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Werbenko E, de Gorter DJJ, Kleimann S, Beckmann D, Waltereit-Kracke V, Reinhardt J, Geers F, Paruzel P, Hansen U, Pap T, Stradal TEB, Dankbar B. Hem1 is essential for ruffled border formation in osteoclasts and efficient bone resorption. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8109. [PMID: 38582757 PMCID: PMC10998871 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58110-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Bone resorption is highly dependent on the dynamic rearrangement of the osteoclast actin cytoskeleton to allow formation of actin rings and a functional ruffled border. Hem1 is a hematopoietic-specific subunit of the WAVE-complex which regulates actin polymerization and is crucial for lamellipodia formation in hematopoietic cell types. However, its role in osteoclast differentiation and function is still unknown. Here, we show that although the absence of Hem1 promotes osteoclastogenesis, the ability of Hem1-/- osteoclasts to degrade bone was severely impaired. Global as well as osteoclast-specific deletion of Hem1 in vivo revealed increased femoral trabecular bone mass despite elevated numbers of osteoclasts in vivo. We found that the resorption defect derived from the morphological distortion of the actin-rich sealing zone and ruffled border deformation in Hem1-deficient osteoclasts leading to impaired vesicle transport and increased intracellular acidification. Collectively, our data identify Hem1 as a yet unknown key player in bone remodeling by regulating ruffled border formation and consequently the resorptive capacity of osteoclasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenie Werbenko
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - David J J de Gorter
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Simon Kleimann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Denise Beckmann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Vanessa Waltereit-Kracke
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Fabienne Geers
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Peter Paruzel
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany
| | - Theresia E B Stradal
- Department of Cell Biology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Berno Dankbar
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, Building D3, 48149, Muenster, Germany.
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Frei M, Berres M, Kivisaari SL, Henzen NA, Monsch AU, Reinhardt J, Blatow M, Kressig RW, Krumm S. Can you find it? Novel oddity detection task for the early detection of Alzheimer's disease. Neuropsychology 2023; 37:717-740. [PMID: 36201797 DOI: 10.1037/neu0000859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We aimed to develop a measure to specifically assess the functioning of the perirhinal cortex (PRC), a brain structure affected very early in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology. In this novel task, participants were shown arrays of six complex figures and had to identify the "odd-one." METHOD The pilot study included 50 normal controls (NCs) and 50 patients in very early stages of AD. Participants completed the task and received MRI scanning. Best differentiating items were determined and applied in a validation study including 25 NCs, 27 early-stage AD patients, and 26 patients with major depression. Logistic regression models investigated if task performance predicted group membership. Task performance was then related to whole-brain gray matter integrity. As proof of concept, cortical thickness values of four regions of interest (ROIs; e.g., medial PRC and entorhinal cortex [ERC]) were compared between the groups. The associations of task performance and cortical thickness of the ROIs were investigated using linear models. RESULTS Task performance showed good discriminative ability between early-stage AD patients and NCs. Whole-brain analyses revealed four significant clusters (p < .001) with peak voxels in parahippocampal regions including PRC and ERC. ROI analyses showed distinctly reduced cortical thickness in the AD group compared to both other groups in the medial PRC and ERC (p ≤ .001). Task performance modeled by ROI cortical thickness did not achieve significant results. CONCLUSION Although further validation is needed, especially with age-matched participant groups, these findings indicate that the task detects early cognitive impairment related to AD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlen Frei
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER
| | - Manfred Berres
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz
| | - Sasa L Kivisaari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science
| | | | | | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel
| | - Maria Blatow
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neurocenter, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, University of Lucerne
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER
| | - Sabine Krumm
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER
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Henzen NA, Reinhardt J, Blatow M, Kressig RW, Krumm S. Excellent Interrater Reliability for Manual Segmentation of the Medial Perirhinal Cortex. Brain Sci 2023; 13:850. [PMID: 37371329 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: Evaluation of interrater reliability for manual segmentation of brain structures that are affected first by neurofibrillary tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Method: Medial perirhinal cortex, lateral perirhinal cortex, and entorhinal cortex were manually segmented by two raters on structural magnetic resonance images of 44 adults (20 men; mean age = 69.2 ± 10.4 years). Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) of cortical thickness and volumes were calculated. Results: Very high ICC values of manual segmentation for the cortical thickness of all regions (0.953-0.986) and consistently lower ICC values for volume estimates of the medial and lateral perirhinal cortex (0.705-0.874). Conclusions: The applied manual segmentation protocol allows different raters to achieve remarkably similar cortical thickness estimates for regions of the parahippocampal gyrus. In addition, the results suggest a preference for cortical thickness over volume as a reliable measure of atrophy, especially for regions affected by collateral sulcus variability (i.e., medial and lateral perirhinal cortex). The results provide a basis for future automated segmentation and collection of normative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A Henzen
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, 4001 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Blatow
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neurocenter, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, University of Lucerne, 6000 Lucerne, Switzerland
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sabine Krumm
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
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Ehninger A, Spehr J, Loff S, Langer A, Riewaldt J, Reinhardt J, Meyer JE, Dietrich J, Jurado G, Lescarbeau R, Cartellieri M. Abstract 4095: Preclinical characterization of switchable allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T cells to support first in human clinical study in CD123-positive hematologic and lymphatic malignancies. Cancer Res 2023. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2023-4095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Approximately 80% of AML patients express CD123 on their leukemic blasts and CD123 is frequently expressed on other hematologic and lymphatic malignancies. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has demonstrated significant efficacy in B cell malignancies. Breakthrough of conventional CAR-T technology in AML has been hampered by expression of suitable target antigens on normal hematopoietic progenitor cells posing a risk for continued aplasia. Thus, innovative approaches putting the power of CAR-T technology under the control of reliable and fast-acting on/off switches to avoid and/or abrogate acute and long-term side effects are required. We have recently reported clinical proof-of-concept for autologous switchable CAR-T cell therapy in AML (Wermke et al. Blood 2021). However, manufacturing of autologous products is very costly and rrAML patients are often in urgent need for a product and multiple prior lines of treatment may be detrimental for product quality. While current clinical allogeneic approaches successfully prevent graft-versus-host disease, observed persistence has been limited due to rejection of the grafted T cells by host immune cells. Here, we report preclinical development of a donor-derived allogeneic switchable CAR-T therapy for CD123-positive hematologic and lymphatic malignancies (AVC-201). The reverse universal chimeric antigen receptor platform (RevCAR) is a 2-component CAR-T platform. The first component is a universal CAR-T cell. Its binding domain is a short, non-immunogenic peptide that by itself does not recognize any human cell surface antigen but is specifically bound by an scFv included in the second component, a soluble adaptor called targeting module (TM). To target CD123, a TM with a short half-life was selected (R-TM123), enabling a rapid switch-off of the RevCAR system by TM withdrawal to avoid acute and long-term toxicity usually associated with continuous activation of CAR-T cells. The allogeneic cells are generated by three edits with CRISPR-Cas9, which is meant to fully overcome graft-versus-host disease as well as graft rejection by host T and NK cells. Therefore, we expect a persistent T cell product that can be re-expanded with additional TM cycles. A summary of preclinical characterization of AVC-201 will be presented at the meeting including in vitro and in vivo pharmacology and toxicology experiments. Activation of Allo-RevCAR-T cells is strictly dependent on the presence of CD123-positive target cells and R-TM123. Allo-RevCAR-T cells redirected by R-TM123 efficiently lyse CD123-positive AML cells in vitro and in vivo, and in vitro EC50 values are in the low picomolar range of R-TM123 concentrations. In conclusion, preclinical data support the clinical exploration of AVC-201 in a first in human study.
Citation Format: Armin Ehninger, Johannes Spehr, Simon Loff, Anika Langer, Julia Riewaldt, Julia Reinhardt, Jan-Erik Meyer, Josephine Dietrich, Gabriel Jurado, Reynald Lescarbeau, Marc Cartellieri. Preclinical characterization of switchable allogeneic chimeric antigen receptor T cells to support first in human clinical study in CD123-positive hematologic and lymphatic malignancies. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4095.
