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Bennett G, King N, Redfern K, Breese BC. Supervised physical activity and the incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2155043. [PMID: 36514828 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2155043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) characterized by dysfunction in maintaining glucose homeostasis is recognized as the most common metabolic complication associated with pregnancy leading to adverse clinical outcomes for maternal and fetal health. Although previous analysis of the findings from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) support that regular physical activity reduces the incidence of GDM during pregnancy, less is known about the optimal timing of intervention with respect to trimester stage. OBJECTIVES To examine the interaction between both the timing and volume of supervised physical activity interventions on reducing the incidence of GDM during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN Electronic databases including CINAHL, Embase, Medline and the Cochrane library were searched for records up to 29 September 2022. Eligibility criteria were RCTs including standard antenatal care + supervised physical activity intervention without dietary modification vs. those receiving standard antenatal care alone in women with no previous diagnosis of GDM, type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESULTS Of the 3411 records identified, 20 RCTs comprising 6732 participants were included. It was found that supervised physical activity interventions decreased GDM risk when started within the first trimester (RR: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.41-0.79; p = .001) and by accumulating >600 MET·min·wk-1 of exercise (RR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.60-0.98; p = .03) compared with standard antenatal care alone. Women with a BMI ≤25 kg/m2 experienced the greatest risk reduction in GDM following supervised exercise training (RR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.34-0.75; p = .001). CONCLUSION Supervised physical activity reduces the incidence of GDM during pregnancy. It is recommended that pregnant individuals achieve a minimum of 600 MET·min·wk-1 of physical activity during the first trimester in order to reduce their odds of developing GDM. Attaining a healthy pre-pregnancy BMI is also an important determinant for the prevention of GDM with exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - N King
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - K Redfern
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
| | - B C Breese
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health, University of Plymouth, Plymouth, UK
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2
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King N, Rivera D, Cunningham S, Pickett W, Harkness K, McNevin SH, Milanovic M, Byun J, Khanna A, Atkinson J, Saunders KEA, Duffy A. Mental health and academic outcomes over the first year at university in international compared to domestic Canadian students. J Am Coll Health 2023; 71:2663-2672. [PMID: 34606410 DOI: 10.1080/07448481.2021.1982950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare risk factors and associated mental health and academic outcomes between international and domestic students. PARTICIPANTS Canadian university undergraduate students. METHODS Electronic surveys were completed at university entry and the end of first year. Surveys assessed demographics, risk factors, symptoms of mental disorders, and access to support. Academic outcomes were obtained from university databases. RESULTS International students had comparable or lower rates of clinically significant anxiety, depression, and insomnia. Domestic female students reported the highest screening rates for common mental disorders. However, international students were more likely to report having attempted suicide. International students felt less connected to the university community and had lower academic performance. Psychosocial risk factor profiles and proportions accessing mental health services were similar. CONCLUSIONS The scope of mental health need appears more similar than different between international and domestic students; however, international students may benefit from targeted academic and social support initiatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- N King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - D Rivera
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - S Cunningham
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - W Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - K Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - S H McNevin
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Student Mental Health, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - M Milanovic
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Byun
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - A Khanna
- Student Wellness Services, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - J Atkinson
- Faculty of Arts and Science, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - K E A Saunders
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - A Duffy
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Student Mental Health, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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3
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Bronzato M, Burriss A, King N, Donaldson C, Sayer D, Baker CM. Measuring the photostability of agrochemicals on leaves: understanding the balance between loss processes and foliar uptake. Pest Management Science 2023; 79:3114-3121. [PMID: 37013805 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photostability is an important property in agrochemicals, impacting their biological efficacy, environmental fate and registrability. As such, it is a property that is routinely measured during the development of new active ingredients and their formulations. To make these measurements, compounds are typically exposed to simulated sunlight after application to a glass substrate. While useful, these measurements neglect key factors that influence photostability under true field conditions. Most importantly, they neglect the fact that compounds are applied to living plant tissue, and that uptake and movement within this tissue provides a mechanism to protect compounds from photodegradation. RESULTS In this work, we introduce a new photostability assay incorporating leaf tissue as a substrate, designed to run at medium throughput under standardized laboratory conditions. Using three test cases, we demonstrate that our leaf-disc-based assays provides quantitatively different photochemical loss profiles to an assay employing a glass substrate. And we also demonstrate that these different loss profiles are intimately linked to the physical properties of the compounds, the effect that those properties have on foliar uptake and, thereby, the availability of the active ingredient on the leaf surface. CONCLUSIONS The method presented provides a quick and simple measure of the interplay between abiotic loss processes and foliar uptake, supplying additional information to facilitate the interpretation of biological efficacy data. The comparison of loss between glass slides and leaves also provides a better understanding of when intrinsic photodegradation is likely to be a good model for a compound's behaviour under field conditions. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Burriss
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Nikita King
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Claire Donaldson
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
| | - Danielle Sayer
- Syngenta, Jealott's Hill International Research Centre, Bracknell, UK
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McIsaac MA, King N, Steeves V, Phillips SP, Vafaei A, Michaelson V, Davison C, Pickett W. Mechanisms accounting for gendered differences in mental health status among young Canadians: A novel quantitative analysis. Prev Med 2023; 169:107451. [PMID: 36796589 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent girls consistently report worse mental health than boys. This study used reports from a 2018 national health promotion survey (n = 11,373) to quantitatively explore why such gender-based differences exist among young Canadians. Using mediation analyses and contemporary social theory, we explored mechanisms that may explain differences in mental health between adolescents who identify as boys versus girls. The potential mediators tested were social supports within family and friends, engagement in addictive social media use, and overt risk-taking. Analyses were performed with the full sample and in specific high-risk groups, such as adolescents who report lower family affluence. Higher levels of addictive social media use and lower perceived levels of family support among girls mediated a significant proportion of the difference between boys and girls for each of the three mental health outcomes (depressive symptoms, frequent health complaints, and diagnosis of mental illness). Observed mediation effects were similar in high-risk subgroups; however, among those with low affluence, effects of family support were somewhat more pronounced. Study findings point to deeper, root causes of gender-based mental health inequalities that emerge during childhood. Interventions designed to reduce girls' addictive social media use or increase their perceived family support, to be more in line with their male peers, could help to reduce differences in mental health between boys and girls. Contemporary focus on social media use and social supports among girls, especially those with low affluence, warrant study as the basis for public health and clinical interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A McIsaac
