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Velez J, Han Y, Yim H, Yang P, Deng Z, Park KS, Kabir M, Kaniskan HÜ, Xiong Y, Jin J. Discovery of the First-in-Class G9a/GLP PROTAC Degrader. J Med Chem 2024; 67:6397-6409. [PMID: 38602846 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c02394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Aberrantly expressed lysine methyltransferases G9a and GLP, which catalyze mono- and dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9), have been implicated in numerous cancers. Recent studies have uncovered both catalytic and noncatalytic oncogenic functions of G9a/GLP. As such, G9a/GLP catalytic inhibitors have displayed limited anticancer activity. Here, we report the discovery of the first-in-class G9a/GLP proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) degrader 10 (MS8709), as a potential anticancer therapeutic. 10 induces G9a/GLP degradation in a concentration-, time-, and ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS)-dependent manner. Futhermore, 10 does not alter the mRNA expression of G9a/GLP and is selective for G9a/GLP over other methyltransferases. Moreover, 10 displays superior cell growth inhibition to the parent G9a/GLP inhibitor UNC0642 in prostate, leukemia, and lung cancer cells and has suitable mouse pharmacokinetic properties for in vivo efficacy studies. Overall, 10 is a valuable chemical biology tool to further investigate the functions of G9a/GLP and a potential therapeutic for treating G9a/GLP-dependent cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Velez
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yulin Han
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Hyerin Yim
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Peiyi Yang
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Zhijie Deng
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Kwang-Su Park
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Md Kabir
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - H Ümit Kaniskan
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Yan Xiong
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
| | - Jian Jin
- Mount Sinai Center for Therapeutics Discovery, Departments of Pharmacological Science, Oncological Science, and Neuroscience, Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York 10029, United States
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2
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Ciceri G, Baggiolini A, Cho HS, Kshirsagar M, Benito-Kwiecinski S, Walsh RM, Aromolaran KA, Gonzalez-Hernandez AJ, Munguba H, Koo SY, Xu N, Sevilla KJ, Goldstein PA, Levitz J, Leslie CS, Koche RP, Studer L. An epigenetic barrier sets the timing of human neuronal maturation. Nature 2024; 626:881-890. [PMID: 38297124 PMCID: PMC10881400 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06984-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The pace of human brain development is highly protracted compared with most other species1-7. The maturation of cortical neurons is particularly slow, taking months to years to develop adult functions3-5. Remarkably, such protracted timing is retained in cortical neurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) during in vitro differentiation or upon transplantation into the mouse brain4,8,9. Those findings suggest the presence of a cell-intrinsic clock setting the pace of neuronal maturation, although the molecular nature of this clock remains unknown. Here we identify an epigenetic developmental programme that sets the timing of human neuronal maturation. First, we developed a hPSC-based approach to synchronize the birth of cortical neurons in vitro which enabled us to define an atlas of morphological, functional and molecular maturation. We observed a slow unfolding of maturation programmes, limited by the retention of specific epigenetic factors. Loss of function of several of those factors in cortical neurons enables precocious maturation. Transient inhibition of EZH2, EHMT1 and EHMT2 or DOT1L, at progenitor stage primes newly born neurons to rapidly acquire mature properties upon differentiation. Thus our findings reveal that the rate at which human neurons mature is set well before neurogenesis through the establishment of an epigenetic barrier in progenitor cells. Mechanistically, this barrier holds transcriptional maturation programmes in a poised state that is gradually released to ensure the prolonged timeline of human cortical neuron maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Ciceri
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Arianna Baggiolini
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Institute of Oncology Research (IOR), Bellinzona Institutes of Science (BIOS+), Bellinzona, Switzerland
- Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Hyein S Cho
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Meghana Kshirsagar
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Microsoft AI for Good Research, Redmond, WA, USA
| | - Silvia Benito-Kwiecinski
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M Walsh
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | - Hermany Munguba
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - So Yeon Koo
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Weill Cornell Neuroscience PhD Program, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nan Xu
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Louis V. Gerstner Jr Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kaylin J Sevilla
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Peter A Goldstein
- Department of Anesthesiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joshua Levitz
- Department of Biochemistry, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christina S Leslie
- Computational Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard P Koche
- Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorenz Studer
- The Center for Stem Cell Biology and Developmental Biology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
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3
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Demir S, Razizadeh N, Indersie E, Branchereau S, Cairo S, Kappler R. Targeting G9a/DNMT1 methyltransferase activity impedes IGF2-mediated survival in hepatoblastoma. Hepatol Commun 2024; 8:e0378. [PMID: 38285887 PMCID: PMC10830081 DOI: 10.1097/hc9.0000000000000378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND As the variable clinical outcome of patients with hepatoblastoma (HB) cannot be explained by genetics alone, the identification of drugs with the potential to effectively reverse epigenetic alterations is a promising approach to overcome poor therapy response. The gene ubiquitin like with PHD and ring finger domains 1 (UHRF1) represents an encouraging epigenetic target due to its regulatory function in both DNA methylation and histone modifications and its clinical relevance in HB. METHODS Patient-derived xenograft in vitro and in vivo models were used to study drug response. The mechanistic basis of CM-272 treatment was elucidated using RNA sequencing and western blot experiments. RESULTS We validated in comprehensive data sets that UHRF1 is highly expressed in HB and associated with poor outcomes. The simultaneous pharmacological targeting of UHRF1-dependent DNA methylation and histone H3 methylation by the dual inhibitor CM-272 identified a selective impact on HB patient-derived xenograft cell viability while leaving healthy fibroblasts unaffected. RNA sequencing revealed downregulation of the IGF2-activated survival pathway as the main mode of action of CM-272 treatment, subsequently leading to loss of proliferation, hindered colony formation capability, reduced spheroid growth, decreased migration potential, and ultimately, induction of apoptosis in HB cells. Importantly, drug response depended on the level of IGF2 expression, and combination assays showed a strong synergistic effect of CM-272 with cisplatin. Preclinical testing of CM-272 in a transplanted patient-derived xenograft model proved its efficacy but also uncovered side effects presumably caused by its strong antitumor effect in IGF2-driven tumors. CONCLUSIONS The inhibition of UHRF1-associated epigenetic traces, such as IGF2-mediated survival, is an attractive approach to treat high-risk HB, especially when combined with the standard-of-care therapeutic cisplatin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salih Demir
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | - Negin Razizadeh
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
| | | | - Sophie Branchereau
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Bicêtre Hospital, AP-HP Paris Saclay University, France
| | - Stefano Cairo
- XenTech, Evry, France
- Champions Oncology, Inc., Rockville, Maryland, USA
| | - Roland Kappler
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Dr. von Hauner Children’s Hospital, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, Germany
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4
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Li F, Li L, Zhang J, Yang X, Liu Y. Histone methyltransferase DOT1L mediates the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling pathway through epigenetic modification of SYK in myocardial infarction. Hum Cell 2022; 35:98-110. [PMID: 34635982 DOI: 10.1007/s13577-021-00625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Myocardial infarction (MI) represents the most critical condition in coronary artery disease, and the fibrotic process, detrimental to optimal recovery, often sustains. In the present work, we assessed whether suppression of disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (DOT1L) could alleviate fibrosis in vivo and cardiac fibroblast (CFS) proliferation in vitro, and elucidated the possible mechanism involved in these events. After left coronary artery ligation, we found that the MI mice exhibited a decrease in cardiac function, along with evident MI and myocardial fibrosis. In addition, AngII increased CFS viability and migration, and enhanced the expression of fibrotic proteins. Inhibition of DOT1L ameliorated proliferation and fibrosis in CFS. Furthermore, DOT1L promoted the expression of spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) by increasing the H3K79me2 modification of the SYK promoter. SYK upregulation reversed the inhibitory effect of DOT1L knockdown on CFS proliferation and fibrosis by activating the TGF-β1/Smad3 signaling. SYK also mitigated the ameliorative effect of DOT1L knockdown on myocardial injury and fibrosis caused by MI in vivo. In conclusion, these data indicated that DOT1L depletion might be a promising therapeutic target for fibrosis in MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Yantai Mountain Hospital, Yantai, 264001, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.16369, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.16369, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuesong Yang
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No.16369, Jingshi Road, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Hwang YJ, Hyeon SJ, Kim Y, Lim S, Lee MY, Kim J, Londhe AM, Gotina L, Kim Y, Pae AN, Cho YS, Seong J, Seo H, Kim YK, Choo H, Ryu H, Min SJ. Modulation of SETDB1 activity by APQ ameliorates heterochromatin condensation, motor function, and neuropathology in a Huntington's disease mouse model. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:856-868. [PMID: 33771089 PMCID: PMC8008885 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1900160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study describes evaluation of epigenetic regulation by a small molecule as the therapeutic potential for treatment of Huntington's disease (HD). We identified 5-allyloxy-2-(pyrrolidin-1-yl)quinoline (APQ) as a novel SETDB1/ESET inhibitor using a combined in silico and in vitro cell based screening system. APQ reduced SETDB1 activity and H3K9me3 levels in a HD cell line model. In particular, not only APQ reduced H3K9me3 levels in the striatum but it also improved motor function and neuropathological symptoms such as neuronal size and activity in HD transgenic (YAC128) mice with minimal toxicity. Using H3K9me3-ChIP and genome-wide sequencing, we also confirmed that APQ modulates H3K9me3-landscaped epigenomes in YAC128 mice. These data provide that APQ, a novel small molecule SETDB1 inhibitor, coordinates H3K9me-dependent heterochromatin remodelling and can be an epigenetic drug for treating HD, leading with hope in clinical trials of HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Hwang
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jae Hyeon
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younghee Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungsu Lim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jieun Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ashwini M. Londhe
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Lizaveta Gotina
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunha Kim
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ae Nim Pae
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Seo Cho
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Seong
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyemyung Seo
- Department of Molecular & Life Sciences, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyung Kim
- Convergence Research Center for Diagnosis, Treatment and Care System of Dementia, KIST, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyunah Choo
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Division of Bio-Medical Science & Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Ryu
- Brain Science Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Neurology and Boston University Alzheimer’s Disease Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sun-Joon Min
- Department of Chemical & Molecular Engineering/Applied Chemistry, Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research, Hanyang University, Ansan, Republic of Korea
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Qian L, Jiang S, Gai X, Ye S, Chen Y, Wang X, Zhai L, Xu J, Pu C, Li J, He F, Huang M, Tan M. A proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of KRAS mutant cancers identifies combination therapies. Mol Cell 2021; 81:4076-4090.e8. [PMID: 34375582 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
KRAS mutant cancer, characterized by the activation of a plethora of phosphorylation signaling pathways, remains a major challenge for cancer therapy. Despite recent advancements, a comprehensive profile of the proteome and phosphoproteome is lacking. This study provides a proteomic and phosphoproteomic landscape of 43 KRAS mutant cancer cell lines across different tissue origins. By integrating transcriptomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics, we identify three subsets with distinct biological, clinical, and therapeutic characteristics. The integrative analysis of phosphoproteome and drug sensitivity information facilitates the identification of a set of drug combinations with therapeutic potentials. Among them, we demonstrate that the combination of DOT1L and SHP2 inhibitors is an effective treatment specific for subset 2 of KRAS mutant cancers, corresponding to a set of TCGA clinical tumors with the poorest prognosis. Together, this study provides a resource to better understand KRAS mutant cancer heterogeneity and identify new therapeutic possibilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingluo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lili Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Shangwen Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiameng Gai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuehong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaomin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Linhui Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Pharmaceutical Compound Screening, College of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, China
| | - Jun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Congying Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fuchu He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing), Beijing Institute of Lifeomics, Beijing, China
| | - Min Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Minjia Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; School of Chinese Materia Medica, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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7
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Bajusz D, Bognár Z, Ebner J, Grebien F, Keserű GM. Discovery of a Non-Nucleoside SETD2 Methyltransferase Inhibitor against Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810055. [PMID: 34576219 PMCID: PMC8471172 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone methyltransferases (HMTs) have attracted considerable attention as potential targets for pharmaceutical intervention in various malignant diseases. These enzymes are known for introducing methyl marks at specific locations of histone proteins, creating a complex system that regulates epigenetic control of gene expression and cell differentiation. Here, we describe the identification of first-generation cell-permeable non-nucleoside type inhibitors of SETD2, the only mammalian HMT that is able to tri-methylate the K36 residue of histone H3. By generating the epigenetic mark H3K36me3, SETD2 is involved in the progression of acute myeloid leukemia. We developed a structure-based virtual screening protocol that was first validated in retrospective studies. Next, prospective screening was performed on a large library of commercially available compounds. Experimental validation of 22 virtual hits led to the discovery of three compounds that showed dose-dependent inhibition of the enzymatic activity of SETD2. Compound C13 effectively blocked the proliferation of two acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cell lines with MLL rearrangements and led to decreased H3K36me3 levels, prioritizing this chemotype as a viable chemical starting point for drug discovery projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dávid Bajusz
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.B.); (Z.B.)
