' output from sewage sludge, coal, and coal/biomass blends in thermal conversion by defining the operating parameters (temperature, heat, and residence duration) of pyrolysis and combustion, features, and chemical properties that may influence these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Chinonso Ogugua
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Huihui Su
- School of China-UK Low Carbon College, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Enlu Wang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China.
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Gao Y, Lyu T, Zhang W, Zhou X, Zhang R, Tang Y, Jiang Y, Cao H. Control priority based on source-specific DALYs of PM 2.5-bound heavy metals by PMF-PSCF-IsoSource model in urban and suburban Beijing. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120016. [PMID: 38232599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
To determine the priority control sources, an approach was proposed to evaluate the source-specific contribution to health risks from inhaling PM2.5-bound heavy metals (PBHMs). A total of 482 daily PM2.5 samples were collected from urban and suburban areas of Beijing, China, between 2018 and 2019. In addition to the PMF-PSCF model, a Pb isotopic IsoSource model was built for more reliable source apportionment. By using the comprehensive indicator of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic health risks could be compared on a unified scale. The study found that the annual average concentrations of the total PBHMs were significantly higher in suburban areas than in urban areas, with significantly higher concentrations during the heating season than during the nonheating season. Comprehensive dust accounted for the largest contribution to the concentration of PBHMs, while coal combustion contributed the most to the DALYs associated with PBHMs. These results suggest that prioritizing the control of coal combustion could effectively reduce the disease burden associated with PBHMs, leading to notable public health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Tong Lyu
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ruidi Zhang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yilin Tang
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Yanxue Jiang
- College of Environment and Ecology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400045, China
| | - Hongbin Cao
- Beijing Area Major Laboratory of Protection and Utilization of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China; Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China.
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35
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Pan H, Wang H, Wang K, Zhang T, Ji B. Experimental study of precursory features of CO2 blasting-induced coal rock fracture based on grayscale and texture analysis. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297753. [PMID: 38335229 PMCID: PMC10857609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
CO2 blasting has been identified as a potent method for enhancing the permeability of coal seams and improving gas drainage efficiency. This study is focused on elucidating the deformation and fracture mechanisms of coal and rock during CO2 blasting and on identifying the precursor characteristics of these processes. To this end, a CO2 blasting-induced coal rock fracture pressure model and a gas pressure distribution model were developed. The research utilized a self-developed CO2 blasting test platform along with a non-contact full-strain field measurement analysis system. Briquette samples were subjected to CO2 blasting tests under controlled experimental conditions, which included an axial pressure of 1.0 MPa and variable gas pressures of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 MPa. This methodology enabled the capture of the principal strain field on the surface of the samples. The Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix (GLCM) was employed to extract and analyze the grayscale and texture features of the strain cloud maps, facilitating a quantitative assessment of their evolution. The aim was to pinpoint the precursor characteristics associated with coal rock cracking and crack propagation. The results revealed that: (1) During the cracking and subsequent propagation of samples, the strain field's grayscale histogram underwent a transformation from a "broad and low" to a "narrow and high" configuration, with a consistent increase in peak frequency. Specifically, at 3 ms, a primary crack was observed in the sample, evidenced by a grayscale peak frequency of 0.0846. By 9 ms, as the crack propagated, the grayscale peak frequency escalated to 0.1626. (2) The texture feature parameters experienced their initial abrupt change at 3ms. Correlation with the gas pressure distribution model indicated that this was the crack initiation moment in the sample. (3) A secondary abrupt shift in the texture feature parameters occurred at 9ms, in conjunction with experimental phenomena, was identified as the crack propagation phase. Monitoring the grayscale and texture features of the principal strain field on the coal rock surface proved effective in recognizing the precursor characteristics of crack initiation and propagation. This research has the potential to reduce blasting costs in coal mines, optimize blasting effects, and provided theoretical guidance for enhancing gas extraction efficiency from deep and low permeability coal seams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Pan
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Haotian Wang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Kang Wang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Tianjun Zhang
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Bing Ji
- College of Safety Science and Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
