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Matthias J, Khan AM, Craze K, Karki S, Newman DR. Evaluation of Automated Processing of Electronically Reported Serological Tests for Syphilis Using Current and Historical Syphilis Results Compared With Traditional Reactor Grid Processing in Florida. Sex Transm Dis 2024; 51:420-424. [PMID: 38372524 PMCID: PMC11088518 DOI: 10.1097/olq.0000000000001952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syphilis in Florida increased 49% from 2016 to 2020. Moreover, many serological tests for syphilis (STS) do not indicate current infection. Traditionally, syphilis surveillance systems used reactor grids, a method for prioritizing STS for investigation based on age, nontreponemal titer, and/or sex. In 2022, Florida's sexually transmitted disease surveillance system implemented an automated method for processing electronically reported STS (eSTS), expanding upon the reactor grid, using an individual's current STS (treponemal and nontreponemal), treatment history, and historical STS results aiming for more efficiently processing eSTS. We compared the new method of processing eSTS results against the reactor grid and determined potential value in time/cost savings of this change. METHODS All eSTSs (n = 4144) from January 2, 2023 to January 8, 2023, were compared by how the logic-based method processed test results versus how the reactor grid processed test results. Each method was compared using measurements of accuracy (e.g., sensitivity/specificity). Time and cost savings in eSTS processing were estimated. RESULTS Using the surveillance case definition as reference, the accuracy of the logic-based method for processing eSTS was nearly double (82.3% vs. 43.6%), had greater specificity (79.0% vs. 33.0%), and increased positive predictive value (47.5% vs. 22.0%) when compared with the reactor grid method. Sensitivity (99.5% vs. 98.6%) and negative predictive value (99.9% vs. 99.2%) remained similar. The logic-based method is estimated to save 7783 hours annually (~$185,000). CONCLUSIONS Processing eSTS based on current and historical STS results is significantly more accurate than using a reactor grid. Moreover, these improvements save time and resources that can be better allocated to other program prevention activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Matthias
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention, Atlanta, GA
- Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Prevention, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Amir M. Khan
- Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Prevention, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Kristin Craze
- Florida Department of Health, Division of Disease Control and Prevention, Tallahassee, FL
| | - Saugat Karki
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention, Atlanta, GA
| | - Daniel R. Newman
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Division of STD Prevention, Atlanta, GA
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Bost C, Castro-Scholten S, Sadeghi B, Cano-Terriza D, Frías M, Jiménez-Ruiz S, Groschup MH, García-Bocanegra I, Fischer K. Approaching the complexity of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus serology: A study in swine. J Virol Methods 2024; 326:114915. [PMID: 38479590 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus (CCHFV) is a tick-borne zoonotic orthonairovirus of public health concern and widespread geographic distribution. Several animal species are known to seroconvert after infection with CCHFV without showing clinical symptoms. The commercial availability of a multi-species ELISA has led to an increase in recent serosurveillance studies as well as in the range of species reported to be exposed to CCHFV in the field, including wild boar (Sus scrofa). However, development and validation of confirmatory serological tests for swine based on different CCHFV antigens or test principles are hampered by the lack of defined control sera from infected and non-infected animals. For the detection of anti-CCHFV antibodies in swine, we established a swine-specific in-house ELISA using a panel of swine sera from CCHFV-free regions and regions with reported CCHFV circulation. We initially screened more than 700 serum samples from wild boar and domestic pigs and observed a correlation of ≃67% between the commercial and the in-house test. From these sera, we selected a panel of 60 samples that were further analyzed in a newly established indirect immunofluorescence assay (iIFA) and virus neutralization test. ELISA-non-reactive samples tested negative. Interestingly, only a subset of samples reactive in both ELISA and iIFA displayed CCHFV-neutralizing antibodies. The observed partial discrepancy between the tests may be explained by different test sensitivities, antibody cross-reactivities or suggests that the immune response to CCHFV in swine is not necessarily associated with eliciting neutralizing antibodies. Overall, this study highlights that meaningful CCHFV serology in swine, and possibly other species, should involve the performance of multiple tests and careful interpretation of the results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Bost
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany
| | - Sabrina Castro-Scholten
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Balal Sadeghi
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany
| | - David Cano-Terriza
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Mario Frías
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain; Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Grupo de Virología Clínica y Zoonosis, Instituto Maimónides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC), Hospital Reina Sofía, Universidad de Córdoba (UCO), Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Saúl Jiménez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain
| | - Martin H Groschup
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany
| | - Ignacio García-Bocanegra
- Departamento de Sanidad Animal, Grupo de Investigación en Sanidad Animal y Zoonosis (GISAZ), UIC Zoonosis y Enfermedades Emergentes ENZOEM, Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba 14004, Spain; CIBERINFEC, ISCIII - CIBER de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Kerstin Fischer
- Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Riems, Greifswald-Insel, Germany.