| | - Zsolt Bognár
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.B.); (Z.B.)
| | - Jessica Ebner
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1220 Vienna, Austria; (J.E.); (F.G.)
| | - Florian Grebien
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1220 Vienna, Austria; (J.E.); (F.G.)
| | - György M. Keserű
- Medicinal Chemistry Research Group, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary; (D.B.); (Z.B.)
- Correspondence:
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8
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Want MY, Karasik E, Gillard B, McGray AJR, Battaglia S. Inhibition of WHSC1 Allows for Reprogramming of the Immune Compartment in Prostate Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168742. [PMID: 34445452 PMCID: PMC8395944 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy initially demonstrated promising results in prostate cancer (PCa), but the modest or negative results of many recent trials highlight the need to overcome the poor immunogenicity of this cancer. The design of effective therapies for PCa is challenged by the limited understanding of the interface between PCa cells and the immune system in mediating therapeutic resistance. Prompted by our recent observations that elevated WHSC1, a histone methyltransferase known to promote progression of numerous cancers, can silence antigen processing and presentation in PCa, we performed a single-cell analysis of the intratumoral immune dynamics following in vivo pharmacological inhibition of WHSC1 in mice grafted with TRAMP C2 cells. We observed an increase in cytotoxic T and NK cells accumulation and effector function, accompanied by a parallel remodeling of the myeloid compartment, as well as abundant shifts in key ligand–receptor signaling pathways highlighting changes in cell-to-cell communication driven by WHSC1 inhibition. This comprehensive profiling of both immune and molecular changes during the course of WHSC1 blockade deepens our fundamental understanding of how anti-tumor immune responses develop and can be enhanced therapeutically for PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzamil Y. Want
- Department of Immunology, Division of Translational Immuno Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (M.Y.W.); (A.J.R.M.)
| | - Ellen Karasik
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.K.); (B.G.)
| | - Bryan Gillard
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (E.K.); (B.G.)
| | - A. J. Robert McGray
- Department of Immunology, Division of Translational Immuno Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (M.Y.W.); (A.J.R.M.)
| | - Sebastiano Battaglia
- Department of Immunology, Division of Translational Immuno Oncology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA; (M.Y.W.); (A.J.R.M.)
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
- Correspondence:
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Chen W, Chen X, Li D, Zhou J, Jiang Z, You Q, Guo X. Discovery of DDO-2213 as a Potent and Orally Bioavailable Inhibitor of the WDR5-Mixed Lineage Leukemia 1 Protein-Protein Interaction for the Treatment of MLL Fusion Leukemia. J Med Chem 2021; 64:8221-8245. [PMID: 34105966 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
WD repeat-containing protein 5 (WDR5) is essential for the stability and methyltransferase activity of the mixed lineage leukemia 1 (MLL1) complex. Dysregulation of the MLL1 gene is associated with human acute leukemias, and the direct disruption of the WDR5-MLL1 protein-protein interaction (PPI) is emerging as an alternative strategy for MLL-rearranged cancers. Here, we represent a new aniline pyrimidine scaffold for WDR5-MLL1 inhibitors. A comprehensive structure-activity analysis identified a potent inhibitor 63 (DDO-2213), with an IC50 of 29 nM in a competitive fluorescence polarization assay and a Kd value of 72.9 nM for the WDR5 protein. Compound 63 selectively inhibited MLL histone methyltransferase activity and the proliferation of MLL translocation-harboring cells. Furthermore, 63 displayed good pharmacokinetic properties and suppressed the growth of MV4-11 xenograft tumors in mice after oral administration, first verifying the in vivo efficacy of targeting the WDR5-MLL1 PPI by small molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weilin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dongdong Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Jianrui Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhengyu Jiang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Qidong You
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiaoke Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization and State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
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10
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Li Q, Wang L, Ji D, Bao X, Tan G, Liang X, Deng P, Pi H, Lu Y, Chen C, He M, Zhang L, Zhou Z, Yu Z, Deng A. BIX-01294, a G9a inhibitor, suppresses cell proliferation by inhibiting autophagic flux in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. Invest New Drugs 2021; 39:686-696. [PMID: 33387131 DOI: 10.1007/s10637-020-01053-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
G9a, a histone methyltransferase, has been found to be upregulated in a range of tumor tissues, and contributes to tumor growth and metastasis. However, the impact of G9a inhibition as a potential therapeutic target in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is unclear. In the present study we aimed to investigate the anti-proliferative effect of G9a inhibition in the NPC cell lines CNE1 and CNE2, and to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. The expression of G9a in NPC tumor tissues was significantly higher than that in normal nasopharyngeal tissues. The pharmacological inhibition of G9a by BIX-01294 (BIX) inhibited proliferation and induced caspase-independent apoptosis in NPC cells in vitro. Treatment with BIX induced autophagosome accumulation, which exacerbated the cytotoxic activity of BIX in NPC cells. Mechanistic studies have found that BIX impairs autophagosomes by initiating autophagy in a Beclin-1-independent way, and impairs autophagic degradation by inhibiting lysosomal cathepsin D activation, leading to lysosomal dysfunction. BIX was able to suppress tumor growth, possibly by inhibiting autophagic flux; it might therefore constitute a promising candidate for NPC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Liuqian Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Di Ji
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaomin Bao
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Guojing Tan
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaojun Liang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Ping Deng
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Huifeng Pi
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Yonghui Lu
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Chunhai Chen
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Mindi He
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Zhou
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine of First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengping Yu
- Department of Occupational Health, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China
| | - Anchun Deng
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing, China.
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11
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Rogawski DS, Deng J, Li H, Miao H, Borkin D, Purohit T, Song J, Chase J, Li S, Ndoj J, Klossowski S, Kim E, Mao F, Zhou B, Ropa J, Krotoska MZ, Jin Z, Ernst P, Feng X, Huang G, Nishioka K, Kelly S, He M, Wen B, Sun D, Muntean A, Dou Y, Maillard I, Cierpicki T, Grembecka J. Discovery of first-in-class inhibitors of ASH1L histone methyltransferase with anti-leukemic activity. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2792. [PMID: 33990599 PMCID: PMC8121805 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23152-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
ASH1L histone methyltransferase plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of different diseases, including acute leukemia. While ASH1L represents an attractive drug target, developing ASH1L inhibitors is challenging, as the catalytic SET domain adapts an inactive conformation with autoinhibitory loop blocking the access to the active site. Here, by applying fragment-based screening followed by medicinal chemistry and a structure-based design, we developed first-in-class small molecule inhibitors of the ASH1L SET domain. The crystal structures of ASH1L-inhibitor complexes reveal compound binding to the autoinhibitory loop region in the SET domain. When tested in MLL leukemia models, our lead compound, AS-99, blocks cell proliferation, induces apoptosis and differentiation, downregulates MLL fusion target genes, and reduces the leukemia burden in vivo. This work validates the ASH1L SET domain as a druggable target and provides a chemical probe to further study the biological functions of ASH1L as well as to develop therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David S Rogawski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jing Deng
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hongzhi Miao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Dmitry Borkin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Trupta Purohit
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jiho Song
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennifer Chase
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shuangjiang Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juliano Ndoj
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - EunGi Kim
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Fengbiao Mao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James Ropa
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marta Z Krotoska
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Zhuang Jin
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Patricia Ernst
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Xiaomin Feng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Kenichi Nishioka
- Department of Internal Medicine Musashimurayama Hospital, Enoki 1-1-5, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Samantha Kelly
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Miao He
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Bo Wen
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Duxin Sun
- College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Muntean
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Yali Dou
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ivan Maillard
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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12
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Seier JA, Reinhardt J, Saraf K, Ng SS, Layer JP, Corvino D, Althoff K, Giordano FA, Schramm A, Fischer M, Hölzel M. Druggable epigenetic suppression of interferon-induced chemokine expression linked to MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001335. [PMID: 34016720 PMCID: PMC8141444 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is a molecular hallmark of aggressive neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood cancer of the sympathetic nervous system. There is evidence that MYCN promotes a non-inflamed and T-cell infiltration-poor ('cold') tumor microenvironment (TME) by suppressing interferon signaling. This may explain, at least in part, why patients with NB seem to have little benefit from single-agent immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Targeting MYCN or its effectors could be a strategy to convert a cold TME into a 'hot' (inflamed) TME and improve the efficacy of ICB therapy. METHODS NB transcriptome analyses were used to identify epigenetic drivers of a T-cell infiltration-poor TME. Biological and molecular responses of NB cells to epigenetic drugs and interferon (IFN)-γ exposure were assessed by proliferation assays, immunoblotting, ELISA, qRT-PCR, RNA-seq and ChIP-qPCR as well as co-culture assays with T cells. RESULTS We identified H3K9 euchromatic histone-lysine methyltransferases EHMT2 and EHMT1, also known as G9a and GLP, as epigenetic effectors of the MYCN-driven malignant phenotype and repressors of IFN-γ transcriptional responses in NB cells. EHMT inhibitors enhanced IFN-γ-induced expression of the Th1-type chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, key factors of T-cell recruitment into the TME. In MYCN-amplified NB cells, co-inhibition of EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homologue 2), a H3K27 histone methyltransferase cooperating with EHMTs, was needed for strong transcriptional responses to IFN-γ, in line with histone mark changes at CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokine gene loci. EHMT and EZH2 inhibitor response gene signatures from NB cells were established as surrogate measures and revealed high EHMT and EZH2 activity in MYCN-amplified high-risk NBs with a cold immune phenotype. CONCLUSION Our results delineate a strategy for targeted epigenetic immunomodulation of high-risk NBs, whereby EHMT inhibitors alone or in combination with EZH2 inhibitors (in particular, MYCN-amplified NBs) could promote a T-cell-infiltrated TME via enhanced Th1-type chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A Seier
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kritika Saraf
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanna S Ng
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian P Layer
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dillon Corvino
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Althoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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13
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Wang SW, Sheng H, Zheng F, Zhang F. Hesperetin promotes DOT1L degradation and reduces histone H3K79 methylation to inhibit gastric cancer metastasis. Phytomedicine 2021; 84:153499. [PMID: 33667841 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been many researches on the effects of flavonoids on tumor treatment or adjuvant therapy, but there are few studies revealing their epigenetic effect on tumors. Hesperetin is a common citrus flavanone widely distributed among citrus fruits. The role of hesperetin in gastric cancer metastasis is unclear. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of hesperetin on gastric cancer metastasis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS We used cancer cell lines cultured in medium and nude mice implantation as in vitro and in vivo models to investigate the impact of hesperetin treatment on the migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells. The molecular biological experiments such as transwell assay, western blotting, qPCR, ChIP-qPCR, immunostaining and transfection were conducted to explore the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS We found that hesperetin obviously reduced the protein abundance of DOT1L and the methylation of histone H3K79 in a variety of cells. In gastric cancer cells, the treatment of hesperetin decreased cell migration and invasion and the expression of genes closely related to the metastatic capability. Mechanistically, hesperetin affected the stability of DOT1L protein by regulating the activity of CBP. CONCLUSION These findings highlight the epigenetic effect of hesperetin and provide a new perspective to understand the tumor suppressive effect of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Wei Wang
- Quzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324000, China; Department of Core Facility, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Hao Sheng
- Quzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324000, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Fang Zheng
- Department of Core Facility, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Quzhou Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Quzhou 324000, China; Department of Core Facility, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China; Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Department of Clinical Laboratory, Quzhou People's Hospital, Quzhou 324000, China.
