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Sultan SME, Yousef AF, Ali WM, Mohamed AAA, Ahmed ARM, Shalaby ME, Teiba II, Hassan AM, Younes NA, Kotb EF. Cold atmospheric plasma enhances morphological and biochemical attributes of tomato seedlings. BMC Plant Biol 2024; 24:420. [PMID: 38760701 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-024-04961-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a physical technology with notable effects on living organisms. In the present study, tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum var. Bassimo Mill.) were exposed to CAP for various time intervals, ranging from 1 to 5 min, in both continuous and intermittent periods, and were compared with a control group that received no CAP treatment. Seedlings grown from treated seeds exhibited improvements in levels of growth traits, photosynthetic pigments, and metabolite contents when compared to the control group. Seedlings from seeds treated with S04 displayed significant increases in shoot and root lengths, by 32.45% and 20.60% respectively, compared to the control group. Moreover, seedlings from seeds treated with S01 showed a 101.90% increase in total protein, whereas those treated with S02 experienced a 119.52% increase in carbohydrate content. These findings highlight the substantial improvements in growth characteristics, photosynthetic pigments, and metabolite levels in seedlings from treated seeds relative to controls. Total antioxidant capacity was boosted by CAP exposure. The activities of enzymes including superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidases were stimulated by S02 and exceeded control treatment by (177.48%, 137.41%, and 103.32%), respectively. Additionally, exposure to S04 increased the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants like flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and tannins over the control group (38.08%, 30.10%, 117.19%, and 94.44%), respectively. Our results indicate that CAP-seed priming is an innovative and cost-effective approach to enhance the growth, bioactive components, and yield of tomato seedlings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadoun M E Sultan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Fathy Yousef
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Waleed M Ali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Amal A A Mohamed
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan, 81528, Egypt
| | - Abdel-Raddy M Ahmed
- Department of Agronomy (Biochemistry), Faculty of Agriculture, Al-Azhar University (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - Mohamed E Shalaby
- Department of Plant production, Collage of Agriculture (Saba Basha), Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21531, Egypt
| | - Islam I Teiba
- Microbiology, Botany Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
| | - A M Hassan
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Al-Azhar (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71542, Egypt
| | - Nabil A Younes
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture, University of Al-Azhar (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71524, Egypt
| | - E F Kotb
- Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Al-Azhar (Assiut Branch), Assiut, 71542, Egypt.
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2
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Qayum N, Uddin MN, Khan W, Nabi HU, Din TU, Suleman M, Rahman HU, Ali I, Hassan AM, Almeer R, Ullah F. Corrigendum: The outbreak of seasonal goat's brucellosis in the Swat ecosystem of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Onderstepoort J Vet Res 2024; 91:2150. [PMID: 38426745 PMCID: PMC11003763 DOI: 10.4102/ojvr.v91i1.2150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
No abstract available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabilla Qayum
- Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Mingora.
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3
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Shah SSA, Sohail M, Murtza G, Waseem A, Rehman AU, Hussain I, Bashir MS, Alarfaji SS, Hassan AM, Nazir MA, Javed MS, Najam T. Recent trends in wastewater treatment by using metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) and their composites: A critical view-point. Chemosphere 2024; 349:140729. [PMID: 37989439 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Respecting the basic need of clean and safe water on earth for every individual, it is necessary to take auspicious steps for waste-water treatment. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are considered as promising material because of their intrinsic features including the porosity and high surface area. Further, structural tunability of MOFs by following the principles of reticular chemistry, the MOFs can be functionalized for the high adsorption performance as well as adsorptive removal of target materials. However, there are still some major concerns associated with MOFs limiting their commercialization as promising adsorbents for waste-water treatment. The cost, toxicity and regenerability are the major issues to be addressed for MOFs to get insightful results. In this article, we have concise the current strategies to enhance the adsorption capacity of MOFs during the water-treatment for the removal of toxic dyes, pharmaceuticals, and heavy metals. Further, we have also discussed the role of metallic nodes, linkers and associated functional groups for effective removal of toxic water pollutants. In addition to conformist overview, we have critically analyzed the MOFs as adsorbents in terms of toxicity, cost and regenerability. These factors are utmost important to address before commercialization of MOFs as adsorbents for water-treatment. Finally, some future perspectives are discussed to give directions for potential research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Manzar Sohail
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Murtza
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Amir Waseem
- Department of Chemistry, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Muhammad Sohail Bashir
- Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Key Laboratory of Structure and Functional Regulation of Hybrid Materials of Ministry of Education, Anhui University, Hefei, Anhui, 230601, China
| | - Saleh S Alarfaji
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Altaf Nazir
- Institute of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China.
| | - Tayyaba Najam
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, Guangdong, China.
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4
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Imran M, Basit MA, Yasmin S, Khan SA, Elagan SK, Akgül A, Hassan AM. A proceeding to numerical study of mathematical model of bioconvective Maxwell nanofluid flow through a porous stretching surface with nield/convective boundary constraints. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1873. [PMID: 38253571 PMCID: PMC10803293 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48364-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanofluids become significant in the mass and heat transfer models, especially in engineering problems. Current proceedings focused on the bioconvective Maxwell nanofluid flow passing through the permeable stretchable sheet contingent to nield boundary conditions involving effects of activation energy and thermal radiation. Various physical quantities are involved in this mechanism like magnetic field, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion. The main objective of the study is to report the heat and mass transport in the existence of motile microorganisms. In a mathematical perspective, this structured physical model is going to govern with the help of partial differential equations (PDEs). These governing PDEs are then converted into dimensionless ordinary differential equations form by utilizing appropriate similarity transformations. For numerical results, the shooting technique with 'bvp4c' built-in package of MATLAB was implemented. Computed results are then visualized graphically and discussed effects of involving physical variables on the nano-fluid flow profiles are comprehensively. From results, it has been concluded that the fluid flow velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism density profiles show escalation on increasing the numeric values of porosity, thermophoresis, buoyancy ratio, bioconvection Rayleigh, Peclet number parameters and decrement reported due to increasing the counts of Prandtl number, magnetic field, radiation, Brownian motion, Lewis number as evident from figures. The numerical outcomes observed by fixing the physical parameters as [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text]. Magnetic field and Brownian motion create retardation impact due to the liquid momentum. In tables, the numerical values of Skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and microorganisms density number are presented and also comparison table of our computed results and already published results is included for the validation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Imran
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Abdul Basit
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Sumeira Yasmin
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shan Ali Khan
- Department of Mathematics, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - S K Elagan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, King Aziz University, P.O. Box 99011, 21955, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Akgül
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Mathematics, Art and Science Faculty, Siirt University, 56100, Siirt, Turkey
- Department of Mathematics, Mathematics Research Center, Near East University, Near East Boulevard, 99138, Nicosia, Turkey
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Engineering, Future University, New Cairo, Egypt.
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Hassan AM, Hassan AEW, Elbarbary ZMS, Al-Gahtani SF, Omar AI, Metwally ME. MPPT control of a solar pumping system based five-phase impedance source inverter fed induction motor. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0295365. [PMID: 38236827 PMCID: PMC10796005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0295365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This paper presents a control method for a system composed of a photovoltaic (PV) array, five-phase impedance source inverter, five-phase induction motor and centrifugal pump. This method is based on controlling the motor speed to control the pump power as the insolation level or temperature change to attain the maximum power extraction from the PV-array. The motor speed is controlled by using artificial neural network (ANN) which is trained to provide the desired inverter frequency and modulation index at any insolation level and temperature to attain the maximum PV operating power. The data of the neural network are based on the operation of the induction motor at constant air gap flux and perturb and observe method for maximum power point tracking. Simulation results are obtained using MATLAB Simulink to verify the proposed control method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Hassan
- Faculty of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Department, Benha University, Banha, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Higher Institute of Engineering, El-Shorouk Academy, El-Shorouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Abd El-Wahab Hassan
- Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Higher Institute of Engineering, El-Shorouk Academy, El-Shorouk City, Cairo, Egypt
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Z. M. S. Elbarbary
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad F. Al-Gahtani
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed I. Omar
- Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Higher Institute of Engineering, El-Shorouk Academy, El-Shorouk City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Eladly Metwally
- Department of Electrical Power and Machines Engineering, Higher Institute of Engineering, El-Shorouk Academy, El-Shorouk City, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Kafrawy SA, Alsayed SM, Faizo AA, Bajrai LH, Uthman NA, Alsaeed MS, Hassan AM, Alquthami KM, Alandijany TA, Zumla A, Azhar EI. Genetic diversity and molecular analysis of human influenza virus among pilgrims during Hajj. Heliyon 2024; 10:e23027. [PMID: 38163192 PMCID: PMC10755270 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of transmission of respiratory tract infections is considerably enhanced at mass gathering (MG) religious events. Hajj is an annual Islamic MG event with approximately 3 million Muslim pilgrims from over 180 countries concentrated in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of influenza viruses circulating among pilgrims during the Hajj pilgrimage. We performed a cross-sectional analytical study where nasopharyngeal swabs (NPs) from pilgrims with respiratory tract illnesses presenting to healthcare facilities during the 2019 Hajj were screened for influenza viruses. Influenza A subtypes and influenza B lineages were determined by multiplex RT-PCR for positive influenza samples. The phylogenetic analysis was carried out for the hemagglutination (HA) gene. Out of 185 nasopharyngeal samples, 54 were positive for the human influenza virus. Of these, 27 were influenza A H1N1 and 19 H3N2, 4 were untypable influenza A, and 4 were influenza B. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the H1N1 and H3N2 strains differentiated into different and independent genetic groups and formed close clusters with selected strains of influenza viruses from various locations. To conclude, this study demonstrates a high genetic diversity of circulating influenza A subtypes among pilgrims during the Hajj Season. There is a need for further larger studies to investigate in-depth the genetic characteristics of influenza viruses and other respiratory viruses during Hajj seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M. Alsayed
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A. Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H. Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A. Uthman
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Moneerah S. Alsaeed
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London Royal Free Campus, London WC1E 6DE, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Mateen A, Suneetha M, Ahmad Shah SS, Usman M, Ahmad T, Hussain I, Khan S, Assiri MA, Hassan AM, Javed MS, Han SS, Althomali RH, Rahman MM. 2D MXenes Nanosheets for Advanced Energy Conversion and Storage Devices: Recent Advances and Future Prospects. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300235. [PMID: 37753795 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Since the initial MXenes were discovered in 2011, several MXene compositions constructed using combinations of various transition metals have been developed. MXenes are ideal candidates for different applications in energy conversion and storage, because of their unique and interesting characteristics, which included good electrical conductivity, hydrophilicity, and simplicity of large-scale synthesis. Herein, we study the current developments in two-dimensional (2D) MXene nanosheets for energy storage and conversion technologies. First, we discuss the introduction to energy storage and conversion devices. Later, we emphasized on 2D MXenes and some specific properties of MXenes. Subsequently, research advances in MXene-based electrode materials for energy storage such as supercapacitors and rechargeable batteries is summarized. We provide the relevant energy storage processes, common challenges, and potential approaches to an acceptable solution for 2D MXene-based energy storage. In addition, recent advances for MXenes used in energy conversion devices like solar cells, fuel cells and catalysis is also summarized. Finally, the future prospective of growing MXene-based energy conversion and storage are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Mateen
- Department of Physics and Beijing Key Laboratory of Energy Conversion and Storage Materials, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Maduru Suneetha
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Syed Shoaib Ahmad Shah
