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Schulze MSED, Scholz D, Jnoff E, Hall A, Melin J, Sands ZA, Rodriguez E, Andre VM. Identification of ß-Glucocerebrosidase Activators for Glucosylceramide hydrolysis. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300548. [PMID: 38381042 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Several novel chemical series were identified that modulate glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Compounds from these series are active on glucosylceramide, unlike other known GCase modulators. We obtained GCase crystal structures with two compounds that have distinct chemotypes. Positive allosteric modulators bind to a site on GCase and induce conformational changes, but also induce an equilibrium state between monomer and dimer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Diana Scholz
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine l'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Eric Jnoff
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine l'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Adrian Hall
- UCB, Avenue de l'Industrie, Braine l'Alleud, 1420, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Melin
- Present address: Grünenthal GmbH, 52099, Aachen, Germany
| | - Zara A Sands
- Present address: Eli Lilly, San Diego, CA92121, USA
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2
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Song Q, Tong X, Dai P, Xie X, Xie R, Fan P, Ma Y, Chen H. Activation Mechanism of Fe 2+ in Pyrrhotite Flotation: Microflotation and DFT Calculations. Molecules 2024; 29:1490. [PMID: 38611768 PMCID: PMC11013166 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
In industrial manufacturing, pyrrhotite(Fe1-xS), once depressed, is commonly activated for flotation. However, the replacement of CuSO4 is necessary due to the need for exact control over the dosage during the activation of pyrrhotite, which can pose challenges in industrial settings. This research introduces the use of FeSO4 for the first time to efficiently activate pyrrhotite. The impact of two different activators on pyrrhotite was examined through microflotation experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Microflotation experiments confirmed that as the CuSO4 dosage increased from 0 to 8 × 10-4 mol/L, the recovery of pyrrhotite initially increased slightly from 71.27% to 87.65% but then sharply decreased to 16.47%. Conversely, when the FeSO4 dosage was increased from 0 to 8 × 10-4 mol/L, pyrrhotite's recovery rose from 71.27% to 82.37%. These results indicate a higher sensitivity of CuSO4 to dosage variations, suggesting that minor alterations in dosage can significantly impact its efficacy under certain experimental conditions. In contrast, FeSO4 might demonstrate reduced sensitivity to changes in dosage, leading to more consistent performance. Fe ions can chemically adsorb onto the surface of pyrrhotite (001), creating a stable chemical bond, thereby markedly activating pyrrhotite. The addition of butyl xanthate (BX), coupled with the action of Fe2+ on activated pyrrhotite, results in the formation of four Fe-S bonds on Fe2+. The proximity of their atomic distances contributes to the development of a stable double-chelate structure. The S 3p orbital on BX hybridizes with the Fe 3d orbital on pyrrhotite, but the hybrid effect of Fe2+ activation is stronger than that of nonactivation. In addition, the Fe-S bond formed by the addition of activated Fe2+ has a higher Mulliken population, more charge overlap, and stronger covalent bonds. Therefore, Fe2+ is an excellent, efficient, and stable pyrrhotite activator.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hang Chen
- Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China; (Q.S.); (X.T.); (P.D.); (X.X.); (R.X.); (P.F.); (Y.M.)
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3
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Cheng J, Zhang J, He S, Li M, Dong G, Sheng C. Photoswitchable PROTACs for Reversible and Spatiotemporal Regulation of NAMPT and NAD . Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202315997. [PMID: 38282119 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202315997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024]
Abstract
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+ ) is an essential coenzyme with diverse biological functions in DNA synthesis. Nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) is a key rate-limiting enzyme involved in NAD+ biosynthesis in mammals. We developed the first chemical tool for optical control of NAMPT and NAD+ in biological systems using photoswitchable proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PS-PROTACs). An NAMPT activator and dimethylpyrazolazobenzene photoswitch were used to design highly efficient PS-PROTACs, enabling up- and down-reversible regulation of NAMPT and NAD+ in a light-dependent manner and reducing the toxicity associated with inhibitor-based PS-PROTACs. PS-PROTAC was activated under 620 nm irradiation, realizing in vivo optical manipulation of antitumor activity, NAMPT, and NAD+ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfei Cheng
- Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
- Nautical Medicine Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center of Educational Institutions, Faculty of Naval Medicine, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Shipeng He
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Minyong Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (MOE), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250012, China
| | - Guoqiang Dong
- Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Chunquan Sheng
- Center for Basic Research and Innovation of Medicine and Pharmacy (MOE), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University (Naval Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
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Supuran CT. Drug interactions of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors and activators. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2024; 20:143-155. [PMID: 38450431 DOI: 10.1080/17425255.2024.2328152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) have been established drug targets for decades, with their inhibitors and activators possessing relevant pharmacological activity and applications in various fields. At least 11 sulfonamides/sulfamates are clinically used as diuretics, antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, or antiobesity agents and one derivative, SLC-0111, is in clinical trials as antitumor/antimetastatic agent. The activators were less investigated with no clinically used agent. AREAS COVERED Drug interactions between CA inhibitors/activators and various other agents are reviewed in publications from the period March 2020 - January 2024. EXPERT OPINION Drug interactions involving these agents revealed several interesting findings. Acetazolamide plus loop diuretics is highy effective in acute decompensated heart failure, whereas ocular diseases such as X-linked retinoschisis and macular edema were treated by acetazolamide plus bevacizumab or topical NSAIDs. Potent anti-infective effects of acetazolamide and other CAIs, alone or in combination with other agents were demonstrated for the management of Neisseria gonorrhoea, vancomycin resistant enterococci, Acanthamoeba castellanii, Trichinella spiralis, and Cryptococcus neoformans infections. Topiramate, in combination with phentermine is incresingly used for the management of obesity, whereas zonisamide plus levodopa is highly effective for Parkinson's disease. Acetazolamide, methazolamide, ethoxzolamide, and SLC-0111 showed synergistic antitumor/antimetastatic action in combination with many other antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, FI, Italy
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Shimoyama M, Kanzaki H, Tohyama S, Ida T, Ishikawa M, Katsumata Y, Arai C, Wada S, Manase S, Tomonari H. Mandibular Endochondral Growth Is Specifically Augmented by Nutritional Supplementation with Myo-Inositol Even in Rabbits. Dent J (Basel) 2024; 12:49. [PMID: 38534273 DOI: 10.3390/dj12030049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Mandibular retrognathism occurs by insufficient mandibular growth and causes several issues, such as respiratory difficulty and diminished masticatory function. At present, functional orthodontic appliances are used for stimulating mandibular growth in pediatric cases. However, the effectiveness of functional appliances is not always stable in daily practices. A more effective, reliable, and safer therapeutic method for mandibular growth promotion would be helpful for growing mandibular retrognathism patients. As we previously discovered that nutritional supplementation of myo-inositol in growing mice specifically increases mandibular endochondral growth, we performed preclinical animal experiments in rabbits in this study. Briefly, six-week-old male Japanese white rabbits were fed with or without myo-inositol supplementation in laboratory chow until 25 weeks old, and 3D image analysis using micro CT data and histological examinations was done. Myo-inositol had no systemic effect, such as femur length, though myo-inositol specifically augmented the mandibular growth. Myo-inositol increased the thickness of mandibular condylar cartilage. We discovered that the nutritional supplementation of myo-inositol during the growth period specifically augmented mandibular growth without any systemic influence, even in rabbits. Our results suggest the possibility of clinical use of myo-inositol for augmentation of the mandibular growth in growing mandibular retrognathism patients in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miho Shimoyama
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kanzaki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Syunnosuke Tohyama
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Tomomi Ida
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Misao Ishikawa
- Department of Anatomy, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Katsumata
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Chihiro Arai
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Wada
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0293, Japan
| | - Shugo Manase
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tomonari
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan
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Meyer ST, Fernandes S, Anderson RE, Pacherille A, Toms B, Kerr WG, Chisholm JD. Structure-Activity Studies on Bis-Sulfonamide SHIP1 Activators. Molecules 2023; 28:8048. [PMID: 38138538 PMCID: PMC10745928 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28248048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The SH2-containing inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase 1 (SHIP1) enzyme opposes the activity of PI3K and therefore is of interest in the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Recent results also indicate that SHIP1 promotes phagolysosomal degradation of lipids by microglia, suggesting that the enzyme may be a target for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, small molecules that increase SHIP1 activity may have benefits in these areas. Recently we discovered a bis-sulfonamide that increases the enzymatic activity of SHIP1. A series of similar SHIP1 activators have been synthesized and evaluated to determine structure-activity relationships and improve in vivo stability. Some new analogs have now been found with improved potency. In addition, both the thiophene and the thiomorpholine in the parent structure can be replaced by groups without a low valent sulfur atom, which provides a way to access activators that are less prone to oxidative degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shea T. Meyer
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Sandra Fernandes
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | | | - Angela Pacherille
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Bonnie Toms
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - William G. Kerr
- Department of Microbiology & Immunology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
| | - John D. Chisholm
- Department of Chemistry, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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Perera CD, Idrees M, Khan AM, Haider Z, Ullah S, Kang JS, Lee SH, Kang SM, Kong IK. PDGFRβ Activation Induced the Bovine Embryonic Genome Activation via Enhanced NFYA Nuclear Localization. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17047. [PMID: 38069370 PMCID: PMC10707662 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242317047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonic genome activation (EGA) is a critical step during embryonic development. Several transcription factors have been identified that play major roles in initiating EGA; however, this gradual and complex mechanism still needs to be explored. In this study, we investigated the role of nuclear transcription factor Y subunit A (NFYA) in bovine EGA and bovine embryonic development and its relationship with the platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFRβ) by using a potent selective activator (PDGF-BB) and inhibitor (CP-673451) of PDGF receptors. Activation and inhibition of PDGFRβ using PDGF-BB and CP-673451 revealed that NFYA expression is significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the PDGFRβ. In addition, PDGFRβ mRNA expression was significantly increased (p < 0.05) in the activator group and significantly decreased (p < 0.05) in the inhibitor group when compared with PDGFRα. Downregulation of NFYA following PDGFRβ inhibition was associated with the expression of critical EGA-related genes, bovine embryo development rate, and implantation potential. Moreover, ROS and mitochondrial apoptosis levels and expression of pluripotency-related markers necessary for inner cell mass development were also significantly (p < 0.05) affected by the downregulation of NFYA while interrupting trophoblast cell (CDX2) differentiation. In conclusion, the PDGFRβ-NFYA axis is critical for bovine embryonic genome activation and embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chalani Dilshani Perera
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (C.D.P.); (M.I.); (A.M.K.); (Z.H.); (S.U.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Muhammad Idrees
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (C.D.P.); (M.I.); (A.M.K.); (Z.H.); (S.U.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.-M.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
| | - Abdul Majid Khan
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (C.D.P.); (M.I.); (A.M.K.); (Z.H.); (S.U.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Zaheer Haider
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (C.D.P.); (M.I.); (A.M.K.); (Z.H.); (S.U.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Safeer Ullah
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (C.D.P.); (M.I.); (A.M.K.); (Z.H.); (S.U.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Ji-Su Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (C.D.P.); (M.I.); (A.M.K.); (Z.H.); (S.U.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Seo-Hyun Lee
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (C.D.P.); (M.I.); (A.M.K.); (Z.H.); (S.U.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Seon-Min Kang
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (C.D.P.); (M.I.); (A.M.K.); (Z.H.); (S.U.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.-M.K.)