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Lei M, Han H, Tian X, Zhang L, Zhang Q. Investigation of ash fusion characteristics on co-combustion of coal and biomass (straw, sludge, and herb residue) based on experimental and machine learning method. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:8467-8482. [PMID: 38175513 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31690-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Co-combustion of coal and biomass has the potential to reduce the cost of power generation in plants. However, because of the high content of the alkali metal of biomass ash, co-combustion of these two fuels leads to unpredictable ash fusion temperature (AFT). This study conducted experiments to measure the AFT of straw, sludge, and herb residue when they were blended with coal at different ratios. Additionally, a machine learning algorithm called tuna swarm optimization (TSO) was employed to optimize the support vector regression (SVR) model to predict the softening temperature (ST) of samples. The results indicate that straw and sludge were found to be suitable for blending in small proportions, while herb residue was suitable for blending in larger proportions. In comparison to the traditional grid search optimization model, the TSO algorithm significantly enhances the prediction accuracy of both training and test sets, and improves the generalization ability of SVR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Lei
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency Power Generation Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China
| | - Hui Han
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency Power Generation Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China
| | - Xi Tian
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency Power Generation Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency Power Generation Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Low Carbon and High Efficiency Power Generation Technology, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China.
- School of Energy and Power Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, Hebei, 071003, China.
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Kumari M, Bhattacharya T. Selection of tropical trees and shrubs for urban greening in coal mine complex: a case study of Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:13003-13025. [PMID: 38240973 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31910-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the effectiveness of roadside trees for removing dust and the effects of dust load on the physiology and micromorphology of the foliage. The present study was conducted near an open coal mining complex situated in Singrauli, Madhya Pradesh, India, to assess the air pollution tolerance index (APTI), anticipated performance index (API), dust capturing capacity (DCC), and leaf morphology of trees and shrubs growing around the coal fields. Results showed that Azadirachta indica, Mangifera indica, Ficus religiosa, Ailanthus excelsa, and Ficus benghalensis were the most tolerant species towards air pollution (high APTI scores), while plants like Calotropis gigantea, Lantana camara, and Tectona grandis were proven to be bio-indicator species. Butea monosperma, Ficus benghalensis, Alstonia scholaris, and Terminalia arjuna were plant species with the highest DCC. Two-way ANOVA showed significant differences site-wise and season-wise in the biochemical parameters of APTI and a considerable difference site-wise with respect to dust capturing capacity. Correlation and regression analyses revealed a very high positive correlation between APTI and ascorbic acid value. The study recommends suitable plant species to manage rising air pollution in the coal mine and nearby areas apart from suggesting the development of a green belt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mala Kumari
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India
| | - Tanushree Bhattacharya
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand, 835215, India.
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38
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Liu F, Wang G, Li B, Wang C, Qu S, Liao F. Rare earth element behaviors of groundwater in overlying aquifers under the influence of coal mining in northern Ordos Basin, China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:13284-13301. [PMID: 38244162 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-31958-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Rare earth elements (REEs) have been used as tracers to reveal the hydrochemical sources and processes in groundwater systems that are usually modified by anthropogenic inputs. However, the REE behaviors in groundwater affected by mining activities have yet to be fully understood. In combination of REE geochemistry with general hydrochemical and isotopic (δ2H and δ18O) methods, this study investigated the concentration and fractionation of REEs in alkaline groundwater from two coal mines with similar aquifer lithology but different mining histories in the Northern Ordos Basin. One of the coal mines started mining in March 2009 (Ningtiaota coal mine, NTT), while the other started mining in December 2018 (Caojiatan coal mine, CJT). Results show that the primary hydrochemical type is HCO3-Ca in NTT groundwater with pH value ranging between 7.68 and 8.60, while CJT groundwater was dominated by the HCO3-Na type with higher pH of 9.09-10.00. The average values of ΣREEs were lower, and the NASC-normalized pattern reflected more intense fractionation in NTT groundwater than those in CJT groundwater. The evident differences are caused by the distinctions in water-rock interaction, complexation of inorganic species, and adsorption of REEs in NTT and CJT groundwater. Furthermore, these processes were closely related to the pH of groundwater that was different in two coal mines, which is likely linked to the different durations of coal mining activities that led to differences in development of rock fractures and pyrite oxidation. It is expected that REEs, combined with other indicators such as pH, can be used to trace and help better understand the hydrochemical changes in groundwater caused by mining.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengxia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangcai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China.
