1
|
Worssam MD, Lambert J, Oc S, Taylor JCK, Taylor AL, Dobnikar L, Chappell J, Harman JL, Figg NL, Finigan A, Foote K, Uryga AK, Bennett MR, Spivakov M, Jørgensen HF. Cellular mechanisms of oligoclonal vascular smooth muscle cell expansion in cardiovascular disease. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:1279-1294. [PMID: 35994249 PMCID: PMC10202649 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvac138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Quiescent, differentiated adult vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) can be induced to proliferate and switch phenotype. Such plasticity underlies blood vessel homeostasis and contributes to vascular disease development. Oligoclonal VSMC contribution is a hallmark of end-stage vascular disease. Here, we aim to understand cellular mechanisms underpinning generation of this VSMC oligoclonality. METHODS AND RESULTS We investigate the dynamics of VSMC clone formation using confocal microscopy and single-cell transcriptomics in VSMC-lineage-traced animal models. We find that activation of medial VSMC proliferation occurs at low frequency after vascular injury and that only a subset of expanding clones migrate, which together drives formation of oligoclonal neointimal lesions. VSMC contribution in small atherosclerotic lesions is typically from one or two clones, similar to observations in mature lesions. Low frequency (<0.1%) of clonal VSMC proliferation is also observed in vitro. Single-cell RNA-sequencing revealed progressive cell state changes across a contiguous VSMC population at onset of injury-induced proliferation. Proliferating VSMCs mapped selectively to one of two distinct trajectories and were associated with cells showing extensive phenotypic switching. A proliferation-associated transitory state shared pronounced similarities with atypical SCA1+ VSMCs from uninjured mouse arteries and VSMCs in healthy human aorta. We show functionally that clonal expansion of SCA1+ VSMCs from healthy arteries occurs at higher rate and frequency compared with SCA1- cells. CONCLUSION Our data suggest that activation of proliferation at low frequency is a general, cell-intrinsic feature of VSMCs. We show that rare VSMCs in healthy arteries display VSMC phenotypic switching akin to that observed in pathological vessel remodelling and that this is a conserved feature of mouse and human healthy arteries. The increased proliferation of modulated VSMCs from healthy arteries suggests that these cells respond more readily to disease-inducing cues and could drive oligoclonal VSMC expansion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matt D Worssam
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Jordi Lambert
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Sebnem Oc
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - James C K Taylor
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Annabel L Taylor
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
- Babraham Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joel Chappell
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Jennifer L Harman
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Nichola L Figg
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Alison Finigan
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Kirsty Foote
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Anna K Uryga
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| | - Mikhail Spivakov
- Functional Gene Control Group, MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, London, UK
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Helle F Jørgensen
- Section of Cardiorespiratory Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Papworth Road, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0BB, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Uryga A, Grootaert M, Garrido A, Oc S, Foote K, Chappell J, Finigan A, Rossiello F, D'Adda Di Fagagna F, Aravani D, Jorgensen H, Bennett M. Telomere damage promotes vascular smooth muscle cell senescence and immune cell recruitment after vessel injury. Atherosclerosis 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2021.06.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
3
|
Garrido AM, Kaistha A, Uryga AK, Oc S, Foote K, Shah A, Finigan A, Figg N, Dobnikar L, Jørgensen H, Bennett M. Efficacy and limitations of senolysis in atherosclerosis. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:1713-1727. [PMID: 34142149 PMCID: PMC9215197 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Traditional markers of cell senescence including p16, Lamin B1, and senescence-associated beta galactosidase (SAβG) suggest very high frequencies of senescent cells in atherosclerosis, while their removal via ‘senolysis’ has been reported to reduce atherogenesis. However, selective killing of a variety of different cell types can exacerbate atherosclerosis. We therefore examined the specificity of senescence markers in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and the effects of genetic or pharmacological senolysis in atherosclerosis. Methods and results We examined traditional senescence markers in human and mouse VSMCs in vitro, and in mouse atherosclerosis. p16 and SAβG increased and Lamin B1 decreased in replicative senescence and stress-induced premature senescence (SIPS) of cultured human VSMCs. In contrast, mouse VSMCs undergoing SIPS showed only modest p16 up-regulation, and proliferating mouse monocyte/macrophages also expressed p16 and SAβG. Single cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of lineage-traced mice showed increased p16 expression in VSMC-derived cells in plaques vs. normal arteries, but p16 localized to Stem cell antigen-1 (Sca1)+ or macrophage-like populations. Activation of a p16-driven suicide gene to remove p16+ vessel wall- and/or bone marrow-derived cells increased apoptotic cells, but also induced inflammation and did not change plaque size or composition. In contrast, the senolytic ABT-263 selectively reduced senescent VSMCs in culture, and markedly reduced atherogenesis. However, ABT-263 did not reduce senescence markers in vivo, and significantly reduced monocyte and platelet counts and interleukin 6 as a marker of systemic inflammation. Conclusions We show that genetic and pharmacological senolysis have variable effects on atherosclerosis, and may promote inflammation and non-specific effects respectively. In addition, traditional markers of cell senescence such as p16 have significant limitations to identify and remove senescent cells in atherosclerosis, suggesting that senescence studies in atherosclerosis and new senolytic drugs require more specific and lineage-restricted markers before ascribing their effects entirely to senolysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna K Uryga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge