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14
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Heimbruch KE, Fisher JB, Stelloh CT, Phillips E, Reimer MH, Wargolet AJ, Meyer AE, Pulakanti K, Viny AD, Loppnow JJ, Levine RL, Pulikkan JA, Zhu N, Rao S. DOT1L inhibitors block abnormal self-renewal induced by cohesin loss. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7288. [PMID: 33790356 PMCID: PMC8012605 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-86646-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a high-risk malignancy characterized by a diverse spectrum of somatic genetic alterations. The mechanisms by which these mutations contribute to leukemia development and how this informs the use of targeted therapies is critical to improving outcomes for patients. Importantly, how to target loss-of-function mutations has been a critical challenge in precision medicine. Heterozygous inactivating mutations in cohesin complex genes contribute to AML in adults by increasing the self-renewal capacity of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) by altering PRC2 targeting to induce HOXA9 expression, a key self-renewal transcription factor. Here we sought to delineate the epigenetic mechanism underpinning the enhanced self-renewal conferred by cohesin-haploinsufficiency. First, given the substantial difference in the mutational spectrum between pediatric and adult AML patients, we first sought to identify if HOXA9 was also elevated in children. Next, using primary HSPCs as a model we demonstrate that abnormal self-renewal due to cohesin loss is blocked by DOT1L inhibition. In cohesin-depleted cells, DOT1L inhibition is associated with H3K79me2 depletion and a concomitant increase in H3K27me3. Importantly, we find that there are cohesin-dependent gene expression changes that promote a leukemic profile, including HoxA overexpression, that are preferentially reversed by DOT1L inhibition. Our data further characterize how cohesin mutations contribute to AML development, identifying DOT1L as a potential therapeutic target for adult and pediatric AML patients harboring cohesin mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn E Heimbruch
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Joseph B Fisher
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Natural Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI, USA
| | - Cary T Stelloh
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Emily Phillips
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Michael H Reimer
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Adam J Wargolet
- Department of Natural Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI, USA
| | - Alison E Meyer
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Kirthi Pulakanti
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Aaron D Viny
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology and Oncology, and Department of Genetics & Development, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jessica J Loppnow
- Department of Natural Sciences, Concordia University Wisconsin, Mequon, WI, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Leukemia Service, Department of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Molecular Cytology Core Facility, and Center for Epigenetics Research, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Anto Pulikkan
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
| | - Nan Zhu
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Sridhar Rao
- Blood Research Institute, Versiti, 8727 West Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, Neurobiology, and Anatomy, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology, and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA.
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15
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Rabal O, San José-Enériz E, Agirre X, Sánchez-Arias JA, de Miguel I, Ordoñez R, Garate L, Miranda E, Sáez E, Vilas-Zornoza A, Pineda-Lucena A, Estella A, Zhang F, Wu W, Xu M, Prosper F, Oyarzabal J. Design and Synthesis of Novel Epigenetic Inhibitors Targeting Histone Deacetylases, DNA Methyltransferase 1, and Lysine Methyltransferase G9a with In Vivo Efficacy in Multiple Myeloma. J Med Chem 2021; 64:3392-3426. [PMID: 33661013 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c02255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Concomitant inhibition of key epigenetic pathways involved in silencing tumor suppressor genes has been recognized as a promising strategy for cancer therapy. Herein, we report a first-in-class series of quinoline-based analogues that simultaneously inhibit histone deacetylases (from a low nanomolar range) and DNA methyltransferase-1 (from a mid-nanomolar range, IC50 < 200 nM). Additionally, lysine methyltransferase G9a inhibitory activity is achieved (from a low nanomolar range) by introduction of a key lysine mimic group at the 7-position of the quinoline ring. The corresponding epigenetic functional cellular responses are observed: histone-3 acetylation, DNA hypomethylation, and decreased histone-3 methylation at lysine-9. These chemical probes, multitarget epigenetic inhibitors, were validated against the multiple myeloma cell line MM1.S, demonstrating promising in vitro activity of 12a (CM-444) with GI50 of 32 nM, an adequate therapeutic window (>1 log unit), and a suitable pharmacokinetic profile. In vivo, 12a achieved significant antitumor efficacy in a xenograft mouse model of human multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Edurne San José-Enériz
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Sánchez-Arias
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Irene de Miguel
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Raquel Ordoñez
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Garate
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estíbaliz Miranda
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elena Sáez
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Antonio Pineda-Lucena
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ander Estella
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Feifei Zhang
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Company Ltd., TEDA, No. 168 Nanhai Road, 10th Avenue, 300456 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Wei Wu
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Company Ltd., TEDA, No. 168 Nanhai Road, 10th Avenue, 300456 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Musheng Xu
- WuXi Apptec (Tianjin) Company Ltd., TEDA, No. 168 Nanhai Road, 10th Avenue, 300456 Tianjin, PR China
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Area de Hemato-Oncología, IDISNA, CIBERONC, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Departmento de Hematología, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 36, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Avenida Pio XII 55, E-31008 Pamplona, Spain
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Wan S, Zhou Y, Huang Q, Yang Y. Dot1l Aggravates Keratitis Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 in Mice via p38 MAPK-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2021; 2021:6612689. [PMID: 33628364 PMCID: PMC7899779 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6612689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disruptor of telomeric silencing 1-like (Dot1l) plays a vital role in biological processes as a well-known methyltransferase. However, its role in herpes simplex virus type 1- (HSV-1-) infected keratitis remains unclear. METHODS In vitro and in vivo models were assessed to investigate the role of Dot1l in HSV-1 induced keratitis. C57BL/6 mice corneas were infected with HSV-1 for different days, with or without Dot1l inhibitor, to demonstrate the regulation of Dot1l in herpes simplex keratitis (HSK). Human corneal epithelial (HCE) cells were cultured and infected with HSV-1 to identify the molecular mechanisms involved. RESULTS In this study, we found that Dot1l was positively related to HSK. Inhibition of Dot1l with EPZ004777 (EPZ) alleviated corneal injury, including oxidative stress and inflammation in vivo. Similarly, the inhibition of Dot1l with either EPZ or small interfering RNA (siRNA) showed an inhibitory effect on HSV-1-induced oxidative stress and inflammation in HCE cells. Moreover, our study revealed that the expression of p38 MAPK was elevated after HSV-1 infection in HCE cells, and the inhibition of Dot1l could reduce the increased expression of p38 MAPK induced by HSV-1 infection in vivo and in vitro. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that the inhibition of Dot1l alleviated corneal oxidative stress and inflammation by inhibiting ROS production through the p38 MAPK pathway in HSK. These findings indicated that Dot1l might be a valuable therapeutic target for HSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei, China
| | - Yiwen Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei, China
| | - Qiong Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei, China
| | - Yanning Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060 Hubei, China
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Vilema-Enríquez G, Quinlan R, Kilfeather P, Mazzone R, Saqlain S, Del Molino Del Barrio I, Donato A, Corda G, Li F, Vedadi M, Németh AH, Brennan PE, Wade-Martins R. Inhibition of the SUV4-20 H1 histone methyltransferase increases frataxin expression in Friedreich's ataxia patient cells. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:17973-17985. [PMID: 33028632 PMCID: PMC7939392 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms of reduced frataxin (FXN) expression in Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) are linked to epigenetic modification of the FXN locus caused by the disease-associated GAA expansion. Here, we identify that SUV4-20 histone methyltransferases, specifically SUV4-20 H1, play an important role in the regulation of FXN expression and represent a novel therapeutic target. Using a human FXN-GAA-Luciferase repeat expansion genomic DNA reporter model of FRDA, we screened the Structural Genomics Consortium epigenetic probe collection. We found that pharmacological inhibition of the SUV4-20 methyltransferases by the tool compound A-196 increased the expression of FXN by ∼1.5-fold in the reporter cell line. In several FRDA cell lines and patient-derived primary peripheral blood mononuclear cells, A-196 increased FXN expression by up to 2-fold, an effect not seen in WT cells. SUV4-20 inhibition was accompanied by a reduction in H4K20me2 and H4K20me3 and an increase in H4K20me1, but only modest (1.4-7.8%) perturbation in genome-wide expression was observed. Finally, based on the structural activity relationship and crystal structure of A-196, novel small molecule A-196 analogs were synthesized and shown to give a 20-fold increase in potency for increasing FXN expression. Overall, our results suggest that histone methylation is important in the regulation of FXN expression and highlight SUV4-20 H1 as a potential novel therapeutic target for FRDA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Quinlan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Kilfeather
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta Mazzone
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Saba Saqlain
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Annalidia Donato
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gabriele Corda
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Fengling Li
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Masoud Vedadi
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea H Németh
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Oxford Centre for Genomic Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals National Health Service Trust, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Paul E Brennan
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Alzheimer's Research UK Oxford Drug Discovery Institute, Target Discovery Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Wade-Martins
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
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18
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Alshiraihi IM, Jarrell DK, Arhouma Z, Hassell KN, Montgomery J, Padilla A, Ibrahim HM, Crans DC, Kato TA, Brown MA. In Silico/In Vitro Hit-to-Lead Methodology Yields SMYD3 Inhibitor That Eliminates Unrestrained Proliferation of Breast Carcinoma Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249549. [PMID: 33333978 PMCID: PMC7765450 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
SMYD3 is a lysine methyltransferase that regulates the expression of over 80 genes and is required for the uncontrolled proliferation of most breast, colorectal, and hepatocellular carcinomas. The elimination of SMYD3 restores normal expression patterns of these genes and halts aberrant cell proliferation, making it a promising target for small molecule inhibition. In this study, we sought to establish a proof of concept for our in silico/in vitro hit-to-lead enzyme inhibitor development platform and to identify a lead small molecule candidate for SMYD3 inhibition. We used Schrodinger® software to screen libraries of small molecules in silico and the five compounds with the greatest predicted binding affinity within the SMYD3 binding pocket were purchased and assessed in vitro in direct binding assays and in breast cancer cell lines. We have confirmed the ability of one of these inhibitors, Inhibitor-4, to restore normal rates of cell proliferation, arrest the cell cycle, and induce apoptosis in breast cancer cells without affecting wildtype cell behavior. Our results provide a proof of concept for this fast and affordable small molecule hit-to-lead methodology as well as a promising candidate small molecule SMYD3 inhibitor for the treatment of human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilham M. Alshiraihi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1005, USA; (I.M.A.); (Z.A.); (K.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (T.A.K.)