| | - Il-Keun Kong
- Division of Applied Life Science (BK21 Four), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea; (C.D.P.); (M.I.); (A.M.K.); (Z.H.); (S.U.); (J.-S.K.); (S.-H.L.); (S.-M.K.)
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science (IALS), Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
- The King Kong Corp. Ltd., Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Republic of Korea
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Zhang X, Shen M, Zhu H, Zhang J, Yang M, Su K, Zhang Y, Fu W, Ke X, Qu Y. Small molecule activates citrullination through targeting PAD2. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220248. [PMID: 37778388 PMCID: PMC10542452 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Citrullination is a post-translational modification catalysed by peptidyl arginine deiminase (PAD) enzymes, and dysregulation of protein citrullination is involved in various pathological disorders. During the past decade, a panel of citrullination inhibitors has been developed, while small molecules activating citrullination have rarely been reported so far. In this study, we screened citrullination activator using an antibody against citrullinated histone H3 (cit-H3), and a natural compound demethoxycurcumin (DMC) significantly activated citrullination. The requirement of PAD2 for DMC-activated citrullination was confirmed by a loss of function assay. Notably, DMC directly engaged with PAD2, and showed binding selectivity among PAD family enzymes. Point mutation assay indicated that residue E352 is essential for DMC targeting PAD2. Consistently, DMC induced typical phenotypes of cells with dysregulation of PAD2 activity, including citrullination-associated cell apoptosis and DNA damage. Overall, our study not only presents a strategy for rationally screening citrullination activators, but also provides a chemical approach for activating protein citrullination. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'The virtues and vices of protein citrullination'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengzhen Shen
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Huimin Zhu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Zhang
- School of pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Yang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaiyan Su
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, People's Republic of China
| | - Yirong Zhang
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fu
- School of pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Xisong Ke
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qu
- Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of TCM Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
- Center for Chemical Biology, Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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Lu Z, Wang H, Ishfaq M, Han Y, Zhang X, Li X, Wang B, Lu X, Gao B. Quercetin and AMPK: A Dynamic Duo in Alleviating MG-Induced Inflammation via the AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB Pathway. Molecules 2023; 28:7388. [PMID: 37959807 PMCID: PMC10650132 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28217388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) is recognized as a principal causative agent of avian chronic respiratory disease, inflicting substantial economic losses upon the poultry industry. However, the extensive use of conventional antibiotics has resulted in the emergence of drug resistance and various challenges in their clinical application. Consequently, there is an urgent need to identify effective therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of mycoplasma-induced respiratory disease in avian species. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) holds significant importance as a regulator of cellular energy metabolism and possesses the capacity to exert an anti-inflammatory effect by virtue of its downstream protein, SIRT1. This pathway has shown promise in counteracting the inflammatory responses triggered by pathogenic infections, thus providing a novel target for studying infectious inflammation. Quercetin possesses anti-inflammatory activity and has garnered attention as a potential alternative to antibiotics. However, there exists a gap in knowledge concerning the impact of this activation on MG-induced inflammatory damage. To address this knowledge gap, we employed AlphaFold2 prediction, molecular docking, and kinetic simulation methods to perform a systematic analysis. As expected, we found that both quercetin and the AMPK activator AICAR activate the chicken AMPKγ1 subunit in a similar manner, which was further validated at the cellular level. Our project aims to unravel the underlying mechanisms of quercetin's action as an agonist of AMPK against the inflammatory damage induced by MG infection. Accordingly, we evaluated the effects of quercetin on the prevention and treatment of air sac injury, lung morphology, immunohistochemistry, AMPK/SIRT1/NF-κB pathway activity, and inflammatory factors in MG-infected chickens. The results confirmed that quercetin effectively inhibits the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6, leading to improved respiratory inflammation injury. Furthermore, quercetin was shown to enhance the levels of phosphorylated AMPK and SIRT1 while reducing the levels of phosphorylated P65 and pro-inflammatory factors. In conclusion, our study identifies the AMPK cascade signaling pathway as a novel cellular mediator responsible for quercetin's ability to counter MG-induced inflammatory damage. This finding highlights the potential significance of this pathway as an important target for anti-inflammatory drug research in the context of avian respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyin Lu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Haozhen Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Muhammad Ishfaq
- College of Computer Science, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang 438000, China;
| | - Yufang Han
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Xiujin Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Baoqi Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Xiuli Lu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning University, Chongshanzhong-Lu No. 66, Shenyang 110036, China; (Z.L.); (H.W.); (Y.H.); (X.Z.); (X.L.); (B.W.)
| | - Bing Gao
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Shenyang Medical College, Shenyang 110034, China
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Abstract
LysR-type transcriptional regulators (LTTRs) form one of the largest families of bacterial regulators. They are widely distributed and contribute to all aspects of metabolism and physiology. Most are homotetramers, with each subunit composed of an N-terminal DNA-binding domain followed by a long helix connecting to an effector-binding domain. LTTRs typically bind DNA in the presence or absence of a small-molecule ligand (effector). In response to cellular signals, conformational changes alter DNA interactions, contact with RNA polymerase, and sometimes contact with other proteins. Many are dual-function repressor-activators, although different modes of regulation may occur at multiple promoters. This review presents an update on the molecular basis of regulation, the complexity of regulatory schemes, and applications in biotechnology and medicine. The abundance of LTTRs reflects their versatility and importance. While a single regulatory model cannot describe all family members, a comparison of similarities and differences provides a framework for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa C Baugh
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA;
| | - Cory Momany
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
| | - Ellen L Neidle
- Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA;
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11
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Singh SK, Singh S. Effect of platelet counts and activator in platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia, split-head comparison: A randomised, double-blind study. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2023; 89:647-655. [PMID: 37067143 DOI: 10.25259/ijdvl_1254_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Background Androgenetic alopecia is a common, chronic, non-scarring alopecia. It is characterised by stepwise miniaturisation of the hair follicles, due to alteration in the hair cycle dynamics, leading to the transformation of terminal hair follicles into a vellus ones. Oral finasteride and topical minoxidil are the only approved drugs for treating this condition. Due to a limited number of effective therapies for androgenetic alopecia, platelet-rich plasma may be an effective alternative treatment. Aims To study the effect of activator in platelet-rich plasma and baseline platelet count in platelet-rich plasma on the treatment of androgenetic alopecia. Methods A randomised, double-blind split-head comparative study. The sample size was calculated and randomisation was done. Patients with androgenetic alopecia were allocated into two groups; in the first group, autologous activated platelet-rich plasma was injected in the right half of the affected scalp and autologous non-activated platelet-rich plasma was injected in the left half of the affected scalp and vice versa in the second group. Patients were also categorised on the basis of platelet counts in their platelet-rich plasma in three groups; group A (6-8 lakh/mm3), group B (8.1-10 lakh/mm3) and group C (>10 lakh/mm3). Interventions were done monthly for three months and followed up for the next three months. Effects of interventions were assessed by hair density, hair thickness, patient self-assessment and clinical photography. Results A total of 80 patients were included in the study. Activated platelet-rich plasma produced significant improvement of hair density after four months and hair thickness at 6 months. An increase in platelet count led to a significant increase in hair density and hair thickness after three and four months respectively and a highly significant increase in both parameters at the end of the study. Limitations Long-term follow-up of cases was not done and no measurement of vellus hair count was done. Conclusion There is a significant effect of activator and platelet count of the platelet-rich plasma on hair density as well as hair thickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyendra K Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shailesh Singh
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India
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12
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Yin HJ, Xiao ZG, Feng Y, Yao CJ. Recent Progress in Photonic Upconversion Materials for Organic Lanthanide Complexes. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:5642. [PMID: 37629933 PMCID: PMC10456671 DOI: 10.3390/ma16165642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
Organic lanthanide complexes have garnered significant attention in various fields due to their intriguing energy transfer mechanism, enabling the upconversion (UC) of two or more low-energy photons into high-energy photons. In comparison to lanthanide-doped inorganic nanoparticles, organic UC complexes hold great promise for biological delivery applications due to their advantageous properties of controllable size and composition. This review aims to provide a summary of the fundamental concept and recent developments of organic lanthanide-based UC materials based on different mechanisms. Furthermore, we also detail recent applications in the fields of bioimaging and solar cells. The developments and forthcoming challenges in organic lanthanide-based UC offer readers valuable insights and opportunities to engage in further research endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Yin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (H.-J.Y.); (Z.-G.X.)
| | - Zhong-Gui Xiao
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Qujing Normal University, Qujing 655011, China; (H.-J.Y.); (Z.-G.X.)
