1
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Maw JJ, Coker JA, Arya T, Goins CM, Sonawane D, Han SH, Rees MG, Ronan MM, Roth JA, Wang NS, Heemers HV, Macdonald JD, Stauffer SR. Discovery and Characterization of Selective, First-in-Class Inhibitors of Citron Kinase. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2631-2666. [PMID: 38330278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Citron kinase (CITK) is an AGC-family serine/threonine kinase that regulates cytokinesis. Despite knockdown experiments implicating CITK as an anticancer target, no selective CITK inhibitors exist. We transformed a previously reported kinase inhibitor with weak off-target CITK activity into a first-in-class CITK chemical probe, C3TD879. C3TD879 is a Type I kinase inhibitor which potently inhibits CITK catalytic activity (biochemical IC50 = 12 nM), binds directly to full-length human CITK in cells (NanoBRET Kd < 10 nM), and demonstrates favorable DMPK properties for in vivo evaluation. We engineered exquisite selectivity for CITK (>17-fold versus 373 other human kinases), making C3TD879 the first chemical probe suitable for interrogating the complex biology of CITK. Our small-molecule CITK inhibitors could not phenocopy the effects of CITK knockdown in cell proliferation, cell cycle progression, or cytokinesis assays, providing preliminary evidence that the structural roles of CITK may be more important than its kinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua J Maw
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Jesse A Coker
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Tarun Arya
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Christopher M Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Dhiraj Sonawane
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Sang Hoon Han
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Matthew G Rees
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Melissa M Ronan
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Jennifer A Roth
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, 415 Main Street, Cambridge Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Nancy S Wang
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Hannelore V Heemers
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Jonathan D Macdonald
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44195, United States
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2
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Rawat C, Ben-Salem S, Singh N, Chauhan G, Rabljenovic A, Vaghela V, Venkadakrishnan VB, Macdonald JD, Dahiya UR, Ghanem Y, Bachour S, Su Y, DePriest AD, Lee S, Muldong M, Kim HT, Kumari S, Valenzuela MM, Zhang D, Hu Q, Cortes Gomez E, Dehm SM, Zoubeidi A, Jamieson CAM, Nicolas M, McKenney J, Willard B, Klein EA, Magi-Galluzzi C, Stauffer SR, Liu S, Heemers HV. Prostate Cancer Progression Relies on the Mitotic Kinase Citron Kinase. Cancer Res 2023; 83:4142-4160. [PMID: 37801613 PMCID: PMC10841833 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer remains the second leading cause of cancer death in men in Western cultures. A deeper understanding of the mechanisms by which prostate cancer cells divide to support tumor growth could help devise strategies to overcome treatment resistance and improve survival. Here, we identified that the mitotic AGC family protein kinase citron kinase (CIT) is a pivotal regulator of prostate cancer growth that mediates prostate cancer cell interphase progression. Increased CIT expression correlated with prostate cancer growth induction and aggressive prostate cancer progression, and CIT was overexpressed in prostate cancer compared with benign prostate tissue. CIT overexpression was controlled by an E2F2-Skp2-p27 signaling axis and conferred resistance to androgen-targeted treatment strategies. The effects of CIT relied entirely on its kinase activity. Conversely, CIT silencing inhibited the growth of cell lines and xenografts representing different stages of prostate cancer progression and treatment resistance but did not affect benign epithelial prostate cells or nonprostatic normal cells, indicating a potential therapeutic window for CIT inhibition. CIT kinase activity was identified as druggable and was potently inhibited by the multikinase inhibitor OTS-167, which decreased the proliferation of treatment-resistant prostate cancer cells and patient-derived organoids. Isolation of the in vivo CIT substrates identified proteins involved in diverse cellular functions ranging from proliferation to alternative splicing events that are enriched in treatment-resistant prostate cancer. These findings provide insights into the regulation of aggressive prostate cancer cell behavior by CIT and identify CIT as a functionally diverse and druggable driver of prostate cancer progression. SIGNIFICANCE The poorly characterized protein kinase citron kinase is a therapeutic target in prostate cancer that drives tumor growth by regulating diverse substrates, which control several hallmarks of aggressive prostate cancer progression. See related commentary by Mishra et al., p. 4008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Rawat
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Salma Ben-Salem
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Nidhi Singh
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gaurav Chauhan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Vishwa Vaghela
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Varadha Balaji Venkadakrishnan
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
- Department of Biological, Geological and Environmental Sciences, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Ujjwal R Dahiya
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yara Ghanem
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Salam Bachour
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Yixue Su
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Adam D DePriest
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Sanghee Lee
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Hyun-Tae Kim
- Department of Urology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, California
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangeeta Kumari
- Department of Cancer Biology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Dingxiao Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Hunan University, Changsa, China
| | - Qiang Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Eduardo Cortes Gomez
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Scott M Dehm
- Masonic Cancer Center and Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology and Urology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amina Zoubeidi
- Vancouver Prostate Centre and Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Marlo Nicolas
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jesse McKenney
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Eric A Klein
- Department of Urology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | | | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Song Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
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3
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Hubert CG, Stauffer SR, Lathia JD. A TOX-ic axis of epigenetic stem cell maintenance and chemoresistance in colon cancer. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002295. [PMID: 37713380 PMCID: PMC10503703 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells drive tumor growth and survival via self-renewal and therapeutic resistance, but the upstream mechanisms are not well defined. In this issue of PLOS Biology, a study in colon cancer reveals a new signalling network that links epigenetic regulation to these phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher G. Hubert
- Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Justin D. Lathia
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor & Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America
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4
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Serman T, Chiang C, Liu G, Sayyad Z, Pandey S, Volcic M, Lee H, Muppala S, Acharya D, Goins C, Stauffer SR, Sparrer KMJ, Gack MU. Acetylation of the NS3 helicase by KAT5γ is essential for flavivirus replication. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:1317-1330.e10. [PMID: 37478852 PMCID: PMC10782998 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Direct targeting of essential viral enzymes such as proteases, polymerases, and helicases has long been the major focus of antiviral drug design. Although successful for some viral enzymes, targeting viral helicases is notoriously difficult to achieve, demanding alternative strategies. Here, we show that the NS3 helicase of Zika virus (ZIKV) undergoes acetylation in its RNA-binding tunnel. Regulation of the acetylated state of K389 in ZIKV NS3 modulates RNA binding and unwinding and is required for efficient viral replication. NS3 acetylation is mediated by a specific isoform of the host acetyltransferase KAT5 (KAT5γ), which translocates from the nucleus to viral replication complexes upon infection. NS3 acetylation by KAT5γ and its proviral role are also conserved in West Nile virus (WNV), dengue virus (DENV), and yellow fever virus (YFV). Our study provides molecular insight into how a cellular acetyltransferase regulates viral helicase functions, unveiling a previously unknown target for antiviral drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Serman
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Cindy Chiang
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - GuanQun Liu
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Zuberwasim Sayyad
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Shanti Pandey
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Meta Volcic
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm 89081, Germany
| | - Haejeong Lee
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Santoshi Muppala
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Dhiraj Acharya
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
| | - Christopher Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | | | - Michaela U Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Cleveland Clinic, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA; Department of Microbiology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.
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5
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Papay RS, Stauffer SR, Perez DM. A PAM of the α 1A-Adrenergic receptor rescues biomarker, long-term potentiation, and cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease mouse models without effects on blood pressure. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov 2023; 5:100160. [PMID: 37448695 PMCID: PMC10336260 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2023.100160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
α1-Adrenergic Receptors (ARs) regulate the sympathetic nervous system by the binding of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi) through different subtypes (α1A, α1B, α1D). α1A-AR activation is hypothesized to be memory forming and cognitive enhancing but drug development has been stagnant due to unwanted side effects on blood pressure. We recently reported the pharmacological characterization of the first positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the α1A-AR with predictive pro-cognitive and memory properties. In this report, we now demonstrate the in vivo characteristics of Compound 3 (Cmpd-3) in two genetically-different Alzheimer's Disease (AD) mouse models. Drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic studies indicate sufficient brain penetrance and rapid uptake into the brain with low to moderate clearance, and a favorable inhibition profile against the major cytochrome p450 enzymes. Oral administration of Cmpd-3 (3-9 mg/kg QD) can fully rescue long-term potentiation defects and AD biomarker profile (amyloid β-40, 42) within 3 months of dosing to levels that were non-significant from WT controls and which outperformed donepezil (1 mg/kg QD). There were also significant effects on paired pulse facilitation and cognitive behavior. Long-term and high-dose in vivo studies with Cmpd-3 revealed no effects on blood pressure. Our results suggest that Cmpd-3 can maintain lasting therapeutic levels and efficacy with disease modifying effects with a once per day dosing regimen in AD mouse models with no observed side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Papay
- The Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center of Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Dianne M. Perez
- The Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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6
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Mitchell K, Sprowls SA, Arora S, Shakya S, Silver DJ, Goins CM, Wallace L, Roversi G, Schafer RE, Kay K, Miller TE, Lauko A, Bassett J, Kashyap A, D'Amato Kass J, Mulkearns-Hubert EE, Johnson S, Alvarado J, Rich JN, Holland EC, Paddison PJ, Patel AP, Stauffer SR, Hubert CG, Lathia JD. WDR5 represents a therapeutically exploitable target for cancer stem cells in glioblastoma. Genes Dev 2023; 37:86-102. [PMID: 36732025 PMCID: PMC10069451 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349803.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastomas (GBMs) are heterogeneous, treatment-resistant tumors driven by populations of cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, few molecular mechanisms critical for CSC population maintenance have been exploited for therapeutic development. We developed a spatially resolved loss-of-function screen in GBM patient-derived organoids to identify essential epigenetic regulators in the SOX2-enriched, therapy-resistant niche and identified WDR5 as indispensable for this population. WDR5 is a component of the WRAD complex, which promotes SET1 family-mediated Lys4 methylation of histone H3 (H3K4me), associated with positive regulation of transcription. In GBM CSCs, WDR5 inhibitors blocked WRAD complex assembly and reduced H3K4 trimethylation and expression of genes involved in CSC-relevant oncogenic pathways. H3K4me3 peaks lost with WDR5 inhibitor treatment occurred disproportionally on POU transcription factor motifs, including the POU5F1(OCT4)::SOX2 motif. Use of a SOX2/OCT4 reporter demonstrated that WDR5 inhibitor treatment diminished cells with high reporter activity. Furthermore, WDR5 inhibitor treatment and WDR5 knockdown altered the stem cell state, disrupting CSC in vitro growth and self-renewal, as well as in vivo tumor growth. These findings highlight the role of WDR5 and the WRAD complex in maintaining the CSC state and provide a rationale for therapeutic development of WDR5 inhibitors for GBM and other advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Mitchell
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Samuel A Sprowls
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Sonali Arora
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Sajina Shakya
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Daniel J Silver
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Christopher M Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;
| | - Lisa Wallace
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Gustavo Roversi
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Rachel E Schafer
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Kristen Kay
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Tyler E Miller
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Adam Lauko
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - John Bassett
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Anjali Kashyap
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jonathan D'Amato Kass
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Erin E Mulkearns-Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Sadie Johnson
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Joseph Alvarado
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Jeremy N Rich
- University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - Eric C Holland
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Patrick J Paddison
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
| | - Anoop P Patel
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Christopher G Hubert
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
| | - Justin D Lathia
- Department of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine of Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
- Rose Ella Burkhardt Brain Tumor and Neuro-Oncology Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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7
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Papay RS, Macdonald JD, Stauffer SR, Perez DM. Characterization of a novel positive allosteric modulator of the α 1A-Adrenergic receptor. Curr Res Pharmacol Drug Discov 2022; 4:100142. [PMID: 36544813 PMCID: PMC9762201 DOI: 10.1016/j.crphar.2022.100142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