| | - Sebnem Oc
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge
| | - Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge
| | - Aarti Shah
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge
| | - Alison Finigan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge
| | - Nichola Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge.,Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge UK
| | - Helle Jørgensen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge
| | - Martin Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Aravani D, Foote K, Figg N, Finigan A, Uryga A, Clarke M, Bennett M. Cytokine regulation of apoptosis-induced apoptosis and apoptosis-induced cell proliferation in vascular smooth muscle cells. Apoptosis 2020; 25:648-662. [PMID: 32627119 PMCID: PMC7527356 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-020-01622-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are the main structural cell of blood vessels, and VSMC apoptosis occurs in vascular disease, after injury, and in vessel remodeling during development. Although VSMC apoptosis is viewed as silent, recent studies show that apoptotic cells can promote apoptosis-induced compensatory proliferation (AICP), apoptosis-induced apoptosis (AIA), and migration of both local somatic and infiltrating inflammatory cells. However, the effects of VSMC apoptosis on adjacent VSMCs, and their underlying signaling and mechanisms are unknown. We examined the consequences of VSMC apoptosis after activating extrinsic and intrinsic death pathways. VSMCs undergoing apoptosis through Fas/CD95 or the protein kinase inhibitor staurosporine transcriptionally activated interleukin 6 (IL-6) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), leading to their secretion. Apoptosis induced activation of p38MAPK, JNK, and Akt, but neither p38 and JNK activation nor IL-6 or GM-CSF induction required caspase cleavage. IL-6 induction depended upon p38 activity, while Fas-induced GM-CSF expression required p38 and JNK. Conditioned media from apoptotic VSMCs induced VSMC apoptosis in vitro, and IL-6 and GM-CSF acted as pro-survival factors for AIA. VSMC apoptosis was studied in vivo using SM22α-DTR mice that express the diphtheria toxin receptor in VSMCs only. DT administration induced VSMC apoptosis and VSMC proliferation, and also signficantly induced IL-6 and GM-CSF. We conclude that VSMC apoptosis activates multiple caspase-independent intracellular signaling cascades, leading to release of soluble cytokines involved in regulation of both cell proliferation and apoptosis. VSMC AICP may ameliorate while AIA may amplify the effects of pro-apoptotic stimuli in vessel remodeling and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dimitra Aravani
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nichola Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alison Finigan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Anna Uryga
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Murray Clarke
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, ACCI, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Box 110, CB2 0QQ, Cambridge, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin R Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Harman JL, Dobnikar L, Chappell J, Stokell BG, Dalby A, Foote K, Finigan A, Freire-Pritchett P, Taylor AL, Worssam MD, Madsen RR, Loche E, Uryga A, Bennett MR, Jørgensen HF. Epigenetic Regulation of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells by Histone H3 Lysine 9 Dimethylation Attenuates Target Gene-Induction by Inflammatory Signaling. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2019; 39:2289-2302. [PMID: 31434493 PMCID: PMC6818986 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.119.312765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular inflammation underlies cardiovascular disease. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) upregulate selective genes, including MMPs (matrix metalloproteinases) and proinflammatory cytokines upon local inflammation, which directly contribute to vascular disease and adverse clinical outcome. Identification of factors controlling VSMC responses to inflammation is therefore of considerable therapeutic importance. Here, we determine the role of Histone H3 lysine 9 di-methylation (H3K9me2), a repressive epigenetic mark that is reduced in atherosclerotic lesions, in regulating the VSMC inflammatory response. Approach and Results: We used VSMC-lineage tracing to reveal reduced H3K9me2 levels in VSMCs of arteries after injury and in atherosclerotic lesions compared with control vessels. Intriguingly, chromatin immunoprecipitation showed H3K9me2 enrichment at a subset of inflammation-responsive gene promoters, including MMP3, MMP9, MMP12, and IL6, in mouse and human VSMCs. Inhibition of G9A/GLP (G9A-like protein), the primary enzymes responsible for H3K9me2, significantly potentiated inflammation-induced gene induction in vitro and in vivo without altering NFκB (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cell) and MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) signaling. Rather, reduced G9A/GLP activity enhanced inflammation-induced binding of transcription factors NFκB-p65 and cJUN to H3K9me2 target gene promoters MMP3 and IL6. Taken together, these results suggest that promoter-associated H3K9me2 directly attenuates the induction of target genes in response to inflammation in human VSMCs. CONCLUSIONS This study implicates H3K9me2 in regulating the proinflammatory VSMC phenotype. Our findings suggest that reduced H3K9me2 in disease enhance binding of NFκB and AP-1 (activator protein-1) transcription factors at specific inflammation-responsive genes to augment proinflammatory stimuli in VSMC. Therefore, H3K9me2-regulation could be targeted clinically to limit expression of MMPs and IL6, which are induced in vascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Harman
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Lina Dobnikar
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
- Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, United Kingdom (L.D., P.F.-P.)