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Benner J, Reinhardt J, Christiner M, Wengenroth M, Stippich C, Schneider P, Blatow M. Temporal hierarchy of cortical responses reflects core-belt-parabelt organization of auditory cortex in musicians. Cereb Cortex 2023:7030622. [PMID: 36786655 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhad020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Human auditory cortex (AC) organization resembles the core-belt-parabelt organization in nonhuman primates. Previous studies assessed mostly spatial characteristics; however, temporal aspects were little considered so far. We employed co-registration of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and magnetoencephalography (MEG) in musicians with and without absolute pitch (AP) to achieve spatial and temporal segregation of human auditory responses. First, individual fMRI activations induced by complex harmonic tones were consistently identified in four distinct regions-of-interest within AC, namely in medial Heschl's gyrus (HG), lateral HG, anterior superior temporal gyrus (STG), and planum temporale (PT). Second, we analyzed the temporal dynamics of individual MEG responses at the location of corresponding fMRI activations. In the AP group, the auditory evoked P2 onset occurred ~25 ms earlier in the right as compared with the left PT and ~15 ms earlier in the right as compared with the left anterior STG. This effect was consistent at the individual level and correlated with AP proficiency. Based on the combined application of MEG and fMRI measurements, we were able for the first time to demonstrate a characteristic temporal hierarchy ("chronotopy") of human auditory regions in relation to specific auditory abilities, reflecting the prediction for serial processing from nonhuman studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benner
- Department of Neuroradiology and Section of Biomagnetism, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel (CRIB), University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Christiner
- Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Musicology, Vitols Jazeps Latvian Academy of Music, Riga, Latvia
| | - Martina Wengenroth
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christoph Stippich
- Department of Neuroradiology and Radiology, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Peter Schneider
- Department of Neuroradiology and Section of Biomagnetism, University of Heidelberg Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Department of Musicology, Vitols Jazeps Latvian Academy of Music, Riga, Latvia
| | - Maria Blatow
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neurocenter, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Bilici M, Reinhardt J, Morgenstern M, Müller AM, Rikli D. Outcome oriented clinical research and quality measurement in fracture care. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac187.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objective
The paradigm shift according to the principles of Value-Based Healthcare is receiving growing attention. In Orthopedic Trauma care, there are no defined standards to provide an incentive system to recompensate for quality instead of quantity. The definitions of quality from the patient's view have to be validated and included in the reimbursement cycle. In our Department, we now have fully standardized and structured documentation and outcome measurement workflow from the clinical point of view.
Methods
We set up a Fracture Registry with a REDCap® Database to document every patient with surgical treatment. Included are all surgically treated fractures of the extremities, excluding the hand. Furthermore pelvic, acetabular, and periprosthetic fractures, joint dislocations, and tendon ruptures. With interfaces to our Clinical Documentation Systems, the administrative effort became very efficient. The interfaces provide a possibility to identify every patient with inclusion criteria and implement reminder feedback for Surgeons. We collect PROMs with the heartbeat-Software, and document CROMs with REDCap®. We merged these data using the software ‘R’. The documentation of each patient is completed with a database for Adverse Events.
Results
Data-entry rates were less than 50% in 2018 and have reached 99.1% for 2020 and 99.5% for 2021 for surgically treated fracture patients. Until the submission of this abstract, 2382 surgical procedures have been performed at our Department on 2073 hospitalized patients. 972 patients were included in the Fracture Registry (47%). In a feasibility study, we have merged clinical data with the PROMs of patients treated for distal radius (DR) and proximal humerus (PH) fractures. The baseline values for DR of the quality-of-life questionnaire EQ5D was 0.83 (n=144), after 3months 0.9 (n=58) and 0.97 one year after treatment (n=6). Although not more than a trend, we realized the same pattern for PH-patients with an EQ5D-Baseline of 0.75 (n=63), three months values of 0.75 (n=58), and one-year results of 0.87 (n=6).
Conclusion
Collecting structured data allows combining routine clinical data with PROMs and CROMs. This information is of inestimable value to define the quality of care for Orthopedic Trauma Surgery. Our combination of Databases to collect diagnosis, subjective and objective outcome measures has been proven feasible and showed high data quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bilici
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Reinhardt
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - M Morgenstern
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - A M Müller
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
| | - D Rikli
- Department for Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Basel , Basel, Switzerland
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Reinhardt J, Dankbar B, Geers F, Paruzel P, Dienstbier M, Werbenko E, Pap T, Wehmeyer C. Pharmacological inhibition of myostatin effectively ameliorates bone lesions and osteoclast formation in a 4T1 mouse mammary tumor bone metastasis model. Bone Rep 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bonr.2022.101377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
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Waltereit-Kracke V, Wehmeyer C, Beckmann D, Werbenko E, Reinhardt J, Geers F, Dienstbier M, Fennen M, Intemann J, Paruzel P, Korb-Pap A, Pap T, Dankbar B. Deletion of activin A in mesenchymal but not myeloid cells ameliorates disease severity in experimental arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 2022; 81:1106-1118. [PMID: 35418478 PMCID: PMC9279851 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Objective The aim of this study was to assess the extent and the mechanism by which activin A contributes to progressive joint destruction in experimental arthritis and which activin A-expressing cell type is important for disease progression. Methods Levels of activin A in synovial tissues were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, cell-specific expression and secretion by PCR and ELISA, respectively. Osteoclast (OC) formation was assessed by tartrat-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and activity by resorption assay. Quantitative assessment of joint inflammation and bone destruction was performed by histological and micro-CT analysis. Immunoblotting was applied for evaluation of signalling pathways. Results In this study, we demonstrate that fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) are the main producers of activin A in arthritic joints. Most significantly, we show for the first time that deficiency of activin A in arthritic FLS (ActβAd/d ColVI-Cre) but not in myeloid cells (ActβAd/d LysM-Cre) reduces OC development in vitro, indicating that activin A promotes osteoclastogenesis in a paracrine manner. Mechanistically, activin A enhanced OC formation and activity by promoting the interaction of activated Smad2 with NFATc1, the key transcription factor of osteoclastogenesis. Consistently, ActβAd/d LysM-Cre hTNFtg mice did not show reduced disease severity, whereas deficiency of activin A in ColVI-Cre-expressing cells such as FLS highly diminished joint destruction reflected by less inflammation and less bone destruction. Conclusions The results highly suggest that FLS-derived activin A plays a crucial paracrine role in inflammatory joint destruction and may be a promising target for treating inflammatory disorders associated with OC formation and bone destruction like rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Waltereit-Kracke
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Corinna Wehmeyer
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Denise Beckmann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Eugenie Werbenko
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Fabienne Geers
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Mike Dienstbier
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Michelle Fennen
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Johanna Intemann
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Peter Paruzel
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Adelheid Korb-Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pap
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
| | - Berno Dankbar
- Institute of Musculoskeletal Medicine, University Hospital Muenster, Muenster, Nordrhein-Westfalen, Germany
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Rus-Oswald OG, Benner J, Reinhardt J, Bürki C, Christiner M, Hofmann E, Schneider P, Stippich C, Kressig RW, Blatow M. Musicianship-Related Structural and Functional Cortical Features Are Preserved in Elderly Musicians. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:807971. [PMID: 35401149 PMCID: PMC8990841 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.807971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Professional musicians are a model population for exploring basic auditory function, sensorimotor and multisensory integration, and training-induced neuroplasticity. The brain of musicians exhibits distinct structural and functional cortical features; however, little is known about how these features evolve during aging. This multiparametric study aimed to examine the functional and structural neural correlates of lifelong musical practice in elderly professional musicians. Methods Sixteen young musicians, 16 elderly musicians (age >70), and 15 elderly non-musicians participated in the study. We assessed gray matter metrics at the whole-brain and region of interest (ROI) levels using high-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with the Freesurfer automatic segmentation and reconstruction pipeline. We used BrainVoyager semiautomated segmentation to explore individual auditory cortex morphotypes. Furthermore, we evaluated functional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) activations in auditory and non-auditory regions by functional MRI (fMRI) with an attentive tone-listening task. Finally, we performed discriminant function analyses based on structural and functional ROIs. Results A general reduction of gray matter metrics distinguished the elderly from the young subjects at the whole-brain level, corresponding to widespread natural brain atrophy. Age- and musicianship-dependent structural correlations revealed group-specific differences in several clusters including superior, middle, and inferior frontal as well as perirolandic areas. In addition, the elderly musicians exhibited increased gyrification of auditory cortex like the young musicians. During fMRI, the elderly non-musicians activated predominantly auditory regions, whereas the elderly musicians co-activated a much broader network of auditory association areas, primary and secondary motor areas, and prefrontal and parietal regions like, albeit weaker, the young musicians. Also, group-specific age- and musicianship-dependent functional correlations were observed in the frontal and parietal regions. Moreover, discriminant function analysis could separate groups with high accuracy based on a set of specific structural and functional, mainly temporal and occipital, ROIs. Conclusion In conclusion, despite naturally occurring senescence, the elderly musicians maintained musicianship-specific structural and functional cortical features. The identified structural and functional brain regions, discriminating elderly musicians from non-musicians, might be of relevance for the aging musicians’ brain. To what extent lifelong musical activity may have a neuroprotective impact needs to be addressed further in larger longitudinal studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana G. Rus-Oswald
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Oana G. Rus-Oswald,
| | - Jan Benner
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Jan Benner,
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Research Institute Basel, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline Bürki
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Markus Christiner
- Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Vitols Jazeps Latvian Academy of Music, Riga, Latvia
| | - Elke Hofmann
- Academy of Music, University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland (FHNW), Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schneider
- Department of Neuroradiology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Centre for Systematic Musicology, University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Vitols Jazeps Latvian Academy of Music, Riga, Latvia
| | - Christoph Stippich
- Department of Neuroradiology and Radiology, Kliniken Schmieder, Allensbach, Germany
| | - Reto W. Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Blatow
- Section of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Neurocenter, Cantonal Hospital Lucerne, University of Lucerne, Lucerne, Switzerland
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Reinhardt J, Sharma V, Stavridou A, Lindner A, Reinhardt S, Petzold A, Lesche M, Rost F, Bonifacio E, Eugster A. Distinguishing activated T regulatory cell and T conventional cells by single cell technologies. Immunology 2022; 166:121-137. [PMID: 35196398 PMCID: PMC9426617 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Resting conventional T cells (Tconv) can be distinguished from T regulatory cells (Treg) by the canonical markers FOXP3, CD25 and CD127. However, the expression of these proteins alters after T‐cell activation leading to overlap between Tconv and Treg. The objective of this study was to distinguish resting and antigen‐responsive T effector (Tconv) and Treg using single‐cell technologies. CD4+ Treg and Tconv cells were stimulated with antigen and responsive and non‐responsive populations processed for targeted and non‐targeted single‐cell RNAseq. Machine learning was used to generate a limited set of genes that could distinguish responding and non‐responding Treg and Tconv cells and which was used for single‐cell multiplex qPCR and to design a flow cytometry panel. Targeted scRNAseq clearly distinguished the four‐cell populations. A minimal set of 27 genes was identified by machine learning algorithms to provide discrimination of the four populations at >95% accuracy. In all, 15 of the genes were validated to be differentially expressed by single‐cell multiplex qPCR. Discrimination of responding Treg from responding Tconv could be achieved by a flow cytometry strategy that included staining for CD25, CD127, FOXP3, IKZF2, ITGA4, and the novel marker TRIM which was strongly expressed in Tconv and weakly expressed in both responding and non‐responding Treg. A minimal set of genes was identified that discriminates responding and non‐responding CD4+ Treg and Tconv cells and, which have identified TRIM as a marker to distinguish Treg by flow cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reinhardt
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Virag Sharma
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Antigoni Stavridou
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Lindner
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Reinhardt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Andreas Petzold
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mathias Lesche
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Molecular and Cellular Bioengineering (CMCB), DRESDEN-concept Genome Center, Dresden, Germany
| | - Fabian Rost
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,Center for Information Services and High-Performance Computing (ZIH), TU Dresden, Dresden, 01062, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of Helmholtz Centre Munich at University Clinic Carl Gustav Carus of TU, Faculty of Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Eugster
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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11
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Henzen NA, Reinhardt J, Blatow M, Kressig RW, Krumm S. Very high interrater reliability for manual segmentation of the medial perirhinal cortex. Alzheimers Dement 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/alz.052922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas A. Henzen
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter Basel Switzerland
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Maria Blatow
- Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Reto W. Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter Basel Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Sabine Krumm
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter Basel Switzerland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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12
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Ludwig KU, Schmithausen RM, Li D, Jacobs ML, Hollstein R, Blumenstock K, Liebing J, Słabicki M, Ben-Shmuel A, Israeli O, Weiss S, Ebert TS, Paran N, Rüdiger W, Wilbring G, Feldman D, Lippke B, Ishorst N, Hochfeld LM, Beins EC, Kaltheuner IH, Schmitz M, Wöhler A, Döhla M, Sib E, Jentzsch M, Borrajo JD, Strecker J, Reinhardt J, Cleary B, Geyer M, Hölzel M, Macrae R, Nöthen MM, Hoffmann P, Exner M, Regev A, Zhang F, Schmid-Burgk JL. LAMP-Seq enables sensitive, multiplexed COVID-19 diagnostics using molecular barcoding. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:1556-1562. [PMID: 34188222 PMCID: PMC8678193 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00966-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Frequent testing of large population groups combined with contact tracing and isolation measures will be crucial for containing Coronavirus Disease 2019 outbreaks. Here we present LAMP-Seq, a modified, highly scalable reverse transcription loop-mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP) method. Unpurified biosamples are barcoded and amplified in a single heat step, and pooled products are analyzed en masse by sequencing. Using commercial reagents, LAMP-Seq has a limit of detection of ~2.2 molecules per µl at 95% confidence and near-perfect specificity for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 given its sequence readout. Clinical validation of an open-source protocol with 676 swab samples, 98 of which were deemed positive by standard RT-qPCR, demonstrated 100% sensitivity in individuals with cycle threshold values of up to 33 and a specificity of 99.7%, at a very low material cost. With a time-to-result of fewer than 24 h, low cost and little new infrastructure requirement, LAMP-Seq can be readily deployed for frequent testing as part of an integrated public health surveillance program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin U. Ludwig
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ricarda M. Schmithausen
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - David Li
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Max L. Jacobs
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany,Center for Molecular Biology of Heidelberg University (ZMBH), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ronja Hollstein
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katja Blumenstock
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jana Liebing
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Mikołaj Słabicki
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.,Division of Translational Medical Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Amir Ben-Shmuel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Ofir Israeli
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Shay Weiss
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Thomas S. Ebert
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nir Paran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Israel Institute for Biological Research, Ness Ziona, Israel
| | - Wibke Rüdiger
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Gero Wilbring
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - David Feldman
- Department of Biochemistry and Institute for Protein Design, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Bärbel Lippke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nina Ishorst
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Institute of Anatomy, Division of Neuroanatomy, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Lara M. Hochfeld
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Eva C. Beins
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Ines H. Kaltheuner
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Maximilian Schmitz
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aliona Wöhler
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Manuel Döhla
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Department of Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Bundeswehr Central Hospital Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Esther Sib
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marius Jentzsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jacob D. Borrajo
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan Strecker
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Brian Cleary
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Matthias Geyer
- Institute of Structural Biology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Rhiannon Macrae
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Exner
- Institute of Hygiene and Public Health, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Aviv Regev
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Klarman Cell Observatory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Current address: Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jonathan L. Schmid-Burgk
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.,Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn and University Hospital Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany,Correspondence to:
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13
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Liebermann SC, Blenckner K, Diehl JH, Feilke J, Frei C, Grikscheit S, Hünsch S, Kohring K, Lay J, Lorenzen G, Reinhardt J. Abrupt Implementation of Telework in the Public Sector During the COVID-19 Crisis. Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 2021. [DOI: 10.1026/0932-4089/a000367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Abstract. Lockdown regulations during the COVID-19 outbreak resulted in abrupt changes to work situations and presented new leadership challenges. This short report explores how leaders perceived their options for leading transformationally when their teams were forced to rapidly switch to virtual collaboration. We interviewed 20 supervisors using semistructured telephone interviews who described their general leadership behavior before the lockdown and the evaluated possibilities and difficulties of leading transformationally during the lockdown. The article provides insights into the preconditions for transformational leadership in the public sector during change processes. High workload, time pressure, and role conflicts, combined with restricted freedom of action, restrained their options of transformational leadership. Communicative problems further hindered the transfer of transformational leadership behavior to new working arrangements during the Covid-19-crisis. The article derives implications for ways of helping managers to employ the potentials of transformational leadership in virtual settings and during change processes in the public sector.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katharina Blenckner
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
| | - Jan-Hendrik Diehl
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
| | - Joschka Feilke
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
| | - Christina Frei
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
| | - Sophie Grikscheit
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
| | - Swantje Hünsch
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
| | - Kristin Kohring
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
| | - Joya Lay
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
| | - Gotje Lorenzen
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Fachbereich Wirtschaft, Westküsteninstitut für Personalmanagement, Fachhochschule Westküste, Heide, Germany
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14