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, UPEI, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
| | - N King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - V Steeves
- Department of Criminology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S P Phillips
- Centre for Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - A Vafaei
- Centre for Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - V Michaelson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - C Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - W Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
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King N, Linden B, Cunningham S, Rivera D, Rose J, Wagner N, Mulder J, Adams M, Baxter R, Duffy A. The feasibility and effectiveness of a novel online mental health literacy course in supporting university student mental health: a pilot study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:515. [PMID: 35907852 PMCID: PMC9338643 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-04139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for effective universal approaches to promote and support university student mental health that are scalable and sustainable. In this pilot study we assess the feasibility and acceptability of a fully-digitalized, comprehensive mental health literacy course co-created with and tailored to the needs of undergraduate students. We also explore preliminary associations with mental health and positive behaviour change. METHODS An accredited online mental health literacy course was developed using state-of-the-art pedagogical principles and a reverse mentorship approach. The course was offered as an interdisciplinary undergraduate elective. Students completed an online survey before and after the 12-week course that collected demographic information and assessed mental health knowledge, emotional self-awareness, mental health, stigma, and health-related behaviors using validated measures. Dependent group t-tests were used to compare pre- and post-course levels of knowledge, mental health, sleep quality and substance use. Mental health outcomes of students who completed the course were compared to an age and sex-matched sample of students not enrolled in the course and who completed the same survey measures over the same academic year. Multivariable linear regression was used to examine the effect of course participation on outcomes at follow-up. RESULTS The course had good uptake and was positively reviewed by participants. Specifically, students found the course engaging, relevant, and applicable, and agreed they would recommend it to their peers. Among course participants there was improvement in mental health knowledge (p < 0.001) and emotional self-awareness (p = 0.02) at course completion. Compared to the matched comparison group, taking the course was associated with reduced alcohol (β = - 0.41, p = 0.01) and cannabis use (β = - 0.35, p = 0.03), and improved sleep quality (β = 1.56, p = 0.09) at the end of the term. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that delivering mental health literacy as an online accredited course may be an acceptable and effective way of promoting university student mental health through improved knowledge, emotional self-awareness, and healthy lifestyle choices. As the course is expanded to larger and more diverse student cohorts we will be able to further examine the short and long-term effectiveness of the course in supporting student mental health and the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. King
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - B. Linden
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Health Services and Policy Research Institute, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - S. Cunningham
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - D. Rivera
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - J. Rose
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - N. Wagner
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Office of Professional Development & Educational Scholarship, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - J. Mulder
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Office of Professional Development & Educational Scholarship, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - M. Adams
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Office of Professional Development & Educational Scholarship, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada
| | - R. Baxter
- grid.4305.20000 0004 1936 7988Centre for Research Collections, University of Edinburgh Main Library, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A. Duffy
- grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada ,grid.410356.50000 0004 1936 8331Department of Psychiatry, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Zeineddine H, King N, Lewis C, Kole M, Kitagawa R, Dannenbaum M. Blunt Traumatic Vertebral Artery Injuries: Incidence, Therapeutic Management, and Outcomes. J Vasc Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2022.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Courbet A, Hansen J, Hsia Y, Bethel N, Park YJ, Xu C, Moyer A, Boyken S, Ueda G, Nattermann U, Nagarajan D, Silva D, Sheffler W, Quispe J, Nord A, King N, Bradley P, Veesler D, Kollman J, Baker D. Computational design of mechanically coupled axle-rotor protein assemblies. Science 2022; 376:383-390. [PMID: 35446645 PMCID: PMC10712554 DOI: 10.1126/science.abm1183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Natural molecular machines contain protein components that undergo motion relative to each other. Designing such mechanically constrained nanoscale protein architectures with internal degrees of freedom is an outstanding challenge for computational protein design. Here we explore the de novo construction of protein machinery from designed axle and rotor components with internal cyclic or dihedral symmetry. We find that the axle-rotor systems assemble in vitro and in vivo as designed. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we find that these systems populate conformationally variable relative orientations reflecting the symmetry of the coupled components and the computationally designed interface energy landscape. These mechanical systems with internal degrees of freedom are a step toward the design of genetically encodable nanomachines.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Courbet
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - J. Hansen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Y. Hsia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - N. Bethel
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - YJ. Park
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - C. Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - A. Moyer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - S.E. Boyken
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - G. Ueda
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - U. Nattermann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - D. Nagarajan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - D. Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Division of Life Science, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong
- Monod Bio, Inc, Seattle, USA
| | - W. Sheffler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - J. Quispe
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - A. Nord
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - N. King
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - P. Bradley
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, USA
