1
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Richardson SAC, Anderson D, Burrell AJC, Byrne T, Coull J, Diehl A, Gantner D, Hoffman K, Hooper A, Hopkins S, Ihle J, Joyce P, Le Guen M, Mahony E, McGloughlin S, Nehme Z, Nickson CP, Nixon P, Orosz J, Riley B, Sheldrake J, Stub D, Thornton M, Udy A, Pellegrino V, Bernard S. Pre-hospital ECPR in an Australian metropolitan setting: a single-arm feasibility assessment-The CPR, pre-hospital ECPR and early reperfusion (CHEER3) study. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2023; 31:100. [PMID: 38093335 PMCID: PMC10717258 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-023-01163-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survival from refractory out of hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) without timely return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) utilising conventional advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) therapies is dismal. CHEER3 was a safety and feasibility study of pre-hospital deployed extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) for refractory OHCA in metropolitan Australia. METHODS This was a single jurisdiction, single-arm feasibility study. Physicians, with pre-existing ECMO expertise, responded to witnessed OHCA, age < 65 yrs, within 30 min driving-time, using an ECMO equipped rapid response vehicle. If pre-hospital ECPR was undertaken, patients were transported to hospital for investigations and therapies including emergent coronary catheterisation, and standard intensive care (ICU) therapy until either cardiac and neurological recovery or palliation occurred. Analyses were descriptive. RESULTS From February 2020 to May 2023, over 117 days, the team responded to 709 "potential cardiac arrest" emergency calls. 358 were confirmed OHCA. Time from emergency call to scene arrival was 27 min (15-37 min). 10 patients fulfilled the pre-defined inclusion criteria and all were successfully cannulated on scene. Time from emergency call to ECMO initiation was 50 min (35-62 min). Time from decision to ECMO support was 16 min (11-26 min). CPR duration was 46 min (32-62 min). All 10 patients were transferred to hospital for investigations and therapy. 4 patients (40%) survived to hospital discharge neurologically intact (CPC 1/2). CONCLUSION Pre-hospital ECPR was feasible, using an experienced ECMO team from a single-centre. Overall survival was promising in this highly selected group. Further prospective studies are now warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A C Richardson
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - D Anderson
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Paramedicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A J C Burrell
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - T Byrne
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Coull
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Diehl
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - D Gantner
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Hoffman
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Hooper
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Hopkins
- Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Ihle
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Joyce
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Le Guen
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - E Mahony
- Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S McGloughlin
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Z Nehme
- Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C P Nickson
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Nixon
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Orosz
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - B Riley
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - D Stub
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M Thornton
- Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A Udy
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - V Pellegrino
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - S Bernard
- The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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2
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Gong GQ, Bilanges B, Allsop B, Masson GR, Roberton V, Askwith T, Oxenford S, Madsen RR, Conduit SE, Bellini D, Fitzek M, Collier M, Najam O, He Z, Wahab B, McLaughlin SH, Chan AWE, Feierberg I, Madin A, Morelli D, Bhamra A, Vinciauskaite V, Anderson KE, Surinova S, Pinotsis N, Lopez-Guadamillas E, Wilcox M, Hooper A, Patel C, Whitehead MA, Bunney TD, Stephens LR, Hawkins PT, Katan M, Yellon DM, Davidson SM, Smith DM, Phillips JB, Angell R, Williams RL, Vanhaesebroeck B. A small-molecule PI3Kα activator for cardioprotection and neuroregeneration. Nature 2023; 618:159-168. [PMID: 37225977 PMCID: PMC7614683 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05972-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing the potential beneficial effects of kinase signalling through the generation of direct kinase activators remains an underexplored area of drug development1-5. This also applies to the PI3K signalling pathway, which has been extensively targeted by inhibitors for conditions with PI3K overactivation, such as cancer and immune dysregulation. Here we report the discovery of UCL-TRO-1938 (referred to as 1938 hereon), a small-molecule activator of the PI3Kα isoform, a crucial effector of growth factor signalling. 1938 allosterically activates PI3Kα through a distinct mechanism by enhancing multiple steps of the PI3Kα catalytic cycle and causes both local and global conformational changes in the PI3Kα structure. This compound is selective for PI3Kα over other PI3K isoforms and multiple protein and lipid kinases. It transiently activates PI3K signalling in all rodent and human cells tested, resulting in cellular responses such as proliferation and neurite outgrowth. In rodent models, acute treatment with 1938 provides cardioprotection from ischaemia-reperfusion injury and, after local administration, enhances nerve regeneration following nerve crush. This study identifies a chemical tool to directly probe the PI3Kα signalling pathway and a new approach to modulate PI3K activity, widening the therapeutic potential of targeting these enzymes through short-term activation for tissue protection and regeneration. Our findings illustrate the potential of activating kinases for therapeutic benefit, a currently largely untapped area of drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Q Gong
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Benoit Bilanges
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Allsop