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Krumm S, Berres M, Kivisaari SL, Monsch AU, Reinhardt J, Blatow M, Kressig RW, Taylor KI. Cats and Apples: Semantic Fluency Performance for Living Things Identifies Patients with Very Early Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2021; 36:838-843. [PMID: 33237317 PMCID: PMC8292926 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acaa109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: Reduced semantic memory performance is a known neuropsychological marker of very early Alzheimer’s disease (AD), but the task format that best predicts disease status is an open question. The present study aimed to identify the semantic fluency task and measure that best discriminates early-stage AD patients (PATs) from cognitively healthy controls. Method: Semantic fluency performance for animals, fruits, tools, and vehicles was assessed in 70 early-stage AD PATs and 67 cognitively healthy participants. Logistic regressions and receiver operating characteristics were calculated for five total score semantic fluency measures. Results: Compared with all other measures, living things (i.e., total correct animals + total correct fruits) achieved highest z-statistics, highest area under the curve and smallest difference between the upper and lower 95% confidence intervals. Conclusion: Living things total correct is a powerful tool to detect the earliest signs of incipient AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Krumm
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Berres
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Remagen, Germany
| | - Sasa L Kivisaari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, Aalto, Finland
| | - Andreas U Monsch
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Blatow
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto W Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine FELIX PLATTER, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten I Taylor
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Biomarkers and Translational Technology, Neuroscience and Rare Diseases (NRD), Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Basel, Switzerland
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15
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Seier JA, Reinhardt J, Saraf K, Ng SS, Layer JP, Corvino D, Althoff K, Giordano FA, Schramm A, Fischer M, Hölzel M. Druggable epigenetic suppression of interferon-induced chemokine expression linked to MYCN amplification in neuroblastoma. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:e001335. [PMID: 34016720 PMCID: PMC8141444 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2020-001335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Amplification of the MYCN oncogene is a molecular hallmark of aggressive neuroblastoma (NB), a childhood cancer of the sympathetic nervous system. There is evidence that MYCN promotes a non-inflamed and T-cell infiltration-poor ('cold') tumor microenvironment (TME) by suppressing interferon signaling. This may explain, at least in part, why patients with NB seem to have little benefit from single-agent immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. Targeting MYCN or its effectors could be a strategy to convert a cold TME into a 'hot' (inflamed) TME and improve the efficacy of ICB therapy. METHODS NB transcriptome analyses were used to identify epigenetic drivers of a T-cell infiltration-poor TME. Biological and molecular responses of NB cells to epigenetic drugs and interferon (IFN)-γ exposure were assessed by proliferation assays, immunoblotting, ELISA, qRT-PCR, RNA-seq and ChIP-qPCR as well as co-culture assays with T cells. RESULTS We identified H3K9 euchromatic histone-lysine methyltransferases EHMT2 and EHMT1, also known as G9a and GLP, as epigenetic effectors of the MYCN-driven malignant phenotype and repressors of IFN-γ transcriptional responses in NB cells. EHMT inhibitors enhanced IFN-γ-induced expression of the Th1-type chemokines CXCL9 and CXCL10, key factors of T-cell recruitment into the TME. In MYCN-amplified NB cells, co-inhibition of EZH2 (enhancer of zeste homologue 2), a H3K27 histone methyltransferase cooperating with EHMTs, was needed for strong transcriptional responses to IFN-γ, in line with histone mark changes at CXCL9 and CXCL10 chemokine gene loci. EHMT and EZH2 inhibitor response gene signatures from NB cells were established as surrogate measures and revealed high EHMT and EZH2 activity in MYCN-amplified high-risk NBs with a cold immune phenotype. CONCLUSION Our results delineate a strategy for targeted epigenetic immunomodulation of high-risk NBs, whereby EHMT inhibitors alone or in combination with EZH2 inhibitors (in particular, MYCN-amplified NBs) could promote a T-cell-infiltrated TME via enhanced Th1-type chemokine expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna A Seier
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kritika Saraf
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanna S Ng
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julian P Layer
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dillon Corvino
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kristina Althoff
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Frank A Giordano
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Alexander Schramm
- Department of Medical Oncology, West German Cancer Center, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Fischer
- Department of Experimental Pediatric Oncology, University Children's Hospital of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), Medical Faculty, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Institute of Experimental Oncology, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
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16
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Assfalg R, Knoop J, Hoffman KL, Pfirrmann M, Zapardiel-Gonzalo JM, Hofelich A, Eugster A, Weigelt M, Matzke C, Reinhardt J, Fuchs Y, Bunk M, Weiss A, Hippich M, Halfter K, Hauck SM, Hasford J, Petrosino JF, Achenbach P, Bonifacio E, Ziegler AG. Oral insulin immunotherapy in children at risk for type 1 diabetes in a randomised controlled trial. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1079-1092. [PMID: 33515070 PMCID: PMC8012335 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-020-05376-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Oral administration of antigen can induce immunological tolerance. Insulin is a key autoantigen in childhood type 1 diabetes. Here, oral insulin was given as antigen-specific immunotherapy before the onset of autoimmunity in children from age 6 months to assess its safety and immune response actions on immunity and the gut microbiome. METHODS A phase I/II randomised controlled trial was performed in a single clinical study centre in Germany. Participants were 44 islet autoantibody-negative children aged 6 months to 2.99 years who had a first-degree relative with type 1 diabetes and a susceptible HLA DR4-DQ8-containing genotype. Children were randomised 1:1 to daily oral insulin (7.5 mg with dose escalation to 67.5 mg) or placebo for 12 months using a web-based computer system. The primary outcome was immune efficacy pre-specified as induction of antibody or T cell responses to insulin and measured in a central treatment-blinded laboratory. RESULTS Randomisation was performed in 44 children. One child in the placebo group was withdrawn after the first study visit and data from 22 insulin-treated and 21 placebo-treated children were analysed. Oral insulin was well tolerated with no changes in metabolic variables. Immune responses to insulin were observed in children who received both insulin (54.5%) and placebo (66.7%), and the trial did not demonstrate an effect on its primary outcome (p = 0.54). In exploratory analyses, there was preliminary evidence that the immune response and gut microbiome were modified by the INS genotype Among children with the type 1 diabetes-susceptible INS genotype (n = 22), antibody responses to insulin were more frequent in insulin-treated (72.7%) as compared with placebo-treated children (18.2%; p = 0.03). T cell responses to insulin were modified by treatment-independent inflammatory episodes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The study demonstrated that oral insulin immunotherapy in young genetically at-risk children was safe, but was not associated with an immune response as predefined in the trial primary outcome. Exploratory analyses suggested that antibody responses to oral insulin may occur in children with a susceptible INS genotype, and that inflammatory episodes may promote the activation of insulin-responsive T cells. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02547519 FUNDING: The main funding source was the German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD e.V.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Assfalg
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University Munich, at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Knoop
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kristi L Hoffman
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Markus Pfirrmann
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jose Maria Zapardiel-Gonzalo
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anna Hofelich
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University Munich, at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Anne Eugster
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marc Weigelt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Matzke
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Yannick Fuchs
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Melanie Bunk
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Markus Hippich
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Halfter
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jörg Hasford
- Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph F Petrosino
- Alkek Center for Metagenomics and Microbiome Research, Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Peter Achenbach
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University Munich, at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Paul Langerhans Institute Dresden of the Helmholtz Center Munich at University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus and Faculty of Medicine, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anette-Gabriele Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich-Neuherberg, Germany.
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Technical University Munich, at Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Munich, Germany.
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Helmich I, Voelk M, Coenen J, Xu L, Reinhardt J, Mueller S, Schepmann J, Lausberg H. Hemispheric specialization for nonverbal gestures depicting motion and space. Brain Cogn 2021; 151:105736. [PMID: 33906119 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2021.105736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The right hemispheric specialisation for mental rotation suggests a left hand preference for nonverbal gestures that depict spatial information. We therefore hypothesized that nonverbal depictions of spatial information are preferentially demonstrated by the left hand, i.e., are grounded in right hemispheric functions. METHODS Right-handed participants were asked in two experiments to nonverbally demonstrate how to move tachistoscopically presented (in the left or right visual hemifields) geometric objects of different rotations into an identical final position. Two independent blind raters evaluated the videotaped hand gestures employing the Neuropsychological Gesture (NEUROGES) Coding System. RESULTS Pantomime gestures increase in order to rotate gravitationally unstable objects whereas spatial relation presentation gestures increase when to nonverbally demonstrate a gravitationally stable object. Individuals preferred the right hand for pantomime gestures but the left hand for spatial relation presentation gestures. DISCUSSION Individuals increase their pantomime gestures to nonverbally depict motion particularly with the right hand, i.e. the left hemisphere. In contrast, increased left hand spatial relation presentations gestures indicate that those gestures are of right hemispheric origin. Thus, the hemispherical lateralization of nonverbal gestures seems to depend on the hands' functional depiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Helmich
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, German Sport University (GSU), Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - M Voelk
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, German Sport University (GSU), Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - J Coenen
- Department of Sport and Health, Institute of Sport Medicine, Paderborn University, Warburger Str. 100, 33098 Paderborn, Germany.
| | - L Xu
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, German Sport University (GSU), Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - J Reinhardt
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, German Sport University (GSU), Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany
| | - S Mueller
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, German Sport University (GSU), Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - J Schepmann
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, German Sport University (GSU), Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
| | - H Lausberg
- Department of Neurology, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychiatry, German Sport University (GSU), Am Sportpark Muengersdorf 6, 50933 Cologne, Germany.