| | - Joel Chappell
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Benjamin G. Stokell
- Statistical Laboratory, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (B.G.S.)
| | - Amanda Dalby
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Kirsty Foote
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Alison Finigan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | | | - Annabel L. Taylor
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Matthew D. Worssam
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Ralitsa R. Madsen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Elena Loche
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Anna Uryga
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Martin R. Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| | - Helle F. Jørgensen
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (J.L.H., L.D., J.C., A.D., K.F., A.F., A.L.T., M.D.W., R.R.M., E.L., A.U., M.R.B., H.F.J.)
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 110 ACCI, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 110 ACCI, Cambridge, UK
| | - Martin Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke’s Hospital, Box 110 ACCI, Cambridge, UK, Corresponding author. Tel: +44 1223 331504; fax: +44 1223 331505, E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Foote K, Reinhold J, Yu EPK, Figg NL, Finigan A, Murphy MP, Bennett MR. Restoring mitochondrial DNA copy number preserves mitochondrial function and delays vascular aging in mice. Aging Cell 2018; 17:e12773. [PMID: 29745022 PMCID: PMC6052475 DOI: 10.1111/acel.12773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/01/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the largest risk factor for cardiovascular disease, yet the molecular mechanisms underlying vascular aging remain unclear. Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage is linked to aging, but whether mtDNA damage or mitochondrial dysfunction is present and directly promotes vascular aging is unknown. Furthermore, mechanistic studies in mice are severely hampered by long study times and lack of sensitive, repeatable and reproducible parameters of arterial aging at standardized early time points. We examined the time course of multiple invasive and noninvasive arterial physiological parameters and structural changes of arterial aging in mice, how aging affects vessel mitochondrial function, and the effects of gain or loss of mitochondrial function on vascular aging. Vascular aging was first detected by 44 weeks (wk) of age, with reduced carotid compliance and distensibility, increased β-stiffness index and increased aortic pulse wave velocity (PWV). Aortic collagen content and elastin breaks also increased at 44 wk. Arterial mtDNA copy number (mtCN) and the mtCN-regulatory proteins TFAM, PGC1α and Twinkle were reduced by 44 wk, associated with reduced mitochondrial respiration. Overexpression of the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle (Tw+ ) increased mtCN and improved mitochondrial respiration in arteries, and delayed physiological and structural aging in all parameters studied. Conversely, mice with defective mitochondrial polymerase-gamma (PolG) and reduced mtDNA integrity demonstrated accelerated vascular aging. Our study identifies multiple early and reproducible parameters for assessing vascular aging in mice. Arterial mitochondrial respiration reduces markedly with age, and reduced mtDNA integrity and mitochondrial function directly promote vascular aging.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Johannes Reinhold
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Emma P. K. Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Nichola L. Figg
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Alison Finigan
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Martin R. Bennett
- Division of Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu H, Fellows A, Foote K, Yang Z, Figg N, Littlewood T, Bennett M. FOXO3a (Forkhead Transcription Factor O Subfamily Member 3a) Links Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis, Matrix Breakdown, Atherosclerosis, and Vascular Remodeling Through a Novel Pathway Involving MMP13 (Matrix Metalloproteinase 13). Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2018; 38:555-565. [PMID: 29326312 PMCID: PMC5828387 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) apoptosis accelerates atherosclerosis and promotes breakdown of the extracellular matrix, but the mechanistic links between these 2 processes are unknown. The forkhead protein FOXO3a (forkhead transcription factor O subfamily member 3a) is activated in human atherosclerosis and induces a range of proapoptotic and other transcriptional targets. We, therefore, determined the mechanisms and consequences of FOXO3a activation in atherosclerosis and arterial remodeling after injury. APPROACH AND RESULTS Expression of a conditional FOXO3a allele (FOXO3aA3ER) potently induced VSMC apoptosis, expression and activation of MMP13 (matrix metalloproteinase 13), and downregulation of endogenous TIMPs (tissue inhibitors of MMPs). mmp13 and mmp2 were direct FOXO3a transcriptional targets in VSMCs. Activation of endogenous FOXO3a also induced MMP13, extracellular matrix degradation, and apoptosis, and MMP13-specific inhibitors and fibronectin reduced FOXO3a-mediated apoptosis. FOXO3a activation in mice with VSMC-restricted FOXO3aA3ER induced MMP13 expression and activity and medial VSMC apoptosis. FOXO3a activation in FOXO3aA3ER/ApoE-/- (apolipoprotein E deficient) mice increased atherosclerosis, increased necrotic core and reduced fibrous cap areas, and induced features of medial degeneration. After carotid artery ligation, FOXO3a activation increased VSMC apoptosis, VSMC proliferation, and neointima formation, all of which were reduced by MMP13 inhibition. CONCLUSIONS FOXO3a activation induces VSMC apoptosis and extracellular matrix breakdown, in part, because of transcriptional activation of MMP13. FOXO3a activation promotes atherosclerosis and medial degeneration and increases neointima after injury that is partly dependent on MMP13. FOXO3a-induced MMP activation represents a direct mechanistic link between VSMC apoptosis and matrix breakdown in vascular disease.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Apoptosis
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/genetics
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/enzymology