- Department of Biology, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 47713, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dillon K. Jarrell
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045-7109, USA;
| | - Zeyad Arhouma
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1005, USA; (I.M.A.); (Z.A.); (K.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (T.A.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Kelly N. Hassell
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1005, USA; (I.M.A.); (Z.A.); (K.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (T.A.K.)
| | - Jaelyn Montgomery
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1617, USA; (J.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Alyssa Padilla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1617, USA; (J.M.); (A.P.)
| | - Hend M. Ibrahim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt;
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1618, USA
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678, USA
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1005, USA; (I.M.A.); (Z.A.); (K.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (T.A.K.)
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1872, USA
| | - Takamitsu A. Kato
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1005, USA; (I.M.A.); (Z.A.); (K.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (T.A.K.)
- Department of Environmental & Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1618, USA
| | - Mark A. Brown
- Cell and Molecular Biology Program, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1005, USA; (I.M.A.); (Z.A.); (K.N.H.); (D.C.C.); (T.A.K.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1678, USA
- Epidemiology Section, Colorado School of Public Health, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1612, USA
- Institute for Learning and Teaching, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1052, USA
- Department of Ethnic Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523-1790, USA
- Correspondence:
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Huang H, Howard CA, Zari S, Cho HJ, Shukla S, Li H, Ndoj J, González-Alonso P, Nikolaidis C, Abbott J, Rogawski DS, Potopnyk MA, Kempinska K, Miao H, Purohit T, Henderson A, Mapp A, Sulis ML, Ferrando A, Grembecka J, Cierpicki T. Covalent inhibition of NSD1 histone methyltransferase. Nat Chem Biol 2020; 16:1403-1410. [PMID: 32868895 PMCID: PMC7669657 DOI: 10.1038/s41589-020-0626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The nuclear receptor-binding SET domain (NSD) family of histone methyltransferases is associated with various malignancies, including aggressive acute leukemia with NUP98-NSD1 translocation. While NSD proteins represent attractive drug targets, their catalytic SET domains exist in autoinhibited conformation, presenting notable challenges for inhibitor development. Here, we employed a fragment-based screening strategy followed by chemical optimization, which resulted in the development of the first-in-class irreversible small-molecule inhibitors of the nuclear receptor-binding SET domain protein 1 (NSD1) SET domain. The crystal structure of NSD1 in complex with covalently bound ligand reveals a conformational change in the autoinhibitory loop of the SET domain and formation of a channel-like pocket suitable for targeting with small molecules. Our covalent lead-compound BT5-demonstrates on-target activity in NUP98-NSD1 leukemia cells, including inhibition of histone H3 lysine 36 dimethylation and downregulation of target genes, and impaired colony formation in an NUP98-NSD1 patient sample. This study will facilitate the development of the next generation of potent and selective inhibitors of the NSD histone methyltransferases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huang Huang
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christina A Howard
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sergei Zari
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hyo Je Cho
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Shirish Shukla
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Juliano Ndoj
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Joshua Abbott
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David S Rogawski
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Hongzhi Miao
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Trupta Purohit
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Andrew Henderson
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anna Mapp
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Maria Luisa Sulis
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Adolfo Ferrando
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jolanta Grembecka
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Tomasz Cierpicki
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Program in Chemical Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Biophysics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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20
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Wong NHM, So CWE. Novel therapeutic strategies for MLL-rearranged leukemias. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2020; 1863:194584. [PMID: 32534041 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2020.194584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
MLL rearrangement is one of the key drivers and generally regarded as an independent poor prognostic marker in acute leukemias. The standard of care for MLL-rearranged (MLL-r) leukemias has remained largely unchanged for the past 50 years despite unsatisfying clinical outcomes, so there is an urgent need for novel therapeutic strategies. An increasing body of evidence demonstrates that a vast number of epigenetic regulators are directly or indirectly involved in MLL-r leukemia, and they are responsible for supporting the aberrant gene expression program mediated by MLL-fusions. Unlike genetic mutations, epigenetic modifications can be reversed by pharmacologic targeting of the responsible epigenetic regulators. This leads to significant interest in developing epigenetic therapies for MLL-r leukemia. Intriguingly, many of the epigenetic enzymes also involve in DNA damage response (DDR), which can be potential targets for synthetic lethality-induced therapies. In this review, we will summarize some of the recent advances in the development of epigenetic and DDR therapeutics by targeting epigenetic regulators or protein complexes that mediate MLL-r leukemia gene expression program and key players in DDR that safeguard essential genome integrity. The rationale and molecular mechanisms underpinning the therapeutic effects will also be discussed with a focus on how these treatments can disrupt MLL-fusion mediated transcriptional programs and impair DDR, which may help overcome treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nok-Hei Mickey Wong
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Team, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Chi Wai Eric So
- Department of Haematological Medicine, Division of Cancer Studies, Leukemia and Stem Cell Biology Team, King's College London, London, UK.
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21
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Wang Z, Hausmann S, Lyu R, Li TM, Lofgren SM, Flores NM, Fuentes ME, Caporicci M, Yang Z, Meiners MJ, Cheek MA, Howard SA, Zhang L, Elias JE, Kim MP, Maitra A, Wang H, Bassik MC, Keogh MC, Sage J, Gozani O, Mazur PK. SETD5-Coordinated Chromatin Reprogramming Regulates Adaptive Resistance to Targeted Pancreatic Cancer Therapy. Cancer Cell 2020; 37:834-849.e13. [PMID: 32442403 PMCID: PMC8187079 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive targeted therapy resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) are poorly understood. Here, we identify SETD5 as a major driver of PDAC resistance to MEK1/2 inhibition (MEKi). SETD5 is induced by MEKi resistance and its deletion restores refractory PDAC vulnerability to MEKi therapy in mouse models and patient-derived xenografts. SETD5 lacks histone methyltransferase activity but scaffolds a co-repressor complex, including HDAC3 and G9a. Gene silencing by the SETD5 complex regulates known drug resistance pathways to reprogram cellular responses to MEKi. Pharmacological co-targeting of MEK1/2, HDAC3, and G9a sustains PDAC tumor growth inhibition in vivo. Our work uncovers SETD5 as a key mediator of acquired MEKi therapy resistance in PDAC and suggests a context for advancing MEKi use in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentian Wang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Simone Hausmann
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ruitu Lyu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Tie-Mei Li
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Shane M Lofgren
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Natasha M Flores
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mary E Fuentes
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Marcello Caporicci
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ze Yang
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael P Kim
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Anirban Maitra
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Huamin Wang
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael Cory Bassik
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Julien Sage
- Department of Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Or Gozani
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| | - Pawel K Mazur
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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22
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Jafarpour F, Ghazvini Zadegan F, Ostadhosseini S, Hajian M, Kiani-Esfahani A, Nasr-Esfahani MH. siRNA inhibition and not chemical inhibition of Suv39h1/2 enhances pre-implantation embryonic development of bovine somatic cell nuclear transfer embryos. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0233880. [PMID: 32497112 PMCID: PMC7272017 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0233880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is low due to the strong resistance of somatic donor cells to epigenetic reprogramming. Many epigenetic drugs targeting DNA methylation and histone acetylation have been used in attempts to improve the in vitro and in vivo development of SCNT embryos. H3K9me3 has been shown to be an important reprogramming barrier for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and SCNT embryos in mice and humans. In this study, we examined the effects of selective siRNA and chemical inhibition of H3K9me3 in somatic donor cells on the in vitro development of bovine SCNT embryos. Chaetocin, an inhibitor of SUV39H1/H2, was supplemented during the culture of donor cells. In addition, the siRNA knockdown of SUV39H1/H2 was performed in the donor cells. The effects of chaetocin and siSUV39H1/H2 on H3K9me3 and H3K9ac were quantified using flow cytometry. Furthermore, we assessed chaetocin treatment and SUV39H1/H2 knockdown on the blastocyst formation rate. Both chaetocin and siSUV39H1/H2 significantly reduced and elevated the relative intensity level of H3K9me3 and H3K9ac in treated fibroblast cells, respectively. siSUV39H1/H2 transfection, but not chaetocin treatment, improved the in vitro development of SCNT embryos. Moreover, siSUV39H1/H2 altered the expression profile of the selected genes in the derived blastocysts, similar to those derived from in vitro fertilization (IVF). In conclusion, our results demonstrated H3K9me3 as an epigenetic barrier in the reprogramming process mediated by SCNT in bovine species, a finding which supports the role of H3K9me3 as a reprogramming barrier in mammalian species. Our findings provide a promising approach for improving the efficiency of mammalian cloning for agricultural and biomedical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnoosh Jafarpour
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Faezeh Ghazvini Zadegan
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Somayyeh Ostadhosseini
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Hajian
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Abbas Kiani-Esfahani
- Department of Cellular Biotechnology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
| | - M. H. Nasr-Esfahani
- Department of Reproductive Biotechnology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Isfahan, Iran
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23
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Pahlavanneshan S, Behmanesh M, Oropeza D, Furuyama K, Tahamtani Y, Basiri M, Herrera PL, Baharvand H. Combined inhibition of menin-MLL interaction and TGF-β signaling induces replication of human pancreatic beta cells. Eur J Cell Biol 2020; 99:151094. [PMID: 32646642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2020.151094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes are associated with hyperglycemia and loss of functional beta cell mass. Inducing proliferation of preexisting beta cells is an approach to increase the numbers of beta cells. In this study, we examined a panel of selected small molecules for their proliferation-inducing effects on human pancreatic beta cells. Our results demonstrated that a small molecule inhibitor of the menin-MLL interaction (MI-2) and small molecule inhibitors of TGF-β signaling (SB431542, LY2157299, or LY364947) synergistically increased ex vivo replication of human beta cells. We showed that this increased proliferation did not affect insulin production, as a pivotal indication of beta cell function. We further provided evidence which suggested that menin-MLL and TGF-β inhibition cooperated through downregulation of cell cycle inhibitors CDKN1A, CDKN1B, and CDKN2C. Our findings might provide a new option for extending the pharmacological repertoire for induction of beta cell proliferation as a potential therapeutic approach for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saghar Pahlavanneshan
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Behmanesh
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Daniel Oropeza
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Kenichiro Furuyama
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Yaser Tahamtani
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Basiri
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pedro L Herrera
- Department of Genetic Medicine and Development, iGE3 and Centre Facultaire du Diabète, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran; Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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Abstract
Covering: 2000 to 2019The discovery of new natural products that have some combination of unprecedented chemical structures, biological activities of therapeutic interest for urgent medical needs, and new molecular targets provides the fuel that sustains the vitality of natural products chemistry research. Unfortunately, finding these important new compounds is neither routine or trivial and a major challenge is finding effective discovery paradigms. This review presents examples that illustrate the effectiveness of a chemical genetics approach to marine natural product (MNP) discovery that intertwines compound discovery, molecular target identification, and phenotypic response/biological activity. The examples include MNPs that have complex unprecedented structures, new or understudied molecular targets, and potent biological activities of therapeutic interest. A variety of methods to identify molecular targets are also featured.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Williams
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Science, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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López-López E, Rabal O, Oyarzabal J, Medina-Franco JL. Towards the understanding of the activity of G9a inhibitors: an activity landscape and molecular modeling approach. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2020; 34:659-669. [PMID: 32060676 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-020-00298-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, we analyze the structure-activity relationships (SAR) of epigenetic inhibitors (lysine mimetics) against lysine methyltransferase (G9a or EHMT2) using a combined activity landscape, molecular docking and molecular dynamics approach. The study was based on a set of 251 G9a inhibitors with reported experimental activity. The activity landscape analysis rapidly led to the identification of activity cliffs, scaffolds hops and other active an inactive molecules with distinct SAR. Structure-based analysis of activity cliffs, scaffold hops and other selected active and inactive G9a inhibitors by means of docking followed by molecular dynamics simulations led to the identification of interactions with key residues involved in activity against G9a, for instance with ASP 1083, LEU 1086, ASP 1088, TYR 1154 and PHE 1158. The outcome of this work is expected to further advance the development of G9a inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar López-López
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pio XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pio XII, 55, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José L Medina-Franco
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemistry, National Autonomous University of Mexico, 04510, Mexico City, Mexico.
