1
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Fu SK, Cheng LP. Discovery andsynthesis of novel benzoylhydrazone neuraminidase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2024; 105:129743. [PMID: 38608962 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2024.129743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Neuraminidase (NA) serves as a promising target for the exploration and development of anti-influenza drugs. In this work, lead compound 5 was discovered through pharmacophore-based virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulation, and 14 new compounds were obtained by modifying the lead compound 5 based on pharmacophore features. The biological activity test shows that 5n (IC50 = 0.13 μM) has a better inhibitory effect on wild-type NA (H5N1), while 5i (IC50 = 0.44 μM) has a prominent inhibitory effect on mutant NA (H5N1-H274Y), both of them are better than the positive control oseltamivir carboxylate (OSC). The analysis of docking results indicate that the good activities of compounds 5n and 5i may be attributed to the thiophene ring in 5n can stretch into the 150-cavity of NA, whereas the thiophene moiety in 5i can extend to the 430-cavity of NA. The findings of this study may be helpful for the discovery of new NA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi Kai Fu
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Li Ping Cheng
- School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai 201418, China.
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2
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Wazir S, Parviainen TAO, Pfannenstiel JJ, Duong MTH, Cluff D, Sowa ST, Galera-Prat A, Ferraris D, Maksimainen MM, Fehr AR, Heiskanen JP, Lehtiö L. Discovery of 2-Amide-3-methylester Thiophenes that Target SARS-CoV-2 Mac1 and Repress Coronavirus Replication, Validating Mac1 as an Antiviral Target. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6519-6536. [PMID: 38592023 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has made it clear that further development of antiviral therapies will be needed. Here, we describe small-molecule inhibitors for SARS-CoV-2 Mac1, which counters ADP-ribosylation-mediated innate immune responses. Three high-throughput screening hits had the same 2-amide-3-methylester thiophene scaffold. We studied the compound binding mode using X-ray crystallography, allowing us to design analogues. Compound 27 (MDOLL-0229) had an IC50 of 2.1 μM and was selective for CoV Mac1 proteins after profiling for activity against a panel of viral and human proteins. The improved potency allowed testing of its effect on virus replication, and indeed, 27 inhibited replication of both murine hepatitis virus (MHV) prototypes CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Sequencing of a drug-resistant MHV identified mutations in Mac1, further demonstrating the specificity of 27. Compound 27 is the first Mac1-targeted small molecule demonstrated to inhibit coronavirus replication in a cell model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Wazir
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Tomi A O Parviainen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Jessica J Pfannenstiel
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Men Thi Hoai Duong
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Daniel Cluff
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Sven T Sowa
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Albert Galera-Prat
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Dana Ferraris
- McDaniel College Department of Chemistry, 2 College Hill, Westminster, Maryland 21157, United States
| | - Mirko M Maksimainen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
| | - Anthony R Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, United States
| | - Juha P Heiskanen
- Research Unit of Sustainable Chemistry, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Lari Lehtiö
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, 90220 Oulu, Finland
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3
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Alugubelli YR, Xiao J, Khatua K, Kumar S, Sun L, Ma Y, Ma XR, Vulupala VR, Atla S, Blankenship LR, Coleman D, Xie X, Neuman BW, Liu WR, Xu S. Discovery of First-in-Class PROTAC Degraders of SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6495-6507. [PMID: 38608245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
We have witnessed three coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks in the past two decades, including the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Main protease (MPro), a highly conserved protease among various CoVs, is essential for viral replication and pathogenesis, making it a prime target for antiviral drug development. Here, we leverage proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology to develop a new class of small-molecule antivirals that induce the degradation of SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Among them, MPD2 was demonstrated to effectively reduce MPro protein levels in 293T cells, relying on a time-dependent, CRBN-mediated, and proteasome-driven mechanism. Furthermore, MPD2 exhibited remarkable efficacy in diminishing MPro protein levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected A549-ACE2 cells. MPD2 also displayed potent antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2 strains and exhibited enhanced potency against nirmatrelvir-resistant viruses. Overall, this proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of targeted protein degradation of MPro as an innovative approach for developing antivirals that could fight against drug-resistant viral variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugendar R Alugubelli
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Jing Xiao
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Kaustav Khatua
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sathish Kumar
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Long Sun
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Yuying Ma
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xinyu R Ma
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Veerabhadra R Vulupala
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Sandeep Atla
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Lauren R Blankenship
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Demonta Coleman
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555, United States
| | - Benjamin W Neuman
- Department of Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Texas A&M Global Health Research Complex, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Wenshe Ray Liu
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Institute of Biosciences and Technology and Department of Translational Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Medicine, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Shiqing Xu
- Texas A&M Drug Discovery Center, Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Irma Lerma Rangel College of Pharmacy, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, United States
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4
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Kovalishyn V, Severin O, Kachaeva M, Kobzar O, Keith KA, Harden EA, Hartline CB, James SH, Vovk A, Brovarets V. In Silico Design and Experimental Validation of Novel Oxazole Derivatives Against Varicella zoster virus. Mol Biotechnol 2024; 66:707-717. [PMID: 36709460 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-023-00670-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Varicella zoster virus (VZV) infection causes severe disease such as chickenpox, shingles, and postherpetic neuralgia, often leading to disability. Reactivation of latent VZV is associated with a decrease in specific cellular immunity in the elderly and in patients with immunodeficiency. However, due to the limited efficacy of existing therapy and the emergence of antiviral resistance, it has become necessary to develop new and effective antiviral drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by VZV, particularly in the setting of opportunistic infections. The goal of this work is to identify potent oxazole derivatives as anti-VZV agents by machine learning, followed by their synthesis and experimental validation. Predictive QSAR models were developed using the Online Chemical Modeling Environment (OCHEM). Data on compounds exhibiting antiviral activity were collected from the ChEMBL and uploaded in the OCHEM database. The predictive ability of the models was tested by cross-validation, giving coefficient of determination q2 = 0.87-0.9. The validation of the models using an external test set proves that the models can be used to predict the antiviral activity of newly designed and known compounds with reasonable accuracy within the applicability domain (q2 = 0.83-0.84). The models were applied to screen a virtual chemical library with expected activity of compounds against VZV. The 7 most promising oxazole derivatives were identified, synthesized, and tested. Two of them showed activity against the VZV Ellen strain upon primary in vitro antiviral screening. The synthesized compounds may represent an interesting starting point for further development of the oxazole derivatives against VZV. The developed models are available online at OCHEM http://ochem.eu/article/145978 and can be used to virtually screen for potential compounds with anti-VZV activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasyl Kovalishyn
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine.
| | - Oleksandr Severin
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Maryna Kachaeva
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Oleksandr Kobzar
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Kathy A Keith
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Emma A Harden
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Caroll B Hartline
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Scott H James
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, 35233, USA
| | - Andriy Vovk
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
| | - Volodymyr Brovarets
- V.P. Kukhar Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine, Kyiv, 02094, Ukraine
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5
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Abstract
We performed an annotation of 35 mutations in the spike protein of the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant. Our analysis of the mutations indicates that Omicron has gained prominent immune evasion and potential for enhanced transmissibility. Previous modeling study has revealed that continued evolution in both immune evasion and enhanced transmissibility by SARS-CoV-2 would compromise vaccines as tools for the pandemic control. To combat the future variants of SARS-CoV-2, the world needs novel antiviral drugs that are effective at curb viral spreading without introducing additional selective pressure towards resistant variants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
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6
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Wang S, Ren Y, Li Q, Wang Y, Jiang X, Xu S, Zhang X, Zhao S, Bradley DP, Woodson ME, Zhao F, Wu S, Li Y, Tian Y, Liu X, Tavis JE, Zhan P. Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel sulfamoylbenzamide derivatives as HBV capsid assembly modulators. Bioorg Chem 2022; 129:106192. [PMID: 36265355 PMCID: PMC10591450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2022.106192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) represent a novel class of antiviral agents targeting hepatitis B virus (HBV) capsid to disrupt the assembly process. NVR 3-778 is the first CAM to demonstrate antiviral activity in patients infected with HBV. However, the relatively low aqueous solubility and moderate activity in the human body halted further development of NVR 3-778. To improve the anti-HBV activity and the drug-like properties of NVR 3-778, we designed and synthesized a series of NVR 3-778 derivatives. Notably, phenylboronic acid-bearing compound 7b (EC50 = 0.83 ± 0.33 µM, CC50 = 19.4 ± 5.0 µM) displayed comparable anti-HBV activity to NVR 3-778 (EC50 = 0.73 ± 0.20 µM, CC50 = 23.4 ± 7.0 µM). Besides, 7b showed improved water solubility (328.8 µg/mL, pH 7) compared to NVR 3-778 (35.8 µg/mL, pH 7). Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and quantification of encapsidated viral RNA were used to demonstrate that 7b behaves as a class II CAM similar to NVR 3-778. Moreover, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were conducted to rationalize the structure-activity relationships (SARs) of these novel derivatives and to understand their key interactions with the binding pocket, which provide useful indications for guiding the further rational design of more effective anti-HBV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yujie Ren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100, S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Ya Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Jiang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shujing Xu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xujie Zhang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Daniel P Bradley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100, S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Molly E Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100, S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA
| | - Fabao Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shuo Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 100050 Beijing, PR China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100, S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO 63104, USA.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44, West Culture Road, 250012 Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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7
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Shen Z, Ratia K, Cooper L, Kong D, Lee H, Kwon Y, Li Y, Alqarni S, Huang F, Dubrovskyi O, Rong L, Thatcher G, Xiong R. Design of SARS-CoV-2 PLpro Inhibitors for COVID-19 Antiviral Therapy Leveraging Binding Cooperativity. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2940-2955. [PMID: 34665619 PMCID: PMC8547495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Antiviral agents that complement vaccination are urgently needed to end the COVID-19 pandemic. The SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro), one of only two essential cysteine proteases that regulate viral replication, also dysregulates host immune sensing by binding and deubiquitination of host protein substrates. PLpro is a promising therapeutic target, albeit challenging owing to featureless P1 and P2 sites recognizing glycine. To overcome this challenge, we leveraged the cooperativity of multiple shallow binding sites on the PLpro surface, yielding novel 2-phenylthiophenes with nanomolar inhibitory potency. New cocrystal structures confirmed that ligand binding induces new interactions with PLpro: by closing of the BL2 loop of PLpro forming a novel "BL2 groove" and by mimicking the binding interaction of ubiquitin with Glu167 of PLpro. Together, this binding cooperativity translates to the most potent PLpro inhibitors reported to date, with slow off-rates, improved binding affinities, and low micromolar antiviral potency in SARS-CoV-2-infected human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengnan Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Kiira Ratia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Laura Cooper
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Deyu Kong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Hyun Lee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Youngjin Kwon
- Research Resources Center, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Yangfeng Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Saad Alqarni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Fei Huang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Oleksii Dubrovskyi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Lijun Rong
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Gregory Thatcher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Rui Xiong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
- UICentre (Drug Discovery @ UIC), University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
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8
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Dai W, Jochmans D, Xie H, Yang H, Li J, Su H, Chang D, Wang J, Peng J, Zhu L, Nian Y, Hilgenfeld R, Jiang H, Chen K, Zhang L, Xu Y, Neyts J, Liu H. Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of Peptidomimetic Aldehydes as Broad-Spectrum Inhibitors against Enterovirus and SARS-CoV-2. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2794-2808. [PMID: 33872498 PMCID: PMC8084273 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of peptidomimetic aldehydes was designed and synthesized to target 3C protease (3Cpro) of enterovirus 71 (EV71). Most of the compounds exhibited high antiviral activity, and among them, compound 18p demonstrated potent enzyme inhibitory activity and broad-spectrum antiviral activity on a panel of enteroviruses and rhinoviruses. The crystal structure of EV71 3Cpro in complex with 18p determined at a resolution of 1.2 Å revealed that 18p covalently linked to the catalytic Cys147 with an aldehyde group. In addition, these compounds also exhibited good inhibitory activity against the 3CLpro and the replication of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), especially compound 18p (IC50 = 0.034 μM, EC50 = 0.29 μM). According to our previous work, these compounds have no reasons for concern regarding acute toxicity. Compared with AG7088, compound 18p also exhibited good pharmacokinetic properties and more potent anticoronavirus activity, making it an excellent lead for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dirk Jochmans
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and
Chemotherapy, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Hang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
| | - Hang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan
Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023,
China
| | - Haixia Su
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Di Chang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of
Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130
Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology,
Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Jingjing Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Zhu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of
Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, 130
Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yong Nian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023,
China
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine,
University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck,
Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF),
University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck,
Germany
| | - Hualiang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology,
Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Kaixian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan
Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Yechun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology,
Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
| | - Johan Neyts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology,
Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Virology and
Chemotherapy, Leuven B-3000, Belgium
| | - Hong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, CAS Key
Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203,
China
- College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University
of Chinese Medicine, 138 Xianlin Avenue, Qixia District, Nanjing, 210023,
China
- University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology,
Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of
Sciences, Hangzhou 310024, China
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9
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Kitamura N, Sacco MD, Ma C, Hu Y, Townsend JA, Meng X, Zhang F, Zhang X, Ba M, Szeto T, Kukuljac A, Marty MT, Schultz D, Cherry S, Xiang Y, Chen Y, Wang J. Expedited Approach toward the Rational Design of Noncovalent SARS-CoV-2 Main Protease Inhibitors. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2848-2865. [PMID: 33891389 PMCID: PMC8536799 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The main protease (Mpro) of SARS-CoV-2 is a validated antiviral drug target. Several Mpro inhibitors have been reported with potent enzymatic inhibition and cellular antiviral activity, including GC376, boceprevir, calpain inhibitors II, and XII, with each containing a reactive warhead that covalently modifies the catalytic Cys145. Coupling structure-based drug design with the one-pot Ugi four-component reaction, we discovered one of the most potent noncovalent inhibitors, 23R (Jun8-76-3A) that is structurally distinct from the canonical Mpro inhibitor GC376. Significantly, 23R is highly selective compared with covalent inhibitors such as GC376, especially toward host proteases. The cocrystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with 23R revealed a previously unexplored binding site located in between the S2 and S4 pockets. Overall, this study discovered 23R, one of the most potent and selective noncovalent SARS-CoV-2 Mpro inhibitors reported to date, and a novel binding pocket in Mpro that can be explored for inhibitor design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Kitamura
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Michael Dominic Sacco
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Chunlong Ma
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Yanmei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Julia Alma Townsend
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Xiangzhi Meng
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, United States
| | - Fushun Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, United States
| | - Xiujun Zhang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Mandy Ba
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Tommy Szeto
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - Adis Kukuljac
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Michael Thomas Marty
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
| | - David Schultz
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Sara Cherry
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, United States
| | - Yan Xiang
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, 78229, United States
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, 33612, United States
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, United States
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10
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Bai B, Belovodskiy A, Hena M, Kandadai AS, Joyce MA, Saffran HA, Shields JA, Khan MB, Arutyunova E, Lu J, Bajwa SK, Hockman D, Fischer C, Lamer T, Vuong W, van Belkum MJ, Gu Z, Lin F, Du Y, Xu J, Rahim M, Young HS, Vederas JC, Tyrrell DL, Lemieux MJ, Nieman JA. Peptidomimetic α-Acyloxymethylketone Warheads with Six-Membered Lactam P1 Glutamine Mimic: SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease Inhibition, Coronavirus Antiviral Activity, and in Vitro Biological Stability. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2905-2925. [PMID: 34242027 PMCID: PMC8291138 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Recurring coronavirus outbreaks, such as the current COVID-19 pandemic, establish a necessity to develop direct-acting antivirals that can be readily administered and are active against a broad spectrum of coronaviruses. Described in this Article are novel α-acyloxymethylketone warhead peptidomimetic compounds with a six-membered lactam glutamine mimic in P1. Compounds with potent SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease and in vitro viral replication inhibition were identified with low cytotoxicity and good plasma and glutathione stability. Compounds 15e, 15h, and 15l displayed selectivity for SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease over CatB and CatS and superior in vitro SARS-CoV-2 antiviral replication inhibition compared with the reported peptidomimetic inhibitors with other warheads. The cocrystallization of 15l with SARS-CoV-2 3CL protease confirmed the formation of a covalent adduct. α-Acyloxymethylketone compounds also exhibited antiviral activity against an alphacoronavirus and non-SARS betacoronavirus strains with similar potency and a better selectivity index than remdesivir. These findings demonstrate the potential of the substituted heteroaromatic and aliphatic α-acyloxymethylketone warheads as coronavirus inhibitors, and the described results provide a basis for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Bai
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
| | - Alexandr Belovodskiy
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
| | - Mostofa Hena
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
| | - Appan Srinivas Kandadai
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
| | - Michael A. Joyce
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
| | - Holly A. Saffran
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
| | - Justin A. Shields
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
| | - Muhammad Bashir Khan
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Elena Arutyunova
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Jimmy Lu
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Sardeev K. Bajwa
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Darren Hockman
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
| | - Conrad Fischer
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Tess Lamer
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Wayne Vuong
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Marco J. van Belkum
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - Zhengxian Gu
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.,
G Warehouse #101, No. 10 Building, #227 Meisheng Road, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Fusen Lin
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.,
G Warehouse #101, No. 10 Building, #227 Meisheng Road, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Yanhua Du
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.,
G Warehouse #101, No. 10 Building, #227 Meisheng Road, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Jia Xu
- WuXi AppTec (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.,
G Warehouse #101, No. 10 Building, #227 Meisheng Road, WaiGaoQiao Free Trade Zone,
Shanghai 200131, China
| | - Mohammad Rahim
- Rane Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
4290 91a Street NW, Edmonton, Alberta T6E 5V2, Canada
| | - Howard S. Young
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - John C. Vederas
- Department of Chemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2G2, Canada
| | - D. Lorne Tyrrell
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
| | - M. Joanne Lemieux
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of
Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - James A. Nieman
- Li Ka Shing Applied Virology Institute,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology,
University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E1,
Canada
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11
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Wang C, Xia S, Wang X, Li Y, Wang H, Xiang R, Jiang Q, Lan Q, Liang R, Li Q, Huo S, Lu L, Wang Q, Yu F, Liu K, Jiang S. Supercoiling Structure-Based Design of a Trimeric Coiled-Coil Peptide with High Potency against HIV-1 and Human β-Coronavirus Infection. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2809-2819. [PMID: 33929200 PMCID: PMC8117781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hexameric structure formation through packing of three C-terminal helices and an N-terminal trimeric coiled-coil core has been proposed as a general mechanism of class I enveloped virus entry. In this process, the C-terminal helical repeat (HR2) region of viral membrane fusion proteins becomes transiently exposed and accessible to N-terminal helical repeat (HR1) trimer-based fusion inhibitors. Herein, we describe a mimetic of the HIV-1 gp41 HR1 trimer, N3G, as a promising therapeutic against HIV-1 infection. Surprisingly, we found that in addition to protection against HIV-1 infection, N3G was also highly effective in inhibiting infection of human β-coronaviruses, including MERS-CoV, HCoV-OC43, and SARS-CoV-2, possibly by binding the HR2 region in the spike protein of β-coronaviruses to block their hexameric structure formation. These studies demonstrate the potential utility of anti-HIV-1 HR1 peptides in inhibiting human β-coronavirus infection. Moreover, this strategy could be extended to the design of broad-spectrum antivirals based on the supercoiling structure of peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical
Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850,
China
| | - Shuai Xia
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology
(MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical
Center, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Xinling Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology
(MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical
Center, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical
Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850,
China
| | - Huan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical
Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850,
China
| | - Rong Xiang
- Hebei Center for Wildlife Health, College of Life
Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001,
China
| | - Qinwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Structure-based Drug Design &
Discovery of the Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical
University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Qiaoshuai Lan
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology
(MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical
Center, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Ruiying Liang
- Hebei Center for Wildlife Health, College of Life
Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001,
China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical
Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850,
China
| | - Shanshan Huo
- Hebei Center for Wildlife Health, College of Life
Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001,
China
| | - Lu Lu
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology
(MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical
Center, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Qian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology
(MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical
Center, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
| | - Fei Yu
- Hebei Center for Wildlife Health, College of Life
Sciences, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001,
China
| | - Keliang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical
Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and
Toxicology, 27 Tai-Ping Road, Beijing 100850,
China
| | - Shibo Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology
(MOE/NHC/CAMS), School of Basic Medical Sciences & Shanghai Public Health Clinical
Center, Fudan University, 130 Dong An Road, Shanghai 200032,
China
- Lindsley F. Kimball Research Institute,
New York Blood Center, New York, New York 10065,
United States
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12
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Wang Q, Wang L, Zhang Y, Zhang X, Zhang L, Shang W, Bai F. Probing the Allosteric Inhibition Mechanism of a Spike Protein Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations and Active Compound Identifications. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2827-2835. [PMID: 34415156 PMCID: PMC8409148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The receptor recognition of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 relies on the "down-to-up" conformational change in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Therefore, understanding the process of this change at the molecular level facilitates the design of therapeutic agents. With the help of coarse-grained molecular dynamic simulations, we provide evidence showing that the conformational dynamics of the S protein are globally cooperative. Importantly, an allosteric path was discovered that correlates the motion of the RBD with the motion of the junction between the subdomain 1 (SD1) and the subdomain 2 (SD2) of the S protein. Building on this finding, we designed non-RBD binding modulators to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 by prohibiting the conformational change of the S protein. Their inhibition effect and function stages at inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 were evaluated experimentally. In summary, our studies establish a molecular basis for future therapeutic agent design through allosteric effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the
Microscale and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of
China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology and Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan
Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071,
China
| | - XiangLei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology and Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Leike Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan
Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071,
China
| | - Weijuan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan
Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071,
China
| | - Fang Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology and Shanghai
Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech
University, Shanghai 201210, China
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13
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Han SH, Goins CM, Arya T, Shin WJ, Maw J, Hooper A, Sonawane DP, Porter MR, Bannister BE, Crouch RD, Lindsey AA, Lakatos G, Martinez SR, Alvarado J, Akers WS, Wang NS, Jung JU, Macdonald JD, Stauffer SR. Structure-Based Optimization of ML300-Derived, Noncovalent Inhibitors Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3CL Protease (SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro). J Med Chem 2022; 65:2880-2904. [PMID: 34347470 PMCID: PMC8353992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the MLPCN probe compound ML300, a structure-based optimization campaign was initiated against the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (3CLpro). X-ray structures of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro enzymes in complex with multiple ML300-based inhibitors, including the original probe ML300, were obtained and proved instrumental in guiding chemistry toward probe compound 41 (CCF0058981). The disclosed inhibitors utilize a noncovalent mode of action and complex in a noncanonical binding mode not observed by peptidic 3CLpro inhibitors. In vitro DMPK profiling highlights key areas where further optimization in the series is required to obtain useful in vivo probes. Antiviral activity was established using a SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cell viability assay and a plaque formation assay. Compound 41 demonstrates nanomolar activity in these respective assays, comparable in potency to remdesivir. These findings have implications for antiviral development to combat current and future SARS-like zoonotic coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Han
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Christopher M. Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tarun Arya
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research & Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA
| | - Joshua Maw
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Alice Hooper
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dhiraj P. Sonawane
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Matthew R. Porter
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Breyanne E. Bannister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Rachel D. Crouch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - A. Abigail Lindsey
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gabriella Lakatos
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Steven R. Martinez
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Joseph Alvarado
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Wendell S. Akers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Nancy S. Wang
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Center for Global and Emerging Pathogens Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Macdonald
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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14
