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Albogami Y, Alalwan A, Batais MA, Alabdulkareem K, Alalwan AA. The effectiveness of single and two-dose Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine against SARS-COV-2: A real-world evidence from Saudi Arabia. J Infect Public Health 2023; 16:1898-1903. [PMID: 37871358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2023.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several studies proved the effectiveness of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines; however, the number of doses and the period between doses that warrant the highest protection remain unclear. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of the Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine and to evaluate the effectiveness of early and delayed second-dose administration of the vaccine. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted using the data from March 1st, 2021, to August 31st, 2021. Data regarding vaccination coverage and confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection were obtained using academic hospitals databases and Health Electronic Surveillance Network (HESN) platform. The vaccination status of the participants were categorized as: unvaccinated, vaccinated 1st dose, and vaccinated 2nd dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine. The outcome of interest was positive polymerase chain reaction test for SARS-CoV-2. Generalized linear model with a Poisson distribution was used to estimate the incidence of the infection. FINDINGS Among 66,775 participants included, 2615 SARS-CoV-2 infections were observed. The sample was relatively young with median age of 22 years and 43% female. A single dose of Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine had 40 % effectiveness. The effectiveness of the vaccine was doubled after the second dose of Pfizer-BioNTech (80 %). The time between the first and the second dose appears to be crucial after observing 75 %, 90 % and 85 % effectiveness with early vaccination, on-time vaccination, and delayed vaccination, respectively. CONCLUSION For Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine recipients in Saudi Arabia, particularly among a predominantly young population, higher effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2 was observed with two doses of the vaccine. The timing of the second dose appears crucial for the extent of protection against SARS-CoV-2. However, potential residual confounding cannot be discounted, and further studies are needed to validate these findings and improve generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasser Albogami
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 145111, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Alalwan
- University Family Medicine Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine; King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- University Family Medicine Center, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine; King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled Alabdulkareem
- Assisting Deputyship for Primary Health Care, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A Alalwan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
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Alzahrani AM, Hakami A, AlHadi A, Al-maflehi N, Aljawadi MH, Alotaibi RM, Alzahrani MM, Alammari SA, Batais MA, Almigbal TH. The effectiveness of mindfulness training in improving medical students' stress, depression, and anxiety. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293539. [PMID: 37906599 PMCID: PMC10617730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is growing interest in Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program to combat mental distress in medical students. In Saudi Arabia, literature is insufficient about MBSR and its effectiveness. This study aims to measure the effectiveness of MBSR in improving mindful state, stress, anxiety, and depression in medical students. Also, the study explores the association between the attendance rate of MBSR sessions and its effectiveness. Lastly, the study examines gender differences in response to MBSR. METHODS This is a stratified randomized controlled study of 84 medical students from two medical schools in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. They were recruited voluntarily from November 2018 to April 2021, and allocated to MBSR and waitlist groups using a stratified randomization method based on gender. MBSR group received eight weeks of sessions through audiovisual materials. An online survey utilizing validated questionnaires assessing stress, mindfulness, anxiety, and depression was used to evaluate both groups pre-program (time 0), post-program (time 1), and three months later (time 2). RESULTS Seventy-one participants completed the post-test (time 1). There were no differences between study groups at time 0 and 1. However, in 41 subjects who completed the follow-up test (time 2), the anxiety dropped significantly in MBSR group (mean difference (MD), -3.935; 95% CI, -7.580 to -0.290). Furthermore, attending more MBSR sessions was inversely correlated with depression (r, -0.556; P, 0.002), and anxiety (r, -0.630; P, 0.000). Compared to their baseline, males in MBSR group improved in stress (MD, 3.08; 95% CI, 0.30 to 5.86), anxiety (MD, 4.91; 95% CI, 3.32 to 6.50), and mindfulness (MD, -0.58; 95% CI, -1.01 to -0.15), while females improved in stress (MD, 2.64; 95% CI, 0.02 to 5.26). CONCLUSION Despite the study being interrupted by the stressful COVID-19 outbreak, the findings suggest that MBSR improved psychological outcomes when participants commit to the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Alzahrani
- University Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Hakami
- Riyadh Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad AlHadi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nassr Al-maflehi
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed H. Aljawadi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Mohammed A. Batais
- University Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- University Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Almigbal TH, Almunif DS, Ali Deshisha E, Altaradi H, Alrasheed AA, Batais MA, Alhabib KF. Physicians' perceptions and beliefs on the current dyslipidemia management practices within Saudi Arabia. Saudi Pharm J 2023; 31:101759. [PMID: 37705879 PMCID: PMC10495637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2023.101759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Limited reports addressing physicians' understanding of the various low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) targets/statin intensity required for treating the various dyslipidemia patient populations in Saudi Arabia are available. Therefore, the current study assessed the perceptions and beliefs of practicing clinicians in Saudi Arabia regarding the current practice for management of dyslipidemia and potential perceived barriers to adherence to lipid guidelines encountered in their regular clinical practice. Knowledge of different clinical practices and beliefs could have a positive impact on improving the quality of future care provided by physicians. Methods A survey questionnaire was designed to assess physicians' familiarity, usage, and adherence to seven different international guidelines and used to evaluate the management of dyslipidemia, practice of patient treatment, and perceived obstacles to adhering to lipid guidelines related to specific patients, doctors, and practice issues. Results A total of 467 physicians were recruited for the study: (1) 57.2% were primary care physicians (PCPs) and (2) 42.8% were specialists. About 90.8% of them followed lipid guidelines of which the most common set were based on those by the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association. The most utilized risk assessment tool was the atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk calculator. About 60% of the physicians set an LDL-C target for their patients based on a combination of patients' risk factors and lipid profiles. In all, 42.1% of the physicians chose not to change existing therapy among patients with dyslipidemia to attain a non-high-density lipoprotein goal with controlled LDL-C level. Atorvastatin accounted for the greatest percentage of primary and secondary prevention choices (71.9% and 69.6%, respectively). Rosuvastatin was mostly preferred by physicians for patients with familial hypercholesterolemia. About two-thirds of the physicians (77.9%) prescribed statins to diabetic patients aged 40-75 years. Statin intolerance was encountered by 62.9% of the physicians in ≤ 10% of patients by 62.9%. Therapeutic strategies included switching to an alternative statin (40.1%) followed by reducing the statin dose (35.3%). Ezetimibe was prescribed by most physicians (77.9%) as an add-on to statin if the LDL-C target was not achieved. Fibrate was most preferred by physicians (62.7%) for hypertriglyceremia treatment followed by statins (28.7% of the physicians). Sixty-six percent reported not using proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 serine protease inhibitors in their clinical practice due to unavailability at their institute (51.8%), high costs (26.3%), and/or lack of knowledge (20.6%). Perceived barriers to guideline adherence identified by physicians were lack of familiarity and knowledge of the guidelines, patient non-adherence, medication costs, and lack of timely follow-up appointments and educational tools. Multiple similarities and differences were observed after comparisons were made between specialists and PCPs in terms of guideline preference, clinical practice, and perceived barriers. Conclusion Different perceptions and attitudes among physicians in Saudi Arabia were found due to variable recommendations by international lipid guidelines. Perceived barriers that included the patient, physician, and practice were identified by physicians at multiple levels. Multiple challenges and different action gaps were observed when comparing specialists to PCPs. It is recommended that standardized practices be followed by clinicians in Saudi Arabia, and actions to address the outlined barriers are essential for optimizing health outcomes and ASCVD prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turky H. Almigbal
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina S. Almunif
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Ali Deshisha
- Resident Medical Officer, Dr.Sulaiman Al-habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Altaradi
- Nursing Research Unit, Corporate of Nursing Affairs, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alrasheed
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F. Alhabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alotaibi EA, AlHaidar AM, Alotaibi SA, Alshehri NA, Alotaibi RA, Bashumeel YY, Nassar R, Batais MA. Assessment of Thyroid Dysfunction Among Pregnant Women With Pre-Existing Diabetes Mellitus or Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Cureus 2023; 15:e44390. [PMID: 37779813 PMCID: PMC10541241 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.44390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study investigates the prevalence and risk of thyroid disturbances in pregnant women with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM) or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in a tertiary hospital setting in Riyadh, SA. This research's findings may help identify potential risk factors associated with thyroid disturbances during pregnancy and facilitate early diagnosis for at-risk pregnant women. Subjects and methods A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted at an endocrinology clinic between October 2018 and December 2021 to evaluate the electronic records of pregnant women with DM or GDM who had documented normal thyroid function before pregnancy. Results Three hundred ninety-six files that met the selection criteria were deeply investigated and analyzed. The analysis showed that 378 (95.5%) patients were of Saudi nationality, and the mean age in years ± SD for the selected patients was 34.23 ± 5.468. The prevalence of obesity was 63.7%, with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 32.78 ± 6.78 kg/m2. The patients in this study were categorized into three groups based on their type of DM: 57 were diagnosed with type 1 DM (14.4%), 120 with type 2 DM (30.3%), and 219 with GDM (55.3%). The study identified 43 patients (10.85%) with subclinical hypothyroidism and 74 (18.69%) with hypothyroidism. Among the remaining patients, thyroid function was within the normal range for 264 (66.67%). The study also identified eight patients (2.02%) with subclinical hyperthyroidism and seven (1.77%) with hyperthyroidism. The prevalence of thyroid dysfunction was reported at 33.4%, with most of the dysfunction observed in the GDM group (20.7%). By comparison, the type 1 DM and type 2 DM groups presented a lower prevalence of thyroid dysfunction, accounting for only 4.1% and 8.6%, respectively. Conclusions Hypothyroidism, both clinical and subclinical, is more prevalent among patients with GDM than individuals with type 1 and type 2 DM. Research suggests a greater risk of developing hypothyroidism in patients with an increased BMI and among those older during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eman A Alotaibi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, SAU
| | | | - Shahad A Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriah, SAU
| | - Norah A Alshehri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, SAU
| | - Raghad A Alotaibi
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al Bukayriah, SAU
| | - Yaser Y Bashumeel
- Research, Endocrine and Oncology Division, Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, USA
| | - Reema Nassar
- College of Medicine, Omdurman Islamic University, Khartoum, SDN
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Family Medicine, Diabetes & Chronic Disease Management, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, SAU
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Alhuzaimi AN, Alrasheed AA, Al-Eyadhy A, Aljamaan F, Alhasan K, Batais MA, Jamal A, Alshahrani FS, Alenezi S, Alhaboob A, AlZamil F, Bashumeel YY, Banaeem AM, Aldawood A, Halwani R, Barry M, Al-Tawfiq JA, Temsah MH. Exploring Determinants of COVID-19 Vaccine Acceptance, Uptake, and Hesitancy in the Pediatric Population: A Study of Parents and Caregivers in Saudi Arabia during the Initial Vaccination Phase. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:972. [PMID: 37046901 PMCID: PMC10094388 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11070972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to assess COVID-19 vaccine acceptance, uptake, and hesitancy among parents and caregivers of children in Saudi Arabia during the initial rollout of pediatric COVID-19 vaccination. METHODS An electronic survey was used to collect data from participants who visited a COVID-19 vaccine center. The survey included demographic data, COVID-19 vaccine status among participants and their children, and reasons for vaccine acceptance or rejection. The Vaccine Hesitancy Scale (VHS) tool was also employed to assess vaccine hesitancy and attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccine and routine childhood vaccination. Multivariate binary regression analysis was used to identify predictors of actual COVID-19 vaccine uptake among children. RESULTS Of the 873 respondents included in the analysis, 61.5% were parents and 38.5% were other caregivers. Of the participants, 96.9% had received the COVID-19 vaccine. Six hundred and ninety-four participants accepted the vaccine for their children, with the main reasons being an endorsement by the Saudi Ministry of Health (60%) and the importance of going back to school (55%). One hundred and seventy-nine participants would not vaccinate their children, with the most common reasons being fear of adverse effects (49%) and inadequate data about vaccine safety (48%). Factors such as age, COVID-19 vaccination status, self-rated family commitment level, attitudes toward routine children's vaccines, and participants' generalized anxiety disorder (GAD7) score did not significantly correlate with children's COVID-19 vaccination status. Parents were less likely to vaccinate their children compared to other caregivers, and participants with a higher socioeconomic status were more likely to vaccinate their children. CONCLUSION Vaccine acceptance and uptake were high during the initial pediatric COVID-19 vaccination rollout in Saudi Arabia. Still, the ongoing endorsement of the Ministry of Health and healthcare authorities should continue to advocate for better vaccine uptake in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah N. Alhuzaimi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Cardiac Science Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Pediatric Cardiology Section, Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alrasheed
