1
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Liu LB, Yang W, Chang JT, Fan DY, Wu YH, Wang PG, An J. Zika virus infection leads to hormone deficiencies of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis and diminished fertility in mice. J Virol 2023; 97:e0100623. [PMID: 37732785 PMCID: PMC10617514 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01006-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in pregnant women during the third trimester can cause neurodevelopmental delays and cryptorchidism in children without microcephaly. However, the consequences of congenital ZIKV infection on fertility in these children remain unclear. Here, using an immunocompetent mouse model, we reveal that congenital ZIKV infection can cause hormonal disorders of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, leading to reduced fertility and decreased sexual preference. Our study has for the first time linked the hypothalamus to the reproductive system and social behaviors after ZIKV infection. Although the extent to which these observations in mice translate to humans remains unclear, these findings did suggest that the reproductive health and hormone levels of ZIKV-exposed children should receive more attention to improve their living quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Bo Liu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University Sanbo Brain Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Tong Chang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dong-Ying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Hua Wu
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pei-Gang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
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2
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Arora H, Prajapati B, Seth P. Potential role of lncRNA in impairing cellular properties of human neural progenitor cells following exposure to Zika virus E protein. Exp Neurol 2023; 368:114493. [PMID: 37479020 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during the first trimester of the pregnancy may lead to Congenital zika syndrome in the neonates. The viral infection hampers foetal brain development and causes microcephaly. Human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs) play an important role in brain development, however they are highly susceptible to ZIKV infection. In this study, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms that lead to cellular alterations in hNPCs due to ZIKV E-protein. We investigated proliferation, differentiation, migration and inflammation in hNPCs, which may lead to microcephaly. In our study, we found that ZIKV E-protein causes cell cycle arrest, decrease in proliferation and increase in mitotic length of the dividing hNPCs. We observed CyclinD1 and upstream molecules (p21 and p53) of the pathway are dysregulated, and intracellular calcium at basal level as well as upon ATP stimulation were reduced following over expression of ZIKV E-protein. ZIKV E-protein transfected hNPCs exhibited pre-mature differentiation with pro-neural genes upregulated. Furthermore, ZIKV E-protein disrupted migrational properties of hNPCs and caused elevated levels of inflammatory chemokines and cytokines. To gain insights into molecular mechanisms of these effects on hNPCs, we explored the possible involvement of long non coding RNAs in ZIKV neuropathogenesis. We have shortlisted lncRNAs associated with differentially expressed genes from publicly available transcriptomic data and found some of those lncRNAs are differentially expressed upon E-protein transfection of hNPCs. Gene ontology analysis suggest these lncRNAs play an important role in regulation of viral life cycle, host's defence response and cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himali Arora
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, India
| | - Bharat Prajapati
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden
| | - Pankaj Seth
- Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Neurovirology Section, National Brain Research Centre, Manesar, Gurugram, Haryana, India.
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3
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Steiner JP, Bachani M, Malik N, Li W, Tyagi R, Sampson K, Abrams RPM, Kousa Y, Solis J, Johnson TP, Nath A. Neurotoxic properties of the Zika virus envelope protein. Exp Neurol 2023; 367:114469. [PMID: 37327963 PMCID: PMC10527427 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is a serious global concern as it can lead to brain injury and many serious birth defects, collectively known as congenital Zika syndrome. Brain injury likely results from viral mediated toxicity in neural progenitor cells. Additionally, postnatal ZIKV infections have been linked to neurological complications, yet the mechanisms driving these manifestations are not well understood. Existing data suggest that the ZIKV envelope protein can persist in the central nervous system for extended periods of time, but it is unknown if this protein can independently contribute to neuronal toxicity. Here we find that the ZIKV envelope protein is neurotoxic, leading to overexpression of poly adenosine diphosphate -ribose polymerase 1, which can induce parthanatos. Together, these data suggest that neuronal toxicity resulting from the envelope protein may contribute to the pathogenesis of post-natal ZIKV-related neurologic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P Steiner
- Translational Neuroscience Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Muznabanu Bachani
- Translational Neuroscience Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Nasir Malik
- Translational Neuroscience Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Wenxue Li
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Richa Tyagi
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Kevon Sampson
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Rachel P M Abrams
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Youssef Kousa
- Division of Neurology, Children's National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA; Department of Genomics and Precision Medicine, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - Jamie Solis
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Tory P Johnson
- Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America
| | - Avindra Nath
- Translational Neuroscience Center, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America; Section of Infections of the Nervous System, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States of America.
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4
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Christoff RR, Nani JV, Lessa G, Rabello T, Rossi AD, Krenn V, Higa LM, Tanuri A, Garcez PP, Hayashi MAF. Assessing the role of Ndel1 oligopeptidase activity in congenital Zika syndrome: Potential predictor of congenital syndrome endophenotype and treatment response. J Neurochem 2023; 166:763-776. [PMID: 37497817 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Maternal infections are among the main risk factors for cognitive impairments in the offspring. Zika virus (ZIKV) can be transmitted vertically, causing a set of heterogeneous birth defects, such as microcephaly, ventriculomegaly and corpus callosum dysgenesis. Nuclear distribution element like-1 (Ndel1) oligopeptidase controls crucial aspects of cerebral cortex development underlying cortical malformations. Here, we examine Ndel1 activity in an animal model for ZIKV infection, which was associated with deregulated corticogenesis. We observed here a reduction in Ndel1 activity in the forebrain associated with the congenital syndrome induced by ZIKV isolates, in an in utero and postnatal injections of different inoculum doses in mice models. In addition, we observed a strong correlation between Ndel1 activity and brain size of animals infected by ZIKV, suggesting the potential of this measure as a biomarker for microcephaly. More importantly, the increase of interferon (IFN)-beta signaling, which was used to rescue the ZIKV infection outcomes, also recovered Ndel1 activity to levels similar to those of uninfected healthy control mice, but with no influence on Ndel1 activity in uninfected healthy control animals. Taken together, we demonstrate for the first time here an association of corticogenesis impairments determined by ZIKV infection and the modulation of Ndel1 activity. Although further studies are still necessary to clarify the possible role(s) of Ndel1 activity in the molecular mechanism(s) underlying the congenital syndrome induced by ZIKV, we suggest here the potential of monitoring the Ndel1 activity to predict this pathological condition at early stages of embryos or offspring development, during while the currently employed methods are unable to detect impaired corticogenesis leading to microcephaly. Ndel1 activity may also be possibly used to follow up the positive response to the treatment, such as that employing the IFN-beta that is able to rescue the ZIKV-induced brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raissa R Christoff
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - João V Nani
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Lessa
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tailene Rabello
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Atila D Rossi
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veronica Krenn
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milan-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Luiza M Higa
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia P Garcez
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mirian A F Hayashi
- Department of Pharmacology, Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- National Institute for Translational Medicine (INCT-TM, CNPq/FAPESP/CAPES), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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5
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Carvalho MDCG, Ximenes RAA, Andrade-Valença LPA, Montarroyos UR, Diniz GTN, Rodrigues LC, Brickley EB, Eickmann SH, de Araujo TVB, Martelli CMT, da Silva PFS, Miranda-Filho DDB. Longitudinal evolution of electroencephalogram (EEG): Findings over five years of follow-up in children with Zika-related microcephaly from the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort (2015-2020). Seizure 2023; 110:28-41. [PMID: 37302158 DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the longitudinal evolution of EEG findings in children with Zika related-microcephaly (ZRM) and to evaluate the associations of these patterns with the children's clinical and neuroimaging characteristics. METHODS As part of the follow-up of the Microcephaly Epidemic Research Group Pediatric Cohort (MERG-PC) in Recife, Brazil, we performed serial EEG recordings in a subgroup of children with ZRM to evaluate changes in background rhythms and epileptiform activity (EA). Latent class analysis was used to identify patterns in the evolution of EA over time; clinical and neuroimaging findings were compared across the identified groups. RESULTS Out of the 72 children with ZRM who were evaluated during 190 EEGs/videoEEGs, all participants presented with abnormal background activity, 37.5% presented with an alpha-theta rhythmic activity, and 25% presented with sleep spindles, which were less commonly observed in children with epilepsy. EA changed over time in 79.2% of children, and three distinct trajectories were identified: (i) multifocal EA over time, (ii) no discharges/focal EA evolving to focal/multifocal EA, and (iii) focal/multifocal EA evolving to epileptic encephalopathy patterns (e.g., hypsarrhythmia or continuous EA in sleep). The multifocal EA over time trajectory was associated with periventricular and thalamus/basal ganglia calcifications, brainstem and corpus callosum atrophy and had less focal epilepsy, whereas the children in the trajectory which evolved to epileptic encephalopathy patterns had more frequently focal epilepsy. SIGNIFICANCE These findings suggest that, in most children with ZRM, trajectories of changes in EA can be identified and associated with neuroimaging and clinical features.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ricardo A A Ximenes
- University of Pernambuco, Recife Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Laura C Rodrigues
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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6
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Seiter DP, Nguyen SM, Morgan TK, Mao L, Dudley DM, O’connor DH, Murphy ME, Ludwig KD, Chen R, Dhyani A, Zhu A, Schotzko ML, Brunner KG, Shah DM, Johnson KM, Golos TG, Wieben O. Ferumoxytol dynamic contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging identifies altered placental cotyledon perfusion in rhesus macaques†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:1517-1527. [PMID: 36018823 PMCID: PMC9752971 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of placental dysfunction in early pregnancy with noninvasive imaging could be a valuable tool for assessing maternal and fetal risk. Dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be a powerful tool for interrogating placenta health. After inoculation with Zika virus or sham inoculation at gestation age (GA) 45 or 55 days, animals were imaged up to three times at GA65, GA100, and GA145. DCE MRI images were acquired at all imaging sessions using ferumoxytol, an iron nanoparticle-based contrast agent, and analyzed for placental intervillous blood flow, number of perfusion domains, and perfusion domain volume. Cesarean section was performed at GA155, and the placenta was photographed and dissected for histopathology. Photographs were used to align cotyledons with estimated perfusion domains from MRI, allowing comparison of estimated cotyledon volume to pathology. Monkeys were separated into high and low pathology groups based on the average number of pathologies present in the placenta. Perfusion domain flow, volume, and number increased through gestation, and total blood flow increased with gestation for both low pathology and high pathology groups. A statistically significant decrease in perfusion domain volume associated with pathology was detected at all gestational ages. Individual perfusion domain flow comparisons demonstrated a statistically significant decrease with pathology at GA100 and GA145, but not GA65. Since ferumoxytol is currently used to treat anemia during human pregnancy and as an off-label MRI contrast agent, future transition of this work to human pregnancy may be possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P Seiter
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sydney M Nguyen
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Terry K Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Lu Mao
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dawn M Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - David H O’connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Megan E Murphy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kai D Ludwig
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ruiming Chen
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Archana Dhyani
- Department of Computer Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ante Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Michele L Schotzko
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin G Brunner
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dinesh M Shah
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kevin M Johnson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Oliver Wieben
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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7
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Ferrari-Marinho T, De Marchi LR, Caboclo LO. Clinical Neurophysiology of Zika Virus Encephalitis. J Clin Neurophysiol 2022; 39:259-264. [PMID: 34999637 DOI: 10.1097/wnp.0000000000000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Zika virus (ZIKV) has been shown to be highly neurotropic; neurologic disorders are a common complication of this infection. Encephalitis-an inflammation of the brain parenchyma associated with neurologic dysfunction-is a rare complication of ZIKV infections. It affects patients from young to elderly ages. Clinical presentation of ZIKV encephalitis may be heterogeneous, including altered mental status (decreased or altered level of consciousness, lethargy, or personality change), seizures, and focal deficits. Complementary diagnostic investigation should include neuroimaging, lumbar puncture, and EEG. Neuroimaging findings in ZIKV encephalitis are not specific and may be diverse, including normal findings, hyperintense lesions on MRI involving cortical or subcortical structures, symmetric or asymmetric lesions involving supra or infratentorial regions, and more widespread involvement such as brain swelling. A remarkable scarcity of neurophysiological data on ZIKV encephalitis was found in the literature. In line with other diagnostic examinations, there are no neurophysiological findings suggestive or specific of the disease. EEG in ZIKV encephalitis showed different results: normal or diffuse disorganization of background activity, asymmetry with abnormal focal slow waves, focal epileptic discharges or generalized spike-wave and multispike-wave complexes, and periods of generalized voltage attenuation.