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Konno S, Kobayashi K, Senda M, Funai Y, Seki Y, Tamai I, Schäkel L, Sakata K, Pillaiyar T, Taguchi A, Taniguchi A, Gütschow M, Müller CE, Takeuchi K, Hirohama M, Kawaguchi A, Kojima M, Senda T, Shirasaka Y, Kamitani W, Hayashi Y. 3CL Protease Inhibitors with an Electrophilic Arylketone Moiety as Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2926-2939. [PMID: 34313428 PMCID: PMC8340582 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has been identified as the causative agent for the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. 3CL protease (3CLpro) plays a pivotal role in the processing of viral polyproteins. We report peptidomimetic compounds with a unique benzothiazolyl ketone as a warhead group, which display potent activity against SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro. The most potent inhibitor YH-53 can strongly block the SARS-CoV-2 replication. X-ray structural analysis revealed that YH-53 establishes multiple hydrogen bond interactions with backbone amino acids and a covalent bond with the active site of 3CLpro. Further results from computational and experimental studies, including an in vitro absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion profile, in vivo pharmacokinetics, and metabolic analysis of YH-53 suggest that it has a high potential as a lead candidate to compete with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sho Konno
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Kobayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Miki Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of
Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
(KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yuta Funai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical,
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University,
Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuta Seki
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical,
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University,
Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Ikumi Tamai
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical,
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University,
Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Laura Schäkel
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical &
Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121,
Germany
| | - Kyousuke Sakata
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University
of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392,
Japan
| | - Thanigaimalai Pillaiyar
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry,
University of Tübingen, Tübingen 72076,
Germany
| | - Akihiro Taguchi
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Taniguchi
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical &
Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121,
Germany
| | - Christa E. Müller
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical &
Medicinal Chemistry, University of Bonn, Bonn 53121,
Germany
| | - Koh Takeuchi
- Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research
Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and
Technology, Koto, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | - Mikako Hirohama
- Faculty of Medicine, Transborder Medical Research
Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575,
Japan
| | - Atsushi Kawaguchi
- Faculty of Medicine, Transborder Medical Research
Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575,
Japan
| | - Masaki Kojima
- School of Life Sciences, Tokyo University
of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392,
Japan
| | - Toshiya Senda
- Structural Biology Research Center, Institute of
Materials Structure Science, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization
(KEK), Tsukuba 305-0801, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Shirasaka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Medical,
Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University,
Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Wataru Kamitani
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense,
Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi
371-8511, Japan
| | - Yoshio Hayashi
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Medicinal Chemistry,
Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences, Hachioji,
Tokyo, 192-0392, Japan
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15
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Ashhurst A, Tang AH, Fajtová P, Yoon MC, Aggarwal A, Bedding MJ, Stoye A, Beretta L, Pwee D, Drelich A, Skinner D, Li L, Meek TD, McKerrow JH, Hook V, Tseng CT, Larance M, Turville S, Gerwick WH, O’Donoghue AJ, Payne RJ. Potent Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Activity by the Natural Product Gallinamide A and Analogues via Inhibition of Cathepsin L. J Med Chem 2022; 65:2956-2970. [PMID: 34730959 PMCID: PMC8577376 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cathepsin L is a key host cysteine protease utilized by coronaviruses for cell entry and is a promising drug target for novel antivirals against SARS-CoV-2. The marine natural product gallinamide A and several synthetic analogues were identified as potent inhibitors of cathepsin L with IC50 values in the picomolar range. Lead molecules possessed selectivity over other cathepsins and alternative host proteases involved in viral entry. Gallinamide A directly interacted with cathepsin L in cells and, together with two lead analogues, potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection in vitro, with EC50 values in the nanomolar range. Reduced antiviral activity was observed in cells overexpressing transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2); however, a synergistic improvement in antiviral activity was achieved when combined with a TMPRSS2 inhibitor. These data highlight the potential of cathepsin L as a COVID-19 drug target as well as the likely need to inhibit multiple routes of viral entry to achieve efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anneliese
S. Ashhurst
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- School
of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Arthur H. Tang
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Pavla Fajtová
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California92093, United States
- Institute
of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy
of Sciences of the Czech Republic, 16610Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michael C. Yoon
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Anupriya Aggarwal
- Kirby
Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - Max J. Bedding
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Alexander Stoye
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Laura Beretta
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Dustin Pwee
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Aleksandra Drelich
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas77755-1001, United States
| | - Danielle Skinner
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Linfeng Li
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main
Drive, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - Thomas D. Meek
- Department
of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Texas A&M
University, 301 Old Main
Drive, College Station, Texas77843, United States
| | - James H. McKerrow
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Vivian Hook
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Chien-Te Tseng
- Department
of Microbiology and Immunology, University
of Texas, Medical Branch, 3000 University Boulevard, Galveston, Texas77755-1001, United States
| | - Mark Larance
- Charles
Perkins Centre and School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
| | - Stuart Turville
- Kirby
Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW2052, Australia
| | - William H. Gerwick
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California92093, United States
- Center
for Marine Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Anthony J. O’Donoghue
- Skaggs
School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California92093, United States
| | - Richard J. Payne
- School
of Chemistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
- Australian
Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and
Protein Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW2006, Australia
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16
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Ren PX, Shang WJ, Yin WC, Ge H, Wang L, Zhang XL, Li BQ, Li HL, Xu YC, Xu EH, Jiang HL, Zhu LL, Zhang LK, Bai F. A multi-targeting drug design strategy for identifying potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2022; 43:483-493. [PMID: 33907306 PMCID: PMC8076879 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-021-00668-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, is threatening public health, and there is no effective treatment. In this study, we have implemented a multi-targeted anti-viral drug design strategy to discover highly potent SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors, which simultaneously act on the host ribosome, viral RNA as well as RNA-dependent RNA polymerases, and nucleocapsid protein of the virus, to impair viral translation, frameshifting, replication, and assembly. Driven by this strategy, three alkaloids, including lycorine, emetine, and cephaeline, were discovered to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 with EC50 values of low nanomolar levels potently. The findings in this work demonstrate the feasibility of this multi-targeting drug design strategy and provide a rationale for designing more potent anti-virus drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Xuan Ren
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wei-Juan Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China
| | - Wan-Chao Yin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huan Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Lin Wang
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Xiang-Lei Zhang
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Bing-Qian Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hong-Lin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China
| | - Ye-Chun Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Eric H Xu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Hua-Liang Jiang
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li-Li Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China.
| | - Lei-Ke Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430071, China.
| | - Fang Bai
- School of Life Science and Technology, and Shanghai Institute for Advanced Immunochemical Studies, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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17
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Nishiuchi K, Ohashi H, Nishioka K, Yamasaki M, Furuta M, Mashiko T, Tomoshige S, Ohgane K, Kamisuki S, Watashi K, Kuramochi K. Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of Neoechinulin B and Its Derivatives. J Nat Prod 2022; 85:284-291. [PMID: 34967639 PMCID: PMC8751641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We have previously reported that neoechinulin B (1a), a prenylated indole diketopiperazine alkaloid, shows antiviral activities against hepatitis C virus (HCV) via the inactivation of the liver X receptors (LXRs) and the resultant disruption of double-membrane vesicles. In this study, a two-step synthesis of the diketopiperazine scaffold of 1a was achieved by the base-induced coupling of 1,4-diacetyl-3-{[(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)oxy]methyl}piperazine-2,5-dione with aldehydes, followed by the treatment of the resultant coupling products with tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride. Compound 1a and its 16 derivatives 1b-q were prepared using this method. Furthermore, variecolorin H, a related alkaloid, was obtained by the acid treatment of 1a in MeOH. The antiviral evaluation of 1a and its derivatives revealed that 1a, 1c, 1d, 1h, 1j, 1l, and 1o exhibited both anti-HCV and anti-severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) activities. The results of this study indicate that the exomethylene moiety on the diketopiperazine ring is important for the antiviral activities. The antiviral compounds can inhibit the production of HCV and SARS-CoV-2 by inactivating LXRs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Nishiuchi
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Ohashi
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department
of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious
Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Research
Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kazane Nishioka
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department
of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious
Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masako Yamasaki
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department
of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious
Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Masateru Furuta
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takumi Mashiko
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shusuke Tomoshige
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohgane
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Shinji Kamisuki
- School
of Veterinary Medicine and Center for Human and Animal Symbiosis Science, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5201, Japan
| | - Koichi Watashi
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
- Department
of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious
Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Research
Center for Drug and Vaccine Development, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kouji Kuramochi
- Department
of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University
of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
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18
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Abu-Melha S, Edrees MM, Said MA, Riyadh SM, Al-Kaff NS, Gomha SM. Potential COVID-19 Drug Candidates Based on Diazinyl-Thiazol-Imine Moieties: Synthesis and Greener Pastures Biological Study. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27020488. [PMID: 35056802 PMCID: PMC8777737 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of 1-aryl-N-[4-phenyl-5-(arylazo)thiazol-2-yl)methanimines has been synthesized via the condensation of 2-amino-4-phenyl-5-arylazothiazole with various aromatic aldehydes. The synthesized imines were characterized by spectroscopic techniques, namely 1H and 13C-NMR, FTIR, MS, and Elemental Analysis. A molecular comparative docking study for 3a-f was calculated, with reference to two approved drugs, Molnupiravir and Remdesivir, using 7BQY (Mpro; PDB code 7BQY; resolution: 1.7 A°) under identical conditions. The binding scores against 7BQY were in the range of -7.7 to -8.7 kcal/mol for 3a-f. The high scores of the compounds indicated an enhanced binding affinity of the molecules to the receptor. This is due to the hydrophobic interactions and multi-hydrogen bonds between 3a-f ligands and the receptor's active amino acid residues. The main aim of using in silco molecular docking was to rank 3a-f with respect to the approved drugs, Molnupiravir and Remdesivir, using free energy methods as greener pastures. A further interesting comparison presented the laydown of the ligands before and after molecular docking. These results and other supporting statistical analyses suggested that ligands 3a-f deserve further investigation in the context of potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19. Free-cost, PASS, SwissADME, and Way2drug were used in this research paper to determine the possible biological activities and cytotoxicity of 3a-f.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sraa Abu-Melha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-M.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Mastoura Mohamed Edrees
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; (S.A.-M.); (M.M.E.)
- Department of Organic Chemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Giza 12311, Egypt
| | - Musa A. Said
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia;
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (S.M.G.)
| | - Sayed M. Riyadh
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Nadia S. Al-Kaff
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 30002, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sobhi M. Gomha
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Islamic University of Madinah, Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah 42351, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (S.M.G.)
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19
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Defant A, Dosi F, Innocenti N, Mancini I. Synthesis of Nucleoside-like Molecules from a Pyrolysis Product of Cellulose and Their Computational Prediction as Potential SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:518. [PMID: 35008944 PMCID: PMC8745730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
(1R,5S)-1-Hydroxy-3,6-dioxa-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one, available by an efficient catalytic pyrolysis of cellulose, has been applied as a chiral building block in the synthesis of seven new nucleoside analogues, with structural modifications on the nucleobase moiety and on the carboxyl- derived unit. The inverted configuration by Mitsunobu reaction used in their synthesis was verified by 2D-NOESY correlations, supported by the optimized structure employing the DFT methods. An in silico screening of these compounds as inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase has been carried out in comparison with both remdesivir, a mono-phosphoramidate prodrug recently approved for COVID-19 treatment, and its ribonucleoside metabolite GS-441524. Drug-likeness prediction and data by docking calculation indicated compound 6 [=(3S,5S)-methyl 5-(hydroxymethyl)-3-(6-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-9H-purin-9-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3-carboxylate] as the best candidate. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulation showed a stable interaction of structure 6 in RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) complex and a lower average atomic fluctuation than GS-441524, suggesting a well accommodation in the RdRp binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Defant
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioorganica, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy; (F.D.); (N.I.)
| | | | | | - Ines Mancini
- Laboratorio di Chimica Bioorganica, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123 Trento, Italy; (F.D.); (N.I.)