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Critical Care Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Solid Organ Transplant Center of Excellence, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Family Medicine Center, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah S. Alshahrani
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shuliweeh Alenezi
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Department of Psychiatry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhaboob
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad AlZamil
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yaser Y. Bashumeel
- College of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Al-Bukayriah 51941, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M. Banaeem
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Aldawood
- College of Medicine, Imam Mohammed Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Mazin Barry
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, Family & Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia (M.-H.T.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
- Prince Abdullah bin Khaled Coeliac Disease Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia
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Alamoudi RM, Aljohani NJ, Alfadhli EM, Alzaman N, Alfadhly AF, Kallash MA, Alshenqete AM, Batais MA, Alharbi M, Ekhzaimy AA, Sheshah E, Ahmedani MY, Buyukbese MA, Shaltout I, Hemaida K, Belkhadir J, Afandi B, Hafidh K, Hussein Z, Elbarbary NS, Hassanein M. Fasting Ramadan in patients with T1DM - Saudi Arabia versus other countries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2023; 17:102676. [PMID: 36463695 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To compare Saudi Arabia with other countries regarding patient attitudes towards fasting Ramadan and complications related to fasting during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS Data collected from Saudi Arabia and 12 other mostly Muslim majority countries, via physician administered questionnaire within post Ramadan 2020. RESULTS 1485 Type1 diabetes (T1DM) patients analyzed; 705 (47.5%) from Saudi Arabia vs. 780 (52.5%) from other countries. 1056 (71.1%) fasted Ramadan; 636 (90.2%) of Saudi patients vs. 420 (53.8%) of other countries. Experiencing Ramadan during the COVID-19 pandemic did not affect the Saudi T1DM patients' decision to fast while it significantly influenced their decision in other countries (1.4 vs 9.9%, P < 0.001). More Saudi patients needed to break the fast due to a diabetes related complication compared to other countries (67.4% vs. 46.8%, p=<0.001). The mean number of days fasted in Saudi and other countries was 24 ± 7 and 23 ± 8 days respectively. Hypoglycemic events were more common among Saudi patients during Ramadan compared to other countries 72% and 43.6% (p < 0.001) respectively. There was a significant difference in timing; the largest peak for Saudi Arabia patients was after dawn (35% vs 7%, p < 0.001), while it was pre-sunset for the other countries (23 vs 54%, p = 0.595). Day time-hyperglycemia was also more common among Saudi patients (48.6% vs. 39%, p < 0.001), however it was a less likely cause to break the fast (25.6% vs 38.3%, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Observing the fast of Ramadan is extremely common among Saudi T1DM patients compared to other Muslim countries and was not affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. However, it was associated with higher frequency of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Alamoudi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Abdullah International Research Centre, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guards Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Naji J Aljohani
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolic Center, King Fahad Medical City, King Abdulaziz Bin Saud University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman M Alfadhli
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Taibah University, AlMadinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naweed Alzaman
- Department of Medicine, Medical College, Taibah University, AlMadinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz F Alfadhly
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mansour Military Hospital, Taif City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Majd-Aldeen Kallash
- Obesity, Endocrine and Metabolic Center, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aishah A Ekhzaimy
- Department of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Sheshah
- Diabetes Care Center, King Salman Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Yakoob Ahmedani
- Department of Medicine, Baqai Institute of Diabetology & Endocrinology, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Inass Shaltout
- Department of Internal Medicine and Diabetes, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Kamel Hemaida
- Glan Clwyd Hospital, Renal and Diabetes, Rhyl, Denbighshire, UK; Alexandria University, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Department, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Jamal Belkhadir
- Moroccan League for the Fight Against Diabetes, IDF Middle East and North Africa, Morocco
| | | | - Khadija Hafidh
- Diabetes Unit, Rashid Hospital, Dubai Health Authority, Dubai Academic Health Cooperation, United Arab Emirates
| | - Zanariah Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | - Mohamed Hassanein
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Dubai Hospital, Dubai Academic Health Cooperation, United Arab Emirates
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Albackr HB, Al Waili K, Almahmeed W, Jarallah MA, Amin MI, Alrasadi K, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Youssef A, Alghamdi M, Al Shehri M, Ahmad I, ElToukhy RA, Kholaif N, Kinsara AJ, Al-Kindi M, Barzargani N, Hassan M, Suwaidi SA, Rajan R, Altaradi H, Alhabib KF. The Gulf Achievement of Cholesterol Targets in Out-Patients Study (GULF ACTION): Design, Rationale, and Preliminary Results. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2023; 21:285-292. [PMID: 37431901 DOI: 10.2174/1570161121666230710145604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
AIM To assess the current dyslipidemia management in the Arabian Gulf region by describing the demographics, study design, and preliminary results of out-patients who achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals at the time of the survey. BACKGROUND The Arabian Gulf population is at high risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease at younger ages. There is no up-to-date study regarding dyslipidemia management in this region, especially given the recent guideline-recommended LDL-C targets. OBJECTIVE Up-to-date comprehensive assessment of the current dyslipidemia management in the Arabian Gulf region, particularly in view of the recent evidence of the additive beneficial effects of ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin-9 (PCSK-9) inhibitors on LDL-C levels and cardiovascular outcomes. METHODS The Gulf Achievement of Cholesterol Targets in Out-Patients (GULF ACTION) is an ongoing national observational longitudinal registry of 3000 patients. In this study, adults ≥18 years on lipidlowering drugs for over three months from out-patients of five Gulf countries were enrolled between January 2020 and May 2022 with planned six-month and one-year follow-ups. RESULTS Of the 1015 patients enrolled, 71% were male, aged 57.9±12 years. In addition, 68% had atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), 25% of these patients achieved the LDL-C target, and 26% of the cohort were treated using combined lipid-lowering drugs, including statins. CONCLUSION The preliminary results of this cohort revealed that only one-fourth of ASCVD patients achieved LDL-C targets. Therefore, GULF ACTION shall improve our understanding of current dyslipidemia management and "guideline gaps" in the Arabian Gulf region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanan B Albackr
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al Waili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Masqat, Oman
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart Vascular Institute Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mohammad Al Jarallah
- Department of Cardiology, Sabah Al Ahmad Cardiac Center, Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammad I Amin
- Mohamed Bin Khalifa specialist Cardiac Center, Awali, Bahrain
| | - Khalid Alrasadi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Youssef
- Saud AlBabtain Cardiac Center, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Cardiology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Mohammad Alghamdi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for health sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Islam Ahmad
- Armed forces hospital, Southern Region, KSA
- AL-Azhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Riham A ElToukhy
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naji Kholaif
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Heart Center, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhalim J Kinsara
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, COM-WR, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal Al-Kindi
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Magdy Hassan
- Primary Health Care Department, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, UAE
| | - Shamsa Al Suwaidi
- Primary Health Care Department, Dubai Academic Health Corporation, Dubai, UAE
| | - Rajesh Rajan
- Department of Cardiology, Sabah Al Ahmad Cardiac Center, Al Amiri Hospital, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Hani Altaradi
- King Saud University Medical City, Corporate of Nursing Affairs, Nursing Education and Development, Research Unit, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid F Alhabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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AlSaif HI, Alenezi MN, Asiri M, Alshaibani KO, Alrasheed AA, Alsaad SM, Batais MA. Empathy among Saudi Residents at a Tertiary Academic Center during the COVID-19 Pandemic and Its Association with Perceived Stress. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58:medicina58091258. [PMID: 36143935 PMCID: PMC9506239 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Empathy is an important attribute of a healthy doctor−patient relationship. Although multiple studies have assessed empathy in different countries, little is known about its levels among Saudi residents and its association with perceived stress. Objectives: To assess the levels of empathy and to identify if there is an association with stress in general and across the demographic and training characteristics of residents. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional questionnaire-based study was carried out from December 2020 to March 2021 among residents training at a tertiary academic center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Empathy and perceived stress were measured using the Jefferson Scale of Empathy (JSE) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: A total of 229 residents participated. The mean JSE score was 105.25 ± 15.35. The mean JSE scores were significantly higher among residents training in pediatrics (mean difference (MD) = 17.35, p < 0.001), family medicine (MD = 12.24, p = 0.007), and medical specialties (MD = 11.11, p = 0.012) when compared with surgical specialties and anesthesia. In addition, residents who worked 1−4 on-calls per month had a higher mean JSE score (MD = 11.23, p = 0.028) compared with those who worked 7 or more on-calls. Lastly, no correlation between empathy and perceived stress was detected in the whole sample (r = −0.007, p = 0.913); however, there was a correlation among residents training in medical specialties (r = −0.245, p = 0.025). Conclusion: Residents in our study had empathy levels comparable with Asian but lower than Western residents. We recommend qualitative studies that explore potential factors that might affect empathy among residents and studying the association between empathy and perceived stress among medical residents. Postgraduate curricula should incorporate interventions that foster a more empathetic doctor−patient relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haytham I AlSaif
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (34), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mamdouh N Alenezi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (34), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Asiri
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (38), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Abdullah A Alrasheed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (34), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M Alsaad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (34), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2925 (34), Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
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9
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Almutairi JS, Almigbal TH, Alruhaim HY, Mujammami MH, AlMogbel TA, Alshahrani AM, Al Zahrani AM, Batais MA, Shaik SA. Self-awareness of HbA1c and its association with glycemic control among patients with type 2 diabetes. Saudi Med J 2022; 43:291-300. [PMID: 35256497 PMCID: PMC9280542 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2022.43.3.20210536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To measure the self-awareness of hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) prevalence among type 2 diabetic Saudi patients and its association with glycemic control, thereby identifying those factors that might affect their glycemic control. Methods: This multicenter study was carried out in outpatients’ diabetes clinics in tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Qassim, and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The data was collected using questionnaires. The subject’s self-awareness on the HbA1c test was assessed based on the combined score of 4 questions. The latest HbA1c result before the time of data collection was obtained from medical records. Data was analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical methods. Results: The prevalence of HbA1c self-awareness was approximately 44.5%. A total of 4 participants characteristics (glycemic control, education level, monthly income and number of follow-up visits) were associated with awareness of HbA1c. Whereas for better glycemic control; type of treatment, duration of diabetes, and self-awareness of HbA1c were independently statistically significantly associated. Conclusion: There is a positive association between HbA1c self-awareness and glycemic control. Glycemic control was good among those who were educated on the meaning of the test, their levels, and their target goal. Awareness among health care providers regarding the role of the patient’s education regarding their condition might help in providing the patient with optimal care. Further studies with different experimental designs are needed to study this association, which will contribute to the development of a structured educational program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joud S. Almutairi
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Joud S. Almutairi, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1183-4858
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hiba Y. Alruhaim
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad H. Mujammami
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Turki A. AlMogbel