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Glenn R Masson
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Victoria Roberton
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Trevor Askwith
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sally Oxenford
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ralitsa R Madsen
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sarah E Conduit
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Dom Bellini
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martina Fitzek
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Matt Collier
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Osman Najam
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Zhenhe He
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Wahab
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | | | - A W Edith Chan
- Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Andrew Madin
- Hit Discovery, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniele Morelli
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Amandeep Bhamra
- Proteomics Research Translational Technology Platform, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Vanesa Vinciauskaite
- Division of Cellular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Silvia Surinova
- Proteomics Research Translational Technology Platform, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Nikos Pinotsis
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | | | - Matthew Wilcox
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alice Hooper
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Chandni Patel
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
| | - Maria A Whitehead
- Cell Signalling, Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Tom D Bunney
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | | | | | - Matilda Katan
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Division of Biosciences, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, London, UK
| | - David M Smith
- Emerging Innovations, Discovery Sciences, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - James B Phillips
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, London, UK
| | - Richard Angell
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London, London, UK
- Medicines Discovery Institute, School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Roger L Williams
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Hooper A, Macdonald JD, Reilly B, Maw J, Wirrick AP, Han SH, Lindsey AA, Rico EG, Romigh T, Goins CM, Wang NS, Stauffer S. SARS-CoV-2 3CL-protease inhibitors derived from ML300: investigation of P1 and replacements of the 1,2,3-benzotriazole. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2880312. [PMID: 37214977 PMCID: PMC10197776 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2880312/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Starting from compound 5 (CCF0058981), a structure-based optimization of the P1 subsite was performed against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (3CLpro). Inhibitor 5 and the compounds disclosed bind to 3CLpro using a non-covalent mode of action that utilize a His163 H-bond interaction in the S1 subpocket. In an effort to examine more structurally diverse P1 groups a number of azoles and heterocycles were designed. Several azole ring systems and replacements, including C-linked azoles, with similar or enhanced potency relative to 5 were discovered (28, 29, and 30) with demonstrated IC50 values less than 100 nM. In addition, pyridyl and isoquinoline P1 groups were successful as P1 replacements leading to 3-methyl pyridyl 36 (IC50 = 85 nM) and isoquinoline 27 (IC50 = 26 nM). High resolution X-ray crystal structures of these inhibitors were utilized to confirm binding orientation and guide optimization. These findings have implications towards antiviral development and preparedness to combat SARS-like zoonotic coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joshua Maw
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute
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4
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Han SH, Goins CM, Arya T, Shin WJ, Maw J, Hooper A, Sonawane DP, Porter MR, Bannister BE, Crouch RD, Lindsey AA, Lakatos G, Martinez SR, Alvarado J, Akers WS, Wang NS, Jung JU, Macdonald JD, Stauffer SR. Structure-Based Optimization of ML300-Derived, Noncovalent Inhibitors Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3CL Protease (SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro). J Med Chem 2022; 65:2880-2904. [PMID: 34347470 PMCID: PMC8353992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the MLPCN probe compound ML300, a structure-based optimization campaign was initiated against the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (3CLpro). X-ray structures of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro enzymes in complex with multiple ML300-based inhibitors, including the original probe ML300, were obtained and proved instrumental in guiding chemistry toward probe compound 41 (CCF0058981). The disclosed inhibitors utilize a noncovalent mode of action and complex in a noncanonical binding mode not observed by peptidic 3CLpro inhibitors. In vitro DMPK profiling highlights key areas where further optimization in the series is required to obtain useful in vivo probes. Antiviral activity was established using a SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cell viability assay and a plaque formation assay. Compound 41 demonstrates nanomolar activity in these respective assays, comparable in potency to remdesivir. These findings have implications for antiviral development to combat current and future SARS-like zoonotic coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Han
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Christopher M. Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tarun Arya
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research & Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA
| | - Joshua Maw
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Alice Hooper
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dhiraj P. Sonawane
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Matthew R. Porter
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Breyanne E. Bannister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Rachel D. Crouch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - A. Abigail Lindsey
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gabriella Lakatos
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Steven R. Martinez
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Joseph Alvarado