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Huang T, Ding T, Ding L, Xie S, Li X, Meng Q, Wu X, Luo H, Zhao H. A new proposal for phenotypic classification and outcome assessment of dermatomyositis based on clinical manifestations and serological testing. An Bras Dermatol 2024; 99:342-349. [PMID: 38522973 DOI: 10.1016/j.abd.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatomyositis (DM) is an infrequent disease subgroup of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies characterized by distinct skin lesions. However, high heterogeneity makes clinical diagnosis and treatment of DM very challenging. OBJECTIVES Unsupervised classification in DM patients and analysis of key factors related to clinical outcomes. METHODS This retrospective study was conducted between 2017 and 2022 at the Department of Rheumatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University. 162 DM patients were enrolled for unsupervised hierarchical cluster analysis. In addition, we divided the clinical outcomes of DM patients into four subgroups: withdrawal, stabilization, aggravation, and death, and compared the clinical profiles amongst the subgroups. RESULTS Out of 162 DM patients, three clusters were defined. Cluster 1 (n = 40) was mainly grouped by patients with prominent muscular involvement and mild Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD). Cluster 2 (n = 72) grouped patients with skin rash, anti-Melanoma Differentiation Associated protein 5 positive (anti-MDA5+), and Rapid Progressive Interstitial Lung Disease (RP-ILD). Cluster 3 (n = 50) grouped patients with the mildest symptoms. The proportion of death increased across the three clusters (cluster 3 < cluster 1 < cluster 2). STUDY LIMITATIONS The number of cases was limited for the subsequent construction and validation of predictive models. We did not review all skin symptoms or pathological changes in detail. CONCLUSIONS We reclassified DM into three clusters with different risks for poor outcome based on diverse clinical profiles. Clinical serological testing and cluster analysis are necessary to help clinicians evaluate patients during follow-up and conduct phenotype-based personalized care in DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Huang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Ting Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Liqing Ding
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Shasha Xie
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaojing Li
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Qiming Meng
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hui Luo
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Hongjun Zhao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Provincial Clinical Research Center for Rheumatic and Immunologic Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Changsha, China.
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Jeske R, Becker N, Kroeller L, Mentzer AJ, Brenner N, Guy E, Waterboer T, Butt J. Advancing Toxoplasma gondii multiplex serology. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0361823. [PMID: 38385741 PMCID: PMC10986549 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03618-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a highly prevalent pathogen causing zoonotic infections with significant public health implications. Yet, our understanding of long-term consequences, associated risk factors, and the potential role of co-infections is still limited. Seroepidemiological studies are a valuable approach to address open questions and enhance our insights into T. gondii across human populations. Here, we present substantial advancements to our previously developed T. gondii multiplex serology assay, which is based on the immunodominant antigens SAG1 and P22. While our previous bead-based assay quantified antibody levels against multiple targets in a high-throughput fashion requiring only a small sample volume, impaired assay characteristics emerged in sample dilutions beyond 1:100 and when being transferred to magnetic beads. Both are now critical for inclusion in large-scale seroprevalence studies. Using the truncated versions, SAG1D1 and P22trunc, significantly enhanced signal-to-noise ratios were achieved with almost perfect concordance with the gold-standard Sabin-Feldman dye test. In sample dilutions of 1:100, the diagnostic accuracy of SAG1D1 and P22trunc reached sensitivities (true positive rates) of 98% and 94% and specificities (true negative rates) of 93% and 95%, respectively. Importantly, performance metrics were reproducible in a 1:1,000 sample dilution, using both magnetic and nonmagnetic beads. Thresholds for seropositivity were derived from finite mixture models and performed equally well as thresholds by receiver operating characteristic analysis. Our improved multiplex serology assay is therefore able to generate robust and reproducible performance metrics under various assay conditions. Inclusion of T. gondii antibody measurements with other pathogens, in multiplex serology panels will allow for large-scale seroepidemiological research. IMPORTANCE Toxoplasma gondii is a pathogen of significant public health concern due to its widespread prevalence and zoonotic potential. However, our understanding of key aspects, such as risk factors for infection and disease, potential outcomes, and their trends, remains limited. Seroepidemiological studies in large cohorts are invaluable for addressing these questions but remain scarce. Our revised multiplex serology assay equips researchers with a powerful tool capable of delivering T. gondii serum antibody measurements with high sensitivity and specificity under diverse assay conditions. This advancement paves the way for the integration of T. gondii antibody measurements into multi-pathogen multiplex serology panels, promising valuable insights into public health and pathogen interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima Jeske