| | - D. Veesler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - J. Kollman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - D. Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Heres C, Rindos N, Fulcher I, Allen S, King N, Miles S, Donnellan N. Opioid use following laparoscopic surgery for endometriosis and chronic pelvic pain. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2021.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Michaelson V, Šmigelskas K, King N, Inchley J, Malinowska-Cieślik M, Pickett W. Domains of spirituality and their importance to the health of 75 533 adolescents in 12 countries. Health Promot Int 2021:6460273. [PMID: 34897449 DOI: 10.1093/heapro/daab185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirituality is an ancient concept with many contemporary applications to the field of health promotion. While recognized in the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as a basic human right, definitional misunderstandings about what spirituality is, and is not, and the mechanisms by which it affects the health of young people, remain. In this cross-national analysis involving >75 000 adolescents from 12 countries, we examined the relative importance of each of four spiritual health domains (connections to self, others, nature and the transcendent) in the lives of young people, and how these connections relate to a standard indicator of positive mental health status. Descriptive and applied regression analyses confirmed two major findings: (i) boys and girls in all 12 countries ranked the importance of each of the four domains in the same order, with 'connections to self' identified as most important; and (ii) both direct and indirect pathways are evident that connect the remaining three domains to positive mental health status, but through strong connections to self. Based on our scale items, fostering a strong connection to self, which involves cultivating a sense of meaning, purpose and joy in the lives of adolescents, appears most fundamental to fostering optimal mental health. This may be achieved directly or, dependent upon context and culture, indirectly with emphasis on the connections afforded by the other three domains. Such findings provide important insights to guide the content of adolescent health promotion interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Michaelson
- Brock University, 1812 Sir Isaac Brock Way, St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - K Šmigelskas
- Health Research Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, A. Mickeviciaus g. 9, LT 44307 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - N King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Carruthers Hall, 2nd and 3rd Floors 62 Fifth Field Company Lane Queen's University Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - J Inchley
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow Berkeley Square, 99 Berkeley St, Glasgow G3 7HR, United Kingdom
| | - M Malinowska-Cieślik
- Department of Environmental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University ul. św. Anny 12, 31-008 Kraków, Poland
| | - W Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Carruthers Hall, 2nd and 3rd Floors 62 Fifth Field Company Lane Queen's University Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6, Canada
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McIsaac M, Reaume M, Phillips S, Michaelson V, Steeves V, Davison C, Vafaei A, King N, Pickett W. A novel application of a data mining technique to study intersections in the social determinants of mental health among young Canadians. SSM Popul Health 2021; 16:100946. [PMID: 34746359 PMCID: PMC8551646 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Adolescent mental health is an emergent clinical and public health priority in Canada. Gender-based differences in mental health are well established. The objective of this study was to evaluate a new data mining technique to identify social locations of young Canadians where differences in mental health between adolescent males and females were most pronounced. Methods We examined reports from 21,221 young Canadians aged 11-15 years (10,349 males, 10,872 females) who had responded to a 2018 national health and health behaviours survey. Using recursive partitioning for subgroup identification (SIDES), we identified social locations that were associated with the strongest differences between males and females for three reported mental health outcomes: positive psychosomatic health, symptoms of depression, and having a diagnosed mental illness. Results The SIDES algorithm identified both established and new intersections of social factors that were associated with gender-based differences in mental health experiences, most favouring males. Discussion This analysis represents a novel proof-of-concept to demonstrate the utility of a subgroup identification algorithm to reveal important differences in mental health experiences between adolescent males and females. The algorithm detected new social locations (i.e., where gender intersected with other characteristics) associated with poor mental health outcomes. These findings set the stage for further intersectional research, involving both quantitative and qualitative analyses, to explore how axes of discrimination may intersect to shape potential gender-based health inequalities that emerge during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.A. McIsaac
- School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada
- Corresponding author. School of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, 550 University Ave, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, Canada.
| | - M. Reaume
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - S.P. Phillips
- Centre for Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - V. Michaelson
- Department of Health Sciences, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, Canada
| | - V. Steeves
- Department of Criminology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - C.M. Davison
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - A. Vafaei
- Centre for Studies in Primary Care, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - N. King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - W. Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
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Aruparayil N, Bolton W, Mishra A, Bains L, Gnanaraj J, King R, Ensor T, King N, Jayne D, Shinkins B. Clinical effectiveness of gasless laparoscopic surgery for abdominal conditions: systematic review and meta-analysis. Surg Endosc 2021; 35:6427-6437. [PMID: 34398284 PMCID: PMC8599349 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08677-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In high-income countries, laparoscopic surgery is the preferred approach for many abdominal conditions. Conventional laparoscopy is a complex intervention that is challenging to adopt and implement in low resource settings. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluate the clinical effectiveness of gasless laparoscopy compared to conventional laparoscopy with CO2 pneumoperitoneum and open surgery for general surgery and gynaecological procedures. METHODS A search of the MEDLINE, EMBASE, Global Health, AJOL databases and Cochrane Library was performed from inception to January 2021. All randomised (RCTs) and comparative cohort (non-RCTs) studies comparing gasless laparoscopy with open surgery or conventional laparoscopy were included. The primary outcomes were mortality, conversion rates and intraoperative complications. SECONDARY OUTCOMES operative times and length of stay. The inverse variance random-effects model was used to synthesise data. RESULTS 63 studies were included: 41 RCTs and 22 non-RCTs (3,620 patients). No procedure-related deaths were reported in the studies. For gasless vs conventional laparoscopy there was no difference in intraoperative complications for general RR 1.04 [CI 0.45-2.40] or gynaecological surgery RR 0.66 [0.14-3.13]. In the gasless laparoscopy group, the conversion rates for gynaecological surgery were high RR 11.72 [CI 2.26-60.87] when compared to conventional laparoscopy. For gasless vs open surgery, the operative times were longer for gasless surgery in general surgery RCT group MD (mean difference) 10 [CI 0.64, 19.36], but significantly shorter in the gynaecology RCT group MD - 18.74 [CI - 29.23, - 8.26]. For gasless laparoscopy vs open surgery non-RCT, the length of stay was shorter for gasless laparoscopy in general surgery MD - 3.94 [CI - 5.93, - 1.95] and gynaecology MD - 1.75 [CI - 2.64, - 0.86]. Overall GRADE assessment for RCTs and Non-RCTs was very low. CONCLUSION Gasless laparoscopy has advantages for selective general and gynaecological procedures and may have a vital role to play in low resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Aruparayil
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK. .,NIHR Global Health Research Group, Surgical Technologies, Clinical Sciences Building, Level 7, Room 7.19, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK.