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Wendell S. Akers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Nancy S. Wang
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Center for Global and Emerging Pathogens Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Macdonald
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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5
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Drewry DH, Wells CI, Andrews DM, Angell R, Al-Ali H, Axtman AD, Capuzzi SJ, Elkins JM, Ettmayer P, Frederiksen M, Gileadi O, Gray N, Hooper A, Knapp S, Laufer S, Luecking U, Michaelides M, Müller S, Muratov E, Denny RA, Saikatendu KS, Treiber DK, Zuercher WJ, Willson TM. Progress towards a public chemogenomic set for protein kinases and a call for contributions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181585. [PMID: 28767711 PMCID: PMC5540273 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases are highly tractable targets for drug discovery. However, the biological function and therapeutic potential of the majority of the 500+ human protein kinases remains unknown. We have developed physical and virtual collections of small molecule inhibitors, which we call chemogenomic sets, that are designed to inhibit the catalytic function of almost half the human protein kinases. In this manuscript we share our progress towards generation of a comprehensive kinase chemogenomic set (KCGS), release kinome profiling data of a large inhibitor set (Published Kinase Inhibitor Set 2 (PKIS2)), and outline a process through which the community can openly collaborate to create a KCGS that probes the full complement of human protein kinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H. Drewry
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carrow I. Wells
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - David M. Andrews
- AstraZeneca, Darwin Building, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Angell
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hassan Al-Ali
- Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- Peggy and Harold Katz Family Drug Discovery Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, United States of America
| | - Alison D. Axtman
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Stephen J. Capuzzi
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Jonathan M. Elkins
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Universidade Estadual de Campinas—UNICAMP, Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Mathias Frederiksen
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, Novartis Campus, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Opher Gileadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium and Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nathanael Gray
- Harvard Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana−Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Alice Hooper
- Drug Discovery Group, Translational Research Office, University College London School of Pharmacy, 29–39 Brunswick Square, London, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan Knapp
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Stefan Laufer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 8, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulrich Luecking
- Bayer Pharma AG, Drug Discovery, Müllerstrasse 178, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Michaelides
- Oncology Chemistry, AbbVie, 1 North Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Susanne Müller
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, and Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe University Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue-Straße 15, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Eugene Muratov
- Laboratory for Molecular Modeling, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - R. Aldrin Denny
- Worldwide Medicinal Chemistry, Pfizer Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kumar S. Saikatendu
- Global Research Externalization, Takeda California, Inc., 10410 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - William J. Zuercher
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Timothy M. Willson
- Structural Genomics Consortium, UNC Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
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6
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Fuchs T, Jefferson SJ, Hooper A, Yee PHP, Maguire J, Luscher B. Disinhibition of somatostatin-positive interneurons by deletion of postsynaptic GABA A receptors. Mol Psychiatry 2017; 22:787. [PMID: 28529315 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Fuchs
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - S J Jefferson
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - A Hooper
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P-H P Yee
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
| | - J Maguire
- Department of Neuroscience, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - B Luscher
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.,Department of Biochemistry &Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA.,Center for Molecular Investigation of Neurological Disorders (CMIND), Pennsylvania State University, University Park, State College, PA, USA
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Pang J, Hooper A, Bell D, Burnett J, Watts G. Lipoprotein(a) Adjustment Enhances the Diagnosis of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Ellis K, Pang J, Bell D, Hooper A, Burnett J, Watts G. Systematic Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia and Elevated Lp(a) in Families. Heart Lung Circ 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2017.06.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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9
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Ellis K, Pang J, Chan D, Hooper A, Bell D, Burnett J, Watts G. The prevalence of familial hyperlipidaemia and hyper-lipoprotein(a) in mutation-negative familial hypercholesterolaemia and associations with cardiovascular events. Atherosclerosis 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.07.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hooper A, Zambon A, Springer CJ. A novel protocol for the one-pot borylation/Suzuki reaction provides easy access to hinge-binding groups for kinase inhibitors. Org Biomol Chem 2016; 14:963-9. [PMID: 26620576 PMCID: PMC4718143 DOI: 10.1039/c5ob01915j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This new microwave-assisted method provides a quick one-pot borylation/Suzuki protocol that does not require additional ligands nor double loading of catalyst.
