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Daroodi Z, Taheri P. The genus Acrophialophora: History, phylogeny, morphology, beneficial effects and pathogenicity. Fungal Genet Biol 2024; 171:103875. [PMID: 38367800 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2024.103875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
The genus Acrophialophora is a thermotolerant fungus, which is widely distributed in temperate and tropical zones. This fungus is classified in Ascomycota and belongs to the Chaetomiaceae family and the genera of Parathielavia, Pseudothielavia and Hyalosphaerella are closely related to Acrophialophora. For this genus have been reported 28 species so far, which two species of Acrophialophora jodhpurensis and Acrophialophora teleoafricana produce only sexual phase and other species produce asexual form. Therefore, producing both sexual and asexual forms were not reported by any species. Many applications were reported by some species in agriculture, pharmacy and industry. Production of enzymes, antimicrobial metabolites and plant growth-promoting factors were reported by some species. The species of A. nainiana is used in the industries of textile, fruit juice, pulp and paper due to extracellular enzyme production. Also, other species produce extracellular enzymes that can be used in various industries. The species Acrophialophora are used in the composting industry due to the production of various enzymes and to be thermotolerant. In addition, some species were isolated from hostile environmental conditions. Therefore has been suggested that it can be used for mycoremediation. Also, antimicrobial metabolites of Acrophialophora have been reported to be effective against human and plant pathogens. In contrast to the beneficial effects described, the Acrophialophora pathogenicity has been rarely reported. Two species A. fusispora and A. levis are opportunistic fungi and have been reported as pathogens in humans, animals and plants. Currently, the development and applications of Acrophialophora species have increased more than past. To our knowledge, there is no report with comprehensive information on the species of Acrophialophora, which include their disadvantage and beneficial effects, particularly in agriculture. Therefore, it seems necessary to pay more in-depth attention to the application of this genus as a beneficial fungus in agriculture, pharmaceutical and industry. This review is focused on the history, phylogeny, morphology, valuable roles of Acrophialophora and pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoha Daroodi
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Parissa Taheri
- Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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2
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Hensen N, Bonometti L, Westerberg I, Brännström IO, Guillou S, Cros-Aarteil S, Calhoun S, Haridas S, Kuo A, Mondo S, Pangilinan J, Riley R, LaButti K, Andreopoulos B, Lipzen A, Chen C, Yan M, Daum C, Ng V, Clum A, Steindorff A, Ohm RA, Martin F, Silar P, Natvig DO, Lalanne C, Gautier V, Ament-Velásquez SL, Kruys Å, Hutchinson MI, Powell AJ, Barry K, Miller AN, Grigoriev IV, Debuchy R, Gladieux P, Hiltunen Thorén M, Johannesson H. Genome-scale phylogeny and comparative genomics of the fungal order Sordariales. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 189:107938. [PMID: 37820761 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
The order Sordariales is taxonomically diverse, and harbours many species with different lifestyles and large economic importance. Despite its importance, a robust genome-scale phylogeny, and associated comparative genomic analysis of the order is lacking. In this study, we examined whole-genome data from 99 Sordariales, including 52 newly sequenced genomes, and seven outgroup taxa. We inferred a comprehensive phylogeny that resolved several contentious relationships amongst families in the order, and cleared-up intrafamily relationships within the Podosporaceae. Extensive comparative genomics showed that genomes from the three largest families in the dataset (Chaetomiaceae, Podosporaceae and Sordariaceae) differ greatly in GC content, genome size, gene number, repeat percentage, evolutionary rate, and genome content affected by repeat-induced point mutations (RIP). All genomic traits showed phylogenetic signal, and ancestral state reconstruction revealed that the variation of the properties stems primarily from within-family evolution. Together, the results provide a thorough framework for understanding genome evolution in this important group of fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noah Hensen
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plants Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lucas Bonometti
- University of Montpellier, PHIM Plant Health Institute, Montpellier, France
| | - Ivar Westerberg
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plants Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ioana Onut Brännström
- Oslo University, Natural History Museum, Oslo, Norway; Uppsala University, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sonia Guillou
- University of Montpellier, PHIM Plant Health Institute, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Sara Calhoun
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Sajeet Haridas
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alan Kuo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Stephen Mondo
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Jasmyn Pangilinan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Riley
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Kurt LaButti
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Bill Andreopoulos
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Anna Lipzen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cindy Chen
