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Ahmed S, Parker N, Rasool G. BIO24-032: Early Diagnosis of Cancer Cachexia Using Body Composition Index as the Radiographic Biomarker. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024; 22:BIO24-032. [PMID: 38579796 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sabeen Ahmed
- 1Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Nathan Parker
- 2Department of Health Outcomes and Behavior, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- 1Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
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2
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Tripathi A, Waqas A, Rasool G. BIO24-030: Unifying Multimodal Data, Time Series Analytics, and Contextual Medical Memory: Introducing MINDS as an Oncology-Centric Cloud-Based Platform. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024; 22:BIO24-030. [PMID: 38580264 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Tripathi
- 1Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Machine Learning, Tampa, FL
- 2University of South Florida, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampa, FL
| | - Asim Waqas
- 1Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Machine Learning, Tampa, FL
- 2University of South Florida, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampa, FL
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- 1Moffitt Cancer Center, Department of Machine Learning, Tampa, FL
- 2University of South Florida, Department of Electrical Engineering, Tampa, FL
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3
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Waqas A, Tripathi A, Mukund A, Stewart P, Naeini M, Rasool G. BIO24-031: Hierarchical Multimodal Learning on Pan-Squamous Cell Carcinomas for Improved Survival Outcomes. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2024; 22:BIO24-031. [PMID: 38579762 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Asim Waqas
- 1Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
- 2Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Aakash Tripathi
- 1Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
- 2Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Paul Stewart
- 1Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
- 4Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Mia Naeini
- 2Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- 1Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL
- 2Electrical Engineering Department, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
- 4Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
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4
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Hussain W, Algarni S, Rasool G, Shahzad H, Abbas M, Alqahtani T, Irshad K. Advances in Nanoparticle-Enhanced Thermoelectric Materials from Synthesis to Energy Harvesting: A Review. ACS Omega 2024; 9:11081-11109. [PMID: 38497021 PMCID: PMC10938428 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
This comprehensive review analysis examines the domain of composite thermoelectric materials that integrate nanoparticles, providing a critical assessment of their methods for improving thermoelectric properties and the procedures used for their fabrication. This study examines several approaches to enhance power factor and lattice thermal conductivity, emphasizing the influence of secondary phases and structural alterations. This study investigates the impact of synthesis methods on the electrical characteristics of materials, with a particular focus on novel techniques such as electrodeposition onto carbon nanotubes. The acquired insights provide useful guidance for the creation of new thermoelectric materials. The review also compares and contrasts organic and inorganic thermoelectric materials, with a particular focus on the potential of inorganic materials in the context of waste heat recovery and power production within industries. This analysis highlights the role of inorganic materials in improving energy efficiency and promoting environmental sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wajid Hussain
- Faculty
of Material and Manufacturing, Beijing University
of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Salem Algarni
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Faculty
of Material and Manufacturing, Beijing University
of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American
University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hasan Shahzad
- Faculty
of Energy and Power Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering and
Energy Technology, Dongguan University of
Technology, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Mujahid Abbas
- Faculty
of Material and Manufacturing, Beijing University
of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Talal Alqahtani
- Mechanical
Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kashif Irshad
- Interdisciplinary
Research Centre for Sustainable Energy Systems (IRC-SES), Research
Institute, King Fahd University of Petroleum
and Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia
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5
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Tripathi A, Waqas A, Venkatesan K, Yilmaz Y, Rasool G. Building Flexible, Scalable, and Machine Learning-Ready Multimodal Oncology Datasets. Sensors (Basel) 2024; 24:1634. [PMID: 38475170 DOI: 10.3390/s24051634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The advancements in data acquisition, storage, and processing techniques have resulted in the rapid growth of heterogeneous medical data. Integrating radiological scans, histopathology images, and molecular information with clinical data is essential for developing a holistic understanding of the disease and optimizing treatment. The need for integrating data from multiple sources is further pronounced in complex diseases such as cancer for enabling precision medicine and personalized treatments. This work proposes Multimodal Integration of Oncology Data System (MINDS)-a flexible, scalable, and cost-effective metadata framework for efficiently fusing disparate data from public sources such as the Cancer Research Data Commons (CRDC) into an interconnected, patient-centric framework. MINDS consolidates over 41,000 cases from across repositories while achieving a high compression ratio relative to the 3.78 PB source data size. It offers sub-5-s query response times for interactive exploration. MINDS offers an interface for exploring relationships across data types and building cohorts for developing large-scale multimodal machine learning models. By harmonizing multimodal data, MINDS aims to potentially empower researchers with greater analytical ability to uncover diagnostic and prognostic insights and enable evidence-based personalized care. MINDS tracks granular end-to-end data provenance, ensuring reproducibility and transparency. The cloud-native architecture of MINDS can handle exponential data growth in a secure, cost-optimized manner while ensuring substantial storage optimization, replication avoidance, and dynamic access capabilities. Auto-scaling, access controls, and other mechanisms guarantee pipelines' scalability and security. MINDS overcomes the limitations of existing biomedical data silos via an interoperable metadata-driven approach that represents a pivotal step toward the future of oncology data integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aakash Tripathi
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Asim Waqas
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Kavya Venkatesan
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Yasin Yilmaz
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Machine Learning, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
- Department of Oncologic Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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6
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Asghar H, Bilal S, Nawaz MH, Rasool G, Hayat A. Host-Guest Mechanism via Induced Fit Fullerene Complexation in Porphin Receptor to Probe Salivary Alpha-Amylase in Dental Caries for Clinical Applications. ACS Appl Bio Mater 2024; 7:1250-1259. [PMID: 38253544 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.3c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Salivary α-amylase is the most abundant protein of human saliva that potentially binds to streptococcus and other bacteria via specific surface-exposed α-amylase-binding proteins and plays a significant role in caries development. The detection of α-amylase in saliva can be used as a bioindicator of caries development. Herein, a facile strategy has been applied, tailoring the photochemical properties of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-hydroxyphenyl)-21H,23H-porphine (TPPOH) and the fullerene C60 complex. The fluorescence emission of TPPOH is quenched by starch-coated fullerene C60 via charge-transfer effects, as determined by UV absorption and fluorescence spectroscopic studies. The starch-coated C60 has been thoroughly characterized via Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), optical microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), static water contact angle measurements, and zeta potential measurements. The analytical response of the assay showed a linear fluorescent response in α-amylase concentrations ranging from 0.001-0.1 Units/mL, with an LOD of 0.001 Units/mL. The applicability of the method was tested using artificial saliva with quantitative recoveries in the range 95-100%. The practicability of the procedure was verified by inspecting saliva samples of real clinical samples covering all age groups. We believe that the proposed method can serve as an alternative analytical method for caries detection and risk assessment that would also minimize the cost of professional preventive measures and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hira Asghar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, 1-Km Defence Road, Near Bhuptian Chowk, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Azra Naheed Dental College, Superior University, Raiwind Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Bilal
- Department of Biochemistry, Gulab Devi Educational Complex, Ferozepur Road, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Mian Hasnain Nawaz
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, 1-Km Defence Road, Near Bhuptian Chowk, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Hayat
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS University, Islamabad, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
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Abbas MA, Iqbal A, Ahmed M, Rasool G, Awan MF, Khan MKA, Rao AQ, Shahid AA, Husnain T. Transformation of Rhodococcus Pigment Production Hydroxylase (PPH) gene into Camelina sativa: an alternative marker for the detection of transgenic plants. BRAZ J BIOL 2024; 84:e254973. [DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.254973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Production of transgenic plants with desired agronomic and horticultural traits has gained great importance to fulfill demands of the growing population. Genetic transformation is also a fundamental step to study basics of plant sciences. Different transformation protocols have been developed and used which are reliable and efficient. These protocols used antibiotic or herbicide resistance genes incorporated along with gene of interest to identify transformed plants from non-transformed ones. These marker genes may pose a threat to human and environment. Use of visual markers enables direct and easier observation of transformed plants with more precision. In current study a gene cassette with ‘pigment production hydroxylase (PPH) gene under fiber specific promoter (GhSCFP) and downstream Nos-terminator was designed. After checking the structural and functional efficiency of codon optimized gene using bioinformatics tools, the cassette was sent for chemical synthesis from commercial source. The pigment gene cassette (PPH_CEMB), cloned in pCAMBIA-1301, was transformed into Agrobacterium through electroporation. Agrobacterium-mediated floral dip method was used to transform Camelina sativa inflorescence. After seed setting a total of 600 seed were observed for change in color and out of these, 19 seeds developed a reddish-brown coloration, while the remaining 581 seeds remained yellow. The transformation efficiency calculated on basis of color change was 1.0%. PCR analysis of leaves obtained after sowing reddish seeds confirmed the transformation of pigment production gene, while no PCR amplification was observed in leaves of plants from wild type seeds. From the results it is evident that Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of C. sativa inflorescence is very efficient and environment friendly technique not only for detection of transformed plants but also to study basic cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. A. Abbas
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; Govt. College of Science, Pakistan
| | - A. Iqbal
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; National Research Institute, Poland
| | - M. Ahmed
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; Govt. Boys College Sokasan, Pakistan
| | | | - M. F. Awan
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan; University of Management and Technology, Pakistan
| | | | - A. Q. Rao
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - T. Husnain
- University of the Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
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8
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Asrar R, Masood M, Bodlah I, Rasool G, Suleman N, Yousaf S. Molecular characterization of mitochondrial COI gene sequences in Micraspis allardi from Pakistan. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0294034. [PMID: 38150417 PMCID: PMC10752555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The Coccinellidae is a highly diversified family of order Coleoptera. Coccinellid ladybirds are well known for their role as biological control agent against varied range of agricultural pests. The samples of coccinellid ladybird collected from Pakistan were identified and characterized as Micraspis allardi (Mulsant, 1866). This is one of the least-studied ladybird species with limited work on its ecological distribution as a biological control agent. The genus Micraspis has vast genetic diversity with a possible presence of unknown number of cryptic species. Sequence information of some species of the genus Micraspis are present in NCBI database. However, least molecular data or sequences describing M. allardi could be available from database. Therefore, morphological and molecular characterization was imperative for this species. Here, the samples collected from sugarcane field of Faisalabad District of Pakistan and were identified by using morphological and molecular protocols. For molecular identification, two different regions of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) gene (COI-5' and COI- 3') were used as molecular markers for the identification of the species. Morphological appearance, DNA sequence similarity searches and phylogenetic analysis collectively indicated it as M. allardi. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report providing molecular evidence of M. allardi using mitochondrial DNA barcode region (658bp) as well as mtCOI-3' sequences (817bp). The study will help in understanding population genetics through diversity analysis, ecological role, and phenotypic structures associated with the geographic range of this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rida Asrar