α1-Adrenergic Receptors (ARs) are G-protein Coupled Receptors (GPCRs) that regulate the sympathetic nervous system via the binding and activation of norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (Epi). α1-ARs control various aspects of neurotransmission, cognition, cardiovascular functions as well as other organ systems. However, therapeutic drug development for these receptors, particularly agonists, has been stagnant due to unwanted effects on blood pressure regulation. We report the synthesis and characterization of the first positive allosteric modulator (PAM) for the α1-AR based upon the derivation of the α1A-AR selective imidazoline agonist, cirazoline. Compound 3 (Cmpd-3) binds the α1A-AR with high and low affinity sites (0.13pM; 54 nM) typical of GPCR agonists, and reverts to a single low affinity site of 100 nM upon the addition of GTP. Comparison of Cmpd-3 versus other orthosteric α1A-AR-selective imidazoline ligands reveal unique properties that are consistent with a type I PAM. Cmpd-3 is both conformationally and ligand-selective for the α1A-AR subtype. In competition binding studies, Cmpd-3 potentiates NE-binding at the α1A-AR only on the high affinity state of NE with no effect on the Epi-bound α1A-AR. Moreover, Cmpd-3 demonstrates signaling-bias and potentiates the NE-mediated cAMP response of the α1A-AR at nM concentrations with no effects on the NE-mediated inositol phosphate response. There are no effects of Cmpd-3 on the signaling at the α1B- or α1D-AR subtypes. Cmpd-3 displays characteristics of a pure PAM with no intrinsic agonist properties. Specific derivation of Cmpd-3 at the R1 ortho-position recapitulated PAM characteristics. Our results characterize the first PAM for the α1-AR and holds promise for a first-in-class therapeutic to treat various diseases without the side effect of increasing blood pressure intrinsic to classical orthosteric agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert S. Papay
- The Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Macdonald
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dianne M. Perez
- The Department of Cardiovascular & Metabolic Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA,Corresponding author. NB50, 9500 Euclid Ave, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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8
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Han SH, Goins CM, Arya T, Shin WJ, Maw J, Hooper A, Sonawane DP, Porter MR, Bannister BE, Crouch RD, Lindsey AA, Lakatos G, Martinez SR, Alvarado J, Akers WS, Wang NS, Jung JU, Macdonald JD, Stauffer SR. Structure-Based Optimization of ML300-Derived, Noncovalent Inhibitors Targeting the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 3CL Protease (SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro). J Med Chem 2022; 65:2880-2904. [PMID: 34347470 PMCID: PMC8353992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Starting from the MLPCN probe compound ML300, a structure-based optimization campaign was initiated against the recent severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) main protease (3CLpro). X-ray structures of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro enzymes in complex with multiple ML300-based inhibitors, including the original probe ML300, were obtained and proved instrumental in guiding chemistry toward probe compound 41 (CCF0058981). The disclosed inhibitors utilize a noncovalent mode of action and complex in a noncanonical binding mode not observed by peptidic 3CLpro inhibitors. In vitro DMPK profiling highlights key areas where further optimization in the series is required to obtain useful in vivo probes. Antiviral activity was established using a SARS-CoV-2-infected Vero E6 cell viability assay and a plaque formation assay. Compound 41 demonstrates nanomolar activity in these respective assays, comparable in potency to remdesivir. These findings have implications for antiviral development to combat current and future SARS-like zoonotic coronavirus outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hoon Han
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Christopher M. Goins
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Tarun Arya
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Woo-Jin Shin
- Cleveland Clinic Florida Research & Innovation Center, Port St. Lucie, FL, 34987, USA
| | - Joshua Maw
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Alice Hooper
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Dhiraj P. Sonawane
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Matthew R. Porter
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Breyanne E. Bannister
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Rachel D. Crouch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - A. Abigail Lindsey
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Gabriella Lakatos
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Steven R. Martinez
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Joseph Alvarado
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Wendell S. Akers
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Lipscomb University College of Pharmacy, Nashville, TN, 37204, USA
| | - Nancy S. Wang
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jae U. Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
- Center for Global and Emerging Pathogens Research, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Macdonald
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
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9
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Smalling RV, Bechard ME, Duryea J, Kingsley PJ, Roberts ER, Marnett LJ, Bilbao D, Stauffer SR, McDonald OG. Aminopyridine analogs selectively target metastatic pancreatic cancer. Oncogene 2022; 41:1518-1525. [PMID: 35031771 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-022-02183-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic outgrowth is supported by metabolic adaptations that may differ from the primary tumor of origin. However, it is unknown if such adaptations are therapeutically actionable. Here we report a novel aminopyridine compound that targets a unique Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase (PGD)-dependent metabolic adaptation in distant metastases from pancreatic cancer patients. Compared to structurally similar analogs, 6-aminopicolamine (6AP) potently and selectively reversed PGD-dependent metastatic properties, including intrinsic tumorigenic capacity, excess glucose consumption, and global histone hyperacetylation. 6AP acted as a water-soluble prodrug that was converted into intracellular bioactive metabolites that inhibited PGD in vitro, and 6AP monotherapy demonstrated anti-metastatic efficacy with minimal toxicity in vivo. Collectively, these studies identify 6AP and possibly other 6-aminopyridines as well-tolerated prodrugs with selectivity for metastatic pancreatic cancers. If unique metabolic adaptations are a common feature of metastatic or otherwise aggressive human malignancies, then such dependencies could provide a largely untapped pool of druggable targets for patients with advanced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana V Smalling
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew E Bechard
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jeff Duryea
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Philip J Kingsley
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Evan R Roberts
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Lawrence J Marnett
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Daniel Bilbao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA.,Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Oliver G McDonald
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA. .,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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10
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Aho ER, Wang J, Gogliotti RD, Howard GC, Phan J, Acharya P, Macdonald JD, Cheng K, Lorey SL, Lu B, Wenzel S, Foshage AM, Alvarado J, Wang F, Shaw JG, Zhao B, Weissmiller AM, Thomas LR, Vakoc CR, Hall MD, Hiebert SW, Liu Q, Stauffer SR, Fesik SW, Tansey WP. Displacement of WDR5 from Chromatin by a WIN Site Inhibitor with Picomolar Affinity. Cell Rep 2020; 26:2916-2928.e13. [PMID: 30865883 PMCID: PMC6448596 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.02.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The chromatin-associated protein WDR5 is a promising target for pharmacological inhibition in cancer. Drug discovery efforts center on the blockade of the “WIN site” of WDR5, a well-defined pocket that is amenable to small molecule inhibition. Various cancer contexts have been proposed to be targets for WIN site inhibitors, but a lack of understanding of WDR5 target genes and of the primary effects of WIN site inhibitors hampers their utility. Here, by the discovery of potent WIN site inhibitors, we demonstrate that the WIN site links WDR5 to chromatin at a small cohort of loci, including a specific subset of ribosome protein genes. WIN site inhibitors rapidly displace WDR5 from chromatin and decrease the expression of associated genes, causing translational inhibition, nucleolar stress, and p53 induction. Our studies define a mode by which WDR5 engages chromatin and forecast that WIN site blockade could have utility against multiple cancer types. WDR5 is a chromatin-associated protein and promising anti-cancer target. Aho et al. show that WDR5 controls the expression of ribosome protein genes and describe how small molecule inhibitors of WDR5 displace it from chromatin, causing impeded translation, nucleolar stress, and induction of p53-dependent apoptosis in leukemia cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Aho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rocco D Gogliotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregory C Howard
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jason Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pankaj Acharya
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan D Macdonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ken Cheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Shelly L Lorey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bin Lu
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Sabine Wenzel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Audra M Foshage
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Grace Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - April M Weissmiller
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Lance R Thomas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, NIH, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Scott W Hiebert
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qi Liu
- Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stephen W Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - William P Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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11
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Chacón Simon S, Wang F, Thomas LR, Phan J, Zhao B, Olejniczak ET, Macdonald JD, Shaw JG, Schlund C, Payne W, Creighton J, Stauffer SR, Waterson AG, Tansey WP, Fesik SW. Discovery of WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5 (WDR5)-MYC Inhibitors Using Fragment-Based Methods and Structure-Based Design. J Med Chem 2020; 63:4315-4333. [PMID: 32223236 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c00224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The frequent deregulation of MYC and its elevated expression via multiple mechanisms drives cells to a tumorigenic state. Indeed, MYC is overexpressed in up to ∼50% of human cancers and is considered a highly validated anticancer target. Recently, we discovered that WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) binds to MYC and is a critical cofactor required for the recruitment of MYC to its target genes and reported the first small molecule inhibitors of the WDR5-MYC interaction using structure-based design. These compounds display high binding affinity, but have poor physicochemical properties and are hence not suitable for in vivo studies. Herein, we conducted an NMR-based fragment screening to identify additional chemical matter and, using a structure-based approach, we merged a fragment hit with the previously reported sulfonamide series. Compounds in this series can disrupt the WDR5-MYC interaction in cells, and as a consequence, we observed a reduction of MYC localization to chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Alex G Waterson
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | | | - Stephen W Fesik
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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12
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Tian J, Teuscher KB, Aho ER, Alvarado JR, Mills JJ, Meyers KM, Gogliotti RD, Han C, Macdonald JD, Sai J, Shaw JG, Sensintaffar JL, Zhao B, Rietz TA, Thomas LR, Payne WG, Moore WJ, Stott GM, Kondo J, Inoue M, Coffey RJ, Tansey WP, Stauffer SR, Lee T, Fesik SW. Discovery and Structure-Based Optimization of Potent and Selective WD Repeat Domain 5 (WDR5) Inhibitors Containing a Dihydroisoquinolinone Bicyclic Core. J Med Chem 2020; 63:656-675. [PMID: 31858797 PMCID: PMC6986559 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
WD repeat domain 5 (WDR5) is a member of the WD40-repeat protein family that plays a critical role in multiple chromatin-centric processes. Overexpression of WDR5 correlates with a poor clinical outcome in many human cancers, and WDR5 itself has emerged as an attractive target for therapy. Most drug-discovery efforts center on the WIN site of WDR5 that is responsible for the recruitment of WDR5 to chromatin. Here, we describe discovery of a novel WDR5 WIN site antagonists containing a dihydroisoquinolinone bicyclic core using a structure-based design. These compounds exhibit picomolar binding affinity and selective concentration-dependent antiproliferative activities in sensitive MLL-fusion cell lines. Furthermore, these WDR5 WIN site binders inhibit proliferation in MYC-driven cancer cells and reduce MYC recruitment to chromatin at MYC/WDR5 co-bound genes. Thus, these molecules are useful probes to study the implication of WDR5 inhibition in cancers and serve as a potential starting point toward the discovery of anti-WDR5 therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Tian
- Chemical Synthesis Core, Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Kevin B. Teuscher
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Erin R. Aho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Joseph R. Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Mills
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Kenneth M. Meyers
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Rocco D. Gogliotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Changho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jonathan D. Macdonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Jiqing Sai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - J. Grace Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - John L. Sensintaffar
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Tyson A. Rietz
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Lance R. Thomas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - William G. Payne
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - William J. Moore
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Gordon M. Stott
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21701, USA
| | - Jumpei Kondo
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Masahiro Inoue
- Department of Clinical Bio-resource Research and Development, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Robert J. Coffey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - William P. Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Taekyu Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Stephen W. Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
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13
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Macdonald JD, Simon SC, Han C, Wang F, Shaw JG, Howes JE, Sai J, Yuh JP, Camper D, Alicie BM, Alvarado J, Nikhar S, Payne W, Aho ER, Bauer JA, Zhao B, Phan J, Thomas LR, Rossanese OW, Tansey WP, Waterson AG, Stauffer SR, Fesik SW. Discovery and Optimization of Salicylic Acid-Derived Sulfonamide Inhibitors of the WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5-MYC Protein-Protein Interaction. J Med Chem 2019; 62:11232-11259. [PMID: 31724864 PMCID: PMC6933084 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The treatment of tumors driven by overexpression or amplification of MYC oncogenes remains a significant challenge in drug discovery. Here, we present a new strategy toward the inhibition of MYC via the disruption of the protein-protein interaction between MYC and its chromatin cofactor WD Repeat-Containing Protein 5. Blocking the association of these proteins is hypothesized to disrupt the localization of MYC to chromatin, thus disrupting the ability of MYC to sustain tumorigenesis. Utilizing a high-throughput screening campaign and subsequent structure-guided design, we identify small-molecule inhibitors of this interaction with potent in vitro binding affinity and report structurally related negative controls that can be used to study the effect of this disruption. Our work suggests that disruption of this protein-protein interaction may provide a path toward an effective approach for the treatment of multiple tumors and anticipate that the molecules disclosed can be used as starting points for future efforts toward compounds with improved drug-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan D. Macdonald
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Selena Chacón Simon
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Changho Han
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - J. Grace Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Jennifer E. Howes
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Jiqing Sai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Joannes P. Yuh