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Mi Yan
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Chris Daum
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Vivian Ng
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Alicia Clum
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Steindorff
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robin A Ohm
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | - Philippe Silar
- Université de Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
| | - Donald O Natvig
- University of New Mexico, Department of Biology, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Christophe Lalanne
- Université de Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Gautier
- Université de Paris Cité, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain, Paris, France
| | | | - Åsa Kruys
- Uppsala University, Museum of Evolution, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Amy Jo Powell
- Sandia National Laboratories, Dept. of Systems Design and Architecture, Albuquerque, USA
| | - Kerrie Barry
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andrew N Miller
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Illinois Natural History Survey, USA
| | - Igor V Grigoriev
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, Berkeley, CA, USA; University of California Berkeley, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Debuchy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Pierre Gladieux
- University of Montpellier, PHIM Plant Health Institute, Montpellier, France
| | - Markus Hiltunen Thorén
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plants Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna Johannesson
- Stockholm University, Department of Ecology, Environment and Plants Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden; The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, Stockholm, Sweden.
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3
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Rao QR, Rao JB, Zhao M. Chemical diversity and biological activities of specialized metabolites from the genus Chaetomium: 2013-2022. Phytochemistry 2023; 210:113653. [PMID: 36972807 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Chaetomium (Chaetomiaceae), a large fungal genus consisting of at least 400 species, has been acknowledged as a promising resource for the exploration of novel compounds with potential bioactivities. Over the past decades, emerging chemical and biological investigations have suggested the structural diversity and extensive potent bioactivity of the specialized metabolites in the Chaetomium species. To date, over 500 compounds with diverse chemical types have been isolated and identified from this genus, including azaphilones, cytochalasans, pyrones, alkaloids, diketopiperazines, anthraquinones, polyketides, and steroids. Biological research has indicated that these compounds possess a broad range of bioactivities, including antitumor, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, enzyme inhibitory, phytotoxic, and plant growth inhibitory activities. This paper summarizes current knowledge referring to the chemical structure, biological activity, and pharmacologic potency of the specialized metabolites in the Chaetomium species from 2013 to 2022, which might provide insights for the exploration and utilization of bioactive compounds in this genus both in the scientific field and pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ru Rao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China; Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Bo Rao
- Research Center of Natural Resources of Chinese Medicinal Materials and Ethnic Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-Induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Charria-Girón E, Stchigel AM, Čmoková A, Kolařík M, Surup F, Marin-Felix Y. Amesia hispanica sp. nov., Producer of the Antifungal Class of Antibiotics Dactylfungins. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9040463. [PMID: 37108917 PMCID: PMC10141101 DOI: 10.3390/jof9040463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
During a study of the diversity of soilborne fungi from Spain, a strain belonging to the family Chaetomiaceae (Sordariales) was isolated. The multigene phylogenetic inference using five DNA loci showed that this strain represents an undescribed species of the genus Amesia, herein introduced as A. hispanica sp. nov. Investigation of its secondary metabolome led to the isolation of two new derivatives (2 and 3) of the known antifungal antibiotic dactylfungin A (1), together with the known compound cochliodinol (4). The planar structures of 1-4 were determined by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detection and ion mobility tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-DAD-IM-MS/MS) and extensive 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy after isolation by HPLC. All isolated secondary metabolites were tested for their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. Dactylfungin A (1) showed selective and strong antifungal activity against some of the tested human pathogens (Aspergillus fumigatus and Cryptococcus neoformans). The additional hydroxyl group in 2 resulted in the loss of activity against C. neoformans but still retained the inhibition of As. fumigatus in a lower concentration than that of the respective control, without showing any cytotoxic effects. In contrast, 25″-dehydroxy-dactylfungin A (3) exhibited improved activity against yeasts (Schizosaccharomyces pombe and Rhodotorula glutinis) than 1 and 2, but resulted in the appearance of slight cytotoxicity. The present study exemplifies how even in a well-studied taxonomic group such as the Chaetomiaceae, the investigation of novel taxa still brings chemistry novelty, as demonstrated in this first report of this antibiotic class for chaetomiaceous and sordarialean taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban Charria-Girón