- Institute of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Mariyam Masood
- Department of Zoology, Government College Women University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imran Bodlah
- Insect Biodiversity and Conservation Group, Department of Entomology, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Suleman
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sumaira Yousaf
- Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Rasool G, Xinhua W, Lund LA, Yashkun U, Wakif A, Asghar A. Dual solutions of unsteady flow of copper-alumina/water based hybrid nanofluid with acute magnetic force and slip condition. Heliyon 2023; 9:e22737. [PMID: 38107315 PMCID: PMC10724664 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Suspending particles of tiny solid in a fluid used to transport energy can enhance its thermal conductivity and heat transport properties. Our main goal of this examination is to study the radiative unsteady two-dimensional (2D) flow on a continuously diminishing, horizontal sheet. with suction for the hybrid water-based nanofluid and an aligned field of magnetic, including the combined suction, magnetic, and velocity slip conditions effect. The Tiwari & Das model of nanofluid equations is used, which takes into consideration the solid volume percentage. Equations of similarity are derived by employing the transformations of similarity, and the associated equations have been simplified numerically by employing the bvp4c method in MATLAB software for a variety of values of the nanoparticle volume fraction, the unsteadiness, and the wall mass suction in water. It is discovered that, within the given the unsteadiness parameter range, two solutions exist. Moreover, it is found that the fluid velocity slows down in 1st solution as volume fraction of copper nanoparticles rises but speeds up in the second solution at first before slowing down again. Using a temporal stability analysis, it is found that only one of the dual branches is stable over the long run, while the other is unstable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Wang Xinhua
- Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, 100124, China
| | - Liaquat Ali Lund
- School of Quantitative Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
| | - Ubaidullah Yashkun
- Department of Mathematics and Social Sciences, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Pakistan
| | - Abderrahim Wakif
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University, Casablanca, Morocco
| | - Adnan Asghar
- School of Quantitative Sciences, Universiti Utara Malaysia, 06010, Sintok, Kedah, Malaysia
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Kashif M, Nasir A, Gulzaman, Rafique MK, Abbas M, ur Rehman A, Riaz M, Rasool G, Mtewa AG. Unlocking the anti-diabetic potential of Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum-graecum, and their combination thereof: An in-vivo evaluation. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:7664-7672. [PMID: 38107140 PMCID: PMC10724615 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to explore the anti-diabetic effect of aqueous extracts of Gymnema sylvestre, Trigonella foenum-graecum and mixture of both the plants in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. A total of 30 rabbits were grouped into six equal groups as: normal control, diabetic control, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg body weight (bw) G. sylvestre, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw T. foenum-graecum, diabetic treated with 300 mg/kg bw mixture of both the plants and diabetic treated with 500 mg/kg bw metformin for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced to all the study group animals except normal control by intravenous administration of alloxan monohydrate (80 mg/kg bw). Blood glucose was measured by glucometer and other biochemical parameters were determined through various kit methods. Serum insulin was measured through ELISA kit method. Results showed that both the plants and metformin significantly (p < .05) decreased the fasting blood glucose. Hypoglycemic activity of aqueous extract of G. sylvestre and metformin was found slightly higher than aqueous extract of T. foenum-graecum and the mixture of both the plants. However, a significant (p < .05) rise in insulin secretion was observed in studied plants extract treated rabbits. Serum urea, creatinine, and liver enzymes were found reduced significantly (p < .05) in treated rabbits whereas packed cell volume was also returned to normal in treated animals as compared to control group. The study concluded that G. sylvestre and T. foenum-graecum extracts have comparable effects with metformin in normalizing the blood glucose level and have more pronounced effect than metformin in restoring the serum biochemical parameters to normal levels. Hence, these plants may be the good alternative medicine in managing the diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Section Clinical Medicine), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Amar Nasir
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Section Clinical Medicine), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Gulzaman
- Department of Clinical Sciences (Section Clinical Medicine), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Rafique
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Basic Sciences (Section Biochemistry), College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Aziz ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal SciencesUniversity of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)JhangPakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of TechnologyMalawi University of Science and TechnologyLimbeMalawi
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Zhang S, Rasool G, Wang S, Zhang Y, Guo X, Wei Z, Zhang X, Yang X, Wang T. Biochar and Chlorella increase rice yield by improving saline-alkali soil physicochemical properties and regulating bacteria under aquaculture wastewater irrigation. Chemosphere 2023; 340:139850. [PMID: 37604341 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.139850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
The combined effects of biochar and Chlorella under aquaculture wastewater irrigation in improving saline-alkali soil physicochemical properties, microbial communities, and rice yield, is not yet clear. This study utilized soil physicochemical indicators and gene sequencing to examine the effect of salinity stress, biochar and Chlorella under aquaculture wastewater irrigation on soil properties, bacterial community compositions, and rice production. Treatments included three factors in a randomized complete block design with three replications: (i) Biochar - 40 tons ha -1 (BW) versus no-biochar (BN); (ii) Salinity - 3‰ salinity (SH) versus 1‰ salinity (SL); and (iii) Chlorella - with 107 cells mL -1 Chlorella (CW) versus no-Chlorella (CN). The results revealed that increased salinity adversely affected the soil nutrients (TOC, NO3⁻-N, NH4+-N, Olsen-P), and enzyme activity (urease, sucrase, catalase), resulting in a 9.67% reduction in rice yield compared to SL treatment. However, the close correlation between alterations in soil bacterial communities, functions, and soil physicochemical properties, as well as rice yield, indicated that biochar and Chlorella promoted rice yield by enhancing the physicochemical properties of saline-alkali soil and bacterial community when irrigated with aquaculture wastewater: (1) addition of biochar increased the146.05% rice yield by increasing TOC content, the complexity of bacterial co-occurrence patterns, nitrogen fixation potential, and nitrification potential, (2) addition of Chlorella increased TOC, NO3⁻-N, NH4+-N, enhanced urease, sucrase, catalase activity, and nitrification potential to increased rice yield by 60.29%, and (3) compared with the treatment T3 (SHBNCN), the treatments with biochar (BW) and Chlorella (CW) increased the yield by 561.30% and 445.03% under 1‰ and 3‰ salinity, respectively. These findings provide novel perspectives on the capacity of biochar and Chlorella to improve saline-alkali soil properties and increase rice yield irrigated with aquaculture wastewater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxuan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China; College of Hydrology and Water Resources, Hohai University, Nanjing, 210024, China
| | - Shou Wang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Xiangping Guo
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China.
| | - Zhejun Wei
- Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Department, Guangxi South Subtropical Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chongzuo, 532415, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- College of Agricultural Science and Engineering, Hohai University, No.8 Focheng West Road, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 211100, China
| | - Xing Yang
- Institute of Rural Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, 210017, China
| | - Tongshun Wang
- Institute of Rural Water Conservancy and Soil and Water Conservation, Jiangsu Hydraulic Research Institute, 210017, China
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12
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Waqas A, Bui MM, Glassy EF, El Naqa I, Borkowski P, Borkowski AA, Rasool G. Revolutionizing Digital Pathology With the Power of Generative Artificial Intelligence and Foundation Models. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100255. [PMID: 37757969 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Digital pathology has transformed the traditional pathology practice of analyzing tissue under a microscope into a computer vision workflow. Whole-slide imaging allows pathologists to view and analyze microscopic images on a computer monitor, enabling computational pathology. By leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML), computational pathology has emerged as a promising field in recent years. Recently, task-specific AI/ML (eg, convolutional neural networks) has risen to the forefront, achieving above-human performance in many image-processing and computer vision tasks. The performance of task-specific AI/ML models depends on the availability of many annotated training datasets, which presents a rate-limiting factor for AI/ML development in pathology. Task-specific AI/ML models cannot benefit from multimodal data and lack generalization, eg, the AI models often struggle to generalize to new datasets or unseen variations in image acquisition, staining techniques, or tissue types. The 2020s are witnessing the rise of foundation models and generative AI. A foundation model is a large AI model trained using sizable data, which is later adapted (or fine-tuned) to perform different tasks using a modest amount of task-specific annotated data. These AI models provide in-context learning, can self-correct mistakes, and promptly adjust to user feedback. In this review, we provide a brief overview of recent advances in computational pathology enabled by task-specific AI, their challenges and limitations, and then introduce various foundation models. We propose to create a pathology-specific generative AI based on multimodal foundation models and present its potentially transformative role in digital pathology. We describe different use cases, delineating how it could serve as an expert companion of pathologists and help them efficiently and objectively perform routine laboratory tasks, including quantifying image analysis, generating pathology reports, diagnosis, and prognosis. We also outline the potential role that foundation models and generative AI can play in standardizing the pathology laboratory workflow, education, and training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asim Waqas
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida.
| | - Marilyn M Bui
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Pathology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida
| | - Eric F Glassy
- Affiliated Pathologists Medical Group, Inc., Rancho Dominguez, California
| | - Issam El Naqa
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
| | - Piotr Borkowski
- Quest Diagnostics/Ameripath, Tampa, Florida; Center of Excellence for Digital and AI-Empowered Pathology, Quest Diagnostics, Tampa, Florida
| | - Andrew A Borkowski
- University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; James A. Haley Veterans' Hospital, Tampa, Florida; National Artificial Intelligence Institute, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Machine Learning, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida; Department of Electrical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida; University of South Florida, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, Florida; Department of Neuro-Oncology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida
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Javaid S, Mushtaq S, Mumtaz MZ, Rasool G, Naqqash T, Afzal M, Mushtaq U, Ali HM, Akhtar MFUZ, Abbas G, Li L. Mineral Solubilizing Rhizobacterial Strains Mediated Biostimulation of Rhodes Grass Seedlings. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2543. [PMID: 37894201 PMCID: PMC10609362 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Minerals play a dynamic role in plant growth and development. However, most of these mineral nutrients are unavailable to plants due to their presence in fixed forms, which causes significant losses in crop production. An effective strategy to overcome this challenge is using mineral solubilizing bacteria, which can convert insoluble forms of minerals into soluble ones that plants can quickly assimilate, thus enhancing their availability in nutrient-depleted soils. The main objective of the present study was to isolate and characterize mineral solubilizing rhizobacteria and to assess their plant growth-promoting potential for Rhodes grass. Twenty-five rhizobacterial strains were isolated on a nutrient agar medium. They were characterized for solubilization of insoluble minerals (phosphate, potassium, zinc, and manganese), indole acetic acid production, enzymatic activities, and various morphological traits. The selected strains were also evaluated for their potential to promote the growth of Rhodes grass seedlings. Among tested strains, eight strains demonstrated strong qualitative and quantitative solubilization of insoluble phosphate. Strain MS2 reported the highest phosphate solubilization index, phosphate solubilization efficiency, available phosphorus concentration, and reduction in medium pH. Among tested strains, 75% were positive for zinc and manganese solubilization, and 37.5% were positive for potassium solubilization. Strain MS2 demonstrated the highest quantitative manganese solubilization, while strains MS7 and SM4 reported the highest solubilization of zinc and potassium through acidifying their respective media. The strain SM4 demonstrated the most increased IAA production in the presence and absence of L-tryptophan. The majority of strains were positive for various enzymes, including urease, catalase protease, and amylase activities. However, these strains were negative for coagulase activity except strains SM7 and MS7. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, six strains, namely, SM2, SM4, SM5, MS1, MS2, and MS4, were identified as Bacillus cereus, while strains SM7 and MS7 were identified as Staphylococcus saprophyticus and Staphylococcus haemolyticus. These strains significantly improved growth attributes of Rhodes grass, such as root length, shoot length, and root and shoot fresh and dry biomasses compared to the uninoculated control group. The present study highlights the significance of mineral solubilizing and enzyme-producing rhizobacterial strains as potential bioinoculants to enhance Rhodes grass growth under mineral-deficient conditions sustainably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaista Javaid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Mushtaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zahid Mumtaz