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Physics Department, Kaunas University of Technology, 50 Studentų St., 51368, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Tauqeer Ahmad
- Department of Physics Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua dr. Roberto Frias, Porto, 4200-465, Portugal
| | - Iftikhar Hussain
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Shaukat Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, 211, Sultanate of, Oman
| | - Mohammed A Assiri
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Sufyan Javed
- School of Physical Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Sung Soo Han
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea
| | - Raed H Althomali
- Department of Chemistry, College of Art and Science, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Al-Dawasir, 11991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Rahman
- Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials Research (CEAMR) & Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Al-numaani SA, Al-Nemari AT, El-Kafrawy SA, Hassan AM, Tolah AM, Alghanmi M, Zawawi A, Masri BE, Hindawi SI, Alandijany TA, Bajrai LH, Bukhari A, Mahmoud AB, Al Salem WS, Algaissi A, Charrel RN, Azhar EI, Hashem AM. Seroprevalence of Toscana and sandfly fever Sicilian viruses in humans and livestock animals from western Saudi Arabia. One Health 2023; 17:100601. [PMID: 37520847 PMCID: PMC10372353 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2023.100601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
High seroprevalence rates of several phleboviruses have been reported in domestic animals and humans in sandfly-infested regions. Sandfly Fever Sicilian virus (SFSV) and Toscana virus (TOSV) are two of these viruses commonly transmitted by Phlebotomus sandflies. While SFSV can cause rapidly resolving mild febrile illness, TOSV could involve the central nervous system (CNS), causing diseases ranging from aseptic meningitis to meningoencephalitis. Sandfly-associated phleboviruses have not been investigated before in Saudi Arabia and are potential causes of infection given the prevalence of sandflies in the country. Here, we investigated the seroprevalence of SFSV and TOSV in the western region of Saudi Arabia in samples collected from blood donors, livestock animals, and animal handlers. An overall seroprevalence of 9.4% and 0.8% was found in humans for SFSV and TOSV, respectively. Seropositivity was significantly higher in non-Saudis compared to Saudis and increased significantly with age especially for SFSV. The highest seropositivity rate was among samples collected from animal handlers. Specifically, in blood donors, 6.4% and 0.7% tested positive for SFSV and TOSV nAbs, respectively. Animal handlers showed higher seroprevalence rates of 16% and 1% for anti-SFSV and anti-TOSV nAbs, respectively, suggesting that contact with livestock animals could be a risk factor. Indeed, sera from livestock animals showed seropositivity of 53.3% and 4.4% in cows, 27.5% and 7.8% in sheep, 2.2% and 0.0% in goats, and 10.0% and 2.3% in camels for SFSV and TOSV, respectively. Together, these results suggest that both SFSV and TOSV are circulating in the western region of Saudi Arabia in humans and livestock animals, albeit at different rates, and that age and contact with livestock animals could represent risk factors for infection with these viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Ayman Al-numaani
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit- BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Talat Al-Nemari
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Special Infectious Agents Unit- BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit- BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit- BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit- BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maimonah Alghanmi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayat Zawawi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr Essa Masri
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa I. Hindawi
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit- BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H. Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit- BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Bukhari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunwarah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Waleed S. Al Salem
- Department of Agriculture, Ministry of Environment, Water and Agriculture, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Algaissi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Emerging and Epidemic Infectious Diseases Research Unit, Medical Research Center, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Remi N. Charrel
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix Marseille Univ, IRD 190, INSERM 1207, IHU Méditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit- BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Palanichamy P, Krishnasamy R, Meenakshi Sundaram U, Thiagamani SMK, Ilyas R, Hassan AM. A practical green synthesis method of Ag NPs using rosy periwinkle plant leaves for solar panel coating. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22893. [PMID: 38125411 PMCID: PMC10730744 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Coated silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) are currently receiving interest because of their numerous uses in various fields of electronics, antimicrobials, manufacturing sectors, optical science, and pharmaceuticals. Among others, it gained significant attention in the power electronic system. The goal of the proposed study is to use a cost-effective coating material for solar panels; to accomplish this, silver nanoparticles were synthesized from the leaves of the Rosy Periwinkle plants. Green synthesis and characterization, such as Ultraviolet Visible Spectrometer (UV-Vis) analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDX), and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), were carried out after the silver nanoparticles have been collected prior coating. As a consequence, the effectiveness is determined based on the conductivity test, and the resulting Ag NPs are then applied to the c-si layer of the solar panel. Additionally, a modelling and experimental analysis are performed in this study to ascertain the suggested framework's ability to measure energy before and after coating panels with Ag NPs. Specifically, the Voltage Current (VI) and Power Voltage (PV) characteristics were validated in this study for analyzing the effectiveness and the obtained results revealed that the coating of green synthesized Ag NPs generated 2 % more power than the reference solar panel under the same conditions. Further, hardware testing and simulation were both used to confirm the outcomes and effectiveness of the suggested method. The open circuit voltage (Voc), short circuit current (Isc), maximum peak voltage (Vmp), maximum peak current (Imp), and efficiency are taken into account when assessing how well the suggested system performs at tracking. Moreover, the current density characteristics were evaluated with respect to various irradiation conditions for both the typical solar as well as Ag NPs coated panels. From the observation, it is noted that the efficiency level of coated panel was improved up to 19.20 %, 18 %, and 17.20 % for the irradiations of 200 W/m2, 500 W/m2, and 1000 W/m2 respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Palanichamy
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research & Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnan Koil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Rajesh Krishnasamy
- Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research & Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnan Koil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Senthil Muthu Kumar Thiagamani
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kalasalingam Academy of Research & Education, Anand Nagar, Krishnan Koil 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, INTI International University, Persiaran Perdana BBN, Putra Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
| | - R.A Ilyas
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Institute of Tropical Forest and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Centre of Excellence for Biomass Utilization, Universiti Malaysia Perlis, 02600, Arau, Perlis, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
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Elhussiny KT, Hassan AM, Habssa AA, Mokhtar A. Prediction of water distribution uniformity of sprinkler irrigation system based on machine learning algorithms. Sci Rep 2023; 13:20885. [PMID: 38017247 PMCID: PMC10684584 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The coefficients of uniformity Christiansen's uniformity coefficient (CU) and distribution uniformity (DU) are an important parameter for designing irrigation systems, and are an accurate measure for water lose. In this study, three machine learning algorithms Random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGB) and random forest-extreme gradient boosting (XGB-RF) were developed to predict the water distribution uniformity based on operating pressure, heights of sprinkler, discharge, nozzle diameter, wind speed, humidity, highest and lowest temperature for three different impact sprinklers (KA-4, FOX and 2520) for square and triangular system layout based on four scenarios (input combinations). The main findings were; the highest CU value was 86.7% in the square system of 2520 sprinkler under 200 kPa, 0.5 m height and 0.855 m3/h (Nozzle 2.5 mm). Meanwhile, in the triangular system, it was 87.3% under the same pressure and discharge and 1 m height. For applied machine learning, the highest values of R2 were 0.796, 0.825 and 0.929 in RF, XGB and XGB-RF respectively in the first scenario for CU. Moreover, for the DU, the highest values of R2 were 0.701, 0.479 and 0.826 in RF, XGB and XGB-RF respectively in the first scenario. The obtained results revealed that the sprinkler height had the lowest impact on modeling of the water distribution uniformity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadiga T Elhussiny
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abu Habssa
- Department of Mechanical Power, Mataria Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Helwan, Egypt
| | - Ali Mokhtar
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt.
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Mumtaz S, Abbas Y, Ahmad I, Hassan A, Saeed MF, Yun S, Almarhoon ZM, Shelkh M, Hassan AM, Rosaiah P, Suneetha M, Ahmad A. Sugarcane-bagasse-ash in enhanced mesophilic Co-digestion for biogas and nutrient recovery: A concept of developing rural circular bioeconomy. Environ Res 2023; 237:116691. [PMID: 37574097 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Conductive agro-industrial wastes as accelerants in the anaerobic digestion (AD) of organic waste is a good technique for developing a rural circular economy, such as producing bioenergy and biofertilizer. This study disclosed the a role of sugar cane bagasse ash (SCBA) in enhancing the bioenergy (biogas) yield and digestate fertility via anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) of buffalo dung (BD) and vegetable residue (VR) under mesophilic conditions (37 ᴼC). Firstly, an optimal BD/VR ratio (1:3) was determined based on biogas yield by introducing five different BD/VR ratios (1:0, 3:1, 1:1, 1:3, and 0:1) into AcoD systems. Secondly, the biogas yield was increased further by adding SCBA at five different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2 wt%). Experimental results disclosed that the 1.5 wt% of SCBA gave the highest cumulative biogas yield (153.67 mL/g VS), COD removal rate (31.18%), and fertility (5.08%). Moreover, a framework is suggested to understand the role of SCBA in the enhanced DIET mechanism. This work documents an environmentally friendly and economical technique for developing a rural circular bioeconomy via the AD of organic agro-waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahid Mumtaz
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Abbas
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, China
| | - Iftikhar Ahmad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan.
| | - Ahmed Hassan
- Department of Architectural Engineering, College of Engineering, UAE University, United Arab Emirates
| | - Muhammad Farhan Saeed
- Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, Punjab, 61100, Pakistan
| | - Sining Yun
- Functional Materials Laboratory (FML), School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710055, China
| | - Zainab M Almarhoon
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed Shelkh
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - P Rosaiah
- Department of Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, 602 105, India
| | - Maduru Suneetha
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, 38541, South Korea.
| | - Awais Ahmad
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Cordoba, Spain
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Hayat M, Zhou Y, Ullah Shah MZ, Sana Ullah M, Hanif MB, Hou H, Arif U, Khan S, Hassan AM, Tighezza AM, Sajjad M, Vadla R. Exploring the electrochemical properties of CuSe-decorated NiSe 2 nanocubes for battery-supercapacitor hybrid devices. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139720. [PMID: 37567270 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenides, a promising class of electrode materials, attracted massive popularity owing to their exciting features of high conductive nature, high capacity, rich redox activities, and structural functionalities, making them the first choice for the electrochemical energy domain. This paper reported a new NiSe2-CuSe nanocomposite prepared via a wet-chemical synthesis followed by a low-cost and simple hydrothermal reaction. The physical characterization showed cubes and nanoparticles type morphological features of NiSe2 and CuSe products, while their composite reveals a combined morphological characteristic. The electrochemical properties were tested in an aqueous solution, demonstrating that the NiSe2-CuSe nanocomposite exhibits a high capacity of 376 C g-1, low resistance, good reversibility and rate capability in a three-electrode mode than bulk counterparts. For practical aspects, a battery-hybrid supercapacitor (BHSC) is developed with NiSe2-CuSe nanocomposite, and activated carbon (AC) serves as cathode and anode in two-cell mode operation. The built NiSe2-CuSe||AC/KOH BHSC expanded the voltage to 1.8 V and delivered the highest capacitance of 148 F g-1 and 55 F g-1 from 1 to 10 A g-1, suppressing most of the previously existing literature reports. Also, our built NiSe2-CuSe||AC/KOH BHSC displayed a high-power delivery of 8928 W kg-1 at a maximum energy density of 66.6 W h kg-1 and retained 91.7% capacitance after a long way of 10,000 cycles. These outstanding results demonstrate that metal selenides can be effectively utilized as alternative electrodes with high energy, rate performance, and long-term durability for advanced energy conversion and storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mudassir Hayat
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China
| | - Yuxue Zhou
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Institute of Optoelectronics Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225002, China.
| | - Muhammad Zia Ullah Shah
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Muhammad Sana Ullah
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Muhammad Bilal Hanif
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University Bratislava, 842 15, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Hongying Hou
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650093, China
| | - Umar Arif
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, P.R. China
| | - Shaukat Khan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Dhofar University, Salalah, 211, Sultanate of Oman
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Ammar M Tighezza
- Department of Chemistry, P. O. Box 2455, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sajjad
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, 321004, PR China.
| | - Raghavender Vadla
- Department of Aeronautical Engineering, Institute of Aeronautical Engineering, Hyderabad, India.