| | - Yansong Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Chang-Jiang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, School of Mechatronical Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China
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13
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Peng X, Zhao R, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Zhu Y, Qin P, Wang M, Huang H. Effect of the Combination of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria with Orange Residue-Based Activator on the Phytoremediation of Cadmium by Ryegrass. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:2727. [PMID: 37514342 PMCID: PMC10384834 DOI: 10.3390/plants12142727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Amendments with activators or microorganisms to enhance phytoremediation in toxic-metal-polluted soils have been widely studied. In this research, the production of indoleacetic acid, siderophore, and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase by phosphate-solubilizing bacteria was investigated during a pure culture experiment. Pot experiments were performed using Cd-polluted soil with the following treatments: control (CK, only ultrapure water), orange-peel-based activator (OG), and a combination of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (Acinetobacter pitti) and OG (APOG). Ryegrass plant height and fresh weight, Cd content in ryegrass, total and available Cd soil content, soil enzyme activity, and soil bacterial diversity were determined in this work. The findings showed that the height of ryegrass in OG and APOG increased by 14.78% and 21.23%. In the APOG group, a decreased ratio of Cd was 3.37 times that of CK, and the bioconcentration factor was 1.28 times that of CK. The neutral phosphatase activity of APOG was 1.33 times that of CK and catalase activity was 1.95 times that of CK. The activity of urease was increased by 35.48%. APOG increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria and Proteobacteria was the dominant bacterium, accounting for 57.38% in APOG. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that nutrient elements were conducive to the propagation of the dominant bacteria, the secretion of enzymes, and the extraction rate of Cd in the soil. The possible enhancement mechanism of phytoremediation of cadmium by A. pitti combined with OG was that, on the one hand, APOG increased soil nutrient elements and enzyme activities promoted the growth of ryegrass. On the other hand, APOG activated Cd and boosted the movement of Cd from soil to ryegrass. This research offers insight for the combination of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with an orange-peel-based activator to improve phytoremediation of Cd-contaminated soils and also provides a new way for the resource utilization of fruit residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Peng
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Rule Zhao
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yuan Yang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yaoyu Zhou
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yichun Zhu
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Pufeng Qin
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mi Wang
- Chinalco Environmental Protection and Ecological Technology (Hunan) Co., Ltd., Changsha 410021, China
| | - Hongli Huang
- Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Agricultural Typical Pollution Remediation and Wetland Protection, College of Environment and Ecology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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14
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Li S, Zhang Y, Shi L, Cao S, Chen W, Yang Z. Involvement of a MYB Transcription Factor in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis during Chinese Bayberry ( Morella rubra) Fruit Ripening. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:894. [PMID: 37508327 PMCID: PMC10376099 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanin is a class of water-soluble flavonoids found in Chinese bayberry (Morella rubra) that is not only responsible for the variety of colors visible in nature but also has numerous health-promoting benefits in humans. Through comparative transcriptomics, we isolated and identified a transcription factor (TF) of the R2R3-MYB type, MrMYB9, in order to explore the anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway in red and white Chinese bayberries. MrMYB9 transcript was positively correlated with anthocyanin level and anthocyanin biosynthetic gene expression during Chinese bayberry fruit maturation (R-values in the range 0.54-0.84, p < 0.05). Sequence analysis revealed that MrMYB9 shared a similar R2R3 domain with MYB activators of anthocyanin biosynthesis in other plants. MrMYB9 substantially transactivated promoters of anthocyanin biosynthesis-related EBGs (MrCHI, MrF3'H, and MrANS) and LBGs (MrUFGT) upon co-expression of the AtEGL3 gene. Our findings indicated that MrMYB9 may positively modulate anthocyanin accumulation in Chinese bayberry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saisai Li
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Yijuan Zhang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Liyu Shi
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Shifeng Cao
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Wei Chen
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhenfeng Yang
- College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
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15
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Gong GQ, Bilanges B, Allsop B, Masson GR, Roberton V, Askwith T, Oxenford S, Madsen RR, Conduit SE, Bellini D, Fitzek M, Collier M, Najam O, He Z, Wahab B, McLaughlin SH, Chan AWE, Feierberg I, Madin A, Morelli D, Bhamra A, Vinciauskaite V, Anderson KE, Surinova S, Pinotsis N, Lopez-Guadamillas E, Wilcox M, Hooper A, Patel C, Whitehead MA, Bunney TD, Stephens LR, Hawkins PT, Katan M, Yellon DM, Davidson SM, Smith DM, Phillips JB, Angell R, Williams RL, Vanhaesebroeck B. A small-molecule PI3Kα activator for cardioprotection and neuroregeneration. Nature 2023; 618:159-168. [PMID: 37225977 PMCID: PMC7614683 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the potential beneficial effects of kinase signalling through the generation of direct kinase activators remains an underexplored area of drug development1-5. This also applies to the PI3K signalling pathway, which has been extensively targeted by inhibitors for conditions with PI3K overactivation, such as cancer and immune dysregulation. Here we report the discovery of UCL-TRO-1938 (referred to as 1938 hereon), a small-molecule activator of the PI3Kα isoform, a crucial effector of growth factor signalling. 1938 allosterically activates PI3Kα through a distinct mechanism by enhancing multiple steps of the PI3Kα catalytic cycle and causes both local and global conformational changes in the PI3Kα structure. This compound is selective for PI3Kα over other PI3K isoforms and multiple protein and lipid kinases. It transiently activates PI3K signalling in all rodent and human cells tested, resulting in cellular responses such as proliferation and neurite outgrowth. In rodent models, acute treatment with 1938 provides cardioprotection from ischaemia-reperfusion injury and, after local administration, enhances nerve regeneration following nerve crush. This study identifies a chemical tool to directly probe the PI3Kα signalling pathway and a new approach to modulate PI3K activity, widening the therapeutic potential of targeting these enzymes through short-term activation for tissue protection and regeneration. Our findings illustrate the potential of activating kinases for therapeutic benefit, a currently largely untapped area of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Q Gong
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benoit Bilanges
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Allsop
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Glenn R Masson
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Victoria Roberton
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor Askwith
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sally Oxenford
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ralitsa R Madsen
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Conduit
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dom Bellini
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martina Fitzek
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Matt Collier
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Osman Najam
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zhenhe He
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Wahab
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - A W Edith Chan
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Madin
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Morelli
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amandeep Bhamra
- Proteomics Research Translational Technology Platform, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanesa Vinciauskaite
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Silvia Surinova
- Proteomics Research Translational Technology Platform, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Pinotsis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Wilcox
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Hooper
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chandni Patel
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria A Whitehead
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom D Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Smith
- Emerging Innovations, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Phillips
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Angell
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Roger L Williams
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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Steingard CH, Helmann JD. Meddling with Metal Sensors: Fur-Family Proteins as Signaling Hubs. J Bacteriol 2023; 205:e0002223. [PMID: 37010421 PMCID: PMC10127796 DOI: 10.1128/jb.00022-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The ferric uptake regulator (Fur) protein is the founding member of the FUR superfamily of metalloregulatory proteins that control metal homeostasis in bacteria. FUR proteins regulate metal homeostasis in response to the binding of iron (Fur), zinc (Zur), manganese (Mur), or nickel (Nur). FUR family proteins are generally dimers in solution, but the DNA-bound complex can involve a single dimer, a dimer-of-dimers, or an extended array of bound protein. Elevated FUR levels due to changes in cell physiology increase DNA occupancy and may also kinetically facilitate protein dissociation. Interactions between FUR proteins and other regulators are commonplace, often including cooperative and competitive DNA-binding interactions within the regulatory region. Further, there are many emerging examples of allosteric regulators that interact directly with FUR family proteins. Here, we focus on newly uncovered examples of allosteric regulation by diverse Fur antagonists (Escherichia coli YdiV/SlyD, Salmonella enterica EIIANtr, Vibrio parahaemolyticus FcrX, Acinetobacter baumannii BlsA, Bacillus subtilis YlaN, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa PacT) as well as one Zur antagonist (Mycobacterium bovis CmtR). Small molecules and metal complexes may also serve as regulatory ligands, with examples including heme binding to Bradyrhizobium japonicum Irr and 2-oxoglutarate binding to Anabaena FurA. How these protein-protein and protein-ligand interactions act in conjunction with regulatory metal ions to facilitate signal integration is an active area of investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John D. Helmann
- Department of Microbiology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
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17
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Yang K, Hou Y, Wu M, Pan Q, Xie Y, Zhang Y, Sun F, Zhang Z, Wu J. DoMYB5 and DobHLH24, Transcription Factors Involved in Regulating Anthocyanin Accumulation in Dendrobium officinale. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087552. [PMID: 37108715 PMCID: PMC10142772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
As a kind of orchid plant with both medicinal and ornamental value, Dendrobium officinale has garnered increasing research attention in recent years. The MYB and bHLH transcription factors play important roles in the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin. However, how MYB and bHLH transcription factors work in the synthesis and accumulation of anthocyanin in D. officinale is still unclear. In this study, we cloned and characterized one MYB and one bHLH transcription factor, namely, D. officinale MYB5 (DoMYB5) and D. officinaleb bHLH24 (DobHLH24), respectively. Their expression levels were positively correlated with the anthocyanin content in the flowers, stems, and leaves of D. officinale varieties with different colors. The transient expression of DoMYB5 and DobHLH24 in D. officinale leaf and their stable expression in tobacco significantly promoted the accumulation of anthocyanin. Both DoMYB5 and DobHLH24 could directly bind to the promoters of D. officinale CHS (DoCHS) and D. officinale DFR (DoDFR) and regulate DoCHS and DoDFR expression. The co-transformation of the two transcription factors significantly enhanced the expression levels of DoCHS and DoDFR. DoMYB5 and DobHLH24 may enhance the regulatory effect by forming heterodimers. Drawing on the results of our experiments, we propose that DobHLH24 may function as a regulatory partner by interacting directly with DoMYB5 to stimulate anthocyanin accumulation in D. officinale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yibin Hou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mei Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Qiuyu Pan
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yilong Xie
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yusen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Fenghang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhizhong Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jinghua Wu
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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18