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Tahir Naqqash
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Maha Afzal
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Uzma Mushtaq
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore Main Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Hayssam M. Ali
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | | | - Ghulam Abbas
- Centre for Climate Research and Development, COMSATS University Islamabad, Islamabad 45550, Pakistan
| | - Lingling Li
- College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
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Vaishnav M, Javed A, Gupta S, Kumar V, Vaishnav P, Kumar A, Salih H, levounis P, NG B, Alkhoori S, Luguercho C, Soghoyan A, Moore E, Lakra V, Aigner M, Wancata J, Ismayilova J, Islam MA, Da Silva AG, Chaimowitz G, Xiaoping W, Okasha T, Meyer-Lindenberg A, Schulze T, NG R, Chiu SN, (Sherry) CKW, Tanra AJ, Park YC, Panteleeva L, Taveras M, Mazaliauskiene R, Sulaiman AHB, Sanchez T, Sedain CP, Sheikh TL, Lien L, Rasool G, Buenaventura R, Gambheera HC, Ranasinghe K, Sartorius N, Charnsil C, Larnaout A, Nakku J, Ashurov Z. Stigma towards mental illness in Asian nations and low-and-middle-income countries, and comparison with high-income countries: A literature review and practice implications. Indian J Psychiatry 2023; 65:995-1011. [PMID: 38108051 PMCID: PMC10725213 DOI: 10.4103/indianjpsychiatry.indianjpsychiatry_667_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Stigma related to mental illness (and its treatment) is prevalent worldwide. This stigma could be at the structural or organizational level, societal level (interpersonal stigma), and the individual level (internalized stigma). Vulnerable populations, for example, gender minorities, children, adolescents, and geriatric populations, are more prone to stigma. The magnitude of stigma and its negative influence is determined by socio-cultural factors and macro (mental health policies, programs) or micro-level factors (societal views, health sectors, or individuals' attitudes towards mentally ill persons). Mental health stigma is associated with more serious psychological problems among the victims, reduced access to mental health care, poor adherence to treatment, and unfavorable outcomes. Although various nationwide and well-established anti-stigma interventions/campaigns exist in high-income countries (HICs) with favorable outcomes, a comprehensive synthesis of literature from the Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs), more so from the Asian continent is lacking. The lack of such literature impedes growth in stigma-related research, including developing anti-stigma interventions. Aim To synthesize the available mental health stigma literature from Asia and LMICs and compare them on the mental health stigma, anti-stigma interventions, and the effectiveness of such interventions from HICs. Materials and Methods PubMed and Google Scholar databases were screened using the following search terms: stigma, prejudice, discrimination, stereotype, perceived stigma, associate stigma (for Stigma), mental health, mental illness, mental disorder psychiatric* (for mental health), and low-and-middle-income countries, LMICs, High-income countries, and Asia, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation/SAARC (for countries of interest). Bibliographic and grey literature were also performed to obtain the relevant records. Results The anti-stigma interventions in Asia nations and LMICs are generalized (vs. disorder specific), population-based (vs. specific groups, such as patients, caregivers, and health professionals), mostly educative (vs. contact-based or attitude and behavioral-based programs), and lacking in long-term effectiveness data. Government, international/national bodies, professional organizations, and mental health professionals can play a crucial in addressing mental health stigma. Conclusion There is a need for a multi-modal intervention and multi-sectoral coordination to mitigate the mental health stigma. Greater research (nationwide surveys, cultural determinants of stigma, culture-specific anti-stigma interventions) in this area is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrugesh Vaishnav
- Samvedana Group of Hospital and Research Centre, Institute of Psychological and Sexual Research-Samvedana Foundation, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | - Afzal Javed
- World Psychiatric Association (WPA), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Snehil Gupta
- Associate Professor, Dept. of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Vinay Kumar
- President, Indian Psychiatric Society, Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India
| | | | - Akash Kumar
- Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS), Bhopal, India
| | - Hakimullah Salih
- President, Afghanistan National Psychiatrists Association, San Diego, USA
| | | | - Bernardo NG
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Samia Alkhoori
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Cora Luguercho
- President, Association of Argentine Psychiatrists (APSA), Australia
| | | | - Elizabeth Moore
- President of the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP), Australia
| | - Vinay Lakra
- Divisional Director, Mental Health, Northern Health, Australia
| | - Martin Aigner
- President, Austrian Society for Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics
| | - Johannes Wancata
- Professor and Chair for Social Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, University Campus
| | - Jamila Ismayilova
- The National Mental Health Center of the Ministry of Health of Azerbaijan
| | - Md. Azizul Islam
- President, Bangladesh Association of Psychiatrist, Principal, US-Bangla Medical College
| | | | - Gary Chaimowitz
- Head of Service, Forensic Psychiatry Program, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton
| | | | - Tarek Okasha
- Professor of Psychiatry, Okasha Institute of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine Ain Shams University in Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Thomas Schulze
- Director of the Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (www.ippg.eu) at the University Hospital of LMU, Munich, Germany
| | | | - SN Chiu
- President, Hong Kong College of Psychiatrists
| | - Chan Kit Wa (Sherry)
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Clinical Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Yong Chon Park
- Emeritus Professor, Department of Psychiatry, Han Yang University, Seoul, Korea
| | | | - Marisol Taveras
- Department of Mental Health, Dr. Ney Arias Lora Traumatology Hospital, Santo Domingo Norte
| | - Ramune Mazaliauskiene
- Lithuanian Health Sciences University; Lithuanian Health Sciences University Kaunas Hospital
| | | | | | | | | | - Lars Lien
- Department of Health and Social Science, Innlandet University of Applied Science, Elverum, Norway
| | | | - Robert Buenaventura
- Associate Professor II, La Consolacion University Philippines College of Medicine
| | | | | | - Norman Sartorius
- President, Association for the Improvement of Mental Health Programmes (AMH), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Chawanun Charnsil
- Professor of Psychiatry: Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Amine Larnaout
- Razi Hospital, Faculty of Medicine of Tunis, Tunis El Manar University, Tunisia
| | - Juliet Nakku
- Butabika Hospital and Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Zarif Ashurov
- Head of the Psychiatry and Narcology, Department of the Tashkent Medical Academy
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Ghanim AAJ, Anjum MN, Rasool G, Saifullah, Irfan M, Rahman S, Mursal SNF, Niazi UM. Assessing spatiotemporal trends of total and extreme precipitation in a subtropical highland region: A climate perspective. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0289570. [PMID: 37540654 PMCID: PMC10403077 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This study used a dataset of 30 years (1990-2020) of daily observations from 24 meteorological stations in the northern highlands of Pakistan to assess trends in extreme precipitation indices. The RClimDex model was used to analyze the indices, and the Modified Mann-Kendal test and the Theil-Sen slope estimator were applied to determine trends and slopes, respectively. The results showed a significant decrease in total annual precipitation amount (PRCPTOT) with varying rates of negative trend from -4.44 mm/year to -19.63 mm/year. The total winter and monsoon precipitation amounts were also decreased during the past three decades. The intensity-based precipitation indices (RX1Day, RX5Day, R95p, R99p, and SDII) showed a significant decrease in extreme intensity events over time, while the count of consecutive dry days (CDD) and consecutive wet days (CWD) indicated a significant decrease in duration at multiple stations. The annual counts of days with precipitation more than or equal to 10 mm (R10), 20 mm (R20), and 25 mm (R25) exhibited a significant decrease in frequency of extreme precipitation events, with the decrease more pronounced in the northern parts of the study domain. The findings of this study indicate a significant decline in the intensity, frequency, and extent of precipitation extremes across the northern highlands of Pakistan over the past 30 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Naveed Anjum
- Department of Land and Water Conservation Engineering, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Land and Water Conservation Engineering, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Saifullah
- Department of Land and Water Conservation Engineering, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saifur Rahman
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Salim Nasar Faraj Mursal
- Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usama Muhammad Niazi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, National Skills University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Husain N, Kiran T, Chaudhry IB, Williams C, Emsley R, Arshad U, Ansari MA, Bassett P, Bee P, Bhatia MR, Chew-Graham C, Husain MO, Irfan M, Khaliq A, Minhas FA, Naeem F, Naqvi H, Nizami AT, Noureen A, Panagioti M, Rasool G, Saeed S, Bukhari SQ, Tofique S, Zadeh ZF, Zafar SN, Chaudhry N. A culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for adults with a history of self-harm: a multi-centre randomised controlled trial. BMC Med 2023; 21:282. [PMID: 37525207 PMCID: PMC10391745 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-02983-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-harm is an important predictor of a suicide death. Culturally appropriate strategies for the prevention of self-harm and suicide are needed but the evidence is very limited from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a culturally adapted manual-assisted problem-solving intervention (CMAP) for patients presenting after self-harm. METHODS This was a rater-blind, multicenter randomised controlled trial. The study sites were all participating emergency departments, medical wards of general hospitals and primary care centres in Karachi, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Peshawar, and Quetta, Pakistan. Patients presenting after a self-harm episode (n = 901) to participating recruitment sites were assessed and randomised (1:1) to one of the two arms; CMAP with enhanced treatment as usual (E-TAU) or E-TAU. The intervention (CMAP) is a manual-assisted, cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT)-informed problem-focused therapy, comprising six one-to-one sessions delivered over three months. Repetition of self-harm at 12-month post-randomisation was the primary outcome and secondary outcomes included suicidal ideation, hopelessness, depression, health-related quality of life (QoL), coping resources, and level of satisfaction with service received, assessed at baseline, 3-, 6-, 9-, and 12-month post-randomisation. The trial is registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. NCT02742922 (April 2016). RESULTS We screened 3786 patients for eligibility and 901 eligible, consented patients were randomly assigned to the CMAP plus E-TAU arm (n = 440) and E-TAU arm (N = 461). The number of self-harm repetitions for CMAP plus E-TAU was lower (n = 17) compared to the E-TAU arm (n = 23) at 12-month post-randomisation, but the difference was not statistically significant (p = 0.407). There was a statistically and clinically significant reduction in other outcomes including suicidal ideation (- 3.6 (- 4.9, - 2.4)), depression (- 7.1 (- 8.7, - 5.4)), hopelessness (- 2.6 (- 3.4, - 1.8), and improvement in health-related QoL and coping resources after completion of the intervention in the CMAP plus E-TAU arm compared to the E-TAU arm. The effect was sustained at 12-month follow-up for all the outcomes except for suicidal ideation and hopelessness. On suicidal ideation and hopelessness, participants in the intervention arm scored lower compared to the E-TAU arm but the difference was not statistically significant, though the participants in both arms were in low-risk category at 12-month follow-up. The improvement in both arms is explained by the established role of enhanced care in suicide prevention. CONCLUSIONS Suicidal ideation is considered an important target for the prevention of suicide, therefore, CMAP intervention should be considered for inclusion in the self-harm and suicide prevention guidelines. Given the improvement in the E-TAU arm, the potential use of brief interventions such as regular contact requires further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Husain
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, England, UK
- Mersey Care NHS Foundation Trust, Kings Business Park, Trust Offices/V7 Buildings, Prescot, L34 1PJ, England, UK
| | - Tayyeba Kiran
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Suite No. 201, 2nd Floor, The Plaza, Do-Talwar, Khayaban-E-Iqbal, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan.