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fu Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology & MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
- School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China
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Hümmler A, Bayer VJ, Achten C. Unravelling mixed sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) in urban soils by visual characterization of anthropogenic substrates and coal particles, 71 PAH and alkylated PAH patterns. Environ Pollut 2024; 342:123029. [PMID: 38030105 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.123029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
The identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) sources in heterogeneous urban soils containing pyrogenic and/or petrogenic anthropogenic substrates is a common task for risk assessment. Here, for the first time, the results of source identification using analysis of 71 PAH, alkylated PAH patterns and PAH Alkylation Index were related to visually identified and quantified anthropogenic substrates in 50 soil samples. Only the combination of chemical methods with visual characterization enabled the deeper understanding of varying alkylated PAH patterns used for source apportionment and their superimposition if multiple sources occur. Pyrogenic substrates show homogenic slope-shape PAH patterns despite large visual variety. Petrogenic substrates (bituminous coals), show prevailingly bell-shape patterns but pyrogenic patterns also occur, probably due to residues from industrial processes and/or sorption of other pyrogenic PAH. Superimposition of both PAH patterns within a sample results in intermediate patterns, which are determined by the abundance of substrates and their individual PAH contents. A discrepancy between the share of petrogenic substrates and petrogenic PAH was observed due to low-medium PAH contents from coals/tailings. This may lead to misinterpretations if only chemical source identification methods are applied. With increasing proportion of petrogenic PAH in the mixture, the intermediate V-shape pattern (later bell-shape) appears in lower molecular weight PAH and moves progressively to higher molecular weight PAH. ∑71 PAH contents vary from 1.77 to 326.5 mg/kg (median 26.5 mg/kg). Non-EPA PAH measured include highly toxic ∑4 dibenzopyrene isomers (0.045-6.23 mg/kg, median 0.79 mg/kg) and 7H-benzo[c]fluorene (0.008-1.57 mg/kg, median 0.12 mg/kg). Most common anthropogenic substrates are bottom ashes, slags, bituminous coals/tailings and coke/coke ash. The PAH Alkylation Index identifies reliably samples dominated by either petrogenic (<0.4) or pyrogenic (>0.9) PAH, independently of the PAH content. Mixed or primarily pyrogenic PAH sources (0.4-0.9) need further investigations, like the presented combination of methods, which enables a reliable source apportionment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hümmler
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 24, 48149, Münster, Germany.
| | - Viviane J Bayer
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 24, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Christine Achten
- Institute of Geology and Palaeontology - Applied Geology, University of Münster, Corrensstr. 24, 48149, Münster, Germany.