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Hayat AU, Ullah I, Khan H, Alam MM, Hassan AM, Khan H. Numerical analysis of radiative hybrid nanomaterials flow across a permeable curved surface with inertial and Joule heating characteristics. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21452. [PMID: 38027741 PMCID: PMC10651448 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The water-based Cu and CoFe2O4 hybrid nano liquid flow across a permeable curved sheet under the consequences of inertial and Lorentz forces has been reported in this analysis. The Joule heating and Darcy Forchheimer effects on fluid flow have been also examined. In the presence of copper (Cu) and cobalt iron oxide (CoFe2O4) nanoparticles, the hybrid nano liquid is synthesized. Radiation and heat source features are additionally incorporated to perform thermodynamics analysis in detail. The second law of thermodynamics is employed in order to estimate the overall generation of entropy. The nonlinear system of PDEs (partial differential equations) is transformed into a dimensionally-free set of ODEs (ordinary differential equations) by employing a similarity framework. The Mathematica built in package ND Solve method is applied to compute the resulting set of nonlinear differential equations numerically. Along with the velocity, and temperature profiles, skin friction and Nusselt number are also computed. Figures and tables illustrate the effects of flow factors on important profiles. Evidently, the outcomes reveal that hybrid nanofluid (Cu + CoFe2O4+H2O) is more progressive than nanofluid (Cu + H2O) and base fluid (H2O) in thermal phenomena. Furthermore, the velocity profile is improved with the greater values of curvature parameter, while the inverse trend is observed against the magnetic parameters. Also, the velocity and energy distribution of hybrid nano-liquid flow boosts with the inclusion of Cu and CoFe2O4 nanoparticles into the base fluid. Velocity distribution diminishes with the increment of volume friction. For high values of inertial factor, skin friction improve while velocity and Nusselt number declines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Ullah Hayat
- Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Ikram Ullah
- Department of Natural Sciences and Humanities, University of Engineering and Technology, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Hassan Khan
- Department of Mathematics, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
- Department of Mathematics, Near East University TRNC, 99138, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Mohammad Mahtab Alam
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Applied Medical Science, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - Hamda Khan
- Department of Sciences & Humanities, National University of Computer and Emerging Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Alqahtani AM, Rafique K, Mahmood Z, Al-Sinan BR, Khan U, Hassan AM. MHD rotating flow over a stretching surface: The role of viscosity and aggregation of nanoparticles. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21107. [PMID: 37928015 PMCID: PMC10623290 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) rotating flow that occurs across a stretching surface has numerous practical applications in a variety of domains. These fields include astronomy, engineering, the material sciences, and space exploration. The combined examination of magnetohydrodynamics rotating flow across a stretching surface, taking into consideration fluctuating viscosity and nanoparticle aggregation, has significant ramifications across several different domains. It is essential for both the growth of technology and the attainment of deeper insights into the complicated fluid dynamics to maintain research in this field. Given the aforementioned motivation, the principal aim of this study is to examine the effects of variable viscosity on the bidirectional rotating magnetohydrodynamic flow over a stretching surface. Aggregation effects on nanoparticles are used in the analysis. Titania ( T i O 2 ) is taken nanoparticle and ethylene glycol as base fluid. The nonlinear ordinary differential equations and the boundary conditions that correspond to them can be transformed into a dimensionless form by using a technique called similarity transformation. To get a numerical solution to the transformed equation, the Runge-Kutta 4th order (RK-4) method is utilized, and this is done in conjunction with the shooting method. The impact of various leading variables on dimensionless velocity, the coefficients of temperature, skin friction and local Nusselt number are graphically represented. Velocity profiles in both direction increases with increasing values of φ . The Nusselt number increases with increasing values of the radiation and temperature ratio parameters. When a 1 % volume fraction of nanoparticles is introduced, the Nusselt number exhibits a 0.174 % increase for the aggregation model compared to the regular fluid in the absence of radiation effects. When the aggregation model is used with a 1 % volume fraction of nanoparticles, the skin friction increases by 0.1153 % in the x direction and by 0.1165 % in the y direction compared to the regular fluid. Tables show the variation in Nusselt numbers, as well as a comparison of the effects of nanoparticle's aggregation model without and with radiation. Moreover, the numerical results obtained were compared with previously published data, demonstrating a satisfactory agreement. We firmly believe that this finding will have extensive implications for engineering and various industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha M. Alqahtani
- Department of mathematical sciences, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P. O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khadija Rafique
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Zafar Mahmood
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Bushra R. Al-Sinan
- Department of Administrative and Financial Sciences, Nairiyah College, University of Hafr Al-Batin, Hafr Al-Batin 31991, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umar Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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Mahmood Z, El-Rahman MA, Khan U, Hassan AM, Khalifa HAEW. Entropy generation due to nanofluid flow in porous media over radiative permeable exponentially surface with nanoparticle aggregation effect. Tribology International 2023; 188:108852. [DOI: 10.1016/j.triboint.2023.108852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Yaseen M, Rawat SK, Khan U, Sarris IE, Khan H, Negi AS, Khan A, Sherif ESM, Hassan AM, Zaib A. Numerical analysis of magnetohydrodynamics in an Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid flow on wall jet heat and mass transfer. Nanotechnology 2023; 34. [PMID: 37625394 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/acf3f6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The customization of hybrid nanofluids to achieve a particular and controlled growth rate of thermal transport is done to meet the needs of applications in heating and cooling systems, aerospace and automotive industries, etc. Due to the extensive applications, the aim of the current paper is to derive a numerical solution to a wall jet flow problem through a stretching surface. To study the flow problem, authors have considered a non-Newtonian Eyring-Powell hybrid nanofluid with water and CoFe2O4and TiO2nanoparticles. Furthermore, the impact of a magnetic field and irregular heat sink/source are studied. To comply with the applications of the wall jet flow, the authors have presented the numerical solution for two cases; with and without a magnetic field. The numerical solution is derived with a similarity transformation and MATLAB-based bvp4c solver. The value of skin friction for wall jet flow at the surface decreases by more than 50% when the magnetic fieldMA=0.2is present. The stream function value is higher for the wall jet flow without the magnetic field. The temperature of the flow rises with the dominant strength of the heat source parameters. The results of this investigation will be beneficial to various applications that utilize the applications of a wall jet, such as in car defrosters, spray paint drying for vehicles or houses, cooling structures for the CPU of high-processor laptops, sluice gate flows, and cooling jets over turbo-machinery components, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moh Yaseen
- Department of Mathematics, Chandigarh University, Chandigarh 140 413, India
| | - Sawan Kumar Rawat
- Department of Mathematics, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248 002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Umair Khan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
- Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - Ioannis E Sarris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of West Attica, 12244 Athens, Greece
| | - Humera Khan
- Department of Mathematics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Anup Singh Negi
- Department of Mathematics, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun Campus, Dehradun 248 002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Mathematics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - El-Sayed M Sherif
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Saud University, PO Box 800, Al-Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
| | - Aurang Zaib
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science & Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Karachi-75300, Pakistan
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Nagaraja KV, Khan U, Madhukesh JK, Hassan AM, Prasannakumara BC, Ben Kahla N, Elattar S, Singh Chohan J. Heat and mass transfer analysis of assisting and opposing radiative flow conveying ternary hybrid nanofluid over an exponentially stretching surface. Sci Rep 2023; 13:14795. [PMID: 37684341 PMCID: PMC10491622 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41916-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Access to dependable and environmentally friendly energy sources is critical to a country's economic growth and long-term development. As countries seek greener energy alternatives, the interaction of environmental elements, temperature, and sunlight becomes more critical in utilizing renewable energy sources such as wind and bioenergy. Solar power has received much attention due to extraordinary efficiency advances. under this context, the present work focus on solar radiation and chemical processes in the presence of modified ternary hybrid nanofluids (THNFs) circulating over an exponentially stretched surface in both aiding flow (A-F) and opposing flow (O-F) circumstances. The primary objective of this investigation is to dive into the complicated dynamics of these structures, which are distinguished by complex interactions involving radiation, chemical reactions, and the movement of fluids. We construct reduced ordinary differential equations from the governing equations using suitable similarity transformations, which allows for a more in-depth examination of the liquid's behavior. Numerical simulations using the Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF) approach and shooting techniques are used to understand the underlying difficulties of these reduced equations. The results show that thermal radiation improves heat transmission substantially under O-F circumstances in contrast to A-F conditions. Furthermore, the reaction rate parameter has an exciting connection with concentration levels, with greater rates corresponding to lower concentrations. Furthermore, compared to the O-F scenario, the A-F scenario promotes higher heat transfer in the context of a modified nanofluid. Rising reaction rate and solid fraction volume enhanced mass transfer rate. The rate of thermal distribution in THNFs improves from 0.13 to 20.4% in A-F and 0.16 to 15.06% in O-F case when compared to HNFs. This study has real-world implications in several fields, including developing more efficient solar water heaters, solar thermal generating plants, and energy-saving air conditioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Nagaraja
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, 560035, India
| | - Umair Khan
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Computer Science and Mathematics, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon
- Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, 65200, Sindh, Pakistan
| | - J K Madhukesh
- Department of Mathematics, Amrita School of Engineering, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Bengaluru, 560035, India.
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Mechanical Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
| | - B C Prasannakumara
- Department of Studies in Mathematics, Davangere University, Davangere, 577002, India
| | - Nabil Ben Kahla
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Samia Elattar
- Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jasgurpreet Singh Chohan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and University Centre for Research & Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India
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Alsirhani A, Mujib Alshahrani M, Hassan AM, Taloba AI, Abd El-Aziz RM, Samak AH. Implementation of African vulture optimization algorithm based on deep learning for cybersecurity intrusion detection. Alexandria Engineering Journal 2023; 79:105-115. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aej.2023.07.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Iftikhar B, Alih SC, Vafaei M, Javed MF, Rehman MF, Abdullaev SS, Tamam N, Khan MI, Hassan AM. Predicting compressive strength of eco-friendly plastic sand paver blocks using gene expression and artificial intelligence programming. Sci Rep 2023; 13:12149. [PMID: 37500697 PMCID: PMC10374568 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-39349-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plastic sand paver blocks provide a sustainable alternative by using plastic waste and reducing the need for cement. This innovative approach leads to a more sustainable construction sector by promoting environmental preservation. No model or Equation has been devised that can predict the compressive strength of these blocks. This study utilized gene expression programming (GEP) and multi-expression programming (MEP) to develop empirical models to forecast the compressive strength of plastic sand paver blocks (PSPB) comprised of plastic, sand, and fibre in an effort to advance the field. The database contains 135 results for compressive strength with seven input parameters. The R2 values of 0.87 for GEP and 0.91 for MEP for compressive strength reveal a relatively significant relationship between predicted and actual values. MEP outperformed GEP by displaying a higher R2 and lower values for statistical evaluations. In addition, a sensitivity analysis was conducted, which revealed that the sand grain size and percentage of fibres play an essential part in compressive strength. It was estimated that they contributed almost 50% of the total. The outcomes of this research have the potential to promote the reuse of PSPB in the building of green environments, hence boosting environmental protection and economic advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bawar Iftikhar
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Sophia C Alih
- Institute of Noise and Vibration, School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Mohammadreza Vafaei
- School of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Faisal Javed
- Department of Civil Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, 22060, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Faisal Rehman
- Department of Architecture, University of Engineering and Technology Peshawar, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Sherzod Shukhratovich Abdullaev
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, New Uzbekistan University, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Science and Innovation, Tashkent State Pedagogical University Named after Nizami, Bunyodkor Street 27, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Nissren Tamam
- Department of Physics, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, 11671, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Ijaz Khan
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Riphah International University, I-14, Islamabad, 44000, Pakistan.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Kraytem, Beirut, 1102-2801, Lebanon.