| | - Imran Bashir Chaudhry
- Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, England, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Ziauddin University and Hospital, 4/B Shahrah-E-Ghalib Rd, Block 6 Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Christopher Williams
- Institute of Health and Well Being, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Richard Emsley
- Medical Statistics & Trials Methodology, Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London, Strand, London, WC2R 2LS, England, UK
| | - Usman Arshad
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Suite No. 201, 2nd Floor, The Plaza, Do-Talwar, Khayaban-E-Iqbal, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Moin Ahmed Ansari
- Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, C7PC+337, Hyderabad, Jamshoro, Pakistan
| | - Paul Bassett
- Statistical Consultancy, Hemel Hempstead, England, UK
| | - Penny Bee
- Division of Nursing, Midwifery and Social Work, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, England, UK
| | - Moti Ram Bhatia
- Peoples University of Medical & Health Science for Women Nawabshah, 6CV3+7HW, Hospital Road, Shaheed Benazirabad, Nawabshah, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Omair Husain
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatry and Behavioural Sciences, Peshawar Medical College, Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Khaliq
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Suite No. 201, 2nd Floor, The Plaza, Do-Talwar, Khayaban-E-Iqbal, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Farooq Naeem
- CAMH, University of Toronto, 399 Bathurst St, Toronto, ON, M5T 2S8, Canada
| | - Haider Naqvi
- Department of Psychiatry, Dow University of Health Sciences, Mission Rd, New Labour Colony Nanakwara, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Asad Tamizuddin Nizami
- Institute of Psychiatry, Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Near Chandni Chowk, Murree Rd, Chah Sultan, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - Amna Noureen
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Suite No. 201, 2nd Floor, The Plaza, Do-Talwar, Khayaban-E-Iqbal, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Maria Panagioti
- Division of Population Health, Health Services Research & Primary Care, Institute for Health Policy and Organisation/Alliance Manchester Business School, University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Balochistan Institute of Psychiatry & Behavioural Sciences, Bolan Medical College, 5XRG+VGC, Brewery Rd, Quetta, Pakistan
| | - Sofiya Saeed
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Suite No. 201, 2nd Floor, The Plaza, Do-Talwar, Khayaban-E-Iqbal, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sumira Qambar Bukhari
- Department of Psychiatry, Services Institute of Medical Sciences, G8QM+JWR, Jail Rd, Shadman 1 Shadman, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sehrish Tofique
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Suite No. 201, 2nd Floor, The Plaza, Do-Talwar, Khayaban-E-Iqbal, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Zainab F Zadeh
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Suite No. 201, 2nd Floor, The Plaza, Do-Talwar, Khayaban-E-Iqbal, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Shehla Naeem Zafar
- Institute of Nursing, Iqra University, G-16/1 Allama Rasheed Turabi Rd, Block-B Block B, North Nazimabad Town, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Nasim Chaudhry
- Pakistan Institute of Living and Learning, Suite No. 201, 2nd Floor, The Plaza, Do-Talwar, Khayaban-E-Iqbal, Clifton, Karachi, Pakistan
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Arabi YM, Al-Dorzi HM, Sadat M, Muharib D, Algethamy H, Al-Hameed F, Mady A, AlGhamdi A, Almekhlafi GA, Al-Fares AA, Kharaba A, Al Bshabshe A, Maghrabi K, Al Ghamdi K, Rasool G, Chalabi J, AlHumedi HI, Sakkijha MH, Alamrey NK, Alhutail RH, Sifaoui K, Almaani M, Alqahtani R, Qureshi AS, Hejazi MM, Arishi H, AlQahtani S, Ghazi AM, Baaziz ST, Azhar AO, Alabbas SF, AlAqeely M, AlOrabi O, Al-Mutawa A, AlOtaibi M, Aldibaasi O, Jose J, Starkopf J, Preiser JC, Perner A, Al-Dawood A. Replacing protein via enteral nutrition in a stepwise approach in critically ill patients: the REPLENISH randomized clinical trial protocol. Trials 2023; 24:485. [PMID: 37518058 PMCID: PMC10388494 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07507-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein intake is recommended in critically ill patients to mitigate the negative effects of critical illness-induced catabolism and muscle wasting. However, the optimal dose of enteral protein remains unknown. We hypothesize that supplemental enteral protein (1.2 g/kg/day) added to standard enteral nutrition formula to achieve high amount of enteral protein (range 2-2.4 g/kg/day) given from ICU day 5 until ICU discharge or ICU day 90 as compared to no supplemental enteral protein to achieve moderate amount enteral protein (0.8-1.2 g/kg/day) would reduce all-cause 90-day mortality in adult critically ill mechanically ventilated patients. METHODS The REPLENISH (Replacing Protein Via Enteral Nutrition in a Stepwise Approach in Critically Ill Patients) trial is an open-label, multicenter randomized clinical trial. Patients will be randomized to the supplemental protein group or the control group. Patients in both groups will receive the primary enteral formula as per the treating team, which includes a maximum protein 1.2 g/kg/day. The supplemental protein group will receive, in addition, supplemental protein at 1.2 g/kg/day starting the fifth ICU day. The control group will receive the primary formula without supplemental protein. The primary outcome is 90-day all-cause mortality. Other outcomes include functional and quality of life assessments at 90 days. The trial will enroll 2502 patients. DISCUSSION The study has been initiated in September 2021. Interim analysis is planned at one third and two thirds of the target sample size. The study is expected to be completed by the end of 2025. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04475666 . Registered on July 17, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen M Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan M Al-Dorzi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Musharaf Sadat
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dina Muharib
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifa Algethamy
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Al-Hameed
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Mady
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Adnan AlGhamdi
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaleb A Almekhlafi
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulrahman A Al-Fares
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Ayman Kharaba
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Departments, King Fahad Hospital, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
- Critical Care Units, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Al Bshabshe
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Khalid University, Aseer Central Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Maghrabi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid Al Ghamdi
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jamal Chalabi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia
- King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, AlAhsa, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haifaa Ibrahim AlHumedi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maram Hasan Sakkijha
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah Khalid Alamrey
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rabeah Hamad Alhutail
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Kaouthar Sifaoui
- Pulmonary & Critical Care Departments, King Fahad Hospital, Medinah, Saudi Arabia
- Critical Care Units, Ministry of Health, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Almaani
- Adult Critical Care Services, King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rakan Alqahtani
- Department of Critical Care, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad S Qureshi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Intensive Care Department, Prince Mohammed Bin Abdulaziz Hospital, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed Moneer Hejazi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hatim Arishi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samah AlQahtani
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amro Mohamed Ghazi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh T Baaziz
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer Othman Azhar
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sara Fahad Alabbas
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed AlAqeely
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ohoud AlOrabi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliaa Al-Mutawa
- Department of Nutrition, Critical Care Medicine and Pain Medicine, Al-Amiri Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Maha AlOtaibi
- Intensive Care Department, King Saud Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Omar Aldibaasi
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesna Jose
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joel Starkopf
- Clinic of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, University of Tartu, Tartu University Hospital, Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Anders Perner
- Department of Intensive Care, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Dawood
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Riaz M, Khalid R, Afzal M, Anjum F, Fatima H, Zia S, Rasool G, Egbuna C, Mtewa AG, Uche CZ, Aslam MA. Phytobioactive compounds as therapeutic agents for human diseases: A review. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:2500-2529. [PMID: 37324906 PMCID: PMC10261751 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytobioactive compounds are plant secondary metabolites and bioactive compounds abundantly present in medicinal plants and have remarkable therapeutic potential. Oxidative stress and antibiotic resistance are major causes of present-day ailments such as diabetes, atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disorders, cancer, and inflammation. The data for this review were collected from Google Scholar, PubMed, Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and Science Direct by using keywords: "Medicinal plants, Phytobioactive compounds, Polyphenols, Alkaloids, Carotenoids etc." Several studies have reported the pharmacological and therapeutic potential of the phytobioactives. Polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenes, and polysaccharides isolated from medicinal plants showed remarkable antioxidant, anticancer, cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, cardioprotective, hepatoprotective, immunomodulatory, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities. This literature review was planned to provide comprehensive insight into the biopharmacological and therapeutic potential of phytobioactive compounds. The techniques used for the extraction and isolation of phytobioactive compounds, and bioassays required for their biological activities such as antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and cytotoxic activities, have been discussed. Characterization techniques for the structural elucidation of phytobioactive compounds such as HPLC, TLC, FTIR, GC-MS/MS, and NMR have also been discussed. This review concludes that phytobioactive compounds may be used as potential alternative to synthetic compounds as therapeutic agents for the treatment of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Ramsha Khalid
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | | | - Fozia Anjum
- Department of ChemistryGovernment College UniversityFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Hina Fatima
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Central PunjabLahorePakistan
| | - Saadiya Zia
- Department of BiochemistryUniversity of AgricultureFaisalabadPakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health SciencesUniversity of SargodhaSargodhaPakistan
| | - Chukwuebuka Egbuna
- Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE‐PUTOR), Nutritional Biochemistry and Toxicology UnitUniversity of Port‐HarcourtPort HarcourtNigeria
| | - Andrew G. Mtewa
- Chemistry Section, Malawi Institute of TechnologyMalawi University of Science and TechnologyLimbeMalawi
| | - Chukwuemelie Zedech Uche
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Basic Medical SciencesUniversity of NigeriaEnuguNigeria
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19
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Wang X, Rasool G, Shafiq A, Thumma T, Al-Mdallal QM. Numerical study of hydrothermal and mass aspects in MHD driven Sisko-nanofluid flow including optimization analysis using response surface method. Sci Rep 2023; 13:7821. [PMID: 37188841 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34960-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
A steady, incompressible, two-dimensional Sisko-nanofluid flow towards the horizontal direction with no movement in the vertical direction is considered on a stretching/shrinking surface. The power law component (Sisko model) is incorporated under the regime of the porous medium. A magnetic impact is included coming from the MHD in the surface normal direction. In addition, thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis are involved in the governing system of equations obtained from the Navier-Stokes model in two-dimensional flow systems. The PDEs are converted into the one-dimensional system using suitable transformations and solved by Galerkin weighted residual method validated with the spectral collocation method. The optimization analysis is performed on heat transfer and skin-friction factors using response surface methodology. The impact of the parameters involved in the model has been testified and is provided in graphical forms. The outcomes indicate that for the values of the porosity factor fluctuating between [0, 2.5], the velocity profile and corresponding boundary layer thickness are lesser towards the maximum value of the parameter, and the results are opposite as the parameter approaches zero. The optimization and sensitivity analysis shows that the transport of heat sensitivity towards thermal radiation, Brownian diffusion, and thermophoresis declined whenever the Nt and Nb increased from low to high and at the medium level of thermal radiation. An increment in the Forchheimer parameter increases the sensitivity of the rate of friction factor, whereas increasing the Sisk-fluid parameter has the reverse effect. Elongation processes like those of pseudopods and bubbles make use of such models. The idea is also widely used in other sectors, such as the textile industry, glass fiber production, cooling baths, paper manufacture, and many more.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhua Wang
- Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Anum Shafiq
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu International Joint Laboratory on System Modeling and Data Analysis, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China
| | - Thirupathi Thumma
- Department of Mathematics, B V Raju Institute of Technology, Narsapur, Medak, Telangana State, 502313, India
| | - Qasem M Al-Mdallal
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, UAE University, P.O. Box 15551, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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20
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Epifano JR, Ramachandran RP, Masino AJ, Rasool G. Revisiting the fragility of influence functions. Neural Netw 2023; 162:581-588. [PMID: 37011460 DOI: 10.1016/j.neunet.2023.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
In the last few years, many works have tried to explain the predictions of deep learning models. Few methods, however, have been proposed to verify the accuracy or faithfulness of these explanations. Recently, influence functions, which is a method that approximates the effect that leave-one-out training has on the loss function, has been shown to be fragile. The proposed reason for their fragility remains unclear. Although previous work suggests the use of regularization to increase robustness, this does not hold in all cases. In this work, we seek to investigate the experiments performed in the prior work in an effort to understand the underlying mechanisms of influence function fragility. First, we verify influence functions using procedures from the literature under conditions where the convexity assumptions of influence functions are met. Then, we relax these assumptions and study the effects of non-convexity by using deeper models and more complex datasets. Here, we analyze the key metrics and procedures that are used to validate influence functions. Our results indicate that the validation procedures may cause the observed fragility.
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21
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Rasool G, Khan AM, Malik IR, Riaz M, Tahir IM, Rehman AU, Abbas M. Reported Seroprevalence of Transfusion-Transmitted Infections in Voluntary and Replacement Donors. Transfus Med Rev 2023:S0887-7963(23)00002-0. [PMID: 36959032 DOI: 10.1016/j.tmrv.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Arif Muhammad Khan
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Imran Riaz Malik
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan.