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nico Becker
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biotechnology, Mannheim University of Applied Sciences, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Lea Kroeller
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Biosciences, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Nicole Brenner
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Edward Guy
- Toxoplasma Reference Unit, Public Health Wales Microbiology, Swansea, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Butt
- Division of Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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Montagud AC, Llenas-García J, Moragues R, Pérez-Bernabeu A, Alcocer Pertegal MJ, García Gómez FJ, Gamayo Serna AM, García Morante H, Caballero P, Tuells J. Prevalence of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 using a rapid serological test in health workers of a Spanish Department of Health in Alicante (Spain) before the booster dose of the vaccine. Rev Clin Esp 2024; 224:197-203. [PMID: 38423384 DOI: 10.1016/j.rceng.2024.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
AIM To study the prevalence of neutralizing antibodies in healthcare workers and healthcare support personnel after the administration of the second dose of the BNT162b2 vaccine (Pfizer-BioNTech). MATERIALS AND METHODS In December 2021, we undertook a study in the Health Department in Orihuela, Alicante (Spain), which consists of 1500 workers. We collected demographic variables about the study participants, and we performed a "point-of-care" immunochromatography test to measure the presence of neutralizing antibodies (OJABIO® SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibody Detection Kit, manufactured by Wenzhou OJA Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China) before the administration of the third dose of the vaccine. RESULTS We obtained complete information about 964 (64%) workers, which consisted of 290 men and 674 women. The average age was 45,8 years (min. 18, max. 68) and the average time since the last dose of the vaccine was 40,5 weeks (min. 1,71, max. 47,71). A total of 131 participants (13,5%) had suffered infection by SARS-CoV-2 confirmed using RT-PCR. The proportion of participants who showed presence of neutralizing antibodies was 38,5%. In the multivariable analysis, the time since the last dose of the vaccine (aOR week: 1,07; 95%CI: 1,04; 1,09) and previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 (aOR: 3,7; 95CI: 2,39; 5,63) showed a statistically significant association with the presence of neutralizing antibodies. CONCLUSIONS The time since the administration of the last dose of the vaccine and the previous infection by SARS-CoV-2 determined the presence of neutralizing antibodies in 38,5% of the healthcare workers and support workers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Montagud
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Plataforma Oncológica, Hospital QuironSalud Torrevieja. Torrevieja, Alicante, Spain
| | - J Llenas-García
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; Departamento de Medicina Clínica, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Elche, Alicante, Spain; Fundación para la Promoción de la Salud e Investigación Biomédica de Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - R Moragues
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - A Pérez-Bernabeu
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; Fundación para la Promoción de la Salud e Investigación Biomédica de Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - M J Alcocer Pertegal
- Dirección de Enfermería de Atención Primaria. Departamento de Salud de Orihuela, Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - F J García Gómez
- Dirección de Enfermería Hospitalaria, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - A M Gamayo Serna
- Dirección de Enfermería Hospitalaria, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain
| | - H García Morante
- Servicio de Medicina Interna, Hospital Vega Baja. Orihuela, Alicante, Spain; Fundación para la Promoción de la Salud e Investigación Biomédica de Valencia, FISABIO, Valencia, Spain
| | - P Caballero
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - J Tuells
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva, Salud Pública e Historia de la Ciencia, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; Instituto de Salud e Investigación Biomédica de Alicante, (ISABIAL), Alicante, Spain.