- Carotid Artery Injuries/genetics
- Carotid Artery Injuries/pathology
- Cells, Cultured
- Disease Models, Animal
- Extracellular Matrix/enzymology
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
- Fibrosis
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/genetics
- Forkhead Box Protein O3/metabolism
- Humans
- Male
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/genetics
- Matrix Metalloproteinase 13/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred CBA
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Mice, Transgenic
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Mutation
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Necrosis
- Rats, Wistar
- Signal Transduction
- Transcriptional Activation
- Vascular Remodeling
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haixiang Yu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital (H.Y., A.F., K.F., N.F., M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (T.L.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Adam Fellows
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital (H.Y., A.F., K.F., N.F., M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (T.L.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Kirsty Foote
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital (H.Y., A.F., K.F., N.F., M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (T.L.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Zhaoqing Yang
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital (H.Y., A.F., K.F., N.F., M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (T.L.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Nichola Figg
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital (H.Y., A.F., K.F., N.F., M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (T.L.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Trevor Littlewood
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital (H.Y., A.F., K.F., N.F., M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (T.L.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China (Z.Y.)
| | - Martin Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Hospital (H.Y., A.F., K.F., N.F., M.B.) and Department of Biochemistry (T.L.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and Institute of Medical Biology, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China (Z.Y.).
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
McCarroll CS, He W, Foote K, Bradley A, Mcglynn K, Vidler F, Nixon C, Nather K, Fattah C, Riddell A, Bowman P, Elliott EB, Bell M, Hawksby C, MacKenzie SM, Morrison LJ, Terry A, Blyth K, Smith GL, McBride MW, Kubin T, Braun T, Nicklin SA, Cameron ER, Loughrey CM. Runx1 Deficiency Protects Against Adverse Cardiac Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction. Circulation 2018; 137:57-70. [PMID: 29030345 PMCID: PMC5757664 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.117.028911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of heart failure and death worldwide. Preservation of contractile function and protection against adverse changes in ventricular architecture (cardiac remodeling) are key factors to limiting progression of this condition to heart failure. Consequently, new therapeutic targets are urgently required to achieve this aim. Expression of the Runx1 transcription factor is increased in adult cardiomyocytes after MI; however, the functional role of Runx1 in the heart is unknown. METHODS To address this question, we have generated a novel tamoxifen-inducible cardiomyocyte-specific Runx1-deficient mouse. Mice were subjected to MI by means of coronary artery ligation. Cardiac remodeling and contractile function were assessed extensively at the whole-heart, cardiomyocyte, and molecular levels. RESULTS Runx1-deficient mice were protected against adverse cardiac remodeling after MI, maintaining ventricular wall thickness and contractile function. Furthermore, these mice lacked eccentric hypertrophy, and their cardiomyocytes exhibited markedly improved calcium handling. At the mechanistic level, these effects were achieved through increased phosphorylation of phospholamban by protein kinase A and relief of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase inhibition. Enhanced sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity in Runx1-deficient mice increased sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium content and sarcoplasmic reticulum-mediated calcium release, preserving cardiomyocyte contraction after MI. CONCLUSIONS Our data identified Runx1 as a novel therapeutic target with translational potential to counteract the effects of adverse cardiac remodeling, thereby improving survival and quality of life among patients with MI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte S McCarroll
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Weihong He
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Kirsty Foote
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, UK (K.F.)
| | - Ashley Bradley
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Karen Mcglynn
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Francesca Vidler
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Colin Nixon
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK (C.N., K.B.)
| | - Katrin Nather
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Caroline Fattah
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Alexandra Riddell
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Peter Bowman
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Elspeth B Elliott
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | | | - Catherine Hawksby
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Scott M MacKenzie
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Liam J Morrison
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush, Midlothian, UK (L.J.M.)
| | - Anne Terry
- Centre for Virus Research (A.T.), University of Glasgow, Garscube Campus, UK
| | - Karen Blyth
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute, Bearsden, Glasgow, UK (C.N., K.B.)
| | - Godfrey L Smith
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Martin W McBride
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | - Thomas Kubin
- Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.K., T.B.)
| | - Thomas Braun
- Cardiac Development and Remodeling, Max-Planck-Institute for Heart and Lung Research, Bad Nauheim, Germany (T.K., T.B.)