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Song Z, Zhang L, Tian C, Li K, Chen P, Jia Z, Hu P, Cui S. Chemical characteristics, distribution patterns, and source apportionment of particulate elements and inorganic ions in snowpack in Harbin, China. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140886. [PMID: 38065265 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Snowpack, which serves as a natural archive of atmospheric deposition of multiple pollutants, is a practical environmental media that can be used for assessing atmospheric records and input of the pollutants to the surface environments and ecosystems. A total of 29 snowpack samples were collected at 20 sampling sites covering three different functional areas of a major city (Harbin) in Northeast China. Two samples at the "snow layer" and one or two samples at the "particulate layer" were collected at each sampling site in the industrial areas characterized by multi-layer snowpack, and only one sample at the "snow layer" was collected at each sampling site in the cultural and recreational as well as agricultural areas. The snow contents of 31 elements (Na, Mg, Al, K, Ca, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Y, Cd, La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, and Pb) and six major water-soluble inorganic ions (WSIIs, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, NO2-, NO3-, and SO42-) were analyzed. The total mass of the measured elements is dominated (95.8%-99.2%) by crustal elements. Heavy metals only account for 0.77%-4.07% of the total mass of the elements, but are occasionally close to or even above the standard limit in the "Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water" of China (GB3838-2002). SO42- and Ca2+ are the main anion and cation, accounting for 34.9%-81.1% and 1.43%-29.9%, respectively, of the measured total ions. Total atmospheric deposition of crustal elements and heavy metals is dominated by wet deposition in areas near the petrochemical plant and by dry deposition in areas near the cement plant. Coal combustion, industrial emissions, and traffic-related activities lead to the enrichment of heavy metals in the snowpacks of urban and suburban areas, while coal combustion and biomass burning contribute to pollution in rural areas. The cities and regions situated in the western, northwestern, northern, and northeastern directions from Harbin are potential source regions of these pollutant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Song
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Leiming Zhang
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Ontario, M3H 5T4, Canada
| | - Chongguo Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Kunyang Li
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Zhaoyang Jia
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China
| | - Peng Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Simulation and Regulation of Water Cycle in River Basin, China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
| | - Song Cui
- International Joint Research Center for Persistent Toxic Substances (IJRC-PTS), School of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China; Research Center for Eco-Environment Protection of Songhua River Basin, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150030, China.
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Chen X, Zhao T, Xiao C, Guo X, Chen F. Isotopic characteristics and source analysis of atmospheric ammonia during agricultural periods in the Xichuan area of the Danjiangkou Reservoir. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:460-469. [PMID: 37923456 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.10.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen deposition is an important means of exogenous nitrogen input in reservoir water. Agricultural activities around the reservoir lead to a sharp increase in the concentration of ammonia in the atmosphere, which poses a threat to the reservoir water body. Clarifying the contribution of agricultural ammonia release to atmospheric NHx (gaseous NH3 and particulate NH4+), in the reservoir area can provide a theoretical foundation for local reactive nitrogen control. We collected atmospheric NH3 and NH4+ samples during the agricultural periods and analyzed the isotopic characteristics of atmospheric NHx and the contribution rates of different ammonia sources in the Xichuan area of the Danjiangkou Reservoir. The results showed that the initial δ15N values of NH3 (-30.0‰ to -7.2‰) and particulate NH4+(-33‰ to +4.9‰ for finer and coarser particles, respectively) are different, and their contribution ratios from dissimilar ammonia sources are also different, among which NH4+ is more susceptible to meteorological factors. However, since the atmospheric NHx in the Xichuan area is mainly gaseous NH3, the final sources of atmospheric ammonia nitrogen source depend on gaseous NH3. Agricultural sources (59%-74%) were the main NH3 sources in this area. Among them, the fertilizer use emission was dominant; it had the highest contribution rate in summer during the agricultural period and a more prominent impact in areas with less human interference. Reasonable regulation of the application of high-ammonia releasing fertilizer, especially during the agricultural period in summer, is an effective way to reduce the threat of atmospheric ammonia to water health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshu Chen
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Tongqian Zhao
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| | - Chunyan Xiao
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China.
