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Assiri AM, Alserehi H, Abuhasan MY, Khalil EAA, Al-Thunayan MH, Alshehri MS, Alrossais AA, Abudahish AS, Alsahafi AJ, Al-Tawfiq JA. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and outcome of mpox: A study of 381 cases in Saudi Arabia. IJID Reg 2024; 11:100358. [PMID: 38590626 PMCID: PMC11000198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2024.100358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Objectives There are limited data on the clinical and epidemiological aspects of mpox in Saudi Arabia. This study investigates the characteristics of Mpox cases from May to September 2023. Methods A total of 381 cases of Mpox were included in this study, diagnosed based on a combination of clinical symptoms and laboratory testing. Results The majority of mpox cases were males (91.1%), with a mean age of (±SD) of 32.4 (±8.3) years; 356 (93.4%) did not report travel, 277 (72.7%) denied engaging in extra-marital sex, and 379 (99.5%) were not linked to secondary cases. Fever was reported in 371 (97.4%), whereas headache was present in 314 (82.4%). Cough (1.3%) and conjunctivitis (0.5%) were rare. The most commonly affected areas in terms of lesions were the palms and soles (297 cases, 78%), followed by the genitals (206 cases, 54%), face (198 cases, 52%), and mouth (160 cases, 42%). Of the 1325 identified contacts, 1134 (85.5%) were hospital contacts, and 191 (14.5%) were community contacts, and 393 (29.6%) were high-risk contact. Of the high-risk contacts, 284 (72.3%) accepted post-exposure vaccination. The genotyped samples were all subclade IIb (formerly the West Africa clade). Conclusions This study provides valuable insights into mpox characteristics in Saudi Arabia. The genome of monkeypox virus belonged to subclade IIb of the West Africa clade. Further analysis of the global tree sublineage is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Dhahran Health Center, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA. Measles Outbreaks in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: Urgent Need for Strengthened Vaccination Efforts. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024:10.1007/s44197-024-00227-3. [PMID: 38662132 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ziad A Memish
- King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health & College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Aljamaan F, Malki KH, Alhasan K, Jamal A, Altamimi I, Khayat A, Alhaboob A, Abdulmajeed N, Alshahrani FS, Saad K, Al-Eyadhy A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Temsah MH. ChatGPT-3.5 System Usability Scale early assessment among Healthcare Workers: Horizons of adoption in medical practice. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28962. [PMID: 38623218 PMCID: PMC11016609 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots, such as ChatGPT, have widely invaded all domains of human life. They have the potential to transform healthcare future. However, their effective implementation hinges on healthcare workers' (HCWs) adoption and perceptions. This study aimed to evaluate HCWs usability of ChatGPT three months post-launch in Saudi Arabia using the System Usability Scale (SUS). A total of 194 HCWs participated in the survey. Forty-seven percent were satisfied with their usage, 57 % expressed moderate to high trust in its ability to generate medical decisions. 58 % expected ChatGPT would improve patients' outcomes, even though 84 % were optimistic of its potential to improve the future of healthcare practice. They expressed possible concerns like recommending harmful medical decisions and medicolegal implications. The overall mean SUS score was 64.52, equivalent to 50 % percentile rank, indicating high marginal acceptability of the system. The strongest positive predictors of high SUS scores were participants' belief in AI chatbot's benefits in medical research, self-rated familiarity with ChatGPT and self-rated computer skills proficiency. Participants' learnability and ease of use score correlated positively but weakly. On the other hand, medical students and interns had significantly high learnability scores compared to others, while ease of use scores correlated very strongly with participants' perception of positive impact of ChatGPT on the future of healthcare practice. Our findings highlight the HCWs' perceived marginal acceptance of ChatGPT at the current stage and their optimism of its potential in supporting them in future practice, especially in the research domain, in addition to humble ambition of its potential to improve patients' outcomes particularly in regard of medical decisions. On the other end, it underscores the need for ongoing efforts to build trust and address ethical and legal concerns of AI implications in healthcare. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on AI chatbots in healthcare, especially addressing its future improvement strategies and provides insights for policymakers and healthcare providers about the potential benefits and challenges of implementing them in their practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fadi Aljamaan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Critical Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H. Malki
- Research Chair of Voice, Swallowing, and Communication Disorders, Department of Otolaryngology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Kidney and Pancreas Transplant, Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Altamimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Afnan Khayat
- Health Information Management Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Al Dhahran 34313, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhaboob
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdulmajeed
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Saad
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21218, USA
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
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Bender RG, Sirota SB, Swetschinski LR, Dominguez RMV, Novotney A, Wool EE, Ikuta KS, Vongpradith A, Rogowski ELB, Doxey M, Troeger CE, Albertson SB, Ma J, He J, Maass KL, A.F.Simões E, Abdoun M, Abdul Aziz JM, Abdulah DM, Abu Rumeileh S, Abualruz H, Aburuz S, Adepoju AV, Adha R, Adikusuma W, Adra S, Afraz A, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmed H, Ahmed A, Akinosoglou K, AL-Ahdal TMA, Al-amer RM, Albashtawy M, AlBataineh MT, Alemi H, Al-Gheethi AAS, Ali A, Ali SSS, Alqahtani JS, AlQudah M, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Worafi YM, Alzoubi KH, Amani R, Amegbor PM, Ameyaw EK, Amuasi JH, Anil A, Anyanwu PE, Arafat M, Areda D, Arefnezhad R, Atalell KA, Ayele F, Azzam AY, Babamohamadi H, Babin FX, Bahurupi Y, Baker S, Banik B, Barchitta M, Barqawi HJ, Basharat Z, Baskaran P, Batra K, Batra R, Bayileyegn NS, Beloukas A, Berkley JA, Beyene KA, Bhargava A, Bhattacharjee P, Bielicki JA, Bilalaga MM, Bitra VR, Brown CS, Burkart K, Bustanji Y, Carr S, Chahine Y, Chattu VK, Chichagi F, Chopra H, Chukwu IS, Chung E, Dadana S, Dai X, Dandona L, Dandona R, Darban I, Dash NR, Dashti M, Dashtkoohi M, Dekker DM, Delgado-Enciso I, Devanbu VGC, Dhama K, Diao N, Do THP, Dokova KG, Dolecek C, Dziedzic AM, Eckmanns T, Ed-Dra A, Efendi F, Eftekharimehrabad A, Eyre DW, Fahim A, Feizkhah A, Felton TW, Ferreira N, Flor LS, Gaihre S, Gebregergis MW, Gebrehiwot M, Geffers C, Gerema U, Ghaffari K, Goldust M, Goleij P, Guan SY, Gudeta MD, Guo C, Gupta VB, Gupta I, Habibzadeh F, Hadi NR, Haeuser E, Hailu WB, Hajibeygi R, Haj-Mirzaian A, Haller S, Hamiduzzaman M, Hanifi N, Hansel J, Hasnain MS, Haubold J, Hoan NQ, Huynh HH, Iregbu KC, Islam MR, Jafarzadeh A, Jairoun AA, Jalili M, Jomehzadeh N, Joshua CE, Kabir MA, Kamal Z, Kanmodi KK, Kantar RS, Karimi Behnagh A, Kaur N, Kaur H, Khamesipour F, Khan MN, Khan suheb MZ, Khanal V, Khatab K, Khatib MN, Kim G, Kim K, Kitila ATT, Komaki S, Krishan K, Krumkamp R, Kuddus MA, Kurniasari MD, Lahariya C, Latifinaibin K, Le NHH, Le TTT, Le TDT, Lee SW, LEPAPE A, Lerango TL, Li MC, Mahboobipour AA, Malhotra K, Mallhi TH, Manoharan A, Martinez-Guerra BA, Mathioudakis AG, Mattiello R, May J, McManigal B, McPhail SM, Mekene Meto T, Mendez-Lopez MAM, Meo SA, Merati M, Mestrovic T, Mhlanga L, Minh LHN, Misganaw A, Mishra V, Misra AK, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi E, Mohammed M, Mohammed M, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Moore CE, Motappa R, Mougin V, Mousavi P, Mulita F, Mulu AA, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Nainu F, Nair TS, Nargus S, Negaresh M, Nguyen HTH, Nguyen DH, Nguyen VT, Nikolouzakis TK, Noman EA, Nri-Ezedi CA, Odetokun IA, Okwute PG, Olana MD, Olanipekun TO, Olasupo OO, Olivas-Martinez A, Ordak M, Ortiz-Brizuela E, Ouyahia A, Padubidri JR, Pak A, Pandey A, Pantazopoulos I, Parija PP, Parikh RR, Park S, Parthasarathi A, Pashaei A, Peprah P, Pham HT, Poddighe D, Pollard A, Ponce-De-Leon A, Prakash PY, Prates EJS, Quan NK, Raee P, Rahim F, Rahman M, Rahmati M, Ramasamy SK, Ranjan S, Rao IR, Rashid AM, Rattanavong S, Ravikumar N, Reddy MMRK, Redwan EMM, Reiner RC, Reyes LF, Roberts T, Rodrigues M, Rosenthal VD, Roy P, Runghien T, Saeed U, Saghazadeh A, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Sahoo SS, Sahu M, Sakshaug JW, Salami AA, Saleh MA, Salehi omran H, Sallam M, Samadzadeh S, Samodra YL, Sanjeev RK, Sarasmita MA, Saravanan A, Sartorius B, Saulam J, Schumacher AE, Seyedi SA, Shafie M, Shahid S, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shamshirgaran MA, Shastry RP, Sherchan SP, Shiferaw D, Shittu A, Siddig EE, Sinto R, Sood A, Sorensen RJD, Stergachis A, Stoeva TZ, Swain CK, Szarpak L, Tamuzi JL, Temsah MH, Tessema MBT, Thangaraju P, Tran NM, Tran NH, Tumurkhuu M, Ty SS, Udoakang AJ, Ulhaq I, Umar TP, Umer AA, Vahabi SM, Vaithinathan AG, Van den Eynde J, Walson JL, Waqas M, Xing Y, Yadav MK, Yahya G, Yon DK, Zahedi Bialvaei A, Zakham F, Zeleke AM, Zhai C, Zhang Z, Zhang H, Zielińska M, Zheng P, Aravkin AY, Vos T, Hay SI, Mosser JF, Lim SS, Naghavi M, Murray CJL, Kyu HH. Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Infect Dis 2024:S1473-3099(24)00176-2. [PMID: 38636536 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00176-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are a major global contributor to morbidity and mortality. In 2020-21, non-pharmaceutical interventions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic reduced not only the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but also the transmission of other LRI pathogens. Tracking LRI incidence and mortality, as well as the pathogens responsible, can guide health-system responses and funding priorities to reduce future burden. We present estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 of the burden of non-COVID-19 LRIs and corresponding aetiologies from 1990 to 2021, inclusive of pandemic effects on the incidence and mortality of select respiratory viruses, globally, regionally, and for 204 countries and territories. METHODS We estimated mortality, incidence, and aetiology attribution for LRI, defined by the GBD as pneumonia or bronchiolitis, not inclusive of COVID-19. We analysed 26 259 site-years of mortality data using the Cause of Death Ensemble model to estimate LRI mortality rates. We analysed all available age-specific and sex-specific data sources, including published literature identified by a systematic review, as well as household surveys, hospital admissions, health insurance claims, and LRI mortality estimates, to generate internally consistent estimates of incidence and prevalence using DisMod-MR 2.1. For aetiology estimation, we analysed multiple causes of death, vital registration, hospital discharge, microbial laboratory, and literature data using a network analysis model to produce the proportion of LRI deaths and episodes attributable to the following pathogens: Acinetobacter baumannii, Chlamydia spp, Enterobacter spp, Escherichia coli, fungi, group B streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, influenza viruses, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Legionella spp, Mycoplasma spp, polymicrobial infections, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and other viruses (ie, the aggregate of all viruses studied except influenza and RSV), as well as a residual category of other bacterial pathogens. FINDINGS Globally, in 2021, we estimated 344 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 325-364) incident episodes of LRI, or 4350 episodes (4120-4610) per 100 000 population, and 2·18 million deaths (1·98-2·36), or 27·7 deaths (25·1-29·9) per 100 000. 502 000 deaths (406 000-611 000) were in children younger than 5 years, among which 254 000 deaths (197 000-320 000) occurred in countries with a low Socio-demographic Index. Of the 18 modelled pathogen categories in 2021, S pneumoniae was responsible for the highest proportions of LRI episodes and deaths, with an estimated 97·9 million (92·1-104·0) episodes and 505 000 deaths (454 000-555 000) globally. The pathogens responsible for the second and third highest episode counts globally were other viral aetiologies (46·4 million [43·6-49·3] episodes) and Mycoplasma spp (25·3 million [23·5-27·2]), while those responsible for the second and third highest death counts were S aureus (424 000 [380 000-459 000]) and K pneumoniae (176 000 [158 000-194 000]). From 1990 to 2019, the global all-age non-COVID-19 LRI mortality rate declined by 41·7% (35·9-46·9), from 56·5 deaths (51·3-61·9) to 32·9 deaths (29·9-35·4) per 100 000. From 2019 to 2021, during the COVID-19 pandemic and implementation of associated non-pharmaceutical interventions, we estimated a 16·0% (13·1-18·6) decline in the global all-age non-COVID-19 LRI mortality rate, largely accounted for by a 71·8% (63·8-78·9) decline in the number of influenza deaths and a 66·7% (56·6-75·3) decline in the number of RSV deaths. INTERPRETATION Substantial progress has been made in reducing LRI mortality, but the burden remains high, especially in low-income and middle-income countries. During the COVID-19 pandemic, with its associated non-pharmaceutical interventions, global incident LRI cases and mortality attributable to influenza and RSV declined substantially. Expanding access to health-care services and vaccines, including S pneumoniae, H influenzae type B, and novel RSV vaccines, along with new low-cost interventions against S aureus, could mitigate the LRI burden and prevent transmission of LRI-causing pathogens. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Wellcome Trust, and Department of Health and Social Care (UK).
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AlBahrani S, AlZahrani SJ, Al-Maqati TN, Almehbash A, Alshammari A, Bujlai R, Ba Taweel S, Almasabi F, AlAmari A, Al-Tawfiq JA. Dynamic Patterns and Predominance of Respiratory Pathogens Post-COVID-19: Insights from a Two-Year Analysis. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024:10.1007/s44197-024-00213-9. [PMID: 38589755 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-024-00213-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) stand out as the most frequent causes leading to visits to the emergency department and hospitalizations. This study aims to assess the types and prevalence of respiratory infections across two years following the end of the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Patients presenting with an influenza-like illness (ILI) were tested using multiplex RT-PCR (QIAstat-Dx, Qiagen). The multiplexed RT- PCR test detects 21 respiratory viruses and bacteria. RESULTS During the study period, PCR test was done on a total of 1,790 samples were tested, and 712 (40%) were positive for a total of 796 pathogens. The mean age (± SD) of the participants was 20.1 ± 28.4 years in 2022 and 21.9 ± 27.6 years in 2023. Among the detected pathogens, the most prevalent were Rhinovirus/Enterovirus 222 (12.4%), followed by RSV A&B (103 cases, 5.7%), and H1N1 Influenza (77 cases, 4.3%). Additionally, Influenza A/B constituted 172 (9.6%) while parainfluenza constituted (58, 3.2%). SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 3.97% of the samples. Over the two-year period, the monthly pattern of the identified pathogens exhibited fluctuations in the prevalence. Furthermore, variations were observed in the detected pathogens across different age groups. CONCLUSION In addition to adding significant knowledge to the field of respiratory viral infections, this study emphasizes the necessity of ongoing research and surveillance for the detection and characterization of respiratory viruses, particularly those with the potential for emergence. Such studies would also require setting up a strategy for genotyping and/or sequencing of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma AlBahrani
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- College of medicine-Imam Abdulrahaman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Thekra N Al-Maqati
- Department of Clinical laboratory Science, Prince Sultan Military College of health science, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Atheer Almehbash
- Molecular laboratory department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anfal Alshammari
- Molecular laboratory department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Refan Bujlai
- Molecular laboratory department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Ba Taweel
- Molecular laboratory department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares Almasabi
- Radiology Department, Armed Forces Hospital Najran, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah AlAmari
- Department of pharmacy, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia.