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Demarco Camper
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Bethany M. Alicie
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Joseph Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Sameer Nikhar
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - William Payne
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Erin R. Aho
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Joshua A. Bauer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Bin Zhao
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Jason Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Lance R. Thomas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Olivia W. Rossanese
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - William P. Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Alex G. Waterson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
| | - Stephen W. Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, 37232
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14
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Gregory KJ, Bridges TM, Gogliotti RG, Stauffer SR, Noetzel MJ, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Niswender CM. In Vitro to in Vivo Translation of Allosteric Modulator Concentration-Effect Relationships: Implications for Drug Discovery. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2019; 2:442-452. [PMID: 32259076 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.9b00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of GPCRs represents an increasingly explored approach in drug development. Due to complex pharmacology, however, the relationship(s) between modulator properties determined in vitro with in vivo concentration-effect phenomena is frequently unclear. We investigated key pharmacological properties of a set of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) and their relevance to in vivo concentration-response relationships. These studies identified a significant relationship between in vitro PAM cooperativity (αβ), as well as the maximal response obtained from a simple in vitro PAM concentration-response experiment, with in vivo efficacy for reversal of amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion. This correlation did not exist with PAM potency or affinity. Data across PAMs were then converged to calculate an in vivo concentration of glutamate putatively relevant to the mGlu5 PAM mechanism of action. This work demonstrates the ability to merge in vitro pharmacology profiles with relevant behavioral outcomes and also provides a novel method to estimate neurotransmitter concentrations in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J Gregory
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Rocco G Gogliotti
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States.,Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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15
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Butkiewicz M, Rodriguez AL, Rainey SE, Wieting J, Luscombe VB, Stauffer SR, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Meiler J. Identification of Novel Allosteric Modulators of Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor Subtype 5 Acting at Site Distinct from 2-Methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine Binding. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3427-3436. [PMID: 31132237 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
As part of the G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR) family, metabotropic glutamate (mGlu) receptors play an important role as drug targets of cognitive diseases. Selective allosteric modulators of mGlu subtype 5 (mGlu5) have the potential to alleviate symptoms of numerous central nervous system disorders such as schizophrenia in a more targeted fashion. Multiple mGlu5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs), such as 1-(3-fluorophenyl)-N-((3-fluorophenyl)-methylideneamino)-methanimine (DFB), 3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-benzamide (CDPPB), and 4-nitro-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)-benzamide (VU-29), exert their actions by binding to a defined allosteric site on mGlu5 located in the seven-transmembrane domain (7TM) and shared by mGlu5 negative allosteric modulator (NAM) 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine (MPEP). Actions of the PAM N-{4-chloro-2-[(1,3-dioxo-1,3-dihydro-2H-isoindol-2-yl)methyl]phenyl}-2-hydroxybenzamide (CPPHA) are mediated by a distinct allosteric site in the 7TM domain different from the MPEP binding site. Experimental evidence confirms these findings through mutagenesis experiments involving residues F585 (TM1) and A809 (TM7). In an effort to investigate mGlu5 PAM selectivity for this alternative allosteric site distinct from MPEP binding, we employed in silico quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling. Subsequent ligand-based virtual screening prioritized a set of 63 candidate compounds predicted from a library of over 4 million commercially available compounds to bind exclusively to this novel site. Experimental validation verified the biological activity for seven of 63 selected candidates. Further, medicinal chemistry optimizations based on these molecules revealed compound VU6003586 with an experimentally validated potency of 174 nM. Radioligand binding experiments showed only partial inhibition at very high concentrations, most likely indicative of binding at a non-MPEP site. Selective positive allosteric modulators for mGlu5 have the potential for tremendous impact concerning devastating neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and Huntington's disease. These identified and validated novel selective compounds can serve as starting points for more specifically tailored lead and probe molecules and thus help the development of potential therapeutic agents with reduced adverse effects.
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16
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Rook JM, Bertron JL, Cho HP, Garcia-Barrantes PM, Moran SP, Maksymetz JT, Nance KD, Dickerson JW, Remke DH, Chang S, Harp JM, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Stauffer SR, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. A Novel M 1 PAM VU0486846 Exerts Efficacy in Cognition Models without Displaying Agonist Activity or Cholinergic Toxicity. ACS Chem Neurosci 2018; 9:2274-2285. [PMID: 29701957 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.8b00131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of the M1 subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, via positive allosteric modulation (PAM), is an exciting strategy to improve cognition in schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease patients. However, highly potent M1 ago-PAMs, such as MK-7622, PF-06764427, and PF-06827443, can engender excessive activation of M1, leading to agonist actions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) that impair cognitive function, induce behavioral convulsions, and result in other classic cholinergic adverse events (AEs). Here, we report a fundamentally new and highly selective M1 PAM, VU0486846. VU0486846 possesses only weak agonist activity in M1-expressing cell lines with high receptor reserve and is devoid of agonist actions in the PFC, unlike previously reported ago-PAMs MK-7622, PF-06764427, and PF-06827443. Moreover, VU0486846 shows no interaction with antagonist binding at the orthosteric acetylcholine (ACh) site (e.g., neither bitopic nor displaying negative cooperativity with [3H]-NMS binding at the orthosteric site), no seizure liability at high brain exposures, and no cholinergic AEs. However, as opposed to ago-PAMs, VU0486846 produces robust efficacy in the novel object recognition model of cognitive function. Importantly, we show for the first time that an M1 PAM can reverse the cognitive deficits induced by atypical antipsychotics, such as risperidone. These findings further strengthen the argument that compounds with modest in vitro M1 PAM activity (EC50 > 100 nM) and pure-PAM activity in native tissues display robust procognitive efficacy without AEs mediated by excessive activation of M1. Overall, the combination of compound assessment with recombinant in vitro assays (mindful of receptor reserve), native tissue systems (PFC), and phenotypic screens (behavioral convulsions) is essential to fully understand and evaluate lead compounds and enhance success in clinical development.
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17
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Wang F, Jeon KO, Salovich JM, Macdonald JD, Alvarado J, Gogliotti RD, Phan J, Olejniczak ET, Sun Q, Wang S, Camper D, Yuh JP, Shaw JG, Sai J, Rossanese OW, Tansey WP, Stauffer SR, Fesik SW. Discovery of Potent 2-Aryl-6,7-dihydro-5 H-pyrrolo[1,2- a]imidazoles as WDR5-WIN-Site Inhibitors Using Fragment-Based Methods and Structure-Based Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5623-5642. [PMID: 29889518 PMCID: PMC6842305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
WDR5 is a chromatin-regulatory scaffold protein overexpressed in various cancers and a potential epigenetic drug target for the treatment of mixed-lineage leukemia. Here, we describe the discovery of potent and selective WDR5-WIN-site inhibitors using fragment-based methods and structure-based design. NMR-based screening of a large fragment library identified several chemically distinct hit series that bind to the WIN site within WDR5. Members of a 6,7-dihydro-5 H-pyrrolo[1,2- a]imidazole fragment class were expanded using a structure-based design approach to arrive at lead compounds with dissociation constants <10 nM and micromolar cellular activity against an AML-leukemia cell line. These compounds represent starting points for the discovery of clinically useful WDR5 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kyu Ok Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - James M. Salovich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Joseph Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Rocco D. Gogliotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jason Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Qi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Shidong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - DeMarco Camper
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Joannes P. Yuh
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - J. Grace Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jiqing Sai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Olivia W. Rossanese
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - William P. Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Stephen W. Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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18
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Bertron JL, Cho HP, Garcia-Barrantes PM, Panarese JD, Salovich JM, Nance KD, Engers DW, Rook JM, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Stauffer SR, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. The discovery of VU0486846: steep SAR from a series of M 1 PAMs based on a novel benzomorpholine core. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:2175-2179. [PMID: 29754948 PMCID: PMC6427922 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 04/26/2018] [Accepted: 05/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This letter describes the chemical optimization of a new series of M1 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) based on a novel benzomorpholine core, developed via iterative parallel synthesis, and culminating in the highly utilized rodent in vivo tool compound, VU0486846 (7), devoid of adverse effect liability. This is the first report of the optimization campaign (SAR and DMPK profiling) that led to the discovery of VU0486846 and details all of the challenges faced in allosteric modulator programs (both steep and flat SAR, as well as subtle structural changes affecting CNS penetration and overall physiochemical and DMPK properties).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanette L Bertron
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hyekyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pedro M Garcia-Barrantes
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph D Panarese
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - James M Salovich
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kellie D Nance
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Darren W Engers
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jerri M Rook
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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19
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Ginnetti AT, Paone DV, Stauffer SR, Potteiger CM, Shaw AW, Deng J, Mulhearn JJ, Nguyen DN, Segerdell C, Anquandah J, Calamari A, Cheng G, Leitl MD, Liang A, Moore E, Panigel J, Urban M, Wang J, Fillgrove K, Tang C, Cook S, Kane S, Salvatore CA, Graham SL, Burgey CS. Identification of second-generation P2X3 antagonists for treatment of pain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:1392-1396. [PMID: 29548573 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A second-generation small molecule P2X3 receptor antagonist has been developed. The lead optimization strategy to address shortcomings of the first-generation preclinical lead compound is described herein. These studies were directed towards the identification and amelioration of preclinical hepatobiliary findings, reducing potential for drug-drug interactions, and decreasing the projected human dose of the first-generation lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony T Ginnetti
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - Daniel V Paone
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Craig M Potteiger
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Anthony W Shaw
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - James Deng
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - James J Mulhearn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Diem N Nguyen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Carolyn Segerdell
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Juliana Anquandah
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Amy Calamari
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Gong Cheng
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Michael D Leitl
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Annie Liang
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Eric Moore
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Jacqueline Panigel
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Mark Urban
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Jixin Wang
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Kerry Fillgrove
- Department of Drug Metabolism, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Cuyue Tang
- Department of Drug Metabolism, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Sean Cook
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Stefanie Kane
- Department of Pain Research, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | - Samuel L Graham
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Christopher S Burgey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, MRL, Merck & Co., Inc., PO Box 4, West Point, PA 19486, USA
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20
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Foshage AM, Thomas LR, Stauffer SR, Fesik SW, Tansey WP. Abstract PR09: Targeting the MYC-WDR5 nexus in colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.crc16-pr09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The overexpression of c-MYC is one of the most prominent alterations in colorectal cancer (CRC), featuring in roughly 70% of colorectal adenocarcinomas. Induction of MYC is a critical event in the development and progression of CRC, as it causes a variety of biological responses, including cell cycle progression, cellular growth, and differentiation. The contribution of the MYC oncoprotein to the pathogenesis of CRC is evidenced by its widespread overexpression and its correlation with poor patient survival, and by observations that deletion of c-Myc—or mutation of the β-catenin/TCF/LEF enhancer upstream of c-Myc—dramatically reduces intestinal tumor burden in ApcMin mice. Despite the pervasive involvement of MYC in CRC, and a wealth of studies in other systems demonstrating that genetic inhibition of MYC promotes frank tumor regression, MYC is generally considered undruggable—as of yet, no drug-like molecules have been discovered that are capable of blocking MYC function in cancer cells.
Recently, however, we devised a novel approach to target MYC, based on our observations that binding of MYC to its target genes in the context of chromatin is dependent on interaction with the chromatin-scaffolding protein WDR5. We have proposed that target gene recognition by MYC is an avidity-based mechanism that involves two critical sets of interactions: one between MYC/MAX heterodimers and DNA, and another between MYC and chromatin-bound WDR5. We showed that interaction with WDR5 is necessary for the ability of MYC to function as a transcription factor and oncoprotein. Importantly, structural analysis revealed that MYC directly binds WDR5 by engaging a shallow, hydrophobic, cleft on the surface of WDR5 that is well-suited for drug discovery. The tractability of the MYC–WDR5 interface as a vehicle for drug discovery should make it possible to identify drug-like molecules that disrupt interaction of MYC with chromatin and diminish its tumorigenic potential.