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
| | - Feihong Chen
- Institute of Resources and Environment, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454000, China
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Zhao B, Liu W, Wang X, Lu J. Emission characteristics and removal of heavy metals in flue gas: a case study in waste incineration and coal-fired power plants. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:8883-8897. [PMID: 38180667 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31678-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Heavy metal pollutants such as Hg, As, Pb, Cr, and Cd emitted from coal and waste combustion have received widespread attention. In this study, we systematically investigated the emission characteristics of heavy metals in waste incineration and coal-fired flue gases, focused on testing the removal effect of self-made cold electrode electrostatic precipitator (CE-ESP) on heavy metals in flue gas, and made a comparative analysis with the existing air pollution control devices (APCDs). Test results from waste incineration power plant showed that each APCD showed a certain effect on the removal of heavy metals in condensable particulate matter (CPM), with an average removal efficiency of bag filter was 86%, but its effect on Hg removal was slightly worse. Under the coupled field with electrified cold electrode plate operation mode, the average removal efficiency of CE-ESP on heavy metals in CPM was as high as 93%, including 76% for Hg. The removal efficiency of heavy metals (especially Hg) in CPM increased with the increase of flue gas temperature difference between inlet and outlet of CE-ESP. Test results from this coal-fired power plant showed that heavy metals were enriched in fly ash to a higher degree than in slag, the synergistic control of heavy metals in submicron particulate matter by the dust remover was not obvious, and there was a significant correlation between each heavy metal emission factor and its content in coal. Under the temperature field with non-electric cold electrode plate operation mode, the overall effect of CE-ESP on the removal of gaseous heavy metals was better than that of particulate heavy metals. Under the conventional electric field operation mode, CE-ESP was less effective in removing particulate Cr and gaseous Hg0. Under the coupled field with electrified cold electrode plate operation mode, the average removal efficiencies of CE-ESP for particulate and gaseous heavy metals were 82.37% and 76.16%, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Zhao
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multipollutants Control, Department of Environental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenting Liu
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multipollutants Control, Department of Environental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multipollutants Control, Department of Environental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianyi Lu
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multipollutants Control, Department of Environental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, People's Republic of China.
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, MOE Key Laboratory of Resources & Environmental System Optimization, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, People's Republic of China.
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Han X, Li D, Du W, Shi J, Li S, Xie Y, Deng S, Wang Z, Tian S, Ning P. Particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in rural households burning solid fuels in Xuanwei County, Southwest China: occurrence, size distribution, and health risks. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:15398-15411. [PMID: 38294651 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32077-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
The study is about the size distribution and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in indoor environment of Xuanwei, Southwest China particle samples were collected by Anderson 8-stage impactor which was used to gather particle samples to nine size ranges. Size-segregated samples were collected in indoor from a rural village in Xuanwei during the non-heating and heating seasons. The results showed that the total concentrations of the indoor particulate matter (PM) were 757 ± 60 and 990 ± 78 μg/m3 in non-heating and heating seasons, respectively. The total concentration of indoor PAHs reached to 8.42 ± 0.53 μg/m3 in the heating season, which was considerably greater than the concentration in the non-heating season (2.85 ± 1.72 μg/m3). The size distribution of PAHs showed that PAHs were mainly enriched in PMs with the diameter <1.1 μm. The diagnostic ratios (DR) and principal component analysis (PCA) showed that coal and wood for residential heating and cooking were the main sources of indoor PAHs. The results of the health risk showed that the total deposition concentration (DC) in the alveolar region (AR) was 0.25 and 0.68 μg/m3 in the non-heating and heating seasons respectively. Throughout the entire sampling periods, the lifetime cancer risk (R) based on DC of children and adults varied between 3.53 ×10-5 to 1.79 ×10-4. During the heating season, the potential cancer risk of PAHs in adults was significant, exceeding 10-4, with a rate of 96%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Han
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Dingshuang Li
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Wei Du
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Jianwu Shi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Shuai Li
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuqi Xie
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Shihan Deng
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Zhihao Wang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Senlin Tian
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, China