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M. Alshahrani
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M. Al Zahrani
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Shaffi A. Shaik
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Almutairi, Almigbal, Alruhaim, Batais, Ahamed); from the Department of Medicine (Mujammami), Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, College of Medicine, King Saud University, from the College of Medicine (Almigbal), Alfarabi College, Riyadh, from the Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, from the Department of Family Medicine (Alshahrani), College of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, and from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
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10
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Alwalan SI, Alrasheed AA, Aldossari KK, Al-Zahrani JM, Alshahrani AM, Batais MA, Almigbal TH. Prevalence and characteristics of multivitamin-multimineral (MVMM) use among Saudi populations in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2022; 101:e28638. [PMID: 35089203 PMCID: PMC8797584 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Use of multivitamin multimineral (MVMM) preparations is prevalent and growing worldwide, contributing to major health expenditure. Minimal literature on prevalence and characteristics of MVMM use is available from Saudi Arabia.The study was conducted to determine the prevalence and characteristics of MVMM use among Saudi population in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.A cross-sectional study was conducted at 6 shopping malls located in the different regions of Riyadh city for 6 months from February 01, 2019, to July 31, 2019. A well-structured English questionnaire was developed, translated into Arabic language, and validated by the experts. A pertinent inclusion and exclusion criteria were established. After having informed consent to be included in the study, the printed copies of the questionnaire were distributed among the participants using a convenient sampling technique. The data were collected and analyzed using SPSS version 24. Descriptive statistics were presented as numbers, percentages, means, and standard deviations. A P value of ≤.05 and 95% confidence intervals were used to report the statistical significance.Out of 1200 surveys distributed, 1105 were returned by the participants (response rate 92%). Prevalence of MVMM supplements use turned out to be 47%. The study revealed statistically significant association between MVMM use and gender, marital status, education, regular exercise, smoking, following special diet, and eating fruits and vegetables (P ≤ .05). Majority of the participants used MVMM on daily basis (57.9%), and hospital prescriptions (57.9%) were the most common reason of MVMM use. Majority of the participants used MVMM for diet supplements (32.2%), health promotion (29.4%), and treatment of disease (16%).The MVMM use is prevalent in Saudi population, warranting sound regulatory policies for their judicial use and increase awareness about the benefits and side effects of dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saleh I. Alwalan
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alrasheed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled K. Aldossari
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamaan M. Al-Zahrani
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabi
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11
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Alrasheed AA, Alharbi AH, Alotaibi AF, Alqarni AH, Alshahrani AM, Almigbal TH, Batais MA. Prevalence, Reasons and Determinants of Patients' Nondisclosure to Their Doctors in Saudi Arabia: A Community-Based Study. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:245-253. [PMID: 35125866 PMCID: PMC8811268 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s347796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patient-doctor communication is a fundamental component of patients' care. Withholding important information to the doctor can negatively affect the patients' health and patient-doctor communication. AIM This study aimed to explore the fundamental types of information that patients hide from doctors, eg, the use of medication, health-related lifestyle, or disagreement with the doctor's plan. In addition, this study examines the prevalence and reasons for this nondisclosure and factors associated with it. METHODOLOGY An online survey was conducted using a self-designed questionnaire, which was distributed to social media, targeting the residents of Saudi Arabia from February 1, 2021 to February 28, 2021. Respondents under 18 years of age and those who provided incomplete/incorrect data were excluded from the study. Types of nondisclosed information and their reasons were evaluated. RESULTS A total of 2725 participants completed the questionnaire, and 1392 (51.1%) were males. About 43.2% of the participants were 18-29 years. Most (82%) responded "yes" to the question "Have you ever withheld any information from your doctor?" Nondisclosed information commonly involved disagreements with the recommendation (44.7%), not taking prescription medication as instructed (40.6%), and not understanding the instructions (37.4%). The most frequent reasons (68.7%) for nondisclosure were that the participants wanted to undergo further tests, did not like the doctor's attitude (48.7%) and felt it did not matter to the doctor (43.2%). Those under 40 were more apt to withhold information (70.4%) than older participants (29.6%) p value = 0.0034. Other factors like gender, education level, and marital status were not associated with nondisclosure. CONCLUSION The prevalence of nondisclosure to doctors is high. Effective communication skills and sound doctor-patient relationships may reduce this risk and improve the care delivered to the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah A Alrasheed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Abdullah A Alrasheed, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 55 644 0445, Email
| | | | | | | | - Abdullah M Alshahrani
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Bisha, Bisha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges in Riyadh, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Batais MA, Alfraiji AF, Alyahya AA, Aloofi OA, Almashouq MK, Alshehri KS, Almizel AM, Alotaibi MT, Alosaimi FD. Assessing the Prevalence of Diabetes Distress and Determining Its Psychosocial Predictors Among Saudi Adults With Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Psychol 2021; 12:759454. [PMID: 35002853 PMCID: PMC8729169 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.759454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the global burden of diabetes distress has increased significantly worldwide, imposing mental health issues on patients and the healthcare system. Hence, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of diabetes distress and determine its psychosocial predictors among Saudi adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted at Diabetes Clinics, Tertiary Care Academic Medical Center, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The survey questionnaire was distributed to 423 participants. The sample size was 384, where the prevalence of diabetes distress was 48.5%. Based on 5% precision and a confidence interval of 95%, the response rate was 78.25% (334 respondents), among which 61.4% of respondents were females, the remaining 38.6% were males, and the mean age was 56.39 years. The mean scores for the Saudi Arabian Diabetes Distress Scale-17 (SADDS-17) subdomains including emotional burden, physician-related distress, regimen-related distress, and interpersonal distress were 2.63 ± 1.29, 2.31 ± 1.44, 2.48 ± 1.16, and 2.23 ± 1.24, respectively. Based on the World Health Organization Quality of Life Assessment Instrument, Short Version (WHOQOL-BREF) transformed scores, the quality of life was recorded as 62.7%. There was a statistically significant positive correlation between the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) score (r = 0.287, p < 0.01) and the total SADDS-17 scores. The Patient Health Questionaire (PHQ) 15 scores showed significant positive correlations with the total SADDS-17 scores (r = 0.288, p < 0.01) and each of the four subdomains. Our present study revealed that diabetes distress prevalence is alarmingly high among patients in Saudi Arabia, Riyadh. Our findings provide evidence that physical symptoms, quality of life, depression, and anxiety are the notable predictors of diabetes distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fahad D. Alosaimi
- Psychiatry and Psychosomatic Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alyami M, Serlachius A, Law M, Murphy R, Almigbal TH, Lyndon M, Batais MA, Algaw RK, Broadbent E. Utility and acceptability of a brief type 2 diabetes visual animation: A mixed-methods feasibility study (Preprint). JMIR Form Res 2021; 6:e35079. [PMID: 35943787 PMCID: PMC9399876 DOI: 10.2196/35079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Visualizations of illness and treatment processes are promising interventions for changing unhelpful perceptions and improving health outcomes. However, these are yet to be tested in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Objective This study assesses the cross-cultural acceptability and potential effectiveness of a brief visual animation of T2DM at changing unhelpful illness and treatment perceptions and self-efficacy among patients and family members in 2 countries, New Zealand and Saudi Arabia. Health care professionals’ views on visualization are also explored. Methods A total of 52 participants (n=39, 75% patients and family members and n=13, 25% health care professionals) were shown a 7-minute T2DM visual animation. Patients and family members completed a questionnaire on illness and treatment perceptions and self-efficacy before and immediately after the intervention and completed semistructured interviews. Health care professionals completed written open-ended questions. Means and 95% CIs are reported to estimate potential effectiveness. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted on qualitative data. Results All participants rated the visual animation as acceptable and engaging. Four main themes were identified: animation-related factors, impact of the animation, animation as an effective format for delivering information, and management-related factors. Effect sizes (ranged from 0.10 to 0.56) suggested potential effectiveness for changing illness and treatment perceptions and self-efficacy among patients and family members. Conclusions Visualizations are acceptable and may improve the perceptions of patients’ with diabetes in a short time frame. This brief visual animation has the potential to improve current T2DM education. A subsequent randomized controlled trial to investigate the effects on illness and treatment perceptions, adherence, glycemic control, and unplanned hospital admission is being prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Alyami
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Anna Serlachius
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mikaela Law
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Rinki Murphy
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
- Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mataroria Lyndon
- Centre for Medical and Health Sciences Education, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawabi K Algaw
- Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth Broadbent
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Alhasan K, Aljamaan F, Temsah MH, Alshahrani F, Bassrawi R, Alhaboob A, Assiri R, Alenezi S, Alaraj A, Alhomoudi RI, Batais MA, Al-Eyadhy L, Halwani R, AbdulMajeed N, Al-Jedai A, Senjab A, Memish ZA, Al-Subaie S, Barry M, Al-Tawfiq JA. COVID-19 Delta Variant: Perceptions, Worries, and Vaccine-Booster Acceptability among Healthcare Workers. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1566. [PMID: 34828612 PMCID: PMC8621199 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: As the COVID-19 Delta variant has spread across the globe, healthcare workers' (HCWs) knowledge, worries, and vaccine booster acceptance should be assessed. Methods: Online questionnaires aimed at HCWs in Saudi Arabia were distributed between 9 and 12 August 2021, aiming to evaluate HCWs' perceptions and worries about the Delta variant as well as their feelings about receiving a booster-vaccine. Results: A total of 1279 HCWs participated, with 51.1% being physicians and 41.7% nurses. 92.5% were aware of the emergence of the Delta variant. Still, only 28.7% were found to have sufficient knowledge of the variant, and their level of worry about it was higher than their level of worry about the Alpha variant (2.32/5 versus 1.79/5). The main information sources cited by the participants were social media (50.5%), while 30.5% used scientific journals. Overall, 55.3% were willing to receive a vaccine booster, while one third would have preferred to receive a new mRNA vaccine specifically developed for the Delta variant. Factors associated with vaccine booster acceptance were receiving both vaccination doses (p = 0.008), believing that the Pfizer-BioNTech BNT162b2 vaccine is effective against variants (p < 0.001), and agreement that mixing/matching vaccines is effective against variants (p < 0.001). Conclusions: A high percentage of HCWs were aware of the Delta variant, but only a small fraction had decent quality of knowledge about it. The participants exhibited high worry levels and showed a modest acceptance of receiving a vaccine booster dose. These results should encourage public health officials to scale up educational efforts to disseminate reliable information about the different variants and provide recommendations about receiving a vaccine booster. Further research on methods to alleviate HCWs' worries about emerging variants is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Alhasan
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (A.A.); (L.A.-E.); (S.A.-S.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (R.I.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- Critical Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (A.A.); (L.A.-E.); (S.A.-S.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (R.I.A.); (N.A.)
- Prince Abdullah Ben Khaled Celiac Disease Research Chair, Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alshahrani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Rolan Bassrawi
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (R.I.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Ali Alhaboob
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (A.A.); (L.A.-E.); (S.A.-S.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (R.I.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Rasha Assiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bent Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Shuliweeh Alenezi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ali Alaraj
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medicine, Doctor Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh 11643, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reham I. Alhomoudi
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (R.I.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Lama Al-Eyadhy
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (A.A.); (L.A.-E.); (S.A.-S.)
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Naif AbdulMajeed
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (R.I.A.); (N.A.)
- Pediatric Nephrology Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Al-Jedai
- Deputyship of Therapeutic Affairs, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 11176, Saudi Arabia;
- Colleges of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Ziad A. Memish
- King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health & Alfaisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia;
- Hubert Department of Global Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sarah Al-Subaie
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (K.A.); (A.A.); (L.A.-E.); (S.A.-S.)
- Pediatric Department, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh 11362, Saudi Arabia; (R.B.); (R.I.A.); (N.A.)
| | - Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (F.A.); (M.B.)
| | - Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran 34465, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Disease Division, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Vallejo-Vaz AJ, Stevens CA, Lyons AR, Dharmayat KI, Freiberger T, Hovingh GK, Mata P, Raal FJ, Santos RD, Soran H, Watts GF, Abifadel M, Aguilar-Salinas CA, Alhabib KF, Alkhnifsawi M, Almahmeed W, Alnouri F, Alonso R, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Sarraf A, Al-Sayed N, Araujo F, Ashavaid TF, Banach M, Béliard S, Benn M, Binder CJ, Bogsrud MP, Bourbon M, Chlebus K, Corral P, Davletov K, Descamps OS, Durst R, Ezhov M, Gaita D, Genest J, Groselj U, Harada-Shiba M, Holven KB, Kayikcioglu M, Khovidhunkit W, Lalic K, Latkovskis G, Laufs U, Liberopoulos E, Lima-Martinez MM, Lin J, Maher V, Marais AD, März W, Mirrakhimov E, Miserez AR, Mitchenko O, Nawawi H, Nordestgaard BG, Panayiotou AG, Paragh G, Petrulioniene Z, Pojskic B, Postadzhiyan A, Raslova K, Reda A, Reiner Ž, Sadiq F, Sadoh WE, Schunkert H, Shek AB, Stoll M, Stroes E, Su TC, Subramaniam T, Susekov AV, Tilney M, Tomlinson B, Truong TH, Tselepis AD, Tybjærg-Hansen A, Vázquez Cárdenas A, Viigimaa M, Wang L, Yamashita S, Kastelein JJ, Bruckert E, Vohnout B, Schreier L, Pang J, Ebenbichler C, Dieplinger H, Innerhofer R, Winhofer-Stöckl Y, Greber-Platzer S, Krychtiuk K, Speidl W, Toplak H, Widhalm K, Stulnig T, Huber K, Höllerl F, Rega-Kaun G, Kleemann L, Mäser M, Scholl-Bürgi S, Säly C, Mayer FJ, Sablon G, Tarantino E, Nzeyimana C, Pojskic L, Sisic I, Nalbantic AD, Jannes CE, Pereira AC, Krieger JE, Petrov I, Goudev A, Nikolov F, Tisheva S, Yotov Y, Tzvetkov I, Baass A, Bergeron J, Bernard S, Brisson D, Brunham LR, Cermakova L, Couture P, Francis GA, Gaudet D, Hegele RA, Khoury E, Mancini GJ, McCrindle BW, Paquette M, Ruel I, Cuevas A, Asenjo S, Wang X, Meng K, Song X, Yong Q, Jiang T, Liu Z, Duan Y, Hong J, Ye P, Chen Y, Qi J, Liu Z, Li Y, Zhang C, Peng J, Yang Y, Yu W, Wang Q, Yuan H, Cheng S, Jiang L, Chong M, Jiao J, Wu Y, Wen W, Xu L, Zhang R, Qu Y, He J, Fan X, Wang Z, Chow E, Pećin I, Perica D, Symeonides P, Vrablik M, Ceska R, Soska V, Tichy L, Adamkova V, Franekova J, Cifkova R, Kraml P, Vonaskova K, Cepova J, Dusejovska M, Pavlickova L, Blaha V, Rosolova H, Nussbaumerova B, Cibulka R, Vaverkova H, Cibickova L, Krejsova Z, Rehouskova K, Malina P, Budikova M, Palanova V, Solcova L, Lubasova A, Podzimkova H, Bujdak J, Vesely J, Jordanova M, Salek T, Urbanek R, Zemek S, Lacko J, Halamkova H, Machacova S, Mala S, Cubova E, Valoskova K, Burda L, Bendary A, Daoud I, Emil S, Elbahry A, Rafla S, Sanad O, Kazamel G, Ashraf M, Sobhy M, El-Hadidy A, Shafy MA, Kamal S, Bendary M, Talviste G, Angoulvant D, Boccara F, Cariou B, Carreau V, Carrie A, Charrieres S, Cottin Y, Di-Fillipo M, Ducluzeau PH, Dulong S, Durlach V, Farnier M, Ferrari E, Ferrieres D, Ferrieres J, Gallo A, hankard R, Inamo J, Lemale J, Moulin P, Paillard F, Peretti N, Perrin A, Pradignac A, Rabes JP, Rigalleau V, Sultan A, Schiele F, Tounian P, Valero R, Verges B, Yelnik C, Ziegler O, Haack IA, Schmidt N, Dressel A, Klein I, Christmann J, Sonntag A, Stumpp C, Boger D, Biedermann D, Usme MM, Beil FU, Klose G, König C, Gouni-Berthold I, Otte B, Böll G, Kirschbaum A, Merke J, Scholl J, Segiet T, Gebauer M, Predica F, Mayer M, Leistikow F, Füllgraf-Horst S, Müller C, Schüler M, Wiener J, Hein K, Baumgartner P, Kopf S, Busch R, Schömig M, Matthias S, Allendorf-Ostwald N, Fink B, Böhm D, Jäkel A, Koschker AC, Schweizer R, Vogt A, Parhofer K, König W, Reinhard W, Bäßler A, Stadelmann A, Schrader V, Katzmann J, Tarr A, Steinhagen-Thiessen E, Kassner U, Paulsen G, Homberger J, Zemmrich C, Seeger W, Biolik K, Deiss D, Richter C, Pantchechnikova E, Dorn E, Schatz U, Julius U, Spens A, Wiesner T, Scholl M, Rizos CV, Sakkas N, Elisaf M, Skoumas I, Tziomalos K, Rallidis L, Kotsis V, Doumas M, Athyros V, Skalidis E, Kolovou G, Garoufi A, Bilianou E, Koutagiar I, Agapakis D, Kiouri E, Antza C, Katsiki N, Zacharis E, Attilakos A, Sfikas G, Koumaras C, Anagnostis P, Anastasiou G, Liamis G, Koutsogianni AD, Karányi Z, Harangi M, Bajnok L, Audikovszky M, Márk L, Benczúr B, Reiber I, Nagy G, Nagy A, Reddy LL, Shah SA, Ponde CK, Dalal JJ, Sawhney JP, Verma IC, Altaey M, Al-Jumaily K, Rasul D, Abdalsahib AF, Jabbar AA, Al-ageedi M, Agar R, Cohen H, Ellis A, Gavishv D, Harats D, Henkin Y, Knobler H, Leavit L, Leitersdorf E, Rubinstein A, Schurr D, Shpitzen S, Szalat A, Casula M, Zampoleri V, Gazzotti M, Olmastroni E, Sarzani R, Ferri C, Repetti E, Sabbà C, Bossi AC, Borghi C, Muntoni S, Cipollone F, Purrello F, Pujia A, Passaro A, Marcucci R, Pecchioli V, Pisciotta L, Mandraffino G, Pellegatta F, Mombelli G, Branchi A, Fiorenza AM, Pederiva C, Werba JP, Parati G, Carubbi F, Iughetti L, Iannuzzi A, Iannuzzo G, Calabrò P, Averna M, Biasucci G, Zambon S, Roscini AR, Trenti C, Arca M, Federici M, Del Ben M, Bartuli A, Giaccari A, Pipolo A, Citroni N, Guardamagna O, Bonomo K, Benso A, Biolo G, Maroni L, Lupi A, Bonanni L, Zenti MG, Matsuki K, Hori M, Ogura M, Masuda D, Kobayashi T, Nagahama K, Al-Jarallah M, Radovic M, Lunegova O, Bektasheva E, Khodzhiboboev E, Erglis A, Gilis D, Nesterovics G, Saripo V, Meiere R, Upena-RozeMicena A, Terauda E, Jambart S, Khoury PE, Elbitar S, Ayoub C, Ghaleb Y, Aliosaitiene U, Kutkiene S, Kasim NA, Nor NS, Ramli AS, Razak SA, Al-Khateeb A, Kadir SH, Muid SA, Rahman TA, Kasim SS, Radzi AB, Ibrahim KS, Razali S, Ismail Z, Ghani RA, Hafidz MI, Chua AL, Rosli MM, Annamalai M, Teh LK, Razali R, Chua YA, Rosman A, Sanusi AR, Murad NA, Jamal ARA, Nazli SA, Razman AZ, Rosman N, Rahmat R, Hamzan NS, Azzopardi C, Mehta R, Martagon AJ, Ramirez GA, Villa NE, Vazquez AV, Elias-Lopez D, Retana GG, Rodriguez B, Macías JJ, Zazueta AR, Alvarado RM, Portano JD, Lopez HA, Sauque-Reyna L, Herrera LG, Mendia LE, Aguilar HG, Cooremans ER, Aparicio BP, Zubieta VM, Gonzalez PA, Ferreira-Hermosillo A, Portilla NC, Dominguez GJ, Garcia AY, Cazares HE, Gonzalez JR, Valencia CV, Padilla FG, Prado RM, De los Rios Ibarra MO, Villicaña RD, Rivera KJ, Carrera RA, Alvarez JA, Martinez JC, de los Reyes Barrera Bustillo M, Vargas GC, Chacon RC, Andrade MH, Ortega AF, Alcala HG, de Leon LE, Guzman BG, Garcia JJ, Cuellar JC, Cruz JR, Garcia AH, Almada JR, Herrera UJ, Sobrevilla FL, Rodriguez EM, Sibaja CM, Rodriguez AB, Oyervides JC, Vazquez DI, Rodriguez EA, Osorio ML, Saucedo JR, Tamayo MT, Talavera LA, Arroyo LE, Carrillo EA, Isara A, Obaseki DE, Al-Waili K, Al-Zadjali F, Al-Zakwani I, Al-Kindi M, Al-Mukhaini S, Al-Barwani H, Rana A, Shah LS, Starostecka E, Konopka A, Lewek J, Bartłomiejczyk M, Gąsior M, Dyrbuś K, Jóźwiak J, Gruchała M, Pajkowski M, Romanowska-Kocejko M, Żarczyńska-Buchowiecka M, Chmara M, Wasąg B, Parczewska A, Gilis-Malinowska N, Borowiec-Wolna J, Stróżyk A, Woś M, Michalska-Grzonkowska A, Medeiros AM, Alves AC, Silva F, Lobarinhas G, Palma I, de Moura JP, Rico MT, Rato Q, Pais P, Correia S, Moldovan O, Virtuoso MJ, Salgado JM, Colaço I, Dumitrescu A, Lengher C, Mosteoru S, Meshkov A, Ershova A, Rozkova T, Korneva V, Yu KT, Zafiraki V, Voevoda M, Gurevich V, Duplyakov D, Ragino Y, Safarova M, Shaposhnik I, Alkaf F, Khudari A, Rwaili N, Al-Allaf F, Alghamdi M, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Kinsara A, AlQudaimi AH, Awan Z, Elamin OA, Altaradi H, Rajkovic N, Popovic L, Singh S, Stosic L, Rasulic I, Lalic NM, Lam C, Le TJ, Siang EL, Dissanayake S, I-Shing JT, Shyong TE, Jin TC, Balinth K, Buganova I, Fabryova L, Kadurova M, Klabnik A, Kozárová M, Sirotiakova J, Battelino T, Kovac J, Mlinaric M, Sustar U, Podkrajsek KT, Fras Z, Jug B, Cevc M, Pilcher GJ, Blom D, Wolmarans K, Brice B, Muñiz-Grijalvo O, Díaz-Díaz JL, de Isla LP, Fuentes F, Badimon L, Martin F, Lux A, Chang NT, Ganokroj P, Akbulut M, Alici G, Bayram F, Can LH, Celik A, Ceyhan C, Coskun FY, Demir M, Demircan S, Dogan V, Durakoglugil E, Dural IE, Gedikli O, Hacioglu A, Ildizli M, Kilic S, Kirilmaz B, Kutlu M, Oguz A, Ozdogan O, Onrat E, Ozer S, Sabuncu T, Sahin T, Sivri F, Sonmez A, Temizhan A, Topcu S, Tuncez A, Vural M, Yenercag M, Yesilbursa D, Yigit Z, Yildirim AB, Yildirir A, Yilmaz MB, Atallah B, Traina M, Sabbour H, Hay DA, Luqman N, Elfatih A, Abdulrasheed A, Kwok S, Oca ND, Reyes X, Alieva RB, Kurbanov RD, Hoshimov SU, Nizamov UI, Ziyaeva AV, Abdullaeva GJ, Do DL, Nguyen MN, Kim NT, Le TT, Le HA, Tokgozoglu L, Catapano AL, Ray KK. Global perspective of familial hypercholesterolaemia: a cross-sectional study from the EAS Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC). Lancet 2021; 398:1713-1725. [PMID: 34506743 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)01122-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The European Atherosclerosis Society Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) global registry provides a platform for the global surveillance of familial hypercholesterolaemia through harmonisation and pooling of multinational data. In this study, we aimed to characterise the adult population with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia and described how it is detected and managed globally. METHODS Using FHSC global registry data, we did a cross-sectional assessment of adults (aged 18 years or older) with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of probable or definite heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia at the time they were entered into the registries. Data were assessed overall and by WHO regions, sex, and index versus non-index cases. FINDINGS Of the 61 612 individuals in the registry, 42 167 adults (21 999 [53·6%] women) from 56 countries were included in the study. Of these, 31 798 (75·4%) were diagnosed with the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria, and 35 490 (84·2%) were from the WHO region of Europe. Median age of participants at entry in the registry was 46·2 years (IQR 34·3-58·0); median age at diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia was 44·4 years (32·5-56·5), with 40·2% of participants younger than 40 years when diagnosed. Prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors increased progressively with age and varied by WHO region. Prevalence of coronary disease was 17·4% (2·1% for stroke and 5·2% for peripheral artery disease), increasing with concentrations of untreated LDL cholesterol, and was about two times lower in women than in men. Among patients receiving lipid-lowering medications, 16 803 (81·1%) were receiving statins and 3691 (21·2%) were on combination therapy, with greater use of more potent lipid-lowering medication in men than in women. Median LDL cholesterol was 5·43 mmol/L (IQR 4·32-6·72) among patients not taking lipid-lowering medications and 4·23 mmol/L (3·20-5·66) among those taking them. Among patients taking lipid-lowering medications, 2·7% had LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L; the use of combination therapy, particularly with three drugs and with proprotein convertase subtilisin-kexin type 9 inhibitors, was associated with a higher proportion and greater odds of having LDL cholesterol lower than 1·8 mmol/L. Compared with index cases, patients who were non-index cases were younger, with lower LDL cholesterol and lower prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors and cardiovascular diseases (all p<0·001). INTERPRETATION Familial hypercholesterolaemia is diagnosed late. Guideline-recommended LDL cholesterol concentrations are infrequently achieved with single-drug therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors and presence of coronary disease were lower among non-index cases, who were diagnosed earlier. Earlier detection and greater use of combination therapies are required to reduce the global burden of familial hypercholesterolaemia. FUNDING Pfizer, Amgen, Merck Sharp & Dohme, Sanofi-Aventis, Daiichi Sankyo, and Regeneron.