| | - W Bolton
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Global Health Research Group, Surgical Technologies, Clinical Sciences Building, Level 7, Room 7.19, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - A Mishra
- Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India
| | - L Bains
- Maulana Azad Medical College, Delhi, India
| | | | - R King
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Global Health Research Group, Surgical Technologies, Clinical Sciences Building, Level 7, Room 7.19, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - T Ensor
- Nuffield Centre for International Health and Development, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Global Health Research Group, Surgical Technologies, Clinical Sciences Building, Level 7, Room 7.19, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - N King
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - D Jayne
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research at St. James's, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Global Health Research Group, Surgical Technologies, Clinical Sciences Building, Level 7, Room 7.19, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
| | - B Shinkins
- Academic Unit of Health Economics, Leeds Institute of Health Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.,NIHR Global Health Research Group, Surgical Technologies, Clinical Sciences Building, Level 7, Room 7.19, Leeds, LS9 7TF, UK
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12
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King N, Elshimy N, Laws P. Maculopapular rash and acute breathlessness in a young man. Clin Exp Dermatol 2020; 46:591-594. [PMID: 33249598 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N King
- Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - N Elshimy
- Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - P Laws
- Department of Dermatology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
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Duffy A, Keown-Stoneman C, Goodday S, Horrocks J, Lowe M, King N, Pickett W, McNevin SH, Cunningham S, Rivera D, Bisdounis L, Bowie CR, Harkness K, Saunders KEA. Predictors of mental health and academic outcomes in first-year university students: Identifying prevention and early-intervention targets. BJPsych Open 2020; 6:e46. [PMID: 32381150 PMCID: PMC7331085 DOI: 10.1192/bjo.2020.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there is growing interest in mental health problems in university students there is limited understanding of the scope of need and determinants to inform intervention efforts. AIMS To longitudinally examine the extent and persistence of mental health symptoms and the importance of psychosocial and lifestyle factors for student mental health and academic outcomes. METHOD Undergraduates at a Canadian university were invited to complete electronic surveys at entry and completion of their first year. The baseline survey measured important distal and proximal risk factors and the follow-up assessed mental health and well-being. Surveys were linked to academic grades. Multivariable models of risk factors and mental health and academic outcomes were fit and adjusted for confounders. RESULTS In 1530 students surveyed at entry to university 28% and 33% screened positive for clinically significant depressive and anxiety symptoms respectively, which increased to 36% and 39% at the completion of first year. Over the academic year, 14% of students reported suicidal thoughts and 1.6% suicide attempts. Moreover, there was persistence and overlap in these mental health outcomes. Modifiable psychosocial and lifestyle factors at entry were associated with positive screens for mental health outcomes at completion of first year, while anxiety and depressive symptoms were associated with lower grades and university well-being. CONCLUSIONS Clinically significant mental health symptoms are common and persistent among first-year university students and have a negative impact on academic performance and well-being. A comprehensive mental health strategy that includes a whole university approach to prevention and targeted early-intervention measures and associated research is justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Duffy
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Student Mental Health, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada; and Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - C Keown-Stoneman
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - S Goodday
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - J Horrocks
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - M Lowe
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - N King
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Canada
| | - W Pickett
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Canada
| | - S H McNevin
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Student Mental Health, Queen's University, Canada
| | - S Cunningham
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Canada
| | - D Rivera
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Student Mental Health, Queen's University, Canada
| | - L Bisdounis
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, UK
| | - C R Bowie
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Canada
| | - K Harkness
- Department of Psychology, Queen's University, Canada
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14
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Gutierrez AP, Symonds J, King N, Steiner K, Bean TP, Houston RD. Potential of genomic selection for improvement of resistance to ostreid herpesvirus in Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas). Anim Genet 2020; 51:249-257. [PMID: 31999002 DOI: 10.1111/age.12909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
In genomic selection (GS), genome-wide SNP markers are used to generate genomic estimated breeding values for selection candidates. The application of GS in shellfish looks promising and has the potential to help in dealing with one of the main issues currently affecting Pacific oyster production worldwide, which is the 'summer mortality syndrome'. This causes periodic mass mortality in farms worldwide and has mainly been attributed to a specific variant of the ostreid herpesvirus (OsHV-1). In the current study, we evaluated the potential of genomic selection for host resistance to OsHV-1 in Pacific oysters, and compared it with pedigree-based approaches. An OsHV-1 disease challenge was performed using an immersion-based virus exposure treatment for oysters for 7 days. A total of 768 samples were genotyped using the medium-density SNP array for oysters. A GWAS was performed for the survival trait using a GBLUP approach in blupf90 software. Heritability ranged from 0.25 ± 0.05 to 0.37 ± 0.05 (mean ± SE) based on pedigree and genomic information respectively. Genomic prediction was more accurate than pedigree prediction, and SNP density reduction had little impact on prediction accuracy until marker densities dropped below approximately 500 SNPs. This demonstrates the potential for GS in Pacific oyster breeding programmes, and importantly, demonstrates that a low number of SNPs might suffice to obtain accurate genomic estimated breeding values, thus potentially making the implementation of GS more cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Gutierrez
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - J Symonds
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - N King
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - K Steiner
- Cawthron Institute, 98 Halifax Street East, Nelson, 7010, New Zealand
| | - T P Bean
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
| | - R D Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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15