Fueled by the potential of this discovery, the Fesik and Tansey laboratories collaborate to identify, refine, and validate drug-like molecules that disrupt the MYC–WDR5 interaction, and propose to explore their efficacy as anti-cancer agents. Since the overexpression of MYC is featured in the majority of colorectal adenomas, we will investigate the requirement of the MYC–WDR5 interaction in colorectal carcinoma cell lines and in mice. During the small-molecule discovery phase, an inducible mutant version of MYC will be utilized to determine the effects of loss of the MYC–WDR5 interaction in CRC cell lines and in mice with adenomatous polyps, both further elucidating the biological basis of this interaction, as well as establishing a baseline for effects we should see from on-target small-molecule inhibitors. Through cellular, molecular, and genomic comparison of the effects of genetic versus chemical disruption of the MYC–WDR5 interaction, we will validate on-target action of probe compounds, providing critical information needed to select candidate molecules that will be refined for drug-like properties. Successful completion of this work will generate novel insights into MYC biology, its role in CRC, as well as first-in-class MYC–WDR5 inhibitors validated for their efficacy in CRC.
This abstract is also being presented as Poster B18.
Citation Format: Audra M. Foshage, Lance R. Thomas, Shaun R. Stauffer, Stephen W. Fesik, William P. Tansey. Targeting the MYC-WDR5 nexus in colorectal cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Colorectal Cancer: From Initiation to Outcomes; 2016 Sep 17-20; Tampa, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(3 Suppl):Abstract nr PR09.
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21
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Temple KJ, Duvernay MT, Maeng JG, Blobaum AL, Stauffer SR, Hamm HE, Lindsley CW. Identification of the minimum PAR4 inhibitor pharmacophore and optimization of a series of 2-methoxy-6-arylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazoles. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:5481-5486. [PMID: 27777004 PMCID: PMC5340293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This letter describes the further deconstruction of the known PAR4 inhibitor chemotypes (MWs 490-525 and with high plasma protein binding) to identify a minimum PAR4 pharmacophore devoid of metabolic liabilities and improved properties. This exercise identified a greatly simplified 2-methoxy-6-arylimidazo[2,1-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole scaffold that afforded nanomolar inhibition of both activating peptide and γ-thrombin mediated PAR4 stimulation, while reducing both molecular weight and the number of hydrogen bond donors/acceptors by ∼50%. This minimum PAR4 pharmacophore, with competitive inhibition, versus non-competitive of the larger chemotypes, allows an ideal starting point to incorporate desired functional groups to engender optimal DMPK properties towards a preclinical candidate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J. Temple
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew T. Duvernay
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jae G. Maeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Heidi E. Hamm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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22
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Duvernay MT, Temple KJ, Maeng JG, Blobaum AL, Stauffer SR, Lindsley CW, Hamm HE. Contributions of Protease-Activated Receptors PAR1 and PAR4 to Thrombin-Induced GPIIbIIIa Activation in Human Platelets. Mol Pharmacol 2016; 91:39-47. [PMID: 27784794 DOI: 10.1124/mol.116.106666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Human platelets display a unique dual receptor system for responding to its primary endogenous activator, α-thrombin. Because of the lack of efficacious antagonists, the field has relied on synthetic peptides and pepducins to describe protease-activated receptor PAR1 and PAR4 signaling. The precise contributions of each receptor have not been established in the context of thrombin. We took advantage of newly discovered PAR antagonists to contrast the contribution of PAR1 and PAR4 to thrombin-mediated activation of the platelet fibrin receptor (GPIIbIIIa). PAR1 is required for platelet activation at low but not high concentrations of thrombin, and maximal platelet activation at high concentrations of thrombin requires PAR4. As the concentration of thrombin is increased, PAR1 signaling is quickly overcome by PAR4 signaling, leaving a narrow window of low thrombin concentrations that exclusively engage PAR1. PAR4 antagonism reduces the maximum thrombin response by over 50%. Thus, although the PAR1 response still active at higher concentrations of thrombin, this response is superseded by PAR4. Truncation of a known PAR4 antagonist and identification of the minimum pharmacophore converted the mechanism of inhibition from noncompetitive to competitive, such that the antagonist could be outcompeted by increasing doses of the ligand. Fragments retained efficacy against both soluble and tethered ligands with lower cLogP values and an increased free fraction in plasma. These reversible, competitive compounds represent a route toward potentially safer PAR4 antagonists for clinical utility and the development of tools such as radioligands and positron emission tomography tracers that are not currently available to the field for this target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew T Duvernay
- Department of Pharmacology (M.T.D., K.J.T., J.G.M., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L., H.E.H.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (K.J.T., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (S.R.S., C.W.L.)
| | - Kayla J Temple
- Department of Pharmacology (M.T.D., K.J.T., J.G.M., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L., H.E.H.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (K.J.T., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (S.R.S., C.W.L.)
| | - Jae G Maeng
- Department of Pharmacology (M.T.D., K.J.T., J.G.M., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L., H.E.H.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (K.J.T., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (S.R.S., C.W.L.)
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Department of Pharmacology (M.T.D., K.J.T., J.G.M., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L., H.E.H.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (K.J.T., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (S.R.S., C.W.L.)
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology (M.T.D., K.J.T., J.G.M., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L., H.E.H.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (K.J.T., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (S.R.S., C.W.L.)
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology (M.T.D., K.J.T., J.G.M., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L., H.E.H.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (K.J.T., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (S.R.S., C.W.L.)
| | - Heidi E Hamm
- Department of Pharmacology (M.T.D., K.J.T., J.G.M., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L., H.E.H.) and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (K.J.T., A.L.B., S.R.S., C.W.L.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (S.R.S., C.W.L.)
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23
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Temple KJ, Duvernay MT, Young SE, Wen W, Wu W, Maeng JG, Blobaum AL, Stauffer SR, Hamm HE, Lindsley CW. Development of a Series of (1-Benzyl-3-(6-methoxypyrimidin-3-yl)-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-1H-indol-2-yl)methanols as Selective Protease Activated Receptor 4 (PAR4) Antagonists with in Vivo Utility and Activity Against γ-Thrombin. J Med Chem 2016; 59:7690-5. [PMID: 27482618 PMCID: PMC5775816 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.6b00928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here, we describe the development of a series of highly selective PAR4 antagonists with nanomolar potency and selectivity versus PAR1, derived from the indole-based 3. Of these, 9j (PAR4 IC50 = 445 nM, PAR1 response IC50 > 30 μM) and 10h (PAR4 IC50 = 179 nM, PAR1 response IC50 > 30 μM) maintained an overall favorable in vitro DMPK profile, encouraging rat/mouse in vivo pharmacokinetics (PK) and activity against γ-thrombin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla J. Temple
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Matthew T. Duvernay
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Summer E. Young
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Wandong Wen
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Wenjun Wu
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Jae G. Maeng
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Anna L. Blobaum
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Heidi E. Hamm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, 9281 Wardley Park Lane, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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24
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Panarese JD, Cho HP, Adams JJ, Nance KD, Garcia-Barrantes PM, Chang S, Morrison RD, Blobaum AL, Niswender CM, Stauffer SR, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW. Further optimization of the M1 PAM VU0453595: Discovery of novel heterobicyclic core motifs with improved CNS penetration. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:3822-5. [PMID: 27173801 PMCID: PMC5082649 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2016.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This Letter describes the continued chemical optimization of the VU0453595 series of M1 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). By surveying alternative 5,6- and 6,6-heterobicylic cores for the 6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-one core of VU453595, we found new cores that engendered not only comparable or improved M1 PAM potency, but significantly improved CNS distribution (Kps 0.3-3.1). Moreover, this campaign provided fundamentally distinct M1 PAM chemotypes, greatly expanding the available structural diversity for this valuable CNS target, devoid of hydrogen-bond donors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph D Panarese
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Hykeyung P Cho
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jeffrey J Adams
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kellie D Nance
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Pedro M Garcia-Barrantes
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Sichen Chang
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan D Morrison
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Anna L Blobaum
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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25
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Gogliotti RG, Senter RK, Rook JM, Ghoshal A, Zamorano R, Malosh C, Stauffer SR, Bridges TM, Bartolome JM, Daniels JS, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Niswender CM. mGlu5 positive allosteric modulation normalizes synaptic plasticity defects and motor phenotypes in a mouse model of Rett syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1990-2004. [PMID: 26936821 PMCID: PMC5062588 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2015] [Revised: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 02/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RS) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that shares many symptomatic and pathological commonalities with idiopathic autism. Alterations in protein synthesis-dependent synaptic plasticity (PSDSP) are a hallmark of a number of syndromic forms of autism; in the present work, we explore the consequences of disruption and rescue of PSDSP in a mouse model of RS. We report that expression of a key regulator of synaptic protein synthesis, the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) protein, is significantly reduced in both the brains of RS model mice and in the motor cortex of human RS autopsy samples. Furthermore, we demonstrate that reduced mGlu5 expression correlates with attenuated DHPG-induced long-term depression in the hippocampus of RS model mice, and that administration of a novel mGlu5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM), termed VU0462807, can rescue synaptic plasticity defects. Additionally, treatment of Mecp2-deficient mice with VU0462807 improves motor performance (open-field behavior and gait dynamics), corrects repetitive clasping behavior, as well as normalizes cued fear-conditioning defects. Importantly, due to the rationale drug discovery approach used in its development, our novel mGlu5 PAM improves RS phenotypes and synaptic plasticity defects without evoking the overt adverse effects commonly associated with potentiation of mGlu5 signaling (i.e. seizures), or affecting cardiorespiratory defects in RS model mice. These findings provide strong support for the continued development of mGlu5 PAMs as potential therapeutic agents for use in RS, and, more broadly, for utility in idiopathic autism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocco G Gogliotti
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rebecca K Senter
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jerri M Rook
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ayan Ghoshal
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rocio Zamorano
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chrysa Malosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Chemistry and
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA and
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jose M Bartolome
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A., Toledo 45007, Spain
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Department of Chemistry and
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA, Vanderbilt Kennedy Center,
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26
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Conde-Ceide S, Alcázar J, Alonso de Diego SA, López S, Martín-Martín ML, Martínez-Viturro CM, Pena MA, Tong HM, Lavreysen H, Mackie C, Bridges TM, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Macdonald GJ, Steckler T, Conn PJ, Stauffer SR, Lindsley CW, Bartolomé-Nebreda JM. Preliminary investigation of 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4-one derivatives as a novel series of mGlu5 receptor positive allosteric modulators with efficacy in preclinical models of schizophrenia. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2016; 26:429-434. [PMID: 26684851 PMCID: PMC4835042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.11.098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Revised: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
As part of our efforts to identify a suitable back-up compound to our recently disclosed mGlu5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) clinical candidate VU0490551/JNJ-46778212, this letter details the investigation and challenges of a novel series of 6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazin-4-one derivatives. From these efforts, compound 4k emerged as a potent and selective mGlu5 PAM displaying overall attractive in vitro (pharmacological and ADMET) and PK profiles combined with in vivo efficacy in preclinical models of schizophrenia. However, further advancement of the compound was precluded due to severely limiting CNS-related side-effects confirming the previously reported association between excessive mGlu5 activation and target-related toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susana Conde-Ceide
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Jesús Alcázar
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Sergio A Alonso de Diego
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Silvia López
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - María Luz Martín-Martín
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Miguel-Angel Pena
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Han Min Tong
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Hilde Lavreysen
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Claire Mackie
- Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregor J Macdonald
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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27
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Nickols HH, Yuh JP, Gregory KJ, Morrison RD, Bates BS, Stauffer SR, Emmitte KA, Bubser M, Peng W, Nedelcovych MT, Thompson A, Lv X, Xiang Z, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Jones CK, Conn PJ. VU0477573: Partial Negative Allosteric Modulator of the Subtype 5 Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor with In Vivo Efficacy. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2015; 356:123-36. [PMID: 26503377 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.115.226597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Negative allosteric modulators (NAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) have potential applications in the treatment of fragile X syndrome, levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, addiction, and anxiety; however, clinical and preclinical studies raise concerns that complete blockade of mGlu5 and inverse agonist activity of current mGlu5 NAMs contribute to adverse effects that limit the therapeutic use of these compounds. We report the discovery and characterization of a novel mGlu5 NAM, N,N-diethyl-5-((3-fluorophenyl)ethynyl)picolinamide (VU0477573) that binds to the same allosteric site as the prototypical mGlu5 NAM MPEP but displays weak negative cooperativity. Because of this weak cooperativity, VU0477573 acts as a "partial NAM" so that full occupancy of the MPEP site does not completely inhibit maximal effects of mGlu5 agonists on intracellular calcium mobilization, inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation, or inhibition of synaptic transmission at the hippocampal Schaffer collateral-CA1 synapse. Unlike previous mGlu5 NAMs, VU0477573 displays no inverse agonist activity assessed using measures of effects on basal [(3)H]inositol phosphate (IP) accumulation. VU0477573 acts as a full NAM when measuring effects on mGlu5-mediated extracellular signal-related kinases 1/2 phosphorylation, which may indicate functional bias. VU0477573 exhibits an excellent pharmacokinetic profile and good brain penetration in rodents and provides dose-dependent full mGlu5 occupancy in the central nervous system (CNS) with systemic administration. Interestingly, VU0477573 shows robust efficacy, comparable to the mGlu5 NAM MTEP, in models of anxiolytic activity at doses that provide full CNS occupancy of mGlu5 and demonstrate an excellent CNS occupancy-efficacy relationship. VU0477573 provides an exciting new tool to investigate the efficacy of partial NAMs in animal models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary Highfield Nickols
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Joannes P Yuh
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Karen J Gregory
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Ryan D Morrison
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Brittney S Bates
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Michael Bubser
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Weimin Peng
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Michael T Nedelcovych
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Analisa Thompson
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Xiaohui Lv
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Division of Neuropathology (H.H.N., J.P.Y.), Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery (H.H.N., R.D.M., B.S.B., K.A.E., M.B., W.P., M.T.N., A.T., X.L., Z.X., J.S.D., C.M.N., C.W.L., C.K.J., P.J.C.), Department of Chemistry and Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology (S.R.S., K.A.E., C.W.L.) Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; and Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.)