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Qin C, Fu X, Wang T, Gao J, Wang J. Control of fine particulate nitrate during severe winter haze in "2+26" cities. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:261-269. [PMID: 37923436 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The "2+26" cities, suffering the most severe winter haze pollution, have been the key region for air quality improvement in China. Increasing prominent nitrate pollution is one of the most challenging environmental issues in this region, necessitating development of an effective control strategy. Herein, we use observations, and state-of-the-art model simulations with scenario analysis and process analysis to quantify the effectiveness of the future SO2-NOX-VOC-NH3 emission control on nitrate pollution mitigation in "2+26" cities. Focusing on a serious winter haze episode, we find that limited NOX emission reduction alone in the short-term period is a less effective choice than VOC or NH3 emission reduction alone to decrease nitrate concentrations, due to the accelerated NOX-HNO3 conversion by atmospheric oxidants and the enhanced HNO3 to NO3- partition by ammonia, although deep NOX emission reduction is essential in the long-term period. The synergistic NH3 and VOC emission control is strongly recommended, which can counteract the adverse effects of nonlinear photochemistry and aerosol chemical feedback to decrease nitrate more. Such extra benefits will be reduced if the synergistic NH3 and VOC reduction is delayed, and thus reducing emission of multiple precursors is urgently required for the effective control of increasingly severe winter nitrate pollution in "2+26" cities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuang Qin
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiao Fu
- Institute of Environment and Ecology, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong 99907, China
| | - Jian Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10084, China
| | - Jiaqi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 10084, China
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Dong Y, Lu H, Lin H. Comprehensive study on the spatial distribution of heavy metals and their environmental risks in high-sulfur coal gangue dumps in China. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:486-497. [PMID: 37923458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of coal gangue (CG) from coal mining is an important source of heavy metals (HMs) in soil. Its spatial distribution and environment risk assessment are extremely important for the management and remediation of HMs. Eighty soil samples were collected from the high-sulfur CG site in northern China and analyzed for six HMs. The results showed that the soil was heavily contaminated by Mn, Cr and Ni based on the Nemerow index, and posed seriously ecological risk depended on the geo-accumulation index, potential ecological risk index and risk assessment code. The semi-variogram model and ordinary kriging interpolation accurately portrayed the spatial distribution of HMs. Fe, Mn, and Cr were distributed by band diffusion, Ni was distributed by core, the distribution of Cu had obvious patchiness and Zn was more uniform. The spatial autocorrelation indicated that all HMs had strong spatial heterogeneity. The BCR sequential extraction was employed to qualify the geochemical fractions of HMs. The data indicated that Fe and Cr were dominated by residual fraction; Cu, Ni and Zn were dominated by reducible and oxidizable fractions; Mn was dominated by reducible and acid-extractable (25.38%-44.67%) fractions. Pearson correlation analysis showed that pH was the main control factor affecting the non-residue fractions of HMs. Therefore, acid production from high sulfur CG reduced soil pH by 2-3, which indirectly promoted the activity of HMs. Finally, the conceptual model of HMs contamination at the CG site was proposed, which can be useful for the development of ecological remediation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Dong
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Huan Lu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hai Lin
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China; Beijing Key Laboratory on Resource-oriented Treatment of Industrial Pollutants, Beijing 100083, China.
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46
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Bui TH, Nguyen TPM. Source identification and health risk assessment of PM 2.5 in urban districts of Hanoi using PCA/APCS and UNMIX. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:11815-11831. [PMID: 38224430 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31751-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Comparing results obtained by different models with different physical assumptions and constraints for source apportionment is important for better understanding the sources of pollutants. Source apportionment of PM2.5 measured at three sites located in inner urban districts of Hanoi was performed using two receptor models, UNMIX and principal component analysis with absolute principle component score (PCA/APCS). A total of 78 daily samples were collected consecutively during the dry and wet seasons in 2019 and 2020. The average PM2.5 concentration (66.26 µg/m3 ± 29.70 µg/m3 with a range from 23.57 to 169.04 µg/m3) observed in Hanoi metropolitan exceeded the National Ambient Air Quality standard QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT (50 µg/m3). Both UNMIX and PCA/APCS expressed comparable ability to reproduce measured PM2.5 concentrations. Additionally, both models identified similar potential sources of PM2.5 including traffic-related emissions, scrap metal recycling villages, crustal mixed with construction sources, coal combustion mixed with industry, and biomass burning. Both UNMIX and PCA/APCS confirmed that traffic-related emission was the most influential PM2.5 with a high percentage contribution of 59% and 55.97%, respectively. All the HQ and Cr values for both children and adults of toxic elements apportioned by both UNMIX and PCA/APCS in every source were within the acceptable range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hieu Bui
- Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Hanoi University of Civil Engineering, 55 Giai Phong Road, Hai Ba Trung, Hanoi, Vietnam.