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Kijas JW, Gutierrez AP, Houston RD, McWilliam S, Bean TP, Soyano K, Symonds JE, King N, Lind C, Kube P. Assessment of genetic diversity and population structure in cultured Australian Pacific oysters. Anim Genet 2019; 50:686-694. [PMID: 31518019 DOI: 10.1111/age.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The recent development of Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) SNP genotyping arrays has allowed detailed characterisation of genetic diversity and population structure within and between oyster populations. It also raises the potential of harnessing genomic selection for genetic improvement in oyster breeding programmes. The aim of this study was to characterise a breeding population of Australian oysters through genotyping and analysis of 18 027 SNPs, followed by comparison with genotypes of oyster sampled from Europe and Asia. This revealed that the Australian populations had similar population diversity (HE ) to oysters from New Zealand, the British Isles, France and Japan. Population divergence was assessed using PCA of genetic distance and revealed that Australian oysters were distinct from all other populations tested. Australian Pacific oysters originate from planned introductions sourced from three Japanese populations. Approximately 95% of these introductions were from geographically, and potentially genetically, distinct populations from the Nagasaki oysters assessed in this study. Finally, in preparation for the application of genomic selection in oyster breeding programmes, the strength of LD was evaluated and subsets of loci were tested for their ability to accurately infer relationships. Weak LD was observed on average; however, SNP subsets were shown to accurately reconstitute a genomic relationship matrix constructed using all loci. This suggests that low-density SNP panels may have utility in the Australian population tested, and the findings represent an important first step towards the design and implementation of genomic approaches for applied breeding in Pacific oysters.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W Kijas
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - A P Gutierrez
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - R D Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - S McWilliam
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Queensland Bioscience Precinct, Brisbane, Qld, 4067, Australia
| | - T P Bean
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - K Soyano
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, 852-8521, Japan
| | | | - N King
- Cawthron Institute, Nelson, New Zealand
| | - C Lind
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
| | - P Kube
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, Tasmania, 7004, Australia
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16
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King N, Friedman J, Lin E, Traylor J, Wong J, Tsai S, Chaudhari A, Milad M. 102: Systematic review of major vascular injuries (MVI) during gynecologic lapraroscopy for benign indications. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.01.132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Butten K, Johnson NW, Hall KK, Anderson J, Toombs M, King N, O'Grady KF. Risk factors for oral health in young, urban, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children. Aust Dent J 2018; 64:72-81. [PMID: 30375649 PMCID: PMC6392135 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The caries process follows a strong social gradient which can commence in the first years of life. Yet data on young children remain limited. This study reports the potential risk factors and indicators in urban, Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children aged less than 5 and estimates the prevalence of caries. Methods Demographic and risk factor and risk indicator data were collected at baseline in a cohort study of children attending a health clinic in north Brisbane. Dentulous children received a basic oral examination to explore the presence of decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft). Descriptive analyses were performed. A backwards stepwise logistic regression model was performed to identify potential associations with dmft status. Results In this study, 180 children enrolled: 111 children received the oral examination, of whom 14 (12.6%) (mean age 35 months) were estimated to have dmft >0. There was a high prevalence of socio‐economic, dietary and behavioural risk factors/indicators present for children. Due to the small sample size, planned regression was not performed. Conclusions Overall, the prevalence of risk factors and risk indicators for caries in the study population is high. More culturally appropriate resources that support preventive care need to be invested before children are school aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Butten
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - N W Johnson
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland and School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.,Dental Institute, King's College London, London, UK
| | - K K Hall
- Caboolture Community Medical, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Anderson
- Caboolture Community Medical, Caboolture, Queensland, Australia
| | - M Toombs
- Rural Clinical School, The University of Queensland, South Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - N King
- Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, Queensland, Australia
| | - K F O'Grady
- Queensland University of Technology, Institute of Health & Biomedical Innovation, Centre for Children's Health Research, South Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Glaser L, Friedman J, King N, Lin A. Miscarriage Following Different Routes of Fertility-Sparing Treatment of Uterine Fibroids. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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King N, Friedman J, Glaser L, Lin A. Pregnancy Outcomes after Vaginal Trial of Labor Following Myomectomy. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmig.2018.09.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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20
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Ostman C, Jewiss D, King N, Smart NA. Clinical outcomes to exercise training in type 1 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2018; 139:380-391. [PMID: 29223408 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2017.11.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To establish the relationship between exercise training and clinical outcomes in people with type I diabetes. METHODS Studies were identified through a MEDLINE search strategy, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus and Science Citation Index. The search strategy included a mix of key concepts related to trials of exercise training in people with type 1 diabetes; glycaemic control. Searches were limited to prospective randomized or controlled trials of exercise training in humans with type 1 diabetes lasting 12 weeks or more. RESULTS In exercised adults there were significant improvements in body mass Mean Difference (MD): -2.20 kg, 95% Confidence Interval (CI) -3.79-0.61, p = .007; body mass index (BMI) MD: -0.39 kg/m2, 95% CI -0.75-0.02, p = .04; Peak VO2 MD: 4.08 ml/kg/min, 95% CI -2.18-5.98, p < .0001; and, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) MD: -0.21 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.33-0.08, p = .002. In exercised children there were significant improvements in insulin dose MD: -0.23 IU/kg, 95% CI -0.37-0.09, p = .002; waist circumference MD: -5.40 cm, 95% CI -8.45 to -2.35, p = .0005; LDL MD: -0.31 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.06, p = .02; and, triglycerides MD: -0.21 mmol/L, 95% CI -0.42 to -0.01, p = .04. There were no significant changes in glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1C%), fasting blood glucose, resting heart rate, resting systolic blood pressure or high density lipoproteins in either group. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training improves some markers of type 1 diabetes severity; particularly body mass, BMI, Peak VO2 and LDL in adults and insulin dose, waist circumference, LDL and triglycerides in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Ostman
- Schools of Rural Medicine and Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - D Jewiss
- Schools of Rural Medicine and Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - N King
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Plymouth University, Plymouth PL4 8AA, UK
| | - N A Smart
- Schools of Rural Medicine and Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia.