| | - Stuart A Nicklin
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| | | | - Christopher M Loughrey
- Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, University Place, UK (C.S.M., W.H., A.B., K.M., F.V., K.N., C.F., A.R., P.B., E.B.E., C.H., S.M.M., G.L.S., M.W.M., S.A.N., C.M.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Yu EPK, Reinhold J, Yu H, Starks L, Uryga AK, Foote K, Finigan A, Figg N, Pung YF, Logan A, Murphy MP, Bennett M. Mitochondrial Respiration Is Reduced in Atherosclerosis, Promoting Necrotic Core Formation and Reducing Relative Fibrous Cap Thickness. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2017; 37:2322-2332. [PMID: 28970293 PMCID: PMC5701734 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.117.310042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Objective— Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage is present in murine and human atherosclerotic plaques. However, whether endogenous levels of mtDNA damage are sufficient to cause mitochondrial dysfunction and whether decreasing mtDNA damage and improving mitochondrial respiration affects plaque burden or composition are unclear. We examined mitochondrial respiration in human atherosclerotic plaques and whether augmenting mitochondrial respiration affects atherogenesis. Approach and Results— Human atherosclerotic plaques showed marked mitochondrial dysfunction, manifested as reduced mtDNA copy number and oxygen consumption rate in fibrous cap and core regions. Vascular smooth muscle cells derived from plaques showed impaired mitochondrial respiration, reduced complex I expression, and increased mitophagy, which was induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein. Apolipoprotein E–deficient (ApoE−/−) mice showed decreased mtDNA integrity and mitochondrial respiration, associated with increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. To determine whether alleviating mtDNA damage and increasing mitochondrial respiration affects atherogenesis, we studied ApoE−/− mice overexpressing the mitochondrial helicase Twinkle (Tw+/ApoE−/−). Tw+/ApoE−/− mice showed increased mtDNA integrity, copy number, respiratory complex abundance, and respiration. Tw+/ApoE−/− mice had decreased necrotic core and increased fibrous cap areas, and Tw+/ApoE−/− bone marrow transplantation also reduced core areas. Twinkle increased vascular smooth muscle cell mtDNA integrity and respiration. Twinkle also promoted vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and protected both vascular smooth muscle cells and macrophages from oxidative stress–induced apoptosis. Conclusions— Endogenous mtDNA damage in mouse and human atherosclerosis is associated with significantly reduced mitochondrial respiration. Reducing mtDNA damage and increasing mitochondrial respiration decrease necrotic core and increase fibrous cap areas independently of changes in reactive oxygen species and may be a promising therapeutic strategy in atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma P K Yu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.).
| | - Johannes Reinhold
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Haixiang Yu
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Lakshi Starks
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Anna K Uryga
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Kirsty Foote
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Alison Finigan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Nichola Figg
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Yuh-Fen Pung
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Angela Logan
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Michael P Murphy
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.)
| | - Martin Bennett
- From the Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Addenbrooke's Centre for Clinical Investigation, Addenbrooke's Hospital, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (E.P.K.Y., J.R., H.Y., L.S., A.K.U., K.F., A.F., N.F., M.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Nottingham, Malaysia Campus, Selangor, Malaysia (Y.-F.P.); and MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge, United Kingdom (A.L., M.P.M.).
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Foote K, Reinhold J, Figg N, Bennett MR. B Mitochondrial function regulates arterial ageing in mice. Heart 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311726.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
13
|
Foote K, Reinhold J, Figg N, Bennett M. 194 Mitochondrial function regulates arterial ageing in mice. Heart 2017. [DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2017-311726.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
14
|
Chappell J, Harman JL, Narasimhan VM, Yu H, Foote K, Simons BD, Bennett MR, Jørgensen HF. Extensive Proliferation of a Subset of Differentiated, yet Plastic, Medial Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Contributes to Neointimal Formation in Mouse Injury and Atherosclerosis Models. Circ Res 2016; 119:1313-1323. [PMID: 27682618 PMCID: PMC5149073 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.309799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. Rationale: Vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) accumulation is a hallmark of atherosclerosis and vascular injury. However, fundamental aspects of proliferation and the phenotypic changes within individual VSMCs, which underlie vascular disease, remain unresolved. In particular, it is not known whether all VSMCs proliferate and display plasticity or whether individual cells can switch to multiple phenotypes. Objective: To assess whether proliferation and plasticity in disease is a general characteristic of VSMCs or a feature of a subset of cells. Methods and Results: Using multicolor lineage labeling, we demonstrate that VSMCs in injury-induced neointimal lesions and in atherosclerotic plaques are oligoclonal, derived from few expanding cells. Lineage tracing also revealed that the progeny of individual VSMCs contributes to both alpha smooth muscle actin (aSma)–positive fibrous cap and Mac3-expressing macrophage-like plaque core cells. Costaining for phenotypic markers further identified a double-positive aSma+ Mac3+ cell population, which is specific to VSMC-derived plaque cells. In contrast, VSMC-derived cells generating the neointima after vascular injury generally retained the expression of VSMC markers and the upregulation of Mac3 was less pronounced. Monochromatic regions in atherosclerotic plaques and injury-induced neointima did not contain VSMC-derived cells expressing a different fluorescent reporter protein, suggesting that proliferation-independent VSMC migration does not make a major contribution to VSMC accumulation in vascular disease. Conclusions: We demonstrate that extensive proliferation of a low proportion of highly plastic VSMCs results in the observed VSMC accumulation after injury and in atherosclerotic plaques. Therapeutic targeting of these hyperproliferating VSMCs might effectively reduce vascular disease without affecting vascular integrity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joel Chappell
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.L.H., H.Y., K.F., M.R.B., H.F.J.), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics (B.D.S.), The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute (B.D.S.), and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (B.D.S.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.M.N.)