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16
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Temsah MH, Alhuzaimi AN, Aljamaan F, Bahkali F, Al-Eyadhy A, Alrabiaah A, Alhaboob A, Bashiri FA, Alshaer A, Temsah O, Bassrawi R, Alshahrani F, Chaiah Y, Alaraj A, Assiri RA, Jamal A, Batais MA, Saddik B, Halwani R, Alzamil F, Memish ZA, Barry M, Al-Subaie S, Al-Tawfiq JA, Alhasan K. Parental Attitudes and Hesitancy About COVID-19 vs. Routine Childhood Vaccinations: A National Survey. Front Public Health 2021; 9:752323. [PMID: 34722451 PMCID: PMC8548678 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.752323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To quantify parental acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine and assess the vaccine hesitancy (VH) for COVID-19 vs. childhood vaccines. Methods: Eight vaccine hesitancy scale (VHS) items, adopted from WHO's Strategic Advisory Group of Immunization (SAGE), were used to assess VH for COVID-19 vaccine vs. routine childhood vaccines. We distributed the online survey to parents with the commence of the national childhood COVID-19 vaccination program in Saudi Arabia. Results: Among 3,167 parents, 47.6% are decided to vaccinate their children against COVID-19. The most common reasons for refusal were inadequate safety information (69%) and worry about side effects (60.6%). Parents have a significantly greater positive attitudes toward children's routine vaccines vs. the COVID-19 vaccine, with higher mean VHS (±SD) = 2.98 ± 0.58 vs. 2.63 ± 0.73, respectively (p-value < 0.001). Parents agreed more that routine childhood vaccines are more essential and effective as compared to the COVID-19 vaccine (Cohen's D: 0.946, and 0.826, consecutively; T-test p-value < 0.00). There is more parental anxiety about serious side effects of the COVID-19 vaccine vs. routine childhood vaccines (Cohen's D = 0.706, p-value < 0.001). Parents who relied on the Ministry of Health information were more predicted (OR = 1.28, p-value = 0.035) to intend to vaccinate as opposed to those who used the WHO website (OR = 0.47, −53%, p-value < 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression analysis, the factors associated with intention to vaccinate children were parents who received COVID-19 vaccine, older parents, having children aged 12–18, and parents with lower education levels. Conclusions: Significant proportion of parents are hesitant about the COVID-19 vaccine because they are less confident in its effectiveness, safety, and whether it is essential for their children. Relying on the national official healthcare authority's website for the source of information was associated with increased acceptance of childhood COVID-19 vaccination. As parental intention to vaccinate children against COVID-19 is suboptimal, healthcare authorities could boost vaccine uptake by campaigns targeting hesitant parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah N Alhuzaimi
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fadi Aljamaan
- Critical Care Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Feras Bahkali
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Al-Eyadhy
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulkarim Alrabiaah
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alhaboob
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Bashiri
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Alshaer
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Temsah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rolan Bassrawi
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatimah Alshahrani
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yazan Chaiah
- College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Alaraj
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.,Dr Sulaiman Al Habib Medical Group, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rasha Assad Assiri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amr Jamal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Basema Saddik
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute of Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Fahad Alzamil
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ziad A Memish
- Research and Innovation Center, King Saud Medical City, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Mazin Barry
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University and King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sarah Al-Subaie
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaffar A Al-Tawfiq
- Specialty Internal Medicine and Quality Department, Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States.,Infectious Disease Division, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Khalid Alhasan
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Alammari G, Alhazzani H, AlRajhi N, Sales I, Jamal A, Almigbal TH, Batais MA, Asiri YA, AlRuthia Y. Validation of an Arabic Version of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS). Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1430. [PMID: 34828477 PMCID: PMC8618901 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9111430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication non-adherence is a complex multifactorial phenomenon impacting patients with various health conditions worldwide. Therefore, its detection can improve patient outcomes and minimize the risk of adverse consequences. Even though multiple self-reported medication adherence assessment scales are available, very few of them exist in Arabic language. Therefore, the aim of this study was to validate a newly translated Arabic version of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) among patients with chronic health conditions. METHODS This is a single-center cross-sectional study that was conducted between October 10th 2018 and March 23rd 2021. ARMS was first translated to Arabic using the forward-backward translation method. The translated scale was then piloted among 21 patients with chronic health conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension, etc.…) to examine its reliability and comprehensibility using the test-retest method. Thereafter, the Arabic-translated ARMS was self-administered to adult patients aged ≥18 years with chronic health conditions visiting the primary care clinics of a university-affiliated tertiary care hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Construct validity was examined using factor analysis with varimax rotation. RESULTS Of the 264 patients who were invited to participate, 202 (76.5%) consented and completed the questionnaire. Most of the participants were males (69.9%), married (75.2%), having a college degree or higher (50.9%), retired or unemployed (65.2%), aged ≥ 50 years (65.2%), and are diabetic (95.9%). The 12-item Arabic-translated ARMS mean score was 17.93 ± 4.90, and the scale yielded good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.802) and test-retest reliability (Intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.97). Two factors were extracted explaining 100% of the of the total variance (factor 1 = 52.94% and factor 2 = 47.06%). CONCLUSIONS The 12-item Arabic version of ARMS demonstrated good validity and reliability. Therefore, it should help in the detection of medication non-adherence among Arabic-speaking patient population and minimize the risk of adverse consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaida Alammari
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.); (I.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Hawazin Alhazzani
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.); (I.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Nouf AlRajhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.); (I.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Ibrahim Sales
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.); (I.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Amr Jamal
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 3145, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (T.H.A.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 3145, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (T.H.A.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, P.O. Box 3145, Riyadh 12372, Saudi Arabia; (A.J.); (T.H.A.); (M.A.B.)
| | - Yousif A. Asiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.); (I.S.); (Y.A.A.)
| | - Yazed AlRuthia
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (G.A.); (H.A.); (N.A.); (I.S.); (Y.A.A.)
- Pharmacoeconomics Research Unit, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2454, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Batais MA, Alosaimi FD, AlYahya AA, Aloofi OA, Almashouq MK, Alshehri KS, Alfraiji AF. Translation, cultural adaptation, and evaluation of the psychometric properties of an Arabic diabetes distress scale: A cross sectional study from Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2021; 42:509-516. [PMID: 33896780 PMCID: PMC9149698 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.5.20200286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To translate, validate, and adapt the diabetes distress scale (DDS)-17 to a Saudi Arabian (SA) DDS (SADDS-17). Also, to evaluate the psychometric properties of the newly adapted SADDS-17. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study evaluating the psychometric properties of the DDS. The DDS was translated using the forward-backward translation from English to Arabic at King Saud University Medical City (KSUMC), Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, in January 2016. Statistical analyses included exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, testretest reliability, and construct validity. Moreover, contingent validity was evaluated using hospital anxiety and depression scale, visual analogue scale, and the World Health Organization quality of life assessment instrument. Results: A total of 109 participants were included in this study. The exploratory factor analysis of our Arabic scale supported the original DDS with 4 sub-scales. Correlations ranged from 0.376 to 0.718 for items in regimen-related distress, 0.327 to 0.533 for items in emotional burden, 0.413 to 0.722 for items in physician-related distress, and 0.492 to 0.556 for items in interpersonal distress. The Cronbach’s alpha value of the SADDS was 0.848 for the total scale. The test-retest reliability value was 0.78. Conclusion: Our SADDS is a valid and reliable instrument for detecting diabetes distress among Saudi Arabian patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Batais
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Batais); From the Department of Psychiatry (Alosaimi); and from the College of Medicine (AlYahya, Aloofi, Almashouq, Alshehri, Alfraiji), King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad D. Alosaimi
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Batais); From the Department of Psychiatry (Alosaimi); and from the College of Medicine (AlYahya, Aloofi, Almashouq, Alshehri, Alfraiji), King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulrahman A. AlYahya
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Batais); From the Department of Psychiatry (Alosaimi); and from the College of Medicine (AlYahya, Aloofi, Almashouq, Alshehri, Alfraiji), King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ouf A. Aloofi
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Batais); From the Department of Psychiatry (Alosaimi); and from the College of Medicine (AlYahya, Aloofi, Almashouq, Alshehri, Alfraiji), King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammad K. Almashouq
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Batais); From the Department of Psychiatry (Alosaimi); and from the College of Medicine (AlYahya, Aloofi, Almashouq, Alshehri, Alfraiji), King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalid S. Alshehri
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Batais); From the Department of Psychiatry (Alosaimi); and from the College of Medicine (AlYahya, Aloofi, Almashouq, Alshehri, Alfraiji), King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz F. Alfraiji
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Batais); From the Department of Psychiatry (Alosaimi); and from the College of Medicine (AlYahya, Aloofi, Almashouq, Alshehri, Alfraiji), King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Dr. Abdulaziz F. Alfraiji, King Saud University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5405-5045
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19
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Alhabib KF, Al-Rasadi K, Almigbal TH, Batais MA, Al-Zakwani I, Al-Allaf FA, Al-Waili K, Zadjali F, Alghamdi M, Alnouri F, Awan Z, Kinsara AJ, AlQudaimi A, Almahmeed W, Sabbour H, Traina M, Atallah B, Al-Jarallah M, AlSarraf A, AlSayed N, Amin H, Altaradi H. Familial Hypercholesterolemia in the Arabian Gulf Region: Clinical results of the Gulf FH Registry. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0251560. [PMID: 34086694 PMCID: PMC8177652 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a common autosomal dominant disorder that can result in premature atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD). Limited data are available worldwide about the prevalence and management of FH. Here, we aimed to estimate the prevalence and management of patients with FH in five Arabian Gulf countries (Saudi Arabia, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Kuwait, and Bahrain). METHODS The multicentre, multinational Gulf FH registry included adults (≥18 years old) recruited from outpatient clinics in 14 tertiary-care centres across five Arabian Gulf countries over the last five years. The Gulf FH registry had four phases: 1- screening, 2- classification based on the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network, 3- genetic testing, and 4- follow-up. RESULTS Among 34,366 screened patient records, 3713 patients had suspected FH (mean age: 49±15 years; 52% women) and 306 patients had definite or probable FH. Thus, the estimated FH prevalence was 0.9% (1:112). Treatments included high-intensity statin therapy (34%), ezetimibe (10%), and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (0.4%). Targets for low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were achieved by 12% and 30%, respectively, of patients at high ASCVD risk, and by 3% and 6%, respectively, of patients at very high ASCVD risk (p <0.001; for both comparisons). CONCLUSIONS This snap-shot study was the first to show the high estimated prevalence of FH in the Arabian Gulf region (about 3-fold the estimated prevalence worldwide), and is a "call-to-action" for further confirmation in future population studies. The small proportions of patients that achieved target LDL-C values implied that health care policies need to implement nation-wide screening, raise FH awareness, and improve management strategies for FH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid F. Alhabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Medical Research Centre, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Alfarabi College of Medicine, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim Al-Zakwani
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