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8
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Depla JA, Mulder LA, de Sá RV, Wartel M, Sridhar A, Evers MM, Wolthers KC, Pajkrt D. Human Brain Organoids as Models for Central Nervous System Viral Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030634. [PMID: 35337041 PMCID: PMC8948955 DOI: 10.3390/v14030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathogenesis of viral infections of the central nervous system (CNS) is poorly understood, and this is partly due to the limitations of currently used preclinical models. Brain organoid models can overcome some of these limitations, as they are generated from human derived stem cells, differentiated in three dimensions (3D), and can mimic human neurodevelopmental characteristics. Therefore, brain organoids have been increasingly used as brain models in research on various viruses, such as Zika virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus. Brain organoids allow for the study of viral tropism, the effect of infection on organoid function, size, and cytoarchitecture, as well as innate immune response; therefore, they provide valuable insight into the pathogenesis of neurotropic viral infections and testing of antivirals in a physiological model. In this review, we summarize the results of studies on viral CNS infection in brain organoids, and we demonstrate the broad application and benefits of using a human 3D model in virology research. At the same time, we describe the limitations of the studies in brain organoids, such as the heterogeneity in organoid generation protocols and age at infection, which result in differences in results between studies, as well as the lack of microglia and a blood brain barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josse A. Depla
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.A.M.); (A.S.); (K.C.W.); (D.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- UniQure Biopharma B.V., Department of Research & Development, Paasheuvelweg 25A, 1105 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.V.d.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.E.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Lance A. Mulder
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.A.M.); (A.S.); (K.C.W.); (D.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renata Vieira de Sá
- UniQure Biopharma B.V., Department of Research & Development, Paasheuvelweg 25A, 1105 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.V.d.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Morgane Wartel
- UniQure Biopharma B.V., Department of Research & Development, Paasheuvelweg 25A, 1105 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.V.d.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Adithya Sridhar
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.A.M.); (A.S.); (K.C.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Melvin M. Evers
- UniQure Biopharma B.V., Department of Research & Development, Paasheuvelweg 25A, 1105 BE Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (R.V.d.S.); (M.W.); (M.M.E.)
| | - Katja C. Wolthers
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.A.M.); (A.S.); (K.C.W.); (D.P.)
| | - Dasja Pajkrt
- OrganoVIR Labs, Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (L.A.M.); (A.S.); (K.C.W.); (D.P.)
- Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Emma Children’s Hospital, Amsterdam UMC Location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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9
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Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) are multipotent stem cells that reside in the fetal and adult mammalian brain, which can self-renew and differentiate into neurons and supporting cells. Intrinsic and extrinsic cues, from cells in the local niche and from distant sites, stringently orchestrates the self-renewal and differentiation competence of NSCs. Ample evidence supports the important role of NSCs in neuroplasticity, aging, disease, and repair of the nervous system. Indeed, activation of NSCs or their transplantation into injured areas of the central nervous system can lead to regeneration in animal models. Viral invasion of NSCs can negatively affect neurogenesis and synaptogenesis, with consequent cell death, impairment of cell cycle progression, early differentiation, which cause neural progenitors depletion in the cortical layer of the brain. Herein, we will review the current understanding of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of the fetal brain and the NSCs, which are the preferential population targeted by ZIKV. Furthermore, the potential neurotropic properties of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which may cause direct neurological damage, will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amadi Ogonda Ihunwo
- School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jessica Perego
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianvito Martino
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Vicenzi
- Viral Pathogenesis and Biosafety Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Disesases, IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Paola Panina-Bordignon
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Division of Neuroscience, San Raffaele Vita-Salute University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Paola Panina-Bordignon,
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Tristan CA, Ormanoglu P, Slamecka J, Malley C, Chu PH, Jovanovic VM, Gedik Y, Jethmalani Y, Bonney C, Barnaeva E, Braisted J, Mallanna SK, Dorjsuren D, Iannotti MJ, Voss TC, Michael S, Simeonov A, Singeç I. Robotic high-throughput biomanufacturing and functional differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2021; 16:3076-3092. [PMID: 34861164 PMCID: PMC8693769 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2021.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient translation of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) requires scalable cell manufacturing strategies for optimal self-renewal and functional differentiation. Traditional manual cell culture is variable and labor intensive, posing challenges for high-throughput applications. Here, we established a robotic platform and automated all essential steps of hiPSC culture and differentiation under chemically defined conditions. This approach allowed rapid and standardized manufacturing of billions of hiPSCs that can be produced in parallel from up to 90 different patient- and disease-specific cell lines. Moreover, we established automated multi-lineage differentiation and generated functional neurons, cardiomyocytes, and hepatocytes. To validate our approach, we compared robotic and manual cell culture operations and performed comprehensive molecular and cellular characterizations (e.g., single-cell transcriptomics, mass cytometry, metabolism, electrophysiology) to benchmark industrial-scale cell culture operations toward building an integrated platform for efficient cell manufacturing for disease modeling, drug screening, and cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos A Tristan
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pinar Ormanoglu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Jaroslav Slamecka
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Claire Malley
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Pei-Hsuan Chu
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Vukasin M Jovanovic
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yeliz Gedik
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Yogita Jethmalani
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Charles Bonney
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Elena Barnaeva
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - John Braisted
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sunil K Mallanna
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Dorjbal Dorjsuren
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Michael J Iannotti
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ty C Voss
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Sam Michael
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ilyas Singeç
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS), Division of Preclinical Innovation (DPI), Stem Cell Translation Laboratory (SCTL), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
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11
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Shi SL, Fukuda H, Chujo T, Kouwaki T, Oshiumi H, Tomizawa K, Wei FY. Export of RNA-derived modified nucleosides by equilibrative nucleoside transporters defines the magnitude of autophagy response and Zika virus replication. RNA Biol 2021; 18:478-495. [PMID: 34382915 PMCID: PMC8677048 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2021.1960689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA contains a wide variety of posttranscriptional modifications covalently attached to its base or sugar group. These modified nucleosides are liberated from RNA molecules as the consequence of RNA catabolism and released into extracellular space, but the molecular mechanism of extracellular transport and its pathophysiological implications have been unclear. In the present study, we discovered that RNA-derived modified nucleosides are exported to extracellular space through equilibrative nucleoside transporters 1 and 2 (ENT1 and ENT2), with ENT1 showing higher preference for modified nucleosides than ENT2. Pharmacological inhibition or genetic deletion of ENT1 and ENT2 significantly attenuated export of modified nucleosides thereby resulting in their accumulation in cytosol. Using mutagenesis strategy, we identified an amino acid residue in ENT1 that is involved in the discrimination of unmodified and modified nucleosides. In ENTs-deficient cells, the elevated levels of intracellular modified nucleosides were closely associated with an induction of autophagy response as evidenced by increased LC3-II level. Importantly, we performed a screening of modified nucleosides capable of inducing autophagy and found that 1-methylguanosine (m1G) was sufficient to induce LC3-II levels. Pathophysiologically, defective export of modified nucleosides drastically induced Zika virus replication in an autophagy-dependent manner. In addition, we also found that pharmacological inhibition of ENTs by dilazep significantly induced Zika virus replication. Collectively, our findings highlight RNA-derived modified nucleosides as important signaling modulators that activate autophagy response and indicate that defective export of these modified nucleoside can have profound consequences for pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Lan Shi
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Fukuda
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takeshi Chujo
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kouwaki
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Tomizawa
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Fan-Yan Wei
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
- Department of Modomics Biology and Medicine, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer, Tohoku University, Miyagi, Japan
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12
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Polonio CM, Peron JPS. ZIKV Infection and miRNA Network in Pathogenesis and Immune Response. Viruses 2021; 13:v13101992. [PMID: 34696422 PMCID: PMC8541119 DOI: 10.3390/v13101992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years, viral infections have caused severe illness in humans. Zika Virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquito vectors that leads to notable neurological impairment, whose most dramatic impact is the Congenital ZIKV Syndrome (CZS). ZIKV targets neuronal precursor cells leading to apoptosis and further impairment of neuronal development, causing microcephaly, lissencephaly, ventriculomegaly, and calcifications. Several regulators of biological processes are involved in CZS development, and in this context, microRNAs (miRNAs) seem to have a fundamental role. miRNAs are important regulators of protein translation, as they form the RISC silencing complex and interact with complementary mRNA target sequences to further post-transcriptional repression. In this context, little is known about their participation in the pathogenesis of viral infections. In this review, we discuss how miRNAs could relate to ZIKV and other flavivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Manganeli Polonio
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-020, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Schatzmann Peron
- Neuroimmune Interactions Laboratory, Department of Immunology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil;
- Laboratory of Neuroimmunology of Arboviruses, Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP (SPPU), University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-020, Brazil
- Immunopathology and Allergy Post Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 01246-000, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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13
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Kayesh MEH, Sanada T, Kohara M, Tsukiyama-Kohara K. Tree Shrew as an Emerging Small Animal Model for Human Viral Infection: A Recent Overview. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081641. [PMID: 34452505 PMCID: PMC8402676 DOI: 10.3390/v13081641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Viral infection is a global public health threat causing millions of deaths. A suitable small animal model is essential for viral pathogenesis and host response studies that could be used in antiviral and vaccine development. The tree shrew (Tupaia belangeri or Tupaia belangeri chinenesis), a squirrel-like non-primate small mammal in the Tupaiidae family, has been reported to be susceptible to important human viral pathogens, including hepatitis viruses (e.g., HBV, HCV), respiratory viruses (influenza viruses, SARS-CoV-2, human adenovirus B), arboviruses (Zika virus and dengue virus), and other viruses (e.g., herpes simplex virus, etc.). The pathogenesis of these viruses is not fully understood due to the lack of an economically feasible suitable small animal model mimicking natural infection of human diseases. The tree shrew model significantly contributes towards a better understanding of the infection and pathogenesis of these important human pathogens, highlighting its potential to be used as a viable viral infection model of human viruses. Therefore, in this review, we summarize updates regarding human viral infection in the tree shrew model, which highlights the potential of the tree shrew to be utilized for human viral infection and pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Department of Microbiology and Public Health, Faculty of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Barishal 8210, Bangladesh
| | - Takahiro Sanada
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Michinori Kohara
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Biology, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Medical Science, Tokyo 156-8506, Japan; (T.S.); (M.K.)
| | - Kyoko Tsukiyama-Kohara
- Transboundary Animal Diseases Centre, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-99-285-3589
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14
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Filgueiras IS, Torrentes de Carvalho A, Cunha DP, Mathias da Fonseca DL, El Khawanky N, Freire PP, Cabral-Miranda G, Schimke LF, Camara NOS, Ochs HD, Peron JPS, Cabral-Marques O, de Vasconcelos ZFM. The clinical spectrum and immunopathological mechanisms underlying ZIKV-induced neurological manifestations. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009575. [PMID: 34351896 PMCID: PMC8341629 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the 2015 to 2016 outbreak in America, Zika virus (ZIKV) infected almost 900,000 patients. This international public health emergency was mainly associated with a significant increase in the number of newborns with congenital microcephaly and abnormal neurologic development, known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Furthermore, Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), a neuroimmune disorder of adults, has also been associated with ZIKV infection. Currently, the number of ZIKV-infected patients has decreased, and most of the cases recently reported present as a mild and self-limiting febrile illness. However, based on its natural history of a typical example of reemerging pathogen and the lack of specific therapeutic options against ZIKV infection, new outbreaks can occur worldwide, demanding the attention of researchers and government authorities. Here, we discuss the clinical spectrum and immunopathological mechanisms underlying ZIKV-induced neurological manifestations. Several studies have confirmed the tropism of ZIKV for neural progenitor stem cells by demonstrating the presence of ZIKV in the central nervous system (CNS) during fetal development, eliciting a deleterious inflammatory response that compromises neurogenesis and brain formation. Of note, while the neuropathology of CZS can be due to a direct viral neuropathic effect, adults may develop neuroimmune manifestations such as GBS due to poorly understood mechanisms. Antiganglioside autoantibodies have been detected in multiple patients with ZIKV infection-associated GBS, suggesting a molecular mimicry. However, further additional immunopathological mechanisms remain to be uncovered, paving the way for new therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Salerno Filgueiras
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda Torrentes de Carvalho
- Department of Immunobiology, Institute of Biology of Federal University of Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Prado Cunha
- Department of Clinical Research, Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Nadia El Khawanky
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, the University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Paula Paccielli Freire
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Cabral-Miranda
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lena F. Schimke
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Niels Olsen Saraiva Camara
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Hans D. Ochs
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine and Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Otávio Cabral-Marques
- Department of Immunology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Clinical Analyses and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy, and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), São Paulo, Brazil
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15
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Crooks CM, Weiler AM, Rybarczyk SL, Bliss MI, Jaeger AS, Murphy ME, Simmons HA, Mejia A, Fritsch MK, Hayes JM, Eickhoff JC, Mitzey AM, Razo E, Braun KM, Brown EA, Yamamoto K, Shepherd PM, Possell A, Weaver K, Antony KM, Morgan TK, Newman CM, Dudley DM, Schultz-Darken N, Peterson E, Katzelnick LC, Balmaseda A, Harris E, O’Connor DH, Mohr EL, Golos TG, Friedrich TC, Aliota MT. Previous exposure to dengue virus is associated with increased Zika virus burden at the maternal-fetal interface in rhesus macaques. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009641. [PMID: 34329306 PMCID: PMC8357128 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Concerns have arisen that pre-existing immunity to dengue virus (DENV) could enhance Zika virus (ZIKV) disease, due to the homology between ZIKV and DENV and the observation of antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) among DENV serotypes. To date, no study has examined the impact of pre-existing DENV immunity on ZIKV pathogenesis during pregnancy in a translational non-human primate model. Here we show that macaques with a prior DENV-2 exposure had a higher burden of ZIKV vRNA in maternal-fetal interface tissues as compared to DENV-naive macaques. However, pre-existing DENV immunity had no detectable impact on ZIKV replication kinetics in maternal plasma, and all pregnancies progressed to term without adverse outcomes or gross fetal abnormalities detectable at delivery. Understanding the risks of ADE to pregnant women worldwide is critical as vaccines against DENV and ZIKV are developed and licensed and as DENV and ZIKV continue to circulate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chelsea M. Crooks
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Sierra L. Rybarczyk
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Mason I. Bliss
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Anna S. Jaeger
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Megan E. Murphy
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andres Mejia
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Michael K. Fritsch
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Hayes
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jens C. Eickhoff
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Mitzey
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elaina Razo
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Katarina M. Braun
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Brown
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Keisuke Yamamoto
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Phoenix M. Shepherd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Amber Possell
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kara Weaver
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Kathleen M. Antony
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Department of Pathology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Christina M. Newman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Nancy Schultz-Darken
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Eric Peterson
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Leah C. Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | | | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Emma L. Mohr
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thaddeus G. Golos
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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16
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Soto-Acosta R, Jung E, Qiu L, Wilson DJ, Geraghty RJ, Chen L. 4,7-Disubstituted 7 H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and Their Analogs as Antiviral Agents against Zika Virus. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26133779. [PMID: 34206327 PMCID: PMC8270260 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26133779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Discovery of compound 1 as a Zika virus (ZIKV) inhibitor has prompted us to investigate its 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine scaffold, revealing structural features that elicit antiviral activity. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that 9H-purine or 1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine can serve as an alternative core structure. Overall, we have identified 4,7-disubstituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their analogs including compounds 1, 8 and 11 as promising antiviral agents against flaviviruses ZIKV and dengue virus (DENV). While the molecular target of these compounds is yet to be elucidated, 4,7-disubstituted 7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines and their analogs are new chemotypes in the design of small molecules against flaviviruses, an important group of human pathogens.