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Alberto Miguel Stchigel
- Mycology Unit, Medical School, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/Sant Llorenç 21, 43201 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adéla Čmoková
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Kolařík
- Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frank Surup
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Yasmina Marin-Felix
- Department Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig, Inhoffenstrasse 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Microbiology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Spielmannstraße 7, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
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Cai XY, Li N, Li Y, Zhang RJ, Lin P, Liu L, Ye HY, Wu WS, Zhao M. An epigenetic modifier enhances the generation of anti-phytopathogenic compounds from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosporum of Euphorbia humifusa. Phytochemistry 2022; 203:113426. [PMID: 36084856 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2022.113426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Endophytic fungi are striking resources rich in bioactive structures with agrochemical significance. In order to maximize the opportunity of search for bioactive compounds, chemical epigenetic manipulation was introduced to enhance the structural diversity of the fungal products, and an UPLC-ESIMS and bioassay-guided separation was used to detect novel bioactive metabolites. Consequently, four previously undescribed compounds including two cyclopentenones (globosporins A and B) and two monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (globosporines C and D), as well as three known compounds, were isolated from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosporum of Euphorbia humifusa by exposure to a DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine. Their structures including the absolute configurations were elucidated by the analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, HRESIMS, and TD-DFT-ECD calculations. The indole alkaloids (globosporines C and D) showed antimicrobial activities against three phytopathogenic microbes (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, X. oryzae pv. oryzicola, and Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans) with MICs in the range of 14-72 μg/mL. Mostly, globosporine D was proved to be potently anti-phytopathogenic against X. oryzae pv. oryzae in vitro and in vivo, which suggested that it has the potential to be developed as a candidate for the prevention of rice bacterial leaf blight. This work provides an efficient and environmentally friendly approach for expanding fungal products with agricultural importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ying Cai
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Li
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Li
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui-Jia Zhang
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Lin
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao-Yu Ye
- Laboratory of Natural Product Drugs, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Medical School, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Shuang Wu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Zhao
- Laboratory of Metabolomics and Drug-induced Liver Injury, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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Promgool T, Kanokmedhakul K, Leewijit T, Song J, Soytong K, Yahuafai J, Kudera T, Kokoska L, Kanokmedhakul S. Cytotoxic and antibacterial depsidones from the endophytic fungus Chaetomium brasiliense isolated from Thai rice. Nat Prod Res 2021; 36:4605-4613. [PMID: 34736358 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2021.1999947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Four new depsidones, mollicellins V-Y (1-4), together with eight known depsidones (5-12) were isolated from the endophytic fungus, Chaetomium brasiliense, detached from stems of Thai rice. Their structures were determined by extensive spectroscopic methods. Mollicellins X, H, and F (3, 8 and 10) showed potent cytotoxicity against the human oral epidermoid carcinoma (KB) cell line, and mollicellin F (10) also showed a potent cytotoxicity against the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell line. Besides, mollicellin B (11) exhibited cytotoxicity against the colorectal adenocarcinoma (HT-29) cell line. Moreover, most of the isolated depsidones displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis, and several of them showed moderate activity against Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and clinical isolates of S. aureus. In addition, a few of them also showed moderate activity against a Gram-negative bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trinop Promgool
- Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Thianrat Leewijit
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jiaojiao Song
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasem Soytong
- Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Jantana Yahuafai
- Natural Products Research Section, Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Tomas Kudera
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical Agrisciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ladislav Kokoska
- Department of Crop Sciences and Agroforestry, Faculty of Tropical Agrisciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Faculty of Science, Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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7