- Gulf Health Research, Muscat, Oman
| | - Faisal A. Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Waili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Fahad Alnouri
- Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zuhier Awan
- Clinical Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhalim J. Kinsara
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affair, COM-WR, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Hani Sabbour
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Mahmoud Traina
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, UAE
| | - Bassam Atallah
- Department of Pharmacy, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Al Maryah Island, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States of America
| | | | - Ahmad AlSarraf
- Department of Medicine, Sabah Al-Ahmed Cardiac Center, Kuwait
| | | | | | - Hani Altaradi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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20
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Alruhaim HY, Almigbal TH, Almutairi JS, Mujammami MH, AlMogbel TA, Alrasheed AA, Al Zahrani AM, Batais MA. The association between diabetes numeracy and diabetes self-management among Saudi adults with insulin-treated diabetes. Saudi Med J 2021; 42:517-525. [PMID: 33896781 PMCID: PMC9149690 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2021.42.5.20200422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the association between diabetes numeracy and diabetes self-management among Saudi adults with insulin-treated diabetes. METHODS From August 2018 to January 2019, a cross-sectional study was conducted in 3 diabetes centers in Riyadh, Buraydah, and Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Systematic random sampling was used to include 290 Saudi adults with insulin-treated diabetes. The levels of diabetes numeracy and diabetes self-management were measured by using the Diabetes Numeracy Test tool (DNT-15) and Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire tool (DSMQ). RESULTS The final analysis included 279 completed surveys. The mean total score of DSMQ was 6.47. The total DSMQ score was higher among patients who had a lower level of education (p=0.02), and patients who had a higher level of diabetes knowledge (p=0.01). The mean total score of DNT-15 was 41.3%. Patients who had lower diabetes numeracy scores tended to be younger, married, have fewer years of education, have a lower monthly income(p<0.001), use insulin only, and have type 1 diabetes. Patients who achieved a total score of 82%, and higher in DNT-15 have also achieved the highest score in DSMQ (p=0.17). A linear regression analysis adjusted for level of education, diabetes knowledge, and other variables found a modest association between low diabetes numeracy and low diabetes self-management (p=0.08). CONCLUSION Lower level of diabetes numeracy was associated with lower level of diabetes self-management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiba Y. Alruhaim
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alruhaim, Almigbal, Almutairi, Alrasheed, Batais), from the Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit (Mujammami), College of Medicine, King Saud University; from the Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges (Almigbal); from the King Saud University Medical City (Almigbal, Mujammami, Alrasheed, Batais), Riyadh; from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah; and from the Buraydah Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alruhaim, Almigbal, Almutairi, Alrasheed, Batais), from the Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit (Mujammami), College of Medicine, King Saud University; from the Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges (Almigbal); from the King Saud University Medical City (Almigbal, Mujammami, Alrasheed, Batais), Riyadh; from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah; and from the Buraydah Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Joud S. Almutairi
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alruhaim, Almigbal, Almutairi, Alrasheed, Batais), from the Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit (Mujammami), College of Medicine, King Saud University; from the Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges (Almigbal); from the King Saud University Medical City (Almigbal, Mujammami, Alrasheed, Batais), Riyadh; from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah; and from the Buraydah Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad H. Mujammami
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alruhaim, Almigbal, Almutairi, Alrasheed, Batais), from the Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit (Mujammami), College of Medicine, King Saud University; from the Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges (Almigbal); from the King Saud University Medical City (Almigbal, Mujammami, Alrasheed, Batais), Riyadh; from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah; and from the Buraydah Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Turki A. AlMogbel
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alruhaim, Almigbal, Almutairi, Alrasheed, Batais), from the Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit (Mujammami), College of Medicine, King Saud University; from the Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges (Almigbal); from the King Saud University Medical City (Almigbal, Mujammami, Alrasheed, Batais), Riyadh; from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah; and from the Buraydah Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah A. Alrasheed
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alruhaim, Almigbal, Almutairi, Alrasheed, Batais), from the Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit (Mujammami), College of Medicine, King Saud University; from the Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges (Almigbal); from the King Saud University Medical City (Almigbal, Mujammami, Alrasheed, Batais), Riyadh; from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah; and from the Buraydah Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdullah M. Al Zahrani
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alruhaim, Almigbal, Almutairi, Alrasheed, Batais), from the Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit (Mujammami), College of Medicine, King Saud University; from the Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges (Almigbal); from the King Saud University Medical City (Almigbal, Mujammami, Alrasheed, Batais), Riyadh; from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah; and from the Buraydah Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alruhaim, Almigbal, Almutairi, Alrasheed, Batais), from the Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit (Mujammami), College of Medicine, King Saud University; from the Vision College of Medicine, Vision Colleges (Almigbal); from the King Saud University Medical City (Almigbal, Mujammami, Alrasheed, Batais), Riyadh; from the Department of Family Medicine (Al Zahrani), King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah; and from the Buraydah Diabetes Centre (AlMogbel), King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraydah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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21
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Al-Sofiani ME, Batais MA, Aldhafiri E, Alzaid A. Pharmacological treatment of type 2 diabetes in Saudi Arabia: A consensus statement from the Saudi Society of Endocrinology and Metabolism (SSEM). Diabetes Metab Syndr 2021; 15:891-899. [PMID: 33895710 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The list of available treatment options for managing blood glucose in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) has grown over recent years making the task of choosing between traditional and newer glucose-lowering agents a difficult one for healthcare providers. METHODS We summarize treatment algorithms developed by popular professional societies and propose a patient-centered and culture-driven recommendations for selecting diabetes medications for people with T2D in Saudi Arabia. RESULTS Though most professional societies recognize patient's adherence to medications as an important factor in achieving glycemic targets, published algorithms schemes do not formally enlist adherence to medication as a deciding factor in the choice of glucose-lowering agents. Medication appeal to patients, an important determinant of medication adherence, is influenced by several factors including lifestyle, common beliefs, customs and traditions, health literacy, perception of health and disease, socioeconomic and cultural backgrounds, and religious commitments and obligations. In Saudi Arabia, poor adherence to therapy is a major obstacle to effective management of local people with T2D. CONCLUSIONS The Saudi population has a unique socioeconomic and cultural background that widely respect adherence to religion and culture; and the applicability of international guidelines for the management of T2D to the Saudi population has been called into question. In this consensus statement, we propose patient-centered and culture-driven recommendations that integrate medication-adherence and medication-cost into overall selection of diabetes medications for people with T2D in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed E Al-Sofiani
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism, the Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Strategic Center for Diabetes Research, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Aus Alzaid
- Diabetes Consultant, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Almunif DS, Bamehriz F, Althuwaini S, Almigbal TH, Batais MA. The Effect of Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy on Serum Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone Levels in Obese Patients with Overt and Subclinical Hypothyroidism: a 7-Year Retrospective Study. Obes Surg 2021; 30:1491-1497. [PMID: 31848987 DOI: 10.1007/s11695-019-04337-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inconsistent results were reported by several studies that evaluated the effect of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on thyroid function panel. This study is aimed at evaluating this effect on thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroid hormone replacement dosages in obese population with overt and subclinical hypothyroidism (SH). METHODS A retrospective study was performed on all morbidly obese patients with previous diagnosis of overt and subclinical hypothyroidism who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy from October 2009 to January 2017. The correlation between TSH and body mass index (BMI) and the effect of weight loss induced by bariatric surgery on TSH were investigated. RESULTS The prevalence of overt and SH in morbidly obese patients was 10.8% and 7.2%, respectively. Thirty-six hypothyroid patients and 67 subclinically hypothyroid patients were included in the study. Hypothyroidism improved in 44.5% of patients and completely resolved in 22.2%, and 33.3% experienced no change. Ninety-one percent of SH patients completely resolved, 6% improved, but 3% worsened, with one patient developed hypothyroidism. Both groups achieved a significant decrease in postoperative BMI. A positively statistically significant association was found between BMI and TSH (p < 0.005). CONCLUSIONS Our results favor the effect of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in the obese population with overt and SH as shown by the majority of SH resolution and overt hypothyroidism improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina S Almunif
- Family and Community Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad Bamehriz
- Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad Althuwaini
- Department of Surgery, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Family and Community Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Family and Community Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Hassanein M, Hussein Z, Shaltout I, Wan Seman WJ, Tong CV, Mohd Noor N, Buyukbese MA, El Tony L, Shaker GM, Alamoudi RM, Hafidh K, Fariduddin M, Batais MA, Shaikh S, Malek PR, Alabbood M, Sahay R, Alshenqete AM, Yakoob Ahmedani M. The DAR 2020 Global survey: Ramadan fasting during COVID 19 pandemic and the impact of older age on fasting among adults with Type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 173:108674. [PMID: 33493579 PMCID: PMC7826018 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The DAR Global survey of Ramadan-fasting during the COVID-19 pandemic aimed to describe the characteristics and care in participants with type 2 diabetes (T2D) with a specific comparison between those <65 years and ≥65 years. METHODS Participants were consented to answer a physician-administered questionnaire following Ramadan 2020. Impact of COVID-19 on the decision of fasting, intentions to fast and duration of Ramadan and Shawal fasting, hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia events were assessed. Specific analysis comparing age categories of <65 years and ≥65 years were performed. RESULTS Among the 5865 participants, 22.5% were ≥65 years old. Concern for COVID-19 affected fasting decision for 7.6% (≥65 years) vs 5.4% (<65 years). More participants ≥65 years old did not fast (28.8% vs 12.7%, <65 years). Of the 83.6%, participants fulfilling Ramadan-fasting, 94.8% fasted ≥15 days and 12.6% had to break fast due to diabetes-related illness. The average number of days fasting within and post-Ramadan were 27 and 6 days respectively, regardless of age. Hypoglycaemia and hyperglycaemia occurred in 15.7% and 16.3% of participants respectively, with 6.5% and 7.4% requiring hospital care respectively. SMBG was performed in 73.8% of participants and 43.5% received Ramadan-focused education. CONCLUSION During the COVID-19 pandemic, universally high rates of Ramadan-fasting were observed regardless of fasting risk level. Glycemic complications occurred frequently with older adults requiring higher rates of acute hospital care. Risk stratification is essential followed by pre-Ramadan interventions, Ramadan-focused diabetes education and self-monitoring to reduce and prevent complications, with particular emphasis in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hassanein
- Dubai Hospital, DHA, United Arab Emirates; Gulf Medical University, United Arab Emirates; Postgraduate Diabetes Education, Cardiff University, UK
| | - Zanariah Hussein
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia.
| | - Inass Shaltout
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Melaka, Melaka, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Nurain Mohd Noor
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Putrajaya, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Gamal Mohamed Shaker
- Strategic Data Analysis, Research and Studies Department Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates.
| | - Reem M Alamoudi
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khadija Hafidh
- Rashid Hospital, Diabetes Unit, Dubai Health Authority, United Arab Emirates.