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17
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Alpuche-Lazcano SP, Saliba J, Costa VV, Campolina-Silva GH, Marim FM, Ribeiro LS, Blank V, Mouland AJ, Teixeira MM, Gatignol A. Profound downregulation of neural transcription factor Npas4 and Nr4a family in fetal mice neurons infected with Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009425. [PMID: 34048439 PMCID: PMC8191876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of neurons leads to neurological complications and congenital malformations of the brain of neonates. To date, ZIKV mechanism of infection and pathogenesis is not entirely understood and different studies on gene regulation of ZIKV-infected cells have identified a dysregulation of inflammatory and stem cell maintenance pathways. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are post-transcriptional regulators of cellular genes and they contribute to cell development in normal function and disease. Previous reports with integrative analyses of messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and miRNAs during ZIKV infection have not identified neurological pathway defects. We hypothesized that dysregulation of pathways involved in neurological functions will be identified by RNA profiling of ZIKV-infected fetal neurons. We therefore used microarrays to analyze gene expression levels following ZIKV infection of fetal murine neurons. We observed that the expression levels of transcription factors such as neural PAS domain protein 4 (Npas4) and of three members of the orphan nuclear receptor 4 (Nr4a) were severely decreased after viral infection. We confirmed that their downregulation was at both the mRNA level and at the protein level. The dysregulation of these transcription factors has been previously linked to aberrant neural functions and development. We next examined the miRNA expression profile in infected primary murine neurons by microarray and found that various miRNAs were dysregulated upon ZIKV infection. An integrative analysis of the differentially expressed miRNAs and mRNAs indicated that miR-7013-5p targets Nr4a3 gene. Using miRmimics, we corroborated that miR-7013-5p downregulates Nr4a3 mRNA and protein levels. Our data identify a profound dysregulation of neural transcription factors with an overexpression of miR-7013-5p that results in decreased Nr4a3 expression, likely a main contributor to ZIKV-induced neuronal dysfunction. Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging virus transmitted horizontally between humans through mosquito bites, and sexual intercourse generally inducing a mild disease. ZIKV is also transmitted vertically from mother-to-child producing congenital ZIKV syndrome (CZVS) in neonates. CZVS leads to severe microcephaly associated with neurological, ocular, musculoskeletal, genitourinary disorders and other disabilities. Although numerous studies have been performed on ZIKV infection of brain cells, we are still far from understanding how ZIKV infection leads to dysregulation of host genes, virus-induced cytopathicity and consequent pathology. Micro (mi)RNAs are small noncoding RNAs encoded and processed by the host cell. They regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level in a process called RNA interference (RNAi). Here, we evaluated the relationship between ZIKV infection and the level of mRNAs and miRNAs expressed in the cell. ZIKV infection of mouse embryo neurons downregulated several neural immediate-early genes (IEG). Moreover, we revealed that ZIKV infection led to aberrant regulation of several miRNAs, and identified one whose cognate target was a neural IEG. Our work identifies novel genes and miRNAs that are modulated upon ZIKV infection of fetal murine neurons, therefore linking neuronal dysfunction to transcription and the RNA interference pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio P. Alpuche-Lazcano
- Virus-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Canada
- RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - James Saliba
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Canada
| | - Vivian V. Costa
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Departamento de Morfologia do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Gabriel H. Campolina-Silva
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fernanda M. Marim
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Lucas S. Ribeiro
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Volker Blank
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Physiology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Mouland
- RNA Trafficking Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Mauro M. Teixeira
- Departamento de Bioquimica e Imunologia do Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Anne Gatignol
- Virus-Cell Interactions Laboratory, Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Montréal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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18
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Li Y, Shi S, Xia F, Shan C, Ha Y, Zou J, Adam A, Zhang M, Wang T, Liu H, Shi PY, Zhang W. Zika virus induces neuronal and vascular degeneration in developing mouse retina. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2021; 9:97. [PMID: 34034828 PMCID: PMC8147371 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-021-01195-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne flavivirus, can cause severe eye disease and even blindness in newborns. However, ZIKV-induced retinal lesions have not been studied in a comprehensive way, mechanisms of ZIKV-induced retinal abnormalities are unknown, and no therapeutic intervention is available to treat or minimize the degree of vision loss in patients. Here, we developed a novel mouse model of ZIKV infection to evaluate its impact on retinal structure. ZIKV (20 plaque-forming units) was inoculated into neonatal wild type C57BL/6J mice at postnatal day (P) 0 subcutaneously. Retinas of infected mice and age-matched controls were collected at various ages, and retinal structural alterations were analyzed. We found that ZIKV induced progressive neuronal and vascular damage and retinal inflammation starting from P8. ZIKV-infected retina exhibited dramatically decreased thickness with loss of neurons, initial neovascular tufts followed by vessel dilation and degeneration, increased microglia and leukocyte recruitment and activation, degeneration of astrocyte network and gliosis. The above changes may involve inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated cell apoptosis and necroptosis. Moreover, we evaluated the efficacy of preclinical drugs and the safety of ZIKV vaccine candidate in this mouse model. We found that ZIKV-induced retinal abnormalities could be blocked by a selective flavivirus inhibitor NITD008 and a live-attenuated ZIKV vaccine candidate could potentially induce retinal abnormalities. Overall, we established a novel mouse model and provide a direct causative link between ZIKV and retinal lesion in vivo, which warrants further investigation of the underlying mechanisms of ZIKV-induced retinopathy and the development of effective therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0144 USA
| | - Shuizhen Shi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0144 USA
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0144 USA
| | - Chao Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0144 USA
| | - Yonju Ha
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0144 USA
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0144 USA
| | - Awadalkareem Adam
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Augusta University, Augusta, GA USA
| | - Tian Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0144 USA
- Sealy Center for Vector-Borne and Zoonotic Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0144 USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
| | - Wenbo Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Boulevard, Galveston, TX 77555-0144 USA
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX 77555 USA
- Departments of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX USA
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Andrade CBV, Monteiro VRDS, Coelho SVA, Gomes HR, Sousa RPC, Nascimento VMDO, Bloise FF, Matthews SG, Bloise E, Arruda LB, Ortiga-Carvalho TM. ZIKV Disrupts Placental Ultrastructure and Drug Transporter Expression in Mice. Front Immunol 2021; 12:680246. [PMID: 34093581 PMCID: PMC8176859 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.680246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika virus (ZIKV) infection can induce fetal brain abnormalities. Here, we investigated whether maternal ZIKV infection affects placental physiology and metabolic transport potential and impacts the fetal outcome, regardless of viral presence in the fetus at term. Low (103 PFU-ZIKVPE243; low ZIKV) and high (5x107 PFU-ZIKVPE243; high ZIKV) virus titers were injected into immunocompetent (ICompetent C57BL/6) and immunocompromised (ICompromised A129) mice at gestational day (GD) 12.5 for tissue collection at GD18.5 (term). High ZIKV elicited fetal death rates of 66% and 100%, whereas low ZIKV induced fetal death rates of 0% and 60% in C57BL/6 and A129 dams, respectively. All surviving fetuses exhibited intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and decreased placental efficiency. High-ZIKV infection in C57BL/6 and A129 mice resulted in virus detection in maternal spleens and placenta, but only A129 fetuses presented virus RNA in the brain. Nevertheless, pregnancies in both strains produced fetuses with decreased head sizes (p<0.05). Low-ZIKV-A129 dams had higher IL-6 and CXCL1 levels (p<0.05), and their placentas showed increased CCL-2 and CXCL-1 contents (p<0.05). In contrast, low-ZIKV-C57BL/6 dams had an elevated CCL2 serum level and increased type I and II IFN expression in the placenta. Notably, less abundant microvilli and mitochondrial degeneration were evidenced in the placental labyrinth zone (Lz) of ICompromised and high-ZIKV-ICompetent mice but not in low-ZIKV-C57BL/6 mice. In addition, decreased placental expression of the drug transporters P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and breast cancer resistance protein (Bcrp) and the lipid transporter Abca1 was detected in all ZIKV-infected groups, but Bcrp and Abca1 were only reduced in ICompromised and high-ZIKV ICompetent mice. Our data indicate that gestational ZIKV infection triggers specific proinflammatory responses and affects placental turnover and transporter expression in a manner dependent on virus concentration and maternal immune status. Placental damage may impair proper fetal-maternal exchange function and fetal growth/survival, likely contributing to congenital Zika syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Hanailly Ribeiro Gomes
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ronny Paiva Campos Sousa
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Fonseca Bloise
- Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Stephen Giles Matthews
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Enrrico Bloise
- Department of Morphology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Luciana Barros Arruda
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Góes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Newman CM, Tarantal AF, Martinez ML, Simmons HA, Morgan TK, Zeng X, Rosinski JR, Bliss MI, Bohm EK, Dudley DM, Aliota MT, Friedrich TC, Miller CJ, O’Connor DH. Early Embryonic Loss Following Intravaginal Zika Virus Challenge in Rhesus Macaques. Front Immunol 2021; 12:686437. [PMID: 34079560 PMCID: PMC8165274 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.686437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus (arbovirus) and is primarily transmitted by Aedes species mosquitoes; however, ZIKV can also be sexually transmitted. During the initial epidemic and in places where ZIKV is now considered endemic, it is difficult to disentangle the risks and contributions of sexual versus vector-borne transmission to adverse pregnancy outcomes. To examine the potential impact of sexual transmission of ZIKV on pregnancy outcome, we challenged three rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) three times intravaginally with 1 x 107 PFU of a low passage, African lineage ZIKV isolate (ZIKV-DAK) in the first trimester (~30 days gestational age). Samples were collected from all animals initially on days 3 through 10 post challenge, followed by twice, and then once weekly sample collection; ultrasound examinations were performed every 3-4 days then weekly as pregnancies progressed. All three dams had ZIKV RNA detectable in plasma on day 3 post-ZIKV challenge. At approximately 45 days gestation (17-18 days post-challenge), two of the three dams were found with nonviable embryos by ultrasound. Viral RNA was detected in recovered tissues and at the maternal-fetal interface (MFI) in both cases. The remaining viable pregnancy proceeded to near term (~155 days gestational age) and ZIKV RNA was detected at the MFI but not in fetal tissues. These results suggest that sexual transmission of ZIKV may represent an underappreciated risk of pregnancy loss during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M. Newman
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Alice F. Tarantal
- Pediatrics, Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Michele L. Martinez
- Pediatrics, Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Heather A. Simmons
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Terry K. Morgan
- Pathology, Oregon Health and Sciences University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Xiankun Zeng
- Pathology Division, United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD, United States
| | - Jenna R. Rosinski
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mason I. Bliss
- Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Ellie K. Bohm
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Dawn M. Dudley
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Matthew T. Aliota
- Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, United States
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Christopher J. Miller
- California National Primate Research Center, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
- Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Center for Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of California, Davis, CA, United States
| | - David H. O’Connor
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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21
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Ferreira LL, Aguilar Ticona JP, Silveira-Mattos PS, Arriaga MB, Moscato TB, Conceição GC, dos Santos AC, Costa F, Alves CA, Antonini SR. Clinical and Biochemical Features of Hypopituitarism Among Brazilian Children With Zika Virus-Induced Microcephaly. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e219878. [PMID: 33983398 PMCID: PMC8120328 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.9878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The Zika virus infects progenitor neuron cells, disrupts cerebral development, and, in mice, drives hypothalamic defects. Patients with microcephaly caused by congenital Zika infection present with midline cerebral defects, which may result in hypopituitarism. OBJECTIVE To analyze postnatal growth and the presence of clinical and biochemical features associated with hypopituitarism in children with congenital Zika infections. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS In this prospective cohort study at 2 public referral hospitals in Bahia, Brazil, specializing in the treatment of congenital Zika infection, clinical data and growth parameters of 65 patients with the infection were evaluated. Data were analyzed from April 2017 through July 2018. EXPOSURE Congenital Zika infection. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Length, weight, and head circumference were measured at birth and during follow up (ie, at 27 months of life) for each patient. Basal levels of free thyroxine, thyrotropin, cortisol, corticotropin, prolactin, insulin-like growth factor 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, urine and plasma osmolality, electrolytes, glucose, and insulin were evaluated at the age of 26 months to 28 months. All patients underwent central nervous system computed tomography scans and ophthalmic and otoacoustic evaluations at the time of this investigation or had done so previously. RESULTS Among 65 patients (38 [58.4%] male; median [interquartile range] age at enrollment, 27 [26-28] months), 61 patients presented with severe brain defects (93.8%), including corpus callosum agenesis or hypoplasia (ie, midline brain defects; 25 patients [38.5%]) and optic nerve atrophy (38 patients [58.5%]). Most patients presented with severe neurodevelopmental delay (62 of 64 patients [96.9%]). Past or present clinical signs of hypopituitarism were rare, occurring in 3 patients (4.6%). Severe microcephaly, compared with mild or moderate microcephaly, was associated with a shorter length by median (interquartile range) z score at birth (-1.9 [-2.5 to -1.0] vs -0.3 [-1.0 to 0]; P < .001), but this difference did not persist at 27 months (-1.6 [-2.3 to -0.3] vs -2.9 [-4.0 to -1.2]; P = .06). Growth hormone deficiency or hypothyroidism were not observed in any patients, and glucose and insulin levels were within reference ranges for all patients. Low cortisol levels (ie, below 3.9 µg/dL) were observed in 4 patients (6.2%). These 4 patients presented with low (ie, below 7.2 pg/mL) or inappropriately low (ie, below 30 pg/mL) corticotropin levels. Low corticotropin levels (ie, below 7.2 pg/mL) were observed in 6 patients (9.2%). Diabetes insipidus was evaluated in 21 patients; it was confirmed in 1 patient (4.8%) and suggested in 3 patients (14.3%). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study found that congenital Zika infection with microcephaly was associated with midline brain defects and optic nerve atrophy. Children with congenital Zika infections presented with prenatal growth impairments with a lack of postnatal catch-up, as shown by persistent short length from birth until 27 months; these impairments were not associated with growth hormone deficiency. Patients also presented with severe developmental delay that was not associated with hypothyroidism, while central adrenal insufficiency and diabetes insipidus occurred in some patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leda L. Ferreira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina e Saúde Humana, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Hospital University Hospital Professor Edgard Santos, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juan P. Aguilar Ticona