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Ryan K, Cañete-Gibas C, Sanders C, Sosa N, Wiederhold NP. Pseudocanariomyces americanus, gen. nov., sp. nov., A New Thielavia-Like Species in the Chaetomiaceae: Identification and Management of a Prosthetic Hip Infection. Mycopathologia 2021; 186:441-447. [PMID: 34013385 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-021-00555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This report describes the phenotypic characteristics of a novel fungal species, isolated from a prosthetic hip infection. The patient, who had undergone multiple total hip arthroplasties due to Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, presented with continued fever and wound dehiscence. Findings upon incision and draining were notable for necrotic tissue and a sinus tract from the fluid collection. Intraoperative cultures were positive for a sterile filamentous fungus. BLASTn results following DNA sequencing placed the isolate within the family Chaetomiaceae close to the genera Madurella, Canariomyces, Stolonocarpus, Stellatospora, Ovatospora, Carteria and Melanocarpus. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the isolate was a new thielavia-like species, Pseudocanariomyces americanus. Antifungal susceptibility was performed, and low minimum inhibitory concentrations were observed with amphotericin B, itraconazole, posaconazole, and voriconazole. The patient was initially treated with voriconazole but was switched to posaconazole secondary to a photosensitivity reaction. Acceptable posaconazole trough concentrations were achieved, and the patient remained stable without pain or drainage from her surgical incision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan Ryan
- Pharmacy Department, The University of New Mexico Hospital, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Connie Cañete-Gibas
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78228, USA
| | - Carmita Sanders
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78228, USA
| | - Nestor Sosa
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, The University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center At San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX, 78228, USA.
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Abstract
Thielavia species (Chaetomiaceae) are a wealthy source of enzymes such as laccases, cutinases, glucuronoyl esterases, feruloyl esterases, 1,4-β-endoglucanase and lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases that reported to have various biotechnological and industrial applications in dye decolorization, bio-refinery, biomass utilization, ester biosynthesis and biodegradation. Different metabolites have been reported from this genus as depsides, azaphilones, pyrazines, naphthodianthrones and anthraquinones derivatives. These metabolites have attracted research interest due to their fascinating structures and diverse bioactivities, including antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, anti-diabetic, and superoxide anion generation, phospholipase, prostaglandins synthesis and proteasome inhibitory activities. Therefore, these compounds can be taken into account as candidates for the development of effective and novel pharmaceutical leads. The current review represents the relevant information for the Thielavia genus, in particular, its phytoconstituents and their pharmacological activities, as well as the biotechnological applications of Thielavia species published from 1981 till now. More than 40 metabolites are described and - 71 references are cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Batterjee Medical College, Preparatory Year Program, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed E Altyar
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
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9
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Zhang XY, Tan XM, Yu M, Yang J, Sun BD, Qin JC, Guo LP, Ding G. Bioactive metabolites from the desert plant-associated endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum ( Chaetomiaceae). Phytochemistry 2021; 185:112701. [PMID: 33607578 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Globosumin, an undescribed chromene-4,7(4aH)-dione-tetramic acid PKS-PKS-NRPS hybrid, and globosumone, an undescribed azaphilone, together with ten known metabolites, were isolated from the desert plant-associated endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum (Chaetomiaceae). The planar structures and relative configurations of globosumin and globosumone were determined by high-resolution ESI-MS and NMR data, and the absolute configurations of these two metabolites were determined by electronic circular dichroism (ECD) and circular dichroism (CD) combined with time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT)-based quantum-chemical calculations. Chaetoglobosin A displayed biological effects against the seedling growth of Arabidopsis thaliana (Brassicaceae) in a dose-dependent manner, and this compound also exhibited biological activity against two cancer cell lines, A549 and HepG2, with IC50 values of 6.82 ± 2.34 and 38.62 ± 7.44 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang-Mei Tan
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Yang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China
| | - Bing-Da Sun
- Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100090, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian-Chun Qin
- College of Plant Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, 130062, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lan-Ping Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, People's Republic of China.
| | - Gang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China.