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Canter B, Burack O, Reinhardt J, Mak W, Weerahandi H, Canter B, Boockvar K. Goals of Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implementing DNI, DNR, and DNH Orders in a Skilled Nursing Facility. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2021; 22:B21. [PMID: 34287168 PMCID: PMC7902239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2021.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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19
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Pushie M, Hollings A, Reinhardt J, Webb S, Lam V, Takechi R, Mamo J, Paterson P, Kelly M, George G, Pickering I, Hackett M. Sample preparation with sucrose cryoprotection dramatically alters Zn distribution in the rodent hippocampus, as revealed by elemental mapping. J Anal At Spectrom 2020; 35:2498-2508. [PMID: 33795908 PMCID: PMC8009441 DOI: 10.1039/d0ja00323a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Transition metal ions (Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn) are essential for healthy brain function, but altered concentration, distribution, or chemical form of the metal ions has been implicated in numerous brain pathologies. Currently, it is not possible to image the cellular or sub-cellular distribution of metal ions in vivo and therefore, studying brain-metal homeostasis largely relies on ex vivo in situ elemental mapping. Sample preparation methods that accurately preserve the in vivo elemental distribution are essential if one wishes to translate the knowledge of elemental distributions measured ex vivo toward increased understanding of chemical and physiological pathways of brain disease. The choice of sample preparation is particularly important for metal ions that exist in a labile or mobile form, for which the in vivo distribution could be easily distorted by inappropriate sample preparation. One of the most widely studied brain structures, the hippocampus, contains a large pool of labile and mobile Zn. Herein, we describe how sucrose cryoprotection, the gold standard method of preparing tissues for immuno-histochemistry or immuno-fluorescence, which is also often used as a sample preparation method for elemental mapping studies, drastically alters hippocampal Zn distribution. Based on the results of this study, in combination with a comparison against the strong body of published literature that has used either rapid plunge freezing of brain tissue, or sucrose cryo-protection, we strongly urge investigators in the future to cease using sucrose cryoprotection as a method of sample preparation for elemental mapping, especially if Zn is an analyte of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- M.J. Pushie
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - A. Hollings
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AUS
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, AUS
| | - J. Reinhardt
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, 800 Blackburn Road, Clayton, VIC, AUS 3168
| | - S.M. Webb
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California, USA 94025
| | - V. Lam
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AUS
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - R Takechi
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AUS
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - J.C. Mamo
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AUS
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, WA, Australia
| | - P.G. Paterson
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Rd, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - M.E. Kelly
- Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada
| | - G.N. George
- School Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - I.J. Pickering
- School Molecular and Environmental Sciences Group, Geological Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 114 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5C9, Canada
| | - M.J. Hackett
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, AUS
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, AUS
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20
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Reinhardt J, Rus-Oswald OG, Bürki CN, Bridenbaugh SA, Krumm S, Michels L, Stippich C, Kressig RW, Blatow M. Neural Correlates of Stepping in Healthy Elderly: Parietal and Prefrontal Cortex Activation Reflects Cognitive-Motor Interference Effects. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:566735. [PMID: 33132879 PMCID: PMC7550687 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.566735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reinhardt
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Julia Reinhardt,
| | - Oana G. Rus-Oswald
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Céline N. Bürki
- Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sabine Krumm
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lars Michels
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stippich
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto W. Kressig
- University Department of Geriatric Medicine Felix Platter, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Maria Blatow
- Department of Neuroradiology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Burns M, Schulz AR, Kunkel D, Hönig M, Warth S, Bengsch B, Burns T, Reinhardt J, Grützkau A, Yaspo ML, Sodenkamp J, Hoffmann U, Mei HE. Mass Cytometry-A Tool for the Curious: Networking in Berlin. Cytometry A 2020; 97:764-767. [PMID: 32298052 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Désirée Kunkel
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred Hönig
- Universität Ulm, Medizinische Fakultät, Ulm, Germany
| | - Sarah Warth
- Universität Ulm, Medizinische Fakultät, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bertram Bengsch
- Department of Medicine II, Gastroenterology, Hepatology, Endocrinology, and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, and Signalling Research Centres BIOSS and CIBSS, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tyler Burns
- DRFZ Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Technische Universität Dresden, Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Sodenkamp
- TranslaTUM, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Ute Hoffmann
- DRFZ Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Henrik E Mei
- DRFZ Berlin, a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
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22
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Mueller SM, Mueller F, Reinhardt J, Itin P, Navarini A, Stippich C, Borgwardt S. Assessment of the impact of sex in intensity, skin flares and central processing of histaminergic itch—A pilot study. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1493-1500. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.14021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Felix Mueller
- Department of Psychiatry University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department of Radiology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Neuroradiology Clinical Neuroscience Center University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | - Peter Itin
- Department of Dermatology University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Stippich
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department of Radiology University Hospital Basel University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Neuroradiology Clinical Neuroscience Center University Hospital Zurich University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
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23
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Breitbach M, Kimura K, Luis TC, Fuegemann CJ, Woll PS, Hesse M, Facchini R, Rieck S, Jobin K, Reinhardt J, Ohneda O, Wenzel D, Geisen C, Kurts C, Kastenmüller W, Hölzel M, Jacobsen SEW, Fleischmann BK. In Vivo Labeling by CD73 Marks Multipotent Stromal Cells and Highlights Endothelial Heterogeneity in the Bone Marrow Niche. Cell Stem Cell 2019; 22:262-276.e7. [PMID: 29451855 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Despite much work studying ex vivo multipotent stromal cells (MSCs), the identity and characteristics of MSCs in vivo are not well defined. Here, we generated a CD73-EGFP reporter mouse to address these questions and found EGFP+ MSCs in various organs. In vivo, EGFP+ mesenchymal cells were observed in fetal and adult bones at proliferative ossification sites, while in solid organs EGFP+ cells exhibited a perivascular distribution pattern. EGFP+ cells from the bone compartment could be clonally expanded ex vivo from single cells and displayed trilineage differentiation potential. Moreover, in the central bone marrow CD73-EGFP+ specifically labeled sinusoidal endothelial cells, thought to be a critical component of the hematopoietic stem cell niche. Purification and molecular characterization of this CD73-EGFP+ population revealed an endothelial subtype that also displays a mesenchymal signature, highlighting endothelial cell heterogeneity in the marrow. Thus, the CD73-EGFP mouse is a powerful tool for studying MSCs and sinusoidal endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Breitbach
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
| | - Kenichi Kimura
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Tiago C Luis
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Christopher J Fuegemann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Petter S Woll
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Raffaella Facchini
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK
| | - Sarah Rieck
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Katarzyna Jobin
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Osamu Ohneda
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| | - Daniela Wenzel
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Caroline Geisen
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany; Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Kurts
- Institute of Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Michael Hölzel
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Sten E W Jacobsen
- MRC Molecular Hematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford OX3 9DS, UK; Department of Medicine Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Wallenberg Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institute of Physiology I, Life&Brain Center, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53105 Bonn, Germany.
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Bink A, Benner J, Reinhardt J, De Vere-Tyndall A, Stieltjes B, Hainc N, Stippich C. Structured Reporting in Neuroradiology: Intracranial Tumors. Front Neurol 2018; 9:32. [PMID: 29467712 PMCID: PMC5808104 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2018.00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this pilot study was to assess the clinical feasibility, diagnostic yield, advantages, and disadvantages of structured reporting for routine MRI-reading in patients with primary diagnosis of intracranial tumors as compared to traditional neuroradiological free text reporting. Methods A structured MRI reporting template was developed covering pathological, anatomical, and functional aspects in an itemized fashion. Retrospectively, 60 consecutive patients with first diagnosis of an intracranial tumor were selected from the radiology information system/PACS system. Structured reporting was performed by a senior neuroradiologist, blinded to clinical and radiological data. Reporting times were measured per patient. The diagnostic content was compared to free text reporting which was independently performed on the same MRI exams by two other neuroradiologists. The comparisons were categorized per item as: "congruent," "partially congruent," "incongruent," or "not mentioned in free-style report." Results Tumor-related items: congruent findings were found for all items (17/17) with congruence rates ranging between 98 and 39% per item. Four items achieved congruence rates ≥90%, 5 items >80%, and 9 items ≥70%. Partially congruent findings were found for all items in up to 50% per item. Incongruent findings were present in 7/17 items in up to 5% per item. Free text reports did not mention 12 of 17 items (range 7-43% per item). Non-tumor-related items, including brain atrophy, microangiopathy, vascular pathologies, and various extracranial pathologies, which were not mentioned in free-text reports between 18 and 85% per item. Mean reporting time for structured reporting was 7:49 min (3:12-17:06 min). Conclusion First results showed that expert structured reporting ensured reliable detection of all relevant brain pathologies along with reproducible documentation of all predefined diagnostic items, which was not always the case for free text reporting. A mean reporting time of 8 min per patient seems clinically feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bink
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jan Benner
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Anthony De Vere-Tyndall
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Bram Stieltjes
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nicolin Hainc
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stippich
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Xu M, Li H, Zhao Z, Yang Y, Sun Z, Han H, Zhang X, Reinhardt J. Environmental barriers, functioning and quality of life in 2008 Wenchuan earthquake victims with spinal cord injury eight years after the disaster: A cross-sectional study. J Rehabil Med 2018; 50:866-871. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Knoop J, Gavrisan A, Kuehn D, Reinhardt J, Heinrich M, Hippich M, Eugster A, Ockert C, Ziegler AG, Bonifacio E. GM-CSF producing autoreactive CD4 + T cells in type 1 diabetes. Clin Immunol 2017; 188:23-30. [PMID: 29229565 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2017.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The phenotype of autoreactive T cells in type 1 diabetes is described as Th1, Th17 and/or Th21, but is largely uncharacterized. We combined multi-parameter cytokine profiling and proliferation, and identified GM-CSF producing cells as a component of the response to beta cell autoantigens proinsulin and GAD65. Overall cytokine profiles of CD4+ T cell were not altered in type 1 diabetes. In contrast, patients with recent onset type 1 diabetes had increased frequencies of proinsulin-responsive CD4+CD45RA- T cells producing GM-CSF (p=0.002), IFNγ (p=0.004), IL-17A (p=0.008), IL-21 (p=0.011), and IL-22 (p=0.007), and GAD65-responsive CD4+CD45RA- T cells producing IL-21 (p=0.039). CD4+ T cells with a GM-CSF+IFNγ-IL-17A-IL-21-IL-22- phenotype were increased in patients for responses to both proinsulin (p=0.006) and GAD65 (p=0.037). GM-CSF producing T cells are a novel phenotype in the repertoire of T helper cells in type 1 diabetes and consolidate a Th1/Th17 pro-inflammatory pathogenesis in the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Knoop
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Anita Gavrisan
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Denise Kuehn
- CRTD-DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- CRTD-DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | - Melanie Heinrich
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Markus Hippich
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Anne Eugster
- CRTD-DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany
| | | | - Anette-Gabriele Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg 85764, Germany; Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- CRTD-DFG Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Carl Gustav Carus Faculty of Medicine, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden 01307, Germany; Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg 85764, Germany.
