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Horvat M, Avbelj M, Durán-Alonso MB, Banjanac M, Petković H, Iskra J. Antiviral Activities of Halogenated Emodin Derivatives against Human Coronavirus NL63. Molecules 2021; 26:6825. [PMID: 34833917 PMCID: PMC8618202 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The current COVID-19 outbreak has highlighted the need for the development of new vaccines and drugs to combat Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Recently, various drugs have been proposed as potentially effective against COVID-19, such as remdesivir, infliximab and imatinib. Natural plants have been used as an alternative source of drugs for thousands of years, and some of them are effective for the treatment of various viral diseases. Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione) is a biologically active anthraquinone with antiviral activity that is found in various plants. We studied the selectivity of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions on an emodin core (halogenation, nitration and sulfonation), which resulted in a library of emodin derivatives. The main aim of this work was to carry out an initial evaluation of the potential to improve the activity of emodin against human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) and also to generate a set of initial SAR guidelines. We have prepared emodin derivatives which displayed significant anti-HCoV-NL63 activity. We observed that halogenation of emodin can improve its antiviral activity. The most active compound in this study was the iodinated emodin analogue E_3I, whose anti-HCoV-NL63 activity was comparable to that of remdesivir. Evaluation of the emodin analogues also revealed some unwanted toxicity to Vero cells. Since new synthetic routes are now available that allow modification of the emodin structure, it is reasonable to expect that analogues with significantly improved anti-HCoV-NL63 activity and lowered toxicity may thus be generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Horvat
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Martina Avbelj
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - María Beatriz Durán-Alonso
- Unit of Excellence, Institute of Biology and Molecular Genetics (IBGM), University of Valladolid-CSIC, 47003 Valladolid, Spain;
| | - Mihailo Banjanac
- Fidelta d.o.o., Prilaz baruna Filipovića 29, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia;
| | - Hrvoje Petković
- Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Jernej Iskra
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 113, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
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Li Z, Meng S, Zheng Q, Wu T. Complicated pulmonary human coronavirus-NL63 infection after a second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for acute B-lymphocytic leukemia: A case report. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e26446. [PMID: 34160438 PMCID: PMC8238287 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000026446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Viruses are the most common pathogens that can cause infection-related non-recurrent death after transplantation, occurring mostly from the early stages of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to within 1 year after transplantation. Human coronavirus (HCoV)-NL63 is a coronavirus that could cause mortality among patients with underlying disease complications. Serological tests are of limited diagnostic value in immunocompromised hosts and cases of latent infection reactivation. In contrast, macro-genomic high-throughput (DNA and RNA) sequencing allows for rapid and accurate diagnosis of infecting pathogens for targeted treatment. PATIENT CONCERNS In this report, we describe a patient who exhibited acute B-lymphocytic leukemia and developed complicated pulmonary HCoV-NL63 infection after a second allogeneic HSCT (allo-HSCT). Six months after the second allo-HSCT, he developed sudden-onset hyperthermia and cough with decreased oxygen saturation. Chest computed tomography (CT) suggested bilateral multiple rounded ground-glass opacities with the pulmonary lobules as units. DIAGNOSES HCoV-NL63 was detected by metagenomic next-generation sequencing (NGS), and HCoV-NL63 viral pneumonia was diagnosed. INTERVENTIONS The treatment was mainly based on the use of antiviral therapy, hormone administration, and gamma-globulin. OUTCOMES After the therapy, the body temperature returned to normal, the chest CT findings had improved on review, and the viral copy number eventually became negative. LESSONS The latest NGS is an effective method for early infection diagnosis. The HCoV-NL63 virus can cause inflammatory factor storm and alter the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR). This case suggests that the patient's NLR and cytokine levels could be monitored during the clinical treatment to assess the disease and its treatment outcome in a timely manner.