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Kim H, Choi SY, Lim J, Lindroth AM, Park YJ. EHMT2 Inhibition Induces Cell Death in Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer by Altering the Cholesterol Biosynthesis Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1002. [PMID: 32028644 PMCID: PMC7037906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21031002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a major subtype of lung cancer. Besides genetic and environmental factors, epigenetic alterations contribute to the tumorigenesis of NSCLC. Epigenetic changes are considered key drivers of cancer initiation and progression, and altered expression and activity of epigenetic modifiers reshape the epigenetic landscape in cancer cells. Euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2) is a histone methyltransferase and catalyzes mono- and di-methylation at histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me1 and H3K9me2, respectively), leading to gene silencing. EHMT2 overexpression has been reported in various types of cancer, including ovarian cancer and neuroblastoma, in relation to cell proliferation and metastasis. However, its role in NSCLC is not fully understood. In this study, we showed that EHMT2 gene expression was higher in NSCLC than normal lung tissue based on publicly available data. Inhibition of EHMT2 by BIX01294 (BIX) reduced cell viability of NSCLC cell lines via induction of autophagy. Through RNA sequencing analysis, we found that EHMT2 inhibition significantly affected the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. BIX treatment directly induced the expression of SREBF2, which is a master regulator of cholesterol biosynthesis, by lowering H3K9me1 and H3K9me2 at the promoter. Treatment of a cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitor, 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-HC), partially recovered BIX-induced cell death by attenuating autophagy. Our data demonstrated that EHMT2 inhibition effectively induced cell death in NSCLC cells through altering cholesterol metabolism-dependent autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeun Kim
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Seo Yoon Choi
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
| | - Jinyeong Lim
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Korea
| | - Anders M. Lindroth
- Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center, Goyang-si 10408, Korea
| | - Yoon Jung Park
- Department of Nutritional Science and Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea
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27
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Gu M, Toh TB, Hooi L, Lim JJ, Zhang X, Chow EKH. Nanodiamond-Mediated Delivery of a G9a Inhibitor for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Therapy. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2019; 11:45427-45441. [PMID: 31718136 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b16323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary liver cancer with high mortality but limited therapeutic options. Epigenetic regulations including DNA methylation and histone modification control gene expressions and play a crucial role during tumorigenesis. G9a, also known as EHMT2 (euchromatic histone-lysine N-methyltransferase 2), is a histone methyltransferase predominantly responsible for dimethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9). G9a has been shown to play a key role in promoting tumor progression. Recent studies have identified that G9a is a critical mediator of HCC pathogenesis. UNC0646 is a G9a inhibitor that has shown potent in vitro efficacy. However, due to its water insolubility, the in vivo efficacy of UNC0646 is not satisfactory. In this study, nanodiamonds (NDs) were utilized as a drug delivery platform to improve in vivo delivery of this small-molecule inhibitor. Our results showed that ND-UNC0646 complexes could be rapidly synthesized by physical adsorption, meanwhile possessing favorable drug delivery properties and was able to improve the dispersibility of UNC0646 in water, therefore making it amenable for intravenous administration. The release profile of UNC0646 from ND-UNC0646 was demonstrated to be pH-responsive. Moreover, ND-UNC0646 maintained the biological functionality of UNC0646, with higher efficacy in reducing H3K9 methylation as well as enhanced invasion suppressive effects. Most importantly, increased in vivo efficacy was demonstrated using an orthotopic HCC mouse model, which paves the way of translating this small-molecule inhibitor toward HCC treatment. Our work demonstrates the potential of NDs in the clinical application for HCC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 117600 , Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
| | - Tan Boon Toh
- The N.1 Institute for Health , National University of Singapore , 117456 , Singapore
| | - Lissa Hooi
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
| | - Jhin Jieh Lim
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
| | - Xiyun Zhang
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
- Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 119228 , Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine , National University of Singapore , 117600 , Singapore
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore , National University of Singapore , 117599 , Singapore
- The N.1 Institute for Health , National University of Singapore , 117456 , Singapore
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28
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Griñán-Ferré C, Marsal-García L, Bellver-Sanchis A, Kondengaden SM, Turga RC, Vázquez S, Pallàs M. Pharmacological inhibition of G9a/GLP restores cognition and reduces oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and β-Amyloid plaques in an early-onset Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Aging (Albany NY) 2019; 11:11591-11608. [PMID: 31804189 PMCID: PMC6932909 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The implication of epigenetic mechanisms in Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been demonstrated in several studies. UNC0642, a specific and potent inhibitor of methyltransferase activity G9a/GLP (G9a-like) complex, was evaluated in the 5XFAD mouse model. UNC0642 treatment rescued 5XFAD cognition impairment, reduced DNA-methylation (5-mC), increased hydroxymethylation (5-hmC), and decreased the di-methylation of lysine 9 of histone H3 (H3K9me2) levels in the hippocampus. Increases in the Nuclear Factor erythroid-2-Related Factor 2 (NRF2), Heme oxygenase decycling 1 (Hmox1) gene expression, and diminution in Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) were also reported. Moreover, neuroinflammatory markers, such as Interleukin 6 (Il-6), Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (Tnf-α) gene expression, and Glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunofluorescence were reduced by UNC0642 treatment. An increase in Nerve growth factor (Ngf), Nerve growth factor inducible (Vgf) gene expression, Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and Synaptophysin (SYN) were found after UNC0642 treatment. Importantly, a reduction in β-amyloid plaques was also observed. In conclusion, our work demonstrates that the inhibition of the G9a/GLP complex by UNC0642 delivered significant neuroprotective effects in 5XFAD mice, point out G9a/GLP as a new target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Griñán-Ferré
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Laura Marsal-García
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Aina Bellver-Sanchis
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | | | - Ravi Chakra Turga
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
| | - Santiago Vázquez
- Laboratori de Química Farmacèutica (Unitat Associada al CSIC), Department de Farmacologia, Toxicologia i Química Terapèutica, Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, and Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona E-08028, Spain
| | - Mercè Pallàs
- Pharmacology Section, Department of Pharmacology, Toxicology, and Therapeutic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Institute of Neuroscience, University of Barcelona (NeuroUB), Barcelona 08028, Spain
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Harman JL, Dobnikar L, Chappell J, Stokell BG, Dalby A, Foote K, Finigan A, Freire-Pritchett P, Taylor AL, Worssam MD, Madsen RR, Loche E, Uryga A, Bennett MR, Jørgensen HF. Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Histone H3 Lysine 9 Dimethylation Attenuates Target Gene-Induction by Inflammatory Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2289-2302. [PMID: 31434493 PMCID: PMC6818986 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular inflammation underlies cardiovascular disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) upregulate selective genes, including MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and proinflammatory cytokines upon local inflammation, which directly contribute to vascular disease and adverse clinical outcome. Identification of factors controlling VSMC responses to inflammation is therefore of considerable therapeutic importance. Here, we determine the role of Histone H3 lysine 9 di-methylation (H3K9me2), a repressive epigenetic mark that is reduced in atherosclerotic lesions, in regulating the VSMC inflammatory response. Approach and Results: We used VSMC-lineage tracing to reveal reduced H3K9me2 levels in VSMCs of arteries after injury and in atherosclerotic lesions compared with control vessels. Intriguingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed H3K9me2 enrichment at a subset of inflammation-responsive gene promoters, including MMP3, MMP9, MMP12, and IL6, in mouse and human VSMCs. Inhibition of G9A/GLP (G9A-like protein), the primary enzymes responsible for H3K9me2, significantly potentiated inflammation-induced gene induction in vitro and in vivo without altering NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling. Rather, reduced G9A/GLP activity enhanced inflammation-induced binding of transcription factors NFκB-p65 and cJUN to H3K9me2 target gene promoters MMP3 and IL6. Taken together, these results suggest that promoter-associated H3K9me2 directly attenuates the induction of target genes in response to inflammation in human VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS This study implicates H3K9me2 in regulating the proinflammatory VSMC phenotype. Our findings suggest that reduced H3K9me2 in disease enhance binding of NFκB and AP-1 (activator protein-1) transcription factors at specific inflammation-responsive genes to augment proinflammatory stimuli in VSMC. Therefore, H3K9me2-regulation could be targeted clinically to limit expression of MMPs and IL6, which are induced in vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Harman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (L.D., P.F.-P.)
| | - Joel Chappell
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Benjamin G. Stokell
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.G.S.)