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Al Ofairi BA, Saeed MK, Al-Qubaty M, Abdulkareem AM, Al-Jahrani MA. Diagnostic value of IgG antibody and stool antigen tests for chronic Helicobacter pylori infections in Ibb Governorate, Yemen. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7536. [PMID: 38553516 PMCID: PMC10980813 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58165-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The stool antigen test (SAT) and the serum Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) IgG antibody assays exhibit significant utility in the clinical diagnosis of H. pylori infection and in distinguishing between acute and chronic infections. The main objective of the current study was to identify the diagnostic value of serum H. pylori IgG antibody and SAT in the detection of H. pylori infections among chronic H. pylori-infected patients residing in Ibb Governorate, Yemen. 200 patients with H. pylori infection, confirmed through positive results in the serum immunochromatographic antibody test, were selected for H. pylori infection confirmation using serum H. pylori IgG antibodies and SAT across diverse hospitals, gastroenterology, and Hepatology clinics in Ibb Governorate. After the selection of patients, blood and stool specimens were obtained from all participants and underwent analysis via the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The prevalence of H. pylori infection demonstrated variability based on the confirmatory tests, with rates of 54% for SAT and 78.5% for serum H. pylori IgG antibody, contrasting with a 100% prevalence observed in the screening serum immunochromatographic antibody test. Clinically, the study categorized H. pylori infections into four stages, whereby a significant proportion of patients (40.5%) exhibited positivity for both serum H. pylori IgG antibody and SAT, indicative of active chronic infections. The majority of positive cases only manifested serum H. pylori IgG antibody presence (chronic infections) at 38%, whereas 13.5% exclusively tested positive for SAT, corresponding to acute infections. Moreover, 88% of patients did not have either serum H. pylori IgG antibody or SAT (absence of infections) during confirmatory tests. Noteworthy is the study's approach employing multiple tests for H. pylori infection detection, focusing predominantly on chronic infections-prevailing types caused by H. pylori. The results revealed a significant association between serum levels of H. pylori IgG antibody and SAT results with the presence of diverse gastrointestinal symptoms among patients, which increased with long H. pylori infection durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashir A Al Ofairi
- Section of Microbiology, Departement of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
- Departement of Medical Laboratory, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Queen Arwa University, Sana'a, Yemen.
| | - Marwan K Saeed
- Section of Microbiology, Departement of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen.
- Department of Medical Laboratories, University of Science and Technology, Ibb, Yemen.
| | | | - Ahmed M Abdulkareem
- Section of Microbiology, Departement of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
| | - Majed A Al-Jahrani
- Section of Microbiology, Departement of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
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Getnet M, Minaye Dejen A, Abebaw D, Fentahun GG, Birhanu E. Diagnostic accuracy of serological rk-39 test for visceral Leishmaniasis: Systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0011938. [PMID: 38446789 PMCID: PMC10917292 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0011938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniasis (VL), or kala-azar, is a vector-borne tropical disease caused by a group of intracellular hemoflagellate protozoa belonging to the family of Trypanosomatide and the genus Leishmania. The disease is distributed around the world and transmitted via the bite of infected female Phlebotomine sandflies, and there is variation in the diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the pooled global sensitivity and specificity of the rk-39 test and to evaluate if there is a difference between the different parts of the world. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis have been conducted on the diagnostic accuracy of dermoscopy. After setting eligibility criteria, literature was searched in four databases and one searching engine. Articles were screened, critically appraised, and extracted independently by two reviewers, and any disagreements were resolved with the involvement of a third person. The quality of the included studies had been assessed by the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS 2) tool. Pooled sensitivity and specificity were determined by bivariate random effect analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed by Higgins's I2, and when it was present, mitigation was conducted by using sensitivity analysis. RESULT A total of 409 studies were identified, and finally 18 articles were eligible for the review with a total sample size of 5, 253. The bivariate random effect meta-analysis of the 7 diagnostic accuracy studies showed a pooled sensitivity of 0.89 (0.76-0.95) and specificity of 0.86 (0.72-0.94). The +LR was 6.32 (95% CI: 2.85-14.02), the-LR was 0.13 (95% CI: 0.06-0.30), and the diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) was 47.8 (95% CI: 11.3-203.2). Abdel-Latif (2018) was both an outlier and influential for sensitivity, and Walter (2011) was both an outlier and influential for specificity, and removing them from sensitivity and specificity, respectively, was beneficial for reducing the heterogeneity. CONCLUSION Rk-39 is found to have highly accurate measures in the diagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis. Both sensitivity and specificity were found to be highly accurate in the diagnosis of leishmaniasis, with a pooled sensitivity of 0.91 (0.88-0.93) and a pooled specificity of 0.89 (0.85-0.91). ETHICAL CONSIDERATION As we will use secondary data for the systematic review and meta-analysis, ethical concerns are not necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mihret Getnet