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MESH Headings
- Antiviral Agents/administration & dosage
- Coronavirus Infections/diagnosis
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/immunology
- Coronavirus Infections/virology
- Coronavirus NL63, Human/genetics
- Coronavirus NL63, Human/immunology
- Coronavirus NL63, Human/isolation & purification
- Drug Therapy, Combination/methods
- Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/adverse effects
- High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Humans
- Immunocompromised Host
- Leukemia, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, B-Cell/therapy
- Lung/diagnostic imaging
- Male
- Metagenomics
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/immunology
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Tomography, X-Ray Computed
- Transplantation, Homologous/adverse effects
- Young Adult
- gamma-Globulins/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihui Li
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation
| | - Shuo Meng
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation
| | - Qinlong Zheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, Beijing Boren Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Bone Marrow Transplantation
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Marshall NC, Kariyawasam RM, Zelyas N, Kanji JN, Diggle MA. Broad respiratory testing to identify SARS-CoV-2 viral co-circulation and inform diagnostic stewardship in the COVID-19 pandemic. Virol J 2021; 18:93. [PMID: 33933115 PMCID: PMC8087885 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-021-01545-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 infection can present with a broad clinical differential that includes many other respiratory viruses; therefore, accurate tests are crucial to distinguish true COVID-19 cases from pathogens that do not require urgent public health interventions. Co-circulation of other respiratory viruses is largely unknown during the COVID-19 pandemic but would inform strategies to rapidly and accurately test patients with respiratory symptoms. METHODS This study retrospectively examined 298,415 respiratory specimens collected from symptomatic patients for SARS-CoV-2 testing in the three months since COVID-19 was initially documented in the province of Alberta, Canada (March-May, 2020). By focusing on 52,285 specimens that were also tested with the Luminex Respiratory Pathogen Panel for 17 other pathogens, this study examines the prevalence of 18 potentially co-circulating pathogens and their relative rates in prior years versus since COVID-19 emerged, including four endemic coronaviruses. RESULTS SARS-CoV-2 was identified in 2.2% of all specimens. Parallel broad multiplex testing detected additional pathogens in only 3.4% of these SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens: significantly less than in SARS-CoV-2-negative specimens (p < 0.0001), suggesting very low rates of SARS-CoV-2 co-infection. Furthermore, the overall co-infection rate was significantly lower among specimens with SARS-CoV-2 detected (p < 0.0001). Finally, less than 0.005% of all specimens tested positive for both SARS-CoV-2 and any of the four endemic coronaviruses tested, strongly suggesting neither co-infection nor cross-reactivity between these coronaviruses. CONCLUSIONS Broad respiratory pathogen testing rarely detected additional pathogens in SARS-CoV-2-positive specimens. While helpful to understand co-circulation of respiratory viruses causing similar symptoms as COVID-19, ultimately these broad tests were resource-intensive and inflexible in a time when clinical laboratories face unprecedented demand for respiratory virus testing, with further increases expected during influenza season. A transition from broad, multiplex tests toward streamlined diagnostic algorithms targeting respiratory pathogens of public health concern could simultaneously reduce the overall burden on clinical laboratories while prioritizing testing of pathogens of public health importance. This is particularly valuable with ongoing strains on testing resources, exacerbated during influenza seasons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie C Marshall
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 2B4.01, Walter C. Mackenzie Centre, Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, 8440 - 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J2, Canada.
- Alberta Precision Laboratories - Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Ruwandi M Kariyawasam
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 2B4.01, Walter C. Mackenzie Centre, Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, 8440 - 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J2, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories - Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nathan Zelyas
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 2B4.01, Walter C. Mackenzie Centre, Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, 8440 - 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J2, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories - Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jamil N Kanji
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 2B4.01, Walter C. Mackenzie Centre, Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, 8440 - 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J2, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories - Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine & Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mathew A Diggle