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28
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Wu Y, Stauffer SR, Stanfield RL, Tapia PH, Ursu O, Fisher GW, Szent-Gyorgyi C, Evangelisti A, Waller A, Strouse JJ, Carter MB, Bologa C, Gouveia K, Poslusney M, Waggoner AS, Lindsley CW, Jarvik JW, Sklar LA. Discovery of Small-Molecule Nonfluorescent Inhibitors of Fluorogen-Fluorogen Activating Protein Binding Pair. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 21:74-87. [PMID: 26442911 DOI: 10.1177/1087057115609145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A new class of biosensors, fluorogen activating proteins (FAPs), has been successfully used to track receptor trafficking in live cells. Unlike the traditional fluorescent proteins (FPs), FAPs do not fluoresce unless bound to their specific small-molecule fluorogens, and thus FAP-based assays are highly sensitive. Application of the FAP-based assay for protein trafficking in high-throughput flow cytometry resulted in the discovery of a new class of compounds that interferes with the binding between fluorogens and FAP, thus blocking the fluorescence signal. These compounds are high-affinity, nonfluorescent analogs of fluorogens with little or no toxicity to the tested cells and no apparent interference with the normal function of FAP-tagged receptors. The most potent compound among these, N,4-dimethyl-N-(2-oxo-2-(4-(pyridin-2-yl)piperazin-1-yl)ethyl)benzenesulfonamide (ML342), has been investigated in detail. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed that ML342 competes with the fluorogen, sulfonated thiazole orange coupled to diethylene glycol diamine (TO1-2p), for the same binding site on a FAP, AM2.2. Kinetic analysis shows that the FAP-fluorogen interaction is more complex than a homogeneous one-site binding process, with multiple conformational states of the fluorogen and/or the FAP, and possible dimerization of the FAP moiety involved in the process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robyn L Stanfield
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Phillip H Tapia
- Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Oleg Ursu
- Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Gregory W Fisher
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Annette Evangelisti
- Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Anna Waller
- Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - J Jacob Strouse
- Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mark B Carter
- Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Cristian Bologa
- Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Kristine Gouveia
- Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Mike Poslusney
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alan S Waggoner
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Biological Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jonathan W Jarvik
- Molecular Biosensor and Imaging Center, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA Department of Biological Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA Center for Molecular Discovery, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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Ahowesso C, Black PN, Saini N, Montefusco D, Chekal J, Malosh C, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR, DiRusso CC. Chemical inhibition of fatty acid absorption and cellular uptake limits lipotoxic cell death. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:167-81. [PMID: 26394026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic elevation of plasma free fatty acid (FFA) levels is commonly associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and some cancers. Experimental evidence indicates FFA and their metabolites contribute to disease development through lipotoxicity. Previously, we identified a specific fatty acid transport inhibitor CB16.2, a.k.a. Lipofermata, using high throughput screening methods. In this study, efficacy of transport inhibition was measured in four cell lines that are models for myocytes (mmC2C12), pancreatic β-cells (rnINS-1E), intestinal epithelial cells (hsCaco-2), and hepatocytes (hsHepG2), as well as primary human adipocytes. The compound was effective in inhibiting uptake with IC50s between 3 and 6μM for all cell lines except human adipocytes (39μM). Inhibition was specific for long and very long chain fatty acids but had no effect on medium chain fatty acids (C6-C10), which are transported by passive diffusion. Derivatives of Lipofermata were evaluated to understand structural contributions to activity. Lipofermata prevented palmitate-mediated oxidative stress, induction of BiP and CHOP, and cell death in a dose-dependent manner in hsHepG2 and rnINS-1E cells, suggesting it will prevent induction of fatty acid-mediated cell death pathways and lipotoxic disease by channeling excess fatty acids to adipose tissue and away from liver and pancreas. Importantly, mice dosed orally with Lipofermata were not able to absorb (13)C-oleate demonstrating utility as an inhibitor of fatty acid absorption from the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Ahowesso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - Paul N Black
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - Nipun Saini
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - David Montefusco
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - Jessica Chekal
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States
| | - Chrysa Malosh
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, United States; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Concetta C DiRusso
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0664, United States.
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St John SE, Tomar S, Stauffer SR, Mesecar AD. Targeting zoonotic viruses: Structure-based inhibition of the 3C-like protease from bat coronavirus HKU4--The likely reservoir host to the human coronavirus that causes Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS). Bioorg Med Chem 2015; 23:6036-48. [PMID: 26190463 PMCID: PMC5433438 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2015.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The bat coronavirus HKU4 belongs to the same 2c lineage as that of the deadly Middle East Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) and shows high sequence similarity, therefore potentiating a threat to the human population through a zoonotic shift or 'spill over' event. To date, there are no effective vaccines or antiviral treatments available that are capable of limiting the pathogenesis of any human coronaviral infection. An attractive target for the development of anti-coronaviral therapeutics is the 3C-like protease (3CL(pro)), which is essential for the progression of the coronaviral life cycle. Herein, we report the screening results of a small, 230-member peptidomimetic library against HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro) and the identification of 43 peptidomimetic compounds showing good to excellent inhibitory potency of HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro) with IC50 values ranging from low micromolar to sub-micromolar. We established structure-activity relationships (SARs) describing the important ligand-based features required for potent HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibition and identified a seemingly favored peptidic backbone for HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibition. To investigate this, a molecular sub-structural analysis of the most potent HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor was accomplished by the synthesis and testing of the lead peptidomimetic inhibitor's sub-structural components, confirming the activity of the favored backbone (22A) identified via SAR analysis. In order to elucidate the structural reasons for such potent HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibition by the peptidomimetics having the 22A backbone, we determined the X-ray structures of HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro) in complex with three peptidomimetic inhibitors. Sequence alignment of HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro), and two other lineage C Betacoronaviruses 3CL(pro)'s, HKU5-CoV and MERS-CoV 3CL(pro), show that the active site residues of HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro) that participate in inhibitor binding are conserved in HKU5-CoV and MERS-CoV 3CL(pro). Furthermore, we assayed our most potent HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro) inhibitor for inhibition of HKU5-CoV 3CL(pro) and found it to have sub-micromolar inhibitory activity (IC50=0.54±0.03μM). The X-ray structures and SAR analysis reveal critical insights into the structure and inhibition of HKU4-CoV 3CL(pro), providing fundamental knowledge that may be exploited in the development of anti-coronaviral therapeutics for coronaviruses emerging from zoonotic reservoirs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E St John
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Centers for Cancer Research & Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Sakshi Tomar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Centers for Cancer Research & Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew D Mesecar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA; Centers for Cancer Research & Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
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31
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Zhou Y, Malosh C, Conde-Ceide S, Martínez-Viturro CM, Alcázar J, Lavreysen H, Mackie C, Bridges TM, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Macdonald GJ, Steckler T, Conn PJ, Stauffer SR, Bartolomé-Nebreda JM, Lindsley CW. Further optimization of the mGlu5 PAM clinical candidate VU0409551/JNJ-46778212: Progress and challenges towards a back-up compound. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:3515-9. [PMID: 26183084 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/26/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
This Letter describes the progress and challenges in the continued optimization of the mGlu5 positive allosteric modulator (PAM) clinical candidate VU0490551/JNJ-46778212. While many analogs addressed key areas for improvement, no one compound possessed the amalgamation of improvements needed within the (2(phenoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydrooxazolo[5,4-c]pyridine-5(4H)-yl(aryl)methanone scaffold to advance as a back-up clinical candidate. However, many analogs displayed excellent solubility and physiochemical properties, and were active in the amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion (AHL) model. Moreover, the SAR was robust for this series of PAMs, and both polar and hydrogen-bond donors were found to be tolerated, leading to analogs with overall attractive profiles and good ligand efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zhou
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Chrysa Malosh
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Susana Conde-Ceide
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Jesus Alcázar
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Hilde Lavreysen
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Claire Mackie
- Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Gregor J Macdonald
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | | | - Craig W Lindsley
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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Egbertson M, McGaughey GB, Pitzenberger SM, Stauffer SR, Coburn CA, Stachel SJ, Yang W, Barrow JC, Neilson LA, McWherter M, Perlow D, Fahr B, Munshi S, Allison TJ, Holloway K, Selnick HG, Yang Z, Swestock J, Simon AJ, Sankaranarayanan S, Colussi D, Tugusheva K, Lai MT, Pietrak B, Haugabook S, Jin L, Chen IW, Holahan M, Stranieri-Michener M, Cook JJ, Vacca J, Graham SL. Methyl-substitution of an iminohydantoin spiropiperidine β-secretase (BACE-1) inhibitor has a profound effect on its potency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015. [PMID: 26195137 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.06.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The IC50 of a beta-secretase (BACE-1) lead compound was improved ∼200-fold from 11 μM to 55 nM through the addition of a single methyl group. Computational chemistry, small molecule NMR, and protein crystallography capabilities were used to compare the solution conformation of the ligand under varying pH conditions to its conformation when bound in the active site. Chemical modification then explored available binding pockets adjacent to the ligand. A strategically placed methyl group not only maintained the required pKa of the piperidine nitrogen and filled a small hydrophobic pocket, but more importantly, stabilized the conformation best suited for optimized binding to the receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Egbertson
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | | | - Steven M Pitzenberger
- NMR Structure Elucidation, Process and Analytical Chemistry, WP14-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Craig A Coburn
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Shawn J Stachel
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Wenjin Yang
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, 395 Oyster Point Blvd. Ste. 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - James C Barrow
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Lou Anne Neilson
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Melody McWherter
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Debra Perlow
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Bruce Fahr
- Sunesis Pharmaceuticals, 395 Oyster Point Blvd. Ste. 400, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Sanjeev Munshi
- Structural Biology, WP 14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Timothy J Allison
- Structural Biology, WP 14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | | | - Harold G Selnick
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA.