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21
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Reed-Maldonado A, Ruan Y, King N, Tamaddon A, Zhou J, Wang B, Wang H, Wang G, Banie L, Lin G, Lue T. 161 Low Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Activates Endogenous Progenitor/Stem Cells as Indicated by Histone 3 Phosphorylation. J Sex Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsxm.2017.11.119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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22
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Patel P, King N. Examining trainee awareness of dermatoses and dermatological assessments during acute admissions (A quality improvement project). Acute Med 2018; 17:137-143. [PMID: 30129946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Studies demonstrate 67% of elderly patients can have dermatoses, which could result in functional and psychological consequences. Elderly presentations are further complicated by comorbidities and polypharmacy. This combined with limited dermatology training at undergraduate and postgraduate levels creates diagnostic challenges. This project investigated dermatology assessments by trainees using the Trust's acute medical admissions proforma. 100 proforma were reviewed for skin assessments alongside nursing skin care bundles. Subsequently, a skin survey was conducted amongst trainees evaluating knowledge and confidence when diagnosing and managing common dermatoses. Successively, a dermatology teaching series was delivered. Post-intervention the above were reassessed, demonstrating improvements in most areas. The dermatology teaching series will continue alongside a Trust hospital guideline to sustain improvements in dermatological care on admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Patel
- Norfolk and Norwich University Hospital, Colney Lane
| | - N King
- East Surrey Hospital, Canada Avenue, Redhill
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23
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Brooker P, Gomersall S, King N, Leveritt M. Self-paced aerobic exercise performed in the morning versus the evening: Is there a difference in exercise intensity? J Sci Med Sport 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2017.09.327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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24
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Bernardi L, King N, Zhang J, Barnes R, Robins J. Association between age, anti-mullerian hormone and biochemical pregnancy loss. Fertil Steril 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2017.07.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Calasanti T, King N. DOES GENDER GET OLD? Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - N. King
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia
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26
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Corr M, Roulston G, King N, Dornan T, Blease C, Gormley G. Living with ‘melanoma’ … for a day: a phenomenological analysis of medical students’ simulated experiences. Br J Dermatol 2017; 177:771-778. [DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Corr
- Foundation Programme Northern Ireland Deanery Belfast U.K
| | - G. Roulston
- Centre for Medical Education Queen's University Belfast Belfast U.K
| | - N. King
- School of Human and Health Sciences University of Huddersfield Huddersfield U.K
| | - T. Dornan
- Centre for Medical Education Queen's University Belfast Belfast U.K
| | - C. Blease
- School of Philosophy University College Dublin Ireland
- Program in Placebo Studies Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center/Harvard Medical School Boston MA U.S.A
| | - G.J. Gormley
- Centre for Medical Education Queen's University Belfast Belfast U.K
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Bagramian R, Abdullah F, Clarkson J, Cutress T, De Liefde B, Dooland M, Evans W, Hargreaves J, Horowitz H, Ish T, King N, Simmelink J, Skinner M, Woltgens J. Workshop on "Epidemiological indices of enamel defects". Adv Dent Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/08959374890030020101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Smart NA, King N, McFarlane JR, Graham PL, Dieberg G. Effect of exercise training on liver function in adults who are overweight or exhibit fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Sports Med 2016; 52:834-843. [PMID: 27317790 PMCID: PMC6029644 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2016-096197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Exercise training has been shown to have beneficial effects on liver function in adults overweight or with fatty liver disease. To establish which exercise programme characteristics were likely to elicit optimal improvements. DESIGN Systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials. DATA SOURCES PubMed, CINAHL and Cochrane controlled trials registry searched (1966 to 2 October 2015). ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Exercise intervention, with or without dietary intervention, versus usual care in adults undertaking, exercise training, who were overweight, obese or exhibited fatty liver disease (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease or non-alcoholic steatohepatitis). RESULTS We included 21 randomised controlled trials, totalling 1530 participants. Exercise intervention studies with total exercise programme workload >10 000 kcal produced significant improvements in intrahepatic fat, -3.46% (95% CI -5.20% to -1.73%), p<0.0001, I2=73%; effect size (standardised mean difference, SMD) -1.77 (-3.11 to -0.42), p=0.01, I2=77%. When data from only exercise studies were pooled, there was a reduction in fasting free fatty acids (FFAs) -74.15 µmol/L (95% CI -118.47 to -29.84), p=0.001, I2=67% with a large effect size (SMD) -0.94 (-1.36 to -0.52), p<0.0001, I2=0%. When data from only exercise studies were pooled, there was a significant reduction in insulin MD -1.88 UL (95% CI -3.43 to -0.34), p=0.02, I2=31%. The liver enzymes, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, were not significantly altered with exercise. CONCLUSIONS Exercise training reduces intrahepatic fat and FFAs while increasing cardiorespiratory fitness. An aggregate exercise programme energy expenditure (>10 000 kcal) may be required to promote reductions in intrahepatic fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A Smart
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - N King
- School of Biomedical and Healthcare Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, UK
| | - J R McFarlane
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P L Graham
- Department of Statistics, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G Dieberg
- School of Science and Technology, University of New England, Armidale, New South Wales, Australia
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King N. Beneficial effects of exercise: shifting the focus from body weight to other markers of health*. S Afr J SM 2016. [DOI: 10.17159/2413-3108/2010/v22i2a558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise is widely promoted as a method of weight management, while the other health benefits are often ignored. The purpose of this study was to examine whether exercise-induced improvements in health are influenced by changes in body weight. Methods: Fifty-eight sedentary overweight/obese men and women (BMI 31.8 (SD 4.5) kg/m2 ) participated in a 12-week supervised aerobic exercise intervention (70% heart rate max, five times a week, 500 kcal per session). Body composition, anthropometric parameters, aerobic capacity, blood pressure and acute psychological response to exercise were measured at weeks 0 and 12. Results: The mean reduction in body weight was -3.3 (3.63) kg (p<0.01). However, 26 of the 58 participants failed to attain the predicted weight loss estimated from individuals’ exercise-induced energy expenditure. Their mean weight loss was only -0.9 (1.8) kg (p<0.01). Despite attaining a lower-than-predicted weight reduction, these individuals experienced significant increases in aerobic capacity (6.3 (6.0) ml/kg/min; p<0.01), and a decreased systolic (-6.00 (11.5) mmHg; p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.9 (5.8) mmHg; p<0.01), waist circumference (-3.7 (2.7) cm; p<0.01) and resting heart rate (-4.8 (8.9) bpm, p<0.001). In addition, these individuals experienced an acute exercise-induced increase in positive mood. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that significant and meaningful health benefits can be achieved even in the presence