| | - Jennifer L Harman
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.L.H., H.Y., K.F., M.R.B., H.F.J.), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics (B.D.S.), The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute (B.D.S.), and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (B.D.S.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.M.N.)
| | - Vagheesh M Narasimhan
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.L.H., H.Y., K.F., M.R.B., H.F.J.), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics (B.D.S.), The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute (B.D.S.), and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (B.D.S.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.M.N.)
| | - Haixiang Yu
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.L.H., H.Y., K.F., M.R.B., H.F.J.), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics (B.D.S.), The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute (B.D.S.), and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (B.D.S.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.M.N.)
| | - Kirsty Foote
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.L.H., H.Y., K.F., M.R.B., H.F.J.), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics (B.D.S.), The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute (B.D.S.), and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (B.D.S.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.M.N.)
| | - Benjamin D Simons
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.L.H., H.Y., K.F., M.R.B., H.F.J.), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics (B.D.S.), The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute (B.D.S.), and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (B.D.S.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.M.N.)
| | - Martin R Bennett
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.L.H., H.Y., K.F., M.R.B., H.F.J.), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics (B.D.S.), The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute (B.D.S.), and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (B.D.S.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.M.N.)
| | - Helle F Jørgensen
- From the Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Department of Medicine (J.C., J.L.H., H.Y., K.F., M.R.B., H.F.J.), Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics (B.D.S.), The Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute (B.D.S.), and Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute (B.D.S.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom; and The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge, United Kingdom (V.M.N.).
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Davidson SM, Foote K, Kunuthur S, Gosain R, Tan N, Tyser R, Zhao YJ, Graeff R, Ganesan A, Duchen MR, Patel S, Yellon DM. Inhibition of NAADP signalling on reperfusion protects the heart by preventing lethal calcium oscillations via two-pore channel 1 and opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Cardiovasc Res 2015; 108:357-66. [PMID: 26395965 PMCID: PMC4648198 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvv226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims In the heart, a period of ischaemia followed by reperfusion evokes powerful cytosolic Ca2+ oscillations that can cause lethal cell injury. These signals represent attractive cardioprotective targets, but the underlying mechanisms of genesis are ill-defined. Here, we investigated the role of the second messenger nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NAADP), which is known in several cell types to induce Ca2+ oscillations that initiate from acidic stores such as lysosomes, likely via two-pore channels (TPCs, TPC1 and 2). Methods and results An NAADP antagonist called Ned-K was developed by rational design based on a previously existing scaffold. Ned-K suppressed Ca2+ oscillations and dramatically protected cardiomyocytes from cell death in vitro after ischaemia and reoxygenation, preventing opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. Ned-K profoundly decreased infarct size in mice in vivo. Transgenic mice lacking the endo-lysosomal TPC1 were also protected from injury. Conclusion NAADP signalling plays a major role in reperfusion-induced cell death and represents a potent pathway for protection against reperfusion injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sean M Davidson
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Kirsty Foote
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Suma Kunuthur
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Raj Gosain
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK
| | - Noah Tan
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Richard Tyser
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| | - Yong Juan Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing School of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Richard Graeff
- Department of Physiology, Li Ka Shing School of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - A Ganesan
- School of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Michael R Duchen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sandip Patel
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Derek M Yellon
- The Hatter Cardiovascular Institute, University College London, 67 Chenies Mews, WC1E 6HX London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Foote K, Buck S, Neitz J, Neitz M. Psychophysical consequences of L/M cone ratio. J Vis 2013. [DOI: 10.1167/13.15.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
17
|
DeLawyer T, Foote K, Kwong C, Lin T, Short W, Suh E, Buck SL. The effects of luminance surrounds on the perception of the color brown. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.14.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
18
|
Moscovich M, Favilla C, Peng Chen Z, Foote K, Okun M. Factors Predicting Improvement in Essential Head Tremor Following Deep Brain Stimulation (P04.048). Neurology 2012. [DOI: 10.1212/wnl.78.1_meetingabstracts.p04.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
19
|
Grimshaw K, Oliver E, Kemp T, Mills E, Beyer K, Foote K, Roberts G. Maternal Dietary Intake and Subsequent Allergy Development. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
20
|
Thompson A, Peng Z, Pastrana M, Haq I, Okun M, Foote K. 1.234 INTRAOPERATIVE SMILE IN A MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS PATIENT WITH MEDICATION-REFRACTORY TREMOR. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1353-8020(11)70292-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
21
|
Sudhyadhom A, McGregor K, Okun M, Foote K, Trinastic J, Crosson B, Bova F. MO-F-211-01: Delineation of Functional Thalamic Subregions: A Comparison of Probabilistic Diffusion Tractography and Electrophysiology. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
22
|
Foote K, McBride MW, Graham D, Douglas K, Kettlewell S, Smith GL, Dominiczak AF, Loughrey CM. Assessment of Cardiac Function in Chromosome 14 Congenic Strains using Pressure-Volume Measurements. Biophys J 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2010.12.1830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