| | - Amanda Dalby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Kirsty Foote
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Alison Finigan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | | | - Annabel L. Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Matthew D. Worssam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Ralitsa R. Madsen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Elena Loche
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Anna Uryga
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Martin R. Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Helle F. Jørgensen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
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Ngwa CJ, Kiesow MJ, Orchard LM, Farrukh A, Llinás M, Pradel G. The G9a Histone Methyltransferase Inhibitor BIX-01294 Modulates Gene Expression during Plasmodium falciparum Gametocyte Development and Transmission. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20205087. [PMID: 31615031 PMCID: PMC6829282 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20205087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Transmission of the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum from the human to the mosquito is initiated by specialized sexual cells, the gametocytes. In the human, gametocytes are formed in response to stress signals and following uptake by a blood-feeding Anopheles mosquito initiate sexual reproduction. Gametocytes need to fine-tune their gene expression in order to develop inside the mosquito to continue life-cycle progression. Previously, we showed that post-translational histone acetylation controls gene expression during gametocyte development and transmission. However, the role of histone methylation remains poorly understood. We here use the histone G9a methyltransferase inhibitor BIX-01294 to investigate the role of histone methylation in regulating gene expression in gametocytes. In vitro assays demonstrated that BIX-01294 inhibits intraerythrocytic replication with a half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 13.0 nM. Furthermore, BIX-01294 significantly impairs gametocyte maturation and reduces the formation of gametes and zygotes. Comparative transcriptomics between BIX-01294-treated and untreated immature, mature and activated gametocytes demonstrated greater than 1.5-fold deregulation of approximately 359 genes. The majority of these genes are transcriptionally downregulated in the activated gametocytes and could be assigned to transcription, translation, and signaling, indicating a contribution of histone methylations in mediating gametogenesis. Our combined data show that inhibitors of histone methylation may serve as a multi-stage antimalarial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che Julius Ngwa
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Meike Jutta Kiesow
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Lindsey Marie Orchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Center for Malaria Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Afia Farrukh
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Manuel Llinás
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology & Center for Malaria Research, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
| | - Gabriele Pradel
- Division of Cellular and Applied Infection Biology, Institute of Zoology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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31
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Leenders R, Zijlmans R, van Bree B, van de Sande M, Trivarelli F, Damen E, Wegert A, Müller D, Ehlert JE, Feger D, Heidemann-Dinger C, Kubbutat M, Schächtele C, Lenstra DC, Mecinović J, Müller G. Novel SAR for quinazoline inhibitors of EHMT1 and EHMT2. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2019; 29:2516-2524. [PMID: 31350126 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2019.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Detailed structure activity relationship of two series of quinazoline EHMT1/EHMT2 inhibitors (UNC0224 and UNC0638) have been elaborated. New and active alternatives are presented for the ubiquitous substitution patterns found in literature for the linker to the lysine mimicking region and the lysine mimic itself. These findings could allow for advancing EHMT1/EHMT2 inhibitors of that type beyond tool compounds by fine-tuning physicochemical properties making these inhibitors more drug-like. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben Leenders
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Remco Zijlmans
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bart van Bree
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Eddy Damen
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Wegert
- Mercachem BV, Kerkenbos 1013, 6546 BB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Müller
- ProQinase GmbH, Breisacher Strasse 117, 19106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Jan Erik Ehlert
- ProQinase GmbH, Breisacher Strasse 117, 19106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Daniel Feger
- ProQinase GmbH, Breisacher Strasse 117, 19106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Michael Kubbutat
- ProQinase GmbH, Breisacher Strasse 117, 19106 Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | | | - Danny C Lenstra
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasmin Mecinović
- Radboud University, Institute for Molecules and Materials, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Gerhard Müller
- Gotham Therapeutics, 430 East 29th Street, New York, NY 10016, USA
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Abstract
SET domain-containing protein 2 (SETD2), the protein of regulating trimethylation status of histone H3 at lysine 36 (H3K36), participates in the maintenance of chromatin architecture, transcription elongation, genome stability, and other biological events. However, its function in preimplantation embryos is still obscure. In this study, specific small interfering RNA was employed to investigate the functions of SETD2. We find that deletion of SETD2 results in the developmental delay of mouse early embryos, indicative of the compromised developmental potential. Remarkably, SETD2 knockdown induces the accumulation of the DNA lesions and apoptotic blastomeres in early embryos. In addition, the methylation level of H3K36 is significantly reduced in two-cell embryos depleted of SETD2. In summary, our data indicate that SETD2 maintains genome stability perhaps via regulating trimethylation status of H3K36, consequently controlling the embryo quality. These findings pave the avenue for understanding the cross-talk between epigenome and SETD2 during early embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunling Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenyue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ling Gu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Schmidt L, Heyes E, Scheiblecker L, Eder T, Volpe G, Frampton J, Nerlov C, Valent P, Grembecka J, Grebien F. CEBPA-mutated leukemia is sensitive to genetic and pharmacological targeting of the MLL1 complex. Leukemia 2019; 33:1608-1619. [PMID: 30679799 PMCID: PMC6612510 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0382-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gene encoding the transcription factor C/EBPα is mutated in 10-15% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients. N-terminal CEBPA mutations cause ablation of full-length C/EBPα without affecting the expression of a shorter oncogenic isoform, termed p30. The mechanistic basis of p30-induced leukemogenesis is incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that the MLL1 histone-methyltransferase complex represents a critical actionable vulnerability in CEBPA-mutated AML. Oncogenic C/EBPα p30 and MLL1 show global co-localization on chromatin and p30 exhibits robust physical interaction with the MLL1 complex. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated mutagenesis of MLL1 results in proliferation arrest and myeloid differentiation in C/EBPα p30-expressing cells. In line, CEBPA-mutated hematopoietic progenitor cells are hypersensitive to pharmacological targeting of the MLL1 complex. Inhibitor treatment impairs proliferation and restores myeloid differentiation potential in mouse and human AML cells with CEBPA mutations. Finally, we identify the transcription factor GATA2 as a direct critical target of the p30-MLL1 interaction. Altogether, we show that C/EBPα p30 requires the MLL1 complex to regulate oncogenic gene expression and that CEBPA-mutated AML is hypersensitive to perturbation of the MLL1 complex. These findings identify the MLL1 complex as a potential therapeutic target in AML with CEBPA mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luisa Schmidt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elizabeth Heyes
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Thomas Eder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giacomo Volpe
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Biology, Joint School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jon Frampton
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK
| | - Claus Nerlov
- Medical Research Council Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Peter Valent
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Hematology & Hemostaseology and Ludwig Boltzmann Cluster Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria.
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria.
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Dilworth D, Barsyte-Lovejoy D. Targeting protein methylation: from chemical tools to precision medicines. Cell Mol Life Sci 2019; 76:2967-2985. [PMID: 31104094 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The methylation of proteins is integral to the execution of many important biological functions, including cell signalling and transcriptional regulation. Protein methyltransferases (PMTs) are a large class of enzymes that carry out the addition of methyl marks to a broad range of substrates. PMTs are critical for normal cellular physiology and their dysregulation is frequently observed in human disease. As such, PMTs have emerged as promising therapeutic targets with several inhibitors now in clinical trials for oncology indications. The discovery of chemical inhibitors and antagonists of protein methylation signalling has also profoundly impacted our general understanding of PMT biology and pharmacology. In this review, we present general principles for drugging protein methyltransferases or their downstream effectors containing methyl-binding modules, as well as best-in-class examples of the compounds discovered and their impact both at the bench and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Dilworth
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Dalia Barsyte-Lovejoy
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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Gauchier M, Kan S, Barral A, Sauzet S, Agirre E, Bonnell E, Saksouk N, Barth TK, Ide S, Urbach S, Wellinger RJ, Luco RF, Imhof A, Déjardin J. SETDB1-dependent heterochromatin stimulates alternative lengthening of telomeres. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav3673. [PMID: 31086817 PMCID: PMC6506250 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav3673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Alternative lengthening of telomeres, or ALT, is a recombination-based process that maintains telomeres to render some cancer cells immortal. The prevailing view is that ALT is inhibited by heterochromatin because heterochromatin prevents recombination. To test this model, we used telomere-specific quantitative proteomics on cells with heterochromatin deficiencies. In contrast to expectations, we found that ALT does not result from a lack of heterochromatin; rather, ALT is a consequence of heterochromatin formation at telomeres, which is seeded by the histone methyltransferase SETDB1. Heterochromatin stimulates transcriptional elongation at telomeres together with the recruitment of recombination factors, while disrupting heterochromatin had the opposite effect. Consistently, loss of SETDB1, disrupts telomeric heterochromatin and abrogates ALT. Thus, inhibiting telomeric heterochromatin formation in ALT cells might offer a new therapeutic approach to cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Gauchier
- Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Sophie Kan
- Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Amandine Barral
- Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Sandrine Sauzet
- Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Eneritz Agirre
- Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Erin Bonnell
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PRAC-Université de Sherbrooke 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, Qc J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Nehmé Saksouk
- Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Teresa K. Barth
- Munich Centre of Integrated Protein Science and Division of Molecular Biology Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str.9 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Satoru Ide
- Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Serge Urbach
- Functional Proteomics Facility, Institute of Functional Genomics, 141 rue de la Cardonille, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Raymund J. Wellinger
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, PRAC-Université de Sherbrooke 3201 Jean-Mignault, Sherbrooke, Qc J1E 4K8, Canada
| | - Reini F. Luco
- Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34000, France
| | - Axel Imhof
- Munich Centre of Integrated Protein Science and Division of Molecular Biology Biomedical Center, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Großhaderner Str.9 82152 Planegg, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Jérôme Déjardin
- Institute of Human Genetics CNRS-Université de Montpellier UMR 9002, 141 rue de la Cardonille, Montpellier 34000, France
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Kukita A, Sone K, Oda K, Hamamoto R, Kaneko S, Komatsu M, Wada M, Honjoh H, Kawata Y, Kojima M, Oki S, Sato M, Asada K, Taguchi A, Miyasaka A, Tanikawa M, Nagasaka K, Matsumoto Y, Wada-Hiraike O, Osuga Y, Fujii T. Histone methyltransferase SMYD2 selective inhibitor LLY-507 in combination with poly ADP ribose polymerase inhibitor has therapeutic potential against high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 513:340-346. [PMID: 30955858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.03.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of histone methylation is known to be related to cancer progression. The histone methyltransferase SMYD2 methylates histone protein H3 and non-histone proteins, including poly ADP ribose polymerase 1 (PARP1). There have been reports of SMYD2 overexpression in several types of cancers. However, there are no reports regarding its role in high-grade serous ovarian carcinomas (HGSOCs). Therefore, we investigated the expression profile and conducted functional analysis on SMYD2 in HGSOC cells. In addition, we verified whether SMYD2 inhibition increases the susceptibility of HGSOC cells to PARP inhibitors. We analyzed the expression of histone methyltransferase SMYD2 by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry using HGSOC clinical tissues (n = 35). We performed functional analyses, including cell proliferation assay, cell cycle analysis, and immunoblotting, after treatment with SMYD2 siRNAs and SMYD2 selective inhibitor LLY-507 in HGSOC cells. We also performed colony-formation assay after combination treatment with LLY-507 and PARP inhibitor olaparib in HGSOC cells. The expression profiles of SMYD2 showed significant overexpression of SMYD2 in HGSOC clinical tissues. The knockdown or inhibition of SMYD2 by siRNAs or LLY-507, respectively, suppressed cell growth by increasing the proportion of apoptotic cells. LLY-507 showed additive effect with olaparib in the colony-formation assay. These findings suggest that LLY-507 can be used alone or in combination with a PARP inhibitor for the treatment of patients with HGSOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asako Kukita
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kenbun Sone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan.