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Poirier D. Description of Chemical Synthesis, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Characterization and Biological Activity of Estrane-Based Inhibitors/ Activators of Steroidogenesis. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083499. [PMID: 37110733 PMCID: PMC10143840 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Steroid hormones play a crucial role in several aspects of human life, and steroidogenesis is the process by which hormones are produced from cholesterol using several enzymes that work in concert to obtain the appropriate levels of each hormone at the right time. Unfortunately, many diseases, such as cancer, endometriosis, and osteoporosis as examples, are caused by an increase in the production of certain hormones. For these diseases, the use of an inhibitor to block the activity of an enzyme and, in doing so, the production of a key hormone is a proven therapeutic strategy whose development continues. This account-type article focuses on seven inhibitors (compounds 1-7) and an activator (compound 8) of six enzymes involved in steroidogenesis, namely steroid sulfatase, aldo-keto reductase 1C3, types 1, 2, 3, and 12 of the 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases. For these steroid derivatives, three topics will be addressed: (1) Their chemical synthesis from the same starting material, estrone, (2) their structural characterization using nuclear magnetic resonance, and (3) their in vitro or in vivo biological activities. These bioactive molecules constitute potential therapeutic or mechanistic tools that could be used to better understand the role of certain hormones in steroidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Poirier
- Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry, Endocrinology and Nephrology Unit, CHU de Québec Research Center-Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 4G2, Canada
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
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19
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Zhang J, Qiao W, Luo Y. Mitochondrial quality control proteases and their modulation for cancer therapy. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:399-436. [PMID: 36208112 DOI: 10.1002/med.21929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria, the main provider of energy in eukaryotic cells, contains more than 1000 different proteins and is closely related to the development of cells. However, damaged proteins impair mitochondrial function, further contributing to several human diseases. Evidence shows mitochondrial proteases are critically important for protein maintenance. Most importantly, quality control enzymes exert a crucial role in the modulation of mitochondrial functions by degrading misfolded, aged, or superfluous proteins. Interestingly, cancer cells thrive under stress conditions that damage proteins, so targeting mitochondrial quality control proteases serves as a novel regulator for cancer cells. Not only that, mitochondrial quality control proteases have been shown to affect mitochondrial dynamics by regulating the morphology of optic atrophy 1 (OPA1), which is closely related to the occurrence and progression of cancer. In this review, we introduce mitochondrial quality control proteases as promising targets and related modulators in cancer therapy with a focus on caseinolytic protease P (ClpP), Lon protease (LonP1), high-temperature requirement protein A2 (HrtA2), and OMA-1. Further, we summarize our current knowledge of the advances in clinical trials for modulators of mitochondrial quality control proteases. Overall, the content proposed above serves to suggest directions for the development of novel antitumor drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangnan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wenliang Qiao
- Lung Cancer Center, Laboratory of Lung Cancer, Western China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youfu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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20
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Gorbea Colón JJ, Palao L, Chen SF, Kim HJ, Snyder L, Chang YW, Tsai KL, Murakami K. Structural basis of a transcription pre-initiation complex on a divergent promoter. Mol Cell 2023; 83:574-588.e11. [PMID: 36731470 PMCID: PMC10162435 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Most eukaryotic promoter regions are divergently transcribed. As the RNA polymerase II pre-initiation complex (PIC) is intrinsically asymmetric and responsible for transcription in a single direction, it is unknown how divergent transcription arises. Here, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae Mediator complexed with a PIC (Med-PIC) was assembled on a divergent promoter and analyzed by cryoelectron microscopy. The structure reveals two distinct Med-PICs forming a dimer through the Mediator tail module, induced by a homodimeric activator protein localized near the dimerization interface. The tail dimer is associated with ∼80-bp upstream DNA, such that two flanking core promoter regions are positioned and oriented in a suitable form for PIC assembly in opposite directions. Also, cryoelectron tomography visualized the progress of the PIC assembly on the two core promoter regions, providing direct evidence for the role of the Med-PIC dimer in divergent transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose J Gorbea Colón
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leon Palao
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shin-Fu Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hee Jong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Group, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura Snyder
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Yi-Wei Chang
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Kuang-Lei Tsai
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Kenji Murakami
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Penn Center for Genome Integrity, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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21
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Mori L, Ben Amar M. Stochasticity and Drug Effects in Dynamical Model for Cancer Stem Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15030677. [PMID: 36765635 PMCID: PMC9913339 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The Cancer Stem Model allows for a dynamical description of cancer colonies which accounts for the existence of different families of cells, namely stem cells, highly proliferating and quasi-immortal, and differentiated cells, both undergoing cellular processes under numerous activated pathways. In the present work, we investigate a dynamical model numerically, as a system of coupled differential equations, and include a plasticity mechanism, of differentiated cells turning into a stem state if the stem concentration drops low. We are particularly interested in the stability of the model once we introduce stochastically evolving parameters, associated with environmental and cellular intrinsic variabilities, as well as the response of the model after introducing a drug therapy. As long as we stay within the characteristic time scale of the system, defined on the base of the needed time for the trajectories to converge on stable states, we observe that the system remains stable for the main parameters evolving stochastically according to white noise. As for the drug treatments, we discuss a model both for the kinetics and the dynamics of the substance in the organism, and then consider the impact of different types of therapies in a few particular examples, outlining some interesting mechanisms, such as the tumor growth paradox, that possibly impact the outcome of therapy significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovico Mori
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Martine Ben Amar
- Laboratoire de Physique de l’Ecole Normale Supérieure, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université PSL, CNRS, 75005 Paris, France
- Institut Universitaire de Cancérologie, Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Université, 91 Bd de l’Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France
- Correspondence:
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22
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Zhang W, Wang Y, Hu X, Zhou Z, Zhu Y, Liang X, Yang JL. AMPK Promotes Larval Metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13122384. [PMID: 36553651 PMCID: PMC9777882 DOI: 10.3390/genes13122384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Metamorphosis is a critical process in the transition from planktonic life to benthic life for marine invertebrates, which is accompanied by a large amount of energy consumption. Previous studies have proved that AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), as a vital energy regulator, plays a prominent role in mediating the growth and development of terrestrial animals. However, its function in the growth and development of marine invertebrates, especially in metamorphosis, remains elusive. This study explored the function of AMPK in the larval metamorphosis of Mytilus coruscus. The full-length cDNA of AMPK genes in M. coruscus was cloned and characterized, which is composed of three subunits, McAMPKα, McAMPKβ, and McAMPKγ. Pharmacological tests demonstrated that through the application of an AMPK activator, AMP substantially enhanced the larval metamorphosis rate (p < 0.05). By contrast, the larval metamorphosis rate decreased significantly after being treated with the AMPK inhibitor Compound C (p < 0.05). McAMPK gene knock-down resulted in a reduction in McAMPK gene expression (p < 0.05), and the larval metamorphosis of M. coruscus was significantly restrained (p < 0.05). These results indicated that AMPK signaling is vital in the larval metamorphosis of M. coruscus, which advances further understanding in exploring the molecular mechanisms in the metamorphosis of marine invertebrate larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Zhang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Yuyi Wang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiaomeng Hu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhongsheng Zhou
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Youting Zhu
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Xiao Liang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Jin-Long Yang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Cultivating Elite Breeds and Green-Culture of Aquaculture animals, Shanghai 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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Angeli A, Urbański LJ, Capasso C, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Activation studies with amino acids and amines of a β-carbonic anhydrase from Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri previously annotated as Staphylococcus aureus (SauBCA) carbonic anhydrase. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2022; 37:2786-2792. [PMID: 36210544 PMCID: PMC9553136 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2131780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A β-carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) previously annotated to be present in the genome of Staphylococcus aureus, SauBCA, has been shown to belong to another pathogenic bacterium, Mammaliicoccus (Staphylococcus) sciuri. This enzyme, MscCA, has been investigated for its activation with a series of natural and synthetic amino acid and amines, comparing the results with those obtained for the ortholog enzyme from Escherichia coli, EcoCAβ. The best MscCA activators were D-His, L- and D-DOPA, 4-(2-aminoethyl)-morpholine and L-Asn, which showed KAs of 0.12 - 0.89 µM. The least efficient activators were D-Tyr and L-Gln (KAs of 13.9 - 28.6 µM). The enzyme was also also inhibited by anions and sulphonamides, as described earlier. Endogenous CA activators may play a role in bacterial virulence and colonisation of the host which makes this research topic of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy
| | - Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland,CONTACT Seppo Parkkila Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Fimlab Ltd, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Dipartimento Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche e Nutraceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Sesto Fiorentino (Florence), Italy,Claudiu T. Supuran Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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24
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Ciulla DA, Dranchak P, Pezzullo JL, Mancusi RA, Psaras AM, Rai G, Giner JL, Inglese J, Callahan BP. A cell-based bioluminescence reporter assay of human Sonic Hedgehog protein autoprocessing to identify inhibitors and activators. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102705. [PMID: 36400200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sonic Hedgehog (SHh) precursor protein undergoes biosynthetic autoprocessing to cleave off and covalently attach cholesterol to the SHh signaling ligand, a vital morphogen and oncogenic effector protein. Autoprocessing is self-catalyzed by SHhC, the SHh precursor's C-terminal enzymatic domain. A method to screen for small molecule regulators of this process may be of therapeutic value. Here, we describe the development and validation of the first cellular reporter to monitor human SHhC autoprocessing noninvasively in high-throughput compatible plates. The assay couples intracellular SHhC autoprocessing using endogenous cholesterol to the extracellular secretion of the bioluminescent nanoluciferase enzyme. We developed a WT SHhC reporter line for evaluating potential autoprocessing inhibitors by concentration response-dependent suppression of extracellular bioluminescence. Additionally, a conditional mutant SHhC (D46A) reporter line was developed for identifying potential autoprocessing activators by a concentration response-dependent gain of extracellular bioluminescence. The D46A mutation removes a conserved general base that is critical for the activation of the cholesterol substrate. Inducibility of the D46A reporter was established using a synthetic sterol, 2-α carboxy cholestanol, designed to bypass the defect through intramolecular general base catalysis. To facilitate direct nanoluciferase detection in the cell culture media of 1536-well plates, we designed a novel anionic phosphonylated coelenterazine, CLZ-2P, as the nanoluciferase substrate. This new reporter system offers a long-awaited resource for small molecule discovery for cancer and for developmental disorders where SHh ligand biosynthesis is dysregulated.