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Naghavi M, Ong KL, Aali A, Ababneh HS, Abate YH, Abbafati C, Abbasgholizadeh R, Abbasian M, Abbasi-Kangevari M, Abbastabar H, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelwahab A, Abdollahi M, Abdollahifar MA, Abdoun M, Abdulah DM, Abdullahi A, Abebe M, Abebe SS, Abedi A, Abegaz KH, Abhilash ES, Abidi H, Abiodun O, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abolmaali M, Abouzid M, Aboye GB, Abreu LG, Abrha WA, Abtahi D, Abu Rumeileh S, Abualruz H, Abubakar B, Abu-Gharbieh E, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Aburuz S, Abu-Zaid A, Accrombessi MMK, Adal TG, Adamu AA, Addo IY, Addolorato G, Adebiyi AO, Adekanmbi V, Adepoju AV, Adetunji CO, Adetunji JB, Adeyeoluwa TE, Adeyinka DA, Adeyomoye OI, Admass BAA, Adnani QES, Adra S, Afolabi AA, Afzal MS, Afzal S, Agampodi SB, Agasthi P, Aggarwal M, Aghamiri S, Agide FD, Agodi A, Agrawal A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad MM, Ahmad S, Ahmad S, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmed A, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MS, Ahmed MS, Ahmed MB, Ahmed SA, Ajami M, Aji B, Akara EM, Akbarialiabad H, Akinosoglou K, Akinyemiju T, Akkaif MA, Akyirem S, Al Hamad H, Al Hasan SM, Alahdab F, Alalalmeh SO, Alalwan TA, Al-Aly Z, Alam K, Alam M, Alam N, Al-amer RM, Alanezi FM, Alanzi TM, Al-Azzam S, Albakri A, Albashtawy M, AlBataineh MT, Alcalde-Rabanal JE, Aldawsari KA, Aldhaleei WA, Aldridge RW, Alema HB, Alemayohu MA, Alemi S, Alemu YM, Al-Gheethi AAS, Alhabib KF, Alhalaiqa FAN, Al-Hanawi MK, Ali A, Ali A, Ali L, Ali MU, Ali R, Ali S, Ali SSS, Alicandro G, Alif SM, Alikhani R, Alimohamadi Y, Aliyi AA, Aljasir MAM, Aljunid SM, Alla F, Allebeck P, Al-Marwani S, Al-Maweri SAA, Almazan JU, Al-Mekhlafi HM, Almidani L, Almidani O, Alomari MA, Al-Omari B, Alonso J, Alqahtani JS, Alqalyoobi S, Alqutaibi AY, Al-Sabah SK, Altaany Z, Altaf A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Altirkawi KA, Aluh DO, Alvis-Guzman N, Alwafi H, Al-Worafi YM, Aly H, Aly S, Alzoubi KH, Amani R, Amare AT, Amegbor PM, Ameyaw EK, Amin TT, Amindarolzarbi A, Amiri S, Amirzade-Iranaq MH, Amu H, Amugsi DA, Amusa GA, Ancuceanu R, Anderlini D, Anderson DB, Andrade PP, Andrei CL, Andrei T, Angus C, Anil A, Anil S, Anoushiravani A, Ansari H, Ansariadi A, Ansari-Moghaddam A, Antony CM, Antriyandarti E, Anvari D, Anvari S, Anwar S, Anwar SL, Anwer R, Anyasodor AE, Aqeel M, Arab JP, Arabloo J, Arafat M, Aravkin AY, Areda D, Aremu A, Aremu O, Ariffin H, Arkew M, Armocida B, Arndt MB, Ärnlöv J, Arooj M, Artamonov AA, Arulappan J, Aruleba RT, Arumugam A, Asaad M, Asadi-Lari M, Asgedom AA, Asghariahmadabad M, Asghari-Jafarabadi M, Ashraf M, Aslani A, Astell-Burt T, Athar M, Athari SS, Atinafu BTT, Atlaw HW, Atorkey P, Atout MMW, Atreya A, Aujayeb A, Ausloos M, Avan A, Awedew AF, Aweke AM, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayatollahi H, Ayuso-Mateos JL, Ayyoubzadeh SM, Azadnajafabad S, Azevedo RMS, Azzam AY, B DB, Babu AS, Badar M, Badiye AD, Baghdadi S, Bagheri N, Bagherieh S, Bah S, Bahadorikhalili S, Bahmanziari N, Bai R, Baig AA, Baker JL, Bako AT, Bakshi RK, Balakrishnan S, Balasubramanian M, 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Global burden of 288 causes of death and life expectancy decomposition in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024:S0140-6736(24)00367-2. [PMID: 38582094 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00367-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important following large-scale mortality spikes, such as the COVID-19 pandemic. When systematically analysed, mortality rates and life expectancy allow comparisons of the consequences of causes of death globally and over time, providing a nuanced understanding of the effect of these causes on global populations. METHODS The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 cause-of-death analysis estimated mortality and years of life lost (YLLs) from 288 causes of death by age-sex-location-year in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations for each year from 1990 until 2021. The analysis used 56 604 data sources, including data from vital registration and verbal autopsy as well as surveys, censuses, surveillance systems, and cancer registries, among others. As with previous GBD rounds, cause-specific death rates for most causes were estimated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model-a modelling tool developed for GBD to assess the out-of-sample predictive validity of different statistical models and covariate permutations and combine those results to produce cause-specific mortality estimates-with alternative strategies adapted to model causes with insufficient data, substantial changes in reporting over the study period, or unusual epidemiology. YLLs were computed as the product of the number of deaths for each cause-age-sex-location-year and the standard life expectancy at each age. As part of the modelling process, uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated using the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles from a 1000-draw distribution for each metric. We decomposed life expectancy by cause of death, location, and year to show cause-specific effects on life expectancy from 1990 to 2021. We also used the coefficient of variation and the fraction of population affected by 90% of deaths to highlight concentrations of mortality. Findings are reported in counts and age-standardised rates. Methodological improvements for cause-of-death estimates in GBD 2021 include the expansion of under-5-years age group to include four new age groups, enhanced methods to account for stochastic variation of sparse data, and the inclusion of COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality-which includes excess mortality associated with the pandemic, excluding COVID-19, lower respiratory infections, measles, malaria, and pertussis. For this analysis, 199 new country-years of vital registration cause-of-death data, 5 country-years of surveillance data, 21 country-years of verbal autopsy data, and 94 country-years of other data types were added to those used in previous GBD rounds. FINDINGS The leading causes of age-standardised deaths globally were the same in 2019 as they were in 1990; in descending order, these were, ischaemic heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and lower respiratory infections. In 2021, however, COVID-19 replaced stroke as the second-leading age-standardised cause of death, with 94·0 deaths (95% UI 89·2-100·0) per 100 000 population. The COVID-19 pandemic shifted the rankings of the leading five causes, lowering stroke to the third-leading and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to the fourth-leading position. In 2021, the highest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 occurred in sub-Saharan Africa (271·0 deaths [250·1-290·7] per 100 000 population) and Latin America and the Caribbean (195·4 deaths [182·1-211·4] per 100 000 population). The lowest age-standardised death rates from COVID-19 were in the high-income super-region (48·1 deaths [47·4-48·8] per 100 000 population) and southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania (23·2 deaths [16·3-37·2] per 100 000 population). Globally, life expectancy steadily improved between 1990 and 2019 for 18 of the 22 investigated causes. Decomposition of global and regional life expectancy showed the positive effect that reductions in deaths from enteric infections, lower respiratory infections, stroke, and neonatal deaths, among others have contributed to improved survival over the study period. However, a net reduction of 1·6 years occurred in global life expectancy between 2019 and 2021, primarily due to increased death rates from COVID-19 and other pandemic-related mortality. Life expectancy was highly variable between super-regions over the study period, with southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania gaining 8·3 years (6·7-9·9) overall, while having the smallest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 (0·4 years). The largest reduction in life expectancy due to COVID-19 occurred in Latin America and the Caribbean (3·6 years). Additionally, 53 of the 288 causes of death were highly concentrated in locations with less than 50% of the global population as of 2021, and these causes of death became progressively more concentrated since 1990, when only 44 causes showed this pattern. The concentration phenomenon is discussed heuristically with respect to enteric and lower respiratory infections, malaria, HIV/AIDS, neonatal disorders, tuberculosis, and measles. INTERPRETATION Long-standing gains in life expectancy and reductions in many of the leading causes of death have been disrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic, the adverse effects of which were spread unevenly among populations. Despite the pandemic, there has been continued progress in combatting several notable causes of death, leading to improved global life expectancy over the study period. Each of the seven GBD super-regions showed an overall improvement from 1990 and 2021, obscuring the negative effect in the years of the pandemic. Additionally, our findings regarding regional variation in causes of death driving increases in life expectancy hold clear policy utility. Analyses of shifting mortality trends reveal that several causes, once widespread globally, are now increasingly concentrated geographically. These changes in mortality concentration, alongside further investigation of changing risks, interventions, and relevant policy, present an important opportunity to deepen our understanding of mortality-reduction strategies. Examining patterns in mortality concentration might reveal areas where successful public health interventions have been implemented. Translating these successes to locations where certain causes of death remain entrenched can inform policies that work to improve life expectancy for people everywhere. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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MS, Kim YJ, Kimokoti RW, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kivimäki M, Kochhar S, Kolahi AA, Koly KN, Kompani F, Koroshetz WJ, Kosen S, Kourosh Arami M, Koyanagi A, Kravchenko MA, Krishan K, Krishnamoorthy V, Kuate Defo B, Kuddus MA, Kumar A, Kumar GA, Kumar M, Kumar N, Kumsa NB, Kundu S, Kurniasari MD, Kusuma D, Kuttikkattu A, Kyu HH, La Vecchia C, Ladan MA, Lahariya C, Laksono T, Lal DK, Lallukka T, Lám J, Lami FH, Landires I, Langguth B, Lasrado S, Latief K, Latifinaibin K, Lau KMM, Laurens MB, Lawal BK, Le LKD, Le TTT, Ledda C, Lee M, Lee SW, Lee SW, Lee WC, Lee YH, Leonardi M, Lerango TL, Li MC, Li W, Ligade VS, Lim SS, Linehan C, Liu C, Liu J, Liu W, Lo CH, Lo WD, Lobo SW, Logroscino G, Lopes G, Lopukhov PD, Lorenzovici L, Lorkowski S, Loureiro JA, Lubinda J, Lucchetti G, Lutzky Saute R, Ma ZF, Mabrok M, Machoy M, Madadizadeh F, Magdy Abd El Razek M, Maghazachi AA, Maghbouli N, Mahjoub S, Mahmoudi M, Majeed A, Malagón-Rojas JN, Malakan Rad E, Malhotra K, Malik AA, Malik I, Mallhi TH, Malta DC, Manilal A, Mansouri V, Mansournia MA, Marasini BP, Marateb HR, Maroufi SF, Martinez-Raga J, Martini S, Martins-Melo FR, Martorell M, März W, Marzo RR, Massano J, Mathangasinghe Y, Mathews E, Maude RJ, Maugeri A, Maulik PK, Mayeli M, Mazaheri M, McAlinden C, McGrath JJ, Meena JK, Mehndiratta MM, Mendez-Lopez MAM, Mendoza W, Mendoza-Cano O, Menezes RG, Merati M, Meretoja A, Merkin A, Mersha AM, Mestrovic T, Mi T, Miazgowski T, Michalek IM, Mihretie ET, Minh LHN, Mirfakhraie R, Mirica A, Mirrakhimov EM, Mirzaei M, Misganaw A, Misra S, Mithra P, Mizana BA, Mohamadkhani A, Mohamed NS, Mohammadi E, Mohammadi H, Mohammadi S, Mohammadi S, Mohammadshahi M, Mohammed M, Mohammed S, Mohammed S, Mohan S, Mojiri-forushani H, Moka N, Mokdad AH, Molinaro S, Möller H, Monasta L, Moniruzzaman M, Montazeri F, Moradi M, Moradi Y, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moraga P, Morovatdar N, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mosser JF, Mossialos E, Motaghinejad M, Mousavi P, Mousavi SE, Mubarik S, Muccioli L, Mughal F, Mukoro GD, Mulita A, Mulita F, Musaigwa F, Mustafa A, Mustafa G, Muthu S, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Nainu F, Nair TS, Najmuldeen HHR, Nakhostin Ansari N, Nambi G, Namdar Areshtanab H, Nargus S, Nascimento BR, Naser AY, Nashwan AJJ, Nasoori H, Nasreldein A, Natto ZS, Nauman J, Nayak BP, Nazri-Panjaki A, Negaresh M, Negash H, Negoi I, Negoi RI, Negru SM, Nejadghaderi SA, Nematollahi MH, Nesbit OD, Newton CRJ, Nguyen DH, Nguyen HTH, Nguyen HQ, Nguyen NTT, Nguyen PT, Nguyen VT, Niazi RK, Nikolouzakis TK, Niranjan V, Nnyanzi LA, Noman EA, Noroozi N, Norrving B, Noubiap JJ, Nri-Ezedi CA, Ntaios G, Nuñez-Samudio V, Nurrika D, Oancea B, Odetokun IA, O'Donnell MJ, Ogunsakin RE, Oguta JO, Oh IH, Okati-Aliabad H, Okeke SR, Okekunle AP, Okonji OC, Okwute PG, Olagunju AT, Olaiya MT, Olana MD, Olatubi MI, Oliveira GMM, Olufadewa II, Olusanya BO, Omar Bali A, Ong S, Onwujekwe OE, Ordak M, Orji AU, Ortega-Altamirano DV, Osuagwu UL, Otstavnov N, Otstavnov SS, Ouyahia A, Owolabi MO, P A MP, Pacheco-Barrios K, Padubidri JR, Pal PK, Palange PN, Palladino C, Palladino R, Palma-Alvarez RF, Pan F, Panagiotakos D, Panda-Jonas S, Pandey A, Pandey A, Pandian JD, Pangaribuan HU, Pantazopoulos I, Pardhan S, Parija PP, Parikh RR, Park S, Parthasarathi A, Pashaei A, Patel J, Patil S, Patoulias D, Pawar S, Pedersini P, Pensato U, Pereira DM, Pereira J, Pereira MO, Peres MFP, Perico N, Perna S, Petcu IR, Petermann-Rocha FE, Pham HT, Phillips MR, Pinilla-Monsalve GD, Piradov MA, Plotnikov E, Poddighe D, Polat B, Poluru R, Pond CD, Poudel GR, Pouramini A, Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Pourfridoni M, Pourtaheri N, Prakash PY, Prakash S, Prakash V, Prates EJS, Pritchett N, Purnobasuki H, Qasim NH, Qattea I, Qian G, Radhakrishnan V, Raee P, Raeisi Shahraki