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Bürki CN, Bridenbaugh SA, Reinhardt J, Stippich C, Kressig RW, Blatow M. Imaging gait analysis: An fMRI dual task study. Brain Behav 2017; 7:e00724. [PMID: 28828204 PMCID: PMC5561304 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In geriatric clinical diagnostics, gait analysis with cognitive-motor dual tasking is used to predict fall risk and cognitive decline. To date, the neural correlates of cognitive-motor dual tasking processes are not fully understood. To investigate these underlying neural mechanisms, we designed an fMRI paradigm to reproduce the gait analysis. METHODS We tested the fMRI paradigm's feasibility in a substudy with fifteen young adults and assessed 31 healthy older adults in the main study. First, gait speed and variability were quantified using the GAITRite© electronic walkway. Then, participants lying in the MRI-scanner were stepping on pedals of an MRI-compatible stepping device used to imitate gait during functional imaging. In each session, participants performed cognitive and motor single tasks as well as cognitive-motor dual tasks. RESULTS Behavioral results showed that the parameters of both gait analyses, GAITRite© and fMRI, were significantly positively correlated. FMRI results revealed significantly reduced brain activation during dual task compared to single task conditions. Functional ROI analysis showed that activation in the superior parietal lobe (SPL) decreased less from single to dual task condition than activation in primary motor cortex and in supplementary motor areas. Moreover, SPL activation was increased during dual tasks in subjects exhibiting lower stepping speed and lower executive control. CONCLUSION We were able to simulate walking during functional imaging with valid results that reproduce those from the GAITRite© gait analysis. On the neural level, SPL seems to play a crucial role in cognitive-motor dual tasking and to be linked to divided attention processes, particularly when motor activity is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Céline N Bürki
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department of Radiology University of Basel Hospital and University of Basel Basel Switzerland.,Felix Platter-Hospital University Center for Medicine of Aging and University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Stephanie A Bridenbaugh
- Felix Platter-Hospital University Center for Medicine of Aging and University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department of Radiology University of Basel Hospital and University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stippich
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department of Radiology University of Basel Hospital and University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Reto W Kressig
- Felix Platter-Hospital University Center for Medicine of Aging and University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Maria Blatow
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology Department of Radiology University of Basel Hospital and University of Basel Basel Switzerland
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28
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Reinhardt J, Landsberg J, Schmid-Burgk JL, Ramis BB, Bald T, Glodde N, Lopez-Ramos D, Young A, Ngiow SF, Nettersheim D, Schorle H, Quast T, Kolanus W, Schadendorf D, Long GV, Madore J, Scolyer RA, Ribas A, Smyth MJ, Tumeh PC, Tüting T, Hölzel M. MAPK Signaling and Inflammation Link Melanoma Phenotype Switching to Induction of CD73 during Immunotherapy. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4697-4709. [PMID: 28652246 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2017] [Revised: 05/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Evolution of tumor cell phenotypes promotes heterogeneity and therapy resistance. Here we found that induction of CD73, the enzyme that generates immunosuppressive adenosine, is linked to melanoma phenotype switching. Activating MAPK mutations and growth factors drove CD73 expression, which marked both nascent and full activation of a mesenchymal-like melanoma cell state program. Proinflammatory cytokines like TNFα cooperated with MAPK signaling through the c-Jun/AP-1 transcription factor complex to activate CD73 transcription by binding to an intronic enhancer. In a mouse model of T-cell immunotherapy, CD73 was induced in relapse melanomas, which acquired a mesenchymal-like phenotype. We also detected CD73 upregulation in melanoma patients progressing under adoptive T-cell transfer or immune checkpoint blockade, arguing for an adaptive resistance mechanism. Our work substantiates CD73 as a target to combine with current immunotherapies, but its dynamic regulation suggests limited value of CD73 pretreatment expression as a biomarker to stratify melanoma patients. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4697-709. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Reinhardt
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jonathan L Schmid-Burgk
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bartomeu Bibiloni Ramis
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Bald
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicole Glodde
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dorys Lopez-Ramos
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Arabella Young
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Nettersheim
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Hubert Schorle
- Department of Developmental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, University of Bonn Medical School, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Quast
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Waldemar Kolanus
- Molecular Immunology and Cell Biology, Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jason Madore
- Melanoma Institute Australia and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Tissue Pathology and Diagnostic Oncology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Antoni Ribas
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul C Tumeh
- University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, California.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Young A, Ngiow SF, Madore J, Reinhardt J, Landsberg J, Chitsazan A, Rautela J, Bald T, Barkauskas DS, Ahern E, Huntington ND, Schadendorf D, Long GV, Boyle GM, Hölzel M, Scolyer RA, Smyth MJ. Targeting Adenosine in BRAF-Mutant Melanoma Reduces Tumor Growth and Metastasis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:4684-4696. [PMID: 28652244 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-17-0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence exists for the role of immunosuppressive adenosine in promoting tumor growth and spread in a number of cancer types, resulting in poor clinical outcomes. In this study, we assessed whether the CD73-adenosinergic pathway is active in melanoma patients and whether adenosine restricts the efficacy of clinically approved targeted therapies for commonly mutated BRAFV600E melanoma. In AJCC stage III melanoma patients, CD73 expression (the enzyme that generates adenosine) correlated significantly with patients presenting nodal metastatic melanoma, suggesting that targeting this pathway may be effective in advanced stage disease. In addition, dabrafenib and trametinib treatment of CD73+ BRAFV600E-mutant melanomas caused profound CD73 downregulation in tumor cells. Inhibition of BRAF and MEK in combination with the A2A adenosine receptor provided significant protection against tumor initiation and metastasis formation in mice. Our results suggest that targeting adenosine may enhance therapeutic responses for melanoma patients receiving targeted or immune-based therapies. Cancer Res; 77(17); 4684-96. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arabella Young
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Shin Foong Ngiow
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jason Madore
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Laboratory of Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.,Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Arash Chitsazan
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jai Rautela
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tobias Bald
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Deborah S Barkauskas
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Ahern
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.,Cancer Care Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia
| | - Nicholas D Huntington
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dirk Schadendorf
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Essen, West German Cancer Center, University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Georgina V Long
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Glen M Boyle
- Cancer Drug Mechanisms Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Richard A Scolyer
- Melanoma Institute Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark J Smyth
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia. .,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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30
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Krumm S, Kivisaari SL, Monsch AU, Reinhardt J, Ulmer S, Stippich C, Kressig RW, Taylor KI. Parietal lobe critically supports successful paired immediate and single-item delayed memory for targets. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2017; 141:53-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nlm.2017.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2016] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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Mueller SM, Hogg S, Mueller JM, McKie S, Itin P, Reinhardt J, Griffiths CE, Kleyn CE. Functional magnetic resonance imaging in dermatology: The skin, the brain and the invisible. Exp Dermatol 2017; 26:845-853. [DOI: 10.1111/exd.13305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon M. Mueller
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
- Dermatology Centre; The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Samuel Hogg
- Department of Dermatology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
| | - Jannis M. Mueller
- Department of Neurology; Kantonsspital Muensterlingen; Muensterlingen Switzerland
| | - Shane McKie
- Neuroscience and Psychiatry Unit; The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Peter Itin
- Dermatology Centre; The Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; The University of Manchester; Manchester UK
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic & Interventional Neuroradiology; University Hospital Basel; Basel Switzerland
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Benner J, Wengenroth M, Reinhardt J, Stippich C, Schneider P, Blatow M. Prevalence and function of Heschl's gyrus morphotypes in musicians. Brain Struct Funct 2017; 222:3587-3603. [PMID: 28397108 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-017-1419-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Morphological variations of the first transverse Heschl's gyrus (HG) in the human auditory cortex (AC) are common, yet little is known about their functional implication. We investigated individual morphology and function of HG variations in the AC of 41 musicians, using structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) as well as magnetoencephalography (MEG). Four main morphotypes of HG were (i) single HG, (ii) common stem duplication (CSD), (iii) complete posterior duplication (CPD), and (iv) multiple duplications (MD). The vast majority of musicians (90%) exhibited HG multiplications (type ii-iv) in either one (39%) or both (51%) hemispheres. In 27% of musicians, MD with up to four gyri were found. To probe the functional contribution of HG multiplications to auditory processing we performed fMRI and MEG with auditory stimulation using analogous instrumental tone paradigms. Both methods pointed to the recruitment of all parts of HG during auditory stimulation, including multiplications if present. FMRI activations extended with the degree of HG gyrification. MEG source waveform patterns were distinct for the different types of HG: (i) hemispheres with single HG and (ii) CSD exhibited dominant N1 responses, whereas hemispheres with (iii) CPD and (iv) MD exhibited dominant P1 responses. N1 dipole amplitudes correlated with the localization of the first complete Heschl's sulcus (cHS), designating the most posterior anatomical border of HG. P2 amplitudes were significantly higher in professional as compared to amateur musicians. The results suggest that HG multiplications occur much more frequently in musicians than in the general population and constitute a functional unit with HG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Benner