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25
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Clausse V, Fang Y, Tao D, Tagad HD, Sun H, Wang Y, Karavadhi S, Lane K, Shi ZD, Vasalatiy O, LeClair CA, Eells R, Shen M, Patnaik S, Appella E, Coussens NP, Hall MD, Appella DH. Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule Scaffolds for the Inhibition and Activation of WIP1 Phosphatase from a RapidFire Mass Spectrometry High-Throughput Screen. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:993-1006. [PMID: 36268125 PMCID: PMC9578142 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type P53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1), also known as PPM1D or PP2Cδ, is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase induced by P53 after genotoxic stress. WIP1 inhibition has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for P53 wild-type cancers in which it is overexpressed, but this approach would be ineffective in P53-negative cancers. Furthermore, there are several cancers with mutated P53 where WIP1 acts as a tumor suppressor. Therefore, activating WIP1 phosphatase might also be a therapeutic strategy, depending on the P53 status. To date, no specific, potent WIP1 inhibitors with appropriate pharmacokinetic properties have been reported, nor have WIP1-specific activators. Here, we report the discovery of new WIP1 modulators from a high-throughput screen (HTS) using previously described orthogonal biochemical assays suitable for identifying both inhibitors and activators. The primary HTS was performed against a library of 102 277 compounds at a single concentration using a RapidFire mass spectrometry assay. Hits were further evaluated over a range of 11 concentrations with both the RapidFire MS assay and an orthogonal fluorescence-based assay. Further biophysical, biochemical, and cell-based studies of confirmed hits revealed a WIP1 activator and two inhibitors, one competitive and one uncompetitive. These new scaffolds are prime candidates for optimization which might enable inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetics and a first-in-class WIP1 activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Clausse
- Synthetic
Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yuhong Fang
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Dingyin Tao
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Harichandra D. Tagad
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hongmao Sun
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Surendra Karavadhi
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Kelly Lane
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Zhen-Dan Shi
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Christopher A. LeClair
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Rebecca Eells
- Reaction
Biology Corporation, 1 Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Min Shen
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Nathan P. Coussens
- Molecular
Pharmacology Laboratories, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Daniel H. Appella
- Synthetic
Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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26
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Chen K, Ke Z, Wang S, Wang S, Yang K, Jia W, Zhu J, Jiang J. Precise Regulation of Differential Transcriptions of Various Catabolic Genes by OdcR via a Single Nucleotide Mutation in the Promoter Ensures the Safety of Metabolic Flux. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0118222. [PMID: 36036586 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01182-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Synergistic regulation of the expression of various genes in a catabolic pathway is crucial for the degradation, survival, and adaptation of microorganisms in polluted environments. However, how a single regulator accurately regulates and controls differential transcriptions of various catabolic genes to ensure metabolic safety remains largely unknown. Here, a LysR-type transcriptional regulator (LTTR), OdcR, encoded by the regulator gene odcR, was confirmed to be essential for 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenozate (DBHB) catabolism and simultaneously activated the transcriptions of a gene with unknown function, orf419, and three genes, odcA, odcB, and odcC, involved in the DBHB catabolism in Pigmentiphaga sp. strain H8. OdcB further metabolized the highly toxic intermediate 2,6-dibromohydroquinone, which was produced from DBHB by OdcA. The upregulated transcriptional level of odcB was 7- to 9-fold higher than that of orf419, odcA, or odcC in response to DBHB. Through an electrophoretic mobility shift assay and DNase I footprinting assay, DBHB was found to be the effector and essential for OdcR binding to all four promoters of orf419, odcA, odcB, and odcC. A single nucleotide mutation in the regulatory binding site (RBS) of the promoter of odcB (TAT-N11-ATG), compared to those of odcA/orf419 (CAT-N11-ATG) and odcC (CAT-N11-ATT), was identified and shown to enable the significantly higher transcription of odcB. The precise regulation of these genes by OdcR via a single nucleotide mutation in the promoter avoided the accumulation of 2,6-dibromohydroquinone, ensuring the metabolic safety of DBHB. IMPORTANCE Prokaryotes use various mechanisms, including improvement of the activity of detoxification enzymes, to cope with toxic intermediates produced during catabolism. However, studies on how bacteria accurately regulate differential transcriptions of various catabolic genes via a single regulator to ensure metabolic safety are scarce. This study revealed a LysR-type transcriptional activator, OdcR, which strongly activated odcB transcription for the detoxification of the toxic intermediate 2,6-dibromohydroquinone and slightly activated the transcriptions of other genes (orf419, odcA, and odcC) for 3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxybenozate (DBHB) catabolism in Pigmentiphaga sp. strain H8. Interestingly, the differential transcription/expression of the four genes, which ensured the metabolic safety of DBHB in cells, was determined by a single nucleotide mutation in the regulatory binding sites of the four promoters. This study describes a new and ingenious regulatory mode of ensuring metabolic safety in bacteria, expanding our understanding of synergistic transcriptional regulation in prokaryotes.
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27
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Wang WQ, Moss SMA, Zeng L, Espley RV, Wang T, Lin-Wang K, Fu BL, Schwinn KE, Allan AC, Yin XR. The red flesh of kiwifruit is differentially controlled by specific activation-repression systems. New Phytol 2022; 235:630-645. [PMID: 35348217 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Anthocyanins are visual cues for pollination and seed dispersal. Fruit containing anthocyanins also appeals to consumers due to its appearance and health benefits. In kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) studies have identified at least two MYB activators of anthocyanin, but their functions in fruit and the mechanisms by which they act are not fully understood. Here, transcriptome and small RNA high-throughput sequencing were used to comprehensively identify contributors to anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit. Stable overexpression in vines showed that both 35S::MYB10 and MYB110 can upregulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in Actinidia chinensis fruit, and that MYB10 overexpression resulted in anthocyanin accumulation which was limited to the inner pericarp, suggesting that repressive mechanisms underlie anthocyanin biosynthesis in this species. Furthermore, motifs in the C-terminal region of MYB10/110 were shown to be responsible for the strength of activation of the anthocyanic response. Transient assays showed that both MYB10 and MYB110 were not directly cleaved by miRNAs, but that miR828 and its phased small RNA AcTAS4-D4(-) efficiently targeted MYB110. Other miRNAs were identified, which were differentially expressed between the inner and outer pericarp, and cleavage of SPL13, ARF16, SCL6 and F-box1, all of which are repressors of MYB10, was observed. We conclude that it is the differential expression and subsequent repression of MYB activators that is responsible for variation in anthocyanin accumulation in kiwifruit species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Qiu Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Sarah M A Moss
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Lihui Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Richard V Espley
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Tianchi Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Kui Lin-Wang
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Bei-Ling Fu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Kathy E Schwinn
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Palmerston North, Private Bag 11600, Palmerston North, 4442, New Zealand
| | - Andrew C Allan
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited (Plant & Food Research) Mt Albert, Private Bag 92169, Auckland Mail Centre, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Xue-Ren Yin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Integrative Biology, Horticulture Department, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058, China
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28
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Abstract
Abnormal pain has recently been estimated to affect ∼50 million adults each year within the United States. With many treatment options for abnormal pain, such as opioid analgesics, carrying numerous deleterious side effects, research into safer and more effective treatment options is crucial. To help elucidate the mechanisms controlling nociceptive sensitivity, the Drosophila melanogaster larval nociception model has been used to characterize well-conserved pathways through the use of genetic modification and/or injury to alter the sensitivity of experimental animals. Mammalian models have provided evidence of β-catenin signaling involvement in neuropathic pain development. By capitalizing on the conserved nature of β-catenin functions in the fruit fly, here we describe a role for Armadillo, the fly homolog to mammalian β-catenin, in regulating baseline sensitivity in the primary nociceptor of the fly, in the absence of injury, using under- and over-expression of Armadillo in a cell-specific manner. Underexpression of Armadillo resulted in hyposensitivity, while overexpression of wild-type Armadillo or expression of a degradation-resistant Armadillo resulted in hypersensitivity. Neither underexpression nor overexpression of Armadillo resulted in observed dendritic morphological changes that could contribute to behavioral phenotypes observed. These results showed that focused manipulation of Armadillo expression within the nociceptors is sufficient to modulate baseline response in the nociceptors to a noxious stimulus and that these changes are not shown to be associated with a morphogenetic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Hale
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering6251University of Maine System
| | | | - Yvonne Otis
- School of Biological Sciences172741University of New England College of Arts and Sciences
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29
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Ouyang S, Zhang Q, Lou L, Zhu K, Li Z, Liu P, Zhang X. The Double-Edged Sword of SIRT3 in Cancer and Its Therapeutic Applications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:871560. [PMID: 35571098 PMCID: PMC9092499 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.871560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of cellular energy metabolism is considered an emerging feature of cancer. Mitochondrial metabolism plays a crucial role in cancer cell proliferation, survival, and metastasis. As a major mitochondrial NAD+-dependent deacetylase, sirtuin3 (SIRT3) deacetylates and regulates the enzymes involved in regulating mitochondrial energy metabolism, including fatty acid oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and the respiratory chain to maintain metabolic homeostasis. In this article, we review the multiple roles of SIRT3 in various cancers, and systematically summarize the recent advances in the discovery of its activators and inhibitors. The roles of SIRT3 vary in different cancers and have cell- and tumor-type specificity. SIRT3 plays a unique function by mediating interactions between mitochondria and intracellular signaling. The critical functions of SIRT3 have renewed interest in the development of small molecule modulators that regulate its activity. Delineation of the underlying mechanism of SIRT3 as a critical regulator of cell metabolism and further characterization of the mitochondrial substrates of SIRT3 will deepen our understanding of the role of SIRT3 in tumorigenesis and progression and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for cancer targeting SIRT3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Ouyang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiyi Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Linlin Lou
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Innovation Practice Center, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Zeyu Li
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peiqing Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Druggability and New Drug Evaluation, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Chiral Molecule and Drug Discovery, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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30
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Lin Y, Xu D, Ji W, Zhao X. Experiment on the Properties of Soda Residue-Activated Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag Mortars with Different Activators. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15103578. [PMID: 35629605 PMCID: PMC9143497 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Soda residue (SR), a solid waste generated in the production of Na2CO3 during the ammonia soda process, with a high pH value of 12, can be used as an activator of alkali-activated ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) cementitious materials. Three groups of experiments on SR-activated GGBFS mortars were designed in this paper to assess the role of the dominant parameters on fluidity and compressive strength of mortars. The results indicate that for fluidity and mechanical properties, the optimal scheme of SR-activated GGBFS mortars is 16:84–24:76 S/G, 0.01 NaOH/b, 0.05 CaO/b, and 0.50 w/b, with fluidity and compressive strength (28 d) of the mortars being 181–195 mm and 32.3–35.4 MPa, respectively. Between 2.5–10% CaCl2 addition to CaO (5%)-SR (24%)-activated GGBFS mortar is beneficial to the improvement of the compressive strength of C2, whereas the addition of CaSO4 is harmful. The main hydration products of mortars are ettringite, Friedel’s slat, and CSH gels. The results provide a theoretical basis and data support for the utilization of SR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghui Lin
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
- Department of Economics and Management, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde 067000, China;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-187-1593-8682
| | - Dongqiang Xu
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China;
| | - Wenguang Ji
- Department of Economics and Management, Hebei Normal University for Nationalities, Chengde 067000, China;
| | - Xianhui Zhao
- School of Civil Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, China;
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Jeon D, Jun I, Lee HK, Park J, Kim BR, Ryu K, Yoon H, Kim TI, Namkung W. Novel CFTR Activator Cact-3 Ameliorates Ocular Surface Dysfunctions in Scopolamine-Induced Dry Eye Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5206. [PMID: 35563597 PMCID: PMC9101838 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is highly expressed on the ocular epithelium and plays a pivotal role in the fluid secretion driven by chloride transport. Dry eye disease is one of the most common diseases with limited therapeutic options. In this study, a high-throughput screening was performed to identify novel CFTR activators capable of inducing chloride secretion on the ocular surface. The screening of 50,000 small molecules revealed three novel CFTR activators. Among them, the most potent CFTR activator, Cact-3 (7-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)pyrazolo [1,5-α]pyrimidine-2-carboxamide), produced large and sustained Cl- currents in WT-CFTR-expressing FRT cells with no alterations of ANO1 and hERG channel activity. The application of Cact-3 strongly activated CFTR in the ocular epithelia of mice and it also significantly increased CFTR-mediated Cl- transport in a primary cultured human conjunctival epithelium. Cact-3 strongly stimulated tear secretion in normal mice. In addition, Cact-3 significantly reduced ocular surface damage and the expression of proinflammatory factors, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and interferon (IFN)-γ in an experimental mouse model of dry eye disease. These results suggest that Cact-3, a novel CFTR activator, may be a potential development candidate for the treatment of dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongkyu Jeon
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea; (D.J.); (H.K.L.); (J.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Ikhyun Jun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (I.J.); (B.-R.K.)