The one-pot borylation/Suzuki reaction is a very efficient means of accessing cross-coupling products of two aryl-halide partners that generally requires the use of specific catalysts or ligands and/or relatively long reaction times. This new microwave-assisted method provides a quick one-pot borylation/Suzuki reaction protocol that we applied to the synthesis of various bi- or poly-aryl scaffolds, including a variety of aryl and heteroaryl ring systems and the core frameworks of kinase inhibitors vemurafenib and GDC-0879.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hooper
- The Institute of Cancer Research, Cancer Research UK Cancer Therapeutics Unit, Division of Cancer Therapeutics, 15 Cotswold Road, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5NG, UK.
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11
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Bell D, Hooper A, Edwards G, Southwell L, Pang J, van Bockxmeer F, Watts G, Burnett J. Impact of Telephoning the Requestors of Individuals Found to be at High Risk of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Bell D, Edwards G, Hooper A, McMahon J, van Bockxmeer F, Watts G, Burnett J. Using an Expert Computer System to Augment the Detection of Familial Hypercholesterolaemia in a Community Laboratory. Heart Lung Circ 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2013.05.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bell D, Hooper A, Bender R, McMahon J, Edwards G, van Bockxmeer F, Watts G, Burnett J. Opportunistic Screening for Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Via a Community Laboratory. Heart Lung Circ 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2012.05.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Hooper A, Mantiri G, Marais A, Tanyanyiwa D, McKnight C, Burnett J. A Novel Non-truncating Mutation in APOB, V925l, Causes Familial Hypobetalipoproteinaemia. Heart Lung Circ 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2010.06.556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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15
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Hooper A, Segall P, Zebker H. Persistent scatterer interferometric synthetic aperture radar for crustal deformation analysis, with application to Volcán Alcedo, Galápagos. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jb004763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 619] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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16
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Bezerra P, Zhou S, Davie A, Fuller H, Hooper A. Validation of an MRI analysis for thigh muscle and fat composition changes in strength training. J Sci Med Sport 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsams.2006.12.099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Brown R, Orchard J, Kinchington M, Hooper A, Nalder G. Aprotinin in the management of Achilles tendinopathy: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Sports Med 2006; 40:275-9. [PMID: 16505089 PMCID: PMC2491994 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2005.021931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2005] [Revised: 09/14/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Achilles tendinopathy is a common condition, which can become chronic and interfere with athletic performance. The proteinase inhibitor aprotinin (as injection) has been found to improve recovery in patellar tendinopathy (evidence level 1b) and Achilles tendinopathy. Internationally this therapy is being used based on this limited knowledge base. AIM To evaluate whether aprotinin injections decrease time to recovery in Achilles tendinopathy. METHOD A prospective, randomised, double blind, placebo controlled trial was performed comparing saline (0.9%) plus local anaesthetic injections and eccentric exercises with aprotinin (30,000 kIU) plus local anaesthetic injection and eccentric exercise. Three injections were given, each a week apart. In total, 26 patients, with 33 affected tendons, were enrolled for this study. RESULTS At no follow up point (2, 4, 12, or 52 weeks) was there any statistically significant difference between the treatment group and placebo. This included VISA-A scores and secondary outcome measures. However, a trend for improvement over placebo was noted. CONCLUSION In this study on Achilles tendinopathy, aprotinin was not shown to offer any statistically significant benefit over placebo. Larger multicentre trials are needed to evaluate the efficacy of aprotinin in Achilles tendinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Brown
- South Sydney Sports Medicine Centre, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Conning S, Hooper A, Turner M. Educating tomorrow's doctors for today's world: introducing a new diversity course for year 2 medical students in a community-based setting. Med Educ 2001; 35:1077-1078. [PMID: 11715964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Conning
- Guy's, King's and St Thomas' School of Medicine, Community-based Undergraduate Programmes, Department of General Practice, London, UK