H, Rafique I, Raggi A, Raghav PR, Rahati MM, Rahim F, Rahimi Z, Rahimifard M, Rahman MO, Rahman MHU, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmani AM, Rahmani S, Rahmani Youshanlouei H, Rahmati M, Raj Moolambally S, Rajabpour-Sanati A, Ramadan H, Ramasamy SK, Ramasubramani P, Ramazanu S, Rancic N, Rao IR, Rao SJ, Rapaka D, Rashedi V, Rashid AM, Rashidi MM, Rashidi Alavijeh M, Rasouli-Saravani A, Rawaf S, Razo C, Redwan EMM, Rekabi Bana A, Remuzzi G, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rhee TG, Riad A, Robinson SR, Rodrigues M, Rodriguez JAB, Roever L, Rogowski ELB, Romoli M, Ronfani L, Roy P, Roy Pramanik K, Rubagotti E, Ruiz MA, Russ TC, S Sunnerhagen K, Saad AMA, Saadatian Z, Saber K, SaberiKamarposhti M, Sacco S, Saddik B, Sadeghi E, Sadeghian S, Saeed U, Saeed U, Safdarian M, Safi SZ, Sagar R, Sagoe D, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Sahebkar A, Sahoo SS, Sahraian MA, Sajedi SA, Sakshaug JW, Saleh MA, Salehi Omran H, Salem MR, Salimi S, Samadi Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samargandy S, Samodra YL, Samuel VP, Samy AM, Sanadgol N, Sanjeev RK, Sanmarchi F, Santomauro DF, Santri IN, Santric-Milicevic MM, Saravanan A, Sarveazad A, Satpathy M, Saylan M, Sayyah M, Scarmeas N, Schlaich MP, Schuermans A, Schwarzinger M, Schwebel DC, Selvaraj S, Sendekie AK, Sengupta P, Senthilkumaran S, Serban D, Sergindo MT, Sethi Y, SeyedAlinaghi S, Seylani A, Shabani M, Shabany M, Shafie M, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahid S, Shahraki-Sanavi F, Shahsavari HR, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shaji KS, Sham S, Shama ATT, Shamim MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Sharath M, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Sharma M, Sharma R, Shashamo BB, Shayan M, Sheikhi RA, Shekhar S, Shen J, Shenoy SM, Shetty PH, Shiferaw DS, Shigematsu M, Shiri R, Shittu A, Shivakumar KM, Shokri F, Shool S, Shorofi SA, Shrestha S, Siankam Tankwanchi AB, Siddig EE, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva JP, Silva LMLR, Sinaei E, Singh BB, Singh G, Singh P, Singh S, Sirota SB, Sivakumar S, Sohag AAM, Solanki R, Soleimani H, Solikhah S, Solomon Y, Solomon Y, Song S, Song Y, Sotoudeh H, Spartalis M, Stark BA, Starnes JR, Starodubova AV, Stein DJ, Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sun J, Sunkersing D, Sunny A, Susianti H, Swain CK, Szeto MD, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabatabaei SM, Tabatabai S, Tabish M, Taheri M, Tahvildari A, Tajbakhsh A, Tampa M, Tamuzi JJLL, Tan KK, Tang H, Tareke M, Tarigan IU, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Tavangar SM, Tavasol A, Tefera YM, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temesgen WA, Temsah MH, Teramoto M, Tesfaye AH, Tesfaye EG, Tesler R, Thakali O, Thangaraju P, Thapa R, Thapar R, Thomas NK, Thrift AG, Ticoalu JHV, Tillawi T, Toghroli R, Tonelli M, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran NM, Tran NH, Tran PV, Tromans SJ, Truelsen TC, Truyen TTTT, Tsatsakis A, Tsegay GM, Tsermpini EE, Tualeka AR, Tufa DG, Ubah CS, Udoakang AJ, Ulhaq I, Umair M, Umakanthan S, Umapathi KK, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Vaithinathan AG, Vakilian A, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Vaziri S, Vellingiri B, Venketasubramanian N, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Villafañe JH, Villani L, Vinueza Veloz AF, Viskadourou M, Vladimirov SK, Vlassov V, Volovat SR, Vu LT, Vujcic IS, Wagaye B, Waheed Y, Wahood W, Walde MT, Wang F, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Waqas M, Waris A, Weerakoon KG, Weintraub RG, Weldemariam AH, Westerman R, Whisnant JL, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Willekens B, Wilner LB, Winkler AS, Wolfe CDA, Wu AM, Wulf Hanson S, Xu S, Xu X, Yadollahpour A, Yaghoubi S, Yahya G, Yamagishi K, Yang L, Yano Y, Yao Y, Yehualashet SS, Yeshaneh A, Yesiltepe M, Yi S, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yu C, Yusuf H, Zadey S, Zahedi M, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zali A, Zamagni G, Zand R, Zandieh GGZ, Zangiabadian M, Zarghami A, Zastrozhin MS, Zeariya MGM, Zegeye ZB, Zeukeng F, Zhai C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang ZJ, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhou H, Zhu B, Zhumagaliuly A, Zielińska M, Zikarg YT, Zoladl M, Murray CJL, Ong KL, Feigin VL, Vos T, Dua T. Global, regional, and national burden of disorders affecting the nervous system, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Neurol 2024; 23:344-381. [PMID: 38493795 PMCID: PMC10949203 DOI: 10.1016/s1474-4422(24)00038-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditions in 2015 and 2016, but these analyses did not include neurodevelopmental disorders, as defined by the International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-11, or a subset of cases of congenital, neonatal, and infectious conditions that cause neurological damage. Here, we estimate nervous system health loss caused by 37 unique conditions and their associated risk factors globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021. METHODS We estimated mortality, prevalence, years lived with disability (YLDs), years of life lost (YLLs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), with corresponding 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs), by age and sex in 204 countries and territories, from 1990 to 2021. We included morbidity and deaths due to neurological conditions, for which health loss is directly due to damage to the CNS or peripheral nervous system. We also isolated neurological health loss from conditions for which nervous system morbidity is a consequence, but not the primary feature, including a subset of congenital conditions (ie, chromosomal anomalies and congenital birth defects), neonatal conditions (ie, jaundice, preterm birth, and sepsis), infectious diseases (ie, COVID-19, cystic echinococcosis, malaria, syphilis, and Zika virus disease), and diabetic neuropathy. By conducting a sequela-level analysis of the health outcomes for these conditions, only cases where nervous system damage occurred were included, and YLDs were recalculated to isolate the non-fatal burden directly attributable to nervous system health loss. A comorbidity correction was used to calculate total prevalence of all conditions that affect the nervous system combined. FINDINGS Globally, the 37 conditions affecting the nervous system were collectively ranked as the leading group cause of DALYs in 2021 (443 million, 95% UI 378-521), affecting 3·40 billion (3·20-3·62) individuals (43·1%, 40·5-45·9 of the global population); global DALY counts attributed to these conditions increased by 18·2% (8·7-26·7) between 1990 and 2021. Age-standardised rates of deaths per 100 000 people attributed to these conditions decreased from 1990 to 2021 by 33·6% (27·6-38·8), and age-standardised rates of DALYs attributed to these conditions decreased by 27·0% (21·5-32·4). Age-standardised prevalence was almost stable, with a change of 1·5% (0·7-2·4). The ten conditions with the highest age-standardised DALYs in 2021 were stroke, neonatal encephalopathy, migraine, Alzheimer's disease and other dementias, diabetic neuropathy, meningitis, epilepsy, neurological complications due to preterm birth, autism spectrum disorder, and nervous system cancer. INTERPRETATION As the leading cause of overall disease burden in the world, with increasing global DALY counts, effective prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation strategies for disorders affecting the nervous system are needed. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Ledesma JR, Ma J, Zhang M, Basting AVL, Chu HT, Vongpradith A, Novotney A, LeGrand KE, Xu YY, Dai X, Nicholson SI, Stafford LK, Carter A, Ross JM, Abbastabar H, Abdoun M, Abdulah DM, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abrha WA, Abubaker Ali H, Abu-Gharbieh E, Aburuz S, Addo IY, Adepoju AV, Adhikari K, Adnani QES, Adra S, Afework A, Aghamiri S, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad D, Ahmad S, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmed H, Ahmed M, Ahmed A, Akinosoglou K, AL-Ahdal TMA, Alam N, Albashtawy M, AlBataineh MT, Al-Gheethi AAS, Ali A, Ali EA, Ali L, Ali Z, Ali SSS, Allel K, Altaf A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alvis-Guzman N, Alvis-Zakzuk NJ, Amani R, Amusa GA, Amzat J, Andrews JR, Anil A, Anwer R, Aravkin AY, Areda D, Artamonov AA, Aruleba RT, Asemahagn MA, Atre SR, Aujayeb A, Azadi D, Azadnajafabad S, Azzam AY, Badar M, Badiye AD, Bagherieh S, Bahadorikhalili S, Baig AA, Banach M, Banik B, Bardhan M, Barqawi HJ, Basharat Z, Baskaran P, Basu S, Beiranvand M, Belete MA, Belew MA, Belgaumi UI, Beloukas A, Bettencourt PJG, Bhagavathula AS, Bhardwaj N, Bhardwaj P, Bhargava A, Bhat V, Bhatti JS, Bhatti GK, Bikbov B, Bitra VR, Bjegovic-Mikanovic V, Buonsenso D, Burkart K, Bustanji Y, Butt ZA, Camargos P, Cao Y, Carr S, Carvalho F, Cegolon L, Cenderadewi M, Cevik M, Chahine Y, Chattu VK, Ching PR, Chopra H, Chung E, Claassens MM, Coberly K, Cruz-Martins N, Dabo B, Dadana S, Dadras O, Darban I, Darega Gela J, Darwesh AM, Dashti M, Demessa BH, Demisse B, Demissie S, Derese AMA, Deribe K, Desai HD, Devanbu VGC, Dhali A, Dhama K, Dhingra S, Do THP, Dongarwar D, Dsouza HL, Dube J, Dziedzic AM, Ed-Dra A, Efendi F, Effendi DE, Eftekharimehrabad A, Ekadinata N, Ekundayo TC, Elhadi M, Elilo LT, Emeto TI, Engelbert Bain L, Fagbamigbe AF, Fahim A, Feizkhah A, Fetensa G, Fischer F, Gaipov A, Gandhi AP, Gautam RK, Gebregergis MW, Gebrehiwot M, Gebrekidan KG, Ghaffari K, Ghassemi F, Ghazy RM, Goodridge A, Goyal A, Guan SY, Gudeta MD, Guled RA, Gultom NB, Gupta VB, Gupta VK, Gupta S, Hagins H, Hailu SG, Hailu WB, Hamidi S, Hanif A, Harapan H, Hasan RS, Hassan S, Haubold J, Hezam K, Hong SH, Horita N, Hossain MB, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Huynh HH, Ibitoye SE, Ikuta KS, Ilic IM, Ilic MD, Islam MR, Ismail NE, Ismail F, Jafarzadeh A, Jakovljevic M, Jalili M, Janodia MD, Jomehzadeh N, Jonas JB, Joseph N, Joshua CE, Kabir Z, Kamble BD, Kanchan T, Kandel H, Kanmodi KK, Kantar RS, Karaye IM, Karimi Behnagh A, Kassa GG, Kaur RJ, Kaur N, Khajuria H, Khamesipour F, Khan YH, Khan MN, Khan Suheb MZ, Khatab K, Khatami F, Kim MS, Kosen S, Koul PA, Koulmane Laxminarayana SL, Krishan K, Kucuk Bicer B, Kuddus MA, Kulimbet M, Kumar N, Lal DK, Landires I, Latief K, Le TDT, Le TTT, Ledda C, Lee M, Lee SW, Lerango TL, Lim SS, Liu C, Liu X, Lopukhov PD, Luo H, Lv H, Mahajan PB, Mahboobipour AA, Majeed A, Malakan Rad E, Malhotra K, Malik MSA, Malinga LA, Mallhi TH, Manilal A, Martinez-Guerra BA, Martins-Melo FR, Marzo RR, Masoumi-Asl H, Mathur V, Maude RJ, Mehrotra R, Memish ZA, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Merza MA, Mestrovic T, Mhlanga L, Misra S, Misra AK, Mithra P, Moazen B, Mohammed H, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Moore CE, Mousavi P, Mulita F, Musaigwa F, Muthusamy R, Nagarajan AJ, Naghavi P, Naik GR, Naik G, Nair S, Nair TS, Natto ZS, Nayak BP, Negash H, Nguyen DH, Nguyen VT, Niazi RK, Nnaji CA, Nnyanzi LA, Noman EA, Nomura S, Oancea B, Obamiro KO, Odetokun IA, Odo DBO, Odukoya OO, Oh IH, Okereke CO, Okonji OC, Oren E, Ortiz-Brizuela E, Osuagwu UL, Ouyahia A, P A MP, Parija PP, Parikh RR, Park S, Parthasarathi A, Patil S, Pawar S, Peng M, Pepito VCF, Peprah P, Perdigão J, Perico N, Pham HT, Postma MJ, Prabhu ARA, Prasad M, Prashant A, Prates EJS, Rahim F, Rahman M, Rahman MA, Rahmati M, Rajaa S, Ramasamy SK, Rao IR, Rao SJ, Rapaka D, Rashid AM, Ratan ZA, Ravikumar N, Rawaf S, Reddy MMRK, Redwan EMM, Remuzzi G, Reyes LF, Rezaei N, Rezaeian M, Rezahosseini O, Rodrigues M, Roy P, Ruela GDA, Sabour S, Saddik B, Saeed U, Safi SZ, Saheb Sharif-Askari N, Saheb Sharif-Askari F, Sahebkar A, Sahiledengle B, Sahoo SS, Salam N, Salami AA, Saleem S, Saleh MA, Samadi Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samodra YL, Sanjeev RK, Saravanan A, Sawyer SM, Selvaraj S, Senapati S, Senthilkumaran S, Shah PA, Shahid S, Shaikh MA, Sham S, Shamshirgaran MA, Shanawaz M, Sharath M, Sherchan SP, Shetty RS, Shirzad-Aski H, Shittu A, Siddig EE, Silva JP, Singh S, Singh P, Singh H, Singh JA, Siraj MS, Siswanto S, Solanki R, Solomon Y, Soriano JB, Sreeramareddy CT, Srivastava VK, Steiropoulos P, Swain CK, Tabuchi T, Tampa M, Tamuzi JJLL, Tat NY, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Teklay G, Tesfaye EG, Tessema B, Thangaraju P, Thapar R, Thum CCC, Ticoalu JHV, Tleyjeh IM, Tobe-Gai R, Toma TM, Tram KH, Udoakang AJ, Umar TP, Umeokonkwo CD, Vahabi SM, Vaithinathan AG, van Boven JFM, Varthya SB, Wang Z, Warsame MSA, Westerman R, Wonde TE, Yaghoubi S, Yi S, Yiğit V, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, Yu C, Zakham F, Zangiabadian M, Zeukeng F, Zhang H, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zielińska M, Salomon JA, Reiner Jr RC, Naghavi M, Vos T, Hay SI, Murray CJL, Kyu HH. Global, regional, and national age-specific progress towards the 2020 milestones of the WHO End TB Strategy: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet Infect Dis 2024:S1473-3099(24)00007-0. [PMID: 38518787 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(24)00007-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global evaluations of the progress towards the WHO End TB Strategy 2020 interim milestones on mortality (35% reduction) and incidence (20% reduction) have not been age specific. We aimed to assess global, regional, and national-level burdens of and trends in tuberculosis and its risk factors across five separate age groups, from 1990 to 2021, and to report on age-specific progress between 2015 and 2020. METHODS We used the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2021 (GBD 2021) analytical framework to compute age-specific tuberculosis mortality and incidence estimates for 204 countries and territories (1990-2021 inclusive). We quantified tuberculosis mortality among individuals without HIV co-infection using 22 603 site-years of vital registration data, 1718 site-years of verbal autopsy data, 825 site-years of sample-based vital registration data, 680 site-years of mortality surveillance data, and 9 site-years of minimally invasive tissue sample (MITS) diagnoses data as inputs into the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling platform. Age-specific HIV and tuberculosis deaths were established with a population attributable fraction approach. We analysed all available population-based data sources, including prevalence surveys, annual case notifications, tuberculin surveys, and tuberculosis mortality, in DisMod-MR 2.1 to produce internally consistent age-specific estimates of tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality. We also estimated age-specific tuberculosis mortality without HIV co-infection that is attributable to the independent and combined effects of three risk factors (smoking, alcohol use, and diabetes). As a secondary analysis, we examined the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis mortality without HIV co-infection by comparing expected tuberculosis deaths, modelled with trends in tuberculosis deaths from 2015 to 2019 in vital registration data, with observed tuberculosis deaths in 2020 and 2021 for countries with available cause-specific mortality data. FINDINGS We estimated 9·40 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 8·36 to 10·5) tuberculosis incident cases and 1·35 million (1·23 to 1·52) deaths due to tuberculosis in 2021. At the global level, the all-age tuberculosis incidence rate declined by 6·26% (5·27 to 7·25) between 2015 and 2020 (the WHO End TB strategy evaluation period). 