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Paulo S. Silveira-Mattos
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - María B. Arriaga
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Thaisa B. Moscato
- Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Antonio Carlos dos Santos
- Department of Medical Imaging, Hematology and Oncology, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Federico Costa
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Crésio A.D. Alves
- Faculdade de Medicina da Bahia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Sonir R. Antonini
- Department of Pediatrics, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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22
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Sheng Z, Gao N, Fan D, Wu N, Zhang Y, Han D, Zhang Y, Tan W, Wang P, An J. Zika virus disrupts the barrier structure and Absorption/Secretion functions of the epididymis in mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009211. [PMID: 33667230 PMCID: PMC7968736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have demonstrated that Zika virus (ZIKV) damages testis and leads to infertility in mice; however, the infection in the epididymis, another important organ of male reproductive health, has gained less attention. Previously, we detected lesions in the epididymis in interferon type I and II receptor knockout male mice during ZIKV infection. Herein, the pathogenesis of ZIKV in the epididymis was further assessed in the infected mice after footpad inoculation. ZIKV efficiently replicated in the epididymis, and principal cells were susceptible to ZIKV. ZIKV infection disrupted the histomorphology of the epididymis, and the effects were characterized by a decrease in the thickness of the epithelial layer and an increase in the luminal diameter, especially at the proximal end. Significant inflammatory cell infiltration was observed in the epididymis accompanied by an increase in the levels of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-28. The expression of tight junction proteins was downregulated and associated with disordered arrangement of the junctions. Importantly, the expression levels of aquaporin 1 and lipocalin 8, indicators of the absorption and secretion functions of the epididymis, were markedly reduced, and the proteins were redistributed. These events synergistically altered the microenvironment for sperm maturation, disturbed sperm transport downstream, and may impact male reproductive health. Overall, these results provide new insights into the pathogenesis of the male reproductive damage caused by ZIKV infection and the possible contribution of epididymal injury into this process. Therefore, male fertility of the population in areas of ZIKV epidemic requires additional attention. Unlike other mosquito-transmitted flaviviruses, ZIKV can persistently replicate in the male reproductive system and is sexually transmitted. ZIKV infection was reported to damage testis. However, ZIKV-induced epididymal injury was not investigated in detail. Clinically, epididymitis is closely associated with male infertility. In this study, a mouse model was used to demonstrate that ZIKV causes histomorphological and functional changes in the epididymis, which may alter the microenvironment of sperm maturation and movement and finally lead to male infertility. Therefore, long-term investigation of male reproductive health may be needed in the areas of ZIKV epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Sheng
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Gao
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dongying Fan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Daishu Han
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, School of Basic Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weilong Tan
- Huadong Research Institute for Medicine and Biotechnics, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Peigang Wang
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PW); (JA)
| | - Jing An
- Department of Microbiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Center of Epilepsy, Beijing Institute for Brain Disorders, Beijing, China
- * E-mail: (PW); (JA)
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23
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Abstract
A high-throughput drug screen identifies potentially promising therapeutics for clinical trials. However, limitations that persist in current disease modeling with limited physiological relevancy of human patients skew drug responses, hamper translation of clinical efficacy, and contribute to high clinical attritions. The emergence of induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology revolutionizes the paradigm of drug discovery. In particular, iPSC-based three-dimensional (3D) tissue engineering that appears as a promising vehicle of in vitro disease modeling provides more sophisticated tissue architectures and micro-environmental cues than a traditional two-dimensional (2D) culture. Here we discuss 3D based organoids/spheroids that construct the advanced modeling with evolved structural complexity, which propels drug discovery by exhibiting more human specific and diverse pathologies that are not perceived in 2D or animal models. We will then focus on various central nerve system (CNS) disease modeling using human iPSCs, leading to uncovering disease pathogenesis that guides the development of therapeutic strategies. Finally, we will address new opportunities of iPSC-assisted drug discovery with multi-disciplinary approaches from bioengineering to Omics technology. Despite technological challenges, iPSC-derived cytoarchitectures through interactions of diverse cell types mimic patients' CNS and serve as a platform for therapeutic development and personalized precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Qian
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Julia TCW
- Nash Family Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- Ronald Loeb Center for Alzheimer’s Disease, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
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24
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Leal MC, Seabra Ramos D, Pinto Bezerra T, Vilela AESC, Maciel RJDF, Rodrigues M, Lira M, Cavalcanti KPDS, Van der Linden V, Cordeiro MT, Miranda-Filho D, Ximenes R, Brickley EB, Caldas SS. The Prevalence of Adenoid Hypertrophy among Children with Zika Related Microcephaly. Viruses 2021; 13:62. [PMID: 33466404 PMCID: PMC7824820 DOI: 10.3390/v13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Upper respiratory obstruction is a common sequela in children with Zika-related microcephaly (ZRM). As a cross-sectional analysis nested in a cohort study, this study aims to investigate the prevalence of adenoid hypertrophy (AH) in children with ZRM and symptoms of respiratory obstruction. The data were collected in the first three years of life from children with ZRM who were followed in two reference centers for otorhinolaryngological care of patients with congenital Zika syndrome. Out of 92 children with confirmed ZRM, 57 were evaluated by nasopharyngoscopy after presenting with upper respiratory obstruction symptoms. In this study, 31 of the 57 (54%) children with ZRM who were evaluated had obstructive AH. Thirteen children with obstructive AH were submitted to surgery, which resulted in the complete resolution of symptoms for 11, partial resolution in 1, and no improvement in 1. No evidence of direct involvement by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection in the adenoid tissues was demonstrated by histology or immunohistochemistry. Our results suggest that there is a high prevalence and early presentation of AH in children with ZRM, with consequent upper airway obstruction causing upper airway obstructive disorder, secretory otitis media, and dysphagia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C. Leal
- Surgery Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (D.S.R.); (T.P.B.); (R.J.d.F.M.); (M.R.); (R.X.); (S.S.C.)
- Agamenon Magalhães Hospital, Recife 52070-230, Brazil;
| | - Danielle Seabra Ramos
- Surgery Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (D.S.R.); (T.P.B.); (R.J.d.F.M.); (M.R.); (R.X.); (S.S.C.)
- Medicine Department, Catholic University of Pernambuco, Recife 50050-900, Brazil
| | - Thiago Pinto Bezerra
- Surgery Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (D.S.R.); (T.P.B.); (R.J.d.F.M.); (M.R.); (R.X.); (S.S.C.)
| | | | - Rebeka Jacques de F. Maciel
- Surgery Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (D.S.R.); (T.P.B.); (R.J.d.F.M.); (M.R.); (R.X.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Mirella Rodrigues
- Surgery Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (D.S.R.); (T.P.B.); (R.J.d.F.M.); (M.R.); (R.X.); (S.S.C.)
| | - Mariana Lira
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-900, Brazil; (M.L.); (K.P.d.S.C.)
| | - Karen Pena de Souza Cavalcanti
- Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-900, Brazil; (M.L.); (K.P.d.S.C.)
- Immunopathology Laboratory Keizo Asami, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | | | - Marli T. Cordeiro
- Barão de Lucena Hospital, Recife 50731-000, Brazil; (V.V.d.L.); (M.T.C.)
| | | | - Ricardo Ximenes
- Surgery Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (D.S.R.); (T.P.B.); (R.J.d.F.M.); (M.R.); (R.X.); (S.S.C.)
| | | | - Silvio S. Caldas
- Surgery Department, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil; (D.S.R.); (T.P.B.); (R.J.d.F.M.); (M.R.); (R.X.); (S.S.C.)
- Oswaldo Cruz University Hospital, University of Pernambuco, Recife 50100-130, Brazil;
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25
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Souza JP, Méio MDBB, de Andrade LM, Figueiredo MR, Gomes Junior SC, Pereira Junior JP, Brickley E, Lopes Moreira ME. Adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes in pregnancies with confirmed Zika Virus infection in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: A cohort study. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0008893. [PMID: 33395421 PMCID: PMC7781387 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To analyze adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes of Zika virus infection by the timing of infection during pregnancy. Method: Cohort study of 190 pregnancies with 193 offspring with a positive RT-PCR test for Zika virus (March/2016 to April/2017). RESULTS Death or defects related to congenital Zika virus infection were identified in 37.3% of fetuses and newborns, and microcephaly in 21.4% of the newborns. The proportion of small for gestational age newborns was 21.9%. Maternal symptoms in the first trimester were significantly associated with the birth of newborns with microcephaly/cerebral atrophy, small for gestational age and with the deaths (one abortion, one stillbirth and the two neonatal deaths). Maternal infection during the second trimester was further associated with asymptomatic newborns at birth. The study showed that 58.5% of the offspring with microcephaly and / or cortical atrophy were small for gestational age, with an evident decrease in symptomatic offspring without microcephaly, 24.1%, and with only 9.1% in the asymptomatic group. CONCLUSION This study showed that the earlier the symptoms appear during gestation, the more severe the endpoints. We found a higher percentage of small for gestational age newborns exposed to Zika virus early in gestation. We also found a group of apparently asymptomatic newborns with proven Zika infection, which highlights the importance of follow up studies in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana P. Souza
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira–IFF/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz–Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Dalva B. B. Méio
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira–IFF/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz–Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Laura Medeiros de Andrade
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira–IFF/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz–Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mirza R. Figueiredo
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira–IFF/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz–Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Saint Clair Gomes Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira–IFF/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz–Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jose Paulo Pereira Junior
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira–IFF/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz–Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Elizabeth Brickley
- Assistant Professor of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population, London School Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira–IFF/Fundação Oswaldo Cruz–Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Lee JK, Kim JA, Oh SJ, Lee EW, Shin OS. Zika Virus Induces Tumor Necrosis Factor-Related Apoptosis Inducing Ligand (TRAIL)-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Neural Progenitor Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112487. [PMID: 33207682 PMCID: PMC7697661 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) remains as a public health threat due to the congenital birth defects the virus causes following infection of pregnant women. Congenital microcephaly is among the neurodevelopmental disorders the virus can cause in newborns, and this defect has been associated with ZIKV-mediated cytopathic effects in human neural progenitor cells (hNPCs). In this study, we investigated the cellular changes that occur in hNPCs in response to ZIKV (African and Asian lineages)-induced cytopathic effects. Transmission electron microscopy showed the progress of cell death as well as the formation of numerous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of ZIKV-infected hNPCs. Infection with both African and Asian lineages of ZIKV induced apoptosis, as demonstrated by the increased activation of caspase 3/7, 8, and 9. Increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines (IL-6, IL-8, IL-1β) were also detected in ZIKV-infected hNPCs, while z-VAD-fmk-induced inhibition of cell death suppressed ZIKV-mediated cytokine production in a dose-dependent manner. ZIKV-infected hNPCs also displayed significantly elevated gene expression levels of the pro-apoptotic Bcl2-mediated family, in particular, tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL). Furthermore, TRAIL signaling led to augmented ZIKV-mediated cell death and the knockdown of TRAIL-mediated signaling adaptor, FADD, resulted in enhanced ZIKV replication. In conclusion, our findings provide cellular insights into the cytopathic effects induced by ZIKV infection of hNPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae Kyung Lee
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.K.L.); (J.-A.K.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Ji-Ae Kim
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.K.L.); (J.-A.K.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Soo-Jin Oh
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.K.L.); (J.-A.K.); (S.-J.O.)
| | - Eun-Woo Lee
- Metabolic Regulation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon 34141, Korea
- Correspondence: (E.-W.L.); (O.S.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4294 (E.-W.L.); +82-2-2626-3280 (O.S.S.)
| | - Ok Sarah Shin
- BK21 Graduate Program, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul 08308, Korea; (J.K.L.); (J.-A.K.); (S.-J.O.)