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Basic Sciences (Section Biochemistry), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Jhang, Punjab, Pakistan
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22
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Malik A, Khan A, Mahmood Q, Nawaz Marth MM, Riaz M, Tabassum T, Rasool G, Rehman MFU, Batool AI, Kanwal F, Cai R. In Vivo and In Silico Assessment of the Cardioprotective Effect of Thymus linearis Extract against Ischemic Myocardial Injury. ACS Omega 2022; 7:43635-43646. [PMID: 36506215 PMCID: PMC9730472 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c04544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction is irreversible cardiac tissue necrosis due to the blockage of one of the arteries. It leads to an insufficient supply of oxygen and nutrients, creating muscular damage in the affected regions. In the present study, aqueous methanolic extract of Thymus linearis was prepared to evaluate its activity against ischemic stress due to free radical production. GC-MS analysis was performed to evaluate the phytochemicals present in the plant extract. A chemical database of 30 compounds was virtually screened against NF-κB, COX2, and MCL, where γ-cadinene, β-bisabolene, and β-caryophyllene were found to be the best interacting ligands. To systematically assess cardioprotective activity against ischemia, isoproterenol and doxorubicin were used to induce cardiotoxicity in rats. The prepared extract of T. linearis (100 mg/kg) was given daily to animals for 21 days before injecting isoproterenol (85 mg/kg of animal weight) subcutaneously in two doses on the 20th and 21st days. In the case of doxorubicin, cardiotoxicity was induced in rats by a single injection (15 mg/kg) on the seventh day, and the extract was given to animals for 10 consecutive days. Animals' blood samples were used to monitor cardiac, liver, and other marker enzymes, including LDH, CPK, and AST. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also assayed in blood plasma to determine the degree of oxidative stress. H&E staining was performed to evaluate cardioprotection by plant extract, showing significant preventive effects in reducing cardiac injury induced by isoproterenol and doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Malik
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University
of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ajmal Khan
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University
of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- Department
of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University
of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Mukabbir
College of Pharmacy, Gujrat 50700, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department
of Allied Health Sciences, University of
Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Tabassum
- Department
of Pathology, Sargodha Medical College, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department
of Allied Health Sciences, University of
Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Aima Iram Batool
- Department
of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Kanwal
- Department
of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Rujie Cai
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China
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23
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Rasool G, Shafiq A, Chu YM, Bhutta MS, Ali A. Optimal Homotopic Exploration of Features of Cattaneo-Christov Model in Second Grade Nanofluid Flow via Darcy-Forchheimer Medium Subject to Viscous Dissipation and Thermal Radiation. Comb Chem High Throughput Screen 2022; 25:2485-2497. [PMID: 34477515 DOI: 10.2174/1386207324666210903144447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In this article, Optimal Homotopy Analysis Method (oHAM) is used for the exploration of the features of the Cattaneo-Christov model in viscous and chemically reactive nanofluid flow through a porous medium with stretching velocity at the solid/sheet surface and free stream velocity at the free surface. METHODS The two important aspects, Brownian motion and Thermophoresis, are considered. Thermal radiation is also included in the present model. Based on the heat and mass flux, the Cattaneo- Christov model is implemented on the Temperature and Concentration distributions. The governing Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) are converted into Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations. The results are achieved using the optimal homotopy analysis method (oHAM). The optimal convergence and residual errors have been calculated to preserve the validity of the model. RESULTS The results are plotted graphically to see the variations in three main profiles. i.e. momentum, temperature and concentration profile. CONCLUSION The outcomes indicate that skin friction enhances due to the implementation of the Darcy medium. It is also noted that the relaxation time parameter results in enhancement of the temperature distribution. Thermal radiation enhances the temperature distribution and so is the case with skin friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- Binjiang College, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Anum Shafiq
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Yu-Ming Chu
- Department of Mathematics, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, P.R. China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib Bhutta
- Binjiang College, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Wuxi, Jiangsu, P.R. China
| | - Amjad Ali
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu, P.R. China
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24
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Ahmed S, Dera D, Hassan SU, Bouaynaya N, Rasool G. Failure Detection in Deep Neural Networks for Medical Imaging. Front Med Technol 2022; 4:919046. [PMID: 35958121 PMCID: PMC9359318 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2022.919046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Deep neural networks (DNNs) have started to find their role in the modern healthcare system. DNNs are being developed for diagnosis, prognosis, treatment planning, and outcome prediction for various diseases. With the increasing number of applications of DNNs in modern healthcare, their trustworthiness and reliability are becoming increasingly important. An essential aspect of trustworthiness is detecting the performance degradation and failure of deployed DNNs in medical settings. The softmax output values produced by DNNs are not a calibrated measure of model confidence. Softmax probability numbers are generally higher than the actual model confidence. The model confidence-accuracy gap further increases for wrong predictions and noisy inputs. We employ recently proposed Bayesian deep neural networks (BDNNs) to learn uncertainty in the model parameters. These models simultaneously output the predictions and a measure of confidence in the predictions. By testing these models under various noisy conditions, we show that the (learned) predictive confidence is well calibrated. We use these reliable confidence values for monitoring performance degradation and failure detection in DNNs. We propose two different failure detection methods. In the first method, we define a fixed threshold value based on the behavior of the predictive confidence with changing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the test dataset. The second method learns the threshold value with a neural network. The proposed failure detection mechanisms seamlessly abstain from making decisions when the confidence of the BDNN is below the defined threshold and hold the decision for manual review. Resultantly, the accuracy of the models improves on the unseen test samples. We tested our proposed approach on three medical imaging datasets: PathMNIST, DermaMNIST, and OrganAMNIST, under different levels and types of noise. An increase in the noise of the test images increases the number of abstained samples. BDNNs are inherently robust and show more than 10% accuracy improvement with the proposed failure detection methods. The increased number of abstained samples or an abrupt increase in the predictive variance indicates model performance degradation or possible failure. Our work has the potential to improve the trustworthiness of DNNs and enhance user confidence in the model predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabeen Ahmed
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
- *Correspondence: Sabeen Ahmed
| | - Dimah Dera
- University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Brownsville, TX, United States
| | | | - Nidhal Bouaynaya
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Rowan University, Glassboro, NJ, United States
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Machine Learning Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, United States
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25
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Maneengam A, Laidoudi H, Abderrahmane A, Rasool G, Guedri K, Weera W, Younis O, Bouallegue B. Entropy Generation in 2D Lid-Driven Porous Container with the Presence of Obstacles of Different Shapes and under the Influences of Buoyancy and Lorentz Forces. Nanomaterials 2022; 12:nano12132206. [PMID: 35808041 PMCID: PMC9268306 DOI: 10.3390/nano12132206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This paper includes a numerical investigation of a hybrid fluid containing 4% of Al2O3-Cu nanoparticles in a lid-driven container. The upper wall of the container has a high temperature and is movable. The lower wall is cool and wavy. An obstacle is set in the middle of the container for its effect on thermal activity. The medium is permeable to the fluid, and the entire system is immersed in a fixed-effect magnetic field. The digital simulation is achieved using the technique of Galerkin finite element (GFEM) which solves the differential equations. This investigation aims to know the pattern of heat transfer between the lateral walls and the lower wall of the container through the intervention of a set of conditions and criteria, namely: the strength of the magnetic field changes in the range of (Ha = 0 to 100); the chamber porosity varies in the range of (Da = 10−5 to 10−2); the strength of buoyancy force is varied according to the Grashof number (Gr = 102 to 104); the cross-section of the baffle includes the following shapes—elliptical, square, triangular and circular; the surface of the lower wall contains waves; and the number changes (N = 2 to 8). Through this research, it was concluded that the triangular shape of the baffle is the best in terms of thermal activity. Also, increasing the number of lower-wall waves reduces thermal activity. For example, the change in the shape of the obstacle from the elliptical to triangular raises the value of Nu number at a rate of 15.54% for Ha = 0, N = 8, and Gr = 104.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apichit Maneengam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Technology, College of Industrial Technology, King Mongkut’s University of Technology North Bangkok, Bangkok 10800, Thailand;
| | - Houssem Laidoudi
- Laborarory of Sciences and Marine Engineering (LSIM), Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, USTO-MB, El-Menaouer, Oran 31000, Algeria;
| | - Aissa Abderrahmane
- Laboratoire de Physique Quantique de la Matière et Modélisation Mathématique (LPQ3M), University of Mascara, Mascara 29000, Algeria;
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Intelligent Machinery, Faculty of Materials and Manufacturing, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China;
| | - Kamel Guedri
- Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering and Islamic Architecture, Umm Al-Qura University, P.O. Box 5555, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Wajaree Weera
- Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
- Correspondence:
| | - Obai Younis
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Wadi Addwaser 11991, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Belgacem Bouallegue
- College of Computer Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia;
- Electronics and Micro-Electronics Laboratory, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir 1002, Tunisia
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Abbas M, Shaheen S, Arshad A, Ali M, Rasool B, Rasool G. Comparative light and scanning electron microscopic studies of pollen of two marijuana species causing allergies. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:3181-3186. [PMID: 35661329 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Marijuana (Cannabis) belongs to family Cannabaceae. This plant is a great natural source of cannabinoids, which have several medical applications such as it is used for the treatment of anxiety and psychosis, disorders of motility and epilepsy. However, this plant is also notorious for its pollen allergic reactions. Mainly two species, that is, C. sativa L. and C.indica Lam. are involved in allergic reactions. In this study, morpho-palynological studies of both the species were conducted. A number of morphological differences were observed in the both species. C. sativa is tall with narrowed leaves and fibrous stalk plant while C. indica is short, bushier, broad leaves, and having woody stalk plant. Both the species are varied in their pollen characteristics. The polar diameter of C. sativa observed was 7.5 μm and equatorial diameter was 8 μm, and its shape was oblate-spheroidal. C. indica had 7 μm polar diameter, 7.5 μm equatorial diameter but its shape was similar to C. sativa, that is, oblate-spheroidal. About 40%-50% people were affected with both these marijuana species and had symptoms of allergies like dry cough, congestion, itchy eyes, sore throat, nausea, a runny nose, watery eyes, and sneezing. It was concluded that both species' pollen are allergy causing and pollen of both species are different with variations in morphological and allergic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moneeza Abbas
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Botany, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Amina Arshad
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Entomology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bilal Rasool
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Bhutta MS, Xuebang T, Akram S, Yidong C, Ren X, Fasehullah M, Rasool G, Nazir MT. Development of novel hybrid 2D-3D graphene oxide diamond micro composite polyimide films to ameliorate electrical & thermal conduction. J IND ENG CHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2022.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Naz F, Malik A, Riaz M, Mahmood Q, Mehmood MH, Rasool G, Mahmood Z, Abbas M. Bromocriptine Therapy: Review of mechanism of action, safety and tolerability. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2022; 49:903-922. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Faiza Naz
- Punjab University College of Pharmacy University of the Punjab Lahore Pakistan
| | - Abdul Malik
- College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Qaisar Mahmood
- College of Pharmacy University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences University of Sargodha Sargodha Pakistan
| | - Zahed Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry Government College University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus) Lahore Pakistan
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Rasool G, Shafiq A, Hussain S, Zaydan M, Wakif A, Chamkha AJ, Bhutta MS. Significance of Rosseland’s Radiative Process on Reactive Maxwell Nanofluid Flows over an Isothermally Heated Stretching Sheet in the Presence of Darcy–Forchheimer and Lorentz Forces: Towards a New Perspective on Buongiorno’s Model. Micromachines 2022; 13:mi13030368. [PMID: 35334660 PMCID: PMC8948949 DOI: 10.3390/mi13030368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the consequences of the Darcy–Forchheimer medium and thermal radiation in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Maxwell nanofluid flow subject to a stretching surface. The involvement of the Maxwell model provided more relaxation time to the momentum boundary layer formulation. The thermal radiation appearing from the famous Rosseland approximation was involved in the energy equation. The significant features arising from Buongiorno’s model, i.e., thermophoresis and Brownian diffusion, were retained. Governing equations, the two-dimensional partial differential equations based on symmetric components of non-Newtonian fluids in the Navier–Stokes model, were converted into one-dimensional ordinary differential equations using transformations. For fixed values of physical parameters, the solutions of the governing ODEs were obtained using the homotopy analysis method. The appearance of non-dimensional coefficients in velocity, temperature, and concentration were physical parameters. The critical parameters included thermal radiation, chemical reaction, the porosity factor, the Forchheimer number, the Deborah number, the Prandtl number, thermophoresis, and Brownian diffusion. Results were plotted in graphical form. The variation in boundary layers and corresponding profiles was discussed, followed by the concluding remarks. A comparison of the Nusselt number (heat flux rate) was also framed in graphical form for convective and non-convective/simple boundary conditions at the surface. The outcomes indicated that the thermal radiation increased the temperature profile, whereas the chemical reaction showed a reduction in the concentration profile. The drag force (skin friction) showed sufficient enhancement for the augmented values of the porosity factor. The rates of heat and mass flux also fluctuated for various values of the physical parameters. The results can help model oil reservoirs, geothermal engineering, groundwater management systems, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- College of International Students, Wuxi University, Wuxi 214105, China;
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Anum Shafiq
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
- Correspondence: (G.R.); (A.S.)
| | - Sajjad Hussain
- Department of Mathematics, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan;
| | - Mostafa Zaydan
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (M.Z.); (A.W.)
| | - Abderrahim Wakif
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University of Casablanca, Casablanca 20000, Morocco; (M.Z.); (A.W.)