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10
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Abstract
Staphylotrichum sinense, a new hyphomycete classified in the Chaetomiaceae (Ascomycota), was isolated from soil in Jianshui county, Yunnan Province. It is characterized by globose and ochreous conidia born laterally on aerial hyphae, and micronematous, unbranched and 0-1-septate conidiophores, sometimes reduced to conidiogenous cells. Morphologically, Staphylotrichum sinense is similar to Staphylotrichum boninense, but it can be distinguished by lacking of macronematous conidiophores and having larger conidia. Phylogenetically Staphylotrichum sinense formed a single clade within Staphylotrichum species, and is closely related to Staphylotrichum boninense and Staphylotrichum brevistipitatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Qiao
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Lingyan Yang
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
| | - Zefen Yu
- Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-resources, Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650091, PR China
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11
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Chovanová K, Kamlárová A, Maresch D, Harichová J, Zámocký M. Expression of extracellular peroxidases and catalases in mesophilic and thermophilic Chaetomia in response to environmental oxidative stress stimuli. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 181:481-490. [PMID: 31228824 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Peroxidases and catalases are well-known antioxidant enzymes produced in almost all living organisms for the elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and thus they prevent the occurrence of oxidative stress. In our study we focused on two soil fungi of the family Chaetomiaceae (mesophilic Chaetomium cochliodes and its thermophilic counterpart C. thermophilum var. dissitum) in order to explore the presence of peroxidase and catalase genes, formation of their native transcripts and protective effect of corresponding translation products in a case study. Predicted genes of our interest were confirmed by genomic PCR and their inducible transcripts by RT-PCR. We were able to quantify the expression levels of newly discovered fungal heme peroxidases and catalases with the reverse-transcription quantitative real-time PCR method. We compared obtained quantitative levels of mRNA production with the level of corresponding extracellular protein occurrence as detected with monitoring their specific peroxidase and catalase activities directly in the cultivation media at optimal growth temperatures. The presence of secretory Catalase 2 from C. thermophilum var. dissitum was detected and identified with mass spectrometry approach directly in the growth medium. This unique catalase is phylogenetically closely related with a previously described catalase-phenol oxidase thus representing an effective and versatile antioxidant in the environment of the fungal mycelia also involved in the catabolism of recalcitrant phenolic substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarína Chovanová
- Laboratory of Phylogenomic Ecology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551, Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Anna Kamlárová
- Laboratory of Phylogenomic Ecology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551, Bratislava Slovakia; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University, Trieda SNP 1, SK-04011, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Daniel Maresch
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, A-1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jana Harichová
- Laboratory of Phylogenomic Ecology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551, Bratislava Slovakia
| | - Marcel Zámocký
- Laboratory of Phylogenomic Ecology, Institute of Molecular Biology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 21, SK-84551, Bratislava Slovakia; Department of Molecular Evolution & Development, University of Vienna, Althanstrasse 14, A-1090, Vienna, Austria.