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Liao F, Li Y, O'Connor W, Zanetta L, Bassi R, Santiago A, Overholser J, Hooper A, Mignatti P, Dejana E, Hicklin DJ, Bohlen P. Monoclonal antibody to vascular endothelial-cadherin is a potent inhibitor of angiogenesis, tumor growth, and metastasis. Cancer Res 2000; 60:6805-10. [PMID: 11156369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial-cadherin (VE-cad) is an endothelial cell-specific adhesion molecule that is crucial for proper assembly of vascular tubes. Here we show that a monoclonal antibody (BV13) directed to the extracellular region of VE-cad inhibits formation of adherens junctions and capillary-like structures by endothelial cells and blocks angiogenesis in the mouse cornea and in Matrigel plugs in vivo. Systemic administration of BV13 markedly decreases the growth of s.c. Lewis lung or human A431 epidermoid tumors and strongly suppresses the growth of Lewis lung metastases. These data demonstrate that VE-cad is essential for postnatal angiogenesis and thus validate VE-cad as a novel target for antiangiogenesis agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Liao
- Department of Immunology, ImClone Systems Incorporated, New York, New York 10014, USA
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20
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Hooper A, McColl I. Mercy killing in the new millennium. Med Sci Law 2000; 40:189-196. [PMID: 10976180 DOI: 10.1177/002580240004000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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21
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Prewett M, Huber J, Li Y, Santiago A, O'Connor W, King K, Overholser J, Hooper A, Pytowski B, Witte L, Bohlen P, Hicklin DJ. Antivascular endothelial growth factor receptor (fetal liver kinase 1) monoclonal antibody inhibits tumor angiogenesis and growth of several mouse and human tumors. Cancer Res 1999; 59:5209-18. [PMID: 10537299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is mediated by tumor-secreted angiogenic growth factors that interact with their surface receptors expressed on endothelial cells. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptor [fetal liver kinase 1 (Flk-1)/kinase insert domain-containing receptor] play an important role in vascular permeability and tumor angiogenesis. Previously, we reported on the development of anti-Flk-1 and antikinase insert domain-containing receptor monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that potently inhibit VEGF binding and receptor signaling. Here, we report the effect of anti-Flk-1 mAb (DC101) on angiogenesis and tumor growth. Angiogenesis in vivo was examined using a growth factor supplemented (basic fibroblast growth factor + VEGF) Matrigel plug and an alginate-encapsulated tumor cell (Lewis lung) assay in C57BL/6 mice. Systemic administration of DC101 every 3 days markedly reduced neovascularization of Matrigel plugs and tumor-containing alginate beads in a dose-dependent fashion. Histological analysis of Matrigel plugs showed reduced numbers of endothelial cells and vessel structures. Several mouse tumors and human tumor xenografts in athymic mice were used to examine the effect of anti-Flk-1 mAb treatment on tumor angiogenesis and growth. Anti-Flk-1 mAb treatment significantly suppressed the growth of primary murine Lewis lung, 4T1 mammary, and B16 melanoma tumors and growth of Lewis lung metastases. DC101 also completely inhibited the growth of established epidermoid, glioblastoma, pancreatic, and renal human tumor xenografts. Histological examination of anti-Flk-1 mAb-treated tumors showed evidence of decreased microvessel density, tumor cell apoptosis, decreased tumor cell proliferation, and extensive tumor necrosis. These findings support the conclusion that anti-Flk-1 mAb treatment inhibits tumor growth by suppression of tumor-induced neovascularization and demonstrate the potential for therapeutic application of anti-VEGF receptor antibody in the treatment of angiogenesis-dependent tumors.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis
- Female
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Necrosis
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Neoplasms, Experimental/blood supply
- Neoplasms, Experimental/pathology
- Neoplasms, Experimental/therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/prevention & control
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- M Prewett
- Department of Immunology, ImClone Systems Inc., New York, New York 10014, USA