| | - Ali J. Chamkha
- Faculty of Engineering, Kuwait College of Science and Technology, Kuwait City 35004, Kuwait;
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Abbas M, Shaheen S, Idrees K, Jaffer M, Hussain RA, Tabassum MW, Rasool G. Light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy: A helping tool to identify the adultrant of dye from Curcuma longa L rhizome, and its ecofriendly applications on pharmaceutical products. Microsc Res Tech 2022; 85:2277-2281. [PMID: 35178821 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.24084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The current study was embraced to examine the morphoanatomical distinguishing proof utilizing light microscopy (LM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and antibacterial activities of turmeric extract utilizing amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin. Cross over part of the rhizome is roundabout in structure. The peripheral layer is the periderm which comprises of 6-7 layers of digressively lengthened cells. This is trailed by an expansive cortex made of flimsy walled parenchyma cells with intercellular spaces. The antibacterial activities of turmeric extract in blend with drug items like amoxicillin and ciprofloxacin was likewise examined at various fixations. Different turmeric samples and drug items were gathered from various shops of Lahore. The samples were analyzed for antibacterial activities by utilizing pour plate method. In general outcomes showed fundamentally higher zone of inhibition of turmeric extract in combination with ciprofloxacin and lower zone of inhibition of turmeric extract in combination with amoxicillin. It is inferred that turmeric extract have hostile impact in blend with amoxicillin. Thus, the combination of turmeric extract with antimicrobial (amoxicillin) diminished the intensity of antibiotic. The turmeric extract have more antibacterial activity in mix with ciprofloxacin. Thus, the blend of turmeric extract with antibiotic (ciprofloxacin) expanded the intensity of antibiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moneeza Abbas
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shabnum Shaheen
- Department of Botany, Lahore college for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Komal Idrees
- Environmental Science Department, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Mehwish Jaffer
- Department of Botany, Lahore college for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rana Abrar Hussain
- Department of Botany, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Ghulam Rasool
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Asif MJ, Javed MT, Rehman AU, Manzoor F, Riaz M, Javed MA, Zarnab S, Rasool G. Recovery of E. coli From Liver and Spleen of Broiler Birds and the Effects of Induced High Ammonia Level on Haematobiochemical Parameters and Its Amelioration by Different Modifiers. Dose Response 2022; 19:15593258211066693. [PMID: 34987342 PMCID: PMC8725013 DOI: 10.1177/15593258211066693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The poultry sector is one of the most vibrant segments of the agriculture industry of Pakistan. In addition to different infections, ammonia (NH3) production from litter material of broiler is the most harmful pollutant and causes serious threats for the environment. To overcome this problem, different methods are proposed assuring poultry bird’s health and production. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of toxic levels of NH3 on the haematology and serum proteins of broiler birds and its amelioration by using different modifiers. The recovery of Escherichia coli (E. coli) from liver and spleen of broiler birds was also carried out. A total of 100 birds were divided into 5 separate groups (groups A–D). The groups C, D and E were treated with potassium aluminium sulphate, aluminium silicate and Yucca schidigera plant extract, respectively. Blood and tissue samples were collected after slaughtering the birds at 42 days of age. This study revealed increased RBC, total leucocyte count, Hb and heterophils percentage. Serum proteins were decreased in Yucca-treated and potassium aluminium sulphate–treated groups. This study concluded that NH3 production was reduced by the application of different modifiers, and these modifiers also neutralized the changes in blood parameters induced by NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Junaid Asif
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Tariq Javed
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aziz Ur Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus)
| | - Farkhanda Manzoor
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif Javed
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shaza Zarnab
- Department of Pathology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Rasool G, Riaz M, Abbas M, Fatima H, Qamar MM, Zafar F, Mahmood Z. COVID-19: Clinical laboratory diagnosis and monitoring of novel coronavirus infected patients using molecular, serological and biochemical markers: A review. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221115316. [PMID: 35840546 PMCID: PMC9289644 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221115316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
COVID-19, a novel coronavirus disease, has provoked a variety of health and safety concerns, and socioeconomic challenges around the globe. The laboratory diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 was quickly established utilizing nucleic acid amplification techniques (NAAT) after the disease causing virus has been identified, and its genetic sequence has been determined. In addition to NAAT, serological tests based on antibodies testing against SARS-CoV-2 were introduced for diagnostic and epidemiologic studies. Other biochemical investigations include monitoring of peripheral blood cells count, platelets/lymphocyte ratio, coagulation profile, cardiac, and inflammatory markers such as cytokines storm are also crucial in combating COVID-19 pandemic. Further, accurate and reliable laboratory results for SARS-CoV-2 play very important role in the initiation of early treatment and timely management of COVID-19 patients, provide support in clinical decision-making process to control infection, and detection of asymptomatic cases. The Task Force on Coronavirus-19 constituted by International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (IFCC) has recognized informational framework for epidemiology, pathogenesis, and recommended the PCR-based analysis, serological and biochemical assays for analysis, monitoring, and management of disease. This literature review provides an overview of the currently used diagnostic techniques in clinical laboratories for the diagnosis, treatment monitoring, and management of COVID-19 patients. We concluded that each assays differ in their performance characteristics and the utilization of multiple techniques is necessary for the accurate diagnosis and management of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, 66971University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, 66971University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, 66920University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, (Jhang Campus) Pakistan
| | - Hina Fatima
- Department of Basic and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan.,Department of Biochemistry, 66724University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Farzana Zafar
- Department of Biochemistry, 66724University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Zahed Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, 72594Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Riaz M, Abbas M, Rasool G, Baig IS, Mahmood Z, Munir N, Mahmood Tahir I, Ali Shah SM, Akram M. Prevalence of transfusion-transmitted infections in multiple blood transfusion-dependent thalassemic patients in Asia: A systemic review. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2022; 36:3946320221096909. [PMID: 35452334 PMCID: PMC9036341 DOI: 10.1177/03946320221096909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thalassemia is a hereditary hemolytic anemia marked by a defect in synthesizing one or more globin chains in hemoglobin. In Pakistan, approximately 10,000 patients with thalassemia are primarily dependent on blood transfusions. The β-thalassemia patients require blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. Patients who need blood transfusions are at an increased risk of contracting transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) such as hepatitis B and C viruses (HBV and HCV, respectively), as well as the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). OBJECTIVE This systemic review aims to assess the prevalence of TTIs in transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia patients in Asia. METHODS The data for the systematic review were gathered from PubMed, Google Scholar, the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ), and ScienceDirect using the following keywords: "prevalence, HBV, HCV, HIV, thalassemia, and transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs)," and so on. This review includes the research articles that address the prevalence of viral infections in thalassemic patients following blood transfusion. RESULTS A preliminary search of various databases identified 231 potential studies. 157 duplicate studies were eliminated, and the eligibility of 59 full-length articles was determined. Only 43 studies met the inclusion criteria. Among the 43 studies analyzed, 11 reported a high prevalence of HCV alone in thalassemic patients, while 21 reported a high prevalence of HCV and HBV infection in thalassemic patients. Eight studies reported the prevalence of all three TTIs examined, namely, HCV, HBV, and HIV, in patients with transfusion-dependent thalassemia. CONCLUSION Preventable transfusion-transmitted infections occur frequently, and robust national policies and hemovigilance are required to detect and mitigate the infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mazhar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore (Jhang Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ibrahim Salam Baig
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore (Jhang Campus), Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Zahed Mahmood
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Rasool G. Morphological evaluation of wheat genotypes for grain yield under arid environment of Balochistan. PAB 2021. [DOI: 10.19045/bspab.2021-100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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Ullah MS, Sun J, Rutherford S, Ullah I, Javed Q, Rasool G, Ajmal M, Du D. Evaluation of the allelopathic effects of leachate from an invasive species (Wedelia triobata) on its own growth and performance and those of a native congener (W. chinensis). Biol Invasions 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-021-02569-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Imran N, Haider II, Mustafa AB, Aamer I, Kamal Z, Rasool G, Azeem MW, Javed A. The hidden crisis: COVID-19 and impact on mental health of medical students in Pakistan. Middle East Curr Psychiatry 2021. [PMCID: PMC8339385 DOI: 10.1186/s43045-021-00123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Medical students have faced an enormous disruption to their lives due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to assess the impact of COVID-19 on medical student’s psychological well-being in Pakistan. Following ethical approval, an online survey developed in collaboration with World Psychiatric Association (WPA) was distributed among medical students of 5 Medical colleges in the Punjab province of Pakistan between August and September 2020. Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), and Risk Assessment Suicidality Scale (RASS) were used to assess psychological well-being. Data was analyzed using SPSS 26.0. Results Eleven hundred medical students responded, 756 (69%) being females. More than 2/3rd admitted that their emotional state got worse in relation to appearance of anxiety, insecurity, and sadness, compared to before the outbreak of COVID-19. Prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms were 48.6% and 48.1%, respectively. Female medical students, pre-clinical students, and those with a previous psychiatric history reported experiencing more anxiety and depression symptoms (P value < 0.001). One in five medical students thought that it would be better if they were dead, and 8% admitted to often think of committing suicide during the past 2 weeks. RASS and subscales (intention, life, and history) scores were higher in females and students with previous psychiatric problems. Conclusion Our findings underscore that the impact of COVID-19 on medical students has been significant; hence, it is crucial for medical colleges to employ strategies to maintain the student’s well-being with safeguards like reassurance, support, and confidential student-centered psychiatric services. The use of virtual platforms (websites, email) to educate and screen students by staff members can create a positive impact. The limitations of this study include cross-sectional design, the possibility of selective participation being web-based survey, response bias, and the possibility of reluctance of students to report mental health problems due to stigma.