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Nicol P, Anthonappa R, King N, Slack-Smith L, Cirillo G, Cherian S. Caries burden and efficacy of a referral pathway in a cohort of preschool refugee children. Aust Dent J 2015; 60:73-9. [PMID: 25721281 DOI: 10.1111/adj.12269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the early caries experience and the efficacy of a community based dental referral pathway in preschool refugees in Western Australia. METHODS Preschool refugee children referred to the Western Australian paediatric hospital Refugee Health Clinic were prospectively screened for caries by a paediatric dentist before being referred to community dental clinics. Dental forms and medical records were audited to assess decayed, missing and filled teeth (dmft), medical data and dental services engagement. Poisson regression analysis determined the contribution of count variables to the final model. RESULTS Among the 105 screened children (54% male, median age 3.2 years, 41% Burmese), community dental clinic engagement was low (46%, n=48). Of the 62% with caries (n=65/105, mean dmft 5.2, SD 4.1), 45% were recommended for specialist dental services and 48% were treated. After adjustment for age, gender and total number of teeth, caries incidence was significantly associated with BMI-for-age Z score (p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Preschool refugee caries burden was high. The community dental referral pathway was ineffective compared to co-located intersectorial dental screening. Specialist dental service needs are high in this cohort and require a targeted approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Nicol
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Brooks JM, Bravington A, Hardy B, Melvin J, King N. “ IT'S NOT JUST ABOUT THE PATIENT, IT'S THE FAMILIES TOO”: END-OF-LIFE CARE IN THE HOME ENVIRONMENT. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2015. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000838.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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King N, Plana N, Murthy A, Ades V. A quantitative assessment of the contraceptive decision aid Bedsider.org among low-income Spanish-speaking women in New York City. Contraception 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Plana N, King N, Ades V, Murthy A. Qualitative assessment of a contraceptive decision aid, Besider.org, among low-income Spanish-speaking women in New York City. Contraception 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2014.05.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Noble B, King N, Woolmore A, Hughes P, Winslow M, Melvin J, Brooks J, Bravington A, Ingleton C, Bath PA. Can comprehensive specialised end-of-life care be provided at home? Lessons from a study of an innovative consultant-led community service in the UK. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2014; 24:253-66. [PMID: 24735122 PMCID: PMC4359037 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The Midhurst Macmillan Specialist Palliative Care Service (MMSPCS) is a UK, medical consultant-led, multidisciplinary team aiming to provide round-the-clock advice and care, including specialist interventions, in the home, community hospitals and care homes. Of 389 referrals in 2010/11, about 85% were for cancer, from a population of about 155 000. Using a mixed method approach, the evaluation comprised: a retrospective analysis of secondary-care use in the last year of life; financial evaluation of the MMSPCS using an Activity Based Costing approach; qualitative interviews with patients, carers, health and social care staff and MMSPCS staff and volunteers; a postal survey of General Practices; and a postal survey of bereaved caregivers using the MMSPCS. The mean cost is about 3000 GBP (3461 EUR) per patient with mean cost of interventions for cancer patients in the last year of life 1900 GBP (2192 EUR). Post-referral, overall costs to the system are similar for MMSPCS and hospice-led models; however, earlier referral avoided around 20% of total costs in the last year of life. Patients and carers reported positive experiences of support, linked to the flexible way the service worked. Seventy-one per cent of patients died at home. This model may have application elsewhere.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Noble
- Academic Unit of Supportive Care, Department of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Dunsmore-Dawson A, King N, Rodriguez A. CARING FROM HOME TO HOSPICE. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjspcare-2014-000653.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Fay S, White M, Finlayson G, King N. Sensitivity to reward and self control are associated with acute overconsumption. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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King N, Caudwell P, Gibbons C, Finlayson G, Blundell J. Fixed energy expenditure exercise induces similar body weight and appetite responses in males and females. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Horner K, Byrne N, Cleghorn G, King N. Reproducibility of gastric emptying, appetite and energy intake in overweight and obese males. Obes Res Clin Pract 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2012.08.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nicotra A, King N, Catley M, Mendoza N, McGregor A, Strutton P. PTMS 1 Pre-and post-surgical assessment of cervical myelopathy: a transcranial magnetic stimulation study. Clin Neurophysiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(11)60654-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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King N. Beneficial effects of exercise: shifting the focus from body weight to other markers of health*. S Afr j sports med 2010. [DOI: 10.17159/2078-516x/2010/v22i2a558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Exercise is widely promoted as a method of weight management, while the other health benefits are often ignored. The purpose of this study was to examine whether exercise-induced improvements in health are influenced by changes in body weight. Methods: Fifty-eight sedentary overweight/obese men and women (BMI 31.8 (SD 4.5) kg/m2 ) participated in a 12-week supervised aerobic exercise intervention (70% heart rate max, five times a week, 500 kcal per session). Body composition, anthropometric parameters, aerobic capacity, blood pressure and acute psychological response to exercise were measured at weeks 0 and 12. Results: The mean reduction in body weight was -3.3 (3.63) kg (p<0.01). However, 26 of the 58 participants failed to attain the predicted weight loss estimated from individuals’ exercise-induced energy expenditure. Their mean weight loss was only -0.9 (1.8) kg (p<0.01). Despite attaining a lower-than-predicted weight reduction, these individuals experienced significant increases in aerobic capacity (6.3 (6.0) ml/kg/min; p<0.01), and a decreased systolic (-6.00 (11.5) mmHg; p<0.05) and diastolic blood pressure (-3.9 (5.8) mmHg; p<0.01), waist circumference (-3.7 (2.7) cm; p<0.01) and resting heart rate (-4.8 (8.9) bpm, p<0.001). In addition, these individuals experienced an acute exercise-induced increase in positive mood. Conclusions: These data demonstrate that significant and meaningful health benefits can be achieved even in the presence