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Martina Wengenroth
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Institute of Neuroradiology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stippich
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Peter Schneider
- Department of Neuroradiology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.,Section of Biomagnetism, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg Medical School, INF 400, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Maria Blatow
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Basel Hospital, Petersgraben 4, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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Hirni DI, Kivisaari SL, Krumm S, Monsch AU, Berres M, Oeksuez F, Reinhardt J, Ulmer S, Kressig RW, Stippich C, Taylor KI. Neuropsychological Markers of Medial Perirhinal and Entorhinal Cortex Functioning are Impaired Twelve Years Preceding Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Dementia. J Alzheimers Dis 2017; 52:573-80. [PMID: 27031465 DOI: 10.3233/jad-150158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer's dementia (AD) is associated with cognitive impairments and cortical thinning, and begins in medial perirhinal cortex (mPRC) before entering entorhinal cortex (ERC). Thus, mPRC dysfunction (e.g., semantic object memory impairments) may predate or accompany ERC (i.e., episodic memory) dysfunction in the preclinical course of typical AD. We developed formulae estimating mPRC and ERC integrity (i.e., cortical thickness) using common neuropsychological tests in 31 healthy individuals and 58 early AD patients. These formulae estimated the longitudinal courses of mPRC and ERC functioning in independent groups of 28 optimally healthy individuals who developed AD (NC-AD) over 2.8-13.4 years and 28 pairwise-matched, stable, healthy individuals (NC-NC). Mixed models demonstrated significantly worse NC-AD than NC-NC estimated mPRC and ERC functioning at the earliest observation, 12 years preceding diagnosis, and a significant decline 4 years preceding the AD diagnosis. These findings demonstrate that specific neuropsychological impairments occur early in the course of preclinical AD and that tasks measuring mPRC functioning may serve as additional, powerful markers of preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela I Hirni
- Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix-Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sasa L Kivisaari
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University, School of Science, AALTO, Finland
| | - Sabine Krumm
- Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix-Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas U Monsch
- Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix-Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Berres
- Department of Mathematics & Technology, RheinAhrCampus, Remagen, Germany
| | - Fatma Oeksuez
- Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix-Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Ulmer
- Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany.,Medical Radiological Institute (MRI), Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Reto W Kressig
- Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix-Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stippich
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology University of Basel Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kirsten I Taylor
- Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix-Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland.,University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.,Centre for Speech, Language and the Brain, Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Goettel N, Mistridis P, Berres M, Reinhardt J, Stippich C, Monsch AU, Steiner LA. Association between changes in cerebral grey matter volume and postoperative cognitive dysfunction in elderly patients: study protocol for a prospective observational cohort study. BMC Anesthesiol 2016; 16:118. [PMID: 27884107 PMCID: PMC5123242 DOI: 10.1186/s12871-016-0285-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive decline is frequently observed in elderly patients after major surgery. The pathophysiology of postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) remains unclear. The aim of our investigation is to identify potential associations between brain volume change and POCD in elderly patients undergoing major surgery. Methods This is a prospective observational cohort study approved by the regional ethics board. We intend to compare specific brain volumes (hippocampus, lateral ventricle, total grey matter volume, regional cortical thickness) on magnetic resonance imaging and cognitive functions determined by a neuropsychological assessment battery in 70 study participants aged ≥65 years before and 3 and 12 months after major noncardiac surgery. Thirty volunteers will be included as matched nonsurgical controls. The primary endpoint of the study is the change in hippocampal volume over time in patients with and without POCD. The secondary endpoint is the correlation between the change in cerebral volume and cognitive function. We will follow the STROBE guidelines for reporting the results of observational studies. Discussion We hypothesize that surgery under general anesthesia is associated with a loss of cerebral grey matter, and that the degree of postoperative cognitive dysfunction correlates with the extent of atrophy in areas of the brain that are relevant for cognitive functions. The validation of reproducible anatomical biomarkers, such as the specific brain volumes examined in our cohort, may serve to evaluate the effect of preventive strategies and treatment interventions for POCD in follow-up studies. Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02045004. Registered 22 January 2014. Kofam.ch SNCTP000001751. Registered 21 April 2016 (retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolai Goettel
- Department of Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland. .,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Panagiota Mistridis
- Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Manfred Berres
- Department of Mathematics and Technology, University of Applied Sciences Koblenz, Koblenz, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stippich
- Department of Radiology, Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Andreas U Monsch
- Memory Clinic, University Center for Medicine of Aging Basel, Felix Platter Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luzius A Steiner
- Department of Anesthesia, Surgical Intensive Care, Prehospital Emergency Medicine and Pain Therapy, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Spitalstrasse 21, CH-4031, Basel, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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35
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Patton T, Du K, Christensen G, Reinhardt J, Bayouth J. WE-AB-202-03: Quantifying Ventilation Change Due to Radiation Therapy Using 4DCT Jacobian Calculations. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Patton T, Du K, Christensen G, Reinhardt J, Bayouth J. SU-F-J-219: Predicting Ventilation Change Due to Radiation Therapy: Dependency On Pre-RT Ventilation and Effort Correction. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4956127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Du K, Patton T, Reinhardt J, Christensen G, Bayouth J. WE-AB-202-06: Correlating Lung CT HU with Transformation-Based and Xe-CT Derived Ventilation. Med Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4957747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Reinhardt J, Ballert C, Brinkhof M, Post M. Perceived impact of environmental barriers on participation among people living with spinal cord injury in Switzerland. J Rehabil Med 2016; 48:210-8. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Li J, Prodinger B, Reinhardt J, Stucki G. Towards the system-wide implementation of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health in routine practice: Lessons from a pilot study in China. J Rehabil Med 2016; 48:502-7. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-2067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Schmid-Burgk JL, Chauhan D, Schmidt T, Ebert TS, Reinhardt J, Endl E, Hornung V. A Genome-wide CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) Screen Identifies NEK7 as an Essential Component of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation. J Biol Chem 2015; 291:103-9. [PMID: 26553871 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c115.700492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammasomes are high molecular weight protein complexes that assemble in the cytosol upon pathogen encounter. This results in caspase-1-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokine maturation, as well as a special type of cell death, known as pyroptosis. The Nlrp3 inflammasome plays a pivotal role in pathogen defense, but at the same time, its activity has also been implicated in many common sterile inflammatory conditions. To this effect, several studies have identified Nlrp3 inflammasome engagement in a number of common human diseases such as atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer disease, or gout. Although it has been shown that known Nlrp3 stimuli converge on potassium ion efflux upstream of Nlrp3 activation, the exact molecular mechanism of Nlrp3 activation remains elusive. Here, we describe a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 screen in immortalized mouse macrophages aiming at the unbiased identification of gene products involved in Nlrp3 inflammasome activation. We employed a FACS-based screen for Nlrp3-dependent cell death, using the ionophoric compound nigericin as a potassium efflux-inducing stimulus. Using a genome-wide guide RNA (gRNA) library, we found that targeting Nek7 rescued macrophages from nigericin-induced lethality. Subsequent studies revealed that murine macrophages deficient in Nek7 displayed a largely blunted Nlrp3 inflammasome response, whereas Aim2-mediated inflammasome activation proved to be fully intact. Although the mechanism of Nek7 functioning upstream of Nlrp3 yet remains elusive, these studies provide a first genetic handle of a component that specifically functions upstream of Nlrp3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Julia Reinhardt
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital, University of Bonn, 53127 Bonn and
| | - Elmar Endl
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine and
| | - Veit Hornung
- From the Institute of Molecular Medicine and the Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, 81377 Munich, Germany
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41