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20
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Fomenko VV, Rudometova NB, Yarovaya OI, Rogachev AD, Fando AA, Zaykovskaya AV, Komarova NI, Shcherbakov DN, Pyankov OV, Pokrovsky AG, Karpenko LI, Maksyutov RA, Salakhutdinov NF. Synthesis and In Vitro Study of Antiviral Activity of Glycyrrhizin Nicotinate Derivatives against HIV-1 Pseudoviruses and SARS-CoV-2 Viruses. Molecules 2022; 27:295. [PMID: 35011529 PMCID: PMC8746574 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27010295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
When developing drugs against SARS-CoV-2, it is important to consider the characteristics of patients with different co-morbidities. People infected with HIV-1 are a particularly vulnerable group, as they may be at a higher risk than the general population of contracting COVID-19 with clinical complications. For such patients, drugs with a broad spectrum of antiviral activity are of paramount importance. Glycyrrhizinic acid (Glyc) and its derivatives are promising biologically active compounds for the development of such broad-spectrum antiviral agents. In this work, derivatives of Glyc obtained by acylation with nicotinic acid were investigated. The resulting preparation, Glycyvir, is a multi-component mixture containing mainly mono-, di-, tri- and tetranicotinates. The composition of Glycyvir was characterized by HPLC-MS/MS and its toxicity assessed in cell culture. Antiviral activity against three strains of SARS-CoV-2 was tested in vitro on Vero E6 cells by MTT assay. Glycyvir was shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 replication in vitro (IC502-8 μM) with an antiviral activity comparable to the control drug Remdesivir. In addition, Glycyvir exhibited marked inhibitory activity against HIV pseudoviruses of subtypes B, A6 and the recombinant form CRF63_02A (IC50 range 3.9-27.5 µM). The time-dependence of Glycyvir inhibitory activity on HIV pseudovirus infection of TZM-bl cells suggested that the compound interfered with virus entry into the target cell. Glycyvir is a promising candidate as an agent with low toxicity and a broad spectrum of antiviral action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav V. Fomenko
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.F.); (A.D.R.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Nadezhda B. Rudometova
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (N.B.R.); (A.V.Z.); (D.N.S.); (O.V.P.); (L.I.K.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Olga I. Yarovaya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.F.); (A.D.R.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
- Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.F.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Artem D. Rogachev
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.F.); (A.D.R.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
- Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.F.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Anastasia A. Fando
- Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.F.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Anna V. Zaykovskaya
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (N.B.R.); (A.V.Z.); (D.N.S.); (O.V.P.); (L.I.K.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Nina I. Komarova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.F.); (A.D.R.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
| | - Dmitry N. Shcherbakov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (N.B.R.); (A.V.Z.); (D.N.S.); (O.V.P.); (L.I.K.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Oleg V. Pyankov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (N.B.R.); (A.V.Z.); (D.N.S.); (O.V.P.); (L.I.K.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Andrey G. Pokrovsky
- Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.F.); (A.G.P.)
| | - Larisa I. Karpenko
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (N.B.R.); (A.V.Z.); (D.N.S.); (O.V.P.); (L.I.K.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Rinat A. Maksyutov
- State Research Center of Virology and Biotechnology VECTOR, Rospotrebnadzor, 630559 Koltsovo, Russia; (N.B.R.); (A.V.Z.); (D.N.S.); (O.V.P.); (L.I.K.); (R.A.M.)
| | - Nariman F. Salakhutdinov
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, N. N. Vorozhtsov Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Lavrentiev Ave. 9, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (V.V.F.); (A.D.R.); (N.I.K.); (N.F.S.)
- Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, Pirogov Str. 1, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.F.); (A.G.P.)
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21
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Ray B, Ali I, Jana S, Mukherjee S, Pal S, Ray S, Schütz M, Marschall M. Antiviral Strategies Using Natural Source-Derived Sulfated Polysaccharides in the Light of the COVID-19 Pandemic and Major Human Pathogenic Viruses. Viruses 2021; 14:35. [PMID: 35062238 PMCID: PMC8781365 DOI: 10.3390/v14010035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a mere fraction of the huge variety of human pathogenic viruses can be targeted by the currently available spectrum of antiviral drugs. The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) outbreak has highlighted the urgent need for molecules that can be deployed quickly to treat novel, developing or re-emerging viral infections. Sulfated polysaccharides are found on the surfaces of both the susceptible host cells and the majority of human viruses, and thus can play an important role during viral infection. Such polysaccharides widely occurring in natural sources, specifically those converted into sulfated varieties, have already proved to possess a high level and sometimes also broad-spectrum antiviral activity. This antiviral potency can be determined through multifold molecular pathways, which in many cases have low profiles of cytotoxicity. Consequently, several new polysaccharide-derived drugs are currently being investigated in clinical settings. We reviewed the present status of research on sulfated polysaccharide-based antiviral agents, their structural characteristics, structure-activity relationships, and the potential of clinical application. Furthermore, the molecular mechanisms of sulfated polysaccharides involved in viral infection or in antiviral activity, respectively, are discussed, together with a focus on the emerging methodology contributing to polysaccharide-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bimalendu Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Imran Ali
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Subrata Jana
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Shuvam Mukherjee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Saikat Pal
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Sayani Ray
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan 713104, West Bengal, India; (I.A.); (S.J.); (S.M.); (S.P.)
| | - Martin Schütz
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Manfred Marschall
- Institute for Clinical and Molecular Virology, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
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22
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Dampalla CS, Rathnayake AD, Perera KD, Jesri ARM, Nguyen HN, Miller MJ, Thurman HA, Zheng J, Kashipathy MM, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Perlman S, Kim Y, Groutas WC, Chang KO. Structure-Guided Design of Potent Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CL Protease: Structural, Biochemical, and Cell-Based Studies. J Med Chem 2021; 64:17846-17865. [PMID: 34865476 PMCID: PMC8673480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is having a major impact on public health worldwide, and there is an urgent need for the creation of an armamentarium of effective therapeutics, including vaccines, biologics, and small-molecule therapeutics, to combat SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Inspection of the virus life cycle reveals multiple viral- and host-based choke points that can be exploited to combat the virus. SARS-CoV-2 3C-like protease (3CLpro), an enzyme essential for viral replication, is an attractive target for therapeutic intervention, and the design of inhibitors of the protease may lead to the emergence of effective SARS-CoV-2-specific antivirals. We describe herein the results of our studies related to the application of X-ray crystallography, the Thorpe-Ingold effect, deuteration, and stereochemistry in the design of highly potent and nontoxic inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Athri D. Rathnayake
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Krishani Dinali Perera
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | | | - Harry Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Matthew J. Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Hayden A. Thurman
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | | | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - William C. Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
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23
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El-Sayed NS, Jureka AS, Edwards MR, Lohan S, Williams CG, Keiser PT, Davey RA, Totonchy J, Tiwari RK, Basler CF, Parang K. Synthesis and antiviral activity of fatty acyl conjugates of remdesivir against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 and Ebola virus. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 226:113862. [PMID: 34583312 PMCID: PMC8454092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
We report here the synthesis, purification, and characterization of mono- and di-fatty acyl conjugates of remdesivir (RDV) and their in vitro antiviral activity against SAR-CoV-2, an Ebola virus transcription- and replication-competent virus-like particle (trVLP) system, and infectious Ebola virus. The most potent monofatty acyl conjugate was 4b, containing a 4-oxatetradecanolyl at the 3' position. Monofatty acyl conjugates, 3'-O-tetradecanoyl (4a) (IC50(VeroE6) = 2.3 μM; IC50(Calu3) = 0.24 μM), 3'-O-4-oxatetradodecanoyl (4b) (IC50(VeroE6) = 2.0 μM; IC50(Calu3) = 0.18 μM), and 3'-O-(12-ethylthiododecanoyl) (4e) (IC50(VeroE6) = 2.4 μM; IC50(Calu3) = 0.25 μM) derivatives exhibited less activity than RDV (IC50(VeroE6) = 0.85 μM; IC50(Calu3) = 0.06 μM) in both VeroE6 and Calu3 cells. Difatty acylation led to a significant reduction in the antiviral activity of RDV (as shown in conjugates 5a and 5b) against SARS-CoV-2 when compared with monofatty acylation (3a-e and 4a-e). About 77.9% of 4c remained intact after 4 h incubation with human plasma while only 47% of parent RDV was observed at the 2 h time point. The results clearly indicate the effectiveness of fatty acylation to improve the half-life of RDV. The antiviral activities of a number of monofatty acyl conjugates of RDV, such as 3b, 3e, and 4b, were comparable with RDV against the Ebola trVLP system. Meanwhile, the corresponding physical mixtures of RDV and fatty acids 6a and 6b showed 1.6 to 2.2 times less antiviral activity than the corresponding conjugates, 4a and 4c, respectively, against SARS-CoV-2 in VeroE6 cells. A significant reduction in viral RNA synthesis was observed for selected compounds 3a and 4b consistent with the IC50 results. These studies indicate the potential of these compounds as long-acting antiviral agents or prodrugs of RDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naglaa Salem El-Sayed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; AJK Biopharmaceutical, 5270 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA; Cellulose & Paper Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St. former (El-Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. Box, 12622, Egypt
| | - Alexander S Jureka
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 686 Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Megan R Edwards
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 686 Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | - Sandeep Lohan
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; AJK Biopharmaceutical, 5270 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA
| | - Caroline G Williams
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 686 Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA
| | | | - Robert A Davey
- NEIDL, 620 Albany St, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jennifer Totonchy
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA
| | - Rakesh K Tiwari
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; AJK Biopharmaceutical, 5270 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
| | - Christopher F Basler
- Center for Microbial Pathogenesis, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, 686 Petit Science Center, Atlanta, GA, 30302, USA.
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, Irvine, CA, 92618, USA; AJK Biopharmaceutical, 5270 California Ave, Irvine, CA, 92617, USA.
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24
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Marqus S, Ahmed H, Rezk AR, Huynh T, Lawrie A, Nguyen D, Ehrnst Y, Dekiwadia C, Yeo LY. Enhanced Antimicrobial Activity and Low Phytotoxicity of Acoustically Synthesized Large Aspect Ratio Cu-BTC Metal-Organic Frameworks with Exposed Metal Sites. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:58309-58318. [PMID: 34855354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have recently been shown to be effective antimicrobial agents, particularly if they comprise pathogenicidal metal ions. Nevertheless, the accessibility of these active metal sites to the pathogen, and hence the MOFs' antimicrobial activity itself, is often poor since the metal nodes are usually embedded deep within its three-dimensional (3D) structure. We show that a unique copper-based (copper(II)-benzene-1,3,5-tricarboxylate) MOF, whose quasi-two-dimensional (quasi-2D) swordlike structure facilitates exposure of the metal ions along its surface, exhibits enhanced antimicrobial properties against three representative plant pathogens: a bacterium (Pseudomonas syringae), a fungus (Fusarium solani), and a virus (Odontoglossum ringspot virus (ORSV)). Such superior antimicrobial activity results in low minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs)─half that of a commercial pesticide and an eighth of its conventional 3D cubic MOF counterpart (HKUST-1)─and hence low phytotoxicity, which can be attributed to the accessibility of the surface copper sites to the pathogen, thereby facilitating their adhesion and physical contact with the MOF. Additionally, we observed that orchids treated with the quasi-2D MOF showed negligible phytotoxicity and 80% decreased viral load. This work constitutes the first study to demonstrate the antimicrobial properties of this novel MOF against bacterial, fungal, and viral plant pathogens, and the first chemical control of ORSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Marqus
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Heba Ahmed
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Amgad R Rezk
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Tien Huynh
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Ann Lawrie
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Dao Nguyen
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083, Australia
| | - Yemima Ehrnst
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Chaitali Dekiwadia
- RMIT Microscopy and Microanalysis Facility, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
| | - Leslie Y Yeo
- Micro/Nanophysics Research Laboratory, School of Engineering, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia
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25
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Kim H, Ko C, Lee JY, Kim M. Current Progress in the Development of Hepatitis B Virus Capsid Assembly Modulators: Chemical Structure, Mode-of-Action and Efficacy. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26247420. [PMID: 34946502 PMCID: PMC8705634 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major causative agent of human hepatitis. Its viral genome comprises partially double-stranded DNA, which is complexed with viral polymerase within an icosahedral capsid consisting of a dimeric core protein. Here, we describe the effects of capsid assembly modulators (CAMs) on the geometric or kinetic disruption of capsid construction and the virus life cycle. We highlight classical, early-generation CAMs such as heteroaryldihydropyrimidines, phenylpropenamides or sulfamoylbenzamides, and focus on the chemical structure and antiviral efficacy of recently identified non-classical CAMs, which consist of carboxamides, aryl ureas, bithiazoles, hydrazones, benzylpyridazinones, pyrimidines, quinolines, dyes, and antimicrobial compounds. We summarize the therapeutic efficacy of four representative classical compounds with data from clinical phase 1 studies in chronic HBV patients. Most of these compounds are in phase 2 trials, either as monotherapy or in combination with approved nucleos(t)ides drugs or other immunostimulatory molecules. As followers of the early CAMs, the therapeutic efficacy of several non-classical CAMs has been evaluated in humanized mouse models of HBV infection. It is expected that these next-generation HBV CAMs will be promising candidates for a series of extended human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyejin Kim
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.K.); Tel.: +82-42-860-7130 (H.K.); +82-42-860-7540 (M.K.)
| | | | | | - Meehyein Kim
- Correspondence: (H.K.); (M.K.); Tel.: +82-42-860-7130 (H.K.); +82-42-860-7540 (M.K.)