| | - ZhiQiang Yang
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - John Swestock
- Process Chemistry, WP 14-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Adam J Simon
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | - Dennis Colussi
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | - Ming-Tain Lai
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Beth Pietrak
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Shari Haugabook
- Pharmacology, WP 26-1 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Lixia Jin
- Drug Metabolism, WP 75-B Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - I-W Chen
- Drug Metabolism, WP 75-B Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Marie Holahan
- Imaging Research, WP 44c Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | | | | | - Joseph Vacca
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Samuel L Graham
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, WP14-2 Merck and Co., West Point, PA 19486, USA
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Schreiber SL, Kotz JD, Li M, Aubé J, Austin CP, Reed JC, Rosen H, White EL, Sklar LA, Lindsley CW, Alexander BR, Bittker JA, Clemons PA, de Souza A, Foley MA, Palmer M, Shamji AF, Wawer MJ, McManus O, Wu M, Zou B, Yu H, Golden JE, Schoenen FJ, Simeonov A, Jadhav A, Jackson MR, Pinkerton AB, Chung TDY, Griffin PR, Cravatt BF, Hodder PS, Roush WR, Roberts E, Chung DH, Jonsson CB, Noah JW, Severson WE, Ananthan S, Edwards B, Oprea TI, Conn PJ, Hopkins CR, Wood MR, Stauffer SR, Emmitte KA. Advancing Biological Understanding and Therapeutics Discovery with Small-Molecule Probes. Cell 2015; 161:1252-65. [PMID: 26046436 PMCID: PMC4564295 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2015.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule probes can illuminate biological processes and aid in the assessment of emerging therapeutic targets by perturbing biological systems in a manner distinct from other experimental approaches. Despite the tremendous promise of chemical tools for investigating biology and disease, small-molecule probes were unavailable for most targets and pathways as recently as a decade ago. In 2005, the NIH launched the decade-long Molecular Libraries Program with the intent of innovating in and broadening access to small-molecule science. This Perspective describes how novel small-molecule probes identified through the program are enabling the exploration of biological pathways and therapeutic hypotheses not otherwise testable. These experiences illustrate how small-molecule probes can help bridge the chasm between biological research and the development of medicines but also highlight the need to innovate the science of therapeutic discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart L Schreiber
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Joanne D Kotz
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.
| | - Min Li
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jeffrey Aubé
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Christopher P Austin
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - John C Reed
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Lake Nona, FL 32827, USA
| | - Hugh Rosen
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - E Lucile White
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Larry A Sklar
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Benjamin R Alexander
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Joshua A Bittker
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Development of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Paul A Clemons
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Andrea de Souza
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michael A Foley
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Michelle Palmer
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Alykhan F Shamji
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Mathias J Wawer
- Probe Development Center, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Center for the Science of Therapeutics, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Owen McManus
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Meng Wu
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Beiyan Zou
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Haibo Yu
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Ion Channel Center, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jennifer E Golden
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Frank J Schoenen
- University of Kansas Specialized Chemistry Center, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- NIH Chemical Genomics Center, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD 20850, USA; National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Michael R Jackson
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Lake Nona, FL 32827, USA
| | - Anthony B Pinkerton
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Lake Nona, FL 32827, USA
| | - Thomas D Y Chung
- Conrad Prebys Center for Chemical Genomics, Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Lake Nona, FL 32827, USA
| | - Patrick R Griffin
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Benjamin F Cravatt
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - Peter S Hodder
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA; Department of Chemistry, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, 33458, USA
| | - Edward Roberts
- Molecular Screening Center, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, and Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Dong-Hoon Chung
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Colleen B Jonsson
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - James W Noah
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - William E Severson
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Subramaniam Ananthan
- Southern Research Specialized Biocontainment Screening Center, Southern Research Institute, Birmingham, AL 35205, USA
| | - Bruce Edwards
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Pathology, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Tudor I Oprea
- University of New Mexico Center for Molecular Discovery, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Corey R Hopkins
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- The Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Accelerated Probe Development, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
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Senter T, Gogliotti RD, Han C, Locuson CW, Morrison R, Daniels JS, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR. Progress towards small molecule menin-mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) interaction inhibitors with in vivo utility. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:2720-5. [PMID: 25987377 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A series of substituted hydroxymethyl piperidine small molecule inhibitors of the protein-protein interaction between menin and mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) are described. Initial members of the series showed good inhibitory disruption of the menin-MLL1 interaction but demonstrated poor physicochemical and DMPK properties. Utilizing a structure-guided and iterative optimization approach key substituents were optimized leading to inhibitors with cell-based activity, improved in vitro DMPK parameters, and improved half-lives in rodent PK studies leading to MLPCN probe ML399. Ancillary off-target activity remains a parameter for further optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Senter
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rocco D Gogliotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Changho Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles W Locuson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ryan Morrison
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, MI 48109, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, MI 48109, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, MI 48109, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, MI 48109, USA.
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35
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Rook JM, Tantawy MN, Ansari MS, Felts AS, Stauffer SR, Emmitte KA, Kessler RM, Niswender CM, Daniels JS, Jones CK, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ. Relationship between in vivo receptor occupancy and efficacy of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 allosteric modulators with different in vitro binding profiles. Neuropsychopharmacology 2015; 40:755-65. [PMID: 25241804 PMCID: PMC4289965 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2014.245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2014] [Revised: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) have exciting potential as therapeutic agents for multiple brain disorders. Translational studies with mGlu5 modulators have relied on mGlu5 allosteric site positron emission tomography (PET) radioligands to assess receptor occupancy in the brain. However, recent structural and modeling studies suggest that closely related mGlu5 allosteric modulators can bind to overlapping but not identical sites, which could complicate interpretation of in vivo occupancy data, even when PET ligands and drug leads are developed from the same chemical scaffold. We now report that systemic administration of the novel mGlu5 positive allosteric modulator VU0092273 displaced the structurally related mGlu5 PET ligand, [(18)F]FPEB, with measures of in vivo occupancy that closely aligned with its in vivo efficacy. In contrast, a close analog of VU0092273 and [(18)F]FPEB, VU0360172, provided robust efficacy in rodent models in the absence of detectable occupancy. Furthermore, a structurally unrelated mGlu5 negative allosteric modulator, VU0409106, displayed measures of in vivo occupancy that correlated well with behavioral effects, despite the fact that VU0409106 is structurally unrelated to [(18)F]FPEB. Interestingly, all three compounds inhibit radioligand binding to the prototypical MPEP/FPEB allosteric site in vitro. However, VU0092273 and VU0409106 bind to this site in a fully competitive manner, whereas the interaction of VU0360172 is noncompetitive. Thus, while close structural similarity between PET ligands and drug leads does not circumvent issues associated with differential binding to a given target, detailed molecular pharmacology analysis accurately predicts utility of ligand pairs for in vivo occupancy studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerri M Rook
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammed N Tantawy
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Sciences, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Mohammad S Ansari
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew S Felts
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Kyle A Emmitte
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Robert M Kessler
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA,Department of Pharmacology and Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 1215D Light Hall, 2215-B Garland Avenue, Nashville, TN 37232-0697, USA, Tel: +1 615 936 2478, Fax: +1 615 343 3088, E-mail:
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36
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Martín-Martín ML, Bartolomé-Nebreda JM, Conde-Ceide S, Alonso de Diego SA, López S, Martínez-Viturro CM, Tong HM, Lavreysen H, Macdonald GJ, Steckler T, Mackie C, Bridges TM, Daniels JS, Niswender CM, Noetzel MJ, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR. Discovery and SAR of novel series of imidazopyrimidinones and dihydroimidazopyrimidinones as positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:1310-7. [PMID: 25683622 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.01.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
We report the discovery and SAR of two novel series of imidazopyrimidinones and dihydroimidazopyrimidinones as metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs). Exploration of several structural features in the western and eastern part of the imidazopyrimidinone core and combinations thereof, revealed compound 4a as a mGlu5 PAM with good in vitro potency and efficacy, acceptable drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) properties and in vivo efficacy in an amphetamine-based model of psychosis. However, the presence of CNS-mediated adverse effects in preclinical species precluded any further in vivo evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Luz Martín-Martín
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain.
| | | | - Susana Conde-Ceide
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Sergio A Alonso de Diego
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Silvia López
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | | | - Han Min Tong
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75A, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Hilde Lavreysen
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregor J Macdonald
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Claire Mackie
- Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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37
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Han C, Chatterjee A, Noetzel MJ, Panarese JD, Smith E, Chase P, Hodder P, Niswender C, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR. Discovery and SAR of muscarinic receptor subtype 1 (M1) allosteric activators from a molecular libraries high throughput screen. Part 1: 2,5-dibenzyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3(5H)-ones as positive allosteric modulators. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 25:384-8. [PMID: 25435150 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Revised: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Results from a 2012 high-throughput screen of the NIH Molecular Libraries Small Molecule Repository (MLSMR) against the human muscarinic receptor subtype 1 (M1) for positive allosteric modulators is reported. A content-rich screen utilizing an intracellular calcium mobilization triple-addition protocol allowed for assessment of all three modes of pharmacology at M1, including agonist, positive allosteric modulator, and antagonist activities in a single screening platform. We disclose a dibenzyl-2H-pyrazolo[4,3-c]quinolin-3(5H)-one hit (DBPQ, CID 915409) and examine N-benzyl pharmacophore/SAR relationships versus previously reported quinolin-3(5H)-ones and isatins, including ML137. SAR and consideration of recently reported crystal structures, homology modeling, and structure-function relationships using point mutations suggests a shared binding mode orientation at the putative common allosteric binding site directed by the pendant N-benzyl substructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changho Han
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Arindam Chatterjee
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Joseph D Panarese
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Emery Smith
- The Scripps Research Institutes Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | - Peter Chase
- The Scripps Research Institutes Molecular Screening Center, Department of Molecular Therapeutics, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, Florida, USA
| | | | - Colleen Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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38
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Grembecka JE, He S, Senter TJ, Borkin D, Pollock J, Han C, Upadhyay SK, Purohit T, Miao H, Gogliotti RDGD, Lindsley CW, Cierpicki T, Stauffer SR. Abstract 2534: High-affinity small molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction reverse oncogenic transformation mediated by MLL fusion proteins in leukemia. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The protein-protein interaction (PPI) between menin and Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) plays a critical role in acute leukemias with translocations of MLL gene, and inhibition of this interaction with small molecules represents a new potential therapeutic strategy for the MLL leukemia patients. We identified novel small molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction with distinct molecular scaffolds by performing a High Throughput Screening (HTS) of over 300,000 compounds. Extensive medicinal chemistry efforts performed for two lead classes to improve inhibitory activity of these compounds resulted in menin-MLL inhibitors with low nanomolar binding affinities. The menin-inhibitor co-crystal structures revealed that these compounds directly bind to menin and closely mimic the key interactions of MLL with menin, resulting in their high binding affinity. Interestingly, the hydroxymethylpiperidine class of the menin-MLL inhibitors extends beyond the MLL binding region on menin, providing additional opportunity for their optimization. We combined extensive crystallography studies with structure-based design to perform rational optimization and scaffold modification to rapidly improve activity and modulate physicochemical properties of the menin-MLL inhibitors. Treatment of MLL leukemia cells with the most potent menin-MLL inhibitors we developed resulted in very effective and selective inhibition of cell proliferation, induced apoptosis and differentiation of these cells. These effects were associated with downregulation of Hoxa9 and Meis1 expression, the downstream targets of MLL fusion proteins required for their leukemogenicity, demonstrating a very specific mechanism of action for these newly developed menin-MLL inhibitors. In vivo studies are currently undergoing to assess the effect of these compounds on leukemia progression in animal models of MLL leukemia. Our studies provide a novel and very attractive scaffolds for further development as a new potential therapeutic approach for the MLL leukemia patients.
Citation Format: Jolanta E. Grembecka, Shihan He, Timothy J. Senter, Dmitry Borkin, Jonathan Pollock, Changho Han, Sunil Kumar Upadhyay, Trupta Purohit, Hongzhi Miao, Rocco D. Gogliotti D. Gogliotti, Craig W. Lindsley, Tomasz Cierpicki, Shaun R. Stauffer. High-affinity small molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction reverse oncogenic transformation mediated by MLL fusion proteins in leukemia. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2534. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2534
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shihan He
- 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
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39
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Wen W, Young SE, Duvernay MT, Schulte ML, Nance KD, Melancon BJ, Engers J, Locuson CW, Wood MR, Daniels JS, Wu W, Lindsley CW, Hamm HE, Stauffer SR. Substituted indoles as selective protease activated receptor 4 (PAR-4) antagonists: Discovery and SAR of ML354. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:4708-4713. [PMID: 25176330 PMCID: PMC5716344 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2014] [Revised: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery and SAR of an indole-based protease activated receptor-4 (PAR-4) antagonist scaffold derived from a similarity search of the Vanderbilt HTS collection, leading to MLPCN probe ML354 (VU0099704). Using a novel PAC-1 fluorescent αIIbβ3 activation assay this probe molecule antagonist was found to have an IC50 of 140nM for PAR-4 with 71-fold selectivity versus PAR-1 (PAR-1IC50=10μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wandong Wen
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Summer E Young
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Matthew T Duvernay
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael L Schulte
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kellie D Nance
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Bruce J Melancon
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Julie Engers
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Charles W Locuson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael R Wood
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Wenjun Wu
- College of Science, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China.