- Correspondence: (E.-W.L.); (O.S.S.); Tel.: +82-42-860-4294 (E.-W.L.); +82-2-2626-3280 (O.S.S.)
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27
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Pomar L, Lambert V, Madec Y, Vouga M, Pomar C, Matheus S, Fontanet A, Panchaud A, Carles G, Baud D. Placental infection by Zika virus in French Guiana. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2020; 56:740-748. [PMID: 31773804 DOI: 10.1002/uog.21936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe placental findings on prenatal ultrasound and anatomopathological examination in women with Zika virus (ZIKV) infection, and to assess their association with congenital ZIKV infection and severe adverse outcome, defined as fetal loss or congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). METHODS This was a prospective study of pregnancies undergoing testing for maternal ZIKV infection at a center in French Guiana during the ZIKV epidemic. In ZIKV-positive women, congenital infection was defined as either a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction result or identification of ZIKV-specific immunoglobulin-M in at least one placental, fetal or neonatal sample. Placental ZIKV-infection status was classified as non-exposed (placentae from non-infected women), exposed (placentae from ZIKV-infected women without congenital infection) or infected (placentae from ZIKV-infected women with proven congenital infection). Placentae were assessed by monthly prenatal ultrasound examinations, measuring placental thickness and umbilical artery Doppler parameters, and by anatomopathological examination after live birth or intrauterine death in women with ZIKV infection. The association of placental thickness during pregnancy and anatomopathological findings with the ZIKV status of the placenta was assessed. The association between placental findings and severe adverse outcome (CZS or fetal loss) in the infected group was also assessed. RESULTS Among 291 fetuses/neonates/placentae from women with proven ZIKV infection, congenital infection was confirmed in 76 cases, of which 16 resulted in CZS and 11 resulted in fetal loss. The 215 remaining placentae from ZIKV-positive women without evidence of congenital ZIKV infection represented the exposed group. A total of 334 placentae from ZIKV-negative pregnant women represented the non-exposed control group. Placentomegaly (placental thickness > 40 mm) was observed more frequently in infected placentae (39.5%) than in exposed placentae (17.2%) or controls (7.2%), even when adjusting for gestational age at diagnosis and comorbidities (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), 2.02 (95% CI, 1.22-3.36) and aHR, 3.23 (95% CI, 1.86-5.61), respectively), and appeared earlier in infected placentae. In the infected group, placentomegaly was observed more frequently in cases of CZS (62.5%) or fetal loss (45.5%) than in those with asymptomatic congenital infection (30.6%) (aHR, 5.43 (95% CI, 2.17-13.56) and aHR, 4.95 (95% CI, 1.65-14.83), respectively). Abnormal umbilical artery Doppler was observed more frequently in cases of congenital infection resulting in fetal loss than in those with asymptomatic congenital infection (30.0% vs 6.1%; adjusted relative risk (aRR), 4.83 (95% CI, 1.09-20.64)). Infected placentae also exhibited a higher risk for any pathological anomaly than did exposed placentae (62.8% vs 21.6%; aRR, 2.60 (95% CI, 1.40-4.83)). CONCLUSIONS Early placentomegaly may represent the first sign of congenital infection in ZIKV-infected women, and should prompt enhanced follow-up of these pregnancies. Copyright © 2019 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pomar
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department 'Femme-Mère-Enfant', University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, France
| | - V Lambert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, France
| | - Y Madec
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - M Vouga
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department 'Femme-Mère-Enfant', University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Pomar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, France
| | - S Matheus
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Center for Arboviruses, Institut Pasteur, Cayenne; Environment and Infections Risks Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - A Fontanet
- Emerging Diseases Epidemiology Unit, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- PACRI Unit, Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, France
| | - A Panchaud
- Service of Pharmacy, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Institute of Primary Health Care, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G Carles
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Centre Hospitalier de l'Ouest Guyanais Franck Joly, Saint-Laurent-du-Maroni, France
| | - D Baud
- Materno-fetal and Obstetrics Research Unit, Department 'Femme-Mère-Enfant', University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
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28
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Quilião ME, Venancio FA, Mareto LK, Metzker SDA, do Nascimento AI, Vitorelli-Venancio DC, Santos-Pinto CDB, de Oliveira EF. Neurological Development, Epilepsy, and the Pharmacotherapy Approach in Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome: Results from a Two-Year Follow-up Study. Viruses 2020; 12:v12101083. [PMID: 32992985 PMCID: PMC7601787 DOI: 10.3390/v12101083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical outcomes related to congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) include microcephaly accompanied by specific brain injuries. Among several CZS outcomes that have been described, epilepsy and motor impairments are present in most cases. Pharmacological treatment for seizures resulting from epilepsy is performed with anticonvulsant drugs, which in the long term are related to impairments in the child's neuropsychomotor development. Here, we describe the results from a two-year follow-up of a cohort of children diagnosed with CZS related to the growth of the head circumference and some neurological and motor outcomes, including the pharmacological approach, and its results in the treatment of epileptic seizures. This paper is part of a prospective cohort study carried out in the state of Mato Grosso Sul, Brazil, based on a Zika virus (ZIKV)-exposed child population. Our data were focused on the assessment of head circumference growth and some neurological and motor findings, including the description of seizure conditions and pharmacological management in two periods. Among the 11 children evaluated, 8 had severe microcephaly associated with motor impairment and/or epilepsy. Seven children were diagnosed with epilepsy. Of these, 3 had West syndrome. In four children with other forms of epilepsy, there was no pharmacological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Eulina Quilião
- Centro Especializado em Reabilitação, Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais, Campo Grande 79050-140, Brazil;
| | - Fabio Antonio Venancio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (F.A.V.); (D.C.V.-V.)
| | - Lisany Krug Mareto
- Instituto Integrado de Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.K.M.); (C.D.B.S.-P.)
| | - Sahra de Almeida Metzker
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Ana Isabel do Nascimento
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Alimentos e Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Daniele Cristina Vitorelli-Venancio
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (F.A.V.); (D.C.V.-V.)
| | - Cláudia Du Bocage Santos-Pinto
- Instituto Integrado de Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.K.M.); (C.D.B.S.-P.)
| | - Everton Falcão de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (F.A.V.); (D.C.V.-V.)
- Instituto Integrado de Saúde, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil; (L.K.M.); (C.D.B.S.-P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7403
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29
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Legros V, Jeannin P, Burlaud-Gaillard J, Chaze T, Gianetto QG, Butler-Browne G, Mouly V, Zoladek J, Afonso PV, Gonzàlez MN, Matondo M, Riederer I, Roingeard P, Gessain A, Choumet V, Ceccaldi PE. Differentiation-dependent susceptibility of human muscle cells to Zika virus infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008282. [PMID: 32817655 PMCID: PMC7508361 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle cells are potential targets of many arboviruses, such as Ross River, Dengue, Sindbis, and chikungunya viruses, that may be involved in the physiopathological course of the infection. During the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV), myalgia was one of the most frequently reported symptoms. We investigated the susceptibility of human muscle cells to ZIKV infection. Using an in vitro model of human primary myoblasts that can be differentiated into myotubes, we found that myoblasts can be productively infected by ZIKV. In contrast, myotubes were shown to be resistant to ZIKV infection, suggesting a differentiation-dependent susceptibility. Infection was accompanied by a caspase-independent cytopathic effect, associated with paraptosis-like cytoplasmic vacuolization. Proteomic profiling was performed 24h and 48h post-infection in cells infected with two different isolates. Proteome changes indicate that ZIKV infection induces an upregulation of proteins involved in the activation of the Interferon type I pathway, and a downregulation of protein synthesis. This work constitutes the first observation of primary human muscle cells susceptibility to ZIKV infection, and differentiation-dependent restriction of infection from myoblasts to myotubes. Since myoblasts constitute the reservoir of stem cells involved in reparation/regeneration in muscle tissue, the infection of muscle cells and the viral-induced alterations observed here could have consequences in ZIKV infection pathogenesis. Muscle cells are potential targets of many arboviruses, such as Ross River, Dengue, Sindbis, and chikungunya viruses, and may be involved in the disease manifestation. During the recent outbreak of Zika virus (ZIKV), myalgia was one of the most frequently reported symptoms. We investigated the susceptibility of human muscle cells to ZIKV infection. Using an in vitro model of human muscle stem cells (myoblasts) that can be differentiated into differentiated muscle cells (myotubes), we found that myoblasts can be infected by ZIKV. In contrast, myotubes were shown to be resistant to ZIKV infection. Infection induced the death of infected cells. Protein levels 24h and 48h post-infection indicate that ZIKV infection induces an upregulation of proteins involved in the activation of the Interferon type I pathway, and a downregulation of protein synthesis. This work constitutes the first observation of primary human muscle cells susceptibility to ZIKV infection, muscle stem cells being susceptible while differentiated muscle cells are resistant. Since myoblasts constitute the reservoir of stem cells involved in reparation/regeneration in muscle tissue, the infection of muscle cells and the viral-induced alterations observed here could have consequences during ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Legros
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Patricia Jeannin
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Julien Burlaud-Gaillard
- INSERM U1259 & Plate Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université François Rabelais and CHRU, Tours, France
| | - Thibault Chaze
- Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, USR 2000 IP CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Quentin Giai Gianetto
- Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, USR 2000 IP CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics Hub, C3BI, USR 3756 IP CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Gillian Butler-Browne
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Paris, France
| | - Vincent Mouly
- Sorbonne Université, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Association Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, UMRS974, Paris, France
| | - Jim Zoladek
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Philippe V. Afonso
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Mariela-Natacha Gonzàlez
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Mariette Matondo
- Proteomics Platform, Mass Spectrometry for Biology Unit, USR 2000 IP CNRS, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Ingo Riederer
- Laboratory on Thymus Research, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Brazilian National Institute of Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation (INCT-NIM), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Philippe Roingeard
- INSERM U1259 & Plate Forme IBiSA de Microscopie Electronique, Université François Rabelais and CHRU, Tours, France
| | - Antoine Gessain
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Choumet
- Unité Environnement et Risques Infectieux, Département de santé globale, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (VC); (PEC)
| | - Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi
- Unité Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes, Département de virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- UMR CNRS 3569, Paris, France
- * E-mail: (VC); (PEC)
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30
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Yuan S, Chu H, Huang J, Zhao X, Ye ZW, Lai PM, Wen L, Cai JP, Mo Y, Cao J, Liang R, Poon VKM, Sze KH, Zhou J, To KKW, Chen Z, Chen H, Jin DY, Chan JFW, Yuen KY. Viruses harness YxxØ motif to interact with host AP2M1 for replication: A vulnerable broad-spectrum antiviral target. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba7910. [PMID: 32923629 PMCID: PMC7455044 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba7910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Targeting a universal host protein exploited by most viruses would be a game-changing strategy that offers broad-spectrum solution and rapid pandemic control including the current COVID-19. Here, we found a common YxxØ-motif of multiple viruses that exploits host AP2M1 for intracellular trafficking. A library chemical, N-(p-amylcinnamoyl)anthranilic acid (ACA), was identified to interrupt AP2M1-virus interaction and exhibit potent antiviral efficacy against a number of viruses in vitro and in vivo, including the influenza A viruses (IAVs), Zika virus (ZIKV), human immunodeficiency virus, and coronaviruses including MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. YxxØ mutation, AP2M1 depletion, or disruption by ACA causes incorrect localization of viral proteins, which is exemplified by the failure of nuclear import of IAV nucleoprotein and diminished endoplasmic reticulum localization of ZIKV-NS3 and enterovirus-A71-2C proteins, thereby suppressing viral replication. Our study reveals an evolutionarily conserved mechanism of protein-protein interaction between host and virus that can serve as a broad-spectrum antiviral target.