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26
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Ma Y, Zhao S, Ren Y, Cherukupalli S, Li Q, Woodson ME, Bradley DP, Tavis JE, Liu X, Zhan P. Design, synthesis and evaluation of heteroaryldihydropyrimidine analogues bearing spiro ring as hepatitis B virus capsid protein inhibitors. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 225:113780. [PMID: 34438123 PMCID: PMC10591454 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
GLS4, a potent antiviral drug candidate, has been widely studied and entered into phase II clinical trials. Nevertheless, the therapeutic application of GLS4 is limited due to poor water solubility, short half-life, and low bioavailability. In order to improve the hydrophilicity and pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of GLS4, herein, we retained the dominant fragments, and used a scaffold hopping strategy to replace the easily metabolized morpholine ring of GLS4 with diverse sizes of spiro rings consisting of hydrogen bond donor and acceptor substituents. Potent in vitroanti-HBV activity and low cytotoxicity were observed for compound 4r (EC50 = 0.20 ± 0.00 μM, CC50 > 87.03 μM), which was more potent than the positive control lamivudine (EC50 = 0.37 ± 0.04 μM, CC50 > 100.00 μM) in this assay and was about a quarter as effective as GLS4 (EC50 = 0.045 ± 0.01 μM, CC50 > 99.20 μM). Preliminary structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis and molecular docking studies were carried out to explore potential interactions and binding mode between compounds and target protein. In terms of the physicochemical properties, 4r was predicted to be consistent with the rule-of-five, which means 4r may have favourable absorption and permeation. Finally, ADMET and PK characteristics of 4r and GLS4 were predicted to be comparable in most aspects, implying that the two compounds may have similar profiles in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Shujie Zhao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Yujie Ren
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Srinivasulu Cherukupalli
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China
| | - Qilan Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Molly E Woodson
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - Daniel P Bradley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA
| | - John E Tavis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Doisy Research Center, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, St. Louis, MO, 63104, USA.
| | - Xinyong Liu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
| | - Peng Zhan
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, 44 West Culture Road, 250012, Jinan, Shandong, PR China.
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27
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Chi Y, Zhou H, He HW, Ma YD, Li B, Xu D, Gao JM, Xu G. Total Synthesis and Anti-Tobacco Mosaic Virus Activity of the Furofuran Lignan (±)-Phrymarolin II and Its Analogues. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:2937-2944. [PMID: 34730370 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Phrymarolin II, a furofuran lignan isolated from Phryma leptostachya L., features a 3,7-dioxabicyclo[3.3.0]octane skeleton. Herein, we report an alternative total synthesis of (±)-phrymarolin II (2), which was performed in 9 steps from commercially available sesamol. The key steps of the synthesis included a zinc-mediated Barbier-type allylation and a copper-catalyzed anomeric O-arylation. Our total synthesis allowed the synthesis of analogues of (±)-phrymarolin II. Most derivatives displayed good to excellent in vivo activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). (±)-Phrymarolin II (2) and compounds (±)-31d and (±)-31g exhibited similar or higher activity than commercial ningnanmycin, which indicated that phrymarolin lignans are a promising new class of plant virus inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chi
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huan Zhou
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Wei He
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi-Dan Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bo Li
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Dan Xu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jin-Ming Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gong Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, 3 Taicheng Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, Key Laboratory of Botanical Pesticide R&D in Shaanxi Province, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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28
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Mishra A, Shaik HA, Sinha RK, Shah BR. Andrographolide: A Herbal-Chemosynthetic Approach for Enhancing Immunity, Combating Viral Infections, and Its Implication on Human Health. Molecules 2021; 26:7036. [PMID: 34834128 PMCID: PMC8622020 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Plants consistently synthesize and accumulate medically valuable secondary metabolites which can be isolated and clinically tested under in vitro conditions. An advancement with such important phytochemical production has been recognized and utilized as herbal drugs. Bioactive andrographolide (AGL; C20H30O5) isolated from Andrographis paniculate (AP) (Kalmegh) is a diterpenoid lactones having multifunctional medicinal properties including anti-manic, anti-inflammatory, liver, and lung protective. AGL is known for its immunostimulant activity against a variety of microbial infections thereby, regulating classical and alternative macrophage activation, Ag-specific antibody production during immune disorder therapy. In vitro studies with AGL found it to be effective against multiple tumors, neuronal disorders, diabetes, pneumonia, fibrosis, and other diverse therapeutic misadventures. Generally, virus-based diseases like ZIKA, influenza A virus subtype (H1NI), Ebola (EBOV), Dengue (DENV), and coronavirus (COVID-19) epidemics have greatly increased scientific interest and demands to develop more effective and economical immunomodulating drugs with minimal side effects. Trials and in vitro pharmacological studies with AGL and medicinally beneficial herbs might contribute to benefit the human population without using chemical-based synthetic drugs. In this review, we have discussed the possible role of AGL as a promising herbal-chemo remedy during human diseases, viral infections and as an immunity booster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Mishra
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
| | - Haq Abdul Shaik
- Institute of Entomology, Biology Centre, Czech Academy of Science, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic
| | - Rakesh Kumar Sinha
- Institute of Plant Genetics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 34 Strzeszynska Street, 60-479 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Bakht Ramin Shah
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Na Sádkách 1780, 37005 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
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29
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Amin MR, Yasmin F, Hosen MA, Dey S, Mahmud S, Saleh MA, Emran TB, Hasan I, Fujii Y, Yamada M, Ozeki Y, Kawsar SMA. Synthesis, Antimicrobial, Anticancer, PASS, Molecular Docking, Molecular Dynamic Simulations & Pharmacokinetic Predictions of Some Methyl β-D-Galactopyranoside Analogs. Molecules 2021; 26:7016. [PMID: 34834107 PMCID: PMC8621697 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of methyl β-D-galactopyranoside (MGP, 1) analogs were selectively acylated with cinnamoyl chloride in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide/triethylamine to yield 6-O-substitution products, which was subsequently converted into 2,3,4-tri-O-acyl analogs with different acyl halides. Analysis of the physicochemical, elemental, and spectroscopic data of these analogs revealed their chemical structures. In vitro antimicrobial testing against five bacteria and two fungi and the prediction of activity spectra for substances (PASS) showed promising antifungal functionality comparing to their antibacterial activities. Minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) tests were conducted for four compounds (4, 5, 6, and 9) based on their activity. MTT assay showed low antiproliferative activity of compound 9 against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells with an IC50 value of 2961.06 µg/mL. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the thermodynamic and physicochemical properties whereas molecular docking identified potential inhibitors of the SARS-CoV-2 main protease (6Y84). A 150-ns molecular dynamics simulation study revealed the stable conformation and binding patterns in a stimulating environment. In-silico ADMET study suggested all the designed molecules to be non-carcinogenic, with low aquatic and non-aquatic toxicity. In summary, all these antimicrobial, anticancer and in silico studies revealed that newly synthesized MGP analogs possess promising antiviral activity, to serve as a therapeutic target for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md. Ruhul Amin
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (M.R.A.); (F.Y.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Farhana Yasmin
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (M.R.A.); (F.Y.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Mohammed Anowar Hosen
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (M.R.A.); (F.Y.); (M.A.H.)
| | - Sujan Dey
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh;
| | - Shafi Mahmud
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Md. Abu Saleh
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh; (S.M.); (M.A.S.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh;
| | - Imtiaj Hasan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh;
| | - Yuki Fujii
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7, Huis Ten Bosch-cho, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan;
| | - Masao Yamada
- School of Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan;
| | - Yasuhiro Ozeki
- School of Sciences, Yokohama City University, 22-2, Seto, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan;
| | - Sarkar Mohammad Abe Kawsar
- Laboratory of Carbohydrate and Nucleoside Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh; (M.R.A.); (F.Y.); (M.A.H.)
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Horvat M, Avbelj M, Durán-Alonso MB, Banjanac M, Petković H, Iskra J. Antiviral Activities of Halogenated Emodin Derivatives against Human Coronavirus NL63. Molecules 2021; 26:6825. [PMID: 34833917 PMCID: PMC8618202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted the need for the development of new vaccines and drugs to combat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, various drugs have been proposed as potentially effective against COVID-19, such as remdesivir, infliximab and imatinib. Natural plants have been used as an alternative source of drugs for thousands of years, and some of them are effective for the treatment of various viral diseases. Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione) is a biologically active anthraquinone with antiviral activity that is found in various plants. We studied the selectivity of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions on an emodin core (halogenation, nitration and sulfonation), which resulted in a library of emodin derivatives. The main aim of this work was to carry out an initial evaluation of the potential to improve the activity of emodin against human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) and also to generate a set of initial SAR guidelines. We have prepared emodin derivatives which displayed significant anti-HCoV-NL63 activity. We observed that halogenation of emodin can improve its antiviral activity. The most active compound in this study was the iodinated emodin analogue E_3I, whose anti-HCoV-NL63 activity was comparable to that of remdesivir. Evaluation of the emodin analogues also revealed some unwanted toxicity to Vero cells. Since new synthetic routes are now available that allow modification of the emodin structure, it is reasonable to expect that analogues with significantly improved anti-HCoV-NL63 activity and lowered toxicity may thus be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Horvat
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Martina Avbelj
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - María Beatriz Durán-Alonso
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Mihailo Banjanac
- Fidelta d.o.o., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Hrvoje Petković
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jernej Iskra
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Lv K, Wu S, Tao Z, Wang A, Xu S, Yang L, Gao Q, Wang A, Qin X, Jiang B, Wu W, Jia X, Li Y, Jiang J, Liu M. Identification of (6S)-cyclopropyl-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5(4H)-carboxamines as new HBV capsid assembly modulators. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 228:113974. [PMID: 34772528 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
GYH2-18 is a type II HBV CAM with 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine-5(4H)-carboxamine (DPPC) skeleton discovered by Roche INC. A series of GYH2-18 derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HBV activity. Two compounds 2f and 3k exhibited excellent anti-HBV activity, low cytotoxicity and accepted oral PK profiles. Chiral separation of 2f and 3k was conducted successfully, and (6S)-cyclopropyl DPPC isomers 2f-1, 2f-3, 3k-1 and 3k-3 were identified to be much more active than the corresponding (6R)-ones. The preliminary structure-activity relationship, particle gel assay and molecular modeling studies were also discussed, which provide useful indications for guiding the further rational design of new (6S)-cyclopropyl DPPC analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Lv
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zeyu Tao
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Aoyu Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Shijie Xu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Lu Yang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Qiang Gao
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Apeng Wang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xiaoyu Qin
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Bin Jiang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Wenhao Wu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xuedong Jia
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, China
| | - Yuhuan Li
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jiandong Jiang
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Mingliang Liu
- CAMS Key Laboratory of Antiviral Drug Research, Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, NHC Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Antibiotics, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, China.