15 of 204 countries achieved a 20% decrease in all-age tuberculosis incidence between 2015 and 2020, eight of which were in western sub-Saharan Africa. When stratified by age, global tuberculosis incidence rates decreased by 16·5% (14·8 to 18·4) in children younger than 5 years, 16·2% (14·2 to 17·9) in those aged 5-14 years, 6·29% (5·05 to 7·70) in those aged 15-49 years, 5·72% (4·02 to 7·39) in those aged 50-69 years, and 8·48% (6·74 to 10·4) in those aged 70 years and older, from 2015 to 2020. Global tuberculosis deaths decreased by 11·9% (5·77 to 17·0) from 2015 to 2020. 17 countries attained a 35% reduction in deaths due to tuberculosis between 2015 and 2020, most of which were in eastern Europe (six countries) and central Europe (four countries). There was variable progress by age: a 35·3% (26·7 to 41·7) decrease in tuberculosis deaths in children younger than 5 years, a 29·5% (25·5 to 34·1) decrease in those aged 5-14 years, a 15·2% (10·0 to 20·2) decrease in those aged 15-49 years, a 7·97% (0·472 to 14·1) decrease in those aged 50-69 years, and a 3·29% (-5·56 to 9·07) decrease in those aged 70 years and older. Removing the combined effects of the three attributable risk factors would have reduced the number of all-age tuberculosis deaths from 1·39 million (1·28 to 1·54) to 1·00 million (0·703 to 1·23) in 2020, representing a 36·5% (21·5 to 54·8) reduction in tuberculosis deaths compared to those observed in 2015. 41 countries were included in our analysis of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on tuberculosis deaths without HIV co-infection in 2020, and 20 countries were included in the analysis for 2021. In 2020, 50 900 (95% CI 49 700 to 52 400) deaths were expected across all ages, compared to an observed 45 500 deaths, corresponding to 5340 (4070 to 6920) fewer deaths; in 2021, 39 600 (38 300 to 41 100) deaths were expected across all ages compared to an observed 39 000 deaths, corresponding to 657 (-713 to 2180) fewer deaths. INTERPRETATION Despite accelerated progress in reducing the global burden of tuberculosis in the past decade, the world did not attain the first interim milestones of the WHO End TB Strategy in 2020. The pace of decline has been unequal with respect to age, with older adults (ie, those aged >50 years) having the slowest progress. As countries refine their national tuberculosis programmes and recalibrate for achieving the 2035 targets, they could consider learning from the strategies of countries that achieved the 2020 milestones, as well as consider targeted interventions to improve outcomes in older age groups. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Schumacher AE, Kyu HH, Aali A, Abbafati C, Abbas J, Abbasgholizadeh R, Abbasi MA, Abbasian M, Abd ElHafeez S, Abdelmasseh M, Abd-Elsalam S, Abdelwahab A, Abdollahi M, Abdoun M, Abdullahi A, Abdurehman AM, Abebe M, Abedi A, Abedi A, Abegaz TM, Abeldaño Zuñiga RA, Abhilash ES, Abiodun OO, Aboagye RG, Abolhassani H, Abouzid M, Abreu LG, Abrha WA, Abrigo MRM, Abtahi D, Abu Rumeileh S, Abu-Rmeileh NME, Aburuz S, Abu-Zaid A, Acuna JM, Adair T, Addo IY, Adebayo OM, Adegboye OA, Adekanmbi V, Aden B, Adepoju AV, Adetunji CO, Adeyeoluwa TE, Adeyomoye OI, Adha R, Adibi A, Adikusuma W, Adnani QES, Adra S, Afework A, Afolabi AA, Afraz A, Afyouni S, Afzal S, Agasthi P, Aghamiri S, Agodi A, Agyemang-Duah W, Ahinkorah BO, Ahmad A, Ahmad D, Ahmad F, Ahmad MM, Ahmad T, Ahmadi K, Ahmadzade AM, Ahmadzade M, Ahmed A, Ahmed H, Ahmed LA, Ahmed MB, Ahmed SA, Ajami M, Aji B, Ajumobi O, Akalu GT, Akara EM, Akinosoglou K, Akkala S, Akyirem S, Al Hamad H, Al Hasan SM, Al Homsi A, Al Qadire M, Ala M, Aladelusi TO, 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Salami AA, Salaroli LB, Saleh MA, Salehi S, Salem MR, Salem MZY, Salimi S, Samadi Kafil H, Samadzadeh S, Samara KA, Samargandy S, Samodra YL, Samuel VP, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Sanadgol N, Sanganyado E, Sanjeev RK, Sanmarchi F, Sanna F, Santri IN, Santric-Milicevic MM, Sarasmita MA, Saravanan A, Saravi B, Sarikhani Y, Sarkar C, Sarmiento-Suárez R, Sarode GS, Sarode SC, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Sathish T, Sattin D, Saulam J, Sawyer SM, Saxena S, Saya GK, Sayadi Y, Sayeed A, Sayeed MA, Saylan M, Scarmeas N, Schaarschmidt BM, Schlee W, Schmidt MI, Schuermans A, Schwebel DC, Schwendicke F, Šekerija M, Selvaraj S, Semreen MH, Senapati S, Sengupta P, Senthilkumaran S, Sepanlou SG, Serban D, Sertsu A, Sethi Y, SeyedAlinaghi S, Seyedi SA, Shafaat A, Shafaat O, Shafie M, Shafiee A, Shah NS, Shah PA, Shahabi S, Shahbandi A, Shahid I, Shahid S, Shahid W, Shahwan MJ, Shaikh MA, Shakeri A, Shakil H, Sham S, Shamim MA, Shams-Beyranvand M, Shamshad H, Shamshirgaran MA, Shamsi MA, Shanawaz M, Shankar A, Sharfaei S, Sharifan A, Shariff M, Sharifi-Rad J, Sharma M, Sharma R, Sharma S, Sharma V, Shastry RP, Shavandi A, Shaw DH, Shayan AM, Shehabeldine AME, Sheikh A, Sheikhi RA, Shen J, Shenoy MM, Shetty BSK, Shetty RS, Shey RA, Shiani A, Shibuya K, Shiferaw D, Shigematsu M, Shin JI, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shirkoohi R, Shittu A, Shiue I, Shivakumar KM, Shivarov V, Shool S, Shrestha S, Shuja KH, Shuval K, Si Y, Sibhat MM, Siddig EE, Sigfusdottir ID, Silva JP, Silva LMLR, Silva S, Simões JP, Simpson CR, Singal A, Singh A, Singh A, Singh A, Singh BB, Singh B, Singh M, Singh M, Singh NP, Singh P, Singh S, Siraj MS, Sitas F, Sivakumar S, Skryabin VY, Skryabina AA, Sleet DA, Slepak ELN, Sohrabi H, Soleimani H, Soliman SSM, Solmi M, Solomon Y, Song Y, Sorensen RJD, Soriano JB, Soyiri IN, Spartalis M, Sreeramareddy CT, Starnes JR, Starodubov VI, Starodubova AV, Stefan SC, Stein DJ, Steinbeis F, Steiropoulos P, Stockfelt L, Stokes MA, Stortecky S, Stranges S, Stroumpoulis K, Suleman M, Suliankatchi Abdulkader R, Sultana A, Sun J, Sunkersing D, Susanty S, Swain CK, Sykes BL, Szarpak L, Szeto MD, Szócska M, Tabaee Damavandi P, Tabatabaei Malazy O, Tabatabaeizadeh SA, Tabatabai S, Tabb KM, Tabish M, Taborda-Barata LM, Tabuchi T, Tadesse BT, Taheri A, Taheri Abkenar Y, Taheri Soodejani M, Taherkhani A, Taiba J, Tajbakhsh A, Talaat IM, Talukder A, Tamuzi JL, Tan KK, Tang H, Tang HK, Tat NY, Tat VY, Tavakoli Oliaee R, Tavangar SM, Taveira N, Tebeje TM, Tefera YM, Teimoori M, Temsah MH, Temsah RMH, Teramoto M, Tesfaye SH, Thangaraju P, Thankappan KR, Thapa R, Thapar R, Thomas N, Thrift AG, Thum CCC, Tian J, Tichopad A, Ticoalu JHV, Tiruye TY, Tohidast SA, Tonelli M, Touvier M, Tovani-Palone MR, Tram KH, Tran NM, Trico D, Trihandini I, Tromans SJ, Truong VT, Truyen TTTT, Tsermpini EE, Tumurkhuu M, Tung K, Tyrovolas S, Ubah CS, Udoakang AJ, Udoh A, Ulhaq I, Ullah S, Ullah S, Umair M, Umar TP, Umeokonkwo CD, Umesh A, Unim B, Unnikrishnan B, Upadhyay E, Urso D, Vacante M, Vahdani AM, Vaithinathan AG, Valadan Tahbaz S, Valizadeh R, Van den Eynde J, Varavikova E, Varga O, Varma SA, Vart P, Varthya SB, Vasankari TJ, Veerman LJ, Venketasubramanian N, Venugopal D, Verghese NA, Verma M, Verma P, Veroux M, Verras GI, Vervoort D, Vieira RJ, Villafañe JH, Villani L, Villanueva GI, Villeneuve PJ, Violante FS, Visontay R, Vlassov V, Vo B, Vollset SE, Volovat SR, Volovici V, Vongpradith A, Vos T, Vujcic IS, Vukovic R, Wado YD, Wafa HA, Waheed Y, Wamai RG, Wang C, Wang D, Wang F, Wang S, Wang S, Wang Y, Wang YP, Ward P, Watson S, Weaver MR, Weerakoon KG, Weiss DJ, Weldemariam AH, Wells KM, Wen YF, Werdecker A, Westerman R, Wickramasinghe DP, Wickramasinghe ND, Wijeratne T, Wilson S, Wojewodzic MW, Wool EE, Woolf AD, Wu D, Wulandari RD, Xiao H, Xu B, Xu X, Yadav L, Yaghoubi S, Yang L, Yano Y, Yao Y, Ye P, Yesera GE, Yesodharan R, Yesuf SA, Yiğit A, Yiğit V, Yip P, Yon DK, Yonemoto N, You Y, Younis MZ, Yu C, Zadey S, Zadnik V, Zafari N, Zahedi M, Zahid MN, Zahir M, Zakham F, Zaki N, Zakzuk J, Zamagni G, Zaman BA, Zaman SB, Zamora N, Zand R, Zandi M, Zandieh GGZ, Zanghì A, Zare I, Zastrozhin MS, Zeariya MGM, Zeng Y, Zhai C, Zhang C, Zhang H, Zhang H, Zhang Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zheng P, Zhong C, Zhou J, Zhu B, Zhu Z, Ziaeefar P, Zielińska M, Zou Z, Zumla A, Zweck E, Zyoud SH, Lim SS, Murray CJL. Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950-2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021. Lancet 2024:S0140-6736(24)00476-8. [PMID: 38484753 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(24)00476-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020-21 COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. FINDINGS Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5-65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020-21; 5·1% [0·9-9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98-5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50-6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126-137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7-17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8-24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7-51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9-72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0-2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67-8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4-52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0-44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. INTERPRETATION Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic. FUNDING Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
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Bui HB, Lai HT, Nguyen TL, Vu TD, Bui NL, Nguyen VH, Tran TTC, Nguyen TPT, Nguyen TNL, Al-Tawfiq JA, Chu DT. The impact of COVID-19 and other factors on the usage status of the biologic drug therapies for rheumatoid arthritis: A study from Vietnam. Reumatol Clin (Engl Ed) 2024; 20:128-135. [PMID: 38494304 DOI: 10.1016/j.reumae.2024.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the status of using biological Disease Modifying Anti Rheumatic Drugs (bDMARDs) to treat rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and related factors. In addition, the study determined the impact of COVID-19 on the usage of bDMARDs. METHODS This is a cross-sectional study and included 219 RA patients over 18 years old. The Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test (p<0.05) were used to estimate the retention time and compare between different times. Cox regression analysis was used to determine the factors affecting the retention time of biological drugs (p<0.05). RESULTS Out of 1967 courses of treatment, there were 149 (7.6%) drug discontinuations, 760 (38.6%) doses extensions and 64 (3.3%) drug switch. Moderate disease level and choosing tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors initially were associated with retention time of COVID-19. Drug discontinuations and dose extensions increased after COVID-19 emergence. The retention time during COVID-19 was significantly different from that of pre-COVID-19. Gender, type of first-used bDMARD, conventional synthetic DMARDs (csDMARDs) and corticoid usage status, disease activity levels were associated with retention time. CONCLUSION The presence of COVID-19 has a significant effect on usage status of the biologic drug. Further longitudinal studies are needed to clarify the relationship between COVID-19 and drug usage as well as related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Binh Bui
- Department of Rheumatology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Hong-Thinh Lai
- Department of Neurology and Rheumatology, Ha Nam Provincial General Hospital, Hanam, Viet Nam
| | - Thanh-Lam Nguyen
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Thuy-Duong Vu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Nhat-Le Bui
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Van-Hung Nguyen
- Department of Rheumatology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Internal Medicine Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | - Thi-To-Chau Tran
- Department of Rheumatology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam
| | - Thi-Phuong-Thuy Nguyen
- Department of Rheumatology, Bach Mai Hospital, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Internal Medicine Department, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
| | | | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi 100000, Viet Nam.