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MESH Headings
- A549 Cells
- Adaptor Proteins, Vesicular Transport/metabolism
- Animals
- Antiviral Agents/pharmacology
- Betacoronavirus/drug effects
- Binding Sites/genetics
- COVID-19
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Chlorocebus aethiops
- Cinnamates/pharmacology
- Coronavirus Infections/drug therapy
- Coronavirus Infections/pathology
- Dogs
- HEK293 Cells
- HIV Infections/drug therapy
- HIV Infections/pathology
- HIV-1/drug effects
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/drug effects
- Humans
- Influenza A virus/drug effects
- Influenza, Human/drug therapy
- Influenza, Human/pathology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus/drug effects
- Pandemics
- Pneumonia, Viral/drug therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/pathology
- Protein Binding/genetics
- Protein Transport/drug effects
- RNA, Viral/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- SARS-CoV-2
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1/metabolism
- Vero Cells
- Virus Replication/drug effects
- Zika Virus/drug effects
- Zika Virus Infection/pathology
- ortho-Aminobenzoates/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuofeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hin Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jingjing Huang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zi-Wei Ye
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Pok-Man Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Lei Wen
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jian-Piao Cai
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Yufei Mo
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jianli Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Ronghui Liang
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Vincent Kwok-Man Poon
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Kong-Hung Sze
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kelvin Kai-Wang To
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Zhiwei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- AIDS Institute, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Honglin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong-Yan Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Kwok-Yung Yuen
- State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infection Control, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Microbiology, Queen Mary Hospital, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Hainan Medical University-The University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Tropical Infectious Diseases, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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31
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Leier HC, Weinstein JB, Kyle JE, Lee JY, Bramer LM, Stratton KG, Kempthorne D, Navratil AR, Tafesse EG, Hornemann T, Messer WB, Dennis EA, Metz TO, Barklis E, Tafesse FG. A global lipid map defines a network essential for Zika virus replication. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3652. [PMID: 32694525 PMCID: PMC7374707 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17433-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), an arbovirus of global concern, remodels intracellular membranes to form replication sites. How ZIKV dysregulates lipid networks to allow this, and consequences for disease, is poorly understood. Here, we perform comprehensive lipidomics to create a lipid network map during ZIKV infection. We find that ZIKV significantly alters host lipid composition, with the most striking changes seen within subclasses of sphingolipids. Ectopic expression of ZIKV NS4B protein results in similar changes, demonstrating a role for NS4B in modulating sphingolipid pathways. Disruption of sphingolipid biosynthesis in various cell types, including human neural progenitor cells, blocks ZIKV infection. Additionally, the sphingolipid ceramide redistributes to ZIKV replication sites, and increasing ceramide levels by multiple pathways sensitizes cells to ZIKV infection. Thus, we identify a sphingolipid metabolic network with a critical role in ZIKV replication and show that ceramide flux is a key mediator of ZIKV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans C Leier
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jules B Weinstein
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Jennifer E Kyle
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Joon-Yong Lee
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Lisa M Bramer
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Kelly G Stratton
- Computing and Analytics Division, National Security Directorate, PNNL, Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Douglas Kempthorne
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Center for Diversity and Inclusion, OHSU, Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Aaron R Navratil
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Endale G Tafesse
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Thorsten Hornemann
- University Zurich and University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, 8091, Switzerland
| | - William B Messer
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, OHSU, Portland, Oregon, 97239, USA
| | - Edward A Dennis
- Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Thomas O Metz
- Biological Sciences Division, Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA, 99352, USA
| | - Eric Barklis
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA
| | - Fikadu G Tafesse
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, Oregon Health & Science University (OHSU), Portland, OR, 97239, USA.
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32
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Glover K, Coombs KM. ZIKV Infection Induces DNA Damage Response and Alters the Proteome of Gastrointestinal Cells. Viruses 2020; 12:v12070771. [PMID: 32708879 PMCID: PMC7412063 DOI: 10.3390/v12070771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic virus that causes congenital abnormalities in babies when they are infected in utero. Some studies have reported these congenital abnormalities result from ZIKV attacking neural progenitor cells within the brain which differentiate into neurons, oligodendrocytes, and astrocytes. Each of these glial cells play important roles during development of the fetal brain. In addition to ZIKV-induced congenital abnormalities, infected patients experience gastrointestinal complications. There are presently no reports investigating the role of this virus at the proteomic level in gastrointestinal associated cells, so we conducted an in vitro proteomic study of ZIKV-induced changes in Caco-2, a colon-derived human cell line which is known to be permissive to ZIKV infection. We used SomaScan, a new aptamer-based proteomic tool to identify host proteins that are dysregulated during ZIKV infection at 12, 24, and 48 h post-infection. Bioinformatic analyses predicted that dysregulation of differentially-regulated host proteins results in various gastrointestinal diseases. Validation of the clinical relevance of these promising protein targets will add to the existing knowledge of ZIKV biology. These potential proteins may be useful targets towards the development of therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen Glover
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
| | - Kevin M. Coombs
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, Room 799, University of Manitoba, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada;
- Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Room 513, John Buhler Research Centre, 715 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P4, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-204-789-3976
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33
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Xu P, Shan C, Dunn TJ, Xie X, Xia H, Gao J, Allende Labastida J, Zou J, Villarreal PP, Schlagal CR, Yu Y, Vargas G, Rossi SL, Vasilakis N, Shi PY, Weaver SC, Wu P. Role of microglia in the dissemination of Zika virus from mother to fetal brain. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008413. [PMID: 32628667 PMCID: PMC7365479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreaks and their link to microcephaly have raised major public health concerns. However, the mechanism of maternal-fetal transmission remains largely unknown. In this study, we determined the role of yolk sac (YS) microglial progenitors in a mouse model of ZIKV vertical transmission. We found that embryonic (E) days 6.5-E8.5 were a critical window for ZIKV infection that resulted in fetal demise and microcephaly, and YS microglial progenitors were susceptible to ZIKV infection. Ablation of YS microglial progenitors significantly reduced the viral load in both the YS and the embryonic brain. Taken together, these results support the hypothesis that YS microglial progenitors serve as “Trojan horses,” contributing to ZIKV fetal brain dissemination and congenital brain defects. ZIKV is more likely to cause fetal demise and brain malformations when the mother is infected at an early stage of pregnancy, which is the critical time window when a special type of immune cells called microglia appear in the YS and migrate to the fetal brain. YS-derived microglia are susceptible to ZIKV infection and can act as “Trojan horses” to bring ZIKV from the mother to the fetal brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Xu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Chao Shan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Tiffany J. Dunn
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Xuping Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Hongjie Xia
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Junling Gao
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Javier Allende Labastida
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jing Zou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Paula P. Villarreal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Caitlin R. Schlagal
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Yongjia Yu
- Department of Radiology and Oncology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shannan L. Rossi
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Nikolaos Vasilakis
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Pei-Yong Shi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Scott C. Weaver
- Institute for Human Infections and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- World Reference Center for Emerging Viruses and Arboviruses, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SCW); (PW)
| | - Ping Wu
- Department of Neuroscience, Cell Biology and Anatomy, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail: (SCW); (PW)
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34
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Estofolete CF, Milhim BHGA, Zini N, Scamardi SN, Selvante JD, Vasilakis N, Nogueira ML. Flavivirus Infection Associated with Cerebrovascular Events. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060671. [PMID: 32580374 PMCID: PMC7354470 DOI: 10.3390/v12060671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthropod-borne viruses (arboviruses) of the genus Flavivirus are distributed globally and cause significant human disease and mortality annually. Flavivirus infections present a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to severe manifestations, including hemorrhage, encephalitis and death. Herein, we describe 3 case reports of cerebrovascular involvement in patients infected by dengue and Zika viruses in Sao Jose do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil, a hyperendemic area for arbovirus circulation, including dengue, yellow fever, chikungunya and Saint Louis encephalitis viruses. Our findings highlight the potential threat that unusual clinical manifestations may pose to arbovirus disease management and recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cássia F Estofolete
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Bruno H G A Milhim
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Zini
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Samuel N Scamardi
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Joana D'Arc Selvante
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
| | - Nikos Vasilakis
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0609, USA
- Institute for Human Infection and Immunity, University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd., Galveston, TX 77555-0610, USA
| | - Maurício L Nogueira
- Department of Infectious, Dermatological and Parasitic Infections, Sao Jose do Rio Preto Medical School, Sao Jose do Rio Preto 15090-000, Brazil
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35
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Aguiar RS, Pohl F, Morais GL, Nogueira FCS, Carvalho JB, Guida L, Arge LWP, Melo A, Moreira MEL, Cunha DP, Gomes L, Portari EA, Velasquez E, Melani RD, Pezzuto P, de Castro FL, Geddes VEV, Gerber AL, Azevedo GS, Schamber-Reis BL, Gonçalves AL, Junqueira-de-Azevedo I, Nishiyama MY, Ho PL, Schanoski AS, Schuch V, Tanuri A, Chimelli L, Vasconcelos ZFM, Domont GB, Vasconcelos ATR, Nakaya HI. Molecular alterations in the extracellular matrix in the brains of newborns with congenital Zika syndrome. Sci Signal 2020; 13:eaay6736. [PMID: 32518143 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aay6736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy can cause a set of severe abnormalities in the fetus known as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Experiments with animal models and in vitro systems have substantially contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of ZIKV infection. Here, to investigate the molecular basis of CZS in humans, we used a systems biology approach to integrate transcriptomic, proteomic, and genomic data from the postmortem brains of neonates with CZS. We observed that collagens were greatly reduced in expression in CZS brains at both the RNA and protein levels and that neonates with CZS had several single-nucleotide polymorphisms in collagen-encoding genes that are associated with osteogenesis imperfecta and arthrogryposis. These findings were validated by immunohistochemistry and comparative analysis of collagen abundance in ZIKV-infected and uninfected samples. In addition, we showed a ZIKV-dependent increase in the expression of cell adhesion factors that are essential for neurite outgrowth and axon guidance, findings that are consistent with the neuronal migration defects observed in CZS. Together, these findings provide insights into the underlying molecular alterations in the ZIKV-infected brain and reveal host genes associated with CZS susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato S Aguiar
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Geral, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Fabio Pohl
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L Morais
- National Laboratory of Scientific Computation, LNCC/MCTI, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Fabio C S Nogueira
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Proteomics, LADETEC, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joseane B Carvalho
- National Laboratory of Scientific Computation, LNCC/MCTI, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Letícia Guida
- Fernandes Figueira Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis W P Arge
- National Laboratory of Scientific Computation, LNCC/MCTI, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Adriana Melo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Amorim Neto, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | | | - Daniela P Cunha
- Fernandes Figueira Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gomes
- Fernandes Figueira Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Erika Velasquez
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael D Melani
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Pezzuto
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda L de Castro
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Victor E V Geddes
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alexandra L Gerber
- National Laboratory of Scientific Computation, LNCC/MCTI, Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Girlene S Azevedo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Amorim Neto, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Bruno L Schamber-Reis
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Campina Grande, Núcleo de Genética Médica, Centro Universitário UniFacisa, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Alessandro L Gonçalves
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Milton Y Nishiyama
- Special Laboratory for Applied Toxinology, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo L Ho
- Bacteriology Laboratory, Butantan Institute, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Viviane Schuch
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leila Chimelli
- Laboratório de Neuropatologia, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | | | - Gilberto B Domont
- Proteomics Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Ana T R Vasconcelos
- National Laboratory of Scientific Computation, LNCC/MCTI, Petrópolis, Brazil.