| | - Ho K. Lee
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea; (D.J.); (H.K.L.); (J.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Jinhong Park
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea; (D.J.); (H.K.L.); (J.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Bo-Rahm Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (I.J.); (B.-R.K.)
| | - Kunhi Ryu
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea; (D.J.); (H.K.L.); (J.P.); (K.R.)
| | - Hongchul Yoon
- Research Laboratories, ILDONG Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 20, Samsung 1-ro 1-gil, Hwaseong 18449, Korea;
| | - Tae-im Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (I.J.); (B.-R.K.)
| | - Wan Namkung
- Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Yonsei University, 85 Songdogwahak-ro, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21983, Korea; (D.J.); (H.K.L.); (J.P.); (K.R.)
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemoon-Gu, Seoul 03722, Korea; (I.J.); (B.-R.K.)
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32
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Yu ND, Wang B, Li XZ, Han HZ, Liu D. A Novel Mechanism for SIRT1 Activators That Does Not Rely on the Chemical Moiety Immediately C-Terminal to the Acetyl-Lysine of the Substrate. Molecules 2022; 27:2714. [PMID: 35566069 PMCID: PMC9099470 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27092714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
SIRT1, an NAD+-dependent deacetylase, catalyzes the deacetylation of proteins coupled with the breakdown of NAD+ into nicotinamide and 2'-O-acetyl-ADP-ribose (OAADPr). Selective SIRT1 activators have potential clinical applications in atherosclerosis, acute renal injury, and Alzheimer's disease. Here, we found that the activity of the potent SIRT1 activator CWR is independent of the acetylated substrate. It adopts a novel mechanism to promote SIRT1 activity by covalently bonding to the anomeric C1' carbon of the ribose ring in OAADPr. In addition, CWR is highly selective for SIRT1, with no effect on SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT5, or SIRT6. The longer distance between the anomeric C1' carbon of the ribose ring in OAADPr and Arg274 of SIRT1 (a conserved residue among sirtuins) than that between the anomeric C1' carbon in OAADPr and the Arg of SIRT2, SIRT3, SIRT5, and SIRT6, should be responsible for the high selectivity of CWR for SIRT1. This was confirmed by site-directed mutagenesis of SIRT3. Consistent with the in vitro assays, the activator also reduced the acetylation levels of p53 in a concentration-dependent manner via SIRT1 in cells. Our study provides a new perspective for designing SIRT1 activators that does not rely on the chemical moiety immediately C-terminal to the acetyl-lysine of the substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Da Yu
- Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (N.-D.Y.); (B.W.); (H.-Z.H.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Bing Wang
- Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (N.-D.Y.); (B.W.); (H.-Z.H.)
| | - Xin-Zhu Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China;
| | - Hao-Zhen Han
- Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (N.-D.Y.); (B.W.); (H.-Z.H.)
| | - Dongxiang Liu
- Center for Chemical Biology, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China; (N.-D.Y.); (B.W.); (H.-Z.H.)
- College of Pharmacy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
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33
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Xu Q, Si Y, He R, Qi X, Su X, Fu Y. Silk-Waste-Derived Porous Carbon for Fast Electric Heating under Safe Voltage. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:6005-6015. [PMID: 35050593 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c21874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fast and safe electric heating is highly needed in extreme climates or thermal therapy. Herein, porous activated carbon derived from silk waste is prepared by a simple method. Various porous activated carbons are obtained using different types and concentrations of activator (KOH, KCl, and KHCO3). The effect of the microstructure on the electric heating performance of these carbons is investigated carefully. The type, activator concentration, and carbonization temperature play key roles in the regulation of electric heating properties. The porous carbon activated by 0.05 M KHCO3 at 800 °C demonstrates larger specific surface area (3077 m2 g-1), higher graphitization degree, and lower resistance (2.4 Ω cm), which synergistically contribute greatly to its higher electrothermal efficiency and better electric heating performance. The equilibrium temperature could reach 73 °C in 2 min under a safe voltage of 12 V, proving the better pore-forming capacity and activating function of KHCO3. An electric heating cotton@carbon composite fabric with quite good electric heating property and stability is also prepared, which could reach 38 °C in 2 min under 12 V safe voltage and maintain a temperature 10 °C higher than the ambient temperature even when bent at an angle of 55°. This activated carbon derived from waste protein using a simple and cheap process has great potential in practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310018, China
- School of Textile, Apparel & Art Design, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Shaoxing, Zhejiang312000, China
| | - Yinsong Si
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310018, China
| | - Rui He
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310018, China
| | - Xiaoming Qi
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310018, China
| | - Xiuping Su
- School of Textile, Apparel & Art Design, Shaoxing University Yuanpei College, Shaoxing, Zhejiang312000, China
| | - Yaqin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang310018, China
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34
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Bílek V, Hrubý P, Iliushchenko V, Koplík J, Kříkala J, Marko M, Hajzler J, Kalina L. Experimental Study of Slag Changes during the Very Early Stages of Its Alkaline Activation. Materials (Basel) 2021; 15:ma15010231. [PMID: 35009376 PMCID: PMC8746217 DOI: 10.3390/ma15010231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The very early stages of alkaline activation of slag control its rheology and setting, but also affect its hydration, which occurs later. Simultaneously, these parameters are dictated by the nature and dose of the alkaline activator. Therefore, we investigated and compared the changes in slag particles (SEM, BET, laser diffraction), as well as in the pore solution composition (ICP–OES), pH, and conductivity, of alkali-activated slag (AAS) pastes containing the three most common sodium activators (waterglass, hydroxide, and carbonate) and water during the first 24 h of its activation. To ensure the best possible comparability of the pastes, a fairly nontraditional mixture design was adopted, based on the same concentration of Na+ (4 mol/dm3) and the same volume fraction of slag in the paste (0.50). The results were correlated with the pastes’ hydration kinetics (isothermal calorimetry), structural build-up (oscillatory rheology), and setting times (Vicat). Great differences were observed in most of these properties, in the formation of hydration products, and in the composition of the pore solution for each activator. The results emphasize the role of the anionic groups in the activators and of the pH, which help predict the sample’s behavior based on its calorimetric curve, and offer data for further comparisons and for the modelling of AAS hydration for specific activators.