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Nguyen DH, Uddin MJ, Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA, Chu DT. RNA therapeutics for diarrhea. Prog Mol Biol Transl Sci 2024; 204:295-309. [PMID: 38458741 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Diarrhea is caused by a variety of bacterial and viral agents, inflammatory conditions, medications, and hereditary conditions. Secretory diarrhea involves several ion and solute transporters, activation of the cyclic nucleotide and Ca2+ signaling pathways, as well as intestinal epithelial secretion. In many cases of secretory diarrhea, activation of Cl- channels, such as the cystic transmembrane conduction regulator and the Ca2+stimulated Cl- channel fibrosis, promote secretion while concurrently inhibiting Na+ transport expressing fluid absorption. Current diarrhea therapies include rehydration and electrolyte replacement via oral rehydration solutions, as well as medications that target peristalsis or fluid secretion. The rising understanding of RNA function and its importance in illness has encouraged the use of various RNAs to operate selectively on "untreatable" proteins, transcripts, and genes. Some RNA-based medications have received clinical approval, while others are currently in research or preclinical studies. Despite major obstacles in the development of RNA-based therapies, many approaches have been investigated to improve intracellular RNA trafficking and metabolic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Md Jamal Uddin
- ABEx Bio-Research Center, East Azampur, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Director Research and Innovation Centre, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health and College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Ebrahim SH, Memish ZA. Preventing Antimicrobial Resistance Together: Reflections on AMR Week 2023. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2024:10.1007/s44197-023-00178-1. [PMID: 38190048 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00178-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shahul H Ebrahim
- University of Sciences, Technique and Technology of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Ziad A Memish
- King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health & College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Erdem H, Al-Tawfiq JA, Abid M, Yahia WB, Akafity G, Ramadan ME, Amer F, El-Kholy A, Hakamifard A, Rahimi BA, Dayyab F, Caskurlu H, Khedr R, Tahir M, Zambrano L, Khan MA, Raza A, El-Sayed NM, Baymakova M, Yalci A, Cag Y, Elbahr U, Ikram A. Infectious causes of fever of unknown origin in developing countries: An international ID-IRI study. J Intensive Med 2024; 4:94-100. [PMID: 38263972 PMCID: PMC10800762 DOI: 10.1016/j.jointm.2023.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
Background Fever of unknown origin (FUO) in developing countries is an important dilemma and further research is needed to elucidate the infectious causes of FUO. Methods A multi-center study for infectious causes of FUO in lower middle-income countries (LMIC) and low-income countries (LIC) was conducted between January 1, 2018 and January 1, 2023. In total, 15 participating centers from seven different countries provided the data, which were collected through the Infectious Diseases-International Research Initiative platform. Only adult patients with confirmed infection as the cause of FUO were included in the study. The severity parameters were quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA) ≥2, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, vasopressor use, and invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV). Results A total of 160 patients with infectious FUO were included in the study. Overall, 148 (92.5%) patients had community-acquired infections and 12 (7.5%) had hospital-acquired infections. The most common infectious syndromes were tuberculosis (TB) (n=27, 16.9%), infective endocarditis (n=25, 15.6%), malaria (n=21, 13.1%), brucellosis (n=15, 9.4%), and typhoid fever (n=9, 5.6%). Plasmodium falciparum, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Brucellae, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi, and Rickettsiae were the leading infectious agents in this study. A total of 56 (35.0%) cases had invasive procedures for diagnosis. The mean qSOFA score was 0.76±0.94 {median (interquartile range [IQR]): 0 (0-1)}. ICU admission (n=26, 16.2%), vasopressor use (n=14, 8.8%), and IMV (n=10, 6.3%) were not rare. Overall, 38 (23.8%) patients had at least one of the severity parameters. The mortality rate was 15 (9.4%), and the mortality was attributable to the infection causing FUO in 12 (7.5%) patients. Conclusions In LMIC and LIC, tuberculosis and cardiac infections were the most severe and the leading infections causing FUO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Erdem
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Turkish Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maha Abid
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar Medical School, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wissal Ben Yahia
- Internal Medicine Department, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Ibn El Jazzar Medical School, University of Sousse, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | | | - Fatma Amer
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Amani El-Kholy
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Atousa Hakamifard
- Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Bilal Ahmad Rahimi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Kandahar University Medical Faculty, Teaching Hospital, Kandahar, Afghanistan
| | - Farouq Dayyab
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Mohammed Bn Khalifa Bn Salman Alkhalifa Specialist Cardiac Center, Awali, Bahrain
| | - Hulya Caskurlu
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reham Khedr
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Institute – Cairo University, Children Cancer Hospital Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Muhammad Tahir
- Department of Medicine, Federal General Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Lysien Zambrano
- Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), Scientific Research Unit (UIC), Faculty of Medical Sciences (FCM), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - Aun Raza
- Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital and Research Center, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Magdalena Baymakova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Aysun Yalci
- Department of Infectious Diseases & Clinical Microbiology, Gulhane School of Medicine, Turkish Health Sciences University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Cag
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Umran Elbahr
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Bahrain Oncology Center, King Hamad University Hospital, Al Muharraq, Bahrain
| | - Aamer Ikram
- National Institute of Health, Islamabad, Pakistan
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AlBahrani S, Al Otaibi TO, Alqahtani JS, AlZahrani SJ, Sharbini DA, AlMuyidi FW, Alotaibi AO, Olayan OAA, AlMasoud SF, Bo Obaid MAH, Altawfiq KJA, Jebakumar AZ, Al-Tawfiq JA. The impact of non-pharmacologic interventions on respiratory syncytial virus hospitalization during the COVID-19 pandemic: A retrospective study from Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2024; 17:96-101. [PMID: 37992439 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) are frequently observed in infants and young children. The dynamics and transmission of ARTIs have been significantly impacted by the global COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the change in admission rates of Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) in a hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODS The study included hospitalized pediatric patients who underwent RSV testing in three periods: pre-pandemic (2019), during the pandemic (2020-2021), and the immediate post-pandemic (2022). RSV testing was conducted using either PCR or antigen tests. RESULTS Between January 2019 to December 2022, out of 927 tested patients, 173 (18.7%) were positive for RSV. The yearly positivity rates were as follows: 42 (35.6%) of 118, 24 (33.3%) of 72, 15 (18.5%) of 81, and 92 (14%) of 656, yearly from 2019 to 2022, respectively (P < 0.00001). Among all cases, 150 (16.2%) required hospitalization, including 94 (62.7%) males and 56 (37.3%) females. The admission rate to the intensive care unit (ICU) was 25 (16.7%), and mechanical ventilation was required for 10 (6.6%) patients. The overall case fatality rate was 0.7%. A Binary logistic regression analysis showed upper respiratory tract symptoms were more common in patients admitted in 2019 compared to 2022 (odd ratio:20.9, 95% CI: 4.2-104.1, P value < 0.0001). CONCLUSION The study showed that there were differences in RSV infection before and after COVID-19. Understanding how COVID-19 mitigation measures affect RSV transmission can aid in the development of effective prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma AlBahrani
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, College of medicine-Imam Abdulrahaman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jaber S Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Dalal Ahmad Sharbini
- Immunology and serology Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Suliman Fahad AlMasoud
- Molecular laboratory department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Adly HM, Saleh SAK, Garout MA, Abdulkhaliq AA, Khafagy AA, Saati AA, AlJahdali IA, Alandiyjany MN, Al-Tawfiq JA. Post COVID-19 Symptoms Among Infected Vaccinated Individuals: A Cross-Sectional Study in Saudi Arabia. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:740-750. [PMID: 37665505 PMCID: PMC10686930 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple studies investigated the endurance and occurrence of symptoms three months after SARS-CoV-2 infection. This study examines the possible effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the persistence of post-recovery symptoms. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Saudi Arabia to evaluate 14 prevalent long COVID-19 symptoms among vaccinated individuals. Patients self-reported their acute COVID-19 experience, demographic information, chronic conditions, vaccine history, and persistent symptoms. RESULTS Of the 484 patients, four respondents were excluded from the study as they had not received the vaccine, and 111 (23.1%) were vaccinated but did not get infected and were also excluded. The remaining 369 (76.9%) reported COVID-19 and a vaccination and thus they were included in the study. The occurrence of post-COVID-19 symptoms was reported in 59 (16.1%) for ≤ 3 months, 202 (54.8%) experienced persistent symptoms 3-6 months, and 108 (29.1%) reported symptoms lasting > 6 months. In relation to age group, persistent symptoms 3-6 months after recovery was more common in those > 50 years and symptoms lasting > 6 months were more common in 30-50 years of age (p < 0.001). Persistence of symptoms for 3-6 months was more common in those who were infected prior to vaccination compared to those who were infected after vaccination (P < 0.001). Of the included patients, 323 (87.5%) rated their health as good, 41 (11.1%) considered it fair, and 5 (1.4%) described their well-being as poor or terrible. CONCLUSION The study provides information of persistent symptoms in vaccinated individuals who had recovered from COVID-19 and highlights the need for targeted interventions to alleviate post-COVID-19 symptoms. The study is limited by its reliance on self-reported data and potential selection bias. Future research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying persistent symptoms in vaccinated individuals and to identify effective interventions for long COVID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heba M Adly
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A K Saleh
- Biochemisty Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Oncology Diagnostic Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammed A Garout
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Altaf A Abdulkhaliq
- Biochemisty Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Khafagy
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Saati
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad A AlJahdali
- Community Medicine and Pilgrims Healthcare Department, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maher N Alandiyjany
- Laboratory Medicine Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, 21955, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
- Quality and Development Affair, Batterjee Medical College, 21442, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Li P, Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA, Pan Q. Preventing drug resistance: combination treatment for mpox. Lancet 2023; 402:1750-1751. [PMID: 37951686 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(23)01673-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015, Netherlands
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015, Netherlands.
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17
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Sandeep M, Padhi BK, Yella SST, Sruthi KG, Venkatesan RG, Krishna Sasanka KBS, Satapathy P, Mohanty A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Iqhrammullah M, Rabaan AA, Kabi A, Sah S, Rustagi S, Al-Qaim ZH, Barboza JJ, Waheed Y, Harapan H, Sah R. Myocarditis manifestations in dengue cases: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1761-1768. [PMID: 37738692 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dengue fever is a zoonotic viral infection that raises a global alarm in the tropics and subtropics, with the potentially escalating into newer geographical regions. Severe dengue may be associated with fatal complications such as myocarditis. There is a paucity of available data on the prevalence of dengue-associated myocarditis. The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to estimate the global prevalence of dengue-associated myocarditis. METHODS A systematic search was conducted utilizing the Cochrane library, PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest, Web of Science, and Preprint servers such as arXiv, medRxiv, bioRxiv, BioRN, ChiRN, ChiRxiv, and SSRN as of November 25, 2022. All primary studies (case series, cross-sectional, retrospective, and prospective) that reported confirmed cases of dengue myocarditis were included. The I2 statistic test assessed the heterogenic characteristics and publication bias was evaluated using Doi plot and Egger regression tests. RESULTS A total of 12 studies conducted between 2007 and 2022 with 2795 laboratory-confirmed dengue patients were included. Of the included cases, 502 were positive for myocarditis, with a prevalence of 2.4-78%. The pooled prevalence of dengue-induced myocarditis in the studied population was 21.0% (95% CI, 9 - 38%). The prediction interval was estimated to be 0.00 - 0.81. CONCLUSION Myocarditis in dengue patients is a significant and understudied complication in many aspects. To prevent dengue-associated myocarditis, appropriate measures such as early detection of cases and signs, symptoms-based diagnosis via electrocardiography and echocardiography, as well as relevant vector control policies must be implemented.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bijaya K Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - K G Sruthi
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | | | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, and Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Muhammad Iqhrammullah
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh 23245, Indonesia; Innovative Sustainability Lab, PT. Biham Riset dan Edukasi, Banda Aceh 23243, Indonesia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Ankita Kabi
- Department of Anaesthesia and Critical Care, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh 273008, India
| | - Sanjit Sah
- Research Scientist, Global Consortium for Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha 442001, India; SR Sanjeevani Hospital, Kalyanpur-11, Siraha, Nepal
| | - Sarvesh Rustagi
- School of Applied and Life Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Zahraa Haleem Al-Qaim
- Department of Anesthesia Techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, 51001 Hilla, Babylon, Iraq
| | - Joshuan J Barboza
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad César Vallejo, Trujillo 13007, Peru.
| | - Yasir Waheed
- Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization (ORIC), Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos 1401, Lebanon
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Tropical Disease Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Tsunami and Disaster Mitigation Research Center (TDMRC), Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu 44600, Nepal; Department of Clinical Microbiology, Dr.D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, D.Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411000, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India.
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18
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Kamal MA, Farahat RA, Awad AK, Tabassum S, Labieb F, Bejan CA, Al-Tawfiq JA, Dhama K, Dergaa I. Global trends of monkeypox-related articles: A bibliometric analysis over the last five decades (1964 - July 14, 2022). J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1333-1340. [PMID: 37429097 PMCID: PMC10236922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The first human monkeypox (MPX) case was identified in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) in 1970 with an outbreak in 2010 and the first human MPX case in the UK in 2022. In this study, we conducted a bibliometric analysis of the literature on monkeypox based on the Web of Science Core Collection (WOSCC) of the Institute for Scientific Information (ISI) to identify relevant topics and trends in monkeypox research. METHODS We searched the Web of Science from 1964 until July 14, 2022, for all publications using the keywords "Monkeypox" and "Monkeypox virus." Results were compared using numerous bibliometric methodologies and stratified by journal, author, year, institution, and country-specific metrics. RESULTS Out of 1170 publications initially selected, 1163 entered our analysis, with 65.26 % (n = 759) being original research articles and 9.37 % (n = 109) being review articles. Most MPX publications were in 2010, with 6.02 % (n = 70), followed by 2009 and 2022 at 5.67 % (n = 66) each. The USA was the country with the highest number of publications, with n = 662 (56.92 %) of total publications, followed by Germany with n = 82 (7.05 %), the UK with n = 74 (6.36 %), and Congo with n = 65 (5.59 %). Journal of Virology published the highest number of MPX publications, followed by Virology Journal and Emerging Infectious Diseases with n = 52 (9.25 %), n = 43 (7.65 %), and n = 32 (5.69 %) publications, respectively. The top contributing institutions were the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH)National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID). CONCLUSION Our analysis provides an objective and robust overview of the current literature on MPX and its global trends; this information could serve as a reference guide for those aiming to conduct further MPX-related research and as a source for those seeking information about MPX.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramadan A Farahat
- Faculty of Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh 33511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K Awad
- Faculty of Medicine, Ain-Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Fatma Labieb
- Faculty of Medicine, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62511, Egypt
| | - Cosmin A Bejan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh 243122, India
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- Primary Health Care Corporation (PHCC), Doha, Qatar; Research Unit Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia.
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19
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Hedrich N, Lovey T, Gautret P, Schlagenhauf P. Infectious disease risks at the Rugby World Cup 2023 in France - Beware of Aedes and co! New Microbes New Infect 2023; 54:101178. [PMID: 37849621 PMCID: PMC10577580 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nadja Hedrich
- Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Department of Public and Global Health, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Thibault Lovey
- Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Department of Public and Global Health, University of Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Gautret
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France
- IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Patricia Schlagenhauf
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Travellers' Health, Institute for Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention, Department of Public and Global Health, MilMedBiol Competence Centre, University of Zürich, Switzerland
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20
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is Not Circulating Among Hajj Pilgrims. J Epidemiol Glob Health 2023; 13:387-390. [PMID: 37326821 PMCID: PMC10468469 DOI: 10.1007/s44197-023-00128-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the emergence of the middle east respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) 2012, the virus had caused multiple healthcare-associated outbreaks. The initial 2012 Hajj season started few weeks after the first case of MERS-CoV, but there were no reported cases among pilgrims in 2012. Since then, there had been multiple studies examining the prevalence of MERS-CoV among Hajj pilgrims. Subsequently, multiple studies utilized screening of pilgrims for MERS-CoV and > 10,000 pilgrims were screened with no identifiable cases of MERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ziad A. Memish
- Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
- Eminent Scientist of Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
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21
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Assiri AM, Alsuraihi H, Alshahrani AMM, Alzaid SZ, Albarraq AM, Asiri S, Algwizani AR, Alotaibi A, Al-Tawfiq JA. Viral aetiology of severe acute respiratory illness among patients admitted during the 2022 peri-Hajj period. IJID Reg 2023; 8:28-30. [PMID: 37583481 PMCID: PMC10423662 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Introduction Severe acute respiratory illness (SARI) among pilgrims continues to be an important healthcare issue. The aim of this study was to describe the viral aetiology of patients admitted to hospitals in the holy cities of Makkah and Madinah during the 2022 peri-Hajj period. Methods This is a retrospective analysis of patients admitted to hospitals with SARI. Patients were tested with multiplex polymerase chain reaction for the most common viral aetiologies. Results In total, 179 cases of SARI were identified during the study period. Of these, 101 (56.4%) were males, 78 (43.6%) were females, and 78 (43.6%) were Saudi. The mean age was 58.60 years (standard deviation 20.5) years. The most common age group was ≥65 years (n=68, 36%), followed by 55-59 years (n=37, 19%). The most common comorbidities were diabetes mellitus (n=67, 36%), hypertension (n=65, 35%) and chronic lung disease (n=34, 18%). Eighty-five (47.5%) patients tested negative and 94 (42.5%) tested positive for various viral aetiologies. The most frequently detected viruses were severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) (n=28, 15%) and influenza (n=22, 12%); of the influenza cases, 16 were influenza A (6 (43%) were H3N2), and six were influenza B. The only case of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) was in a citizen, and none of the visitors or residents had MERS-CoV. Of the total cases, 27 (14%) died during the follow-up period. In a binary regression analysis, only age was associated with mortality (P=0.002). Conclusion The most commonly detected viruses among patients admitted to hospital with SARI were SARS-CoV-2 and influenza. It is important to continue surveillance of admitted and non-admitted patients in different Hajj periods to identify any shift in the aetiologic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sari Asiri
- Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, and Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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22
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Lee SS, Bockarie MJ, Al-Tawfiq JA. Was the public health emergency status of mpox ended too soon? Int J Infect Dis 2023; 134:301-302. [PMID: 37550010 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.06.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shui-Shan Lee
- International Society for Infectious Diseases; Stanley Ho Centre for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong; S.H. Ho Research Centre for Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | - Moses John Bockarie
- International Society for Infectious Diseases; School of Community Health Sciences, Njala University, Sierra Leone
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- International Society for Infectious Diseases; Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA; Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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23
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Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Lopez-Echeverri MC, Perez-Raga MF, Quintero-Romero V, Valencia-Gallego V, Galindo-Herrera N, López-Alzate S, Sánchez-Vinasco JD, Gutiérrez-Vargas JJ, Mayta-Tristan P, Husni R, Moghnieh R, Stephan J, Faour W, Tawil S, Barakat H, Chaaban T, Megarbane A, Rizk Y, Sakr R, Escalera-Antezana JP, Alvarado-Arnez LE, Bonilla-Aldana DK, Camacho-Moreno G, Mendoza H, Rodriguez-Sabogal IA, Millán-Oñate J, Lopardo G, Barbosa AN, Cimerman S, Chaves TDSS, Orduna T, Lloveras S, Rodriguez-Morales AG, Thormann M, Zambrano PG, Perez C, Sandoval N, Zambrano L, Alvarez-Moreno CA, Chacon-Cruz E, Villamil-Gomez WE, Benites-Zapata V, Savio-Larriera E, Cardona-Ospina JA, Risquez A, Forero-Peña DA, Henao-Martínez AF, Sah R, Barboza JJ, León-Figueroa DA, Acosta-España JD, Carrero-Gonzalez CM, Al-Tawfiq JA, Rabaan AA, Leblebicioglu H, Gonzales-Zamora JA, Ulloa-Gutiérrez R. The global challenges of the long COVID-19 in adults and children. Travel Med Infect Dis 2023; 54:102606. [PMID: 37295581 PMCID: PMC10247301 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmaid.2023.102606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas-Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Risaralda, Colombia; Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 15067, Peru; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon.