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Masomian M, Lalani S, Poh CL. Molecular Docking of SP40 Peptide towards Cellular Receptors for Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216576. [PMID: 34770987 PMCID: PMC8587434 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) is one of the predominant etiological agents of hand, foot and mouth disease (HMFD), which can cause severe central nervous system infections in young children. There is no clinically approved vaccine or antiviral agent against HFMD. The SP40 peptide, derived from the VP1 capsid of EV-A71, was reported to be a promising antiviral peptide that targeted the host receptor(s) involved in viral attachment or entry. So far, the mechanism of action of SP40 peptide is unknown. In this study, interactions between ten reported cell receptors of EV-A71 and the antiviral SP40 peptide were evaluated through molecular docking simulations, followed by in vitro receptor blocking with specific antibodies. The preferable binding region of each receptor to SP40 was predicted by global docking using HPEPDOCK and the cell receptor-SP40 peptide complexes were refined using FlexPepDock. Local molecular docking using GOLD (Genetic Optimization for Ligand Docking) showed that the SP40 peptide had the highest binding score to nucleolin followed by annexin A2, SCARB2 and human tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase. The average GoldScore for 5 top-scoring models of human cyclophilin, fibronectin, human galectin, DC-SIGN and vimentin were almost similar. Analysis of the nucleolin-SP40 peptide complex showed that SP40 peptide binds to the RNA binding domains (RBDs) of nucleolin. Furthermore, receptor blocking by specific monoclonal antibody was performed for seven cell receptors of EV-A71 and the results showed that the blocking of nucleolin by anti-nucleolin alone conferred a 93% reduction in viral infectivity. Maximum viral inhibition (99.5%) occurred when SCARB2 was concurrently blocked with anti-SCARB2 and the SP40 peptide. This is the first report to reveal the mechanism of action of SP40 peptide in silico through molecular docking analysis. This study provides information on the possible binding site of SP40 peptide to EV-A71 cellular receptors. Such information could be useful to further validate the interaction of the SP40 peptide with nucleolin by site-directed mutagenesis of the nucleolin binding site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malihe Masomian
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.L.P.); Tel.: +603-74918622 (ext. 7603) (M.M.); +603-74918622 (ext. 7338) (C.L.P.)
| | | | - Chit Laa Poh
- Correspondence: (M.M.); (C.L.P.); Tel.: +603-74918622 (ext. 7603) (M.M.); +603-74918622 (ext. 7338) (C.L.P.)
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Wei YP, Yao LY, Wu YY, Liu X, Peng LH, Tian YL, Ding JH, Li KH, He QG. Critical Review of Synthesis, Toxicology and Detection of Acyclovir. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26216566. [PMID: 34770975 PMCID: PMC8587948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acyclovir (ACV) is an effective and selective antiviral drug, and the study of its toxicology and the use of appropriate detection techniques to control its toxicity at safe levels are extremely important for medicine efforts and human health. This review discusses the mechanism driving ACV’s ability to inhibit viral coding, starting from its development and pharmacology. A comprehensive summary of the existing preparation methods and synthetic materials, such as 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide, guanine and its derivatives, and other purine derivatives, is presented to elucidate the preparation of ACV in detail. In addition, it presents valuable analytical procedures for the toxicological studies of ACV, which are essential for human use and dosing. Analytical methods, including spectrophotometry, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), electrochemical sensors, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs), and flow injection–chemiluminescence (FI-CL) are also highlighted. A brief description of the characteristics of each of these methods is also presented. Finally, insight is provided for the development of ACV to drive further innovation of ACV in pharmaceutical applications. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the past life and future challenges of ACV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Ping Wei
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.-P.W.); (Y.-Y.W.); (L.-H.P.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Zhuzhou People’s Hospital, Zhuzhou 412001, China; (X.L.); (J.-H.D.)
- Hunan Qianjin Xiangjiang Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412001, China;
| | - Liang-Yuan Yao
- Hunan Qianjin Xiangjiang Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412001, China;
| | - Yi-Yong Wu
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.-P.W.); (Y.-Y.W.); (L.-H.P.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Xia Liu
- Zhuzhou People’s Hospital, Zhuzhou 412001, China; (X.L.); (J.-H.D.)
| | - Li-Hong Peng
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.-P.W.); (Y.-Y.W.); (L.-H.P.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Ya-Ling Tian
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.-P.W.); (Y.-Y.W.); (L.-H.P.); (Y.-L.T.)
| | - Jian-Hua Ding
- Zhuzhou People’s Hospital, Zhuzhou 412001, China; (X.L.); (J.-H.D.)
| | - Kang-Hua Li
- Zhuzhou People’s Hospital, Zhuzhou 412001, China; (X.L.); (J.-H.D.)
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (Q.-G.H.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-2218-3426 (Q.-G.H.)
| | - Quan-Guo He
- School of Life Science and Chemistry, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (Y.-P.W.); (Y.-Y.W.); (L.-H.P.); (Y.-L.T.)
- Zhuzhou People’s Hospital, Zhuzhou 412001, China; (X.L.); (J.-H.D.)
- Hunan Qianjin Xiangjiang Pharmaceutical Joint Stock Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412001, China;
- Correspondence: (K.-H.L.); (Q.-G.H.); Tel./Fax: +86-731-2218-3426 (Q.-G.H.)
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Rogolino D, Naesens L, Bartoli J, Carcelli M, De Luca L, Pelosi G, Stokes RW, Van Berwaer R, Vittorio S, Stevaert A, Cohen SM. Exploration of the 2,3-dihydroisoindole pharmacophore for inhibition of the influenza virus PA endonuclease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105388. [PMID: 34670331 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Seasonal influenza A and B viruses represent a global concern. Antiviral drugs are crucial to treat severe influenza in high-risk patients and prevent virus spread in case of a pandemic. The emergence of viruses showing drug resistance, in particular for the recently licensed polymerase inhibitor baloxavir marboxil, drives the need for developing alternative antivirals. The endonuclease activity residing in the N-terminal domain of the polymerase acidic protein (PAN) is crucial for viral RNA synthesis and a validated target for drug design. Its function can be impaired by molecules bearing a metal-binding pharmacophore (MBP) able to coordinate the two divalent metal ions in the active site. In the present work, the 2,3-dihydro-6,7-dihydroxy-1H-isoindol-1-one scaffold is explored for the inhibition of influenza virus PA endonuclease. The structure-activity relationship was analysed by modifying the substituents on the lipophilic moiety linked to the MBP. The new compounds exhibited nanomolar inhibitory activity in a FRET-based enzymatic assay, and a few compounds (15-17, 21) offered inhibition in the micromolar range, in a cell-based influenza virus polymerase assay. When investigated against a panel of PA-mutant forms, compound 17 was shown to retain full activity against the baloxavir-resistant I38T mutant. This was corroborated by docking studies providing insight into the binding mode of this novel class of PA inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominga Rogolino
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici) Parma Unit, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Lieve Naesens
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jennifer Bartoli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici) Parma Unit, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Mauro Carcelli
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici) Parma Unit, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Laura De Luca
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, Messina I-98168, Italy
| | - Giorgio Pelosi
- Department of Chemistry, Life Sciences and Environmental Sustainability, University of Parma, and CIRCMSB (Consorzio Interuniversitario di Ricerca in Chimica dei Metalli nei Sistemi Biologici) Parma Unit, 43124 Parma, Italy
| | - Ryjul W Stokes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
| | - Ria Van Berwaer
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Serena Vittorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Biologiche, Farmaceutiche e Ambientali, Polo Universitario SS. Annunziata, Università di Messina, Viale Palatucci 13, Messina I-98168, Italy
| | - Annelies Stevaert
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Seth M Cohen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, United States
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Algethami FK, Cherif M, Jlizi S, Ben Hamadi N, Romdhane A, Elamin MR, Alghamdi MA, Ben Jannet H. Design, Microwave-Assisted Synthesis and In Silico Prediction Study of Novel Isoxazole Linked Pyranopyrimidinone Conjugates as New Targets for Searching Potential Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Agents. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206103. [PMID: 34684683 PMCID: PMC8537412 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of novel naphthopyrano[2,3-d]pyrimidin-11(12H)-one containing isoxazole nucleus 4 was synthesized under microwave irradiation and classical conditions in moderate to excellent yields upon 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction using various arylnitrile oxides under copper(I) catalyst. A one-pot, three-component reaction, N-propargylation and Dimroth rearrangement were used as the key steps for the preparation of the dipolarophiles3. The structures of the synthesized compounds were established by 1H NMR, 13C NMR and HRMS-ES means. The present study aims to also predict the theoretical assembly of the COVID-19 protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro) and to discover in advance whether this protein can be targeted by the compounds 4a–1 and thus be synthesized. The docking scores of these compounds were compared to those of the co-crystallized native ligand inhibitor (N3) which was used as a reference standard. The results showed that all the synthesized compounds (4a–l) gave interesting binding scores compared to those of N3 inhibitor. It was found that compounds 4a, 4e and 4i achieved greatly similar binding scores and modes of interaction than N3, indicating promising affinity towards SARS-CoV-2 Mpro. On the other hand, the derivatives 4k, 4h and 4j showed binding energy scores (−8.9, −8.5 and −8.4 kcal/mol, respectively) higher than the Mpro N3 inhibitor (−7.0 kcal/mol), revealing, in their turn, a strong interaction with the target protease, although their interactions were not entirely comparable to that of the reference N3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal K. Algethami
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (N.B.H.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.A.)
- Correspondence: (F.K.A.); (H.B.J.)
| | - Maher Cherif
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Salma Jlizi
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Naoufel Ben Hamadi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (N.B.H.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.A.)
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Anis Romdhane
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
| | - Mohamed R. Elamin
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (N.B.H.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Mashael A. Alghamdi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11432, Saudi Arabia; (N.B.H.); (M.R.E.); (M.A.A.)
| | - Hichem Ben Jannet
- Laboratory of Heterocyclic Chemistry, Natural Products and Reactivity (LR11ES39), Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Team, Faculty of Science of Monastir, University of Monastir, Avenue of Environment, Monastir 5019, Tunisia; (M.C.); (S.J.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: (F.K.A.); (H.B.J.)