| | - Thi Phuong Mai Nguyen
- Faculty of Environmental Sciences, University of Science, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, 334 Nguyen Trai, Thanh Xuan, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Werner TT, Toumbourou T, Maus V, Lukas MC, Sonter LJ, Muhdar M, Runting RK, Bebbington A. Patterns of infringement, risk, and impact driven by coal mining permits in Indonesia. Ambio 2024; 53:242-256. [PMID: 37889462 PMCID: PMC10774476 DOI: 10.1007/s13280-023-01944-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Coal mining is known for its contributions to climate change, but its impacts on the environment and human lives near mine sites are less widely recognised. This study integrates remote sensing, GIS, stakeholder interviews and extensive review of provincial data and documents to identify patterns of infringement, risk and impact driven by coal mining expansion across East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Specifically, we map and analyse patterns of mining concessions, land clearing, water cover, human settlement, and safety risks, and link them with mining governance and regulatory infractions related to coal mining permits. We show that excessive, improper permit granting and insufficient monitoring and oversight have led to deforestation, widespread overlaps of concessions with settlements, extensive boundary and regulatory violations, lacking reclamation, and numerous deaths. As the world's largest thermal coal exporter, Indonesia's elevated coal infringements, risks, and impacts translate to supply chain, sustainability, and human rights concerns for global coal markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim T Werner
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia.
| | - Tessa Toumbourou
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Victor Maus
- Institute for Ecological Economics, Vienna University of economics and Business (WU), Welthandelsplatz 1, 1020, Vienna, Austria
- Advancing Systems Analysis Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Laxenburg, Austria
| | - Martin C Lukas
- Department of Geography, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Laura J Sonter
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Muhamad Muhdar
- Faculty of Law, Universitas Mulawarman, Jalan Sambaliung no. 1, Samarinda, 75119, Indonesia
| | - Rebecca K Runting
- School of Geography, Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Melbourne, 221 Bouverie Street, Carlton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony Bebbington
- Graduate School of Geography, Clark University, 950 Main St, Worcester, MA, 01610, USA
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48
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Lyu X, Tao R, Zhang T. Pre-combustion mercury removal with co-production of hydrogen via coal electrolysis. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 136:382-389. [PMID: 37923448 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Pre-combustion mercury removal via coal electrolysis was performed and investigated on a bench-scale coal electrolytic cell (CEC) systemically, and factorial design was used to determine the effect of different operating conditions (coal particle size, operating temperature, operating cell voltage, and flow rate of slurry) on the percentage of mercury removal, percentage of ash removal, and dry heating value change. The results showed that the operating cell voltage, as well as the interaction between operating cell voltage and coal particle size, are significant factors in the percentage of mercury removal. There is no significant factor in the percentage of ash removal and the dry heating value change, but the coal could be purified while keeping the dry heating value almost constant after electrolysis. A co-product of hydrogen could be produced during coal electrolysis with 50% lower energy consumption compared with water electrolysis. Meanwhile, a mechanism for mercury removal in coal was proposed. The facts indicate that coal electrolysis is a promising method for pre-combustion mercury removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Lyu
- Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Department, Ohio University, 165 Stocker Center, Athens, OH, 45701, USA; Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA.