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Zagzag D, Hooper A, Friedlander DR, Chan W, Holash J, Wiegand SJ, Yancopoulos GD, Grumet M. In situ expression of angiopoietins in astrocytomas identifies angiopoietin-2 as an early marker of tumor angiogenesis. Exp Neurol 1999; 159:391-400. [PMID: 10506510 DOI: 10.1006/exnr.1999.7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and its naturally occurring antagonist angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are novel ligands that regulate tyrosine phosphorylation of the Tie2/Tek receptor on endothelial cells. Proper regulation of Tie2/Tek is absolutely required for normal vascular development, seemingly by regulating vascular remodeling and endothelial cell interactions with supporting pericytes/smooth muscle cells. We investigated the expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2 in human astrocytomas by in situ hybridization and compared them to the distribution of pericytes/smooth muscle cells by immunohistochemistry for alpha-smooth muscle actin (SMA). Ang-1 mRNA was localized in tumor cells and Ang-2 mRNA was detected in endothelial cells of hyperplastic and nonhyperplastic tumor vessels. Ang-2 was also expressed in partially sclerotic vessels and in vascular channels surrounded by tumor cells in brain adjacent to the tumor. Neither Ang-1 nor Ang-2 was detected in normal brain. Dynamic changes in SMA expression during glioma tumorigenesis appear to progress from fragmentation in early vascular hyperplasia to subsequent reassociation and enhanced expression in later stages of vascular proliferation in hyperplastic complexes in high-grade gliomas. All these vessels displaying dynamic changes in SMA immunoreactivity also expressed Ang-2 mRNA. Moreover, SMA immunoreactive intratumoral vascular channels lacking morphological evidence of hyperplasia also showed upregulation of Ang-2. These results suggest that angiopoietins are involved in the early stage of vascular activation and in advanced angiogenesis, and they identify Ang-2 as an early marker of glioma-induced neovascularization. The association between Ang-2 expression and alterations in SMA immunoreactivity suggests a role for Ang-2 in tumor-associated activation of pericytes/smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Zagzag
- Division of Neuropathology, New York University Medical Center, New York, New York, 10016, USA
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Hooper A, Fisher GL, Konstadinidis K, Jung D, Nguyen H, Opila R, Collins RW, Winograd N, Allara DL. Chemical Effects of Methyl and Methyl Ester Groups on the Nucleation and Growth of Vapor-Deposited Aluminum Films. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9835234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A. Hooper
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 and Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - G. L. Fisher
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 and Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - K. Konstadinidis
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 and Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - D. Jung
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 and Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - H. Nguyen
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 and Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. Opila
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 and Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - R. W. Collins
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 and Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - N. Winograd
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 and Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
| | - D. L. Allara
- Contribution from the Departments of Chemistry and Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 and Bell Labs, Lucent Technologies, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974
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de la Puente R, Boutin RD, Theodorou DJ, Hooper A, Schweitzer M, Resnick D. Post-traumatic and stress-induced osteolysis of the distal clavicle: MR imaging findings in 17 patients. Skeletal Radiol 1999; 28:202-8. [PMID: 10384990 DOI: 10.1007/s002560050501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the MR imaging findings in patients with osteolysis of the distal clavicle and to compare the MR imaging appearance of clavicular osteolysis following acute injury with that related to chronic stress. DESIGN AND PATIENTS MR imaging examinations were reviewed in 17 patients (14 men, 3 women; ages 16-55 years) with the diagnosis of post-traumatic or stress-induced osteolysis of the clavicle. A history of a single direct injury was present in seven patients and a history of weight-lifting, participation in sports, or repetitive microtrauma was present in 10 patients. RESULTS MR imaging showed edema in the distal clavicle in 17 patients and, of these, eight also had edema in the acromion. The edema was most evident in STIR and fat-suppressed T2-weighted pulse sequences. Other findings about the acromioclavicular (AC) joint were prominence of the joint capsule in 14, joint fluid in eight, cortical irregularity in 12, and bone fragmentation in six patients. No differences in the MR imaging features of post-traumatic and stress-induced osteolysis of the distal clavicle were observed. CONCLUSION Post-traumatic and stress-induced osteolysis of the distal clavicle have similar appearances on MR imaging, the most common and conspicuous MR imaging feature being increased T2 signal intensity in the distal clavicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- R de la Puente
- Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 92161, USA