| | - María Camila Lopez-Echeverri
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia
| | - Maria Fernanda Perez-Raga
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia
| | - Valentina Quintero-Romero
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia
| | - Valentina Valencia-Gallego
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia
| | - Nicolas Galindo-Herrera
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia
| | - Santiago López-Alzate
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia
| | - Juan Diego Sánchez-Vinasco
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia
| | - Juan José Gutiérrez-Vargas
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia
| | - Percy Mayta-Tristan
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 15067, Peru
| | - Rola Husni
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Rima Moghnieh
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Joseph Stephan
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Wissam Faour
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Samah Tawil
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Hanane Barakat
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Toufic Chaaban
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Andre Megarbane
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Youssef Rizk
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Rania Sakr
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Juan Pablo Escalera-Antezana
- Direction of First Level, Municipal Secretary of Health, Municipal Autonomous Government of Cochabamba, Cochabamba, Bolivia
| | | | | | - German Camacho-Moreno
- Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases, HOMI, Hospital Pediátrico La Misericordia, Bogotá, DC, Colombia; Fundación Hospital Infantil Universitario de San José, Bogotá, DC, Colombia
| | - Henry Mendoza
- Hemera Unidad de Infectología IPS SAS, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | - Jose Millán-Oñate
- Clinica Imbanaco Grupo Quironsalud, Cali, Colombia; Universidad Santiago de Cali, Cali, Colombia; Clinica de Occidente, Cali, Colombia; Clinica Sebastián de Belalcazar, Valle del Cauca, Colombia
| | - Gustavo Lopardo
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alexandre Naime Barbosa
- Infectious Diseases Department, Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, Brazilian Society for Infectious Diseases, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio Cimerman
- Institute of Infectious Diseases Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tânia do Socorro Souza Chaves
- Evandro Chagas Institute, Health of Ministry of Brazil, Belém, Pará, Brazil; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Federal do Pará, Brazil
| | - Tomas Orduna
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Susana Lloveras
- Cátedra de Enfermedades Infecciosas, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Andrea G Rodriguez-Morales
- Unidad Procedimientos, Policlínico Neurología, Centro de Referencia de Salud Dr. Salvador Allende Gossens, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Monica Thormann
- Hospital Salvador Bienvenido Gautier, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Clevy Perez
- Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | | | - Lysien Zambrano
- Institute for Research in Medical Sciences and Right to Health (ICIMEDES), National Autonomous University of Honduras (UNAH), Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Carlos A Alvarez-Moreno
- National Clinical Coordinator COVID-19-WHO Studies, Colombia; Clinica Universitaria Colombia, Clinica Colsanitas and Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Colombia
| | | | - Wilmer E Villamil-Gomez
- Centro de Investigación en Ciencias de la Vida, Universidad Simón Bolívar, Barranquilla, Colombia; Grupo de Expertos Clínicos Secretaria de Salud de Barranquilla, Barranquilla, Colombia
| | - Vicente Benites-Zapata
- Unidad de Investigación para la Generación y Síntesis de Evidencias en Salud, Vicerrectorado de Investigación, Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Jaime A Cardona-Ospina
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, 660003, Colombia; Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94704, USA
| | - Alejandro Risquez
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela
| | - David A Forero-Peña
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Caracas, Venezuela; Biomedical Research and Therapeutic Vaccines Institute, Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela
| | - Andrés F Henao-Martínez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, 12700 E. 19th Avenue, Mail Stop B168, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, 411018, Maharashtra, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Maharashtra, India
| | | | | | - Jaime David Acosta-España
- Institute of Microbiology, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Beutenbergstraße 13, 07745, Jena, Germany; Postgraduate Program in Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 34465, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 47405, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur, 22610, Pakistan
| | - Hakan Leblebicioglu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, VM Medicalpark Samsun Hospital, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Jose A Gonzales-Zamora
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Rolando Ulloa-Gutiérrez
- Servicio de Infectología Pediátrica, Hospital Nacional de Niños "Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera", Centro de Ciencias Médicas, Caja Costarricense de Seguro Social (CCSS), San José, Costa Rica; Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Médicas UCIMED (IICIMED), San José, Costa Rica; Cátedra de Pediatría, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Ciencias Médicas (UCIMED), San José, Costa Rica
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Temsah MH, Aljamaan F, Malki KH, Alhasan K, Altamimi I, Aljarbou R, Bazuhair F, Alsubaihin A, Abdulmajeed N, Alshahrani FS, Temsah R, Alshahrani T, Al-Eyadhy L, Alkhateeb SM, Saddik B, Halwani R, Jamal A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Eyadhy A. ChatGPT and the Future of Digital Health: A Study on Healthcare Workers' Perceptions and Expectations. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:1812. [PMID: 37444647 PMCID: PMC10340744 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11131812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and intended practices of healthcare workers (HCWs) in Saudi Arabia towards ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence (AI) Chatbot, within the first three months after its launch. We also aimed to identify potential barriers to AI Chatbot adoption among healthcare professionals. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 1057 HCWs in Saudi Arabia, distributed electronically via social media channels from 21 February to 6 March 2023. The survey evaluated HCWs' familiarity with ChatGPT-3.5, their satisfaction, intended future use, and perceived usefulness in healthcare practice. Of the respondents, 18.4% had used ChatGPT for healthcare purposes, while 84.1% of non-users expressed interest in utilizing AI Chatbots in the future. Most participants (75.1%) were comfortable with incorporating ChatGPT into their healthcare practice. HCWs perceived the Chatbot to be useful in various aspects of healthcare, such as medical decision-making (39.5%), patient and family support (44.7%), medical literature appraisal (48.5%), and medical research assistance (65.9%). A majority (76.7%) believed ChatGPT could positively impact the future of healthcare systems. Nevertheless, concerns about credibility and the source of information provided by AI Chatbots (46.9%) were identified as the main barriers. Although HCWs recognize ChatGPT as a valuable addition to digital health in the early stages of adoption, addressing concerns regarding accuracy, reliability, and medicolegal implications is crucial. Therefore, due to their unreliability, the current forms of ChatGPT and other Chatbots should not be used for diagnostic or treatment purposes without human expert oversight. Ensuring the trustworthiness and dependability of AI Chatbots is essential for successful implementation in healthcare settings. Future research should focus on evaluating the clinical outcomes of ChatGPT and benchmarking its performance against other AI Chatbots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
- Critical Care Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid H. Malki
- Research Chair of Voice, Swallowing, and Communication Disorders, ENT Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
- Solid Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibraheem Altamimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan Aljarbou
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Bazuhair
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulmajeed Alsubaihin
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naif Abdulmajeed
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Temsah
- College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turki Alshahrani
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lama Al-Eyadhy
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Basema Saddik
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amr Jamal
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11587, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11411, Saudi Arabia
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25
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AlBahrani S, AlBarrak A, AlGubaisi N, Alkurdi H, Alburaiki D, AlGhamdi A, AlOthaiqy M, Tayeb S, Tayeb N, Abdraboh S, Khairi A, Alshareef L, AlHarbi A, AlRabeeah S, Alqahtani AS, Alqahtani JS, Hakami FH, Al-Maqati TN, Alkhrashi SA, Almershad MM, AlAbbadi A, Hakami MH, Faqihi O, Altawfiq KJA, Jebakumar AZ, Al-Tawfiq JA. Self-reported long COVID-19 symptoms are rare among vaccinated healthcare workers. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1276-1280. [PMID: 37315430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION COVID-19 pandemic adversely affected healthcare workers (HCWs). Here, we evaluate the occurence of long-COVID-19 symtoms among HCWs. METHODS This is a questionnaire-based study of HCWs who had COVID-19 in two medical centers in Saudi Arabia and were mostly vaccinated. RESULTS The study included 243 HCWs with a mean age (+ SD) of 36.1 (+ 7.6) years. Of them, 223 (91.8%) had three doses of COVID-19 vaccine, 12 (4.9%) had four doses, and 5 (2.1%) had two doses. The most common symptoms at the start of the illness were cough (180, 74.1%), shortness of breath (124, 51%), muscle ache (117, 48.1%), headache (113, 46.5%), sore throat (111, 45.7%), diarrhea (109, 44.9%) and loss of taste (108, 44.4%). Symptoms lasted for< one week in 117 (48.1%),> one week and< 1 month in 89 (36.6%),> 2 months and< 3 months in 9 (3.7%), and> 3 months in 15 (6.2%). The main symptoms present> 3 months were hair loss (8, 3.3%), cough (5, 2.1%), and diarrhea (5, 2.1%). A binomial regression analysis showed no relationship between persistence of symptoms for> 3 months and other demographic or clinical symptoms characteristics. CONCLUSION The study showed a low rate of the occurence of long-COVID> 3 months during the Omicron-wave among mostly vaccinated HCWs with no significant comorbidities. Furhter studies are needed to examine the effect of different vaccines on long-COVID-19 among HCWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma AlBahrani
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali AlBarrak
- Infectious disease division, Internal Medicine Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nawal AlGubaisi
- Internal Medicine Department, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hamoud Alkurdi
- Respiratory therapy department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia Alburaiki
- Respiratory therapy department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahaman AlGhamdi
- Respiratory therapy department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlOthaiqy
- Respiratory therapy department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Tayeb
- Infection Control Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nesreen Tayeb
- Infection Control Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salimah Abdraboh
- Infection Control Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amani Khairi
- Infection Control Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Lujain Alshareef
- Infection Control Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asma AlHarbi
- Infection Control Department, King Fahad Armed Forces Hospital Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad AlRabeeah
- Department of Respiratory care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaber S Alqahtani
- Department of Respiratory care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Hassan Hakami
- Infection Control Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thekra N Al-Maqati
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Asmaa AlAbbadi
- Infection Control Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariam Hassan Hakami
- Infection Control Department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Osama Faqihi
- Respiratory therapy department, King Fahad Military Medical Complex, Dharan, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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26
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Haji A, Alkattan A, Mahmoud N, Elkagam E, Hassanein M, Alfaifi A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alabdulkareem K, Jokhdar H, Radwan N. Does ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 heterologous prime-boost vaccination trigger higher rates of vaccine-related adverse events? IJID Reg 2023; 7:159-163. [PMID: 37025346 PMCID: PMC10005969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Background There has been significant international interest in heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccination. However, it is linked with different intensity and frequency of adverse events. This study aimed to assess the safety of ChAdOx1-S and BNT162b2 vaccines when given as heterologous prime-boost vaccination in Saudi Arabia. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted during the period October 2021 to March 2022. The study included two groups of people based on the type of vaccination regimen. The first group (heterologous) was subjected to different prime-boost vaccination schedules irrespective of the prime and boost vaccine types. The second group included people vaccinated with the same type of COVID-19 vaccine (homologous). Results The overall sample included 334 participants. Those included in the heterologous group were at about 1.5 fold -increased risk for developing local and systemic adverse events compared to the homologous group. Fever, headache, and vomiting were significantly more frequent among the heterologous group compared to the homologous group (p-value<0.05). In both groups, more than half of the recorded adverse events were mild/moderate in severity. Conclusion Heterologous prime-post vaccination is associated with a slightly increased risk for the development of local and systemic adverse events compared to the homologous regimen. However, most of these adverse events are mild/moderate in nature and recede within two days with no serious adverse events documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alhan Haji
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdallah Alkattan
- Department of Research and Development, General Directorate of School Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author: Abdullah Alkattan Tel. 00966540745588
| | - Nagla Mahmoud
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Corresponding author: Nagla Mahmoud: Tel. 00966550853708
| | - Elfadil Elkagam
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Hassanein
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amal Alfaifi
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Khaled Alabdulkareem
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Imam Mohammad bin Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Jokhdar
- Deputyship of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nashwa Radwan
- Department of Training, Research and Development, Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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27
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Farahat RA, Khan SH, Rabaan AA, Al-Tawfiq JA. The resurgence of Avian influenza and human infection: A brief outlook. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 53:101122. [PMID: 37090950 PMCID: PMC10113833 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
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28
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AlBahrani S, AlGarzai R, Aljunaid TO, Al-Tawfiq JA. A case report of Mpox (Monkeypox) in male traveler. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 53:101132. [PMID: 37223007 PMCID: PMC10182899 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Salma AlBahrani
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, College of mediecine-Imam Abdulrhaman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ruba AlGarzai
- Internal Medicine Department, Dermatology Unit King Fahd Military Medical Complex, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Thamir O Aljunaid
- Emergency Department, Imam Abdulrhaman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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29
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Mohanty A, Rohilla R, Zaman K, Hada V, Dhakal S, Shah A, Padhi BK, Al-qaim ZH, Altawfiq KJA, Tirupathi R, Sah R, Al-Tawfiq JA. Vaccine Derived Poliovirus (VDPV). Infez Med 2023; 31:174-185. [PMID: 37283637 PMCID: PMC10241397 DOI: 10.53854/liim-3102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Poliomyelitis is caused by Poliovirus, a member of a large group of enteroviruses. Vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) stem from mutated live poliovirus, which is contained in the Oral Polio Virus vaccine (OPV). In addition, the emergence of VDPV is one of the global challenges for the eradication of poliomyelitis. VDPVs continue to affect different parts of the world; 1081 cases occurred in 2020 and 682 cases in 2021. There are several reasons that may have caused the increase in circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) after the "switch" from the trivalent to the bivalent oral polio vaccine. One reason is the low vaccination rate among the targeted population, which has been further aggravated by the COVID-19 pandemic. Several strategies could control the spread of VDPV including the use of the monovalent OPV (mOPV-2). The risk of VDPV can be minimized through increased immunization rates and the use of safer vaccine alternatives. The global effort to eradicate polio has made significant progress over the years, but continued vigilance and investment in immunization programs are needed to achieve the ultimate goal of a polio-free world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aroop Mohanty
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh,
India
| | - Ranjana Rohilla
- Department of Microbiology, Shree Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical and Health Sciences, Dehradun, Uttarakhand,
India
| | - Kamran Zaman
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, ICMR-National Institute of Traditional Medicine, Belagavi, Karnataka,
India
| | - Vivek Hada
- Department of Microbiology, AIIMS Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh,
India
| | - Surakchhya Dhakal
- Department of Medicine, Nepal Medical College and teaching hospital, Dharan,
Nepal
| | - Abhishek Shah
- Department of Medicine, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan,
Nepal
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research,
India
| | - Zahra Haleem Al-qaim
- Department of Anesthesia techniques, Al-Mustaqbal University College, Hillah, Babylon,
Iraq
| | | | | | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu,
Nepal
- Dr. D.Y Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra,
India
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411018, Maharashtra,
India
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran,
Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN,
USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD,
USA
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30
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Jamal A, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Temsah MH. Enhancing infectious disease response: A demonstrative dialogue with ChatGPT and ChatGPT-4 for future outbreak preparedness. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 53:101153. [PMID: 37252334 PMCID: PMC10195765 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amr Jamal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alfonso J Rodriguez-Morales
- Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Científica del Sur, Lima, 4861, Peru
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, 1102, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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31