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Center of Research, Faculty of Engineering, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, 11835, Egypt
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20
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Yassin I, Mosaad MA, Hassan AM, Abdelghani M. Fix and pull technique for retrieval of intracoronary unexpanded-stent entrapment. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv 2023. [PMID: 37369982 DOI: 10.1002/ccd.30756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
During left main (LM) bifurcation PCI using T and small protrusion (TAP) technique, after deployment of LM-left anterior descending (LAD) stent, left circumflex (LCx) stent was entangled at LM ostium with balloon and wire slippage. Ping-pong (dual) guide catheters were used to simultaneously fix the LM-LAD stent and snare the trapped stent. This technique proved effective in retrieving the lost stent and minimizing LM stent deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Yassin
- Department of Cardiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Cardiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Abdelghani
- Department of Cardiology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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21
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Sartaj Sohrab S, Aly El-Kafrawy S, Mirza Z, Hassan AM, Alsaqaf F, Ibraheem Azhar E. Delivery of siRNAs against MERS-CoV in Vero and HEK-293 cells: A comparative evaluation of transfection reagents. J King Saud Univ Sci 2023; 35:102540. [PMID: 36624781 PMCID: PMC9814285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jksus.2023.102540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Background A new coronavirus was identified in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 2012 and designated as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). To date, this virus has been reported in 27 countries. The virus transmission to humans has already been reported from camels. Currently, there is no vaccine or antiviral therapy available against this virus. Methods The siRNAs were in silico predicted, designed, and chemically synthesized by using the MERS-CoV-orf1ab region as a target. The antiviral activity was experimentally evaluated by delivering the siRNAs with Lipofectamine™ 2000 and JetPRIMER as transfection reagents in both Vero cell and HEK-293-T cell lines at two different concentrations (10.0 nM and 5.0 nM). The Ct value of quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) was used to calculate and determine the reduction of viral RNA level in both cell supernatant and cell lysate isolated from both cell lines. Results The sequence alignment resulted in the selection of highly conserved regions. The orf1ab region was used to predict and design the siRNAs and a total of twenty-one siRNAs were finally selected from four hundred and twenty-six siRNAs generated by online software. Inhibition of viral replication and significant reduction of viral RNA was observed against selected siRNAs in both cell lines at both concentrations. Based on the Ct value, the siRNAs # 11, 12, 18, and 20 were observed to be the best performing in both cell lines at both concentrations. Conclusion Based on the results and data analysis, it is concluded that the use of two different transfection reagents was significantly effective. But the Lipofectamine™ 2000 was found to be a better transfection reagent than the JetPRIMER for the delivery of siRNAs in both cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Aly El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Alsaqaf
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Yasir M, Al-Sharif HA, Al-Subhi T, Sindi AA, Bokhary DH, El-Daly MM, Alosaimi B, Hamed ME, Karim AM, Hassan AM, AlShawdari MM, Alawi M, El-Kafrawy SA, Azhar EI. Analysis of the nasopharyngeal microbiome and respiratory pathogens in COVID-19 patients from Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:680-688. [PMID: 36934642 PMCID: PMC9984237 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infection with SARS-CoV-2 may perturb normal microbiota, leading to secondary infections that can complicate the viral disease. The aim of this study was to probe the alteration of nasopharyngeal (NP) microbiota in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection and obesity and to identify other respiratory pathogens among COVID-19 cases that may affect patients' health. METHODS A total of 107 NP swabs, including 22 from control subjects and 85 from COVID-19 patients, were processed for 6S amplicon sequencing. The respiratory pathogens causing secondary infections were identified by RT-PCR assay, using a kit that contained specific primers and probes combinations to amplify 33 known respiratory pathogens. RESULTS No significant (p > 0.05) difference was observed in the alpha and beta diversity analysis, but specific taxa differed significantly between the control and COVID-19 patient groups. Genera of Sphingomonas, Kurthia, Microbacterium, Methylobacterium, Brevibacillus, Bacillus, Acinetobacter, Lactococcus, and Haemophilus was significantly abundant (p < 0.05) in COVID-19 patients compared with a healthy control group. Staphylococcus was found in relatively high abundance (35.7 %) in the COVID-19 patient groups, mainly those treated with antibiotics. A relatively high percentage of Streptococcus was detected in COVID-19 patient groups with obesity or other comorbidities. Respiratory pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Salmonella species, along with Pneumocystis jirovecii fungal species were detected by RT-PCR mainly in the COVID-19 patients. Klebsiella pneumoniae was commonly found in most of the samples from the control and COVID-19 patients. Four COVID-19 patients had viral coinfections with human adenovirus, human rhinovirus, enterovirus, and human parainfluenza virus 1. CONCLUSIONS Overall, no substantial difference was observed in the predominant NP bacterial community, but specific taxa were significantly changed between the healthy control and COVID-19 patients. Comparatively, an increased number of respiratory pathogens were identified in COVID-19 patients, and NP colonization by K. pneumoniae was probably occurring in the local population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hessa A Al-Sharif
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tagreed Al-Subhi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anees A Sindi
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Pulmonary & Critical Care Consultant, International Medical Center, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Diyaa H Bokhary
- Emergency Medicine Department, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bandar Alosaimi
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maaweya E Hamed
- Research Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asad Mustafa Karim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, the Republic of Korea
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa M AlShawdari
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha Alawi
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Infection Control & Environmental Health Unit, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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23
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Alzahrani MM, Bamashmous S, Alkharobi H, Alghamdi A, Alharbi RH, Hassan AM, Darwish M, Bukhari A, Mahmoud AB, Alfaleh MA, Mirza AA, Abuzenadah AM, Abujamel TS, Hashem AM. Mouth rinses efficacy on salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load: A randomized clinical trial. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28412. [PMID: 36527332 PMCID: PMC9878137 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Considering the global trend to confine the COVID-19 pandemic by applying various preventive health measures, preprocedural mouth rinsing has been proposed to mitigate the transmission risk of SARS-CoV-2 in dental clinics. The study aimed to investigate the effect of different mouth rinses on salivary viral load in COVID-19 patients. This study was a single-center, randomized, double-blind, six-parallel-group, placebo-controlled clinical trial that investigated the effect of four mouth rinses (1% povidone-iodine, 1.5% hydrogen peroxide, 0.075% cetylpyridinium chloride, and 80 ppm hypochlorous acid) on salivary SARS-CoV-2 viral load relative to the distilled water and no-rinse control groups. The viral load was measured by quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) at baseline and 5, 30, and 60 min post rinsing. The viral load pattern within each mouth rinse group showed a reduction overtime; however, this reduction was only statistically significant in the hydrogen peroxide group. Further, a significant reduction in the viral load was observed between povidone-iodine, hydrogen peroxide, and cetylpyridinium chloride compared to the no-rinse group at 60 min, indicating their late antiviral potential. Interestingly, a similar statistically significant reduction was also observed in the distilled water control group compared to the no-rinse group at 60 min, proposing mechanical washing of the viral particles through the rinsing procedure. Therefore, results suggest using preprocedural mouth rinses, particularly hydrogen peroxide, as a risk-mitigation step before dental procedures, along with strict adherence to other infection control measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar M. Alzahrani
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, Faculty of DentistryKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Shatha Bamashmous
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of DentistryKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Hanaa Alkharobi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of DentistryKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | | | - Rahaf H. Alharbi
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Manar Darwish
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Bukhari
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of MedicineImam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic UniversityRiyadhSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Bakur Mahmoud
- College of Applied Medical SciencesTaibah UniversityAlmadinah AlmunwarahSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Alfaleh
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of PharmacyKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed A. Mirza
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Adel M. Abuzenadah
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Turki S. Abujamel
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Anwar M. Hashem
- Vaccines and Immunotherapy Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
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24
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El-Kafrawy SA, Odle A, Abbas AT, Hassan AM, Abdel-dayem UA, Qureshi AK, Wong LYR, Zheng J, Meyerholz DK, Perlman S, Zumla A, Azhar EI. SARS-CoV-2-specific immunoglobulin Y antibodies are protective in infected mice. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010782. [PMID: 36121829 PMCID: PMC9484655 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Safe, passive immunization methods are required against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and its variants. Immunization of chickens with antigen is known to induce specific IgY antibodies concentrated in the egg yolk and has a good safety profile, high yield of IgY per egg, can be topically applied, not requiring parenteral delivery. Our data provide the first evidence of the prophylactic efficacy of Immunoglobulin Y antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in mice. Lohmann hens were injected with recombinant SARS-CoV-2 RBD protein; IgY-Abs were extracted from the eggs and characterized using SDS-PAGE. Antiviral activity was evaluated using plaque reduction neutralization tests. In additional experiments, IgY-RBD efficacy was examined in mice sensitized to SARS-CoV-2 infection by transduction with Ad5-hACE2 (mild disease) or by using mouse-adapted virus (severe disease). In both cases, prophylactic intranasal administration of IgY-Abs reduced SARS-CoV-2 replication, and reduced morbidity, inflammatory cell infiltration, hemorrhage, and edema in the lungs and increased survival compared to control groups that received non-specific IgY-Abs. These results indicate that further evaluation of IgY-RBD antibodies in humans is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abby Odle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Aymn T. Abbas
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Gastroenterology, Surgery Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
- * E-mail: (ATA); (EIA)
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Umama A. Abdel-dayem
- Animal Facility Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arooj K. Qureshi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lok-Yin Roy Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - David K. Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail: (ATA); (EIA)
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25
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Faizo AA, Qashqari FS, El‐Kafrawy SA, Barasheed O, Almashjary MN, Alfelali M, Bawazir AA, Albarakati BM, Khayyat SA, Hassan AM, Alandijany TA, Azhar EI. A potential association between obesity and reduced effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccine-induced neutralizing humoral immunity. J Med Virol 2022; 95:e28130. [PMID: 36068377 PMCID: PMC9539352 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Due to the adverse effects of obesity on host immunity, this study investigated the effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines (BNT162b2, ChAdOx-nCov-2019, and mRNA-1273) in inducing anti-SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) neutralizing antibodies among individuals with various obesity classes (class I, II, III, and super obesity). Sera from vaccinated obese individuals (n = 73) and normal BMI controls (n = 46) were subjected to S-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and serum-neutralization test (SNT) to determine the prevalence and titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies. Nucleocapsid-ELISA was also utilized to distinguish between immunity acquired via vaccination only versus vaccination plus recovery from infection. Data were linked to participant demographics including age, gender, past COVID-19 diagnosis, and COVID-19 vaccination profile. S-based ELISA demonstrated high seroprevalence rates (>97%) in the study and control groups whether samples with evidence of past infection were included or excluded. Interestingly, however, SNT demonstrated a slightly significant reduction in both the rate and titer of anti-SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies among vaccinated obese individuals (60/73; 82.19%) compared to controls (45/46; 97.83%). The observed reduction in COVID-19 vaccine-induced neutralizing humoral immunity among obese individuals occurs independently of gender, recovery from past infection, and period from last vaccination. Our data suggest that COVID-19 vaccines are highly effective in inducing protective humoral immunity. This effectiveness, however, is potentially reduced among obese individuals which highlight the importance of booster doses to improve their neutralizing immunity. Further investigations on larger sample size remain necessary to comprehensively conclude about the effect of obesity on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness on humoral immunity induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A. Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Fadi S. Qashqari