|
23
|
Sudhyadhom A, Haq I, Foote K, Okun M, Bova F. TH-D-210A-07: Multi-Modal Image Guidance in Neurosurgery: An Approach for Direct Targeting in Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS). Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
24
|
Sudhyadhom A, Haq I, Okun M, Foote K, Bova F. TH-C-M100J-10: Development of Image Guidance Methods for Deep Brain Stimulation. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2761658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
25
|
Funkiewiez A, Ardouin C, Caputo E, Krack P, Fraix V, Klinger H, Chabardes S, Foote K, Benabid AL, Pollak P. Long term effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus stimulation on cognitive function, mood, and behaviour in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2004; 75:834-9. [PMID: 15145995 PMCID: PMC1739075 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2002.009803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 429] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long term effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation on cognition, mood, and behaviour are unknown. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the cognitive, mood, and behavioural effects of bilateral subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN DBS) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) followed up for three years. METHODS A consecutive series of 77 PD patients was assessed before, one, and three years after surgery. Mean (SD) age at surgery was 55 (8). Seven patients died or were lost for follow up. Neuropsychological assessment included a global cognitive scale, memory, and frontal tests. Depression was evaluated using the Beck depression inventory. Assessment of thought disorders and apathy was based on the unified Parkinson's disease rating scale. Reports of the behavioural changes are mainly based on interviews done by the same neuropsychologist at each follow up. RESULTS Only two cognitive variables worsened (category fluency, total score of fluency). Age was a predictor of decline in executive functions. Depression improved whereas apathy and thought disorders worsened. Major behavioural changes were two transient aggressive impulsive episodes, one suicide, four suicide attempts, one permanent apathy, one transient severe depression, four psychoses (one permanent), and five hypomania (one permanent). CONCLUSIONS Comparing baseline, one year, and three year postoperative assessments, STN stimulation did not lead to global cognitive deterioration. Apathy scores mildly increased. Depression scores mildly improved. Behavioural changes were comparatively rare and mostly transient. Single case reports show the major synergistic effects of both medication and stimulation on mood and behaviour, illustrating the importance of a correct postoperative management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Funkiewiez
- Department of Clinical and Biological Neurosciences, Joseph Fourier University, Grenoble, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
|
27
|
Johnson JS, Foote K, McClean M, Cogbill G. Beryllium Exposure Control Program at the Cardiff Atomic Weapons Establishment in the United Kingdom. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001; 16:619-30. [PMID: 11370940 DOI: 10.1080/10473220118634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The Cardiff Atomic Weapons Establishment (AWE) plant, located in Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom, used metallic beryllium in their beryllium facility during the years of operation 1961-1997. The beryllium production processes included melting and casting, powder production, pressing, machining, and heat and surface treatments. As part of Cardiff's industrial hygiene program, extensive area measurements and personal lapel measurements of airborne beryllium concentrations were collected for Cardiff workers over the 36-year period of operation. In addition to extensive air monitoring, the beryllium control program also utilized surface contamination controls, building design, engineering controls, worker controls, material controls, and medical surveillance. The electronic database includes 367,757 area sampling records at 101 locations and 217,681 personal lapel sampling records collected from 194 employees over the period 1981-1997. Similar workplace samples were collected from 1961 to 1980, but they were not analyzed because they were not available electronically. Annual personal mean sampling concentrations for all workers ranged from 0.11 to 0.72 micrograms per cubic meter (microg/m3) with 95th percentiles ranging from 0.22 to 1.89 microg/m3; foundry workers worked in the highest concentration areas with a mean of 0.87 microg/m3 and a 95th percentile of 2.9 microg/m3. Area sampling concentrations, as expected, were lower than personal sampling concentrations. Mean annual area sample concentrations for all locations ranged from 0.02 to 0.32 microg/m3. The area sample 95th percentile concentrations for all years were below 0.5 microg/m3. For the overwhelming majority of samples, airborne beryllium concentrations were below the 2.0 microg/m3 standard. Although blood lymphocyte testing for beryllium sensitization has not been routinely conducted among these workers, this metal beryllium processing facility is the only large scale beryllium facility of its kind to have experienced only one unique a case of clinical chronic beryllium disease (CBD) ascertained by traditional medical monitoring procedures. The treating physician determined that this lung disease was likely caused by a systems reaction resulting from a mound contaminated with beryllium. However, he could not rule out the potential for inhalation exposure. Over the 17 years of measurement data analyzed, on occasion, airborne beryllium concentrations have exceeded 2.0 microg/m3; however, the Cardiff experience demonstrates that strict and consistent adherence to exposure control measures that emphasized airborne and surface levels and appropriate engineering controls, work practices, and use of personal protective equipment appears to have successfully prevented the incidence of clinical CBD with the exception of one unique case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S Johnson
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, California, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Galogavrou M, Foote K. Using a modified nasopharyngeal airway in Pierre Robin syndrome. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2001; 85:F76. [PMID: 11455943 PMCID: PMC1721268 DOI: 10.1136/fn.85.1.f75d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
|
29
|
Abstract
Group B streptococcal infection is a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality in the developed world. Data obtained in our region suggest that the incidence in the UK may be higher than previously reported, and together with the results of a pilot study indicate that preventive strategies based on maternal risk factors alone would prevent less than half the cases of neonatal disease.