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Mushcab H, Al-Tawfiq JA, Babgi A, Ghamdi M, Amir A, Sheikh SS, Darwisheh A, AlObaid A, Masuadi E, AlFattani A, Qahtani S, Al Sagheir A. Longevity of Immunoglobulin-G Antibody Response Against Nucleocapsid Protein Against SARS-CoV-2 Among Healthcare Workers. Infect Drug Resist 2023; 16:3407-3416. [PMID: 37283943 PMCID: PMC10239621 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s400365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) caused the latest pandemic and the most significant challenge in public health worldwide. Studying the longevity of naturally developed antibodies is highly important clinically and epidemiologically. This paper assesses the longevity of antibodies developed against nucleocapsid protein amongst our health-care workers. Methods This longitudinal cohort study was conducted at a tertiary hospital, Saudi Arabia. Anti-SARSsCoV-2 antibodies were tested among health-care workers at three-point intervals (baseline, eight weeks, and 16 weeks). Results Of the 648 participants, 112 (17.2%) tested positive for Coronavirus (COVID-19) by PCR before the study. Of all participants, 87 (13.4%) tested positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, including 17 (2.6%) participants who never tested positive for COVID-19 using rt-PCR. Out of the 87 positive IgG participants at baseline, only 12 (13.7%) had remained positive for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by the end of the study. The IgG titer showed a significant reduction in values over time, where the median time for the confirmed positive rt-PCR subgroup from infection to the last positive antibody test was 70 (95% CI: 33.4-106.5) days. Conclusion Health-care workers are at high risk of exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 virus, and contracting an asymptomatic infection is not unlikely. Developing and sustaining natural immunity differs from one person to another, while the rate of positive IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 wanes over time. Clinicaltrialsgov Identifier NCT04469647, July 14, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayat Mushcab
- Research Office, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality and Patient Safety Departments, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, IN, Indiana, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amani Babgi
- Nursing Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Ghamdi
- Population Health Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrazack Amir
- Office of Academic Affairs, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salwa S Sheikh
- Pathology Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Darwisheh
- Laboratory Services Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar AlObaid
- Laboratory Services Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Emad Masuadi
- Medical Education Department, College of Medicine, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Areej AlFattani
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Qahtani
- Wellness Institute, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al Sagheir
- Research Office, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Temsah MH, Jamal A, Aljamaan F, Al-Tawfiq JA, Al-Eyadhy A. ChatGPT-4 and the Global Burden of Disease Study: Advancing Personalized Healthcare Through Artificial Intelligence in Clinical and Translational Medicine. Cureus 2023; 15:e39384. [PMID: 37223340 PMCID: PMC10204616 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.39384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The fusion of insights from the comprehensive global burden of disease (GBD) study and the advanced artificial intelligence of open artificial intelligence (AI) chat generative pre-trained transformer version 4 (ChatGPT-4) brings the potential to transform personalized healthcare planning. By integrating the data-driven findings of the GBD study with the powerful conversational capabilities of ChatGPT-4, healthcare professionals can devise customized healthcare plans that are adapted to patients' lifestyles and preferences. We propose that this innovative partnership can lead to the creation of a novel AI-assisted personalized disease burden (AI-PDB) assessment and planning tool. For the successful implementation of this unconventional technology, it is crucial to ensure continuous and accurate updates, expert supervision, and address potential biases and limitations. Healthcare professionals and stakeholders should have a balanced and dynamic approach, emphasizing interdisciplinary collaborations, data accuracy, transparency, ethical compliance, and ongoing training. By investing in the unique strengths of both ChatGPT-4, especially its newly introduced features such as live internet browsing or plugins, and the GBD study, we may enhance personalized healthcare planning. This innovative approach has the potential to improve patient outcomes and optimize resource utilization, as well as pave the way for the worldwide implementation of precision medicine, thereby revolutionizing the existing healthcare landscape. However, to fully harness these benefits at both the global and individual levels, further research and development are warranted. This will ensure that we effectively tap into the potential of this synergy, bringing societies closer to a future where personalized healthcare is the norm rather than the exception.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Amr Jamal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- Department of Critical Care, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Department of Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, SAU
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, SAU
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Alharbi TAF, Alqurashi AAB, Mahmud I, Alharbi RJ, Islam SMS, Almustanyir S, Maklad AE, AlSarraj A, Mughaiss LN, Al-Tawfiq JA, Ahmed AA, Barry M, Ghozy S, Alabdan LI, Alif SM, Sultana F, Salehin M, Banik B, Cross W, Rahman MA. COVID-19: Factors Associated with the Psychological Distress, Fear and Resilient Coping Strategies among Community Members in Saudi Arabia. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:healthcare11081184. [PMID: 37108018 PMCID: PMC10138665 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11081184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: COVID-19 caused the worst international public health crisis, accompanied by major global economic downturns and mass-scale job losses, which impacted the psychosocial wellbeing of the worldwide population, including Saudi Arabia. Evidence of the high-risk groups impacted by the pandemic has been non-existent in Saudi Arabia. Therefore, this study examined factors associated with psychosocial distress, fear of COVID-19 and coping strategies among the general population in Saudi Arabia. (2) Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in healthcare and community settings in the Saudi Arabia using an anonymous online questionnaire. The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K-10), Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) and Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) were used to assess psychological distress, fear and coping strategies, respectively. Multivariate logistic regressions were used, and an Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Intervals (CIs) was reported. (3) Results: Among 803 participants, 70% (n = 556) were females, and the median age was 27 years; 35% (n = 278) were frontline or essential service workers; and 24% (n = 195) reported comorbid conditions including mental health illness. Of the respondents, 175 (21.8%) and 207 (25.8%) reported high and very high psychological distress, respectively. Factors associated with moderate to high levels of psychological distress were: youth, females, non-Saudi nationals, those experiencing a change in employment or a negative financial impact, having comorbidities, and current smoking. A high level of fear was reported by 89 participants (11.1%), and this was associated with being ex-smokers (3.72, 1.14-12.14, 0.029) and changes in employment (3.42, 1.91-6.11, 0.000). A high resilience was reported by 115 participants (14.3%), and 333 participants (41.5%) had medium resilience. Financial impact and contact with known/suspected cases (1.63, 1.12-2.38, 0.011) were associated with low, medium, to high resilient coping. (4) Conclusions: People in Saudi Arabia were at a higher risk of psychosocial distress along with medium-high resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic, warranting urgent attention from healthcare providers and policymakers to provide specific mental health support strategies for their current wellbeing and to avoid a post-pandemic mental health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talal Ali F Alharbi
- Department of Community, Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, College of Nursing, Qassim University, Buraidah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Ashraf Bagader Alqurashi
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Riyadh Second Health Cluster, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh 12271, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ilias Mahmud
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health and Health Informatics, Qassim University, Al Bukairiyah 52741, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rayan Jafnan Alharbi
- Department of Emergency Medical Service, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Central Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam
- Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC 3125, Australia
| | - Sami Almustanyir
- Department of Medicine, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 3125, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 50927, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Ahmad AlSarraj
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 50927, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 47405, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ahmed Ali Ahmed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21523, Egypt
| | - Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sherief Ghozy
- Radiology Department, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55902, USA
| | | | - Sheikh M Alif
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | | | - Masudus Salehin
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC 3806, Australia
| | - Biswajit Banik
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC 3806, Australia
- Manna Institute, Mental Health Research and Training for Regional Australia, Regional University Network (RUN), The University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Wendy Cross
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC 3806, Australia
| | - Muhammad Aziz Rahman
- Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC 3806, Australia
- Australian Institute for Primary Care & Ageing (AIPCA), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences (BUHS), Dhaka 1704, Bangladesh
- Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya 60115, Indonesia
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Abdrabalnabi R, Taher A, Mathew S, Al-Hassan S, AlRashed H, Al-Yami SS. Surveillance of device associated infections in intensive care units at a Saudi Arabian Hospital, 2017-2020. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:917-921. [PMID: 37084617 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Device-associated infections (DAIs) are important components of healthcare associated infection and are associated with increased morbidity and mortality. This study describes DAIs across different intensive care units (ICUs) in a hospital in Saudi Arabia. METHODS The study was conducted between 2017 and 2020 and followed the definitions of National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN) for DAIs. The calculated the rates of ventilator-associated events (VAE), catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) and central line-associated blood stream infections (CLABSI) followed NHSN definitions. RESULTS During the study period, there were 82 DAIs in adult ICUs and of these 16 (19.5%) were CLABSI, 26 (31.7%) were CAUTI and 40 (48.7%) were VAE. The overall rates for adult ICUs were 1.6, 1.9, 3.8 per 1000 device-days for CAUTI, CLABSI and VAE, respectively. The device-utilization ratio was 0.5, 0.6, and 0.48 for urinary catheters, central lines, and ventilators, respectively. VAE rates for medical and surgical ICU were about 2.8 times the rate in the coronary care unit and the rates were high in 2020 corresponding with the COVID-19 pandemic. Of the adult ICUS, medical ICU had a CLABSI rate of 2.13/1000 device-days and was about double the rate in surgical and cardiac ICU. For CAUTI, the rates per 1000 device-days were 2.19, 1.73, and 1.65 for medical, surgical, and coronary ICUs, respectively. The rate of CLABSI per 1000 device-days for pediatric and neonatal ICUs were 3.38 and 2.28, respectively. CONCLUSIONS CAUTI was the most common infections among adult ICUs and medical ICU had higher rates than other adult ICUs. VAE rate was higher in the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, indicating increased device-use, change in patients characteristics as well as possible change in practices across the ICUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Rana Abdrabalnabi
- Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alla Taher
- Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shantymole Mathew
- Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sami Al-Hassan
- Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Halima AlRashed
- Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed S Al-Yami
- Quality and Patient Safety Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Temsah O, Khan SA, Chaiah Y, Senjab A, Alhasan K, Jamal A, Aljamaan F, Malki KH, Halwani R, Al-Tawfiq JA, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy A. Overview of Early ChatGPT's Presence in Medical Literature: Insights From a Hybrid Literature Review by ChatGPT and Human Experts. Cureus 2023; 15:e37281. [PMID: 37038381 PMCID: PMC10082551 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.37281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
ChatGPT, an artificial intelligence chatbot, has rapidly gained prominence in various domains, including medical education and healthcare literature. This hybrid narrative review, conducted collaboratively by human authors and ChatGPT, aims to summarize and synthesize the current knowledge of ChatGPT in the indexed medical literature during its initial four months. A search strategy was employed in PubMed and EuropePMC databases, yielding 65 and 110 papers, respectively. These papers focused on ChatGPT's impact on medical education, scientific research, medical writing, ethical considerations, diagnostic decision-making, automation potential, and criticisms. The findings indicate a growing body of literature on ChatGPT's applications and implications in healthcare, highlighting the need for further research to assess its effectiveness and ethical concerns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Temsah
- Collage of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Samina A Khan
- Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, MYS
| | - Yazan Chaiah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Amr Jamal
- Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | | | | | - Rabih Halwani
- Clinical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, ARE
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, SAU
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Alhuzaimi AN, Alrasheed AA, Al-Eyadhy A, Aljamaan F, Alhasan K, Batais MA, Jamal A, Alshahrani FS, Alenezi S, Alhaboob A, AlZamil F, Bashumeel YY, Banaeem AM, Aldawood A, Halwani R, Barry M, Al-Tawfiq JA, Temsah MH. Exploring Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Uptake, and Hesitancy in the Pediatric Population: A Study of Parents and Caregivers in Saudi Arabia during the Initial Vaccination Phase. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:972. [PMID: 37046901 PMCID: PMC10094388 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, uptake, and hesitancy among parents and caregivers of children in Saudi Arabia during the initial rollout of pediatric COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS An electronic survey was used to collect data from participants who visited a COVID-19 vaccine center. The survey included demographic data, COVID-19 vaccine status among participants and their children, and reasons for vaccine acceptance or rejection. The Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) tool was also employed to assess vaccine hesitancy and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine and routine childhood vaccination. Multivariate binary regression analysis was used to identify predictors of actual COVID-19 vaccine uptake among children. RESULTS Of the 873 respondents included in the analysis, 61.5% were parents and 38.5% were other caregivers. Of the participants, 96.9% had received the COVID-19 vaccine. Six hundred and ninety-four participants accepted the vaccine for their children, with the main reasons being an endorsement by the Saudi Ministry of Health (60%) and the importance of going back to school (55%). One hundred and seventy-nine participants would not vaccinate their children, with the most common reasons being fear of adverse effects (49%) and inadequate data about vaccine safety (48%). Factors such as age, COVID-19 vaccination status, self-rated family commitment level, attitudes toward routine children's vaccines, and participants' generalized anxiety disorder (GAD7) score did not significantly correlate with children's COVID-19 vaccination status. Parents were less likely to vaccinate their children compared to other caregivers, and participants with a higher socioeconomic status were more likely to vaccinate their children. CONCLUSION Vaccine acceptance and uptake were high during the initial pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rollout in Saudi Arabia. Still, the ongoing endorsement of the Ministry of Health and healthcare authorities should continue to advocate for better vaccine uptake in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah N. Alhuzaimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Science Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Cardiology Section, Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alrasheed
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Critical Care Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Solid Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuliweeh Alenezi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhaboob
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad AlZamil
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Y. Bashumeel
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al-Bukayriah 51941, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M. Banaeem
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Aldawood
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazin Barry
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Abdullah bin Khaled Coeliac Disease Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
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Elhazmi A, Rabie AA, Al-Omari A, Mufti HN, Sallam H, Alshahrani MS, Mady A, Alghamdi A, Altalaq A, Azzam MH, Sindi A, Kharaba A, Al-Aseri ZA, Almekhlafi GA, Tashkandi W, Alajmi SA, Faqihi F, Alharthy A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Melibari RG, Arabi YM. Tocilizumab Outcomes in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Admitted to the ICU and the Role of Non-Tocilizumab COVID-19-Specific Medical Therapeutics. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12062301. [PMID: 36983304 PMCID: PMC10053430 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12062301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Tocilizumab is a monoclonal antibody proposed to manage cytokine release syndrome (CRS) associated with severe COVID-19. Previously published reports have shown that tocilizumab may improve the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients admitted to the ICU. However, no precise data about the role of other medical therapeutics concurrently used for COVID-19 on this outcome have been published. Objectives: We aimed to compare the overall outcome of critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU who received tocilizumab with the outcome of matched patients who did not receive tocilizumab while controlling for other confounders, including medical therapeutics for critically ill patients admitted to ICUs. Methods: A prospective, observational, multicenter cohort study was conducted among critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU of 14 hospitals in Saudi Arabia between 1 March 2020, and October 31, 2020. Propensity-score matching was utilized to compare patients who received tocilizumab to patients who did not. In addition, the log-rank test was used to compare the 28 day hospital survival of patients who received tocilizumab with those who did not. Then, a multivariate logistic regression analysis of the matched groups was performed to evaluate the impact of the remaining concurrent medical therapeutics that could not be excluded via matching 28 day hospital survival rates. The primary outcome measure was patients’ overall 28 day hospital survival, and the secondary outcomes were ICU length of stay and ICU survival to hospital discharge. Results: A total of 1470 unmatched patients were included, of whom 426 received tocilizumab. The total number of propensity-matched patients was 1278. Overall, 28 day hospital survival revealed a significant difference between the unmatched non-tocilizumab group (586; 56.1%) and the tocilizumab group (269; 63.1%) (p-value = 0.016), and this difference increased even more in the propensity-matched analysis between the non-tocilizumab group (466.7; 54.6%) and the tocilizumab group (269; 63.1%) (p-value = 0.005). The matching model successfully matched the two groups’ common medical therapeutics used to treat COVID-19. Two medical therapeutics remained significantly different, favoring the tocilizumab group. A multivariate logistic regression was performed for the 28 day hospital survival in the propensity-matched patients. It showed that neither steroids (OR: 1.07 (95% CI: 0.75–1.53)) (p = 0.697) nor favipiravir (OR: 1.08 (95% CI: 0.61–1.9)) (p = 0.799) remained as a predictor for an increase in 28 day survival. Conclusion: The tocilizumab treatment in critically ill COVID-19 patients admitted to the ICU improved the overall 28 day hospital survival, which might not be influenced by the concurrent use of other COVID-19 medical therapeutics, although further research is needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyaa Elhazmi
- Department of Critical Care, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11643, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (A.E.); or (A.A.R.)
| | - Ahmed A. Rabie
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 11196, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: or (A.E.); or (A.A.R.)