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Microbiology, College of MedicineUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A. El‐Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Osamah Barasheed
- Department of Research and InnovationKing Abdullah Medical CityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Majed N. Almashjary
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Hematology Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Alfelali
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversityRabighSaudi Arabia
| | - Asma A. Bawazir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Boshra M. Albarakati
- Department of Microbiology, College of MedicineUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Soud A. Khayyat
- Department of Microbiology, College of MedicineUmm Al‐Qura UniversityMakkahSaudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research CenterKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz UniversityJeddahSaudi Arabia
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26
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Raouf YA, Wadsworth J, Bin‐Tarif A, Gray AR, Habiela M, Almutalb AA, Yousif H, Ragab M, Alfouz W, Ahmed NH, Ibrahim I, Hassan AM, Tibbo M, Almajali AM, van Maanen C, Lyons NA, King DP, Knowles NJ. Genotyping of foot-and-mouth disease viruses collected in Sudan between 2009 and 2018. Transbound Emerg Dis 2022; 69:e1393-e1406. [PMID: 35150073 PMCID: PMC9790298 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.14472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is widely distributed in Sudan where outbreaks occur on an annual basis especially during the winter months (December-February). This study aimed to increase our understanding of the epidemiological patterns of FMD in Sudan and connections to neighbouring countries by characterizing the genetic sequences of FMD viruses (FMDV) collected from samples collected in 10 Sudanese states over a 10-year period (between 2009 and 2018). FMDV was detected in 91 of the 265 samples using an antigen-detection ELISA. Three serotypes were detected: O (46.2%), A (34.0%), and SAT 2 (19.8%). Fifty-two of these samples were submitted for sequence analyses, generating sequences that were characterized as belonging to O/EA-3 (n = 17), A/AFRICA/G-IV (n = 23) and SAT 2/VII/Alx-12 (n = 12) viral lineages. Phylogenetic analyses provided evidence that FMDV lineages were maintained within Sudan, and also highlighted epidemiological connections to FMD outbreaks reported in neighbouring countries in East and North Africa (such as Ethiopia and Egypt). This study motivates continued FMD surveillance in Sudan to monitor the circulating viral lineages and broader initiatives to improve our understanding of the epidemiological risks in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed A. Raouf
- Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease DepartmentCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Al AmaratKhartoumSudan
| | - Jemma Wadsworth
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)The Pirbright Institute, WokingSurreyUK
| | - Abdelghani Bin‐Tarif
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)The Pirbright Institute, WokingSurreyUK
| | - Ashley R. Gray
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)The Pirbright Institute, WokingSurreyUK
| | - Mohammed Habiela
- Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease DepartmentCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Al AmaratKhartoumSudan
| | - Ameera A. Almutalb
- Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease DepartmentCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Al AmaratKhartoumSudan
| | - Hanan Yousif
- Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease DepartmentCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Al AmaratKhartoumSudan
| | - Maysa Ragab
- Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease DepartmentCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Al AmaratKhartoumSudan
| | - Wefag Alfouz
- Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease DepartmentCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Al AmaratKhartoumSudan
| | - Nussiba H. Ahmed
- Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease DepartmentCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Al AmaratKhartoumSudan
| | - Inas Ibrahim
- Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease DepartmentCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Al AmaratKhartoumSudan
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Foot‐and‐Mouth‐Disease DepartmentCentral Veterinary Research Laboratory (CVRL), Soba, Al AmaratKhartoumSudan
| | - Markos Tibbo
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)Subregional Office for the Gulf Cooperation Council States and YemenAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates
| | - Ahmad M. Almajali
- Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)Subregional Office for the Gulf Cooperation Council States and YemenAbu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates,Faculty of Veterinary MedicineDepartment of Veterinary Clinical SciencesJordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbidJordan
| | - Cornelis van Maanen
- The European Commission for the Control of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease (EuFMD)Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)RomeItaly
| | - Nicholas A. Lyons
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)The Pirbright Institute, WokingSurreyUK,The European Commission for the Control of Foot‐and‐Mouth Disease (EuFMD)Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO)RomeItaly
| | - Donald P. King
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)The Pirbright Institute, WokingSurreyUK
| | - Nick J. Knowles
- FAO World Reference Laboratory for FMD (WRLFMD)The Pirbright Institute, WokingSurreyUK
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Salman AA, Salman MA, Aon MH, Mahdy RE, Abdallah A, Shemy GG, Hassan AM, Amin FAS, Labib S. Impact of Weight Loss on the Severity of Albuminuria in Obese Diabetic Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy and One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass. Int J Gen Med 2022; 15:6405-6413. [PMID: 35957758 PMCID: PMC9359793 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s365113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim To examine the effect of weight-loss induced bariatric procedures on albuminuria levels among diabetic patients suffering from obesity. Methods Adults patients who suffer from morbid obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) were included in a prospective cohort study. Subjects were scheduled to undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) or one-anastomosis gastric bypass (OAGB). The albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR) was adopted to assess the degree of albuminuria. Microalbuminuria was determined as a ratio of >2.5-30 mg/mmol and >3.5-30 mg/mmol for males and females, respectively, while macroalbuminuria was diagnosed when the ACR exceeded >30 mg/mmol. Results The mean uACR decreased significantly from 20.95±16.89 to 9.92±12.69mg/mmol in LSG cohort (p <0.001), and from 19.52±16.65 to 9.34±11.77mg/mmol in the OAGB cohort, with no statistically considerable differences between both cohorts at the end of follow-up (p = 0.78). Twelve months after the procedures, the percentages of cases with microalbuminuria decreased significantly to 23.8% and 23.9%, respectively (p < 0.001); likewise, the percentages of cases with macroalbuminuria significantly decreased to 7.9% and 7.5% in the LSG and OAGB groups, respectively (p < 0.001). There were no statistically considerable differences between LSG and OAGB regarding the percentages of patients with micro or macroalbuminuria at the end of follow-up. Besides, there were no significant associations between the degree of weight loss and improvement (p = 0.959) or remission (p = 0.73) of microalbuminuria. Conclusion Bariatric surgery significantly reduced the severity of albuminuria 1-year after the procedure, with no preference for one procedure over the other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Mohamed H Aon
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reem Ezzat Mahdy
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdallah
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Gamal Galal Shemy
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- General Surgery Department, Faculty of Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Safa Labib
- Internal Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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28
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Hashim A, Mohammed NA, Othman A, Gab-Allah MAK, Al-Kahodary AHM, Gaber ER, Hassan AM, Aranda M, Hussien R, Mokhtar A, Islam MS, Lee KY, Asghar MS, Tahir MJ, Yousaf Z. Pattern of novel psychoactive substance use among patients presented to the poison control centre of Ain Shams University Hospitals, Egypt: A cross-sectional study. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10084. [PMID: 36039128 PMCID: PMC9418213 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Novel psychoactive substances (NPSs) are relatively new substances in the illicit drug market, not previously listed in the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNDOC). Strox and Voodoo are considered some of the most popular blends of NPS in the Egyptian drug market. Objectives The current study was conducted to assess NPS's use pattern: Voodoo and Strox among acutely intoxicated patients presented to the poison control center of Ain Shams University Hospitals (PCC- ASUH). Methods A single center based cross-sectional study was carried out in the PCC-ASUH among acutely intoxicated patients presenting to the emergency department (ED) over four months (from January–April 2019. using a previously adopted and validated Fahmy and El-Sherbini socioeconomic scale (SES). Data were presented as mean, median and range as appropriate. Both smoking and crowding indexes were calculated and presented as previously reported. Results Fifty-one patients were presented to the ED of PCC-ASUH during the study period. A total of 96.1% (n = 49) were males. The mean age was 25 ± 7.5 years. The most common NPS used was Strox: 54.9% (n = 28), followed by Voodoo: 27.4% (n = 14). Neurological and gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms were the most frequent presentations. The most common motive behind NPS use was the desire to give a trial of new psychoactive substances. The mean SES score was 35.1 ± 13.17. Most patients have the preparatory as the highest education 36.0% (n = 18). Conclusions NPS use is common among young males in preparatory education from different social classes, starting it most commonly as a means to experiencing a new high. Neurological and GI manifestations are the most common presenting symptoms of NPS intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Hashim
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nouran A Mohammed
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - AlFadl Othman
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohab A K Gab-Allah
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H M Al-Kahodary
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Eslam R Gaber
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Aranda
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rania Hussien
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amany Mokhtar
- Department of Community, Environmental and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- Department of Public Health and Informatics, Jahangirnagar University, Savar, Dhaka, 1342, Bangladesh.,Centre for Advanced Research, Excellence in Public Health, Savar, Dhaka-1342, Bangladesh
| | - Ka Yiu Lee
- Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden
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29
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Hassan MA, Hozien ST, Abdel Wahab MM, Hassan AM. Risk assessment of glyphosate and malathion pollution and their potential impact on Oreochromis niloticus: role of organic selenium supplementation. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9992. [PMID: 35705587 PMCID: PMC9200714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-13216-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A field survey was conducted on five fish farms to trace glyphosate and malathion pollution with some physicochemical parameters. A precise half-life time, LC50-96h, of these agrochemicals on Oreochromis niloticus, as well as chronic exposure with organic selenium (OS) supplementation, were experimentally investigated. Oreochromis niloticus was subjected to the following: (negative control); (2 mg L-1 glyphosate); (0.5 mg L-1 malathion); (glyphosate 1.6 mg L-1 and 0.3 mg L-1 malathion); (glyphosate 2 mg L-1 and OS 0.8 g kg-1 diet); (malathion 0.5 mg L-1 and OS 0.8 g kg-1 diet) and (glyphosate 1.6 mg L-1; malathion 0.3 mg L-1 and OS 0.8 g kg-1 diet). Furthermore, data from the analyzed pond revealed a medium risk quotient (RQ) for both agrochemicals. The detected agrochemicals were related to their application, and vegetation type surrounding the farms, also their biodegradation was correlated to water pH, temperature, and salinity. Glyphosate and malathion had half-lives of 2.8 and 2.3 days and LC50-96h of 2.331 and 0.738 mg L-1, respectively. The severest nervous symptoms; increased oxidative stress markers, as well as high bacterial count in the livers and kidneys of fish challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila, were observed in the combined exposure, followed by a single exposure to malathion and then glyphosate. Organic selenium mitigated these impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Hassan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Samaa T Hozien
- Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behavior, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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30
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Alshukairi AN, Al-Omari A, Albeity A, Alandijany TA, Hassan AM, El-Kafrawy SA, Dada A, Al Hroub MK, El-Saed A, Bissar LS, Daghmush RM, Al-Ghamdi SMG, Perlman S, Azhar EI, Halabi H. COVID-19 breakthrough infections in rheumatic diseases patients after vaccination. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:685-688. [PMID: 35623243 PMCID: PMC9098803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatic diseases patients receiving Rituximab had severe COVID-19 disease. Although they had impaired humoral immune responses following COVID-19 vaccine, they had preserved cellular immune responses. Waning of COVID-19 antibody responses was observed within six months post vaccination among immunocompromised patients. Recent reports showed fatal outcome of breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infections among vaccinated high-risk rheumatic diseases patients receiving Rituximab. SAR-CoV-2 serological tests were not performed. OBJECTIVE Evaluation of COVID-19 vaccine humoral responses and breakthrough infections among low risk fully vaccinated rheumatic patients during the Delta Variant Era. METHODS A case series of 19 fully vaccinated patients with rheumatic diseases were followed to determine post vaccine SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody titers and to monitor the development of breakthrough infections up to eight months post vaccine at our tertiary care center in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia from 1st April until 30th November 2021. RESULTS The mean age of patients was 49 years old. 10% of patients were receiving Rituximab. 73% of patients had positive SARS-CoV-2 serological testing post second vaccine. Two mild breakthrough COVID-19 infections were diagnosed six months post second dose of vaccine. Patients were less than 65 years, did not receive Rituximab, did not have interstitial lung diseases and had positive post vaccine serological testing. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated high SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies seroprevalence and self-limiting breakthrough infections in low risk rheumatic diseases patients during the Delta Era. Future studies are needed to study the outcome of rheumatic diseases patients in the Era of Omicron in view of viral immune escape responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer N Alshukairi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Awad Al-Omari