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Marinescu M. Biginelli Reaction Mediated Synthesis of Antimicrobial Pyrimidine Derivatives and Their Therapeutic Properties. Molecules 2021; 26:6022. [PMID: 34641566 PMCID: PMC8512088 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance was one of the top priorities for global public health before the start of the 2019 coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19). Moreover, in this changing medical landscape due to COVID-19, finding new organic structures with antimicrobial and antiviral properties is a priority in current research. The Biginelli synthesis that mediates the production of pyrimidine compounds has been intensively studied in recent decades, especially due to the therapeutic properties of the resulting compounds, such as calcium channel blockers, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory or antioxidant compounds. In this review we aim to review the Biginelli syntheses reported recently in the literature that mediates the synthesis of antimicrobial compounds, the spectrum of their medicinal properties, and the structure-activity relationship in the studied compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Marinescu
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Catalysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Soseaua Panduri, 030018 Bucharest, Romania
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Wang K, Wu JJ, Xin-Zhang, Zeng QX, Zhang N, Huang WJ, Tang S, Wang YX, Kong WJ, Wang YC, Li YH, Song DQ. Discovery and evolution of 12N-substituted aloperine derivatives as anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents through targeting late entry stage. Bioorg Chem 2021; 115:105196. [PMID: 34333425 PMCID: PMC8318836 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
So far, there is still no specific drug against COVID-19. Taking compound 1 with anti-EBOV activity as the lead, fifty-four 12N-substituted aloperine derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for the anti-SARS-CoV-2 activities using pseudotyped virus model. Among them, 8a exhibited the most potential effects against both pseudotyped and authentic SARS-CoV-2, as well as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, indicating a broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus profile. The mechanism study disclosed that 8a might block a late stage of viral entry, mainly via inhibiting host cathepsin B activity rather than directly targeting cathepsin B protein. Also, 8a could significantly reduce the release of multiple inflammatory cytokines in a time- and dose-dependent manner, such as IL-6, IL-1β, IL-8 and MCP-1, the major contributors to cytokine storm. Therefore, 8a is a promising agent with the advantages of broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus and anti-cytokine effects, thus worthy of further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jia-Jing Wu
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Xin-Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qing-Xuan Zeng
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Na Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei-Jin Huang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Sheng Tang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Wei-Jia Kong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China
| | - You-Chun Wang
- Division of HIV/AIDS and Sex-Transmitted Virus Vaccines, Institute for Biological Product Control, National Institutes for Food and Drug Control (NIFDC) and WHO Collaborating Center for Standardization and Evaluation of Biologicals, Beijing 102629, China
| | - Ying-Hong Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China; State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance & Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Dan-Qing Song
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Antimicrobial Agents, Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Al-Wahaibi LH, Mostafa A, Mostafa YA, Abou-Ghadir OF, Abdelazeem AH, Gouda AM, Kutkat O, Abo Shama NM, Shehata M, Gomaa HAM, Abdelrahman MH, Mohamed FAM, Gu X, Ali MA, Trembleau L, Youssif BGM. Discovery of novel oxazole-based macrocycles as anti-coronaviral agents targeting SARS-CoV-2 main protease. Bioorg Chem 2021; 116:105363. [PMID: 34555629 PMCID: PMC8445767 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
We have discovered a family of synthetic oxazole-based macrocycles to be active against SARS-CoV-2. The synthesis, pharmacological properties, and docking studies of the compounds are reported in this study. The structure of the new macrocycles was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Compounds 13, 14, and 15a-c were evaluated for their anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity on SARS-COV-2 (NRC-03-nhCoV) virus in Vero-E6 cells. Isopropyl triester 13 and triacid 14 demonstrated superior inhibitory activities against SARS-CoV-2 compared to carboxamides 15a-c. MTT cytotoxicity assays showed that the CC50 (50% cytotoxicity concentration) of 13, 14, and 15a-c ranged from 159.1 to 741.8 μM and their safety indices ranged from 2.50 to 39.1. Study of the viral inhibition via different mechanisms of action (viral adsorption, replication, or virucidal property) showed that 14 had mild virucidal (60%) and inhibitory effects on virus adsorption (66%) at 20 μM concentrations. Compound 13 displayed several inhibitory effects at three levels, but the potency of its action is primarily virucidal. The inhibitory activity of compounds 13, 14, and 15a-c against the enzyme SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was evaluated. Isopropyl triester 13 had a significant inhibition activity against SARS-CoV-2 Mpro with an IC50 of 2.58 µM. Large substituents on the macrocyclic template significantly reduced the inhibitory effects of the compounds. Study of the docking of the compounds in the SARS CoV-2-Mpro active site showed that the most potent macrocycles 13 and 14 exhibited the best fit and highest affinity for the active site binding pocket. Taken together, the present study shows that the new macrocyclic compounds constitute a new family of SARS CoV-2-Mpro inhibitors that are worth being further optimized and developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya H Al-Wahaibi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Yaser A Mostafa
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ola F Abou-Ghadir
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Ahmed H Abdelazeem
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Riyadh Elm University, Riyadh 11681, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Gouda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt
| | - Omnia Kutkat
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Noura M Abo Shama
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mahmoud Shehata
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Hesham A M Gomaa
- Pharmacology Department, College of Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mostafa H Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt; Chemistry Department, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Fatma A M Mohamed
- Clinical Laboratory Science Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Aljouf 72341, Saudi Arabia; Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
| | - Xuyuan Gu
- Chemistry Department, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Laurent Trembleau
- Chemistry Department, School of Natural and Computing Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Meston Building, Aberdeen AB24 3UE, United Kingdom.
| | - Bahaa G M Youssif
- Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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Wei D, Hu T, Zhang Y, Zheng W, Xue H, Shen J, Xie Y, Aisa HA. Potency and pharmacokinetics of GS-441524 derivatives against SARS-CoV-2. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 46:116364. [PMID: 34450570 PMCID: PMC8354861 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The nucleoside metabolite of remdesivir, GS-441524 displays potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 efficacy, and is being evaluated in clinical as an oral antiviral therapeutic for COVID-19. However, this nucleoside has a poor oral bioavailability in non-human primates, which may affect its therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we reported a variety of GS-441524 analogs with modifications on the base or the sugar moiety, as well as some prodrug forms, including five isobutyryl esters, two l-valine esters, and one carbamate. Among the new nucleosides, only the 7-fluoro analog 3c had moderate anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity, and its phosphoramidate prodrug 7 exhibited reduced activity in Vero E6 cells. As for the prodrugs, the 3'-isobutyryl ester 5a, the 5'-isobutyryl ester 5c, and the tri-isobutyryl ester 5g hydrobromide showed excellent oral bioavailabilities (F = 71.6%, 86.6% and 98.7%, respectively) in mice, which provided good insight into the pharmacokinetic optimization of GS-441524.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daibao Wei
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Tianwen Hu
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wei Zheng
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Haitao Xue
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jingshan Shen
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuanchao Xie
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Haji A Aisa
- State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, South Beijing Road 40-1, Urumqi 830011, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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40
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Ma Y, Wisuthiphaet N, Nitin N, Sun G. A Novel N-Halamine Biocidal Nanofibrous Membrane for Chlorine Rechargeable Rapid Water Disinfection Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:41056-41065. [PMID: 34412464 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c10133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Disinfecting pathogenic contaminated water rapidly and effectively on sites is one of the critical challenges at point-of-use (POU) situations. Currently available technologies are still suffering from irreversible depletion of disinfectants, generation of toxic by-products, and potential biofouling problems. Herein, we developed a chlorine rechargeable biocidal nanofibrous membrane, poly(acrylonitrile-co-5-methyl-5-(4'-vinylphenyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione) (P(AN-VAPH)), via a combination of a free radical copolymerization reaction and electrospun technology. The copolymer exhibits good electrospinnability and desirable mechanical properties. Also, the 5-methyl-5-(4'-vinylphenyl)imidazolidine-2,4-dione (VAPH) moieties containing unique hydantoin structures are able to be chlorinated and converted to halamine structures, enabling the P(AN-VAPH) nanofibrous membrane with rapid and durable biocidal activity. The chlorinated P(AN-VAPH) nanofibrous membranes showed intriguing features of unique 3D morphological structures with large specific surface area, good mechanical performance, rechargeable chlorination capacity (>5000 ppm), long-term durability, and desirable biocidal activity against both bacteria and viruses (>99.9999% within 2 min of contact). With these attributes, the chlorinated P(AN-VAPH) membranes demonstrated promising disinfecting efficiency against concentrated bacteria-contaminated water during direct filtration applications with superior killing capacity and high flowing flux (5000 L m-2 h-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Ma
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nicharee Wisuthiphaet
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Nitin Nitin
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Gang Sun
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
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41
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Seliem IA, Panda SS, Girgis AS, Moatasim Y, Kandeil A, Mostafa A, Ali MA, Nossier ES, Rasslan F, Srour AM, Sakhuja R, Ibrahim TS, Abdel-Samii ZKM, Al-Mahmoudy AMM. New quinoline-triazole conjugates: Synthesis, and antiviral properties against SARS-CoV-2. Bioorg Chem 2021; 114:105117. [PMID: 34214752 PMCID: PMC8219945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
At present therapeutic options for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) are very limited. We designed and synthesized three sets of small molecules using quinoline scaffolds. A series of quinoline conjugates (10a-l, 11a-c, and 12a-e) by incorporating 1,2,3-triazole were synthesized via a modified microwave-assisted click chemistry technique. Among the synthesized conjugates, 4-((1-(2-chlorophenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methoxy)-6-fluoro-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline (10g) and 6-fluoro-4-(2-(1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)ethoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)quinoline (12c) show high potency against SARS-CoV-2. The selectivity index (SI) of compounds 10g and 12c also indicates the significant efficacy compared to the reference drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israa A Seliem
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Siva S Panda
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Adel S Girgis
- Department of Pesticide Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Yassmin Moatasim
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Kandeil
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Mostafa
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Ali
- Center of Scientific Excellence for Influenza Viruses, National Research Centre, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Eman S Nossier
- Department of Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry and Drug Design, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatma Rasslan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy (Girls), Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aladdin M Srour
- Department of Therapeutic Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Rajeev Sakhuja
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, India
| | - Tarek S Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zakaria K M Abdel-Samii
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
| | - Amany M M Al-Mahmoudy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Nageswara Rao D, Zephyr J, Henes M, Chan ET, Matthew AN, Hedger AK, Conway HL, Saeed M, Newton A, Petropoulos CJ, Huang W, Kurt Yilmaz N, Schiffer CA, Ali A. Discovery of Quinoxaline-Based P1-P3 Macrocyclic NS3/4A Protease Inhibitors with Potent Activity against Drug-Resistant Hepatitis C Virus Variants. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11972-11989. [PMID: 34405680 PMCID: PMC9228641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The three pan-genotypic HCV NS3/4A protease inhibitors (PIs) currently in clinical use-grazoprevir, glecaprevir, and voxilaprevir-are quinoxaline-based P2-P4 macrocycles and thus exhibit similar resistance profiles. Using our quinoxaline-based P1-P3 macrocyclic lead compounds as an alternative chemical scaffold, we explored structure-activity relationships (SARs) at the P2 and P4 positions to develop pan-genotypic PIs that avoid drug resistance. A structure-guided strategy was used to design and synthesize two series of compounds with different P2 quinoxalines in combination with diverse P4 groups of varying sizes and shapes, with and without fluorine substitutions. Our SAR data and cocrystal structures revealed the interplay between the P2 and P4 groups, which influenced inhibitor binding and the overall resistance profile. Optimizing inhibitor interactions in the S4 pocket led to PIs with excellent antiviral activity against clinically relevant PI-resistant HCV variants and genotype 3, providing potential pan-genotypic inhibitors with improved resistance profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desaboini Nageswara Rao
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Jacqueto Zephyr
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Mina Henes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Elise T Chan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Ashley N Matthew
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Adam K Hedger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Hasahn L Conway
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Mohsan Saeed
- Department of Biochemistry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
- National Emerging Infectious Diseases Laboratories (NEIDL), Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts 02118, United States
| | - Alicia Newton
- Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | | | - Wei Huang
- Monogram Biosciences, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Nese Kurt Yilmaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Celia A Schiffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Akbar Ali
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
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43
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Barraza SJ, Sindac JA, Dobry CJ, Delekta PC, Lee PH, Miller DJ, Larsen SD. Synthesis and biological activity of conformationally restricted indole-based inhibitors of neurotropic alphavirus replication: Generation of a three-dimensional pharmacophore. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2021; 46:128171. [PMID: 34098081 PMCID: PMC8272561 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2021.128171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have previously reported the development of indole-based CNS-active antivirals for the treatment of neurotropic alphavirus infection, but further optimization is impeded by a lack of knowledge of the molecular target and binding site. Herein we describe the design, synthesis and evaluation of a series of conformationally restricted analogues with the dual objectives of improving potency/selectivity and identifying the most bioactive conformation. Although this campaign was only modestly successful at improving potency, the sharply defined SAR of the rigid analogs enabled the definition of a three-dimensional pharmacophore, which we believe will be of value in further analog design and virtual screening for alternative antiviral leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott J Barraza
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Janice A Sindac
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Craig J Dobry
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Philip C Delekta
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Pil H Lee
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - David J Miller
- Departments of Internal Medicine and Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States
| | - Scott D Larsen
- Vahlteich Medicinal Chemistry Core, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, United States.