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, Institute of public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Addisu Minaye Dejen
- Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, Institute of public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Dessie Abebaw
- Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, Institute of public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Gedefaw Fentahun
- Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, Institute of public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Emebet Birhanu
- Department of Human Physiology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology and biostatistics, Institute of public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
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Veletzky L, Eberhardt KA, Hergeth J, Stelzl DR, Zoleko Manego R, Kreuzmair R, Burger G, Mischlinger J, McCall MBB, Mombo-Ngoma G, Adegnika AA, Agnandji ST, Matsiegui PB, Lell B, Kremsner P, Mordmüller B, Tappe D, Ramharter M. Analysis of diagnostic test outcomes in a large loiasis cohort from an endemic region: Serological tests are often false negative in hyper-microfilaremic infections. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012054. [PMID: 38484012 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The parasitic disease loiasis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Individuals with hyper-microfilaremia (greater than 20,000 microfilariae per mL of blood) may suffer from serious treatment-related or spontaneous adverse events. Diagnosing loiasis remains complex and primarily relies on direct parasite detection. In this study, we analyzed the performance of various diagnostic tests and the influence of parasitological and clinical factors on test outcomes in samples from individuals living in an endemic region. METHODS Data and samples were collected from rural Gabon. Loiasis was defined as either detectable microfilaremia, or a positive history of eyeworm as assessed by the RAPLOA questionnaire. Diagnostic testing included a quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detection of Loa loa DNA in blood samples, an in-house crude L. loa antigen IgG ELISA, and a rapid test for antibodies against the Ll-SXP-1 antigen (RDT). Sensitivity and specificity were determined for each test and factors potentially influencing outcomes were evaluated in an exploratory analysis. RESULTS ELISA, RDT and qPCR results were available for 99.8%, 78.5%, and 100% of the 1,232 participants, respectively. The ELISA and RDT had only modest diagnostic accuracy. qPCR was specific for L. loa microfilaremia and Cycle threshold values correlated with microfilarial density. Anti-L. loa IgG levels were highest in occult loiasis, and antibody levels correlated inversely with L. loa microfilarial density as did RDT line intensities. Only 84.6% and 16.7% of hyper-microfilaremic individuals tested positive by ELISA (11/13) and RDT (2/12), respectively. CONCLUSION None of the tests demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for loiasis. Indirect diagnostic assays were characterized by low specificity. Additionally, hyper-microfilaremic individuals often tested negative by RDT and ELISA, indicating that these tests are not suitable for individual case management in endemic populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luzia Veletzky
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
| | - Kirsten Alexandra Eberhardt
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Daniel Robert Stelzl
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Department of Urology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rella Zoleko Manego
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Ruth Kreuzmair
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Gerrit Burger
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany & German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Johannes Mischlinger
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Matthew B B McCall
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ghyslain Mombo-Ngoma
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Department of Implementation Research, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ayôla Akim Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany & German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Selidji Todagbe Agnandji
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany & German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Bertrand Lell
- Department of Medicine I, Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Peter Kremsner
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany & German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany & German Center for Infection Research, partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Microbiology, HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis Tappe
- National Reference Centre for Tropical Pathogens, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Ramharter
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine & I. Dep. of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Germany
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9
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Lo SY, Yu HYE. Moving Average for a Qualitative Assay: An Experiment with Anti-Hepatitis B Core Antibody Serology Testing. J Appl Lab Med 2024; 9:415-417. [PMID: 38424721 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Ying Lo
- Geisinger Health System, Laboratory Medicine, Danville, PA, United States
| | - Hoi-Ying E Yu