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Clinical and Toxicological Analyses, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
- Scientific Platform Pasteur-USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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36
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Karuppan MKM, Ojha CR, Rodriguez M, Lapierre J, Aman MJ, Kashanchi F, Toborek M, Nair M, El-Hage N. Reduced-Beclin1-Expressing Mice Infected with Zika-R103451 and Viral-Associated Pathology during Pregnancy. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060608. [PMID: 32498399 PMCID: PMC7354588 DOI: 10.3390/v12060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we used a mouse model with defective autophagy to further decipher the role of Beclin1 in the infection and disease of Zika virus (ZIKV)-R103451. Hemizygous (Becn1+/−) and wild-type (Becn1+/+) pregnant mice were transiently immunocompromised using the anti-interferon alpha/beta receptor subunit 1 monoclonal antibody MAR1-5A3. Despite a low mortality rate among the infected dams, 25% of Becn1+/− offspring were smaller in size and had smaller, underdeveloped brains. This phenotype became apparent after 2-to 3-weeks post-birth. Furthermore, the smaller-sized pups showed a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and the expression levels of several microcephaly associated genes, when compared to their typical-sized siblings. Neuronal loss was also noticeable in brain tissues that were removed postmortem. Further analysis with murine mixed glia, derived from ZIKV-infected Becn1+/− and Becn1+/+ pups, showed greater infectivity in glia derived from the Becn1+/− genotype, along with a significant increase in pro-inflammatory molecules. In the present study, we identified a link by which defective autophagy is causally related to increased inflammatory molecules, reduced growth factor, decreased expression of microcephaly-associated genes, and increased neuronal loss. Specifically, we showed that a reduced expression of Beclin1 aggravated the consequences of ZIKV infection on brain development and qualifies Becn1 as a susceptibility gene of ZIKV congenital syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Muthu Karuppan
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Chet Raj Ojha
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Jessica Lapierre
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA;
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(305)-348-4346; Fax: +1-(305)-348-1109
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Raper J, Kovacs-Balint Z, Mavigner M, Gumber S, Burke MW, Habib J, Mattingly C, Fair D, Earl E, Feczko E, Styner M, Jean SM, Cohen JK, Suthar MS, Sanchez MM, Alvarado MC, Chahroudi A. Long-term alterations in brain and behavior after postnatal Zika virus infection in infant macaques. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2534. [PMID: 32439858 PMCID: PMC7242369 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16320-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection has a profound impact on the fetal nervous system. The postnatal period is also a time of rapid brain growth, and it is important to understand the potential neurobehavioral consequences of ZIKV infection during infancy. Here we show that postnatal ZIKV infection in a rhesus macaque model resulted in long-term behavioral, motor, and cognitive changes, including increased emotional reactivity, decreased social contact, loss of balance, and deficits in visual recognition memory at one year of age. Structural and functional MRI showed that ZIKV-infected infant rhesus macaques had persistent enlargement of lateral ventricles, smaller volumes and altered functional connectivity between brain areas important for socioemotional behavior, cognitive, and motor function (e.g. amygdala, hippocampus, cerebellum). Neuropathological changes corresponded with neuroimaging results and were consistent with the behavioral and memory deficits. Overall, this study demonstrates that postnatal ZIKV infection in this model may have long-lasting neurodevelopmental consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Raper
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - Maud Mavigner
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Sanjeev Gumber
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mark W Burke
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jakob Habib
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cameron Mattingly
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Damien Fair
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric Earl
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Eric Feczko
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - Martin Styner
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Sherrie M Jean
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Joyce K Cohen
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Emory Vaccine Center, Atlanta, GA, 30329, USA
| | - Mar M Sanchez
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Maria C Alvarado
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ann Chahroudi
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Simanjuntak Y, Ko HY, Lee YL, Yu GY, Lin YL. Preventive effects of folic acid on Zika virus-associated poor pregnancy outcomes in immunocompromised mice. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008521. [PMID: 32392268 PMCID: PMC7241851 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection may lead to congenital microcephaly and pregnancy loss in pregnant women. In the context of pregnancy, folic acid (FA) supplementation may reduce the risk of abnormal pregnancy outcomes. Intriguingly, FA may have a beneficial effect on the adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with ZIKV infection. Here, we show that FA inhibits ZIKV replication in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a cell culture model of blood-placental barrier (BPB). The inhibitory effect of FA against ZIKV infection is associated with FRα-AMPK signaling. Furthermore, treatment with FA reduces pathological features in the placenta, number of fetal resorptions, and stillbirths in two mouse models of in utero ZIKV transmission. Mice with FA treatment showed lower viral burden and better prognostic profiles in the placenta including reduced inflammatory response, and enhanced integrity of BPB. Overall, our findings suggest the preventive role of FA supplementation in ZIKV-associated abnormal pregnancy and warrant nutritional surveillance to evaluate maternal FA status in areas with active ZIKV transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogy Simanjuntak
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Guann-Yi Yu
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Kim J, Alejandro B, Hetman M, Hattab EM, Joiner J, Schroten H, Ishikawa H, Chung DH. Zika virus infects pericytes in the choroid plexus and enters the central nervous system through the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008204. [PMID: 32357162 PMCID: PMC7194358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) can infect and cause microcephaly and Zika-associated neurological complications in the developing fetal and adult brains. In terms of pathogenesis, a critical question is how ZIKV overcomes the barriers separating the brain from the circulation and gains access to the central nervous system (CNS). Despite the importance of ZIKV pathogenesis, the route ZIKV utilizes to cross CNS barriers remains unclear. Here we show that in mouse models, ZIKV-infected cells initially appeared in the periventricular regions of the brain, including the choroid plexus and the meninges, prior to infection of the cortex. The appearance of ZIKV in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) preceded infection of the brain parenchyma. Further the brain infection was significantly attenuated by neutralization of the virus in the CSF, indicating that ZIKV in the CSF at the early stage of infection might be responsible for establishing a lethal infection of the brain. We show that cells infected by ZIKV in the choroid plexus were pericytes. Using in vitro systems, we highlight the possibility that ZIKV crosses the blood-CSF barrier by disrupting the choroid plexus epithelial layer. Taken together, our results suggest that ZIKV might exploit the blood-CSF barrier rather than the blood-brain barrier to invade the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Brian Alejandro
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Michal Hetman
- Department of Neurological Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Eyas M. Hattab
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Joshua Joiner
- Centre College, Danville, Kentucky, United States of America
| | - Horst Schroten
- Department of Pediatrics, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Hiroshi Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Dong-Hoon Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- Center for Predictive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Kentucky, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Kolpikova EP, Tronco AR, Den Hartigh AB, Jackson KJ, Iwawaki T, Fink SL. IRE1α Promotes Zika Virus Infection via XBP1. Viruses 2020; 12:v12030278. [PMID: 32138181 PMCID: PMC7150863 DOI: 10.3390/v12030278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emergent member of the Flaviviridae family which causes severe congenital defects and other major sequelae, but the cellular processes that support ZIKV replication are incompletely understood. Related flaviviruses use the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) as a membranous platform for viral replication and induce ER stress during infection. Our data suggest that ZIKV activates IRE1α, a component of the cellular response to ER stress. IRE1α is an ER-resident transmembrane protein that possesses a cytosolic RNase domain. Upon activation, IRE1α initiates nonconventional cytoplasmic splicing of XBP1 mRNA. Spliced XBP1 encodes a transcription factor, which upregulates ER-related targets. We find that ZIKV infection induces XBP1 mRNA splicing and induction of XBP1 target genes. Small molecule inhibitors of IRE1α, including those specific for the nuclease function, prevent ZIKV-induced cytotoxicity, as does genetic disruption of IRE1α. Optimal ZIKV RNA replication requires both IRE1α and XBP1. Spliced XBP1 has been described to cause ER expansion and remodeling and we find that ER redistribution during ZIKV infection requires IRE1α nuclease activity. Finally, we demonstrate that inducible genetic disruption of IRE1α and XBP1 impairs ZIKV replication in a mouse model of infection. Together, our data indicate that the ER stress response component IRE1α promotes ZIKV infection via XBP1 and may represent a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena P. Kolpikova
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ana R. Tronco
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | | | - Konner J. Jackson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa 920-0265, Japan
| | - Susan L. Fink
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(206)-598-6131
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Burger-Calderon R, Bustos Carrillo F, Gresh L, Ojeda S, Sanchez N, Plazaola M, Katzelnick L, Mercado BL, Monterrey JC, Elizondo D, Arguello S, Nuñez A, Gordon A, Balmaseda A, Kuan G, Harris E. Age-dependent manifestations and case definitions of paediatric Zika: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Infect Dis 2020; 20:371-380. [PMID: 31870907 PMCID: PMC7085943 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30547-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paedeatric Zika remains an understudied topic. WHO and the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) Zika case definitions have not been assessed in children. We aimed to characterise clinical profiles and evaluate the diagnostic performance of the WHO and PAHO case definitions in a large cohort of paediatric Zika cases. METHODS From January, 2016 to February, 2017, encompassing the major 2016 Zika epidemic, participants in the Pediatric Dengue Cohort Study (PDCS) in Managua, Nicaragua, were encouraged to visit the study health centre at first indication of any illness. PDCS participants were aged 2-14 years, healthy at enrolment, and recruited before the initiation of the present study. Molecular and serological assays were used to test participants exhibiting any of four broad clinical profiles suspected of resulting from a symptomatic Zika virus infection. These clinical profiles were: fever and at least two of headache, retro-orbital pain, myalgia, arthralgia, rash, haemorrhagic manifestations, and leukopenia; fever and at least two of nausea or vomiting, rash, aches and pains, positive tourniquet test, leukopenia, and any dengue warning sign; undifferentiated fever without evident cause, with or without any other clinical finding; and afebrile rash with or without any other clinical finding. We characterised acute clinical findings (signs, symptoms, and complete blood counts) in both Zika cases and non-Zika cases. FINDINGS We prospectively followed a cohort of about 3700 children, of which 1110 were deemed eligible for inclusion. Four participants with laboratory-confirmed Zika (three co-infections with dengue virus, one missing complete blood count data) and two participants who were non-Zika cases (missing complete blood count data) were excluded from analysis. We analysed 556 laboratory-confirmed Zika and 548 non-Zika cases. The WHO case definition captured 176 confirmed Zika cases, and the PAHO definition 109 confirmed Zika cases, who presented with the most clinical findings and a dengue-like clinical profile. The remaining two thirds of Zika cases, principally characterised by undifferentiated fever or afebrile rash, were missed. Among Zika cases, rash (n=440)-particularly generalised erythematous rash (n=334)-fever (n=333), leukopenia (n=217), and headache (n=203) were most common and peaked within 3 days of illness onset. The most common Zika presentation over the first week of illness was rash only (n=80). The sensitivity of Zika case definitions increased across paediatric age (from 11·3% to 56·1% for the WHO case definition and from 6·0% to 36·6% for the PAHO case definition), as the prevalence of most clinical findings (particularly arthralgia) increased with age, irrespective of previous dengue virus infection. Consequently, Zika manifested differently across paediatric age; older Zika cases presented with a dengue-like clinical profile while younger Zika cases presented with undifferentiated fever or afebrile rash. INTERPRETATION We provide the most thorough description of paediatric Zika to date. Most paediatric Zika cases go undetected under the WHO and PAHO case definitions, suggesting that current standards for Zika case ascertainment require revision. Zika manifests with mild but differing clinical profiles across paediatric age, presenting major challenges to diagnosis, surveillance, and efforts to control future Zika epidemics. FUNDING US National Institutes of Health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Burger-Calderon
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Fausto Bustos Carrillo
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Lionel Gresh
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Sergio Ojeda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Nery Sanchez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Leah Katzelnick
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Nuñez
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua; National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Aubree Gordon
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Angel Balmaseda
- Sustainable Sciences Institute, Managua, Nicaragua; National Virology Laboratory, Centro Nacional de Diagnóstico y Referencia, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Guillermina Kuan
- Centro de Salud Sócrates Flores Vivas, Ministry of Health, Managua, Nicaragua
| | - Eva Harris
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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Pedrosa CDSG, Souza LRQ, Gomes TA, de Lima CVF, Ledur PF, Karmirian K, Barbeito-Andres J, Costa MDN, Higa LM, Rossi ÁD, Bellio M, Tanuri A, Prata-Barbosa A, Tovar-Moll F, Garcez PP, Lara FA, Molica RJR, Rehen SK. The cyanobacterial saxitoxin exacerbates neural cell death and brain malformations induced by Zika virus. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008060. [PMID: 32163415 PMCID: PMC7067372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The northeast (NE) region of Brazil commonly goes through drought periods, which favor cyanobacterial blooms, capable of producing neurotoxins with implications for human and animal health. The most severe dry spell in the history of Brazil occurred between 2012 and 2016. Coincidently, the highest incidence of microcephaly associated with the Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak took place in the NE region of Brazil during the same years. In this work, we tested the hypothesis that saxitoxin (STX), a neurotoxin produced in South America by the freshwater cyanobacteria Raphidiopsis raciborskii, could have contributed to the most severe Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) profile described worldwide. Quality surveillance showed higher cyanobacteria amounts and STX occurrence in human drinking water supplies of NE compared to other regions of Brazil. Experimentally, we described that STX doubled the quantity of ZIKV-induced neural cell death in progenitor areas of human brain organoids, while the chronic ingestion of water contaminated with STX before and during gestation caused brain abnormalities in offspring of ZIKV-infected immunocompetent C57BL/6J mice. Our data indicate that saxitoxin-producing cyanobacteria is overspread in water reservoirs of the NE and might have acted as a co-insult to ZIKV infection in Brazil. These results raise a public health concern regarding the consequences of arbovirus outbreaks happening in areas with droughts and/or frequent freshwater cyanobacterial blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leticia R. Q. Souza
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tiago A. Gomes
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Caroline V. F. de Lima
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pitia F. Ledur
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Karina Karmirian
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jimena Barbeito-Andres
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo do N. Costa
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiza M. Higa
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Átila D. Rossi
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Bellio
- Institute of Microbiology Paulo de Goes, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arnaldo Prata-Barbosa
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Tovar-Moll
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia P. Garcez
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Flavio A. Lara
- Laboratory of Cellular Microbiology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Renato J. R. Molica
- Academic Unit of Garanhuns, Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Garanhuns, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Stevens K. Rehen
- D’Or Institute for Research and Education (IDOR), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Young G, Bohning KJ, Zahralban-Steele M, Hather G, Tadepalli S, Mickey K, Godin CS, Sanisetty S, Sonnberg S, Patel HK, Dean HJ. Complete Protection in Macaques Conferred by Purified Inactivated Zika Vaccine: Defining a Correlate of Protection. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3488. [PMID: 32103097 PMCID: PMC7044319 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60415-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A critical global health need exists for a Zika vaccine capable of mitigating the effects of future Zika epidemics. In this study we evaluated the antibody responses and efficacy of an aluminum hydroxide adjuvanted purified inactivated Zika vaccine (PIZV) against challenge with Zika virus (ZIKV) strain PRVABC59. Indian rhesus macaques received two doses of PIZV at varying concentrations ranging from 0.016 µg - 10 µg and were subsequently challenged with ZIKV six weeks or one year following the second immunization. PIZV induced a dose-dependent immune response that was boosted by a second immunization. Complete protection against ZIKV infection was achieved with the higher PIZV doses of 0.4 µg, 2 µg, and 10 µg at 6 weeks and with 10 ug PIZV at 1 year following vaccination. Partial protection was achieved with the lower PIZV doses of 0.016 µg and 0.08 µg. Based on these data, a neutralizing antibody response above 3.02 log10 EC50 was determined as a correlate of protection in macaques. PIZV elicited a dose-dependent neutralizing antibody response which is protective for at least 1 year following vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Greg Hather
- Takeda Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
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Ventura CV, Gois AL, Freire BO, de Almeida DC, MacKeen LD, Ventura Filho MC, Berrocal AM, Paul Chan RV, Belfort R, Maia M, Ventura LO. Fluorescein Angiography Findings in Children With Congenital Zika Syndrome. Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina 2020; 50:702-708. [PMID: 31755969 DOI: 10.3928/23258160-20191031-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE To evaluate the retinal and vasculature changes in infants with congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) using fluorescein angiography (FA). PATIENTS AND METHODS This consecutive case series included six infants with CZS. FA and color fundus imaging were performed under general anesthesia in both eyes of all infants using a contact widefield digital imaging system. All color fundus images were obtained using a 130° field of view lens, and the FA images were captured using either a 130° or 80° field of view lens. The immunoglobulin M antibody capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was positive for Zika virus in the cerebrospinal fluid samples of all infants. Other congenital infections were ruled out. RESULTS The mean ± standard deviation age of the infants at the time of examination was 1.4 years ± 0.1 years (range: 1.3 years to 1.5 years). Contact fundus photographs showed macular abnormalities in seven eyes (58%) and retinal vasculature changes in two eyes (17%). FA detected macular abnormalities in all 12 eyes (100%) and retinal vasculature changes in five eyes (42%). The main retinal vasculature changes were peripheral avascularity in five eyes (42%) and microvasculature abnormalities in three eyes (25%). CONCLUSION FA may be an important tool for detecting subtle macular and retinal vasculature changes in CZS. [Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina. 2019;50:702-708.].