| | - Katsutoshi Oda
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ryuji Hamamoto
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Syuzo Kaneko
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Masaaki Komatsu
- Division of Molecular Modification and Cancer Biology, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Miku Wada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Harunori Honjoh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Kawata
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Machiko Kojima
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Shinya Oki
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Masakazu Sato
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kayo Asada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Ayumi Taguchi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Aki Miyasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Michihiro Tanikawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagasaka
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yoko Matsumoto
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Osamu Wada-Hiraike
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Yutaka Osuga
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8655, Japan
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Jia X, Miron RJ, Yin C, Xu H, Luo T, Wang J, Jia R, Wu M, Zhang Y, Li Y. HnRNPL inhibits the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs stimulated by SrCl 2 through repressing Setd2. J Cell Mol Med 2019; 23:2667-2677. [PMID: 30746871 PMCID: PMC6433863 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoporosis has been shown to intensify bone loss caused by periodontitis and both share common risk factors. One strategy utilized to manage the disease has been via the release of Sr ions by Strontium Ranelate having a direct effect on preventing osteoclast activation and promoting osteoblast differentiation. Previously we have developed and characterized porous Sr-mesoporous bioactive glass (Sr-MBG) scaffolds and demonstrated their ability to promote periodontal regeneration when compared to MBG alone. Our group further discovered a splicing factor, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNPL), was drastically down-regulated in periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLCs) stimulated by Sr through the activation of AKT pathway. Furthermore, hnRNPL restrained the osteogenic differentiation of PDLCs through down-regulating H3K36me3-specific methyltransferase Setd2. The goal of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of periodontal regeneration stimulated by Sr It was first found that the epigenetic mechanism of splicing factor hnRNPL participated in the osteogenesis processing of PDLCs stimulated by SrCl2 . Meanwhile, the different role of hnRNPL and SET domain containing 2 (Setd2) may provide some implication of the treatment of periodontitis patients simultaneously suffering from osteoporosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshi Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Richard J. Miron
- Department of Periodontology, Cell Therapy Institute, College of Dental MedicineNova Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFlorida
| | - Chengcheng Yin
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Hudi Xu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Tao Luo
- Key Laboratory of Oral MedicineGuangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Jiwei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Oral MedicineGuangzhou Institute of Oral Disease, Stomatology Hospital of Guangzhou Medical UniversityGuangzhouChina
| | - Rong Jia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Min Wu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis, Hubei Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Yufeng Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
| | - Yuhong Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei‐MOST) & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of EducationWuhan UniversityWuhanPeople's Republic of China
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Wang P, Karakose E, Liu H, Swartz E, Ackeifi C, Zlatanic V, Wilson J, González BJ, Bender A, Takane KK, Ye L, Harb G, Pagliuca F, Homann D, Egli D, Argmann C, Scott DK, Garcia-Ocaña A, Stewart AF. Combined Inhibition of DYRK1A, SMAD, and Trithorax Pathways Synergizes to Induce Robust Replication in Adult Human Beta Cells. Cell Metab 2019; 29:638-652.e5. [PMID: 30581122 PMCID: PMC6402958 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Small-molecule inhibitors of dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) induce human beta cells to proliferate, generating a labeling index of 1.5%-3%. Here, we demonstrate that combined pharmacologic inhibition of DYRK1A and transforming growth factor beta superfamily (TGFβSF)/SMAD signaling generates remarkable further synergistic increases in human beta cell proliferation (average labeling index, 5%-8%, and as high as 15%-18%), and increases in both mouse and human beta cell numbers. This synergy reflects activation of cyclins and cdks by DYRK1A inhibition, accompanied by simultaneous reductions in key cell-cycle inhibitors (CDKN1C and CDKN1A). The latter results from interference with the basal Trithorax- and SMAD-mediated transactivation of CDKN1C and CDKN1A. Notably, combined DYRK1A and TGFβ inhibition allows preservation of beta cell differentiated function. These beneficial effects extend from normal human beta cells and stem cell-derived human beta cells to those from people with type 2 diabetes, and occur both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Wang
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Esra Karakose
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Hongtao Liu
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Ethan Swartz
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Courtney Ackeifi
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Viktor Zlatanic
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jessica Wilson
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Bryan J González
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Aaron Bender
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Karen K Takane
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Lillian Ye
- Semma Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - George Harb
- Semma Therapeutics, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | | | - Dirk Homann
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Dieter Egli
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Carmen Argmann
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Donald K Scott
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Adolfo Garcia-Ocaña
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Andrew F Stewart
- Diabetes, Obesity, and Metabolism Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Nassa G, Salvati A, Tarallo R, Gigantino V, Alexandrova E, Memoli D, Sellitto A, Rizzo F, Malanga D, Mirante T, Morelli E, Nees M, Åkerfelt M, Kangaspeska S, Nyman TA, Milanesi L, Giurato G, Weisz A. Inhibition of histone methyltransferase DOT1L silences ERα gene and blocks proliferation of antiestrogen-resistant breast cancer cells. Sci Adv 2019; 5:eaav5590. [PMID: 30775443 PMCID: PMC6365116 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav5590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) resistance to endocrine therapy results from constitutively active or aberrant estrogen receptor α (ERα) signaling, and ways to block ERα pathway in these tumors are sought after. We identified the H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L as a novel cofactor of ERα in BC cell chromatin, where the two proteins colocalize to regulate estrogen target gene transcription. DOT1L blockade reduces proliferation of hormone-responsive BC cells in vivo and in vitro, consequent to cell cycle arrest and apoptotic cell death, with widespread effects on ER-dependent gene transcription, including ERα and FOXA1 gene silencing. Antiestrogen-resistant BC cells respond to DOT1L inhibition also in mouse xenografts, with reduction in ERα levels, H3K79 methylation, and tumor growth. These results indicate that DOT1L is an exploitable epigenetic target for treatment of endocrine therapy-resistant ERα-positive BCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Nassa
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Annamaria Salvati
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Roberta Tarallo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Valerio Gigantino
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Elena Alexandrova
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Genomix4Life Srl, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Domenico Memoli
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Assunta Sellitto
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Francesca Rizzo
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Donatella Malanga
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro (CZ), Italy
| | - Teresa Mirante
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro (CZ), Italy
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University “Magna Graecia”, Catanzaro (CZ), Italy
| | - Matthias Nees
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Malin Åkerfelt
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Sara Kangaspeska
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, Biomedicum 2U, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuula A. Nyman
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Rikshospitalet Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Luciano Milanesi
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies, National Research Council, Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giurato
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
- Genomix4Life Srl, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
| | - Alessandro Weisz
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine and Genomics, Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry, “Scuola Medica Salernitana”, University of Salerno, Baronissi, SA, Italy
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Ding W, Higgins DP, Yadav DK, Godbole AA, Pukkila-Worley R, Walker AK. Stress-responsive and metabolic gene regulation are altered in low S-adenosylmethionine. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007812. [PMID: 30485261 PMCID: PMC6287882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) is a donor which provides the methyl groups for histone or nucleic acid modification and phosphatidylcholine production. SAM is hypothesized to link metabolism and chromatin modification, however, its role in acute gene regulation is poorly understood. We recently found that Caenorhabditis elegans with reduced SAM had deficiencies in H3K4 trimethylation (H3K4me3) at pathogen-response genes, decreasing their expression and limiting pathogen resistance. We hypothesized that SAM may be generally required for stress-responsive transcription. Here, using genetic assays, we show that transcriptional responses to bacterial or xenotoxic stress fail in C. elegans with low SAM, but that expression of heat shock genes are unaffected. We also found that two H3K4 methyltransferases, set-2/SET1 and set-16/MLL, had differential responses to survival during stress. set-2/SET1 is specifically required in bacterial responses, whereas set-16/MLL is universally required. These results define a role for SAM in the acute stress-responsive gene expression. Finally, we find that modification of metabolic gene expression correlates with enhanced survival during stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Ding
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Daniel P. Higgins
- Department of Computer Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Dilip K. Yadav
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Adwait A. Godbole
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Read Pukkila-Worley
- Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, UMASS Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
| | - Amy K. Walker
- Program in Molecular Medicine, UMASS Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States of America
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Gautam D, Johnson BA, Mac M, Moody CA. SETD2-dependent H3K36me3 plays a critical role in epigenetic regulation of the HPV31 life cycle. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007367. [PMID: 30312361 PMCID: PMC6200281 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Revised: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The life cycle of HPV is tied to the differentiation status of its host cell, with productive replication, late gene expression and virion production restricted to the uppermost layers of the stratified epithelium. HPV DNA is histone-associated, exhibiting a chromatin structure similar to that of the host chromosome. Although HPV chromatin is subject to histone post-translational modifications, how the viral life cycle is epigenetically regulated is not well understood. SETD2 is a histone methyltransferase that places the trimethyl mark on H3K36 (H3K36me3), a mark of active transcription. Here, we define a role for SETD2 and H3K36me3 in the viral life cycle. We have found that HPV positive cells exhibit increased levels of SETD2, with SETD2 depletion leading to defects in productive viral replication and splicing of late viral RNAs. Reducing H3K36me3 by overexpression of KDM4A, an H3K36me3 demethylase, or an H3.3K36M transgene also blocks productive viral replication, indicating a significant role for this histone modification in facilitating viral processes. H3K36me3 is enriched on the 3' end of the early region of the high-risk HPV31 genome in a SETD2-dependent manner, suggesting that SETD2 may regulate the viral life cycle through the recruitment of H3K36me3 readers to viral DNA. Intriguingly, we have found that activation of the ATM DNA damage kinase, which is required for productive viral replication, is necessary for the maintenance of H3K36me3 on viral chromatin and for processing of late viral RNAs. Additionally, we have found that the HPV31 E7 protein maintains the increased SETD2 levels in infected cells through an extension of protein half-life. Collectively, our findings highlight the importance of epigenetic modifications in driving the viral life cycle and identify a novel role for E7 as well as the DNA damage response in the regulation of viral processes through epigenetic modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipendra Gautam
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Bryan A. Johnson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Michelle Mac
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Cary A. Moody
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kim TW, Lee SY, Kim M, Cheon C, Ko SG. Kaempferol induces autophagic cell death via IRE1-JNK-CHOP pathway and inhibition of G9a in gastric cancer cells. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:875. [PMID: 30158521 PMCID: PMC6115440 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0930-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Kaempferol, a flavonoid, found in traditional medicine, fruits, and vegetables, and an HDAC inhibitor, is a powerful anti-cancer reagent against various cancer cell lines. However, detailed mechanisms involved in the treatment of gastric cancer (GC) using kaempferol are not fully understood. In our study, we investigated the biological activity and molecular mechanism involved in kaempferol-mediated treatment of GC. Kaempferol promoted autophagy and cell death, and increased LC3-I to LC3-II conversion and the downregulation of p62 in GC. Furthermore, our results showed that kaempferol induces autophagic cell death via the activation of the IRE1-JNK-CHOP signaling, indicating ER stress response. Indeed, the inhibition of ER stress suppressed kaempferol-induced autophagy and conferred prolonged cell survival, indicating autophagic cell death. We further showed that kaempferol mediates epigenetic change via the inhibition of G9a (HDAC/G9a axis) and also activates autophagic cell death. Taken together, our findings indicate that kaempferol activates the IRE1-JNK-CHOP signaling from cytosol to nucleus, and G9a inhibition activates autophagic cell death in GC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tae Woo Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Young Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mia Kim
- Department of Cardiovascular and Neurologic disease (Stroke center), College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chunhoo Cheon
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Seong-Gyu Ko
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea.