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Arabi YM, Al-Dorzi HM, Tamim H, Sadat M, Al-Hameed F, AlGhamdi A, Al Mekhlafi GA, Rasool G, Afesh L, Sakkijha MH, Alamrey NK, Malebari R, Alhutail RH, Al-Dawood A. Replacing protein via enteral nutrition in a stepwise approach in critically ill patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial (REPLENISH pilot trial). Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 44:166-172. [PMID: 34330462 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The optimal amount of protein intake in critically ill patients is unclear. The objective of this pilot trial is to assess the feasibility of a large randomized controlled trial testing higher versus lower protein intake in critically ill patients. METHODS In this pilot randomized controlled trial (REPLacing Protein via Enteral Nutrition in a Stepwise ApproacH in critically ill patients: A pilot randomized controlled trial (REPLENISH pilot trial), critically ill patients underwent 2-step screening for eligibility on ICU day 1 and 5. Patients with renal disease were excluded. Eligible patients were randomized into REPLENISH group (target protein 1.8-2.2 g kg/day) and Standard group (target protein 0.8-1.0 g/kg/day) from day 6-14 after ICU admission. Dietitians adjusted caloric and protein intake throughout the study period (Day 1-14) to maintain similar caloric targets of permissive underfeeding (40-60% of estimated energy expenditure) in both study groups. RESULTS Of 704 patients screened at 3 centers in Saudi Arabia from May 2018 to May 2019, only 63 (8.9%) were eligible and 40 (5.7% of screened) were randomized with an average of 2 patients enrolled in the trial per month. Among eligible patients, the consenting rate was high at 89%. During the intervention period, patients in the REPLENISH group (N = 21) had a modestly higher protein intake (median of 1.30 g/kg/day (Q1 Q3: 1.11, 1.57)) than those in the standard group (median of 0.77 g/kg/day (Q1 Q3: 0.57, 1.00); P = 0.0004). Only 31.4% of patients in the whole cohort had >80% of prescribed protein. The duration of daily interruption of feeding was almost 4 h in both groups. The 90-day mortality for the patient study cohort was 20.5%. Anthropometric and muscle strength measurements were performed in less than 50% of patients. CONCLUSIONS This pilot trial highlighted several areas for improvement in the study protocol before launching a large randomized controlled trial. The restrictive eligibility criteria, the complex adjustments of protein and energy and some of the outcome measurements were identified as targets for modifications, to improve enrollment and generalizability and to enhance adherence to study interventions and measurements. TRIAL REGISTRATION CLINICALTRIALS. GOV IDENTIFIER NCT03480555.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaseen M Arabi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hasan M Al-Dorzi
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hani Tamim
- College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Emergency Medicine, American University of Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Musharaf Sadat
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad Al-Hameed
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Adnan AlGhamdi
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghaleb A Al Mekhlafi
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Lara Afesh
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Maram Hasan Sakkijha
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Norah Khalid Alamrey
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Raghad Malebari
- Clinical Nutrition Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Rabeah Hamad Alhutail
- Department of Intensive Care Services, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Abdulaziz Al-Dawood
- Intensive Care Department, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, College of Medicine, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Rasool G, Buchholz G, Yasmin T, Shabbir G, Abbasi NA, Malik SI. Overexpression of SlGSNOR impairs in vitro shoot proliferation and developmental architecture in tomato but confers enhanced disease resistance. J Plant Physiol 2021; 261:153433. [PMID: 33990008 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The pervasive presence of nitric oxide (NO) in cells and its role in modifying cystein residues through protein S-nitrosylation is a remarkable redox based signalling mechanism regulating a variety of cellular processes. S-NITROSOGLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE (GSNOR) governs NO bioavailability by the breakdown of S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO), fine-tunes NO signalling and controls total cellular S-nitrosylated proteins. Most of the published data on GSNOR functional analysis is based on the model plant Arabidopsis with no previous report for its effect on in vitro regeneration of tissue cultured plants. Moreover, the effect of GSNOR overexpression (O.E) on tomato growth, development and disease resistance remains enigmatic. Here we show that SlGSNOR O.E in tomato alters multiple developmental programs from in vitro culture establishment to plant growth and fruit set. Moreover, constitutive SlGSNOR O.E in tomato showed enhanced resistance against early blight (EB) disease caused by Alternaria solani and reduction in hypersensitive response (HR)-mediated cell death after Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato DC3000 (Pst DC3000) infiltrations. High GSNOR transcript levels led to the inhibition of in vitro shoot proliferation in transformed explants as revealed by the fluorescence microscopy after YFP labelling. Transgenic tomato lines overexpressing SlGSNOR showed defective phenotypes exhibiting stunted plant growth and bushy-type plants due to loss of apical dominance, along with reduced seed germination and delayed flowering. Furthermore, SlGSNOR O.E plants exhibited altered leaf arrangement, fruit shape and modified locules number in tomato fruit. These findings give a novel insight into a multifaceted regulatory role of SlGSNOR in tomato plant development, reproduction and response to pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Guenther Buchholz
- RLP AgroScience GmbH, AlPlanta - Institute for Plant Research, Neustadt, Germany
| | - Tayyaba Yasmin
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Park Road, Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Shabbir
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Akthar Abbasi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan
| | - Saad Imran Malik
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Crop and Food Sciences, PMAS Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Rawalpindi, 46300, Pakistan.
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Shafiq A, Rasool G, Alotaibi H, Aljohani HM, Wakif A, Khan I, Akram S. Thermally Enhanced Darcy-Forchheimer Casson-Water/Glycerine Rotating Nanofluid Flow with Uniform Magnetic Field. Micromachines (Basel) 2021; 12:605. [PMID: 34071117 PMCID: PMC8224670 DOI: 10.3390/mi12060605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This numerical study aims to interpret the impact of non-linear thermal radiation on magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Darcy-Forchheimer Casson-Water/Glycerine nanofluid flow due to a rotating disk. Both the single walled, as well as multi walled, Carbon nanotubes (CNT) are invoked. The nanomaterial, thus formulated, is assumed to be more conductive as compared to the simple fluid. The properties of effective carbon nanotubes are specified to tackle the onward governing equations. The boundary layer formulations are considered. The base fluid is assumed to be non-Newtonian. The numerical analysis is carried out by invoking the numerical Runge Kutta 45 (RK45) method based on the shooting technique. The outcomes have been plotted graphically for the three major profiles, namely, the radial velocity profile, the tangential velocity profile, and temperature profile. For skin friction and Nusselt number, the numerical data are plotted graphically. Major outcomes indicate that the enhanced Forchheimer number results in a decline in radial velocity. Higher the porosity parameter, the stronger the resistance offered by the medium to the fluid flow and consequent result is seen as a decline in velocity. The Forchheimer number, permeability parameter, and porosity parameter decrease the tangential velocity field. The convective boundary results in enhancement of temperature facing the disk surface as compared to the ambient part. Skin-friction for larger values of Forchheimer number is found to be increasing. Sufficient literature is provided in the introduction part of the manuscript to justify the novelty of the present work. The research greatly impacts in industrial applications of the nanofluids, especially in geophysical and geothermal systems, storage devices, aerospace engineering, and many others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anum Shafiq
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, China;
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Binjiang College, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Wuxi 214105, China
| | - Hammad Alotaibi
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Hassan M. Aljohani
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Abderrahim Wakif
- Laboratory of Mechanics, Faculty of Sciences Aïn Chock, Hassan II University, Mâarif, B.P. 5366 Casablanca, Morocco;
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah 11952, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shakeel Akram
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
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Ahmad S, Akram M, Riaz M, Munir N, Mahmood Tahir I, Anwar H, Zahid R, Daniyal M, Jabeen F, Ashraf E, Sarwar G, Rasool G, Ali Shah SM. Zootherapy as traditional therapeutic strategy in the Cholistan desert of Bahawalpur-Pakistan. Vet Med Sci 2021. [PMID: 33939314 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of traditional medicines has tremendously increased over the past few decades. Approximately 80% of the world's population relies on traditional medicines for their primary healthcare needs because of their cost effectiveness and efficiency with no or minimal side effects. Zootherapy refers to the use of medicines that are prepared or derived from animals or from their products. The current study documented the folk knowledge related to the practice of various animal-derived products and ethnozoological based drugs used as medicines by the residents of the Cholistan desert of Bahawalpur (Pakistan). In this regard 46 knowledgeable and reliable elderly people, hakims and spiritual healers ranging from 35-60 years of age having knowledge related to zootherapy were included in the current study. A field survey from February 2006 to November 2007 was conducted by interviewing the selected respondents through a structured questionnaire. They provided knowledge regarding the use of animals and their derived products in traditional medicine. The zootherapeutic knowledge was based on both domestic animals as well as wild animals. A total of 20 animal species were included in the study, among which nine animals were domestic while 11 were wild animals. Among selected animals, nine were mammals, four birds, four reptiles and three insects. It was reported that camel was the most commonly used (n = 32 respondents) among mammals while Pigeon (n = 39 respondents), Spiny-tailed lizard (n = 41 respondents) and Indian honey bee (n = 27 respondents) among birds, reptiles and insects, respectively, have significant use for the treatment of different diseases. Based on this communication we could recommend that this type of abandoned knowledge should be considered for the management and conservation of faunistic resources. However, the advantageous role of animals and their products was reported but more extensive research is required to explore the bioactive constituents in the raw material of these animals responsible for their beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ahmad
- College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir
- College of Allied Health Professional, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Anwar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Zahid
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Daniyal
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation & Development International Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Faiza Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Ashraf
- College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Sarwar
- College of Agriculture, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Syed Muhammad Ali Shah
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Kausar S, Said Khan F, Ishaq Mujeeb Ur Rehman M, Akram M, Riaz M, Rasool G, Hamid Khan A, Saleem I, Shamim S, Malik A. A review: Mechanism of action of antiviral drugs. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol 2021; 35:20587384211002621. [PMID: 33726557 PMCID: PMC7975490 DOI: 10.1177/20587384211002621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Antiviral drugs are a class of medicines particularly used for the treatment of
viral infections. Drugs that combat viral infections are called antiviral drugs.
Viruses are among the major pathogenic agents that cause number of serious
diseases in humans, animals and plants. Viruses cause many diseases in humans,
from self resolving diseases to acute fatal diseases. Developing strategies for
the antiviral drugs are focused on two different approaches: Targeting the
viruses themselves or the host cell factors. Antiviral drugs that directly
target the viruses include the inhibitors of virus attachment, inhibitors of
virus entry, uncoating inhibitors, polymerase inhibitors, protease inhibitors,
inhibitors of nucleoside and nucleotide reverse transcriptase and the inhibitors
of integrase. The inhibitors of protease (ritonavir, atazanavir and darunavir),
viral DNA polymerase (acyclovir, tenofovir, valganciclovir and valacyclovir) and
of integrase (raltegravir) are listed among the Top 200 Drugs by sales during
2010s. Still no effective antiviral drugs are available for many viral
infections. Though, there are a couple of drugs for herpesviruses, many for
influenza and some new antiviral drugs for treating hepatitis C infection and
HIV. Action mechanism of antiviral drugs consists of its transformation to
triphosphate following the viral DNA synthesis inhibition. An analysis of the
action mechanism of known antiviral drugs concluded that they can increase the
cell’s resistance to a virus (interferons), suppress the virus adsorption in the
cell or its diffusion into the cell and its deproteinisation process in the cell
(amantadine) along with antimetabolites that causes the inhibition of nucleic
acids synthesis. This review will address currently used antiviral drugs,
mechanism of action and antiviral agents reported against COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamaila Kausar
- Institute of Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fahad Said Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine,
Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Fahad Said khan, Department of Eastern
Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | | | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine,
Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences,
Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences,
Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Hamid Khan
- Department of Eastern Medicine,
University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Saleem
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of
Medical and Health Sciences, University of Poonch, Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and
Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Saba Shamim
- Institute of Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arif Malik
- Institute of Molecular Biology and
Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Akhtar MS, Rehman AU, Arshad H, Malik A, Fatima M, Tabassum T, Raza AR, Bukhsh M, Murtaza MA, Mehmood MH, Sultan A, Rasool G, Riaz M. In Vitro Antioxidant Activities and the Therapeutic Potential of Some Newly Synthesized Chalcones Against 4-Acetaminophenol Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats. Dose Response 2021; 19:1559325821996955. [PMID: 33795997 PMCID: PMC7968038 DOI: 10.1177/1559325821996955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The lack of safety and efficacy of existing hepatoprotective agents urge the need to explore novel hepatoprotective agents. The research work was planned to study the therapeutic potential of some newly synthesized chalcones against 4-acetaminophenol induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Male albino rats (N = 30) were divided into 6 groups of 5 animals each i.e. group I; Toxic control (4-acetaminophenol), group II; normal control (Normal saline), group III; Positive control (silymarin; 50 mg/kg bw) and groups IV-VI (test groups) treated with 3 chalcone analogues i-e 3a, 3f & 3 g (100, 150, 150 mg/kg bw, respectively). All the study group animals were administered with 4-acetaminophenol to induce hepatotoxicity except normal control. Following hepatotoxicity induction, test group animals were administered with selected doses of test compounds and toxic group animals left untreated. Liver enzymes including ALT, AST, ALP and serum bilirubin were determined photometrically. Antioxidant activities of test compounds were also determined. Histopathological examination of liver biopsies was also carried out through H & E staining. The test chalcones (3a, 3f & 3 g) significantly decreased the levels of liver enzymes and serum bilirubin toward normal and the pattern of results in the test group animals were comparable to silymarin administered animals indicating the hepatoprotective potential of test compounds. Moreover, the test chalcones (3a, 3f & 3 g) antagonized the effect of 4-acetaminophenol and thus, raised the catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) while decreased the malondialdehyde (MDA) in experimental animals. The test chalcones (3a, 3f & 3 g) on histological examination of liver showed improvement of tissue morphology. The study concluded that the tested compounds have antioxidant potential and may act as hepatoprotective agent. However, in-depth studies are required to validate their safety and to elucidate the exact mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ur- Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences (Jhang Campus), University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Arshad
- Health Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muheer Fatima
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Tabassum
- Department of Pathology, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Raza
- Ibn-e-Sina Block, Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Munnaza Bukhsh
- Foundation University Medical College, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Malik Hassan Mehmood
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ayesha Sultan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education, Faisalabad Campus, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Rasool G, Shah AN, Gardezi SAR. Experimental Investigation of the Effect of Fuel Injection Timing and Injector Opening Pressure on Performance and Emissions Characteristics of a Turbo-Charged Diesel Engine Under 8-mode Testing Cycle. Arab J Sci Eng 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s13369-020-05037-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bhutta MS, Akram S, Meng P, Castellon J, Agnel S, Li H, Guo Y, Rasool G, Hussain S, Nazir MT. Steady-State Conduction Current Performance for Multilayer Polyimide/SiO 2 Films. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:polym13040640. [PMID: 33669983 PMCID: PMC7924843 DOI: 10.3390/polym13040640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The steady-state electrical conduction current for single and multilayer polyimide (PI) nanocomposite films was observed at the low and high electric field for different temperatures. Experimental data were fitted to conduction models to investigate the dominant conduction mechanism in these films. In most films, space charge limited current (SCLC) and Poole–Frenkel current displayed dominant conduction. At a high electric field, the ohmic conduction was replaced by current–voltage dependency. Higher conduction current was observed for nanocomposite films at a lower temperature, but it declined at a higher temperature. PI nanocomposite multilayer films showed a huge reduction in the conduction current at higher electric fields and temperatures. The conclusions derived in this study would provide the empirical basis and early breakdown phenomenon explanation when performing dielectric strength and partial discharge measurements of PI-based nanocomposite insulation systems of electric motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Bhutta
- Binjiang College, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Wuxi 214105, China; (M.S.B.); (H.L.); (Y.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Shakeel Akram
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
- Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Pengfei Meng
- College of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jerome Castellon
- Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Serge Agnel
- Institut d’Electronique et des Systèmes, University of Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France; (J.C.); (S.A.)