- College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Critical Care, Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdurahman Albeity
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit - BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit - BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit - BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dada
- College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al Hroub
- Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman El-Saed
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Lina S Bissar
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Volunteer Faculty, Irvine School of Medicine, University of California, California, USA
| | - Radwan M Daghmush
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed M G Al-Ghamdi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit - BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hussein Halabi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alshukairi AN, Al-Omari A, Al-Tawfiq JA, El-Kafrawy SA, El-Daly MM, Hassan AM, Faizo AA, Alandijany TA, Dada A, Saeedi MF, Alhamlan FS, Al Hroub MK, Qushmaq I, Azhar EI. Active viral shedding in a vaccinated hospitalized patient infected with the delta variant (B.1.617.2) of SARS-CoV-2 and challenges of de-isolation. J Infect Public Health 2022; 15:628-630. [PMID: 35576779 PMCID: PMC9047479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the era of SARS-CoV-2 variants and COVID-19 vaccination, the duration of infectious viral shedding and isolation in post vaccine breakthrough infections is challenging and depends on disease severity. The current study described a case of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant pneumonia requiring hospitalization. The patient received two doses of BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccines, and he had positive SARS-CoV-2 viral cultures 12 days post symptom onset. The time between the second dose of vaccine and the breakthrough infection was 6 months. While immunosuppression is a known risk factor for prolonged infectious viral shedding, age and time between vaccination and breakthrough infection are important risk factors that warrant further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer N Alshukairi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Awad Al-Omari
- College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Critical Care, Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dada
- College of Medicine, AlFaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Saeedi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatma S Alhamlan
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad K Al Hroub
- Department of Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismael Qushmaq
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
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El-Kafrawy SA, Alsayed SM, Alandijany TA, Bajrai LH, Faizo AA, Al-Sharif HA, Hassan AM, Alquthami KM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Zumla A, Azhar EI. High genetic diversity of human rhinovirus among pilgrims with acute respiratory tract infections during the 2019 Hajj pilgrimage season. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 121:130-137. [PMID: 35577249 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) due to human rhinoviruses (HRVs) are common in pilgrims during the annual Hajj pilgrimage. The objective of this study was to investigate the genetic diversity of HRV among pilgrims with respiratory symptoms during Hajj 2019. METHODS HRV infection was detected using multiplex real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Cycle sequencing was performed on positive samples and the sequences were subjected to phylogenetic analysis. RESULTS A total of 19 HRV-positive respiratory samples were sequenced. All three serotypes of HRV were identified: HRV-A (13; 68.42%) was more common than HRV-B (2; 10.53%) and HRV-C (4; 21.05%). HRV-A species were found to be of genotypes A101, A21, A30, A57, A23, A60, and A11. HRV-B species belonged to genotypes B4 and B84, and HRV-C species were of genotypes C15, C3, and C56. CONCLUSION Sequencing studies of respiratory tract viruses in pilgrims are important. We provide preliminary evidence of high diversity of HRV genotypes circulating in pilgrims in a restricted area during Hajj. This requires further clinical and sequencing studies of viral pathogens in larger cohorts of overseas and local pilgrims.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salma M Alsayed
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Al-Qunfudah Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 28821, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Nursing, Faculty of Al-Qunfudah Health Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, 28821, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arwa A Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hessa A Al-Sharif
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid M Alquthami
- Al-Noor Specialist Hospital, Ministry of Health, Makkah, 24241, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London Royal Free Campus, London, WC1E 6DE, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, W1T 7DN, UK
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit BSL-3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Hassan MA, Hozien ST, Abdel Wahab MM, Hassan AM. Ameliorative effect of selenium yeast supplementation on the physio-pathological impacts of chronic exposure to glyphosate and or malathion in Oreochromis niloticus. BMC Vet Res 2022; 18:159. [PMID: 35501865 PMCID: PMC9063350 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-022-03261-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pesticide exposure is thought to be a major contributor to living organism health deterioration, as evidenced by its impact on both cultured fish species and human health. Commercial fish diets are typically deficient in selenium (Se); hence, supplementation may be necessary to meet requirements during stress. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the protective role of selenium yeast (SY) supplementation for 60 days against the deleterious effects of glyphosate and or malathion chronic toxicity at sublethal concentrations in Oreochromis niloticus . METHODS Two hundred and ten fish were divided into seven groups (n = 30/group) as follows: G1 (negative control); G2 (2 mg L- 1 glyphosate); G3 (0.5 mg L- 1 malathion); G4 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L- 1 and malathion 0.3 mg L- 1); G5 (glyphosate 2 mg L- 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg- 1); G6 (malathion 0.5 mg L- 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg- 1); and G7 (glyphosate 1.6 mg L- 1; malathion 0.3 mg L- 1 and SY 3.3 mg kg- 1). RESULTS Results revealed significant alteration in growth performance parameters including feed intake (FI), body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER). G4 has the highest documented cumulative mortalities (40%), followed by G3 (30%). Additionally, the greatest impact was documented in G4, followed by G3 and then G2 as severe anemia with significant thrombocytopenia; leukocytosis; hypoproteinemia; increased Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), urea, and creatinine, as well as malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). Considering the previously mentioned parameters, selenium yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) (3.3 mg kg- 1 available selenium) mitigated the negative impact of both the agrochemicals, whether exposed singly or in combination, in addition to their antioxidative action. CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our study found that organophosphorus agrochemicals, single or combined, had negative impacts on Oreochromis niloticus regarding growth performance, biochemical and hematological changes in the serum, as well as induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney tissues. Supplementation of SY at the rate of 3.3 mg kg- 1 diet (2.36 mg kg- 1 selenomethionine and 0.94 mg organic selenium) ameliorated the fish performance and health status adversely affected by organophosphorus agrochemical intoxication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa A Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behaviour, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt.
| | - Samaa T Hozien
- Animal Health Research Institute, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
| | | | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Animal Hygiene, Zoonoses and Behaviour, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, 41522, Egypt
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El-Kafrawy SA, Hassan AM, El-Daly MM, Al-Hajri M, Farag E, Elnour FA, Khan A, Tolah AM, Alandijany TA, Othman NA, Memish ZA, Corman VM, Drosten C, Zumla A, Azhar EI. Genetic diversity of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in imported and domestic camels in Saudi Arabia. Sci Rep 2022; 12:7005. [PMID: 35487943 PMCID: PMC9054814 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-11208-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Camels gained attention since the discovery of MERS-CoV as intermediary hosts for potentially epidemic zoonotic viruses. DcHEV is a novel zoonotic pathogen associated with camel contact. This study aimed to genetically characterize DcHEV in domestic and imported camels in Saudi Arabia. DcHEV was detected by RT-PCR in serum samples, PCR-positive samples were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic analyses. DcHEV was detected in 1.77% of samples with higher positivity in domestic DCs. All positive imported dromedaries were from Sudan with age declining prevalence. Domestic DcHEV sequences clustered with sequences from Kenya, Somalia, and UAE while imported sequences clustered with one DcHEV isolate from UAE and both sequences clustered away from isolates reported from Pakistan. Full-genome sequences showed 24 amino acid difference with reference sequences. Our results confirm the detection of DcHEV in domestic and imported DCs. Further investigations are needed in human and camel populations to identify DcHEV potential zoonosis threat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai M El-Daly
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Anas Khan
- The Global Centre for Mass Gatherings Medicine, Public Health Directorate, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Rabigh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Noura A Othman
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Victor M Corman
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Department of Infection, Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London, London, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Hospitals, London, UK
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. .,Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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35
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Engelmann SA, Zhou A, Hassan AM, Williamson MR, Jarrett JW, Perillo EP, Tomar A, Spence DJ, Jones TA, Dunn AK. Diamond Raman laser and Yb fiber amplifier for in vivo multiphoton fluorescence microscopy. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:1888-1898. [PMID: 35519268 PMCID: PMC9045921 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Here we introduce a fiber amplifier and a diamond Raman laser that output high powers (6.5 W, 1.3 W) at valuable wavelengths (1060 nm, 1250 nm) for two-photon excitation of red-shifted fluorophores. These custom excitation sources are both simple to construct and cost-efficient in comparison to similar custom and commercial alternatives. Furthermore, they operate at a repetition rate (80 MHz) that allows fast image acquisition using resonant scanners. With our system we demonstrate compatibility with fast resonant scanning, the ability to acquire neuronal images, and the capability to image vasculature at deep locations (>1 mm) within the mouse cerebral cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun A. Engelmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Annie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Michael R. Williamson
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Jarrett
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Evan P. Perillo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alankrit Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - David J. Spence
- MQ Photonics, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Theresa A. Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas at Austin, 2415 Speedway, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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Abstract
Traditional molecular techniques for SARS-CoV-2 viral detection are time-consuming and can exhibit a high probability of false negatives. In this work, we present a computational study of SARS-CoV-2 detection using plasmonic gold nanoparticles. The resonance wavelength of a SARS-CoV-2 virus was recently estimated to be in the near-infrared region. By engineering gold nanospheres to specifically bind with the outer surface of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, the resonance frequency can be shifted to the visible range (380 nm - 700 nm). Moreover, we show that broadband absorption will emerge in the visible spectrum when the virus is partially covered with gold nanoparticles at a specific coverage percentage. This broadband absorption can be used to guide the development of an efficient and accurate colorimetric plasmon sensor for COVID-19 detection. Our observation also suggests that this technique is unaffected by the number of protein spikes present on the virus outer surface, hence can pave a potential path for a label-free COVID-19 diagnostic tool independent of the number of protein spikes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somen Baidya
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Department of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering, University of Missouri–Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
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37