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Abstract
Although there is extensive information on the disease aspect of heart failure (HF) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the illness aspect of these diseases has received limited attention. This limitation in our knowledge is of concern because these diseases are increasing in incidence and prevalence and contributing to the premature morbidity and mortality of thousands of persons. This naturalistic inquiry study was undertaken to describe the explanatory models (EMs) of persons hospitalized for HF (n = 30) or COPD (n = 30) exacerbations. In semistructured interviews, participants offered descriptions of the etiology, cause, and effects of their disease exacerbations and identified interventions that they believed would have helped prevent their hospitalizations or helped them to live better at home. The findings provide a basis for understanding the EMs of persons with HF or COPD as an initial step in making health care more relevant.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Russell
- University of Tennessee-Memphis, Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, USA
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Pappa H, Li H, Sundaramoorthy M, Arciero D, Hooper A, Poulos TL. Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of cytochrome c553 peroxidase from Nitrosomonas europaea. J Struct Biol 1996; 116:429-31. [PMID: 8813001 DOI: 10.1006/jsbi.1996.0060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The di-heme peroxidase (cytochrome c553 peroxidase) from Nitrosomonas europaea has been crystallized in a form suitable for high-resolution X-ray structure determination. A complete data set was obtained to 2.5A and the data were indexed in space group P2(1) with a = 88.79 A, b = 55.93 A, c = 144.37 A, beta = 103.87 degrees. The self-rotation function indicates one homodimer per asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California at Irvine 92717, USA
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Subramaniam P, Bhatnagar R, Hooper A, Jensen RA. The dynamic progression of evolved character states for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in gram-negative bacteria. Microbiology (Reading) 1994; 140 ( Pt 12):3431-40. [PMID: 7533594 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-140-12-3431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A systematic analysis of the evolution of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the Proteobacteria, previously focussed mainly upon the gamma subdivision, has now been extended to the beta subdivision. Five lineages were studied, represented by Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Nitrosomonas europaea, Alcaligenes faecalis, rRNA Group-III pseudomonads/Rubrivivax gelatinosus, and rRNA Group-II pseudomonads/Rhodocyclus tenuis. Within the phenylalanine pathway, the bifunctional P-protein (chorismate mutase/prephenate dehydratase) was present in each lineage and must have evolved in a common ancestor of the beta and gamma subdivisions. Each P-protein was found to be subject to activation by L-tyrosine, and to feedback inhibition by L-phenylalanine. Phenylalanine-inhibited (DS-phe) and tyrosine-inhibited (DS-tyr) isoenzymes of 3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase probably existed in the common beta-subdivision ancestor, with DS-tyr being lost in N. gonorrhoeae and A. faecalis. The participation of DS-phe in a dissociable multienzyme complex with one or more other common-pathway enzymes is known to exist in N. gonorrhoeae. The same complex is indicated by two peaks of DS-phe seen in chromatographic profiles of Group-III pseudomonads and A. faecalis. It is concluded that the contemporary DS-phe species present in subdivision gamma and beta must have had independent origins. Tyrosine biosynthesis was found to be quite diverse within the beta subdivision. Nit. europaea possessed an arogenate dehydrogenase which was specific for NADP+. In all other lineages, a broad-specificity cyclohexadienyl dehydrogenase (CHD) was present. In N. gonorrhoeae the CDH was specific for NAD+ while the remaining CDH species could utilize either NAD+ or NADP+. Only the CDH species within the rRNA Group-II pseudomonad/R. tenuis lineage was feedback-inhibited by L-tyrosine, and this correlated with an allosteric pattern where activation of the prephenate dehydratase component of the P-protein by L-tyrosine was relatively poor. However, the CDH enzyme present in N. gonorrhoeae and A. faecalis was subject to inhibition by 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate, this being competitive with respect to the cyclohexadienyl substrate. The monofunctional species of chorismate mutase (CM-F) and cyclohexadienyl dehydratase, widely distributed among the gamma-subdivision assemblage and recently shown to be periplasmic enzymes, were demonstrated in Pseudomonas pickettii, a member of rRNA homology Group-II.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Subramaniam
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville 32611