| | - Hui Li
- Binjiang College, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Wuxi 214105, China; (M.S.B.); (H.L.); (Y.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Yecai Guo
- Binjiang College, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Wuxi 214105, China; (M.S.B.); (H.L.); (Y.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Binjiang College, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Wuxi 214105, China; (M.S.B.); (H.L.); (Y.G.); (G.R.)
| | - Shahid Hussain
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Muhammad Tariq Nazir
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia;
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Koehler J, Rasool G, Ibrahimkhel A. Dynamic borderlands-The challenge of adapting to hardening borders in Nangarhar and Nimroz. Int J Drug Policy 2021; 89:103117. [PMID: 33468443 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we look at local effects of recent changes in how the international borders of two Afghan provinces, Nangarhar and Nimroz, are governed. Over the past decade Pakistan and Iran introduced changes to border infrastructure and regulation in an attempt to increase state control over both official and informal flows of goods and people. We consider the political rationale behind these decisions, then look at the consequences these changes have had on licit as well as illicit economic activities in the border region. The paper builds on field research conducted in Nangarhar and Nimroz from 2018 to 2020. We find that reducing the permeability of the border has affected life in the neighbouring Afghan borderlands in different ways. In Nimroz, an informal local economy existing between historically interwoven Baluch communities on all sides of the border is being crowded out by boom-town dynamics, external land acquisition and selective control of the border by foreign states. The impact of border enforcement is direct and drastic, damaging the survival economy of border communities and accelerating demographic change. In Nangarhar, we find a more diverse and adaptive local cross-border economy, with a history of utilising both official and informal border crossings for trade in licit and illicit commodities. However, measures taken on the Pakistani side have led to shifts in informal trade, and changes to patterns of competition and control over the most lucrative routes and hubs. In both cases, illicit cross-border flows did not cease, but they changed in character from more broadly accessible horizontal activities to professional and hierarchical activities using fewer trading hubs and corridors. The drug trade is not exceptionally violent or disruptive, but is part of a commodity market embedded in a wider, often violent, political economy dominated by local political entrepreneurs and their networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Koehler
- Department of Development Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) University of London, Thornhaugh Street, Russell Square, London WC1H 0XG, United Kingdom.
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Organization for Sustainable Development & Research (OSDR), House #1676, Opposite Street to Muhibzadah Center, Pul-e- Surkh Square, Kabul, Afghanistan
| | - Azizullah Ibrahimkhel
- Organization for Sustainable Development & Research (OSDR), House #1676, Opposite Street to Muhibzadah Center, Pul-e- Surkh Square, Kabul, Afghanistan
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Ali A, Muhammad N, Hussain S, Jamil MI, Uddin A, Aziz T, Tufail MK, Guo Y, Wei T, Rasool G, Fan Z, Guo L. Kinetic and Thermal Study of Ethylene and Propylene Homo Polymerization Catalyzed by ansa-Zirconocene Activated with Alkylaluminum/Borate: Effects of Alkylaluminum on Polymerization Kinetics and Polymer Structure. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:268. [PMID: 33467427 PMCID: PMC7830494 DOI: 10.3390/polym13020268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics of ethylene and propylene polymerization catalyzed by homogeneous metallocene were investigated using 2-thiophenecarbonyl chloride followed by quenched-flow methods. The studied metallocene catalysts are: rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)2ZrCl2 (Mt-I), rac-Et(Ind)2ZrCl2 (Mt-II) activated with ([Me2NPh][B(C6F5)4] (Borate-I), [Ph3C][B(C6F5)4] (Borate-II), and were co-catalyzed with different molar ratios of alkylaluminum such as triethylaluminium (TEA) and triisobutylaluminium (TIBA). The change in molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, microstructure and thermal properties of the synthesized polymer are discussed in detail. Interestingly, both Mt-I and Mt-II showed high activity in polyethylene with productivities between 3.17 × 106 g/molMt·h to 5.06 × 106 g/molMt·h, activities were very close to each other with 100% TIBA, but Mt-II/borate-II became more active when TEA was more than 50% in cocatalyst. Similarly, Polypropylene showed the highest activity of 11.07 106 g /molMt·h with Mt-I/Borate-I/TIBA. The effects of alkylaluminum on PE molecular weight were much more complicated; MWD curve changed from mono-modal in Mt-I/borate-I/TIBA to bimodal type when TIBA was replaced by different amounts of TEA. In PE, the active center fractions [C*]/[Zr] of Mt-I/borate were higher than that of Mt-II/borate and average chain propagation rate constant (k p) value slightly decreased with the increase of TEA/TIBA ratio, but the Mt-II/borate systems showed higher k p 1007 k p (L/mol·s). In PP, the Mt-I/borate presented much higher [C*]/[Zr] and k p value than the Mt-II. This work also extend to investigate the mechanistic features of zirconocenes catalyzed olefin polymerizations that addressed the largely unknown issues in zirconocenes in the distribution of the catalyst, between species involved in polymer chain growth and dormant state. In both metallocene systems, chain transfer with alkylaluminum is the dominant way of chain termination. To understand the mechanism of cocatalyst effects on PE Mw and (MWD), the unsaturated chain ends formed via β-H transfer have been investigated by 1H NMR analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Material Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 202113, China; (A.A.); (S.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Nadeem Muhammad
- Department of Enviromental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China; (N.M.); (M.K.T.); (G.R.)
| | - Shahid Hussain
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Material Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 202113, China; (A.A.); (S.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Muhammad Imran Jamil
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (M.I.J.); (A.U.); (T.A.); (Y.G.)
| | - Azim Uddin
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (M.I.J.); (A.U.); (T.A.); (Y.G.)
| | - Tariq Aziz
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (M.I.J.); (A.U.); (T.A.); (Y.G.)
| | - Muhammad Khurram Tufail
- Department of Enviromental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China; (N.M.); (M.K.T.); (G.R.)
| | - Yintian Guo
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (M.I.J.); (A.U.); (T.A.); (Y.G.)
| | - Tiantian Wei
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Material Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 202113, China; (A.A.); (S.H.); (T.W.)
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Enviromental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430223, China; (N.M.); (M.K.T.); (G.R.)
| | - Zhiqiang Fan
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; (M.I.J.); (A.U.); (T.A.); (Y.G.)
| | - Li Guo
- Research School of Polymeric Materials, School of Material Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 202113, China; (A.A.); (S.H.); (T.W.)
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Akhtar MS, Malik A, Arshad H, Batool S, Raza AR, Tabassum T, Murtaza MA, Riaz M, Noreen M, Rasool G. Protective effect of newly synthesized indole imines against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in rats. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2020.1868330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Akhtar
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Haroon Arshad
- Health Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sara Batool
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rauf Raza
- Ibn-e-Sina Block, Department of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Tahira Tabassum
- Department of Pathology, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Mian Anjum Murtaza
- Food Microbiology and Biotechnology Lab, Institute of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Misbah Noreen
- Health Department, Government of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Ahmad S, Mohiuddin E, Shah SMA, Akram M, Amjad M, Nisar J, Riaz M, Munir N, Rasool G. Therapeutic Efficacy of Urinile Against Gouty Arthritis. Dose Response 2020; 18:1559325820946934. [PMID: 33088246 PMCID: PMC7543115 DOI: 10.1177/1559325820946934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gout is arthritis caused due to Monosodium urate (MSU) crystals deposition occurring particularly in patients with associated comorbidities limiting the use of conventional therapies. This study was planned to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of urinile (a herbal drug) for the treatment of gouty arthritis. Allopurinol was used as standard drug (positive control). The study population of 250 volunteers (gouty arthritis patients) were divided into 2 groups as test and control group (n = 125 each). Gouty arthritis patients in test and control group were treated with 300 mg each of urinile and allopurinol, respectively. Clinical symptoms of all the study volunteers were recorded and serum uric acid was determined. Significant (p < 0.05) reduction in serum uric acid level toward normal was found in test group individuals. Clinical symptoms of gouty arthritis patients were also improved in test group compared to control group. Results showed that urinile has the potential to decrease serum uric acid level in gouty arthritis patients probably because of its antioxidant potential and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. It can be concluded that the tested herbal drug urinile is more potent in treating gouty arthritis patients and can be used as an effective alternative to the most commonly used allopathic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ahmad
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Ejaz Mohiuddin
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jaweria Nisar
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Naveed Munir
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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Riaz M, Aslam N, Zainab R, Aziz-Ur-Rehman, Rasool G, Ullah MI, Daniyal M, Akram M. Prevalence, risk factors, challenges, and the currently available diagnostic tools for the determination of helminths infections in human. EUR J INFLAMM 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/2058739220959915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil transmitted helminthes (STH) are among the major public health issues in tropical and sub-tropical countries infecting more than 2 billion humans worldwide. STH causes considerable morbidity in children, affecting their cognitive development and physical growth. Endemic areas with poor sanitation and limited access to good quality water supply have the highest burden of STH infection. Various approaches to reduce and control the worm infections include the intermittent deworming of children with anti-helminthic drugs. Individual patient management and population based studies can only be successful upon using the diagnostic techniques with high accuracy. The lack of reliable tools for the provision of correct diagnostic results about the status and intensity of infection is a major challenge, as these factors varies considerably in areas of low infection intensities. The techniques currently available for the diagnosis of parasitic infections show limited specificity and sensitivity and as such several techniques in combination are normally used in diagnosing the variety of parasite species infection. This review article was planned to study the prevalence, risk factors, and the available diagnostic techniques for soil and water transmitted helminthes infections in humans. This article also discussed the challenges in diagnosis, treatment, and management of worm infections particularly helminthes. The articles available online on important portals like google scholar, PubMed, Digital Libraries, PakMediNet, Science direct, and the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) were searched for inclusion of the data in this review study. Duplicate studies and irrelevant reports describing the general aspects of parasite infections were excluded. This review study provides a comprehensive report on the prevalence, accurate diagnostic, and chemotherapeutic protocols to reduce the burden of worms infections. WHO suggests the chemotherapy for worm infections as feasible and cost effective strategy in schools due to the lack of proper policy for the prevention of intestinal worms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Nosheen Aslam
- Department of Biochemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rida Zainab
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Aziz-Ur-Rehman
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore (Jhang Campus), Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Rasool
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sargodha Medical College, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Daniyal
- Faculty of Eastern Medicine, Hamdard University Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram
- Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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