- Division of Diagnostic and Applied Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, 2B4.01, Walter C. Mackenzie Centre, Provincial Laboratory of Public Health, 8440 - 112 Street, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2J2, Canada
- Alberta Precision Laboratories - Public Health Laboratory (ProvLab), Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Owusu M, Sylverken AA, El-Duah P, Acheampong G, Mutocheluh M, Adu-Sarkodie Y. Sero-epidemiology of human coronaviruses in three rural communities in Ghana. Pan Afr Med J 2021; 38:244. [PMID: 34104292 PMCID: PMC8164429 DOI: 10.11604/pamj.2021.38.244.26110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION acute respiratory tract infections (ARIs) are responsible for significant proportions of illnesses and deaths annually. Most of ARIs are of viral etiology, with human coronaviruses (HCoVs) playing a key role. This study was conducted prior to the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) to provide evidence about the sero-epidemiology of HCoVs in rural areas of Ghana. METHODS this was a cross-sectional study conducted as part of a large epidemiological study investigating the occurrence of respiratory viruses in 3 rural areas of Ghana; Buoyem, Kwamang and Forikrom. Serum samples were collected and tested for the presence of IgG-antibodies to three HCoVs; HCoV-229E, HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-NL63 using immunofluorescence assay. RESULTS of 201 subjects enrolled into the study, 97 (48.3%) were positive for all three viruses. The most prevalent virus was HCoV-229E (23%; 95% CI: 17.2 - 29.3), followed by HCoV-OC43 (17%; 95% CI: 12.4 - 23.4), then HCoV-NL63 (8%, 95% CI: 4.6 - 12.6). Subjects in Kwamang had the highest sero-prevalence for HCoV-NL63 (68.8%). human coronaviruses-229E (41.3%) and HCoV-OC43 (45.7%) were much higher in Forikrom compared to the other study areas. There was however no statistical difference between place of origin and HCoVs positivity. Although blood group O+ and B+ were most common among the recruited subjects, there was no significant association (p = 0.163) between blood group and HCoV infection. CONCLUSION this study reports a 48.3% sero-prevalence of HCoVs (OC43, NL63 and 229E) among rural communities in Ghana. The findings provide useful baseline data that could inform further sero-epidemiological studies on SARS-CoV-2 in Africa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Owusu
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Centre for Health Systems Strengthening, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Augustina Angelina Sylverken
- Kumasi Centre for Collaborative Research in Tropical Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Theoretical and Applied Biology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Philip El-Duah
- Institute of Virology, Charite, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Mohammed Mutocheluh
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Yaw Adu-Sarkodie
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Geng H, Wang S, Xie X, Xiao Y, Zhang T, Tan W, Su C. [Visual Detection of Human Coronavirus NL63 by Reverse Transcription Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification]. Bing Du Xue Bao 2016; 32:56-61. [PMID: 27295884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A simple and sensitive assay for rapid detection of human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) was developed by colorimetic reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP). The method employed six specially designed primers that recognized eight distinct regions of the HCoV-NL63 nucleocapsid protein gene for amplification of target sequences under isothermal conditions at 63 degrees C for 1 h Amplification of RT-LAMP was monitored by addition of calcein before amplification. A positive reaction was confirmed by change from light-brown to yellow-green under visual detection. Specificity of the RT-LAMP assay was validated by cross-reaction with different human coronaviruses, norovirus, influenza A virus, and influenza B virus. Sensitivity was evaluated by serial dilution of HCoV-NL63 RNA from 1.6 x 10(9) to 1.6 x 10(1) per reaction. The RT-LAMP assay could achieve 1,600 RNA copies per reaction with high specificity. Hence, our colorimetric RT-LAMP assay could be used for rapid detection of human coronavirus NL63.
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Huang SH, Su MC, Tien N, Huang CJ, Lan YC, Lin CS, Chen CH, Lin CW. Epidemiology of human coronavirus NL63 infection among hospitalized patients with pneumonia in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2015; 50:763-770. [PMID: 26746130 PMCID: PMC7105056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background/Purpose Human coronavirus (HCoV) NL63 is recognized in association with upper or lower respiratory tract illnesses in children. This study surveyed the prevalence of HCoV-NL63 and influenza viruses in patients with influenza-like illness in Taiwan during 2010–2011. Methods Throat samples from 107 hospitalized patients with pneumonia and 175 outpatients with influenza-like illness were examined using real-time polymerase chain reaction assays with virus-specific primers, and then virus-positive specimens were confirmed by sequencing the polymerase chain reaction products. Results HCoV-NL63 infection was identified in 8.4% (9/107) of hospitalized patients with pneumonia, but not found in outpatients with influenza-like illness. Age distribution of HCoV-NL63 infection in hospitalized patients with pneumonia indicated that the group aged 16–25 years (20%) had the highest positive rate compared with the other groups, and exhibited a similar age-specific pattern to influenza A/H1N1 infection, but not influenza A/H3N2 and B infections in hospitalized patients. Seasonal prevalence of HCoV-NL63 infection was late winter, overlapping the highest peak of the influenza A/H1N1 epidemic during December 2010 to March 2011 in Taiwan. Co-infection of HCoV-NL63 and influenza A/H1N1 was detected in three hospitalized patients. Clinical manifestation analysis indicated that the main symptoms for HCoV-NL63 infection included fever (88.9%), cough (77.8%), and pneumonia (100%). Co-infection caused significantly higher rates of breathing difficulties, cough, and sore throat than those of single infection with HCoV-NL63 and influenza A/H1N1. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a low level of heterogeneity between Taiwan and global HCoV-NL63 strains. Conclusion Understanding epidemiology of HCoV-NL63 in Taiwan provides an insight for worldwide surveillance of HCoV-NL63 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Hua Huang
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chi Su
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ni Tien
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Jhen Huang
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ching Lan
- Department of Health Risk Management, School of Public, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Sheng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hsien Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Wufeng, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Essa S, Owayed A, Altawalah H, Khadadah M, Behbehani N, Al-Nakib W. The Prevalence of Human Bocavirus, Human Coronavirus-NL63, Human Metapneumovirus, Human Polyomavirus KI and WU in Respiratory Tract Infections in Kuwait. Med Princ Pract 2015; 24:382-7. [PMID: 25925246 PMCID: PMC5588235 DOI: 10.1159/000381422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of human coronavirus (HCoV)-NL63, human metapneumovirus (hMPV), human bocavirus (Boca), human polyomavirus KI (KIV) and human polyomavirus WU (WUV) in respiratory tract infections (RTI) in Kuwait. MATERIALS AND METHODS Respiratory samples from 735 hospitalized patients with RTI from September 2010 to April 2013 were evaluated for the presence of HCoV-NL63, hMPV, Boca, KIV and WUV using molecular assays, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and reverse-transcription PCR. RESULTS Of the 735 patients, 285 (38.8%) were diagnosed with viral RTI. The distribution of respiratory viruses was hMPV: 15 (5.3%), Boca: 14 (4.9%), WUV: 10 (3.5%) and KIV: 4 (1.4%). HCoV-NL63 was not detected in any of the samples. CONCLUSIONS These newly discovered viruses were associated with the development of RTI in Kuwait. The rapid identification of these viral infections could aid in the control of nosocomial transmission, reduce the use of antibiotics and improve treatment and management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Essa
- Department of Microbiology, Safat, Kuwait
- *Dr. Sahar Sultan Essa, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, PO Box 24923, Safat 13110 (Kuwait), E-Mail
| | | | | | - Mousa Khadadah
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
| | - Nasser Behbehani
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait
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Jin Y, Zhang RF, Xie ZP, Gao HC, Yan KL, Yuan XH, Song JR, Hou YD, Duan ZJ. [The detection and clinical feature of HcoV-nL63 in children with acute respiratory tract infection in Lanzhou city]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2012; 26:409-411. [PMID: 23627015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the prevalence and clinical characterization of HCoV-NL63 (NL63) in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in Lanzhou with other respiratory viruses. The prevalence of HBoV1 in ALRTI was obviously city,China. METHOD From November 2006 to October 2009,1169 nasopharyngeal aspirates (NPA) were collected from children under 14 years old with ARTIs. Samples were screened for NL63 using a reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. Demography and clinical information were recorded. RESULT NL63 was detected in 35 (2.99%) of the 1169 children. The peak of the positive rate were in August, September 2007, July, August 2008 (23.53%,17.65%, 50%, 33.33% separately). There are no NL63 positive samples was detected in December, 2007 to February 2009. 25 (25/35, 71.43%) were co-infected with other respiratory viruses, and human rhinovirus (HRV) were the most common additional respiratory virus. No significant differences of infective rate of NL63 was found between < or = 3 years age group and > 3 years age group. Bronchiolitis and pneumonia were the most frequent diagnoses in NL63 positive patients and the major symptoms were fever and cough in our study. Between the monoinfection group and the coinfection group of NL63-positive patients, no differences were found in symptoms and clinical diagnoses except symptoms of gastrointestinal. CONCLUSION HCoV-NL63 is an important pathogen of acute respiratory tract infection in children in Lanzhou city. The peak of HCoV-NL63 infections was in summer. There were annual differences in the prevalence of HCoV-NL63. HCoV-NL63 infections existed a high rate of mixed infection, and mixed infection does not increase the severity of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin
- Nanjing Children' s Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, China