Collapse
|
30
|
Affiliation(s)
- R Wheeler
- Wessex Regional Centre for Paediatric Surgery Southampton General Hospital, Southampton SO16 6YD, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Lush MT, Henry SB, Foote K, Jones DL. Developing a generic health status measure for use in a computer-based outcomes infrastructure. Stud Health Technol Inform 1996; 46:229-34. [PMID: 10175403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
This descriptive, correlational study was designed to determine the sensitivity of a generic health status instrument to patient population and to time. The study sample included adult patients undergoing total joint replacement (TJR), adult patients in acute congestive heart failure (CHF), and pediatric patients receiving chemotherapy (PediOnc). A 2 x 3 (population x time) ANOVA for TJR and CHF demonstrated a significant main effect of time (F = 8.0, p = .0006) and a significant interaction effect between time and population (F = 14.4, p < .0001) for functional status. In the PediOnc subsample (HSOD child version), the highest scores for all HSOD factors with the exception of functional status were at Time 3. There was also a significant main effect of time on health care involvement, on the caregiver factor, and the family factor. These results support the sensitivity of the HSOD to patient population and to time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M T Lush
- Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Northern California Region, Oakland 94612, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Stephen EH, Foote K, Hendershot GE, Schoenborn CA. Health of the foreign-born population: United States, 1989-90. Adv Data 1994:1-12. [PMID: 10132138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The health status of immigrants is of vital interest to health policy planners as the number of immigrants in the United States increases. This report has shown that, overall, foreign-born persons had better health than the U.S.-born population, although this health advantage varied by length of residence in the United States. In virtually every measure of health status, and with regard to almost every sociodemographic characteristic, the most recent immigrants were healthier than foreign-born persons who have lived in the United States 10 years or more as well as healthier than the U.S.-born population. Immigrants who had lived in the United States 10 years or longer were generally healthier than U.S.-born adults, although the differences were not as striking as between recent immigrants and the native-born population. These findings may be explained in several ways. First, recent cohorts of immigrants may have been healthier than earlier cohorts of immigrants at the time of immigration. If so, as their duration of residence in the United States increases, they will continue to be significantly healthier than native-born persons. Second, earlier cohorts of immigrants may have been as healthy as recent cohorts at the time of immigration, but their health has deteriorated with increased duration of residence in the United States. This suggests that immigrants had or acquired physical conditions or behaviors that put them at risk in their new environment or that access to health care has been limited. It also suggests that more recent cohorts of immigrants could experience a similar deterioration of health as their duration of residence in the United States increases. Finally, these findings may reflect a combination of these influences or other factors not considered. To understand these patterns will require additional research, including comparative studies of the health of immigrants in the United States with the health of nonmigrants (stayers) in the countries of immigrant origin.
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
From December 1983 to June 1985, 162 infants of less than 32 weeks' gestation or weighing less than 1,500 g, or both, were cared for at the regional neonatal intensive care unit in Leeds. Of the 162, 64 (40%) were born in the unit because their mothers had received antenatal care there, 58 (36%) were born in another hospital and subsequently transferred, and 40 (25%) were transferred in utero because of potential complications. The overall mortalities for each group were 14%, 38%, and 18% respectively. These differences were significant, but when they were corrected for gestation, birth weight, and mode of delivery there was no difference in either the mortality or the incidence of intraventricular haemorrhage in the three study populations. Although there seem to be no distinct advantages of in utero transfer in terms of mortality and morbidity, there are other psychological and emotional advantages.
Collapse
|
34
|
|