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35
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De Luca V, Petreni A, Carginale V, Scaloni A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Effect of amino acids and amines on the activity of the recombinant ι-carbonic anhydrase from the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia territorii. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1000-1006. [PMID: 33980103 PMCID: PMC8128165 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1919891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We here report a study on the activation of the ι-class bacterial CA from Burkholderia territorii (BteCAι). This protein was recently characterised as a zinc-dependent enzyme that shows a significant catalytic activity (kcat 3.0 × 105 s-1) for the physiological reaction of CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Some amino acids and amines, among which some proteinogenic derivatives as well as histamine, dopamine and serotonin, showed efficient activating properties towards BteCAι, with activation constants in the range 3.9-13.3 µM. L-Phe, L-Asn, L-Glu, and some pyridyl-alkylamines, showed a weaker activating effect towards BteCAι, with KA values ranging between 18.4 µM and 45.6 µM. Nowadays, no information is available on active site architecture, metal ion coordination and catalytic mechanism of members of the ι-group of CAs, and this study represents another contribution towards a better understanding of this still uncharacterised class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Florence, Italy
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Florence, Italy
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36
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Misaki Y, Nindita Y, Fujita K, Fauzi AA, Arakawa K. Overexpression of SRO_3163, a homolog of Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein, induces the production of novel cyclohexene-containing enamide in Streptomyces rochei. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2021; 86:177-184. [PMID: 34849547 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbab206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory proteins (SARPs) are well characterized as transcriptional activators for secondary metabolites in Streptomyces species. Streptomyces rochei 7434AN4 harbors 15 SARP genes, among which 3 were located on a giant linear plasmid pSLA2-L and others were on the chromosome. Some SARP genes were cloned into an integrative thiostrepton-inducible vector pIJ8600, and their recombinants were cultivated. The recombinant of SARP gene, SRO_3163, accumulated a UV-active compound YM3163-A, which was not detected in the parent strain and other SARP recombinants. Its molecular formula was established to be C8H11NO. Extensive NMR analysis revealed that YM3163-A is a novel enamide, 2-(cyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)acetamide, and its structure was confirmed by chemical synthesis including Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction and ammonolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Misaki
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Yosi Nindita
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Kota Fujita
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Amirudin Akhmad Fauzi
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
| | - Kenji Arakawa
- Unit of Biotechnology, Division of Biological and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.,Hiroshima Research Center for Healthy Aging (HiHA), Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Graduate School of Advanced Sciences of Matter, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8530, Japan
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Rao Y, Li C, Hu YT, Xu YH, Song BB, Guo SY, Jiang Z, Zhao DD, Chen SB, Tan JH, Huang SL, Li QJ, Wang XJ, Zhang YJ, Ye JM, Huang ZS. A novel HSF1 activator ameliorates nonalcoholic steatohepatitis by stimulating mitochondrial adaptive oxidation. Br J Pharmacol 2021; 179:1411-1432. [PMID: 34783017 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the more severe form of metabolic associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), and no pharmacologic treatment approved as yet. Identification of novel therapeutic targets and their agents are critical to overcome the current inadequacy of drug treatment for NASH. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The correlation between heat shock factor 1 (HSF1) levels and the development of NASH and the target genes of HSF1 in hepatocyte were revealed by chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing. The effects and mechanisms of SYSU-3d in alleviating NASH were examined in relevant cell models and mouse models (the Ob/Ob mice, high-fat and high-cholesterol diet, the methionine-choline deficient diet fed mice). The drug-like properties of SYSU-3d in vivo were evaluated. KEY RESULTS HSF1 is progressively reduced with mitochondrial dysfunction in NASH pathogenesis and activation of this transcription factor by its newly-identified activator SYSU-3d efficiently ameliorated all manifestations of NASH in mice. When activated, the phosphorylated HSF1 (Ser326) translocated to nucleus and bound to the promoter of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) to induce mitochondrial biogenesis, thus increasing mitochondrial adaptive oxidation and inhibiting oxidative stress. The deletion of HSF1 and PGC-1α or recovery of HSF1 in HSF1-deficiency cells revealed the HSF1/PGC-1α metabolic axis mainly responsible for the anti-NASH effects of SYSU-3d independent of adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Activation of HSF1 is a practicable therapeutic approach for NASH treatment via the HSF1/PGC-1α/mitochondrial axis, and SYSU-3d would take into consideration as a potential candidate for the treatment of NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Rao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chan Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Tao Hu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yao-Hao Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Bing-Bing Song
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Yao Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dan-Dan Zhao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuo-Bin Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Heng Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shi-Liang Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Jiang Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Wang
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Jun Zhang
- Sunshine Lake Pharma Co., Ltd, Dongguan, Guangdong, China
| | - Ji-Ming Ye
- School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Shu Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of New Drug Design and Evaluation, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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38
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Abstract
The human sirtuins are a group of NAD+-dependent protein deacylases. They “erase” acyl modifications from lysine residues in various cellular targets including histones, transcription factors, and metabolic enzymes. Through these far-reaching activities, sirtuins regulate a diverse array of biological processes ranging from gene transcription to energy metabolism. Human sirtuins have been intensely pursued by both academia and industry as therapeutic targets for a broad spectrum of diseases such as cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, and metabolic disorders. The last two decades have witnessed a flood of small molecule sirtuin regulators. However, there remain relatively few compounds targeting human sirtuins in clinical development. This reflects the inherent issues concerning the development of isoform-selective and potent molecules with good drug-like properties. In this article, small molecule sirtuin regulators that have advanced into clinical trials will be discussed in details as “successful” examples for future drug development. Special attention is given to the discovery of these compounds, the mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics analysis, formulation, as well as the clinical outcomes observed in the trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyson M Curry
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dawanna S White
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dickson Donu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Yana Cen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.,Institute for Structural Biology, Drug Discovery and Development, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
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39
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Pu J, Wang Z, Cong H, Chin JSR, Justen J, Finet C, Yew JY, Chung H. Repression precedes independent evolutionary gains of a highly specific gene expression pattern. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109896. [PMID: 34706247 PMCID: PMC8578697 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly specific expression patterns can be caused by the overlapping activities of activator and repressor sequences in enhancers. However, few studies illuminate how these sequences evolve in the origin of new enhancers. Here, we show that expression of the bond gene in the semicircular wall epithelium (swe) of the Drosophila melanogaster male ejaculatory bulb (EB) is controlled by an enhancer consisting of an activator region that requires Abdominal-B driving expression in the entire EB and a repressor region that restricts this expression to the EB swe. Although this expression pattern is independently gained in the distantly related Scaptodrosophila lebanonensis and does not require Abdominal-B, we show that functionally similar repressor sequences are present in Scaptodrosophila and also in species that do not express bond in the EB. We suggest that during enhancer evolution, repressor sequences can precede the evolution of activator sequences and may lead to similar but independently evolved expression patterns. Pu et al. show that the independent gain of a highly specific expression pattern across distantly related species may be because of the preexistence of repressor sequences that precedes the diversification of these species. This may reflect a general mechanism underlying the evolution of highly specific enhancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Pu
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
| | - Zinan Wang
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Haosu Cong
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Jacqueline S R Chin
- Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Brenner Centre for Molecular Medicine, Singapore 117609, Singapore
| | - Jessa Justen
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Cédric Finet
- Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, Singapore 138527, Singapore
| | - Joanne Y Yew
- Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Henry Chung
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA; Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA.
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40
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Kawano T, Inokuchi J, Eto M, Murata M, Kang JH. Activators and Inhibitors of Protein Kinase C (PKC): Their Applications in Clinical Trials. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1748. [PMID: 34834162 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinase C (PKC), a family of phospholipid-dependent serine/threonine kinase, is classed into three subfamilies based on their structural and activation characteristics: conventional or classic PKC isozymes (cPKCs; α, βI, βII, and γ), novel or non-classic PKC isozymes (nPKCs; δ, ε, η, and θ), and atypical PKC isozymes (aPKCs; ζ, ι, and λ). PKC inhibitors and activators are used to understand PKC-mediated intracellular signaling pathways and for the diagnosis and treatment of various PKC-associated diseases, such as cancers, neurological diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and infections. Many clinical trials of PKC inhibitors in cancers showed no significant clinical benefits, meaning that there is a limitation to design a cancer therapeutic strategy targeting PKC alone. This review will focus on the activators and inhibitors of PKC and their applications in clinical trials.