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Abstract
Humoral immunity is an essential component of the protective immune response to flavivirus infection. Typically, primary infection generates a robust neutralizing antibody response that mediates viral control and protection. It is becoming increasingly apparent that secondary infection with a closely related flavivirus strain can result in immunological cross-reactivity; however, the consequences to infection outcome remain controversial. Since its introduction to Brazil in 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused an epidemic of fetal congenital malformations within the Americas. Because ZIKV is a mosquito-borne flavivirus with a high degree of sequence and structural homology to Dengue virus (DENV), the role of immunological cross-reactivity in ZIKV and DENV infections has become a great concern. In this review, we highlight contemporary findings that implicate a role for flavivirus antibodies in mediating protection, contributing to pathogenesis, and seeding the human placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jens Wrammert
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Mehul S Suthar
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Disease, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA; Emory Vaccine Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA.
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Forster D, Schwarz JH, Brosinski K, Kalinke U, Sutter G, Volz A. Obstetric Ultrasonography to Detect Fetal Abnormalities in a Mouse Model for Zika Virus Infection. Viruses 2020; 12:v12010072. [PMID: 31936159 PMCID: PMC7019633 DOI: 10.3390/v12010072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In 2015 Zika virus (ZIKV) emerged for the first time in South America. The following ZIKV epidemic resulted in the appearance of a clinical phenotype with microcephaly and other severe malformations in newborns. So far, mechanisms of ZIKV induced damage to the fetus are not completely understood. Previous data suggest that ZIKV may bypass the placenta to reach the fetus. Thus, animal models for ZIKV infection are important to facilitate studies about ZIKV infection during pregnancy. Here, we used ultrasound based imaging (USI) to characterize ZIKV induced pathogenesis in the pregnant Type I interferon receptor-deficient (IFNAR-/-) mouse model. Based on USI we suggest the placenta to be a primary target organ of ZIKV infection enabling ZIKV spreading to the fetus. Moreover, in addition to direct infection of the fetus, the placental ZIKV infection may cause an indirect damage to the fetus through reduced uteroplacental perfusion leading to intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and fetal complications as early as embryonic day (ED) 12.5. Our data confirmed the capability of USI to characterize ZIKV induced modifications in mouse fetuses. Data from further studies using USI to monitor ZIKV infections will contribute to a better understanding of ZIKV infection in pregnant IFNAR-/- mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominik Forster
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; (D.F.); (J.H.S.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Jan Hendrik Schwarz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; (D.F.); (J.H.S.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Katrin Brosinski
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; (D.F.); (J.H.S.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
| | - Ulrich Kalinke
- Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research Braunschweig and the Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Sutter
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; (D.F.); (J.H.S.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
| | - Asisa Volz
- Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany; (D.F.); (J.H.S.); (K.B.); (G.S.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Munich, 80539 Munich, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-89-2180-2612
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McDougall WM, Kandpal M, Perreira JM, Brass AL. Discovery of Zika Virus Dependency and Restriction Factors Using Flow-Based Arrayed CRISPR Screening for Identification of Targets (FACS-IT). Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2142:215-234. [PMID: 32367370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0581-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The discovery and implementation of CRISPR/Cas9 tools in pooled genetic screens have allowed for the rapid, high-fidelity identification of host-virus interactions. However, pooled CRISPR screening has significant limitations in its ability both to perform cell biology and plate reader-based screens and to find alleles that result in intermediate-strength phenotypes. Here we introduce an arrayed CRISPR screening method, FACS-IT, which allows researchers to use high content imaging analysis, plate reader assays, cell supernatant characterization, and percent infectivity to characterize CRISPR-mediated gene disruptions causing both moderate and extreme phenotypic changes. By using flow sorting capabilities and CRISPR libraries that are widely available, FACS-IT overcomes both the significant limitation of pooled screening approaches and the prohibitive costs of large-scale arrayed CRISPR reagents. In doing so, FACS-IT will enable researchers to creatively use CRISPR screening to obtain a deeper understanding of biology across a wide range of fields and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- William M McDougall
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
| | - Manish Kandpal
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Jill M Perreira
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Abraham L Brass
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
- Department of Gastroenterology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA.
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Lin JY, Kuo RL, Huang HI. Activation of type I interferon antiviral response in human neural stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:387. [PMID: 31843025 PMCID: PMC6916114 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural stem cells (NSCs) residing in the central nervous system play an important role in neurogenesis. Several viruses can infect these neural progenitors and cause severe neurological diseases. The innate immune responses against the neurotropic viruses in these tissue-specific stem cells remain unclear. METHODS Human NSCs were transfected with viral RNA mimics or infected with neurotropic virus for detecting the expression of antiviral interferons (IFNs) and downstream IFN-stimulated antiviral genes. RESULTS NSCs are able to produce interferon-β (IFN-β) (type I) and λ1 (type III) after transfection with poly(I:C) and that downstream IFN-stimulated antiviral genes, such as ISG56 and MxA, and the viral RNA sensors RIG-I, MDA5, and TLR3, can be expressed in NSCs under poly(I:C) or IFN-β stimulation. In addition, our results show that the pattern recognition receptors RIG-I and MDA5, as well as the endosomal pathogen recognition receptor TLR3, but not TLR7 and TLR8, are involved in the activation of IFN-β transcription in NSCs. Furthermore, NSCs infected with the neurotropic viruses, Zika and Japanese encephalitis viruses, are able to induce RIG-I-mediated IFN-β expression. CONCLUSION Human NSCs have the ability to activate IFN signals against neurotropic viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhao-Yin Lin
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
| | - Rei-Lin Kuo
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-I Huang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan.
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.
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Ismail AA, Mahboob T, Samudi Raju C, Sekaran SD. Zika virus modulates blood-brain barrier of brain microvascular endothelial cells. Trop Biomed 2019; 36:888-897. [PMID: 33597462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne Flaviviruses. ZIKV is known to cause birth defect in pregnant women, especially microcephaly in the fetus. Hence, more study is required to understand the infection of Zika virus towards human brain microvascular endothelial cells (MECs). In this study, brain MECs were infected with ZIKV at MOI of 1 and 5 in vitro. The changes in barrier function and membrane permeability of ZIKV-infected brain MECs were determined using electric cell-substrate impedance sensing (ECIS) system followed by gene expression of ZIKV-infected brain MECs at 24 hours post infection using one-color gene expression microarray. The ECIS results demonstrated that ZIKV infection enhances vascular leakage by increasing cell membrane permeability via alteration of brain MECs barrier function. This was further supported by high expression of proinflammatory cytokine genes (lnc-IL6-2, TNFAIP1 and TNFAIP6), adhesion molecules (CERCAM and ESAM) and growth factor (FIGF). Overall, findings of this study revealed that ZIKV infection could alter the barrier function of brain MECs by altering adhesion molecules and inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Ismail
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - T Mahboob
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - C Samudi Raju
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - S D Sekaran
- Faculty of Medicine and Biomedical Science, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia
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Trus I, Udenze D, Cox B, Berube N, Nordquist RE, van der Staay FJ, Huang Y, Kobinger G, Safronetz D, Gerdts V, Karniychuk U. Subclinical in utero Zika virus infection is associated with interferon alpha sequelae and sex-specific molecular brain pathology in asymptomatic porcine offspring. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008038. [PMID: 31725819 PMCID: PMC6855438 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during human pregnancy may lead to severe fetal pathology and debilitating impairments in offspring. However, the majority of infections are subclinical and not associated with evident birth defects. Potentially detrimental life-long health outcomes in asymptomatic offspring evoke high concerns. Thus, animal models addressing sequelae in offspring may provide valuable information. To induce subclinical infection, we inoculated selected porcine fetuses at the mid-stage of development. Inoculation resulted in trans-fetal virus spread and persistent infection in the placenta and fetal membranes for two months. Offspring did not show congenital Zika syndrome (e.g., microcephaly, brain calcifications, congenital clubfoot, arthrogryposis, seizures) or other visible birth defects. However, a month after birth, a portion of offspring exhibited excessive interferon alpha (IFN-α) levels in blood plasma in a regular environment. Most affected offspring also showed dramatic IFN-α shutdown during social stress providing the first evidence for the cumulative impact of prenatal ZIKV exposure and postnatal environmental insult. Other eleven cytokines tested before and after stress were not altered suggesting the specific IFN-α pathology. While brains from offspring did not have histopathology, lesions, and ZIKV, the whole genome expression analysis of the prefrontal cortex revealed profound sex-specific transcriptional changes that most probably was the result of subclinical in utero infection. RNA-seq analysis in the placenta persistently infected with ZIKV provided independent support for the sex-specific pattern of in utero-acquired transcriptional responses. Collectively, our results provide strong evidence that two hallmarks of fetal ZIKV infection, altered type I IFN response and molecular brain pathology can persist after birth in offspring in the absence of congenital Zika syndrome. A number of studies showed that Zika virus (ZIKV) can cause severe abnormalities in fetuses, e.g., brain lesions, and subsequently life-long developmental and cognitive impairment in children. However, the majority of infections in pregnant women are subclinical and are not associated with developmental abnormalities in fetuses and newborns. It is known that disruptions to the in utero environment during fetal development can program increased risks for disease in adulthood. For this reason, children affected in utero even by mild ZIKV infection can appear deceptively healthy at birth but develop immune dysfunction and brain abnormalities during postnatal development. Here, we used the porcine model of subclinical fetal ZIKV infection to determine health sequelae in offspring which did not show apparent signs of the disease. We demonstrated that subclinical fetal infection was associated with abnormal immunological responses in apparently healthy offspring under normal environmental conditions and during social stress. We also showed silent sex-specific brain pathology as represented by altered gene expression. Our study provides new insights into potential outcomes of subclinical in utero ZIKV infection. It also emphasizes that further attempts to better understand silent pathology and develop alleviative interventions in ZIKV-affected offspring should take into account interactions of host factors, like sex, and environmental insults, like social stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Trus
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Daniel Udenze
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Brian Cox
- Department of Physiology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Nathalie Berube
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Rebecca E. Nordquist
- Behavior and Welfare Group, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, CL, Netherlands
- Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Franz Josef van der Staay
- Behavior and Welfare Group, Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, CL, Netherlands
| | | | | | - David Safronetz
- Canada National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Volker Gerdts
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Uladzimir Karniychuk
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Organization-International Vaccine Centre (VIDO-InterVac), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- School of Public Health, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- * E-mail:
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