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12
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Wang XW, Bai FY, Bensch K, Meijer M, Sun BD, Han YF, Crous PW, Samson RA, Yang FY, Houbraken J. Phylogenetic re-evaluation of Thielavia with the introduction of a new family Podosporaceae. Stud Mycol 2019; 93:155-252. [PMID: 31824584 PMCID: PMC6816082 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2019.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Thielavia is morphologically defined by having non-ostiolate ascomata with a thin peridium composed of textura epidermoidea, and smooth, single-celled, pigmented ascospores with one germ pore. Thielavia is typified with Th. basicola that grows in close association with a hyphomycete which was traditionally identified as Thielaviopsis basicola. Besides Th. basicola exhibiting the mycoparasitic nature, the majority of the described Thielavia species are from soil, and some have economic and ecological importance. Unfortunately, no living type material of Th. basicola exists, hindering a proper understanding of the classification of Thielavia. Therefore, Thielavia basicola was neotypified by material of a mycoparasite presenting the same ecology and morphology as described in the original description. We subsequently performed a multi-gene phylogenetic analyses (rpb2, tub2, ITS and LSU) to resolve the phylogenetic relationships of the species currently recognised in Thielavia. Our results demonstrate that Thielavia is highly polyphyletic, being related to three family-level lineages in two orders. The redefined genus Thielavia is restricted to its type species, Th. basicola, which belongs to the Ceratostomataceae (Melanosporales) and its host is demonstrated to be Berkeleyomyces rouxiae, one of the two species in the "Thielaviopsis basicola" species complex. The new family Podosporaceae is sister to the Chaetomiaceae in the Sordariales and accommodates the re-defined genera Podospora, Trangularia and Cladorrhinum, with the last genus including two former Thielavia species (Th. hyalocarpa and Th. intermedia). This family also includes the genetic model species Podospora anserina, which was combined in Triangularia (as Triangularia anserina). The remaining Thielavia species fall in ten unrelated clades in the Chaetomiaceae, leading to the proposal of nine new genera (Carteria, Chrysanthotrichum, Condenascus, Hyalosphaerella, Microthielavia, Parathielavia, Pseudothielavia, Stolonocarpus and Thermothielavioides). The genus Canariomyces is transferred from Microascaceae (Microascales) to Chaetomiaceae based on its type species Can. notabilis. Canariomyces is closely related to the human-pathogenic genus Madurella, and includes three thielavia-like species and one novel species. Three monotypic genera with a chaetomium-like morph (Brachychaeta, Chrysocorona and Floropilus) are introduced to better resolve the Chaetomiaceae and the thielavia-like species in the family. Chrysocorona lucknowensis and Brachychaeta variospora are closely related to Acrophialophora and three newly introduced genera containing thielavia-like species; Floropilus chiversii is closely related to the industrially important and thermophilic species Thermothielavioides terrestris (syn. Th. terrestris). This study shows that the thielavia-like morph is a homoplastic form that originates from several separate evolutionary events. Furthermore, our results provide new insights into the taxonomy of Sordariales and the polyphyletic Lasiosphaeriaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China.,Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Y Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - K Bensch
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - M Meijer
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - B D Sun
- China General Microbiological Culture Collection Centre, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Y F Han
- Institute of Fungus Resources, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, China
| | - P W Crous
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria, 0002, South Africa.,Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - R A Samson
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - F Y Yang
- Grassland Institute, College of Animal Science & Technology, China Agricultural University, NO. 2 Yuanmingyuan West Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100093, China
| | - J Houbraken
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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Gao W, Sun W, Li F, Chai C, He Y, Wang J, Xue Y, Chen C, Zhu H, Hu Z, Zhang Y. Armochaetoglasins A-I: Cytochalasan alkaloids from fermentation broth of Chaetomium globosum TW1-1 by feeding L-tyrosine. Phytochemistry 2018; 156:106-115. [PMID: 30268043 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
By feeding L-tyrosine into the culture medium, nine undescribed compounds, termed as armochaetoglasins A-I, together with three known analogues, namely armochaetoglobin E, chaetoglobosin V, and chaetoglobosin J, were isolated and identified from the medicinal terrestrial arthropod-derived fungus Chaetomium globosum TW1-1. Their structures were elucidated by means of NMR spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray crystallography, and comparison of their electronic circular dichroism (ECD) spectra. Structurally, armochaetoglasin A represented the first tyrosine-derived cytochalasan alkaloid characterized by a 13-membered carbocyclic ring system; armochaetoglasins B and C possessed a rare 19,20-seco-chaetoglobosin skeleton. Armochaetoglasin B, chaetoglobosin V, and chaetoglobosin J showed weak cytotoxic activity with IC50 values ranging from 19.5 to 34.72 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixi Gao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiguang Sun
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Fengli Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenwei Chai
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan He
- Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongbo Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunmei Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Hucheng Zhu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengxi Hu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Natural Medicinal Chemistry and Resource Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Worobiec G, Neumann FH, Worobiec E, Nitz V, Hartkopf-Fröder C. New fungal cephalothecoid-like fructifications from central European Neogene deposits. Fungal Biol 2017; 121:285-292. [PMID: 28215354 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Revised: 11/10/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Fragments of cephalothecoid fructifications (peridia) were encountered during palynological investigations of Neogene deposits in Mizerna-Nowa/Poland and Adendorf/Germany. Isolated plates of cephalothecoid ascoma in shape and cellular structure similar to the extant members of the family Cephalothecaceae are described as Cephalothecoidomyces neogenicus fossil gen. et sp. nov. while remnants of fungal sporocarps with cephalothecoid walls with indistinct lines of dehiscence, similar in structure to peridia with cephalothecoid morphology of extant representatives the family Chaetomiaceae (mainly genus Chaetomidium) are assigned to Adendorfia miocenica fossil gen. et sp. nov. We also propose a new interpretation of some previously described fossil fungal taxa that we consider to be remnants of cephalothecoid ascomata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Worobiec
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Frank Harald Neumann
- Forschungsstelle für Paläobotanik, University of Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
| | - Elżbieta Worobiec
- W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Lubicz 46, PL-31-512 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Verena Nitz
- Forschungsstelle für Paläobotanik, University of Münster, Heisenbergstrasse 2, D-48149 Münster, Germany.
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15
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Abstract
Two new sterigmatocystin derivatives, oxisterigmatocystins E and F (1 and 2, respectively), along with nine known compounds, oxisterigmatocystins G and H (3 and 4, respectively), sterigmatocystin (5), N-0532B (6), O-methylsterigmatocystin (7), N-0532A (8), 6-O-methylversicolorin A (9), 6,8-O-dimethylversicolorin A (10), and 8-O-methylaverufin (11), were isolated from the fungus Botryotrichum piluliferum. The structures of these mycotoxins were elucidated by spectroscopic evidence. Among these, compounds 3, 4, and 9 were discovered as natural products for the first time. Compounds 1, 3, and 4 displayed antimalarial activity toward Plasmodium falciparum (IC50 = 7.9-23.9 μM). In addition, compounds 1-6 and 8-11 exhibited cytotoxicity against KB, MCF-7, and NCI-H187 cell lines (IC50 = 0.38-78.6 μM). However, compounds 1-9 showed cytotoxic effects against the Vero cell line (IC50 = 0.65-12.3 μM). This finding should promote awareness of the contamination of B. piluliferum in the food chain and agricultural soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oue-Artorn Rajachan
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kwanjai Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Kasem Soytong
- Department of Plant Production Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang , Bangkok 10520, Thailand
| | - Somdej Kanokmedhakul
- Natural Products Research Unit, Department of Chemistry and Center of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University , Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
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Wang XW, Houbraken J, Groenewald JZ, Meijer M, Andersen B, Nielsen KF, Crous PW, Samson RA. Diversity and taxonomy of Chaetomium and chaetomium-like fungi from indoor environments. Stud Mycol 2016; 84:145-224. [PMID: 28082757 PMCID: PMC5226397 DOI: 10.1016/j.simyco.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During a study of indoor fungi, 145 isolates belonging to Chaetomiaceae were cultured from air, swab and dust samples from 19 countries. Based on the phylogenetic analyses of DNA-directed RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), β-tubulin (tub2), ITS and 28S large subunit (LSU) nrDNA sequences, together with morphological comparisons with related genera and species, 30 indoor taxa are recognised, of which 22 represent known species, seven are described as new, and one remains to be identified to species level. In our collection, 69 % of the indoor isolates with six species cluster with members of the Chaetomium globosum species complex, representing Chaetomium sensu stricto. The other indoor species fall into nine lineages that are separated from each other with several known chaetomiaceous genera occurring among them. No generic names are available for five of those lineages, and the following new genera are introduced here: Amesia with three indoor species, Arcopilus with one indoor species, Collariella with four indoor species, Dichotomopilus with seven indoor species and Ovatospora with two indoor species. The generic concept of Botryotrichum is expanded to include Emilmuelleria and the chaetomium-like species B. muromum (= Ch. murorum) in which two indoor species are included. The generic concept of Subramaniula is expanded to include several chaetomium-like taxa as well as one indoor species. Humicola is recognised as a distinct genus including two indoor taxa. According to this study, Ch. globosum is the most abundant Chaetomiaceae indoor species (74/145), followed by Ch. cochliodes (17/145), Ch. elatum (6/145) and B. piluliferum (5/145). The morphological diversity of indoor Chaetomiaceae as well as the morphological characteristics of the new genera are described and illustrated. This taxonomic study redefines the generic concept of Chaetomium and provides new insight into the phylogenetic relationships among different genera within Chaetomiaceae.