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Abstract
Sirtuins use NAD+ to remove various acyl groups from protein lysine residues. Through working on different substrate proteins, they display many biological functions, including regulation of cell proliferation, genome stability, metabolism, and cell migration. There are seven sirtuins in humans, SIRT1-7, each with unique enzymatic activities, regulatory mechanisms, subcellular localizations, and substrate scopes. They have been indicated in many human diseases, including cancer, neurodegeneration, microbial infection, metabolic and autoimmune diseases. Consequently, interests in development of sirtuin modulators have increased in the past decade. In this brief review, we specifically summarize genetic and pharmacological modulations of sirtuins in cancer, neurological, and cardiovascular diseases. We further anticipate this review will be helpful for scrutinizing the significance of sirtuins in the studied diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Young Hong
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Hening Lin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States.,Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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42
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McParland A, Moulton J, Brann C, Hale C, Otis Y, Ganter G. The brinker repressor system regulates injury-induced nociceptive sensitization in Drosophila melanogaster. Mol Pain 2021; 17:17448069211037401. [PMID: 34399634 PMCID: PMC8375337 DOI: 10.1177/17448069211037401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a debilitating condition affecting millions of people worldwide, and an improved understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic pain is urgently needed. Nociceptors are the sensory neurons that alert the nervous system to potentially harmful stimuli such as mechanical pressure or noxious thermal temperature. When an injury occurs, the nociceptive threshold for pain is reduced and an increased pain signal is produced. This process is called nociceptive sensitization. This sensitization normally subsides after the injury is healed. However, dysregulation can occur which results in sensitization that persists after the injury has healed. This process is thought to perpetuate chronic pain. The Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been previously implicated in nociceptive sensitization in response to injury in Drosophila melanogaster. Downstream of Hh signaling, the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway has also been shown to be necessary for this process. Here, we describe a role for nuclear components of BMP’s signaling pathway in the formation of injury-induced nociceptive sensitization. Brinker (Brk), and Schnurri (Shn) were suppressed in nociceptors using an RNA-interference (RNAi) “knockdown” approach. Knockdown of Brk resulted in hypersensitivity in the absence of injury, indicating that it normally acts to suppress nociceptive sensitivity. Animals in which transcriptional activator Shn was knocked down in nociceptors failed to develop normal allodynia after ultraviolet irradiation injury, indicating that Shn normally acts to promote hypersensitivity after injury. These results indicate that Brk-related transcription regulators play a crucial role in the formation of nociceptive sensitization and may therefore represent valuable new targets for pain-relieving medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aidan McParland
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA.,University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Julie Moulton
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Courtney Brann
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA.,College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Christine Hale
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA.,Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME, USA
| | - Yvonne Otis
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
| | - Geoffrey Ganter
- College of Arts and Sciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA.,Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, USA
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43
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Abstract
Sludge-based adsorbent (S-AB) converted by oily sludge can make full use of the precious resource. In this paper, oily sludge and discarded sawdust are used to prepare adsorbent through chemical activation. The adsorbent prepared is used to adsorb raw petroleum. Firstly, the most reasonable chemical activator ZnCl2 is ascertained through parallel comparative experiments. The characterization results of N2-adsorption are consistent with adsorption experiment results, which shows that higher mesopore surface area and volume are benefitted by the adsorption process. Secondly, the optimization of preparation technology is investigated through orthogonal experiments after parallel comparative experiments. The adsorption capacity of S-AB-ZnCl2 is stronger when the preparation conditions are as follows: an activation temperature of 550°C, an activation time of 3.5 h, a solid-liquid ratio of 1:1.5, a sludge-sawdust ratio of 1:0.5 and the heating rate of 15°C/min. The maximum quantity adsorbed Q0 = 434.78 mg/g, calculated through the Langmuir adsorption isothermal models, of S-AB-ZnCl2 prepared under optimized condition is higher than that before optimization. In addition, the most reasonable kinetics fits were of the second-order model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Du
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Feifei Wang
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaokang Li
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Yu
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
| | - Chengtun Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Pollution Control, CNPC Research Institute of Safety and Environmental Technology, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Shaanxi Oil and Gas Pollution Control and Reservoir Protection Key Laboratory, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, People's Republic of China
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44
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Zhang X, Andres SN, Elliot MA. Interplay between Nucleoid-Associated Proteins and Transcription Factors in Controlling Specialized Metabolism in Streptomyces. mBio 2021; 12:e0107721. [PMID: 34311581 DOI: 10.1128/mBio.01077-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Lsr2 is a small nucleoid-associated protein found throughout the actinobacteria. Lsr2 functions similarly to the well-studied H-NS, in that it preferentially binds AT-rich sequences and represses gene expression. In Streptomyces venezuelae, Lsr2 represses the expression of many specialized metabolic clusters, including the chloramphenicol antibiotic biosynthetic gene cluster, and deleting lsr2 leads to significant upregulation of chloramphenicol cluster expression. We show here that Lsr2 likely exerts its repressive effects on the chloramphenicol cluster by polymerizing along the chromosome and by bridging sites within and adjacent to the chloramphenicol cluster. CmlR is a known activator of the chloramphenicol cluster, but expression of its associated gene is not upregulated in an lsr2 mutant strain. We demonstrate that CmlR is essential for chloramphenicol production, and further reveal that CmlR functions to “countersilence” Lsr2’s repressive effects by recruiting RNA polymerase and enhancing transcription, with RNA polymerase effectively clearing bound Lsr2 from the chloramphenicol cluster DNA. Our results provide insight into the interplay between opposing regulatory proteins that govern antibiotic production in S. venezuelae, which could be exploited to maximize the production of bioactive natural products in other systems.
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45
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Yang T, Zhang T, Zhou X, Wang P, Gan J, Song B, Yang S, Yang CG. Dysregulation of ClpP by Small-Molecule Activators Used Against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Infections. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:7545-7553. [PMID: 34218658 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c01470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice bacterial leaf blight caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is considered a destructive plant bacterial disease. The looming crisis of antibiotic resistance necessitates the discovery of antibiotics with new modes of action. Activated caseinolytic protease P (ClpP) can degrade bacterial FtsZ proteins that are essential for cell division; thus, we hypothesized that small-molecule-induced dysregulation of XooClpP may result in degradation of XooFtsZ to treat leaf blight diseases. In this work, we have determined the crystal structures of XooClpP, and its mutant bound with ADEP4, which revealed the action modes of XooClpP assemblies and XooFtsZ degradation by dysregulated XooClpP in the presence of small-molecule activators, such as ONC212 and ADEP4. Additionally, an antibacterial assessment demonstrated that ONC212 displays excellent activity against Xoo and prevents rice bacterial leaf blight in vivo. Thus, these unique antibacterial effects of small-molecule activators of XooClpP represent a potential strategy for the development of agricultural antibiotics by targeting bacterial ClpP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teng Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Pengyu Wang
- The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianhua Gan
- School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Baoan Song
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Song Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Center for R&D of Fine Chemicals, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Cai-Guang Yang
- The Center for Chemical Biology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, UCAS, Hangzhou 310024, China
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46
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Angeli A, Urbański LJ, Hytönen VP, Parkkila S, Supuran CT. Activation of the β-carbonic anhydrase from the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis with amines and amino acids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:758-763. [PMID: 33715570 PMCID: PMC7952076 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1897802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the first activation study of the β-class carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) encoded in the genome of the protozoan pathogen Trichomonas vaginalis, TvaCA1. Among 24 amino acid and amine activators investigated, derivatives incorporating a second carboxylic moiety, such as L-Asp, L- and D-Glu, were devoid of activating effects up to concentrations of 50 µM within the assay system, whereas the corresponding compounds with a CONH2 moiety, i.e. L-Gln and L-Asn showed modest activating effects, with activation constants in the range of 26.9 − 32.5 µM. Moderate activation was observed with L- and D-DOPA, histamine, dopamine, serotonin, (2-Aminoethyl)pyridine/piperazine and morpholine (KA‘s ranging between 8.3 and 14.5 µM), while the best activators were L-and D-Trp, L-and D-Tyr and 4-amino-Phe, which showed KA‘s ranging between 3.0 and 5.1 µM. Understanding in detail the activation mechanism of β-CAs may be relevant for the design of enzyme activity modulators with potential clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Angeli
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Linda J Urbański
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Vesa P Hytönen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Seppo Parkkila
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland.,Fimlab Ltd, Tampere, Finland
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Sezione di Chimica Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
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47
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Siddika A, Hajimohammadi A, Mamun MAA, Alyousef R, Ferdous W. Waste Glass in Cement and Geopolymer Concretes: A Review on Durability and Challenges. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:2071. [PMID: 34202421 DOI: 10.3390/polym13132071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Every year, the world is producing around 100 million tons of waste glass (WG), the majority of them are going to landfills that create massive environmental problems. One approach to solve this problem is to transform waste glass into construction materials. Glass is recyclable; however, the melting temperature of the glass is highly dependent on its colour that requires sorting before recycling. To overcome this challenge, many researchers and end-users are using broken glass in concrete either as a binder or aggregates. While significant investigations have done in this area, however, the outcomes of these studies are scattered, and difficult to reach a firm conclusion about the effectiveness of WG in concrete. In this study, the roles of WG and its impact on microstructural and durability properties for both cement and geopolymer concrete are critically reviewed. This review reveals that the amorphous silica in WG effectively participate to the hydration and geopolymerization process and improve concrete microstructural properties. This behaviour of WG help to produce durable concrete against shrinkage, chemical attack, freeze-thaw action, electrical and thermal insulation properties. The optimum replacement volume of binders or natural aggregates and particle size of WG need to be selected carefully to minimise the possible alkali-silica reaction. This review discusses a wide range of parameters for durability properties and challenges associated with WG concrete, which provides necessary guidelines for best practice with future research directions.
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48
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Liu Y, Wang C, Li J, Zhu J, Zhao C, Xu H. Novel Regulatory Factors and Small-Molecule Inhibitors of FGFR4 in Cancer. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:633453. [PMID: 33981224 PMCID: PMC8107720 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.633453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibroblast growth factor receptor 4 (FGFR4) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is a member of the fibroblast growth factor receptor family and is stimulated by highly regulated ligand binding. Excessive expression of the receptor and its ligand, especially FGF19, occurs in many types of cancer. Abnormal FGFR4 production explains these cancer formations, and therefore, this receptor has emerged as a potential target for inhibiting cancer development. This review discusses the diverse mechanisms of oncogenic activation of FGFR4 and highlights some currently available inhibitors targeting FGFR4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Liu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Canwei Wang
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jifa Li
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiandong Zhu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Chengguang Zhao
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huanhai Xu
- Affiliated Yueqing Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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49
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Liang X, Hou X, Fang H. Structure, Function and Modulation of Striatal-enriched Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (STEP). Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:7714-7728. [PMID: 33845719 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666210412123304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP) is exclusively expressed in the central nervous system and regulates various neuronal signaling factors through the dephosphorylation of different substrates. Dysregulated expression or uncontrollable enzymatic activity of STEP contributes to neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, which makes it a promising pharmaceutical target. Herein, we reviewed the structure and biological functions of STEP, as well as the recent development of small- molecule STEP modulators. We hope this review will provide a reference for the further development of more potent and selective STEP inhibitors for the treatment of nervous system diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Liang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012. China
| | - Xuben Hou
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012. China
| | - Hao Fang
- Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology (Ministry of Education), School of Pharmaceutical Science, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Ji'nan, Shandong 250012. China
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50
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Xiao Z, Peng Y, Zheng B, Chang Q, Guo Y, Chen Z, Li Q, Hu G. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-containing pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinones as a new series of AMPKɑ1β1γ1 activators. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2021; 354:e2000458. [PMID: 33683726 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) plays a key role in maintaining whole-body homeostasis and has been regarded as a therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy (DN). Herein, a series of 1,2,4-oxadiazole-containing pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridinone derivatives is reported as AMPKɑ1β1γ1 activators. The in vitro biological assay demonstrated that compounds 12k (EC50 [AMPKα1γ1β1] = 180 nM) and 13q (EC50 [AMPKα1γ1β1] = 2 nM) displayed significant enzyme activation. Mechanism studies indicated that both compounds reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species in a rat kidney fibroblast cell line (NRK-49F) stimulated by transforming growth factor-β and induced early apoptosis of NRK-49F cells at 10 μM. Molecular docking studies suggested that 13q exhibited critical hydrogen-bond interactions with the critical amino acid residues Lys29, Lys31, Asn111, and Asp88 at the binding site of the AMPK protein. These results enrich the structure pool of AMPK activators and provide novel lead compounds for the subsequent development of compounds with a promising therapeutic potential against DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xiao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yajun Peng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Bifeng Zheng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Chang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yating Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianbin Li
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoyun Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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