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Zhou A, Engelmann SA, Mihelic SA, Tomar A, Hassan AM, Dunn AK. Evaluation of resonant scanning as a high-speed imaging technique for two-photon imaging of cortical vasculature. Biomed Opt Express 2022; 13:1374-1385. [PMID: 35414984 PMCID: PMC8973172 DOI: 10.1364/boe.448473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2022] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a simple, low-cost two-photon microscope design with both galvo-galvo and resonant-galvo scanning capabilities. We quantify and compare the signal-to-noise ratios and imaging speeds of the galvo-galvo and resonant-galvo scanning modes when used for murine neurovascular imaging. The two scanning modes perform as expected under shot-noise limited detection and are found to achieve comparable signal-to-noise ratios. Resonant-galvo scanning is capable of reaching desired signal-to-noise ratios using less acquisition time when higher excitation power can be used. Given equal excitation power and total pixel dwell time between the two methods, galvo-galvo scanning outperforms resonant-galvo scanning in image quality when detection deviates from being shot-noise limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Zhou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shaun A. Engelmann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Samuel A. Mihelic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alankrit Tomar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Andrew K. Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, 107 W. Dean Keeton C0800, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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38
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Madani TA, Abuelzein ETME, Hussien HS, Bashri MA, Hassan AM, Azhar EI. Monitoring of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Activity in a Secluded Herd of Camels Kept Under Field Conditions. Vector Borne Zoonotic Dis 2021; 21:994-1002. [PMID: 34958265 DOI: 10.1089/vbz.2021.0020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Camel-to-human transmission of the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was confirmed as a cause of primary infection in humans. There is a dearth of information regarding the behavior of the virus in camels and the mode of spread among them under natural conditions. The aim of this study was to monitor exposure of camels to the MERS-CoV under field conditions. Methods: From January 1 to November 30, 2015, a secluded herd of 20 pregnant female camels and their neonate calves was established. Nasal and rectal swabs were collected from calves daily for 90 days after birth, then weekly until the end of the study. Nasal and rectal samples were collected from the dams at outset and then weekly until the end of the study. The samples were tested with rtRT-PCR to detect the MERS-CoV RNA. Results: All purchased pregnant camels were MERS-CoV RNA negative at outset. Nineteen dams and 15 calves completed the study. Seven (46.7%) of the 15 calves developed a rise in rectal temperature (39-40°C), shivering, rhinitis, anorexia, and general weakness at a mean ± standard deviation of 18.9 ± 4.9 days of age and their MERS-CoV RNA test was positive on the first day of illness. Three of the seven infected calves died 14 ± 9.1 days postonset of illness at age 17, 14, and 46 days, respectively. The remaining four infected calves fully recovered and they were MERS-CoV RNA positive for 17.5 ± 8.8 days. Four (21.1%) of the 19 dams had positive tests; three dams had no clinical signs, whereas the fourth dam exhibited signs not compatible with MERS-CoV infection and died three days after the positive test, 33 days after parturition. All MERS-CoV infections occurred within 22 days. Conclusions: This study has expanded our understanding of the MERS-CoV epidemiology among camels, which is an important step forward to device effective preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Madani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - El-Tayb M E Abuelzein
- Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hashem S Hussien
- Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad A Bashri
- Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Scientific Chair of Sheikh Mohammad Hussein Alamoudi for Viral Hemorrhagic Fever, King Fahad Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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39
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Mihelic SA, Sikora WA, Hassan AM, Williamson MR, Jones TA, Dunn AK. Segmentation-Less, Automated, Vascular Vectorization. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009451. [PMID: 34624013 PMCID: PMC8528315 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in two-photon fluorescence microscopy (2PM) have allowed large scale imaging and analysis of blood vessel networks in living mice. However, extracting network graphs and vector representations for the dense capillary bed remains a bottleneck in many applications. Vascular vectorization is algorithmically difficult because blood vessels have many shapes and sizes, the samples are often unevenly illuminated, and large image volumes are required to achieve good statistical power. State-of-the-art, three-dimensional, vascular vectorization approaches often require a segmented (binary) image, relying on manual or supervised-machine annotation. Therefore, voxel-by-voxel image segmentation is biased by the human annotator or trainer. Furthermore, segmented images oftentimes require remedial morphological filtering before skeletonization or vectorization. To address these limitations, we present a vectorization method to extract vascular objects directly from unsegmented images without the need for machine learning or training. The Segmentation-Less, Automated, Vascular Vectorization (SLAVV) source code in MATLAB is openly available on GitHub. This novel method uses simple models of vascular anatomy, efficient linear filtering, and vector extraction algorithms to remove the image segmentation requirement, replacing it with manual or automated vector classification. Semi-automated SLAVV is demonstrated on three in vivo 2PM image volumes of microvascular networks (capillaries, arterioles and venules) in the mouse cortex. Vectorization performance is proven robust to the choice of plasma- or endothelial-labeled contrast, and processing costs are shown to scale with input image volume. Fully-automated SLAVV performance is evaluated on simulated 2PM images of varying quality all based on the large (1.4×0.9×0.6 mm3 and 1.6×108 voxel) input image. Vascular statistics of interest (e.g. volume fraction, surface area density) calculated from automatically vectorized images show greater robustness to image quality than those calculated from intensity-thresholded images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel A Mihelic
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - William A Sikora
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michael R Williamson
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Theresa A Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Andrew K Dunn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas, Austin, Texas, United States of America
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40
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Hindawi SI, El-Kafrawy SA, Hassan AM, Badawi MA, Bayoumi MM, Almalki AA, Zowawi HM, Tolah AM, Alandijany TA, Abunada Q, Picard-Maureau M, Damanhouri GA, Azhar EI. Efficient inactivation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human apheresis platelet concentrates with amotosalen and ultraviolet A light. Transfus Clin Biol 2021; 29:31-36. [PMID: 34411748 PMCID: PMC8366050 DOI: 10.1016/j.tracli.2021.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objectives The detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in blood and platelet concentrates from asymptomatic donors, and the detection of viral particles on the surface and inside platelets during in vitro experiments, raised concerns over the potential risk for transfusion-transmitted-infection (TTI). The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the amotosalen/UVA pathogen reduction technology for SARS-CoV-2 in human platelet concentrates to mitigate such potential risk. Material and methods Five apheresis platelet units in 100% plasma were spiked with a clinical SARS-CoV-2 isolate followed by treatment with amotosalen/UVA (INTERCEPT Blood System), pre- and posttreatment samples were collected as well as untreated positive and negative controls. The infectious viral titer was assessed by plaque assay and the genomic titer by quantitative RT-PCR. To exclude the presence of infectious particles post-pathogen reduction treatment below the limit of detection, three consecutive rounds of passaging on permissive cell lines were conducted. Results SARS-CoV-2 in platelet concentrates was inactivated with amotosalen/UVA below the limit of detection with a mean log reduction of > 3.31 ± 0.23. During three consecutive rounds of passaging, no viral replication was detected. Pathogen reduction treatment also inhibited nucleic acid detection with a log reduction of > 4.46 ± 0.51 PFU equivalents. Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 was efficiently inactivated in platelet concentrates by amotosalen/UVA treatment. These results are in line with previous inactivation data for SARS-CoV-2 in plasma as well as MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-1 in platelets and plasma, demonstrating efficient inactivation of human coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I Hindawi
- Department of Hematology, Blood Transfusion Services, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - S A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Badawi
- Department of Hematology, Blood Transfusion Services, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Bayoumi
- Blood Transfusion Services, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - A A Almalki
- Blood Transfusion Services, King Abdulaziz University Hospital, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - H M Zowawi
- College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - T A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Q Abunada
- Cerus Europe B.V., Stationsstraat 79-D, 3811 Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - M Picard-Maureau
- Cerus Europe B.V., Stationsstraat 79-D, 3811 Amersfoort, The Netherlands
| | - G A Damanhouri
- Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - E I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center and Medical Laboratory Technology Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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Alshukairi AN, El-Kafrawy SA, Dada A, Yasir M, Yamani AH, Saeedi MF, Aljohaney A, AlJohani NI, Bahaudden HA, Alam I, Gojobori T, Radovanovic A, Alandijany TA, Othman NA, Alsubhi TL, Hassan AM, Tolah AM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Zumla A, Azhar EI. Re-infection with a different SARS-CoV-2 clade and prolonged viral shedding in a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patient. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 110:267-271. [PMID: 34289407 PMCID: PMC8286546 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Immunocompromised patients who have a severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection pose many clinical and public health challenges. We describe the case of a hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patient with lymphoma who had a protracted illness requiring three consecutive hospital admissions. Whole genome sequencing confirmed two different SARS-CoV-2 clades. Clinical management issues and the unanswered questions arising from this case are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer N Alshukairi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yasir
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani H Yamani
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Saeedi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Aljohaney
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif I AlJohani
- Adult Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Section, Oncology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam A Bahaudden
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Intikhab Alam
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Takashi Gojobori
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aleksandar Radovanovic
- Computational Bioscience Research Centre, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah A Othman
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tagreed L Alsubhi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Alimuddin Zumla
- Division of Infection and Immunity, Centre for Clinical Microbiology, University College London Royal Free Campus, London, UK; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, UCL Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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Alshukairi AN, Zhao J, Al-Mozaini MA, Wang Y, Dada A, Baharoon SA, Alfaraj S, Ahmed WA, Enani MA, Elzein FE, Eltayeb N, Layqah L, El-Saed A, Bahaudden HA, Haseeb A, El-Kafrawy SA, Hassan AM, Siddiq NA, Alsharif I, Qushmaq I, Azhar EI, Perlman S, Memish ZA. Longevity of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Antibody Responses in Humans, Saudi Arabia. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27. [PMID: 33900908 PMCID: PMC8084512 DOI: 10.3201/eid2705.204056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the immune response to Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is crucial for disease prevention and vaccine development. We studied the antibody responses in 48 human MERS-CoV infection survivors who had variable disease severity in Saudi Arabia. MERS-CoV-specific neutralizing antibodies were detected for 6 years postinfection.
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El-Kafrawy SA, Abbas AT, Sohrab SS, Tabll AA, Hassan AM, Iwata-Yoshikawa N, Nagata N, Azhar EI. Immunotherapeutic Efficacy of IgY Antibodies Targeting the Full-Length Spike Protein in an Animal Model of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14060511. [PMID: 34073502 PMCID: PMC8229159 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identified in 2012, the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes severe and often fatal acute respiratory illness in humans. No approved prophylactic or therapeutic interventions are currently available. In this study, we developed chicken egg yolk antibodies (IgY Abs) specific to the MERS-CoV spike (S) protein and evaluated their neutralizing efficiency against MERS-CoV infection. S-specific IgY Abs were produced by injecting chickens with the purified recombinant S protein of MERS-CoV at a high titer (4.4 mg/mL per egg yolk) at week 7 post immunization. Western blotting and immune-dot blot assays demonstrated specific binding to the MERS-CoV S protein. In vitro neutralization of the generated IgY Abs against MERS-CoV was evaluated and showed a 50% neutralizing concentration of 51.42 μg/mL. In vivo testing using a human-transgenic mouse model showed a reduction of viral antigen positive cells in treated mice, compared to the adjuvant-only controls. Moreover, the lung cells of the treated mice showed significantly reduced inflammation, compared to the controls. Our results show efficient neutralization of MERS-CoV infection both in vitro and in vivo using S-specific IgY Abs. Clinical trials are needed to evaluate the efficiency of the IgY Abs in camels and humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aymn T. Abbas
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Biotechnology Research Laboratories, Gastroenterology, Surgery Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: (A.T.A.); (E.I.A.); Tel.: +966-546-315-514 (A.T.A.); +966-566-615-222 (E.I.A.)
| | - Sayed S. Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf A. Tabll
- Microbial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Egypt;
- Department of Immunology, Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo 11517, Egypt
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Naoko Iwata-Yoshikawa
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (N.I.-Y.); (N.N.)
| | - Noriyo Nagata
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (N.I.-Y.); (N.N.)
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.E.-K.); (S.S.S.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (A.T.A.); (E.I.A.); Tel.: +966-546-315-514 (A.T.A.); +966-566-615-222 (E.I.A.)