| | - M Fariduddin
- Department of Endocrinology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Diabetes & Chronic Disease Management, Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Rakesh Sahay
- Department of Endocrinology, Osmania Medical College & Osmania General Hospital, Hyderabad, India
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Batais MA, Temsah MH, AlGhofili H, AlRuwayshid N, Alsohime F, Almigbal TH, Al-Rabiaah A, Al-Eyadhy AA, Mujammami MH, Halwani R, Jamal AA, Somily AM. The coronavirus disease of 2019 pandemic-associated stress among medical students in middle east respiratory syndrome-CoV endemic area: An observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e23690. [PMID: 33545936 PMCID: PMC7837988 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000023690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic significantly affected different life aspects, including healthcare communities and academic institutes. We aimed to assess the level of stress and risk factors among medical students and interns during the COVID-19 pandemic in the setting of the middle east respiratory syndrome -CoV endemic area.A questionnaire-based cross-sectional study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of medical students and interns. The questionnaire was anonymously self-administered to indicate perceive hygienic practice change, importance of viral prevention domestic hygiene, perceive adequacy of received information, perceived agreement to facilitators to alleviate covid stress, self-reported stress level, and generalized anxiety disorder score.A total of 322 returned the questionnaire (69.7% response rate). Participants had good knowledge regarding severe acute respiratory syndrome -CoV2 in multiple aspects, with an average score of 13.8 out of 14. Two-thirds (62.4%) of the students experienced mild anxiety, (23.9%) had moderate anxiety, (6.8%) had clinically high anxiety level, and another (6.8%) had a clinically very high anxiety level. The stress level, as reported by the respondents (on a 1-10 scale), showed a correlation with the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale. We observed an increased level of social avoidance and hygienic practice facilitated by availability of hand sanitizers. Majority of the students receive information regarding COVID-19 from reliable and official resourcesMost students reported mild to moderate levels of anxiety, and was associated with enhancement of their universal precaution measures. The availability of alcohol-based hand sanitizers and the off-campus study were great relievers. The importance of reliable pandemic resources in educating students during pandemics is emphasized. Furthermore, this study indicate the importance of students' support services to address mental health and students' wellbeing in the era of pandemics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A. Batais
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 242069
- Department of Family and Community Medicine
| | - Mohamad-Hani Temsah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 242069
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine
- Prince Abdullah Bin Khaled Coeliac Disease Chair, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | - Fahad Alsohime
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 242069
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 242069
- Department of Family and Community Medicine
| | - Abdulkarim Al-Rabiaah
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 242069
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine
| | - Ayman A. Al-Eyadhy
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 242069
- Pediatric Department, College of Medicine
| | - Muhammad Hussain Mujammami
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 242069
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Unit, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, PO. Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amr A. Jamal
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 242069
- Department of Family and Community Medicine
- Evidence-Based Health Care & Knowledge Translation Research Chair, King Saud University
| | - Ali Mohammed Somily
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, PO Box 242069
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Batais MA, Alzahrani SA, Alzahrani NA, Alsolimi AF, Khan AA, Aldossari KK, Al-Zahrani JM, Alghamdi T, Almigbal TH. Knowledge and Practice of Burn First Aid Among Saudi Arabian Medical and Non-Medical University Students. Int Q Community Health Educ 2020; 41:405-410. [PMID: 33176580 DOI: 10.1177/0272684x20972644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Burns are serious injuries, resulting in high morbidity and healthcare costs. Effective first aid improves outcomes. The aim of this study was to assess the knowledge and practice of first aid for burn injuries among medical and non-medical students in Saudi Arabia. A cross-sectional study (N = 408) was conducted, in which a questionnaire was administered assessing students' experience with burns, as well as their hypothetical responses to vignettes involving patients with burn injuries. Although most students reported having personal experience with burns, and had received some information regarding burn first aid, only about half were able to provide correct responses regarding first aid techniques, and medical students were no more accurate than non-medical students in their responses. Results suggest that members of the Saudi Arabian population may lack appropriate knowledge about burn first aid, and education and public information resources may help to remedy this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | | | | | - Anas A Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khaled K Aldossari
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamaan M Al-Zahrani
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Talal Alghamdi
- Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Majmaah University, Almajmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Rasadi K, Alhabib KF, Al-Allaf F, Al-Waili K, Al-Zakwani I, AlSarraf A, Almahmeed W, AlSayed N, Alghamdi M, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Alnouri F, Kinsara A, Hammouda A, Awan Z, Kary H, Elamin OA, Zadjali F, Al-Jarallah M, Shehab A, Sabbour H, Amin H, Altaradi H. The Gulf Familial Hypercholesterolemia Registry (Gulf FH): Design, Rationale and Preliminary Results. Curr Vasc Pharmacol 2020; 18:57-64. [PMID: 30289081 PMCID: PMC7040511 DOI: 10.2174/1570161116666181005125459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2018] [Revised: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Aim: To determine the prevalence, genetic characteristics, current management and outcomes of familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH) in the Gulf region. Methods: Adult (18-70 years) FH patients were recruited from 9 hospitals and centres across 5 Arabian Gulf countries. The study was divided into 4 phases and included patients from 3 different categories. In phase 1, suspected FH patients (category 1) were collected according to the lipid profile and clinical data obtained through hospital record systems. In phase 2, patients from category 2 (patients with a previous clinical diagnosis of FH) and category 1 were stratified into definitive, probable and possible FH according to the Dutch Lipid Clinic Network criteria. In phase 3, 500 patients with definitive and probable FH from categories 1 and 2 will undergo genetic testing for 4 common FH genes. In phase 4, these 500 patients with another 100 patients from category 3 (patients with previous genetic diagnosis of FH) will be followed for 1 year to evaluate clinical management and cardiovascular outcomes. The Gulf FH cohort was screened from a total of 34,366 patients attending out-patient clinics. Results: The final Gulf FH cohort consisted of 3,317 patients (mean age: 47±12 years, 54% females). The number of patients with definitive FH is 203. In this initial phase of the study, the prevalence of (probable and definite) FH is 1/232. Conclusion: The prevalence of FH in the adult population of the Arabian Gulf region is high. The Gulf FH registry, a first-of-a-kind multi-national study in the Middle East region, will help in improving underdiagnosis and undertreatment of FH in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid Al-Rasadi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Khalid F Alhabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faisal Al-Allaf
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al-Waili
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Zakwani
- Department of Pharmacology & Clinical Pharmacy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman.,Gulf Health Research, Muscat, Oman
| | - Ahmad AlSarraf
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Wael Almahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Alnouri
- Cardiovascular Prevention Unit, Prince Sultan Cardiac Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulhalim Kinsara
- King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, College of Medicine, King Abdul Aziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Zuhier Awan
- King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Heba Kary
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omer A Elamin
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Abdullah Shehab
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE; University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hani Sabbour
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Hani Altaradi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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27
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Alenazi HA, Jamal A, Batais MA. Identification of Type 2 Diabetes Management Mobile App Features and Engagement Strategies: Modified Delphi Approach. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2020; 8:e17083. [PMID: 32678798 PMCID: PMC7519429 DOI: 10.2196/17083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2019] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a significant public health issue. Saudi Arabia has the highest prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in the Arab world. Currently, it affects 31.6% of the general population, and the prevalence of T2DM is predicted to rise to 45.36% by 2030. Mobile health (mHealth) offers improved and cost-effective care to people with T2DM. However, the efficiency of engagement strategies and features of this technology need to be reviewed and standardized according to stakeholder and expert perspectives. OBJECTIVE The main objective of this study was to identify the most agreed-upon features for T2DM self-management mobile apps; the secondary objective was to identify the most agreed-upon strategies that prompt users to use these apps. METHODS In this study, a 4-round modified Delphi method was applied by experts in the domain of diabetes care. RESULTS In total, 11 experts with a mean age of 47.09 years (SD 11.70) consented to participate in the study. Overall, 36 app features were generated. The group of experts displayed weak agreement in their ranking of intervention components (Kendall W=0.275; P<.001). The top 5 features included insulin dose adjustment according to carbohydrate counting and blood glucose readings (5.36), alerting a caregiver of abnormal or critical readings (6.09), nutrition education (12.45), contacts for guidance if required (12.64), and offering patient-specific education tailored to the user's goals, needs, and blood glucose readings (12.90). In total, 21 engagement strategies were generated. Overall, the experts showed a moderate degree of consensus in their strategy rankings (Kendall W=0.454; P<.001). The top 5 engagement strategies included a user-friendly design (educational and age-appropriate design; 2.82), a free app (3.73), allowing the user to communicate or send information/data to a health care provider (HCP; 5.36), HCPs prescribing the mobile app in the clinic and asking about patients' app use compliance during clinical visits (6.91), and flexibility and customization (7.91). CONCLUSIONS This is the first study in the region consisting of a local panel of experts from the diabetes field gathering together. We used an iterative process to combine the experts' opinions into a group consensus. The results of this study could thus be useful for health app developers and HCPs and inform future decision making on the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amr Jamal
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.,Research Chair of Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Family and Community Medicine Department, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alhabib KF, Batais MA, Almigbal TH, Alshamiri MQ, Altaradi H, Rangarajan S, Yusuf S. Demographic, behavioral, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in the Saudi population: results from the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study (PURE-Saudi). BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1213. [PMID: 32770968 PMCID: PMC7414714 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the major cause of death in Saudi Arabia. We aimed to assess associated demographic, behavioral, and CVD risk factors as part of the Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology (PURE) study. Methods PURE is a global cohort study of adults ages 35–70 years in 20 countries. PURE-Saudi study participants were recruited from 19 urban and 6 rural communities randomly selected from the Central province (Riyadh and Alkharj) between February 2012 and January 2015. Data were stratified by age, sex, and urban vs rural and summarized as means and standard deviations for continuous variables and as numbers and percentages for categorical variables. Proportions and means were compared between men and women, among age groups, and between urban and rural areas, using Chi-square test and t-tests, respectively. Results The PURE-Saudi study enrolled 2047 participants (mean age, 46.5 ± 9.12 years; 43.1% women; 24.5% rural). Overall, 69.4% had low physical activity, 49.6% obesity, 34.4% unhealthy diet, 32.1% dyslipidemia, 30.3% hypertension, and 25.1% diabetes. In addition, 12.2% were current smokers, 15.4% self-reported feeling sad, 16.9% had a history of periods of stress, 6.8% had permanent stress, 1% had a history of stroke, 0.6% had heart failure, and 2.5% had coronary heart disease (CHD). Compared to women, men were more likely to be current smokers and have diabetes and a history of CHD. Women were more likely to be obese, have central obesity, self-report sadness, experience stress, feel permanent stress, and have low education. Compared to participants in urban areas, those in rural areas had higher rates of diabetes, obesity, and hypertension, and lower rates of unhealthy diet, self-reported sadness, stress (several periods), and permanent stress. Compared to middle-aged and older individuals, younger participants more commonly reported an unhealthy diet, permanent stress, and feeling sad. Conclusion These results of the PURE-Saudi study revealed a high prevalence of unhealthy lifestyle and CVD risk factors in the adult Saudi population, with higher rates in rural vs urban areas. National public awareness programs and multi-faceted healthcare policy changes are urgently needed to reduce the future burden of CVD risk and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalid F Alhabib
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa Q Alshamiri
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hani Altaradi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, King Fahad Cardiac Center, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sumathy Rangarajan
- Population Health Research Institute, DBCVS Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute, DBCVS Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Almigbal TH, Almutairi KM, Vinluan JM, Batais MA, Alodhayani A, Alonazi WB, Sheshah E, Alhoqail RI. Association of health literacy and self-management practices and psychological factor among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia. Saudi Med J 2020; 40:1158-1166. [PMID: 31707414 PMCID: PMC6901769 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2019.11.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the association between sociodemographic, clinical, and health literacy and the presence of depressed mood and their relationships to diabetes self-management among type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A total of 352 T2DM patients from 2 public tertiary hospitals in Saudi Arabia participated in this descriptive cross-sectional study between December 2016 and February 2017. All respondents answered a 4-part questionnaire, which includes demographic data, Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire (DSMQ), 36-item test based Short Test of Functional Health Literacy in Adults, and a 2-item Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2). The Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were conducted to determine the relationship and significant predictors for self-management among T2DM patients. Results: The analysis showed that majority of the participants had low to marginal functional health literacy. The overall DSM-16 score was good, indicating more effective self-care, while 20% of the participants had a score of 2 or more in the PHQ-2 indicating presence of depressed mood. No significant association was found between DSM and health literacy among the study participants while age, gender, educational level, employment status, and level of the depressive symptom were significantly associated with differences in the level of functional literacy of the participants. Conclusion: The study shows that nearly half of the T2DM patients that exhibited low level of functional health literacy had low diabetes self-management. Our findings also show that gender significantly affects diabetes self-management in which odds are a lot higher among females than males with diabetes self-management. This study underscores the importance of proper counselling and education about diabetes control on both patients and family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Turky H. Almigbal
- From the Department of Medicine (Almigbal, Batais, Alhoqail), Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science (Almutairi, Vinluan), Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alodhayani), College of Medicine; from the College of Business Administration (Alonazi); and from the Department of Diabetes Center (Sheshah), King Salman Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Jason M. Vinluan, Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8670-3580
| | - Khalid M. Almutairi