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O'Connor G, Hooper A, Beck L, Lari J. Hirschsprung's disease and ocular autonomic nerve function. Am J Dis Child 1989; 143:1137. [PMID: 2801651 DOI: 10.1001/archpedi.1989.02150220025012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Bray TJ, Smith-Hoefer E, Hooper A, Timmerman L. The displaced femoral neck fracture. Internal fixation versus bipolar endoprosthesis. Results of a prospective, randomized comparison. Clin Orthop Relat Res 1988:127-40. [PMID: 3365885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The displaced femoral neck fracture poses difficult decision-making issues for the orthopedic surgeon. Young patients frequently require a rapid open reduction and rigid internal fixation in the face of multiple associated injuries. Elderly patients present the typical decision dilemma of internal fixation versus arthroplasty. Consecutive, randomized, prospective series of cases for evaluation of alternatives in the treatment of this difficult fracture are lacking. Between 1982 and 1984, 34 elderly patients with displaced femoral neck fractures were randomized to open reduction or hemiarthroplasty study groups. Although the surgical risks are relatively high, two-year observations showed better functional results in the cemented hemiarthroplasty group.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Bray
- University of California, Davis Medical Center, Sacramento
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Hooper A. In praise of decentralisation. Nurs Times 1987; 83:60-2. [PMID: 3684681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
SummaryMaternity histories from residents of a Pacific Island society, Tokelau, and migrants to New Zealand, are analysed using life table techniques. Inter-cohort differentials in patterns of family formation were found in the total Tokelau-origin population. The process of accelerated timing and spacing of pregnancies was more pronounced among migrants who tended to marry later, be pregnant at marriage, have shorter inter-pregnancy intervals at lower parities and to show evidence of family limitation occurring at higher parities. These results point to the significance of changing patterns of social control on strategies of family building.
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Hooper A. Coping with the stress of change. Nurs Stand (1984) 1986:5. [PMID: 3641084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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Abstract
A number of experimental methods of reconstructing prehistoric hand images like those in the cave of Gargas, France, are described and assessed. The results of experiments using these methods are evaluated from the point of view of the bearing they have on our knowledge about the creation of the original pictures in the cave.
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Gabel RA, Hooper A, Marseglia JJ, Farese G. Calculation and correction of blood-gas and acid-base variables with a versatile computer program. Anesth Analg 1981; 60:889-96. [PMID: 6797327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Salvador RA, Czyzewski LB, Baruth H, Hooper A, Medford A, Miller D, van Trabert T, Yaremko B, Welton AF. Ro 21-7634, a new antiallergic agent with potent oral activity. Agents Actions 1981; 11:339-44. [PMID: 7025596 DOI: 10.1007/bf01982469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Ro 21-7634 was examined for oral antiallergic activity in two in vivo models commonly used to evaluate antiallergics. In the rat PCA test, this drug had an oral ID50 of 1.14 mg/kg and was found to be more potent than several other antiallergics including Disodium Cromoglycate (cromoglycate), Oxatomide, Doxanthrazole, Xanoxate, 2,6-bis (ethyoxyoxalylamino) pyridine, PRD-92-EA and M + B 22,948. In contrast to cromoglycate, Ro 21-7634 was found to be an orally active inhibitor of antigen-induced broncho-constriction in passively sensitized rats (ID50 = 0.2 mg/kg). In addition, Ro 21-7634 inhibited antigen-induced histamine release in an in vivo passive peritoneal anaphylaxis test system, following intraperitoneal administration. Ro 21-7634 demonstrated no end organ antagonism toward histamine, metacholine or serotonin in the guinea pig.
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Abstract
This paper amends and adds recent information to Paul A. Janssens' earlier article on the prehistoric paintings of human hands in the cave of Gargas, France.1 Possible diagnoses for the deficiencies found in many of the hand pictures, and some non-medical theories of explanation, are reviewed. It is concluded that the hands used as stencils were mutilated and that the images were deliberately placed within the cave and were not the by-products of some other activity.
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Beaglehole R, Salmond CE, Hooper A, Huntsman J, Stanhope JM, Cassel JC, Prior IA. Blood pressure and social interaction in Tokelauan migrants in New Zealand. J Chronic Dis 1977; 30:803-12. [PMID: 591607 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9681(77)90008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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