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Alshukairi AN, Tolah AM, Dada A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Almagharbi RS, Saeedi MF, Al-Hamzi MA, El-Kafrawy SA, Bahaudden HA, El-Saed A, Al-Mozaini MA, Khalid I, Hefni LK, Hassan AM, Alandijany TA, Bajrai LH, Bayumi DT, Albishi GE, Althawadi SI, Zabani NA, Perlman S, Azhar EI. Test-based de-isolation in COVID-19 immunocompromised patients: Cycle threshold value versus SARS-CoV-2 viral culture. Int J Infect Dis 2021; 108:112-115. [PMID: 34004329 PMCID: PMC8123529 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunocompromised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have prolonged infectious viral shedding for more than 20 days. A test-based approach is suggested for de-isolation of these patients. METHODS The strategy was evaluated by comparing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral load (cycle threshold (Ct) values) and viral culture at the time of hospital discharge in a series of 13 COVID-19 patients: six immunocompetent and seven immunocompromised (five solid organ transplant patients, one lymphoma patient, and one hepatocellular carcinoma patient). RESULTS Three of the 13 (23%) patients had positive viral cultures: one patient with lymphoma (on day 16) and two immunocompetent patients (on day 7 and day 11). Eighty percent of the patients had negative viral cultures and had a mean Ct value of 20.5. None of the solid organ transplant recipients had positive viral cultures. CONCLUSIONS The mean Ct value for negative viral cultures was 20.5 in this case series of immunocompromised patients. Unlike those with hematological malignancies, none of the solid organ transplant patients had positive viral cultures. Adopting the test-based approach for all immunocompromised patients may lead to prolonged quarantine. Large-scale studies in disease-specific populations are needed to determine whether a test-based approach versus a symptom-based approach or a combination is applicable for the de-isolation of various immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abeer N Alshukairi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed M Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ashraf Dada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Reem S Almagharbi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed F Saeedi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Al-Hamzi
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Husam A Bahaudden
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aiman El-Saed
- Department of Infection Prevention and Control, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A Al-Mozaini
- Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Khalid
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama K Hefni
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniyah T Bayumi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadeer E Albishi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sahar I Althawadi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Najla A Zabani
- Department of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit-BSL3, King Fahad Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Faizo AA, Alandijany TA, Abbas AT, Sohrab SS, El-Kafrawy SA, Tolah AM, Hassan AM, Azhar EI. A Reliable Indirect ELISA Protocol for Detection of Human Antibodies Directed to SARS-CoV-2 NP Protein. Diagnostics (Basel) 2021; 11:825. [PMID: 34063315 PMCID: PMC8147428 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics11050825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A few months ago, the availability of a reliable and cost-effective testing capacity for COVID-19 was a concern for many countries. With the emergence and circulation of new SARS-CoV-2 variants, another layer of challenge can be added for COVID-19 testing at both molecular and serological levels. This is particularly important for the available tests principally designed to target the S gene/protein where multiple mutations have been reported. Herein, the SARS-CoV-2 NP recombinant protein was utilized to develop a simple and reliable COVID-19 NP human IgG ELISA. The optimized protocol was validated against a micro-neutralization (MN) assay, in-house S-based ELISA, and commercial chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA). The developed assay provides 100% sensitivity, 98.9% specificity, 98.9% agreement, and high overall accuracy with an area under curve equal to 0.9998 ± 0.0002 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.99 to 1.00. The optical density values of positive samples significantly correlated with their corresponding MN titers. The assay specifically detects IgG antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 NP protein and does not cross-detect IgG to the viral S protein. Moreover, it does not cross-react with antibodies related to other coronaviruses (e.g., the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus or human coronavirus HKU1). The availability of this reliable COVID-19 NP IgG ELISA protocol is highly valuable for its diagnostic and epidemiological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa A. Faizo
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.T.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.A.E.-K.); (A.M.T.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A. Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.T.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.A.E.-K.); (A.M.T.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman T. Abbas
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.T.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.A.E.-K.); (A.M.T.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sayed S. Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.T.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.A.E.-K.); (A.M.T.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.T.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.A.E.-K.); (A.M.T.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.T.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.A.E.-K.); (A.M.T.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.T.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.A.E.-K.); (A.M.T.); (A.M.H.)
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 128442, Jeddah 21362, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.F.); (A.T.A.); (S.S.S.); (S.A.E.-K.); (A.M.T.); (A.M.H.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80324, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
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Sohrab SS, Aly El-Kafrawy S, Mirza Z, Hassan AM, Alsaqaf F, Azhar EI. In silico prediction and experimental validation of siRNAs targeting ORF1ab of MERS-CoV in Vero cell line. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:1348-1355. [PMID: 33519276 PMCID: PMC7833792 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus is well known to cause respiratory syndrome and this virus was identified and isolated for the first time from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 2012 from infected patient. In this report, we have conducted the in-silico prediction, designing and evaluation of siRNAs targeting Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus orf1ab gene to inhibit the virus replication. By using bioinformatics software, total twenty-one functional, off-target reduced siRNA were selected from four hundred and sixty-two siRNAs based on their greater potency and specificity. We have evaluated only seven siRNAs to analyze their performance and efficacy as antivirals by reverse transfection approach in Vero cells. There was no cytotoxicity of siRNAs at various concentrations was observed in Vero cells. Based on the real-time PCR results, better inhibition of viral replication was observed in the siRNA-1 and 4 as compared to other siRNAs. The results generated from this work provided suitable information about the efficacy of siRNAs which encouraged us to further evaluate the remaining siRNAs to determine their inhibitory effect on the virus replication. We concluded that the insilico prediction and designing resulted in the screening of potential siRNAs with better efficiency, and strength. This can be used to develop oligonucleotide-based antiviral therapeutics against MERS-CoV in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif Aly El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Alsaqaf
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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El-Kabeer MMM, Abd EL-Rahman AE, Hassan AM. Biliary Leak After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy; Incidence and Management. The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 2021; 82:746-754. [DOI: 10.21608/ejhm.2021.153003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Sohrab SS, El-Kafrawy SA, Mirza Z, Hassan AM, Alsaqaf F, Azhar EI. Designing and evaluation of MERS-CoV siRNAs in HEK-293 cell line. J Infect Public Health 2020; 14:238-243. [PMID: 33493920 PMCID: PMC7771261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The MERS-CoV was identified for the first time from Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in 2012 from a hospitalized patient. This virus has now been spread to 27 countries with a total of 858 deaths and 2494 confirmed cases and has become a serious concern for the human population. Camels are well known for the transmission of the virus to the human population. Methods In this report, we have discussed the designing, prediction, and evaluation of potential siRNAs against the orf1ab gene of MERS-CoV. The online software was used to predict and design the siRNAs and finally, total twenty-one siRNA were filtered out from four hundred and sixty-two sIRNAs as per their scoring and specificity criteria. We have used only ten siRNAs to evaluate their cytotoxicity and efficacy by reverse transfection approach in HEK-293-T cell lines. Results Based on the results and data generated; no cytotoxicity was observed for any siRNAs at various concentrations in HEK-293-T cells. The ct value of real-time PCR showed the inhibition of viral replication in siRNA-1, 2, 4, 6, and 9. The data generated provided the preliminary information and encouraged us to evaluate the remaining siRNAs separately as well as in combination to analyses the replication of MERS-CoV inhibition in other cell lines. Conclusion Based on the results obtained; it is concluded that the prediction of siRNAs using online software resulted in the filtration of potential siRNAs with high accuracy and strength. This technology can be used to design and develop antiviral therapy not only for MERS-CoV but also against other viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayed Sartaj Sohrab
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box, No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Sherif Aly El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box, No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zeenat Mirza
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box, No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Alsaqaf
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box, No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam Ibraheem Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Post Box, No-80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Azhar EI, Hindawi SI, El-Kafrawy SA, Hassan AM, Tolah AM, Alandijany TA, Bajrai LH, Damanhouri GA. Amotosalen and ultraviolet A light treatment efficiently inactivates severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in human plasma. Vox Sang 2020; 116:673-681. [PMID: 33277935 PMCID: PMC8359189 DOI: 10.1111/vox.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background and objectives During the ongoing pandemic of COVID‐19, SARS‐CoV‐2 RNA was detected in plasma and platelet products from asymptomatic blood donors, raising concerns about potential risk of transfusion transmission, also in the context of the current therapeutic approach utilizing plasma from convalescent donors. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of amotosalen/UVA light treatment to inactivate SARS‐CoV‐2 in human plasma to reduce the risk of potential transmission through blood transfusion. Methods Pools of three whole‐blood‐derived human plasma units (630–650 ml) were inoculated with a clinical SARS‐CoV‐2 isolate. Spiked units were treated with amotosalen/UVA light (INTERCEPT Blood System™) to inactivate SARS‐CoV‐2. Infectious titres and genomic viral load were assessed by plaque assay and real‐time quantitative PCR. Inactivated samples were subject to three successive passages on permissive tissue culture to exclude the presence of replication‐competent viral particles. Results Inactivation of infectious viral particles in spiked plasma units below the limit of detection was achieved by amotosalen/UVA light treatment with a mean log reduction of >3·32 ± 0·2. Passaging of inactivated samples on permissive tissue showed no viral replication even after 9 days of incubation and three passages, confirming complete inactivation. The treatment also inhibited NAT detection by nucleic acid modification with a mean log reduction of 2·92 ± 0·87 PFU genomic equivalents. Conclusion Amotosalen/UVA light treatment of SARS‐CoV‐2 spiked human plasma units efficiently and completely inactivated >3·32 ± 0·2 log of SARS‐CoV‐2 infectivity, showing that such treatment could minimize the risk of transfusion‐related SARS‐CoV‐2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esam I Azhar
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa I Hindawi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A El-Kafrawy
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Tolah
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir A Alandijany
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Leena H Bajrai
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghazi A Damanhouri
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Zaki EA, El-Daly MM, Abdulhaq A, Al-Subhi TL, Hassan AM, El-Kafrawy SA, Alhazmi MM, Darraj MA, Azhar EI. Genotyping and antiretroviral drug resistance of human immunodeficiency Virus-1 in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e23274. [PMID: 33285702 PMCID: PMC7717766 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Determination of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) genotypes and identification of antiretroviral drug-resistant mutations. Among treatment naïve HIV patients in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. HIV is a major public health problem. HIV genotyping and antiretroviral resistance testing is an important guide for better management of treatment-naive. Antiretroviral resistance testing before starting of treatment regimen leads to a better virological response. A total of 57 samples of treatment-naive patients were collected from King Fahd Central Hospital in Jazan, Saudi Arabia. Samples were tested for HIV-1 antibodies, western blot, viral load, HIV-1 genotypes through direct sequencing, and antiretroviral resistance testing. The HIV-1 Genotypes were as follow; C: 66.6%, D: 10.5%, G: 8.8%, B: 7.0%, CRF01_AE: 3.5%, A and CRF02_AG: 1.8% each. 77.2% of cases showed susceptibility to the 3 major classes of antiretroviral drugs; Protease inhibitor (PI), Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI), and non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI); while 8.8% had mutations conferring resistance to NRTI. Mutations conferring resistance to PI were detected in 7.0% of cases, and 1.8% of cases had mutations conferring resistance to both NRTI and PI. Mutations conferring resistance to NNRTI were detected in 5.3% of cases. Mutations associated with antiretroviral drugs include (V82A+I84IV), (L10F+Q58E), (L10F+V82Y), L10FV, L33LF, L89LMV, M184V, E138A, V106I, and V179VD. The prevalence of HIV-1 antiretroviral resistance mutations is 22.8% in the studied population, which may warrant antiretroviral drug resistance testing as a pretreatment to help and guide physicians for the proper HIV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eitezaz A. Zaki
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
- Department of Virology, Jeddah Regional Lab, Ministry of Health
| | - Mai M. El-Daly
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Abdulhaq
- Deanship of Scientific Affairs and Research, Jazan University
| | - Tagreed L. Al-Subhi
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M. Hassan
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherif A. El-Kafrawy
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Clinical Pathology Department, National Liver Institute, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | | | - Majid A. Darraj
- Department of Infectious Diseases, King Fahd Central Hospital
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Esam I. Azhar
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University
- Special Infectious Agents Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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