| | - Awad Al-Omari
- Research Center, Dr. Sulaiman Alhabib Medical Group, Riyadh 11643, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani N. Mufti
- Section of Cardiac Surgery, Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Faisal Cardiac Center, King Abdulaziz Medical City, MNGHA-WR, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah 11481, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hend Sallam
- Department of Adult Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah 23431, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed S. Alshahrani
- Department of Emergency and Critical Care, King Fahad Hospital of the University, Dammam University, Al Khobar 31952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mady
- Critical Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh 11196, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Tanta University Hospital, Tanta 31527, Egypt
| | - Adnan Alghamdi
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Military Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Altalaq
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Military Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed H. Azzam
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah Medical Complex, Jeddah 23816, Saudi Arabia
| | - Anees Sindi
- Department of Medicine, Intensive Care, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Kharaba
- Department of Critical Care, King Fahad Hospital, Al Medina Al Munawara 41477, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zohair A. Al-Aseri
- Departments of Emergency Medicine and Critical Care, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Dar Al Uloom University, Riyadh 13314, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaleb A. Almekhlafi
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Military Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Wail Tashkandi
- Department of Adult Critical Care, Fakeeh Care Group, Jeddah 23323, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Surgery, Intensive Care, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saud A. Alajmi
- Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Military Medical Services, Ministry of Defense, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Faqihi
- Department of Critical Care, Dr. Sulaiman Al-Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11643, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34464, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Rami Ghazi Melibari
- Department of Critical Care, King Abdullah Medical City, Makah 24246, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaseen M. Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia
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Dao TL, Vu Thi H, Gautret P, Al-Tawfiq JA, Nguyen TL, Chu DT, Hoang VT. Willingness and attitudes of parents towards COVID-19 vaccines for children in Vietnam. J Commun Healthc 2023; 16:75-82. [PMID: 36919804 DOI: 10.1080/17538068.2022.2150207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With an increasing need for COVID-19 vaccination around the globe, we aim to investigate willingness and attitudes of parents regarding COVID-19 vaccines for children in Vietnam. METHOD A 24-item online survey was conducted among 602 parents and legal guardians of children under 18 years of age. RESULTS There were 82.6% of parents willing to vaccinate their children. The principal reasons for willingness were: the need for vaccination to control the COVID-19 pandemic and to reduce the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission when children return to school. The most common reason for refusing COVID-19 vaccine was the concern about vaccine side effects in children (73.3%), followed by perceived lack of scientific research on COVID-19 vaccines in children (31.4%). The main associated factors with increased willingness of parents towards childhood COVID-19 vaccine were: willingness to allow children to participate in a clinical vaccine trial (aOR = 3.58); possible increase in COVID-19-related mortality (aOR = 3.69); and positive media information regarding COVID-19 vaccine (aOR = 2.04). Noteworthy, higher educational status of parents was associated with decreased willingness for childhood COVID-19 vaccine (aOR = 0.26). CONCLUSION Understanding reasons of parents to accept childhood COVID-19 vaccines will help future plans in COVID-19 vaccination program. A larger sample size study at a national level is needed to verify the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Loi Dao
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
| | - Hue Vu Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Philippe Gautret
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, AP-HM, SSA, VITROME, Marseille, France.,IHU-Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Thanh Lam Nguyen
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dinh Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Thuan Hoang
- Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh, Vietnam
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Kheir H, Al-Qahtani S, Jarrah M, Shalabi M, Hattab O, Buhaliqa M, Al Khadra H. Characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 home monitoring in Saudi Arabia during the second and third waves. IJID Reg 2023; 6:142-145. [PMID: 36818018 PMCID: PMC9916128 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijregi.2023.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Introduction As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) spread around the world, patient care was shifted to outpatient care and home monitoring. This paper describes the characteristics and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) treated at home during the second and third waves in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methods Descriptive evaluation of the characteristics and outcome of COVID-19-positive cases enrolled in the home monitoring programme. Results This study included 14,970 SARS-CoV-2-positive patients (52.6% male). The mean age was 30.8 [standard deviation (SD) 19.9] years. Among the confirmed cases, 14,234 had documented vaccination status; of these, 3943 (27.7%) had not received any doses of COVID-19 vaccine, 1452 (10.2%) had received one dose, 4882 (34.3%) had received two doses, and 3957 (27.8%) had received three doses. The mean number of days in the home monitoring programme was 8.3 (SD 3.5) days. The mean interval from the last vaccine dose until SARS-CoV-2 infection was 116.6 (SD 75.5) days in 7975 patients. The presence of comorbidities was as follows: chronic kidney disease, 340 (2.3%); hypertension, 2569 (17.2%); chronic pulmonary disease, 2539 (17%); smoking, 1711 (11.4%) of 9269 with documented smoking histroy; coronary artery disease, 854 (5.7%); and diabetes mellitus, 1531 (10.3%). The hospitalization rate was 1.8%, and the case fatality rate was 5% of admitted patients, accounting for 0.11% of all cases. The mean age of patients who died was 76.6 (SD 17.7) years, which was higher compared with the mean age of those who survived [30.8 (SD 19.9) years] (P<0.001). Conclusion Utilization of a home monitoring programme was effective and safe for patients with COVID-19 who were either asymptomatic or had mild symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding author. Address: P.O. Box 76; Room D-0032, Building 61, Dhahran Health Centre, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia. (J.A. Al-Tawfiq)
| | - Hatim Kheir
- Primary Care Division, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saeed Al-Qahtani
- Primary Care Division, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Jarrah
- Primary Care Division, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Shalabi
- Primary Care Division, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Hattab
- Nursing Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maryam Buhaliqa
- Nursing Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hussain Al Khadra
- Primary Care Division, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
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Temsah MH, Jamal A, Al-Tawfiq JA. Reflection with ChatGPT about the excess death after the COVID-19 pandemic. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 52:101103. [PMID: 36844147 PMCID: PMC9937725 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, 34465, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN46202, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD21218, USA
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Al-Tawfiq JA. What is the burden of asymptomatic coronavirus infections? New Microbes New Infect 2023; 52:101101. [PMID: 36817611 PMCID: PMC9930374 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
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Zheng Q, Al-Tawfiq JA, Memish ZA, Bao C, Pan Q. Disparities in transmission dynamics of the 2022 mpox outbreaks between Europe and Americas. New Microbes New Infect 2023; 52:101111. [PMID: 36969708 PMCID: PMC10031115 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2023.101111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
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Al-Tawfiq JA, Kattan RF, Almoallem SAS, Altawfiq KJ, Mohsni E, Memish ZA. Worldwide poliomyelitis outbreaks: should mass gathering organizers be concerned? J Travel Med 2023; 30:6798397. [PMID: 36331257 DOI: 10.1093/jtm/taac128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The polio is the longest PHEIC and the continued occurrence of outbreaks of cVDPV would put further risks globally. The binary nature of PHEIC declarations would not support the continued polio PHEIC due to the requirement of tiered or graded strategies to combat such diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Rana F Kattan
- Division Head Inpatient General Pediatrics, Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah Specialist Children's Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Ezzeddine Mohsni
- Programme Essaha Aziza, Union Européenne, Pôle Centre, Tunisie, Tunisia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Shamim MA, Padhi BK, Satapathy P, Veeramachaneni SD, Chatterjee C, Tripathy S, Akhtar N, Pradhan A, Dwivedi P, Mohanty A, Rodriguez-Morales AJ, Sah R, Al-Tammemi AB, Al-Tawfiq JA, Nowrouzi-Kia B, Chattu VK. The use of antivirals in the treatment of human monkeypox outbreaks: a systematic review. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 127:150-161. [PMID: 36470502 PMCID: PMC9719850 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Human monkeypox virus (MPXV) infection is a recently declared public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization. Besides, there is scant literature available on the use of antivirals in MPXV infection. This systematic review compiles all evidence of various antivirals used on their efficacy and safety and summarizes their mechanisms of action. METHODS A review was done of all original studies mentioning individual patient data on the use of antivirals in patients with MPXV infection. RESULTS Of the total 487 non-duplicate studies, 18 studies with 71 individuals were included. Tecovirimat was used in 61 individuals, followed by cidofovir in seven and brincidofovir (BCV) in three individuals. Topical trifluridine was used in four ophthalmic cases in addition to tecovirimat. Of the total, 59 (83.1%) were reported to have complete resolution of symptoms; one was experiencing waxing and waning of symptoms, only one (1.8%) had died, and the others were having a resolution of symptoms. The death was thought unrelated to tecovirimat. Elevated hepatic panels were reported among all individuals treated with BCV (leading to treatment discontinuation) and five treated with tecovirimat. CONCLUSION Tecovirimat is the most used and has proven beneficial in several aggravating cases. No major safety concerns were detected upon its use. Topical trifluridine was used as an adjuvant treatment option along with tecovirimat. BCV and cidofovir were seldom used, with the latter often being used due to the unavailability of tecovirimat. BCV was associated with treatment discontinuation due to adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bijaya Kumar Padhi
- Department of Community Medicine and School of Public Health, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India,Corresponding authors
| | - Prakasini Satapathy
- Department of Virology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | | | | | - Snehasish Tripathy
- Department of Preventive Oncology, Homi Bhabha Cancer Hospital and Research Centre, Muzaffarpur, India
| | - Naushaba Akhtar
- Indian Council of Medical Research - Regional Medical Research Centre, Bhubaneswar, India
| | - Anindita Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Pradeep Dwivedi
- Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India,Centre of Excellence for Tribal Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
| | - Aroop Mohanty
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India
| | - Alfonso J. Rodriguez-Morales
- Grupo de Investigación Biomedicina, Faculty of Medicine, Fundación Universitaria Autónoma de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia,Institución Universitaria Visión de las Américas, Pereira, Colombia,Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Universidad Cientifica del Sur, Lima, Peru
| | - Ranjit Sah
- Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal,Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA,Dr. D.Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Center, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, Maharashtra, India,Corresponding authors
| | - Ala'a B. Al-Tammemi
- Migration Health Division, International Organization for Migration (IOM), Amman, Jordan
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Diseases Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA,Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Behdin Nowrouzi-Kia
- ReSTORE Lab, Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Vijay Kumar Chattu
- ReSTORE Lab, Department of Occupational Science & Occupational Therapy, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada,Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technological Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India,Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India,Corresponding authors
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Chopra H, Islam MA, Chandran D, Emran TB, El-Shall NA, Al-Tawfiq JA, Dhama K. MERS-CoV recently re-emerged in Qatar, Saudi Arabia, its feasible global health risks amid FIFA world cup 2022 and salient counteracting strategies - an update. Int J Surg 2023; 109:153-155. [PMID: 36799834 PMCID: PMC10389596 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali
- Advanced Molecular Lab, Department of Microbiology, President Abdul Hamid Medical College, Karimganj, Kishoreganj
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu
| | - Talha B. Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nahed A. El-Shall
- Department of Poultry and Fish Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Edfina, El-Beheira, Egypt
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Department of Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Zheng Q, Bao C, Memish ZA, Al-Tawfiq JA, Pan Q. Probability of Mpox importation during the FIFA World Cup 2022 in Qatar. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:264-265. [PMID: 36610366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Qinyue Zheng
- School of International Affairs and Public Administration, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Chunbing Bao
- School of Management, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Al-Faisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Division of Infectious Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Qiuwei Pan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Alkhalifah JM, Al Seraihi A, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alshehri BF, Alhaluli AH, Alsulais NM, Alessa MM, Seddiq W, Aljeri T, Qahtani MH, Barry M, Al-Otaiby M. Pattern of self-reported adverse events related to COVID-19 vaccines in Saudi Arabia: A nationwide study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1043696. [PMID: 36908451 PMCID: PMC9995884 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1043696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the most effective way to end the pandemic. Any development of adverse events (AEs) from various vaccines should be reported. We therefore aimed to explore major and minor AEs among vaccinated individuals in Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a nationwide report based on the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Health (MOH) registry. It included those who received COVID-19 vaccines from 17th December 2020 to 31st December 2021. The study included spontaneous self-reported adverse effects to COVID-19 vaccines where the study participants used a governmental mobile app (Sehhaty) to report their AEs following vaccination using a checklist option that included a selection of side-effects. The primary outcome was to determine AEs reported within 14 days of vaccination which included injection site itching, pain, reaction, redness, swelling, anxiety, dizziness, fever, headache, hoarseness, itchiness, loss of consciousness, nausea, heartburn, sleep disruption, fatigue, seizures, anaphylaxis, shortness of breath, wheezing, swelling of lips, face, and throat, loss of consciousness, and admissions into the intensive care unit (ICU). Results The study included a total number of 28,031 individuals who reported 71,480 adverse events (AEs); which were further classified into minor and major adverse events including ICU admissions post vaccination. Of the reported AEs, 38,309 (53. 6%) side-effects were reported following Pfizer-BioNTech, 32,223 (45%) following Oxford-AstraZeneca, and 948 (1.3%) following Moderna. The following reported AEs were statistically significant between the different vaccine types: shortness of breath\difficulty of breathing, dizziness, fever above 39°C, headache, hoarseness, injection site reactions, itchiness, nausea, sleep disruption, fatigue, wheezing, swelling of lips/face and\or throat, and loss of consciousness (p-value < 0.05). Fever and seizure were the only statistically significant AEs amongst the number of vaccine doses received (p-value < 0.05). Ten ICU admissions were reported in the 14 days observation period post-COVID-19 vaccination with the following diagnoses: acute myocardial infarction, pneumonia, atherosclerosis, acute respiratory failure, intracranial hemorrhage, grand mal seizure, Guillain-Barré syndrome, abnormal blood gas levels, and septic shock. Conclusion This study demonstrated that the most prevalent SARS-CoV-2 vaccine side-effects among adults in Saudi Arabia were mild in nature. This information will help reduce vaccine hesitancy and encourage further mass vaccination to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, especially as booster doses are now available. Further studies are warranted to obtain a better understanding of the association between risk factors and the experiencing of side-effects post vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Infectious Disease Unit, Specialty Internal Medicine, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Waleed Seddiq
- Center for Stem Cell and Translational Immunotherapy (CSTI), Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Maram Al-Otaiby
- The Saudi Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Dhama K, Nainu F, Frediansyah A, Yatoo MI, Mohapatra RK, Chakraborty S, Zhou H, Islam MR, Mamada SS, Kusuma HI, Rabaan AA, Alhumaid S, Mutair AA, Iqhrammullah M, Al-Tawfiq JA, Mohaini MA, Alsalman AJ, Tuli HS, Chakraborty C, Harapan H. Global emerging Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Impacts, challenges and strategies. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:4-14. [PMID: 36446204 PMCID: PMC9675435 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2022.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Newly emerging variants of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are continuously posing high global public health concerns and panic resulting in waves of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Depending on the extent of genomic variations, mutations and adaptation, few of the variants gain the ability to spread quickly across many countries, acquire higher virulency and ability to cause severe disease, morbidity and mortality. These variants have been implicated in lessening the efficacy of the current COVID-19 vaccines and immunotherapies resulting in break-through viral infections in vaccinated individuals and recovered patients. Altogether, these could hinder the protective herd immunity to be achieved through the ongoing progressive COVID-19 vaccination. Currently, the only variant of interest of SARS-CoV-2 is Omicron that was first identified in South Africa. In this review, we present the overview on the emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants with a special focus on the Omicron variant, its lineages and hybrid variants. We discuss the hypotheses of the origin, genetic change and underlying molecular mechanism behind higher transmissibility and immune escape of Omicron variant. Major concerns related to Omicron including the efficacy of the current available immunotherapeutics and vaccines, transmissibility, disease severity, and mortality are discussed. In the last part, challenges and strategies to counter Omicron variant, its lineages and hybrid variants amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Firzan Nainu
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Andri Frediansyah
- Research Division for Natural Product Technology (BPTBA), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta 55861, Indonesia
| | - Mohd Iqbal Yatoo
- Division of Veterinary Clinical Complex, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry Shuhama, Sher-E-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir, Shalimar, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir 190006, India
| | - Ranjan K Mohapatra
- Department of Chemistry, Government College of Engineering, Keonjhar 758002, Odisha, India
| | - Sandip Chakraborty
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, College of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, R.K. Nagar, West Tripura, Tripura, India
| | - Hao Zhou
- College of Medical Technology, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 611137, China; Department of Microbiology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York 10016, USA
| | - Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, 74/A Green Road, Farmgate, Dhaka 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Sukamto S Mamada
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar 90245, Indonesia
| | - Hendrix Indra Kusuma
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Biology Education Department, Faculty of Tarbiyah and Teacher Training, Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry, Jl. Syeikh Abdur Rauf, Kopelma Darussalaml, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Ali A Rabaan
- Molecular Diagnostic Laboratory, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 31311, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health and Nutrition, The University of Haripur, Haripur 22610, Pakistan
| | - Saad Alhumaid
- Administration of Pharmaceutical Care, Al-Ahsa Health Cluster, Ministry of Health, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abbas Al Mutair
- Research Center, Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Al-Ahsa 36342, Saudi Arabia; College of Nursing, Prince Nora University, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia; School of Nursing, Wollongong University, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; Nursing Department, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dhahran 33048, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Iqhrammullah
- Graduate School of Mathematics and Applied Sciences, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh 23111, Indonesia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Al Mohaini
- Basic Sciences Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkhaliq J Alsalman
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Northern Border University, Rafha 91911, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar University, Mullana, Ambala 133207, Haryana, India
| | - Chiranjib Chakraborty
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Adamas University, Barasat-Barrackpore Road, Kolkata, West Bengal 700126, India
| | - Harapan Harapan
- Medical Research Unit, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Tropical Diseases Centre, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Aceh 23111, Indonesia.
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Chopra H, Islam MA, Sharun K, Emran TB, Al-Tawfiq JA, Dhama K. Recent advances in the treatment of biofilms induced surgical site infections. Int J Surg 2023; 109:65-67. [PMID: 36799798 PMCID: PMC10389243 DOI: 10.1097/js9.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab, India
| | - Md. Aminul Islam
- COVID-19 Diagnostic Lab, Department of Microbiology, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Khan Sharun
- Division of Surgery, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Patient Safety, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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