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Affiliation(s)
- X W Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 3, 1st Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China; CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Houbraken
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - J Z Groenewald
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Meijer
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - B Andersen
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - K F Nielsen
- DTU Bioengineering, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - P W Crous
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI), University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0002, South Africa; Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R A Samson
- CBS-KNAW Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Uppsalalaan 8, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Hutchinson MI, Powell AJ, Tsang A, O'Toole N, Berka RM, Barry K, Grigoriev IV, Natvig DO. Genetics of mating in members of the Chaetomiaceae as revealed by experimental and genomic characterization of reproduction in Myceliophthora heterothallica. Fungal Genet Biol 2016; 86:9-19. [PMID: 26608618 DOI: 10.1016/j.fgb.2015.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Revised: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Members of the Chaetomiaceae are among the most studied fungi in industry and among the most reported in investigations of biomass degradation in both natural and laboratory settings. The family is recognized for production of carbohydrate-active enzymes and antibiotics. Thermophilic species are of special interest for their abilities to produce thermally stable enzymes and to be grown under conditions that are unsuitable for potential contaminant microorganisms. Such interests led to the recent acquisition of genome sequences from several members of the family, including thermophilic species, several of which are reported here for the first time. To date, however, thermophilic fungi in industry have served primarily as parts reservoirs and there has been no good genetic model for species in the family Chaetomiaceae or for thermophiles in general. We report here on the reproductive biology of the thermophile Myceliophthora heterothallica, which is heterothallic, unlike most described species in the family. We confirmed heterothallism genetically by following the segregation of mating type idiomorphs and other markers. We have expanded the number of known sexually-compatible individuals from the original isolates from Indiana and Germany to include several isolates from New Mexico. An interesting aspect of development in M. heterothallica is that ascocarp formation is optimal at approximately 30 °C, whereas vegetative growth is optimal at 45 °C. Genome sequences obtained from several strains, including isolates of each mating type, revealed mating-type regions whose genes are organized similarly to those of other members of the Sordariales, except for the presence of a truncated version of the mat A-1 (MAT1-1-1) gene in mating-type a (MAT1-2) strains. In M. heterothallica and other Chaetomiaceae, mating-type A (MAT1-1) strains have the full-length version of mat A-1 that is typical of mating-type A strains of diverse Ascomycota, whereas a strains have only the truncated version. This truncated mat A-1 has an intact open reading frame and a derived start codon that is not present in mat A-1 from A strains. The predicted protein contains a region that is conserved across diverse mat A-1 genes, but it lacks the major alpha1 domain, which characterizes proteins in this family and is known to be required for fertility in A strains from other Ascomycota. Finally, we have used genes from M. heterothallica to probe for mating genes in other homothallic and heterothallic members of the Chaetomiaceae. The majority of homothallic species examined have a typical mat A-1,2,3 (MAT1-1-1,2,3) region in addition to an unlinked mat a-1 (MAT1-2-1) gene, reflecting one type of homothallism commonly observed in diverse Ascomycota.
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