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Heidi E Hamm
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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40
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Turlington M, Noetzel MJ, Bridges TM, Vinson PN, Steckler T, Lavreysen H, Mackie C, Bartolomé-Nebreda JM, Conde-Ceide S, Tong HM, Macdonald GJ, Daniels JS, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR. Discovery and SAR of a novel series of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 positive allosteric modulators with high ligand efficiency. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3641-6. [PMID: 24961642 PMCID: PMC4234308 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
We report the optimization of a series of novel metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) from a 5,6-bicyclic class of dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-4(5H)-ones containing a phenoxymethyl linker. Studies focused on a survey of non-amide containing hydrogen bond accepting (HBA) pharmacophore replacements. A highly potent and selective PAM, 2-(phenoxymethyl)-6,7-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-4(5H)-one (11, VU0462054), bearing a simple ketone moiety, was identified (LE=0.52, LELP=3.2). In addition, hydroxyl, difluoro, ether, and amino variations were examined. Despite promising lead properties and exploration of alternative core heterocycles, linkers, and ketone replacements, oxidative metabolism and in vivo clearance remained problematic for the series.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Turlington
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Paige N Vinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hilde Lavreysen
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - Claire Mackie
- Discovery Sciences ADME/Tox, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - José M Bartolomé-Nebreda
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Susana Conde-Ceide
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Han Min Tong
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Gregor J Macdonald
- Neuroscience, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340 Beerse, Belgium
| | - J Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie K Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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41
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Turlington M, Malosh C, Jacobs J, Manka JT, Noetzel MJ, Vinson PN, Jadhav S, Herman EJ, Lavreysen H, Mackie C, Bartolomé-Nebreda JM, Conde-Ceide S, Martín-Martín ML, Tong HM, López S, MacDonald GJ, Steckler T, Daniels JS, Weaver CD, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR. Tetrahydronaphthyridine and dihydronaphthyridinone ethers as positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu₅). J Med Chem 2014; 57:5620-37. [PMID: 24914612 PMCID: PMC4096224 DOI: 10.1021/jm500259z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of schizophrenia. Starting from an acetylene-based lead from high throughput screening, an evolved bicyclic dihydronaphthyridinone was identified. We describe further refinements leading to both dihydronaphthyridinone and tetrahydronaphthyridine mGlu5 PAMs containing an alkoxy-based linkage as an acetylene replacement. Exploration of several structural features including western pyridine ring isomers, positional amides, linker connectivity/position, and combinations thereof, reveal that these bicyclic modulators generally exhibit steep SAR and within specific subseries display a propensity for pharmacological mode switching at mGlu5 as well as antagonist activity at mGlu3. Structure-activity relationships within a dihydronaphthyridinone subseries uncovered 12c (VU0405372), a selective mGlu5 PAM with good in vitro potency, low glutamate fold-shift, acceptable DMPK properties, and in vivo efficacy in an amphetamine-based model of psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Turlington
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center , Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
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42
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D'Amore V, Santolini I, Celli R, Lionetto L, De Fusco A, Simmaco M, van Rijn CM, Vieira E, Stauffer SR, Conn PJ, Bosco P, Nicoletti F, van Luijtelaar G, Ngomba RT. Head-to head comparison of mGlu1 and mGlu5 receptor activation in chronic treatment of absence epilepsy in WAG/Rij rats. Neuropharmacology 2014; 85:91-103. [PMID: 24859611 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2014.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Acute treatment with positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu1 and mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors (RO0711401 and VU0360172, respectively) reduces the incidence of spike-and wave discharges in the WAG/Rij rat model of absence epilepsy. However, from the therapeutic standpoint, it was important to establish whether tolerance developed to the action of these drugs. We administered either VU0360172 (3 mg/kg, s.c.) or RO0711401 (10 mg/kg, s.c.) to WAG/Rij rats twice daily for ten days. VU0360172 maintained its activity during the treatment, whereas rats developed tolerance to RO0711401 since the 3rd day of treatment and were still refractory to the drug two days after treatment withdrawal. In response to VU0360172, expression of mGlu5 receptors increased in the thalamus of WAG/Rij rats after 1 day of treatment, and remained elevated afterwards. VU0360172 also enhanced mGlu5 receptor expression in the cortex after 8 days of treatment without changing the expression of mGlu1a receptors. Treatment with RO0711401 enhanced the expression of both mGlu1a and mGlu5 receptors in the thalamus and cortex of WAG/Rij rats after 3-8 days of treatment. These data were different from those obtained in non-epileptic rats, in which repeated injections of RO0711401 and VU0360172 down-regulated the expression of mGlu1a and mGlu5 receptors. Levels of VU0360172 in the thalamus and cortex remained unaltered during the treatment, whereas levels of RO0711401 were reduced in the cortex at day 8 of treatment. These findings suggest that mGlu5 receptor PAMs are potential candidates for the treatment of absence epilepsy in humans.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticonvulsants/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Cerebral Cortex/drug effects
- Cerebral Cortex/physiopathology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Drug Tolerance
- Electrodes, Implanted
- Electroencephalography
- Epilepsy, Absence/drug therapy
- Epilepsy, Absence/physiopathology
- Excitatory Amino Acid Agents/pharmacology
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Niacinamide/analogs & derivatives
- Niacinamide/pharmacology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred ACI
- Rats, Wistar
- Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/genetics
- Receptor, Metabotropic Glutamate 5/metabolism
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/genetics
- Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate/metabolism
- Thalamus/drug effects
- Thalamus/physiopathology
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- V D'Amore
- I.R.C.C.S., NEUROMED, Neuropharmacology Unit, Parco Tecnologico, Località Camerelle 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - I Santolini
- I.R.C.C.S., NEUROMED, Neuropharmacology Unit, Parco Tecnologico, Località Camerelle 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - R Celli
- I.R.C.C.S., NEUROMED, Neuropharmacology Unit, Parco Tecnologico, Località Camerelle 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - L Lionetto
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, St. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - A De Fusco
- I.R.C.C.S., NEUROMED, Neuropharmacology Unit, Parco Tecnologico, Località Camerelle 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy
| | - M Simmaco
- Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, St. Andrea Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - C M van Rijn
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E Vieira
- pRED Discovery Chemistry F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Pharmaceutical Division, Basel, Switzerland
| | - S R Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P J Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P Bosco
- IRCCS Oasi Maria SS Institute for Research on Mental Retardation and Brain Aging, Italy
| | - F Nicoletti
- I.R.C.C.S., NEUROMED, Neuropharmacology Unit, Parco Tecnologico, Località Camerelle 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - G van Luijtelaar
- Donders Centre for Cognition, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - R T Ngomba
- I.R.C.C.S., NEUROMED, Neuropharmacology Unit, Parco Tecnologico, Località Camerelle 86077 Pozzilli, Isernia, Italy.
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43
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Gregory KJ, Nguyen ED, Malosh C, Mendenhall JL, Zic JZ, Bates BS, Noetzel MJ, Squire EF, Turner EM, Rook JM, Emmitte KA, Stauffer SR, Lindsley CW, Meiler J, Conn PJ. Identification of specific ligand-receptor interactions that govern binding and cooperativity of diverse modulators to a common metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 allosteric site. ACS Chem Neurosci 2014; 5:282-95. [PMID: 24528109 DOI: 10.1021/cn400225x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
A common metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) allosteric site is known to accommodate diverse chemotypes. However, the structural relationship between compounds from different scaffolds and mGlu5 is not well understood. In an effort to better understand the molecular determinants that govern allosteric modulator interactions with mGlu5, we employed a combination of site-directed mutagenesis and computational modeling. With few exceptions, six residues (P654, Y658, T780, W784, S808, and A809) were identified as key affinity determinants across all seven allosteric modulator scaffolds. To improve our interpretation of how diverse allosteric modulators occupy the common allosteric site, we sampled the wealth of mGlu5 structure-activity relationship (SAR) data available by docking 60 ligands (actives and inactives) representing seven chemical scaffolds into our mGlu5 comparative model. To spatially and chemically compare binding modes of ligands from diverse scaffolds, the ChargeRMSD measure was developed. We found a common binding mode for the modulators that placed the long axes of the ligands parallel to the transmembrane helices 3 and 7. W784 in TM6 not only was identified as a key NAM cooperativity determinant across multiple scaffolds, but also caused a NAM to PAM switch for two different scaffolds. Moreover, a single point mutation in TM5, G747V, altered the architecture of the common allosteric site such that 4-nitro-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (VU29) was noncompetitive with the common allosteric site. Our findings highlight the subtleties of allosteric modulator binding to mGlu5 and demonstrate the utility in incorporating SAR information to strengthen the interpretation and analyses of docking and mutational data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen J. Gregory
- Drug Discovery
Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
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44
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He S, Senter TJ, Pollock J, Han C, Upadhyay SK, Purohit T, Gogliotti RD, Lindsley CW, Cierpicki T, Stauffer SR, Grembecka J. High-affinity small-molecule inhibitors of the menin-mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) interaction closely mimic a natural protein-protein interaction. J Med Chem 2014; 57:1543-56. [PMID: 24472025 PMCID: PMC3983337 DOI: 10.1021/jm401868d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The protein-protein interaction (PPI) between menin and mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) plays a critical role in acute leukemias, and inhibition of this interaction represents a new potential therapeutic strategy for MLL leukemias. We report development of a novel class of small-molecule inhibitors of the menin-MLL interaction, the hydroxy- and aminomethylpiperidine compounds, which originated from HTS of ∼288000 small molecules. We determined menin-inhibitor co-crystal structures and found that these compounds closely mimic all key interactions of MLL with menin. Extensive crystallography studies combined with structure-based design were applied for optimization of these compounds, resulting in MIV-6R, which inhibits the menin-MLL interaction with IC50 = 56 nM. Treatment with MIV-6 demonstrated strong and selective effects in MLL leukemia cells, validating specific mechanism of action. Our studies provide novel and attractive scaffold as a new potential therapeutic approach for MLL leukemias and demonstrate an example of PPI amenable to inhibition by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihan He
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West
Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Timothy J. Senter
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jonathan Pollock
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West
Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Changho Han
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Sunil Kumar Upadhyay
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West
Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Trupta Purohit
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West
Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Rocco D. Gogliotti
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West
Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, Michigan, 48109, United States
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department
of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical
Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt
Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department
of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department
of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1150 West
Medical Center Drive, MSRBI, Room 4510D, Michigan, 48109, United States
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45
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Turlington M, Chun A, Tomar S, Eggler A, Grum-Tokars V, Jacobs J, Daniels JS, Dawson E, Saldanha A, Chase P, Baez-Santos YM, Lindsley CW, Hodder P, Mesecar AD, Stauffer SR. Discovery of N-(benzo[1,2,3]triazol-1-yl)-N-(benzyl)acetamido)phenyl) carboxamides as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) 3CLpro inhibitors: identification of ML300 and noncovalent nanomolar inhibitors with an induced-fit binding. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2013; 23:6172-7. [PMID: 24080461 PMCID: PMC3878165 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.08.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Herein we report the discovery and SAR of a novel series of SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibitors identified through the NIH Molecular Libraries Probe Production Centers Network (MLPCN). In addition to ML188, ML300 represents the second probe declared for 3CLpro from this collaborative effort. The X-ray structure of SARS-CoV 3CLpro bound with a ML300 analog highlights a unique induced-fit reorganization of the S2-S4 binding pockets leading to the first sub-micromolar noncovalent 3CLpro inhibitors retaining a single amide bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Turlington
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA; Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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46