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43
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Wang F, Jeon KO, Salovich JM, Macdonald JD, Alvarado J, Gogliotti RD, Phan J, Olejniczak ET, Sun Q, Wang S, Camper D, Yuh JP, Shaw JG, Sai J, Rossanese OW, Tansey WP, Stauffer SR, Fesik SW. Discovery of Potent 2-Aryl-6,7-dihydro-5 H-pyrrolo[1,2- a]imidazoles as WDR5-WIN-Site Inhibitors Using Fragment-Based Methods and Structure-Based Design. J Med Chem 2018; 61:5623-5642. [PMID: 29889518 PMCID: PMC6842305 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
WDR5 is a chromatin-regulatory scaffold protein overexpressed in various cancers and a potential epigenetic drug target for the treatment of mixed-lineage leukemia. Here, we describe the discovery of potent and selective WDR5-WIN-site inhibitors using fragment-based methods and structure-based design. NMR-based screening of a large fragment library identified several chemically distinct hit series that bind to the WIN site within WDR5. Members of a 6,7-dihydro-5 H-pyrrolo[1,2- a]imidazole fragment class were expanded using a structure-based design approach to arrive at lead compounds with dissociation constants <10 nM and micromolar cellular activity against an AML-leukemia cell line. These compounds represent starting points for the discovery of clinically useful WDR5 inhibitors for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Kyu Ok Jeon
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - James M. Salovich
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Joseph Alvarado
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Rocco D. Gogliotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jason Phan
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | | | - Qi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Shidong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - DeMarco Camper
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Joannes P. Yuh
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - J. Grace Shaw
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Jiqing Sai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Olivia W. Rossanese
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - William P. Tansey
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Shaun R. Stauffer
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
| | - Stephen W. Fesik
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
- Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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44
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Morrison MJ, Boriack-Sjodin PA, Swinger KK, Wigle TJ, Sadalge D, Kuntz KW, Scott MP, Janzen WP, Chesworth R, Duncan KW, Harvey DM, Lampe JW, Mitchell LH, Copeland RA. Identification of a peptide inhibitor for the histone methyltransferase WHSC1. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197082. [PMID: 29742153 PMCID: PMC5942779 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
WHSC1 is a histone methyltransferase that is responsible for mono- and dimethylation of lysine 36 on histone H3 and has been implicated as a driver in a variety of hematological and solid tumors. Currently, there is a complete lack of validated chemical matter for this important drug discovery target. Herein we report on the first fully validated WHSC1 inhibitor, PTD2, a norleucine-containing peptide derived from the histone H4 sequence. This peptide exhibits micromolar affinity towards WHSC1 in biochemical and biophysical assays. Furthermore, a crystal structure was solved with the peptide in complex with SAM and the SET domain of WHSC1L1. This inhibitor is an important first step in creating potent, selective WHSC1 tool compounds for the purposes of understanding the complex biology in relation to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tim J. Wigle
- Epizyme Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Dipti Sadalge
- Epizyme Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin W. Kuntz
- Epizyme Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | | | | | | | - Darren M. Harvey
- Epizyme Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John W. Lampe
- Epizyme Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
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Tamura R, Doi S, Nakashima A, Sasaki K, Maeda K, Ueno T, Masaki T. Inhibition of the H3K4 methyltransferase SET7/9 ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196844. [PMID: 29723250 PMCID: PMC5933785 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a major mediator of peritoneal fibrosis and reportedly affects expression of the H3K4 methyltransferase, SET7/9. SET7/9-induced H3K4 mono-methylation (H3K4me1) critically activates transcription of fibrosis-related genes. In this study, we examined the effect of SET7/9 inhibition on peritoneal fibrosis in mice and in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs). We also examined SET7/9 expression in nonadherent cells isolated from the effluent of peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. Murine peritoneal fibrosis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of methylglyoxal (MGO) into male C57/BL6 mice over 21 days. Sinefungin, a SET7/9 inhibitor, was administered subcutaneously just before MGO injection (10 mg/kg). SET7/9 expression was elevated in both MGO-injected mice and nonadherent cells isolated from the effluent of PD patients. SET7/9 expression was positively correlated with dialysate/plasma ratio of creatinine in PD patients. Sinefungin was shown immunohistochemically to suppress expression of mesenchymal cells and collagen deposition, accompanied by decreased H3K4me1 levels. Peritoneal equilibration tests showed that sinefungin attenuated the urea nitrogen transport rate from plasma and the glucose absorption rate from the dialysate. In vitro, sinefungin suppressed TGF-β1-induced expression of fibrotic markers and inhibited H3K4me1. These findings suggest that inhibiting the H3K4 methyltransferase SET7/9 ameliorates peritoneal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tamura
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Doi
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Ayumu Nakashima
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kensuke Sasaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Kazuya Maeda
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Toshinori Ueno
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Takao Masaki
- Department of Nephrology, Hiroshima University Hospital, Hiroshima, Japan
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Ding H, Lu WC, Hu JC, Liu YC, Zhang CH, Lian FL, Zhang NX, Meng FW, Luo C, Chen KX. Identification and Characterizations of Novel, Selective Histone Methyltransferase SET7 Inhibitors by Scaffold Hopping- and 2D-Molecular Fingerprint-Based Similarity Search. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23030567. [PMID: 29498708 PMCID: PMC6017732 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SET7, serving as the only histone methyltransferase that monomethylates 'Lys-4' of histone H3, has been proved to function as a key regulator in diverse biological processes, such as cell proliferation, transcriptional network regulation in embryonic stem cell, cell cycle control, protein stability, heart morphogenesis and development. What's more, SET7 is involved inthe pathogenesis of alopecia aerate, breast cancer, tumor and cancer progression, atherosclerosis in human carotid plaques, chronic renal diseases, diabetes, obesity, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, there is urgent need to develop novel SET7 inhibitors. In this paper, based on DC-S239 which has been previously reported in our group, we employed scaffold hopping- and 2D fingerprint-based similarity searches and identified DC-S285 as the new hit compound targeting SET7 (IC50 = 9.3 μM). Both radioactive tracing and NMR experiments validated the interactions between DC-S285 and SET7 followed by the second-round similarity search leading to the identification ofDC-S303 with the IC50 value of 1.1 μM. In cellular level, DC-S285 retarded tumor cell proliferation and showed selectivity against MCF7 (IC50 = 21.4 μM), Jurkat (IC50 = 2.2 μM), THP1 (IC50 = 3.5 μM), U937 (IC50 = 3.9 μM) cell lines. Docking calculations suggested that DC-S303 share similar binding mode with the parent compoundDC-S239. What's more, it presented good selectivity against other epigenetic targets, including SETD1B, SETD8, G9a, SMYD2 and EZH2. DC-S303 can serve as a drug-like scaffold which may need further optimization for drug development, and can be used as chemical probe to help the community to better understand the SET7 biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Ding
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Wen Chao Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Jun Chi Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Yu-Chih Liu
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd., #5 Building, 998 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Chen Hua Zhang
- Shanghai ChemPartner Co., Ltd., #5 Building, 998 Halei Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fu Lin Lian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Nai Xia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Fan Wang Meng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON L8S 4L8, Canada.
| | - Cheng Luo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Kai Xian Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Receptor Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zuchongzhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
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47
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Rodriguez-Madoz JR, San Jose-Eneriz E, Rabal O, Zapata-Linares N, Miranda E, Rodriguez S, Porciuncula A, Vilas-Zornoza A, Garate L, Segura V, Guruceaga E, Agirre X, Oyarzabal J, Prosper F. Reversible dual inhibitor against G9a and DNMT1 improves human iPSC derivation enhancing MET and facilitating transcription factor engagement to the genome. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190275. [PMID: 29281720 PMCID: PMC5744984 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of defined factors with small molecules targeting epigenetic factors is a strategy that has been shown to enhance optimal derivation of iPSCs and could be used for disease modelling, high throughput screenings and/or regenerative medicine applications. In this study, we showed that a new first-in-class reversible dual G9a/DNMT1 inhibitor compound (CM272) improves the efficiency of human cell reprogramming and iPSC generation from primary cells of healthy donors and patient samples, using both integrative and non-integrative methods. Moreover, CM272 facilitates the generation of human iPSC with only two factors allowing the removal of the most potent oncogenic factor cMYC. Furthermore, we demonstrated that mechanistically, treatment with CM272 induces heterochromatin relaxation, facilitates the engagement of OCT4 and SOX2 transcription factors to OSKM refractory binding regions that are required for iPSC establishment, and enhances mesenchymal to epithelial transition during the early phase of cell reprogramming. Thus, the use of this new G9a/DNMT reversible dual inhibitor compound may represent an interesting alternative for improving cell reprogramming and human iPSC derivation for many different applications while providing interesting insights into reprogramming mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz
- Cell Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (FP); (JRRM)
| | - Edurne San Jose-Eneriz
- Oncohematology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Obdulia Rabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Natalia Zapata-Linares
- Cell Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Estibaliz Miranda
- Oncohematology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Saray Rodriguez
- Cell Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Angelo Porciuncula
- Cell Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas-Zornoza
- Oncohematology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Garate
- Oncohematology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Victor Segura
- Bioinformatics Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elizabeth Guruceaga
- Bioinformatics Unit, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier Agirre
- Oncohematology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Julen Oyarzabal
- Small Molecule Discovery Platform, Molecular Therapeutics Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prosper
- Cell Therapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Oncohematology Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Hematology and Area of Cell Therapy, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- * E-mail: (FP); (JRRM)
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48
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Abstract
Eighteen previously undescribed alkaloids, tishaviolamines A-J, including eight pairs of enantiomers, together with two known benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, (-)-bicuculline and (-)-corlumine, were isolated from Viola tianschanica. Among them, tishaviolamine A-E were demonstrated to possess three types of unpresented skeletons. The structures of these alkaloids were established by comprehensive analyses of the 1D, 2D-NMR and (+)HRESIMS data. The absolute configurations of enantiomers were determined by comparing their calculated ECD spectra with the experimental ones. The menin-mixed lineage leukemia 1 protein-protein interaction inhibitory effect of the isolated compounds were also measured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Bin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, PR China
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Zone and State Key Laboratory Basis of Xinjiang Indigenous Medicinal Plants Resource Utilization, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, PR China.
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49
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Chen WL, Li DD, Wang ZH, Xu XL, Zhang XJ, Jiang ZY, Guo XK, You QD. Design, synthesis, and initial evaluation of affinity-based small molecular probe for detection of WDR5. Bioorg Chem 2017; 76:380-385. [PMID: 29241110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2017.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Revised: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
WDR5, a subunit of the SET/MLL complex, plays critical roles in various biological progresses and are abnormally expressed in many cancers. Here we report the design, synthesis, and biochemical characterization of a new chemical tool to capture WDR5 protein. The probe is a biotinylated version of compound 30 that is a potent WDR5 inhibitor we previously reported. Importantly, the probe displayed high affinity to WDR5 protein in vitro binding potency and showed the ability in specifically and real time monitoring WDR5 protein. Further, the biotinylated tag of the probe enabled selectively "chemoprecipitation" of WDR5 from whole cell lysates of MV4-11. This probe provided a new approach to identify the overexpressed WDR5 protein in different cancer cells and applications to proteomic analysis of WDR5 and WDR5-binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Dong-Dong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zhi-Hui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Jin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Organic Chemistry, School of Science, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Zheng-Yu Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xiao-Ke Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
| | - Qi-Dong You
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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50
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Ho JC, Abdullah LN, Pang QY, Jha S, Chow EKH, Yang H, Kato H, Poellinger L, Ueda J, Lee KL. Inhibition of the H3K9 methyltransferase G9A attenuates oncogenicity and activates the hypoxia signaling pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188051. [PMID: 29145444 PMCID: PMC5690420 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in the regulation of tumorigenesis, and hypoxia-induced epigenetic changes may be critical for the adaptation of cancer cells to the hypoxic microenvironment of solid tumors. Previously, we showed that loss-of-function of the hypoxia-regulated H3K9 methyltransferase G9A attenuates tumor growth. However, the mechanisms by which blockade of G9A leads to a tumor suppressive effect remain poorly understood. We show that G9A is highly expressed in breast cancer and is associated with poor patient prognosis, where it may function as a potent oncogenic driver. In agreement with this, G9A inhibition by the small molecule inhibitor, BIX-01294, leads to increased cell death and impaired cell migration, cell cycle and anchorage-independent growth. Interestingly, whole transcriptome analysis revealed that genes involved in diverse cancer cell functions become hypoxia-responsive upon G9A inhibition. This was accompanied by the upregulation of the hypoxia inducible factors HIF1α and HIF2α during BIX-01294 treatment even in normoxia that may facilitate the tumor suppressive effects of BIX-01294. HIF inhibition was able to reverse some of the transcriptional changes induced by BIX-01294 in hypoxia, indicating that the HIFs may be important drivers of these derepressed target genes. Therefore, we show that G9A is a key mediator of oncogenic processes in breast cancer cells and G9A inhibition by BIX-01294 can successfully attenuate oncogenicity even in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jolene Caifeng Ho
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Program, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (JCH); (JU); (KLL)
| | - Lissa Nurrul Abdullah
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Program, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing You Pang
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Program, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sudhakar Jha
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Program, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Kai-Hua Chow
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Program, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Henry Yang
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Program, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Hiroyuki Kato
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Program, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lorenz Poellinger
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Program, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jun Ueda
- Center for Advanced Research and Education, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido, Japan
- * E-mail: (JCH); (JU); (KLL)
| | - Kian Leong Lee
- Cancer Stem Cells and Biology Program, Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- * E-mail: (JCH); (JU); (KLL)
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