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Zabel R, Ash S, King N, Naslund E, Bauer J. Gender differences in the effect of fish oil on appetite, inflammation and nutritional status in haemodialysis patients. J Hum Nutr Diet 2010; 23:416-25. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2010.01064.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Zabel R, Ash S, King N, Bauer J. The relationship between subjective appetite sensations, markers of inflammation and appetite in dialysis patients. J Hum Nutr Diet 2009; 22:343-50. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-277x.2009.00968.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Misener VL, Gomez L, Wigg KG, Luca P, King N, Kiss E, Daróczi G, Kapornai K, Tamas Z, Mayer L, Gádoros J, Baji I, Kennedy JL, Kovacs M, Vetró A, Barr CL. Cytokine Genes TNF, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL1RN and IL10, and childhood-onset mood disorders. Neuropsychobiology 2009; 58:71-80. [PMID: 18832862 DOI: 10.1159/000159775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2007] [Accepted: 06/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Inflammatory cytokines induce a behavioral syndrome, known as sickness behavior, that strongly resembles symptoms typically seen in depression. This resemblance has led to the theory that an imbalance of inflammatory cytokine activity may be a contributing factor in depressive disorders. Support for this is found in multiple lines of evidence, such as the effects of cytokines on the activities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, serotonin and brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and hippocampal function, all of which are implicated in the etiology of depression. In addition, associations between inflammatory activity and depressive symptomology have been documented in a number of studies, and the depressogenic effects of cytokine therapy are well known. Accordingly, given that depression has a substantial genetic basis, genes involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokine activity are strong candidates for involvement in genetic susceptibility to depressive disorders. Here, we have tested 6 key genes of this type, TNF, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL1RN and IL10, as candidates for involvement in childhood-onset mood disorders. METHODS In this study of 384 families, each ascertained through a child with depression diagnosed before the age of 15 years, 11 polymorphisms of known or likely functional significance (coding and regulatory variants) were analyzed. RESULTS Testing for biased transmission of alleles from parents to their affected offspring, we found no evidence for an association between childhood-onset mood disorders and any of the polymorphisms, either individually or as haplotypes. CONCLUSION The present study does not support the involvement of the TNF, IL1A, IL1B, IL6, IL1RN and IL10 variants as major genetic risk factors contributing to early-onset mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Misener
- Toronto Western Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Zai CC, Tiwari AK, Basile V, De Luca V, Müller DJ, King N, Voineskos AN, Remington G, Meltzer HY, Lieberman JA, Potkin SG, Kennedy JL. Association study of tardive dyskinesia and five DRD4 polymorphisms in schizophrenia patients. Pharmacogenomics J 2009; 9:168-74. [DOI: 10.1038/tpj.2009.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Curry JM, King N, Murray R, O'Reilly RC. Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Inner Ear. Laryngoscope 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/lary.21541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yearley JH, King N, Liu X, Curran EH, O'Neil SP. Biphasic malignant testicular sex cord-stromal tumor in a cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) with review of the literature. Vet Pathol 2008; 45:922-7. [PMID: 18984797 DOI: 10.1354/vp.45-6-922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
A 20-year old male cotton-top tamarin (Saguinus oedipus) was presented with unilateral enlargement of an intrascrotal testicle. Fine-needle aspiration cytology demonstrated a neoplastic population with Call-Exner-like bodies and features of malignancy. The animal was castrated, and histologic examination revealed a biphasic sex cord-stromal tumor, with one region resembling Sertoli-cell tumor and one region resembling granulosa-cell tumor, with extensive microfollicular pattern and many Call-Exner bodies. Eight months after castration, the animal was euthanized on discovery of a caudal abdominal mass that displaced organs, was highly infiltrative, and extended into the paravertebral musculature with lysis of vertebral bone. Metastases to lymph node and lung were also present. Histologic examination of the abdominal tumor showed multifocal formation of Call-Exner bodies in an otherwise highly dedifferentiated population. Positive immunolabeling for alpha inhibin confirmed the sex cord-stromal origin of the abdominal and paravertebral tumor masses. This case has similarities to malignant testicular granulosa-cell tumor of humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Yearley
- New England Primate Research Center, Harvard Medical School, Southborough, MA 01772, USA.
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Finlayson G, Bryant E, King N, Blundell J. Variability in the acute effect of exercise on appetite, energy intake, liking and wanting for food. Appetite 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Oliver BGG, Lim S, Wark P, Laza-Stanca V, King N, Black JL, Burgess JK, Roth M, Johnston SL. Rhinovirus exposure impairs immune responses to bacterial products in human alveolar macrophages. Thorax 2008; 63:519-25. [PMID: 18245149 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2007.081752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rhinovirus infection is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality as the major cause of exacerbations of asthma, and is also known to induce exacerbations of cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Exacerbations of these diseases are also frequently associated with bacterial and atypical bacterial infection. Alveolar macrophages are the major immune cells in the airways and are important in defence against bacterial infections. METHODS The authors investigated whether rhinovirus modifies cytokine release, the pattern recognition receptor expression and phagocytosis by human alveolar macrophages in response to bacterial products. RESULTS Viable rhinovirus was detected in macrophages up to 3 days after exposure and viral RNA expression persisted for 10 days. Infectious but not UV inactivated rhinovirus increased tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin (IL)8 release by macrophages. In contrast, infectious rhinovirus impaired lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid induced TNFalpha and IL8 secretion by macrophages. Rhinovirus induced impairment of macrophage antibacterial immune responses did not involve IL10, prostaglandin E(2) or downregulation of Toll-like receptor 2. Furthermore, the macrophage phagocytic response to labelled bacterial particles, but not to latex beads, was impaired. CONCLUSION The authors have identified impairment of cytokine responses to bacterial lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid by alveolar macrophages in response to infectious rhinovirus. Virus induced impairment of antibacterial host defence has important implications in the pathogenesis of exacerbations of respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B G G Oliver
- Discipline of Pharmacology, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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