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Turlington M, Noetzel MJ, Chun A, Zhou Y, Gogliotti RD, Nguyen ED, Gregory KJ, Vinson PN, Rook JM, Gogi KK, Xiang Z, Bridges TM, Daniels JS, Jones C, Niswender CM, Meiler J, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR. Exploration of allosteric agonism structure-activity relationships within an acetylene series of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) positive allosteric modulators (PAMs): discovery of 5-((3-fluorophenyl)ethynyl)-N-(3-methyloxetan-3-yl)picolinamide (ML254). J Med Chem 2013; 56:7976-96. [PMID: 24050755 PMCID: PMC3908770 DOI: 10.1021/jm401028t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the treatment of schizophrenia. Both allosteric agonism and high glutamate fold-shift have been implicated in the neurotoxic profile of some mGlu5 PAMs; however, these hypotheses remain to be adequately addressed. To develop tool compounds to probe these hypotheses, the structure-activity relationship of allosteric agonism was examined within an acetylenic series of mGlu5 PAMs exhibiting allosteric agonism in addition to positive allosteric modulation (ago-PAMs). PAM 38t, a low glutamate fold-shift allosteric ligand (maximum fold-shift ~ 3.0), was selected as a potent PAM with no agonism in the in vitro system used for compound characterization and in two native electrophysiological systems using rat hippocampal slices. PAM 38t (ML254) will be useful to probe the relative contribution of cooperativity and allosteric agonism to the adverse effect liability and neurotoxicity associated with this class of mGlu5 PAMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Turlington
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Meredith J. Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Aspen Chun
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Ya Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Rocco D. Gogliotti
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Elizabeth D. Nguyen
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Karen J. Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, VIC, 3052
| | - Paige N. Vinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jerri M. Rook
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Kiran K. Gogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Zixiu Xiang
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Thomas M. Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - J. Scott Daniels
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Carrie Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Jens Meiler
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Institute for Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
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47
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Bartolomé-Nebreda JM, Conde-Ceide S, Delgado F, Iturrino L, Pastor J, Pena MÁ, Trabanco AA, Tresadern G, Wassvik CM, Stauffer SR, Jadhav S, Gogi K, Vinson PN, Noetzel MJ, Days E, Weaver CD, Lindsley CW, Niswender CM, Jones CK, Conn PJ, Rombouts F, Lavreysen H, Macdonald GJ, Mackie C, Steckler T. Dihydrothiazolopyridone derivatives as a novel family of positive allosteric modulators of the metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor. J Med Chem 2013; 56:7243-59. [PMID: 23947773 PMCID: PMC3924858 DOI: 10.1021/jm400650w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a singleton chromanone high throughput screening (HTS) hit, we describe a focused medicinal chemistry optimization effort leading to the identification of a novel series of phenoxymethyl-dihydrothiazolopyridone derivatives as selective positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of the metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5) receptor. These dihydrothiazolopyridones potentiate receptor responses in recombinant systems. In vitro and in vivo drug metabolism and pharmacokinetic (DMPK) evaluation allowed us to select compound 16a for its assessment in a preclinical animal screen of possible antipsychotic activity. 16a was able to reverse amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats in a dose-dependent manner without showing any significant motor impairment or overt neurological side effects at comparable doses. Evolution of our medicinal chemistry program, structure activity, and properties relationships (SAR and SPR) analysis as well as a detailed profile for optimized mGlu5 receptor PAM 16a are described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susana Conde-Ceide
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Francisca Delgado
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Laura Iturrino
- CREATe Analytical Sciences, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Joaquín Pastor
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Pena
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Andrés A. Trabanco
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Gary Tresadern
- CREATe Molecular Informatics, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Carola M. Wassvik
- CREATe Molecular Informatics, Janssen Research and Development, Jarama 75, 45007 Toledo, Spain
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Satyawan Jadhav
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Kiran Gogi
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Paige N. Vinson
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Meredith J. Noetzel
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Emily Days
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - C. David Weaver
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Institute of Chemical Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Craig W. Lindsley
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Colleen M. Niswender
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Carrie K. Jones
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - P. Jeffrey Conn
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
- Vanderbilt Specialized Chemistry Center for Probe Development (MLPCN), Nashville, Tennessee 37232, United States
| | - Frederik Rombouts
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Hilde Lavreysen
- Neuroscience Biology, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Gregor J. Macdonald
- Neuroscience Medicinal Chemistry, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Claire Mackie
- CREATe Discovery ADME/Tox, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Thomas Steckler
- Neuroscience Biology, Janssen Research and Development, Turnhoutseweg 30, B-2340, Beerse, Belgium
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Blobaum AL, Bridges TM, Byers FW, Turlington ML, Mattmann ME, Morrison RD, Mackie C, Lavreysen H, Bartolomé JM, Macdonald GJ, Steckler T, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Conn PJ, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR, Daniels JS. Heterotropic activation of the midazolam hydroxylase activity of CYP3A by a positive allosteric modulator of mGlu5: in vitro to in vivo translation and potential impact on clinically relevant drug-drug interactions. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:2066-75. [PMID: 24003250 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.052662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Allosteric modulation of G protein-coupled receptors has gained considerable attention in the drug discovery arena because it opens avenues to achieve greater selectivity over orthosteric ligands. We recently identified a series of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu(5)) for the treatment of schizophrenia that exhibited robust heterotropic activation of CYP3A4 enzymatic activity. The prototypical compound from this series, 5-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2-((3-fluorophenoxy)methyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydropyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrazine (VU0448187), was found to activate CYP3A4 to >100% of its baseline intrinsic midazolam (MDZ) hydroxylase activity in vitro; activation was CYP3A substrate specific and mGlu(5) PAM dependent. Additional studies revealed the concentration-dependence of CYP3A activation by VU0448187 in multispecies hepatic and intestinal microsomes and hepatocytes, as well as a diminished effect observed in the presence of ketoconazole. Kinetic analyses of the effect of VU0448187 on MDZ metabolism in recombinant P450 or human liver microsomes resulted in a significant increase in V(max) (minimal change in K(m)) and required the presence of cytochrome b5. The atypical kinetics translated in vivo, as rats receiving an intraperitoneal administration of VU0448187 prior to MDZ treatment demonstrated a significant increase in circulating 1- and 4-hydroxy- midazolam (1-OH-MDZ, 4-OH-MDZ) levels compared with rats administered MDZ alone. The discovery of a potent substrate-selective activator of rodent CYP3A with an in vitro to in vivo translation serves to illuminate the impact of increasing intrinsic enzymatic activity of hepatic and extrahepatic CYP3A in rodents, and presents the basis to build models capable of framing the clinical relevance of substrate-dependent heterotropic activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna L Blobaum
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Laboratory (A.L.B., T.M.B., F.W.B., R.D.M., J.S.D.), Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory (M.L.T., M.E.M., C.W.L., S.R.S.), and Molecular Pharmacology Laboratory (C.K.J., C.M.N., P.J.C.), Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; CREATe ADME/Tox, (C.M.), and Neuroscience (H.L., G.J.M., T.S.), Janssen Research and Development, Beerse, Belgium; and Jarama 75, Toledo, Spain (J.M.B.)
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49
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Bridges TM, Rook JM, Noetzel MJ, Morrison RD, Zhou Y, Gogliotti RD, Vinson PN, Xiang Z, Jones CK, Niswender CM, Lindsley CW, Stauffer SR, Conn PJ, Daniels JS. Biotransformation of a novel positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 contributes to seizure-like adverse events in rats involving a receptor agonism-dependent mechanism. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1703-14. [PMID: 23821185 PMCID: PMC3876804 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.052084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) represents a novel strategy for therapeutic intervention into multiple central nervous system disorders, including schizophrenia. Recently, a number of positive allosteric modulators (PAMs) of mGlu5 were discovered to exhibit in vivo efficacy in rodent models of psychosis, including PAMs possessing varying degrees of agonist activity (ago-PAMs), as well as PAMs devoid of agonist activity. However, previous studies revealed that ago-PAMs can induce seizure activity and behavioral convulsions, whereas pure mGlu5 PAMs do not induce these adverse effects. We recently identified a potent and selective mGlu5 PAM, VU0403602, that was efficacious in reversing amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion in rats. The compound also induced time-dependent seizure activity that was blocked by coadministration of the mGlu5 antagonist, 2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl) pyridine. Consistent with potential adverse effects induced by ago-PAMs, we found that VU0403602 had significant allosteric agonist activity. Interestingly, inhibition of VU0403602 metabolism in vivo by a pan cytochrome P450 (P450) inactivator completely protected rats from induction of seizures. P450-mediated biotransformation of VU0403602 was discovered to produce another potent ago-PAM metabolite-ligand (M1) of mGlu5. Electrophysiological studies in rat hippocampal slices confirmed agonist activity of both M1 and VU0403602 and revealed that M1 can induce epileptiform activity in a manner consistent with its proconvulsant behavioral effects. Furthermore, unbound brain exposure of M1 was similar to that of the parent compound, VU0403602. These findings indicate that biotransformation of mGlu5 PAMs to active metabolite-ligands may contribute to the epileptogenesis observed after in vivo administration of this class of allosteric receptor modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Bridges
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232-6600, USA
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50
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Gregory KJ, Herman EJ, Ramsey AJ, Hammond AS, Byun NE, Stauffer SR, Manka JT, Jadhav S, Bridges TM, Weaver CD, Niswender CM, Steckler T, Drinkenburg WH, Ahnaou A, Lavreysen H, Macdonald GJ, Bartolomé JM, Mackie C, Hrupka BJ, Caron MG, Daigle TL, Lindsley CW, Conn PJ, Jones CK. N-aryl piperazine metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 positive allosteric modulators possess efficacy in preclinical models of NMDA hypofunction and cognitive enhancement. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 347:438-57. [PMID: 23965381 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.206623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired transmission through glutamatergic circuits has been postulated to play a role in the underlying pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Furthermore, inhibition of the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) subtype of ionotropic glutamate receptors (NMDAR) induces a syndrome that recapitulates many of the symptoms observed in patients with schizophrenia. Selective activation of metabotropic glutamate receptor subtype 5 (mGlu5) may provide a novel therapeutic approach for treatment of symptoms associated with schizophrenia through facilitation of transmission through central glutamatergic circuits. Here, we describe the characterization of two novel N-aryl piperazine mGlu5 positive allosteric modulators (PAMs): 2-(4-(2-(benzyloxy)acetyl)piperazin-1-yl)benzonitrile (VU0364289) and 1-(4-(2,4-difluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl)-2-((4-fluorobenzyl)oxy)ethanone (DPFE). VU0364289 and DPFE induced robust leftward shifts in the glutamate concentration-response curves for Ca(2+) mobilization and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 phosphorylation. Both PAMs displayed micromolar affinity for the common mGlu5 allosteric binding site and high selectivity for mGlu5. VU0364289 and DPFE possessed suitable pharmacokinetic properties for dosing in vivo and produced robust dose-related effects in reversing amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, a preclinical model predictive of antipsychotic-like activity. In addition, DPFE enhanced acquisition of contextual fear conditioning in rats and reversed behavioral deficits in a mouse model of NMDAR hypofunction. In contrast, DPFE had no effect on reversing apomorphine-induced disruptions of prepulse inhibition of the acoustic startle reflex. These mGlu5 PAMs also increased monoamine levels in the prefrontal cortex, enhanced performance in a hippocampal-mediated memory task, and elicited changes in electroencephalogram dynamics commensurate with procognitive effects. Collectively, these data support and extend the role for the development of novel mGlu5 PAMs for the treatment of psychosis and cognitive deficits observed in individuals with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K J Gregory
- Department of Pharmacology and Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee (K.J.G., E.J.H., A.S.H., N.E.B., S.R.S., J.T.M., S.J., T.M.B., C.D.W., C.M.N., C.W.L., P.J.C., C.K.J.); Drug Discovery Biology, MIPS, Monash University, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (K.J.G.); Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada (A.J.R.); Institute of Imaging and Science, Vanderbilt University (N.E.B.); Janssen Research & Development, Beerse, Belgium (T.S., W.H.D., A.A., H.L., G.J.M., C.M., B.J.H.); Janssen Research & Development, Toledo, Spain (J.M.B.); Department of Cell Biology, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina (M.G.C., T.L.D.); Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee (C.W.L.); and U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, Nashville, Tennessee (C.K.J.)
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