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Riesenberg S, Groetchen A, Siddaway R, Bald T, Reinhardt J, Smorra D, Kohlmeyer J, Renn M, Phung B, Aymans P, Schmidt T, Hornung V, Davidson I, Goding CR, Jönsson G, Landsberg J, Tüting T, Hölzel M. MITF and c-Jun antagonism interconnects melanoma dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness and myeloid cell recruitment. Nat Commun 2015; 6:8755. [PMID: 26530832 PMCID: PMC4659938 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms9755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation promotes phenotypic plasticity in melanoma, a source of non-genetic heterogeneity, but the molecular framework is poorly understood. Here we use functional genomic approaches and identify a reciprocal antagonism between the melanocyte lineage transcription factor MITF and c-Jun, which interconnects inflammation-induced dedifferentiation with pro-inflammatory cytokine responsiveness of melanoma cells favouring myeloid cell recruitment. We show that pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α instigate gradual suppression of MITF expression through c-Jun. MITF itself binds to the c-Jun regulatory genomic region and its reduction increases c-Jun expression that in turn amplifies TNF-stimulated cytokine expression with further MITF suppression. This feed-forward mechanism turns poor peak-like transcriptional responses to TNF-α into progressive and persistent cytokine and chemokine induction. Consistently, inflammatory MITF(low)/c-Jun(high) syngeneic mouse melanomas recruit myeloid immune cells into the tumour microenvironment as recapitulated by their human counterparts. Our study suggests myeloid cell-directed therapies may be useful for MITF(low)/c-Jun(high) melanomas to counteract their growth-promoting and immunosuppressive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Riesenberg
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Angela Groetchen
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert Siddaway
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Tobias Bald
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Denise Smorra
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Judith Kohlmeyer
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Marcel Renn
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bengt Phung
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Pia Aymans
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Schmidt
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/ULP, 1 Rue Laurent Fries, Illkirch Cédex 67404, France
| | - Colin R Goding
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Building, Headington, Oxford OX3 7DQ, UK
| | - Göran Jönsson
- Division of Oncology and Pathology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Barngatan 2B, Lund 221 85, Sweden
| | - Jennifer Landsberg
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Tüting
- Laboratory for Experimental Dermatology, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hölzel
- Unit for RNA Biology, Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Strasse 25, 53105 Bonn, Germany
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42
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Du K, Patton T, Reinhardt J, Christensen G, Zhao B, Gerard S, Pan Y, Bayouth J. SU-E-J-90: Lobar-Level Lung Ventilation Analysis Using 4DCT and Deformable Image Registration. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4924177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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43
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Patton T, Du K, Christensen G, Reinhardt J, Bayouth J. TU-G-BRA-03: Predicting Radiation Therapy Induced Ventilation Changes Using 4DCT Jacobian Calculations. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4925753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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44
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Theil A, Wilhelm C, Guhr E, Reinhardt J, Bonifacio E. The relative merits of cord blood as a cell source for autologous T regulatory cell therapy in type 1 diabetes. Horm Metab Res 2015; 47:48-55. [PMID: 25372776 DOI: 10.1055/s-0034-1394372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Cord blood has been used as a cell source for therapeutic purposes in children with type 1 diabetes and other disorders. Here, we explore the benefits of cord blood as an autologous source of T regulatory cells for immune cell therapy in patients. CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells were isolated from cord blood and adult peripheral blood of healthy donors and compared during and after expansion in a 14-day protocol incorporating anti-CD3/anti-CD28 beads, and IL-2 with or without rapamycin. Cord blood T regulatory cells were largely naïve (89±7 vs. 31±10% in young adults, p<0.0001), and had higher expansion yields (median 5,968-fold) than adult T regulatory cells (median 516-fold, p=0.001) and adult naïve T regulatory cells (median 820-fold, p=0.003). Rapamycin reduced expansion yields, but was not necessary to obtain pure expanded cord blood T regulatory cells as judged by FOXP3 staining (94±3%), methylation status of FOXP3 (97%), and intracellular effector cytokine staining (< 6%). Expanded adult T regulatory cells were much less pure in the absence of rapamycin (72±19% FOXP3; 76% by methylation status, <13% INF-γ, <16% IL-4, <5% IL-17 positive), but purity was achieved by inclusion of rapamycin during expansion. Despite differences in purity, all preparations of expanded T regulatory from all sources were able to strongly suppress proliferation of T effector cells in vitro. Our findings suggest that cord blood is an excellent source of T regulatory cells for expansion and autologous cell therapy that may be considered as a strategy to prevent immune-mediated destruction of beta cells in type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Theil
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - C Wilhelm
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Guhr
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - J Reinhardt
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - E Bonifacio
- DFG-Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
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45
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Ruoranen K, Post M, Juvalta S, Reinhardt J. Participation and integration from the perspective of persons with spinal cord injury from five European countries. J Rehabil Med 2015; 47:216-22. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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46
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Juvalta S, Post M, Charlifue S, Noreau L, Whiteneck G, Dumont F, Reinhardt J. Development and cognitive testing of the Nottwil Environmental Factors Inventory in Canada, Switzerland, and the USA. J Rehabil Med 2015; 47:618-25. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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47
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Li L, Reinhardt J, Zhang X, Pennycott A, Zhao Z, Zeng X, Li J. Physical function, pain, quality of life and life satisfaction of amputees from the 2008 Sichuan earthquake: A prospective cohort study. J Rehabil Med 2015; 47:466-71. [DOI: 10.2340/16501977-1951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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48
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Amann M, Andělová M, Pfister A, Mueller-Lenke N, Traud S, Reinhardt J, Magon S, Bendfeldt K, Kappos L, Radue EW, Stippich C, Sprenger T. Subcortical brain segmentation of two dimensional T1-weighted data sets with FMRIB's Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST). Neuroimage Clin 2014; 7:43-52. [PMID: 25610766 PMCID: PMC4299953 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2014.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2014] [Revised: 11/05/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Brain atrophy has been identified as an important contributing factor to the development of disability in multiple sclerosis (MS). In this respect, more and more interest is focussing on the role of deep grey matter (DGM) areas. Novel data analysis pipelines are available for the automatic segmentation of DGM using three-dimensional (3D) MRI data. However, in clinical trials, often no such high-resolution data are acquired and hence no conclusions regarding the impact of new treatments on DGM atrophy were possible so far. In this work, we used FMRIB's Integrated Registration and Segmentation Tool (FIRST) to evaluate the possibility of segmenting DGM structures using standard two-dimensional (2D) T1-weighted MRI. In a cohort of 70 MS patients, both 2D and 3D T1-weighted data were acquired. The thalamus, putamen, pallidum, nucleus accumbens, and caudate nucleus were bilaterally segmented using FIRST. Volumes were calculated for each structure and for the sum of basal ganglia (BG) as well as for the total DGM. The accuracy and reliability of the 2D data segmentation were compared with the respective results of 3D segmentations using volume difference, volume overlap and intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). The mean differences for the individual substructures were between 1.3% (putamen) and −25.2% (nucleus accumbens). The respective values for the BG were −2.7% and for DGM 1.3%. Mean volume overlap was between 89.1% (thalamus) and 61.5% (nucleus accumbens); BG: 84.1%; DGM: 86.3%. Regarding ICC, all structures showed good agreement with the exception of the nucleus accumbens. The results of the segmentation were additionally validated through expert manual delineation of the caudate nucleus and putamen in a subset of the 3D data. In conclusion, we demonstrate that subcortical segmentation of 2D data are feasible using FIRST. The larger subcortical GM structures can be segmented with high consistency. This forms the basis for the application of FIRST in large 2D MRI data sets of clinical trials in order to determine the impact of therapeutic interventions on DGM atrophy in MS. Segmentation of deep grey matter (DGM) using 2-dimensional MRI data is challenging. We performed a systematic comparison between 2 and 3D data segmentation using FIRST. The DGM volumes of 70 multiple sclerosis patients were statistically compared. We found a good agreement of the segmentation results for the large DGM structures. Our results indicate that FIRST is suitable for the segmentation of 2D data sets acquired in multicentre studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Amann
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland ; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Andělová
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Armanda Pfister
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Mueller-Lenke
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland ; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC), Schanzenstrasse 55, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Stefan Traud
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC), Schanzenstrasse 55, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Julia Reinhardt
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Stefano Magon
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Bendfeldt
- Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC), Schanzenstrasse 55, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Ludwig Kappos
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Ernst-Wilhelm Radue
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland ; Medical Image Analysis Center (MIAC), Schanzenstrasse 55, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Stippich
- Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
| | - Till Sprenger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland ; Division of Diagnostic and Interventional Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Petersgraben 4, Basel 4031, Switzerland
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49
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Du K, Reinhardt J, Christensen G, Ding K, Zhao B, Bayouth J. MO-A-BRD-05: Evaluation of Composed Lung Ventilation with 4DCT and Image Registration. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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50
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Patton T, Du K, Christensen G, Reinhardt J, Bayouth J. TU-A-12A-01: Consistency of Lung Expansion and Contraction During Respiration: Implications for Quantitative Imaging. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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