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Wang YT, Yang CH, Huang KS, Shaw JF. Chlorophyllides: Preparation, Purification, and Application. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11081115. [PMID: 34439782 PMCID: PMC8392590 DOI: 10.3390/biom11081115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlorophyllides can be found in photosynthetic organisms. Generally, chlorophyllides have a-, b-, c-, d-, and f-type derivatives, and all chlorophyllides have a tetrapyrrole structure with a Mg ion at the center and a fifth isocyclic pentanone. Chlorophyllide a can be synthesized from protochlorophyllide a, divinyl chlorophyllide a, or chlorophyll. In addition, chlorophyllide a can be transformed into chlorophyllide b, chlorophyllide d, or chlorophyllide f. Chlorophyllide c can be synthesized from protochlorophyllide a or divinyl protochlorophyllide a. Chlorophyllides have been extensively used in food, medicine, and pharmaceutical applications. Furthermore, chlorophyllides exhibit many biological activities, such as anti-growth, antimicrobial, antiviral, antipathogenic, and antiproliferative activity. The photosensitivity of chlorophyllides that is applied in mercury electrodes and sensors were discussed. This article is the first detailed review dedicated specifically to chlorophyllides. Thus, this review aims to describe the definition of chlorophyllides, biosynthetic routes of chlorophyllides, purification of chlorophyllides, and applications of chlorophyllides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ting Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Chih-Hui Yang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Pharmacy Department of E-Da Hospital, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Taiwan Instrument Research Institute, National Applied Research Laboratories, Taipei 106214, Taiwan
| | - Keng-Shiang Huang
- The School of Chinese Medicine for Post-Baccalaureate, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (K.-S.H.); (J.-F.S.); Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7063) (K.-S.H.); +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7310) (J.-F.S.); Fax: +886-7-6151959 (J.-F.S.)
| | - Jei-Fu Shaw
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung 82445, Taiwan; (Y.-T.W.); (C.-H.Y.)
- Correspondence: (K.-S.H.); (J.-F.S.); Tel.: +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7063) (K.-S.H.); +886-7-6151100 (ext. 7310) (J.-F.S.); Fax: +886-7-6151959 (J.-F.S.)
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45
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Dampalla CS, Kim Y, Bickmeier N, Rathnayake AD, Nguyen HN, Zheng J, Kashipathy MM, Baird MA, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Perlman S, Chang KO, Groutas WC. Structure-Guided Design of Conformationally Constrained Cyclohexane Inhibitors of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 3CL Protease. J Med Chem 2021; 64:10047-10058. [PMID: 34213885 PMCID: PMC8276672 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A series of nondeuterated and deuterated dipeptidyl aldehyde and masked aldehyde inhibitors that incorporate in their structure a conformationally constrained cyclohexane moiety was synthesized and found to potently inhibit severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 3CL protease in biochemical and cell-based assays. Several of the inhibitors were also found to be nanomolar inhibitors of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus 3CL protease. The corresponding latent aldehyde bisulfite adducts were found to be equipotent to the precursor aldehydes. High-resolution cocrystal structures confirmed the mechanism of action and illuminated the structural determinants involved in binding. The spatial disposition of the compounds disclosed herein provides an effective means of accessing new chemical space and optimizing pharmacological activity. The cellular permeability of the identified inhibitors and lack of cytotoxicity warrant their advancement as potential therapeutics for COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Naemi Bickmeier
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Athri D. Rathnayake
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Harry Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Matthew A. Baird
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
| | | | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66047, USA
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine & Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - William C. Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, Kansas 67260, USA
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46
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Dampalla CS, Zheng J, Perera KD, Wong LYR, Meyerholz DK, Nguyen HN, Kashipathy MM, Battaile KP, Lovell S, Kim Y, Perlman S, Groutas WC, Chang KO. Postinfection treatment with a protease inhibitor increases survival of mice with a fatal SARS-CoV-2 infection. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2101555118. [PMID: 34210738 PMCID: PMC8307543 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2101555118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection continues to be a serious global public health threat. The 3C-like protease (3CLpro) is a virus protease encoded by SARS-CoV-2, which is essential for virus replication. We have previously reported a series of small-molecule 3CLpro inhibitors effective for inhibiting replication of human coronaviruses including SARS-CoV-2 in cell culture and in animal models. Here we generated a series of deuterated variants of a 3CLpro inhibitor, GC376, and evaluated the antiviral effect against SARS-CoV-2. The deuterated GC376 displayed potent inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV-2 in the enzyme- and the cell-based assays. The K18-hACE2 mice develop mild to lethal infection commensurate with SARS-CoV-2 challenge doses and were proposed as a model for efficacy testing of antiviral agents. We treated lethally infected mice with a deuterated derivative of GC376. Treatment of K18-hACE2 mice at 24 h postinfection with a derivative (compound 2) resulted in increased survival of mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. Lung virus titers were decreased, and histopathological changes were ameliorated in compound 2-treated mice compared to vehicle-treated mice. Structural investigation using high-resolution crystallography illuminated binding interactions of 3CLpro of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV with deuterated variants of GC376. Taken together, deuterated GC376 variants have excellent potential as antiviral agents against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Zheng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Krishani Dinali Perera
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506
| | - Lok-Yin Roy Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - David K Meyerholz
- Department of Pathology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Harry Nhat Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260
| | | | | | - Scott Lovell
- Protein Structure Laboratory, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047
| | - Yunjeong Kim
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506;
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242;
| | - William C Groutas
- Department of Chemistry, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260;
| | - Kyeong-Ok Chang
- Department of Diagnostic Medicine and Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506;
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47
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Abstract
A significant number of antiviral agents used in clinical practice are amino acids, short peptides, or peptidomimetics. Among them, several HIV protease inhibitors (e. g. lopinavir, atazanavir), HCV protease inhibitors (e. g. grazoprevir, glecaprevir), and HCV NS5A protein inhibitors have contributed to a significant decrease in mortality from AIDS and hepatitis. However, there is an ongoing need for the discovery of new antiviral agents and the development of existing drugs; amino acids, both proteinogenic and non-proteinogenic in nature, serve as convenient building blocks for this purpose. The synthesis of non-proteinogenic amino acid components of antiviral agents could be challenging due to the need for enantiomerically or diastereomerically pure products. Herein, we present a concise review of antiviral agents whose structures are based on amino acids of both natural and unnatural origin. Special attention is paid to the synthetic aspects of non-proteinogenic amino acid components of those agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej S Skwarecki
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biochemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Michał G Nowak
- Department of Organic Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Maria J Milewska
- Department of Organic Chemistry and BioTechMed Center, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Gabriela Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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48
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Almaraz-Girón MA, Calderón-Jaimes E, Carrillo AS, Díaz-Cervantes E, Alonso EC, Islas-Jácome A, Domínguez-Ortiz A, Castañón-Alonso SL. Search for Non-Protein Protease Inhibitors Constituted with an Indole and Acetylene Core. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133817. [PMID: 34201422 PMCID: PMC8270299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A possible inhibitor of proteases, which contains an indole core and an aromatic polar acetylene, was designed and synthesized. This indole derivative has a molecular architecture kindred to biologically relevant species and was obtained through five synthetic steps with an overall yield of 37% from the 2,2'-(phenylazanediyl)di(ethan-1-ol). The indole derivative was evaluated through docking assays using the main protease (SARS-CoV-2-Mpro) as a molecular target, which plays a key role in the replication process of this virus. Additionally, the indole derivative was evaluated as an inhibitor of the enzyme kallikrein 5 (KLK5), which is a serine protease that can be considered as an anticancer drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco A. Almaraz-Girón
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Ernesto Calderón-Jaimes
- Laboratory de Investigación en Inmunoquímica, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez Nº 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (A.S.C.); (E.C.A.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.-J.); (E.D.-C.); (S.L.C.-A.); Tel.: +52-55-5804-4600 (S.L.C.-A.)
| | - Adrián Sánchez Carrillo
- Laboratory de Investigación en Inmunoquímica, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez Nº 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (A.S.C.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Erik Díaz-Cervantes
- Centro Interdisciplinario del Noreste, Departament de Alimentos, Universidad de Guanajuato, Tierra Blanca, Guanajuato C.P. 37975, Mexico
- Correspondence: (E.C.-J.); (E.D.-C.); (S.L.C.-A.); Tel.: +52-55-5804-4600 (S.L.C.-A.)
| | - Edith Castañón Alonso
- Laboratory de Investigación en Inmunoquímica, Unidad de Investigación en Inmunología Proteómica, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Calle Dr. Márquez Nº 162, Col. Doctores, Delegación Cuauhtémoc, Ciudad de México C.P. 06720, Mexico; (A.S.C.); (E.C.A.)
| | - Alejandro Islas-Jácome
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Armando Domínguez-Ortiz
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
| | - Sandra L. Castañón-Alonso
- Departament de Química, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Iztapalapa, San Rafael Atlixco 186, Col. Vicentina, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México C.P. 09340, Mexico; (M.A.A.-G.); (A.I.-J.); (A.D.-O.)
- Correspondence: (E.C.-J.); (E.D.-C.); (S.L.C.-A.); Tel.: +52-55-5804-4600 (S.L.C.-A.)
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49
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Soto-Acosta R, Jung E, Qiu L, Wilson DJ, Geraghty RJ, Chen L. 4,7-Disubstituted 7 H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and Their Analogs as Antiviral Agents against Zika Virus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133779. [PMID: 34206327 PMCID: PMC8270260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of compound 1 as a Zika virus (ZIKV) inhibitor has prompted us to investigate its 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold, revealing structural features that elicit antiviral activity. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that 9H-purine or 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine can serve as an alternative core structure. Overall, we have identified 4,7-disubstituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their analogs including compounds 1, 8 and 11 as promising antiviral agents against flaviviruses ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV). While the molecular target of these compounds is yet to be elucidated, 4,7-disubstituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their analogs are new chemotypes in the design of small molecules against flaviviruses, an important group of human pathogens.
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50
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Shatalov DO, Kedik SA, Ivanov IS, Aydakova AV, Akhmedova DA, Minenkov DS, Beliakov SV, Herbst A, Greiner L, Kozlovskaya LI, Volok VP. Development of a Promising Method for Producing Oligomeric Mixture of Branched Alkylene Guanidines to Improve Substance Quality and Evaluate Their Antiviral Activity against SARS-CoV-2. Molecules 2021; 26:3472. [PMID: 34200418 PMCID: PMC8201297 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26113472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reports the synthesis of branched alkylene guanidines using microfluidic technologies. We describe the preparation of guanidine derivatives at lower temperatures, and with significantly less time than that required in the previously applicable method. Furthermore, the use of microfluidics allows the attainment of high-purity products with a low residual monomer content, which can expand the range of applications of this class of compounds. For all the samples obtained, the molecular-weight characteristics are calculated, based on which the optimal condensation conditions are established. Additionally, in this work, the antiviral activity of the alkylene guanidine salt against the SARS-CoV-2 virus is confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis O. Shatalov
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after Lomonosov, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (S.A.K.); (I.S.I.); (A.V.A.); (S.V.B.)
| | - Stanislav A. Kedik
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after Lomonosov, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (S.A.K.); (I.S.I.); (A.V.A.); (S.V.B.)
| | - Ivan S. Ivanov
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after Lomonosov, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (S.A.K.); (I.S.I.); (A.V.A.); (S.V.B.)
| | - Anna V. Aydakova
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after Lomonosov, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (S.A.K.); (I.S.I.); (A.V.A.); (S.V.B.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | - Diana A. Akhmedova
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after Lomonosov, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (S.A.K.); (I.S.I.); (A.V.A.); (S.V.B.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, 119571 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Sergei V. Beliakov
- Institute of Fine Chemical Technologies Named after Lomonosov, MIREA—Russian Technological University, 119571 Moscow, Russia; (D.O.S.); (S.A.K.); (I.S.I.); (A.V.A.); (S.V.B.)
| | | | - Lasse Greiner
- Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, 68163 Mannheim, Germany;
| | - Liubov I. Kozlovskaya
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.K.); (V.P.V.)
- Institute of Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov Moscow State Medical University, 117418 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktor P. Volok
- FSBSI “Chumakov FSC R&D IBP RAS”, 108819 Moscow, Russia; (L.I.K.); (V.P.V.)
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