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Xin C, Yong ZZ, Yan L, Dong ZX. Human coronavirus NL63 in hospitalized children with respiratory infection: a 2-year study from Chongqing, China. Indian Pediatr 2012; 49:825-8. [PMID: 22728623 PMCID: PMC7096939 DOI: 10.1007/s13312-012-0194-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Human coronavirus (HCoV) NL63, a newly discovered coronavirus, has been associated with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRTI). We detected HCoV-NL63 via reverse transcriptional PCR (RT-PCR) in eight out of 878 respiratory specimens freshly collected from hospitalized children with ALRTI between April 2006 and March 2008 in Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University. Peak of HCoV-NL63 activity often appeared during the summer and autumn in Chongqing area. All children with HCoV-NL63 infection were <1 year of age. The diagnosis included bronchial pneumonia, bronchitis, interstitial pneumonia and bronchiolitis. All children recovered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Xin
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 China
| | - Zhang Zhi Yong
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 China
| | - Li Yan
- National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Zhao Xiao Dong
- Division of Nephrology and Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400014 China
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Leung TF, Chan PKS, Wong WKG, Ip M, Cheng WTF, Ng PC. Human coronavirus NL63 in children: epidemiology, disease spectrum, and genetic diversity. Hong Kong Med J 2012; 18 Suppl 2:27-30. [PMID: 22311358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Human coronaviruses (HCoVs)were detected in 2.5% of 2982 local children hospitalised for acute respiratory infections in 2005 to 2007. 2. Using the 'pancoronavirus' reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay, detection rates were 0.6% for HCoVNL63,1.2% for HCoV-OC43,0.5% for HCoV-HKU1, and 0.2% for HCoV-229E. Notably, HCoV-NL63 infections were significantly more common among children hospitalised in 2006/2007 (1.2%) than in 2005/2006 (0.3%).3. The peak season for HCoVNL63 infection was autumn(September to October). 4. HCoV-NL63 infection was associated with younger age,croup, febrile convulsion, and acute gastroenteritis. Such disease associations were not found with the other three HCoVs. 5. Most local HCoV-NL63 isolates were closely related to the prototype strain in Netherlands(NL496), but a few were phylogenetically distinct from the major cluster.
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Affiliation(s)
- T F Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital
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Cabeça TK, Bellei N. Human coronavirus NL-63 infection in a Brazilian patient suspected of H1N1 2009 influenza infection: description of a fatal case. J Clin Virol 2012; 53:82-4. [PMID: 21978613 PMCID: PMC7108457 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2011.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 09/12/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human coronaviruses (HCoVs) cause upper respiratory tract and occasionally lower respiratory tract diseases. The recently described human coronavirus NL63 has not been well investigated among Brazilian patients. We reported the clinical course of an HCoV-NL63 infection in a hospitalised patient suspected of H1N1 2009 infection during the second pandemic wave of influenza activity. A 46-year-old female, health care worker with diabetes and presenting with influenza-like illness (ILI) was admitted to the hospital. During 9 days of influenza-like symptoms, the patient had diabetes decompensation, haemorrhagic pneumonia, rhabdomyolysis, respiratory and renal failure, pericarditis, and brain edema and died. HCoV-NL63 may be a causative agent of previously unexplained respiratory illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiane K Cabeça
- Clinical Virology Laboratory of the Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Discipline of Infectology, Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo-SP, Brazil.
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Pyrc K, Milewska A, Potempa J. Development of loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of human coronavirus-NL63. J Virol Methods 2011; 175:133-6. [PMID: 21545810 PMCID: PMC7112811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2011.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Human coronavirus NL63 was identified in 2004 in the Netherlands. Due to the high prevalence and world-wide distribution of this pathogen, it is essential to develop a sensitive and specific detection assay suitable for use in a routine diagnostic laboratory. Techniques based on PCR or real-time PCR are laborious and expensive. Detailed analysis of the HCoV-NL63 genome permitted the identification of a conserved nucleic acid sequential motif, which was sufficient for the design of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Evaluation of the method showed that the test is specific to HCoV-NL63 and that it does not cross-react with other respiratory viruses. The detection limit was found to be 1 copy of RNA template per reaction in cell culture supernatants and clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Pyrc
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland.
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Hu YY, Lu XD, Lin GY, Wang Q, Zeng FS, Lin CX, Ma L. [Analysis of human coronavirus NL63 in 690 children with acute respiratory infection in Shanton]. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi 2010. [PMID: 20302715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ye-yang Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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