| | - Runming Tao
- Electrification and Energy Infrastructures Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Tianyu Zhang
- Beijing Key Lab for Source Control Technology of Water Pollution, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Engineering Research Center for Water Pollution Source Control & Eco-remediation, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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Jiao Z, Gao C, Li J, Lu J, Wang J, Li L, Chen X. Weathered Coal-Immobilized Microbial Materials as a Highly Efficient Adsorbent for the Removal of Lead. Molecules 2024; 29:660. [PMID: 38338404 PMCID: PMC10856798 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Most research on immobilized microorganisms employs biomass charcoal as a carrier, but limited studies explore coal-based resources for microbial immobilization. Herein, lead-resistant functional strains were immobilized using weathered coal as a carrier, resulting in the development of a weathered coal-immobilized microbial material (JK-BW) exhibiting high efficiency in lead removal from solutions. A quadratic polynomial model for the adsorption capacity and adsorption rate of JK-BW on Pb2+ was developed using the Box-Behnken method to determine the optimal adsorption conditions. The Pb2+ adsorption mechanism of JK-BW was studied through batch adsorption and desorption experiments along with SEM-EDS, BET, FT-IR, and XPS analyses. Findings indicated that optimal conditions were identified at 306 K temperature, 0.36 g/L adsorbent dosage, and 300 mg/L initial solution concentration, achieving a peak adsorption performance of 338.9 mg/g (308 K) for the immobilized material, surpassing free cell adsorption by 3.8 times. Even after four cycles of repeated use, the material maintained its high adsorption capacity. Pb2+ adsorption by JK-BW involved monolayer chemisorption with ion exchange, complexation, precipitation, physical adsorption, and microbial intracellular phagocytosis. Ion exchange accounted for 22-42% and complexation accounted for 39-57% of the total adsorption mechanisms, notably involving exchanges with K, Ca, Na, and Mg ions as well as complexation with -OH, -COOH, CO-OH, -COOH, CO-, NH2, and the β-ring of pyridine for Pb2+ adsorption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zile Jiao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Chunhua Gao
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jianhua Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Jinjing Lu
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Juan Wang
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Lin Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
| | - Xiaojing Chen
- College of Resources and Environment, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031, China; (Z.J.); (J.L.); (J.L.); (J.W.); (L.L.)
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Soil Environment and Nutrient Resources, Taiyuan 030031, China
- Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China
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Li Z, Qi R, Li Y, Miao J, Li Y, He Z, Zhang N, Pan L. Source-specific ecological and health risks of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the adjacent coastal area of the Yellow River Estuary, China. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2024; 26:146-160. [PMID: 38009362 DOI: 10.1039/d3em00419h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Industrialization and urbanization have led to increasing levels of PAH pollution in highly urbanized estuaries and their adjacent coastal areas globally. This study focused on the adjacent coastal area of the Yellow River Estuary (YRE) and collected surface seawater, surface sediment, and clams Ruditapes philippinarum and Mactra veneriformis at four sites (S1 to S4) in May, August, and October 2021 to analyze the source-specific ecological and health risks and bioeffects. The findings revealed that the main sources of PAHs were traffic emission (25.2% to 28.5%), petroleum sources (23.3% to 29.5%), coal combustion (24.7% to 27.5%), and biomass combustion (19.8% to 20.7%). Further, the PMF-RQ and PMF-ILCR analyses indicated that traffic emission was the primary contributor to ecological risks in seawater and health risks in both clam species, while coal combustion was the major contributor in sediment. Taken together, it is recommended to implement control strategies for PAH pollution following the priority order: traffic > coal > petroleum > biomass, to reduce the content and risk of PAHs in the YRE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyuan Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ruicheng Qi
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yufen Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Jingjing Miao
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Yaobing Li
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Zhiheng He
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Ning Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, PR China
| | - Luqing Pan
- Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, Qingdao 266003, China.
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