- From the Department of Medicine (Almigbal, Batais, Alhoqail), Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science (Almutairi, Vinluan), Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alodhayani), College of Medicine; from the College of Business Administration (Alonazi); and from the Department of Diabetes Center (Sheshah), King Salman Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Jason M. Vinluan
- From the Department of Medicine (Almigbal, Batais, Alhoqail), Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science (Almutairi, Vinluan), Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alodhayani), College of Medicine; from the College of Business Administration (Alonazi); and from the Department of Diabetes Center (Sheshah), King Salman Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Jason M. Vinluan, Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8670-3580
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Address correspondence and reprint request to: Jason M. Vinluan, Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail: ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8670-3580
| | - Abdulaziz Alodhayani
- From the Department of Medicine (Almigbal, Batais, Alhoqail), Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science (Almutairi, Vinluan), Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alodhayani), College of Medicine; from the College of Business Administration (Alonazi); and from the Department of Diabetes Center (Sheshah), King Salman Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Wadi B. Alonazi
- From the Department of Medicine (Almigbal, Batais, Alhoqail), Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science (Almutairi, Vinluan), Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alodhayani), College of Medicine; from the College of Business Administration (Alonazi); and from the Department of Diabetes Center (Sheshah), King Salman Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eman Sheshah
- From the Department of Medicine (Almigbal, Batais, Alhoqail), Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science (Almutairi, Vinluan), Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alodhayani), College of Medicine; from the College of Business Administration (Alonazi); and from the Department of Diabetes Center (Sheshah), King Salman Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Razan I. Alhoqail
- From the Department of Medicine (Almigbal, Batais, Alhoqail), Department of Community Health Science, College of Applied Medical Science (Almutairi, Vinluan), Department of Family and Community Medicine (Alodhayani), College of Medicine; from the College of Business Administration (Alonazi); and from the Department of Diabetes Center (Sheshah), King Salman Hospital, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Alzahrani AM, Hakami A, AlHadi A, Batais MA, Alrasheed AA, Almigbal TH. The interplay between mindfulness, depression, stress and academic performance in medical students: A Saudi perspective. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231088. [PMID: 32243468 PMCID: PMC7122761 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a growing body of research that shows a significant association between mindfulness and mental health. However, studies on Saudi populations are still in their infancy. Mindfulness is a personal tendency to focus on the present time in a non-judgmental manner, including the interior and exterior experience of feelings and events. The first aim of this study is to examine the relationship between mindfulness, stress, depression, and academic performance in a sample of medical students from King Saud University. The second aim is to explore the potential moderation effects of mindfulness on the impact of stress on academic performance and depression in the study population. This cross-sectional study examined 289 medical students who were selected by a stratified random sampling technique and completed validated online questionnaires measuring mindfulness, stress, and depression. The data were analyzed using SAS version 9.2, and R software was used for graphs. Correlation analysis showed that mindfulness is inversely associated with depression and stress, but not with academic performance. Furthermore, multiple logistic regression showed that mindfulness can predict both depression and stress. We also found that two subscales of mindfulness can moderate the relation between stress and depression: non-judging of inner experience and describing. The findings suggest that a higher mindfulness score is associated with lower depression and stress levels and could buffer against depression in a stressful environment. There is a need for further research to investigate the relation of mindfulness with positive psychological outcomes, as well as experimental trials to examine the efficacy of mindfulness training on improving mental wellbeing in our community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M. Alzahrani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- * E-mail:
| | - Ahmed Hakami
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Riyadh Regional Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad AlHadi
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- SABIC Psychological Health Research & Applications Chair, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah A. Alrasheed
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Alfarabi College of Medicine, Alfarabi Colleges, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Gosadi II, Alamri AK, Saleh RA, Almutairi BA, Batais MA, Alamri NK. Preference of sweeteners among Saudi diabetes patients from a tertiary health care centre in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2020; 27:947-952. [PMID: 32127774 PMCID: PMC7042634 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Choice of sweetening options can influence glyceamic control among patients with diabetes. This study aims to investigate the preference of added sweeteners for Saudi patients with diabetes, factors associated with the choice of sweeteners and the attitude of the patients towards the use of artificial sweeteners. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted at King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia and targeting Saudi patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Data was collected via personal interviews accessing medical records of interviewed patients. Patients were asked about consumption of sweeteners and types of consumed soft drinks on daily basis. Bi-variate analysis of the associations between choice of sweeteners and patients characteristics was performed and followed by binary logistic regression to adjust for potential confounders such as age, gender, and education level. RESULTS A total of 302 Saudi diabetic patients were recruited in this investigation. Among this sample, frequency of patients reporting weekly consumption of white sugar was the highest (57%), followed by honey (26%) and artificial sweeteners (12% for powder form and 10.5% for tablets). Consumption of white sugar was significantly more frequent among patients with higher level of Body Mass Index (BMI) (P value < 0.05). The frequency of using honey was higher among females while consumption of either sugared or low calorie soft drinks was significantly higher among male patients (P values < 0.05). Upon asking the patients about their attitude towards artificial sweeteners, only 25% of the sample agreed that their use can aid in reduction of caloric intake while 35% of the sample agreed that artificial sweeteners can be harmful to the body. CONCLUSIONS Among this sample of type 2 diabetes patients, the frequency of white sugar and honey use as a sweetening option is high. These findings generate the need for further research to investigate the effectiveness of health education and nutritional advice among diabetes patients attending similar clinical settings in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim I. Gosadi
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayedh K. Alamri
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana A. Saleh
- Department of Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Badr A. Almutairi
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nada K. Alamri
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Altheaby A, Al Dalbhi S, Alghamdi Y, Almigbal TH, Alotaibi KN, Batais MA, Alodhayani A, Alkhushail A, Alhantoushi M, Alsaad SM. Effect of donor hypertension on renal transplant recipients' blood pressure, allograft outcomes and survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 9:49-58. [PMID: 31516763 PMCID: PMC6737352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The effect of donor hypertension on the blood pressure of renal transplant recipients and the allograft outcomes are unclear. The aim of this study was to summarize the evidence about the effects of donor hypertension on renal transplant recipients' blood pressure, renal allograft outcomes and mortality. METHODS Studies published from January 1960 to 31 January 2019 in English were identified through a systematic search of six databases; PubMed, Embase, SCOPUS, Web of Science, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and CINAHL. Eligible observational studies with at least 1 year of follow-up were selected. Pooled estimates were obtained using random effects model. RESULTS We identified 15 papers from eight countries containing data on donor hypertension and renal transplantation carried out between 1963 and 2014. The median (range) follow-up period of the studies was 3.8 (1-11.9) years. The prevalence of post-transplant hypertension among recipients of a renal allograft from a normotensive donor range from 8 to 17.6%, while the prevalence of post-transplant hypertension among recipients of a renal allograft from a hypertensive donor range from 2.9 to 25%. Overall, pooled risk ratios (RR) indicated that donor hypertension was a risk factor for allograft failure or loss among renal transplant recipients (RR 1.31; 95% CI 1.06-1.63: P = 0.014). However, donor hypertension was not a risk factor for mortality among renal transplant recipients (RR 0.996; 95% CI 0.652-1.519: P = 0.984). CONCLUSIONS Donor hypertension increases the risk of post-transplant hypertension among renal transplant recipients and increases the risk of allograft failure, However, donor hypertension was not a risk factor for mortality among renal transplant recipients, Closer monitoring should be given to renal allograft recipients from hypertensive donors, and further well-designed studies are needed to expand our knowledge of the impact of donor hypertension on the survival of renal allograft recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulrahman Altheaby
- Department of Hepatobiliary Sciences and Organ Transplant Center, King Abdulaziz Medical CityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Al Dalbhi
- Department of Adult Nephrology, Prince Sultan Military Medical CityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yasser Alghamdi
- Department of Adult Nephrology, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz HospitalRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H Almigbal
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid N Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical CityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz Alodhayani
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Alkhushail
- Department of Adult Cardiology, Prince Sultan Cardiac CenterRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mashhor Alhantoushi
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz HospitalRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M Alsaad
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud UniversityRiyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Alodhayani AA, Alkhushail A, Alhantoushi M, Alsaad SM, Almigbal TH, Alotaibi K, Batais MA, Altheaby A, Al Dalbhi S, Alghamdi Y. Efficacy of treatment methods for uncontrolled hypertension and its effects on atrial fibrillation: A systematic narrative review. Int J Health Sci (Qassim) 2019; 13:39-46. [PMID: 31745397 PMCID: PMC6852498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Uncontrolled hypertension is a main predisposing risk factor leading to chronic atrial fibrillation (AF). Although several treatment methods for patients with HTN and AF were developed in past decades, further investigations of their efficacies are needed. This systematic narrative review presents an overview of studies reporting treatment efficacies in patients with HTN and/or AF. METHODS A narrative-based systematic review was performed using EMBASE, Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Library searching for relevant papers published between October 2008 and October 2018. Out of 4481 studies, only 15 studies could be included following the inclusion criteria. RESULTS Included studies reported treatment measures, measured outcomes, and efficacies in adult patients with HTN and AF with defined interventions and methodologies. Treatment methods with effective outcomes were administration of hydrochlorothiazide, losartan or atenolol, telmisartan or amlodipine, or general anti-hypertensive drugs. Treatment methods that showed the most effective outcomes (lowering AF recurrence and improving BP control) were those containing pulmonary vein (or antrum) isolation (PVI/PVAI) (6 studies) and/or in conjunction with renal denervation (RDN)(6 studies). Treatment methods showing the most effective outcomes were PVI/PVAI in conjunction with RDN. CONCLUSION The latest evidence shows that PVI (in conjunction with RDN in some instances) was more efficacious among patients suffering from HTN and/or AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulaziz A. Alodhayani
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Mashhor Alhantoushi
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saad M. Alsaad
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Turky H. Almigbal
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Alotaibi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, King Saud University Medical City, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman Altheaby
- Department of Hepatobiliary Sciences and Organ Transplant, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Al Dalbhi
- Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Sultan Al Dalbhi, Department of Clinical Pharmaceutical Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh 11159, Saudi Arabia. Phone: +966530373337. E-mail:
| | - Yasser Alghamdi
- Department of Family Medicine, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Batais MA, Alamri AK, Alghammass MA, Alzamil OA, Almutairi BA, Al-Maflehi N, Almigbal TH. Diabetes and driving recommendations among healthcare providers in Saudi Arabia. A significant gap that requires action. Saudi Med J 2018; 39:386-394. [PMID: 29619491 PMCID: PMC5938653 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2018.4.22179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To assess healthcare providers’ knowledge and awareness of the recommendations for drivers with insulin-treated diabetes in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among healthcare providers working at 4 tertiary hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between April 2016 and December 2016 using a self-administered questionnaire. Results: A total of 285 healthcare providers completed the survey (response rate 88.5%). Most (70.2%) were aware of the safe driving recommendations for patients with insulin-treated diabetes. However, the need to check blood glucose levels before driving was underestimated by almost one-third (30.2%). Only one-quarter (24.6%) identified the correct level of blood glucose level that is safe for a patient when driving, and 28.4% identified the recommended time for checking blood glucose before driving. Participants who were aware of the recommendations for safe driving had a significantly higher average knowledge score (68.8%) than those who were not aware (58.8%; p<0.001). There was a significant difference in the average knowledge score among medical specialties (p=0.002) and job levels (p<0.001). Conclusions: Most healthcare providers identified the importance of evaluating their patients for ability to drive safely, but we found some important areas of knowledge deficit. Professional intervention to improve healthcare providers’ awareness and knowledge regarding diabetes and driving is the first step in improving detection and reporting high-risk drivers with diabetes to prevent future driving mishaps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Batais
- Diabetes and Family Medicine, Family and Community Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
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Shahahmad BS, Khan AA, Batais MA, Gaumer GL. A survey of physicians' experience and awareness of institutional provisions designed to foster patient engagement in KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2018; 13:291-297. [PMID: 31435336 PMCID: PMC6694904 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anas A. Khan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
- Corresponding address: Department of Emergency Medicine, College of Medicine and University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA.
| | - Mohammed A. Batais
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, College of Medicine and University Medical City, King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE REVIEW Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is still associated with a large burden and causes significant morbidity and mortality. Besides universal vaccination and antibiotic treatment, statins as adjunctive therapy may also have a beneficial role in the prevention and treatment of CAP. Our goal from this review is to discuss the epidemiology of CAP, and role of statins as adjunctive therapy in the development of CAP. RECENT FINDINGS Statins are lipid-lowering medications characterized by their ability to control hypercholesterolemia in addition to other pleiotropic effects that could explain their role in the pathogenesis of CAP. While most observational studies have shown that statins reduce risk of pneumonia in the general population, patients with diabetes, and recently in patients with myocardial infarction, no randomized controlled trial (RCT) to date has been conducted to assess the efficacy of statins to prevent development of CAP. Given the paucity of robust randomized evidence to assess statin use and the development of CAP, and considering conflicting results of the observational studies, we are not in favor of initiation of statins for either the prevention or treatment of CAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed A Batais
- College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 29391, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdur Rahman Khan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Aref A Bin Abdulhak
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr., Int. Med. E315 GH, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA
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