- Geisinger Health System, Laboratory Medicine, Danville, PA, United States
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10
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Gul AR, Bal J, Xu P, Ghosh S, Yun T, Kailasa SK, Kim YH, Park TJ. Serodiagnosis of multiple cancers using an extracellular protein kinase A autoantibody-based lateral flow platform. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 246:115902. [PMID: 38056339 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular protein kinase A autoantibody (ECPKA-AutoAb) has been suggested as a universal cancer biomarker due to its higher amounts in serum of several types of cancer patients than that of normal individuals. Herein, we first developed a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) tool, using a sandwich format, toward ECPKA-AutoAb in human serum. For this format, 3G2 as a capture antibody was identified using hybridoma technique and a series of screenings where it showed superior capacity to recognize Enzo PKA catalytic subunit alpha (Cα), compared to other PKA antibodies and antigens. Using these components, we performed sandwich ELISA toward a mimic and real sample of ECPKA-AutoAb. As per the results, limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 135 ng/mL and ECPKA-AutoAb levels were higher in various cancer patients than in normal individuals like previous studies. Based on these results, we applied this sandwich format into LFIA tool and found that the LOD of the fabricated LFIA tool showed about 3.8 ng/mL using spiked PKA-Ab, which is significantly improved compared to the LOD of sandwich ELISA. Also, the developed LFIA tool demonstrated a remarkable ability to detect significant differences in ECPKA-AutoAb levels between normal and cancer patients within 15 min, showing a potential for point-of-care (PoC) detection. One interesting point is that our LFIA strip contains an additional conjugation pad II, named because of its position behind the conjugation pad, in which PKA Cα is dried, enabling a sandwich format.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anam Rana Gul
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jyotiranjan Bal
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Subhadeep Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea
| | - Taehyun Yun
- KNAX Ltd., D-1414, (Hanam Techno Valley U1 Center) 947, Hanam-daero, Hanam-si, Gyeonggi-do, 12982, Republic of Korea
| | - Suresh Kumar Kailasa
- Department of Chemistry, Sardar Vallabhbhai National Institute of Technology, Surat, 395 007, Gujrat, India
| | - Yeong Hyeock Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
| | - Tae Jung Park
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute of Chem-Bio Diagnostic Technology, Chung-Ang University, 84 Heukseok-ro, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 06974, Republic of Korea.
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11
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Zubach V, Beirnes J, Hayes S, Severini A, Hiebert J. Diagnostic accuracy of commercially available serological tests for the detection of measles and rubella viruses: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0133923. [PMID: 38275299 PMCID: PMC10865830 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01339-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Measles and rubella serological diagnoses are done by IgM detection. The World Health Organization Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network previously endorsed Siemens Enzygnost enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay kits, which have been discontinued. A recommended replacement has not been determined. We aimed to search for suitable replacements by conducting a systematic review and meta-analysis of IgM detection methods that are currently available for measles and rubella. A systematic literature search was performed in Medline, Embase, Global Health, Cochrane Central, and Scopus on March 22 and on 27 September 2023. Studies reporting measles and/or rubella IgM detection with terms around diagnostic accuracy were included. Risk of bias was assessed using QUADAS tools. Meta-DiSc and R were used for statistical analysis. Clinical samples totalling 5,579 from 28 index tests were included in the measles meta-analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of the individual measles studies ranged from 0.50 to 1.00 and 0.53 to 1.00, respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of all measles IgM detection methods were 0.94 (CI: 0.90-0.97) and 0.94 (CI: 0.91-0.97), respectively. Clinical samples totalling 4,983 from 15 index tests were included in the rubella meta-analysis. Sensitivity and specificity of the individual rubella studies ranged from 0.78 to 1.00 and 0.52 to 1.00, respectively. Pooled sensitivity and specificity of all rubella IgM detection methods were 0.97 (CI: 0.93-0.98) and 0.96 (CI: 0.93-0.98), respectively. Although more studies would be ideal, our results may provide valuable information when selecting IgM detection methods for measles and/or rubella.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Zubach
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jennifer Beirnes
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Shannon Hayes
- Corporate Services Branch, Health Canada and the Public Health Agency of Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Alberto Severini
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Joanne Hiebert
- Viral Exanthemata and STD Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, JC Wilt infectious Diseases Research Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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12
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Papp JR, Park IU, Fakile Y, Pereira L, Pillay A, Bolan GA. CDC Laboratory Recommendations for Syphilis Testing, United States, 2024. MMWR Recomm Rep 2024; 73:1-32. [PMID: 38319847 PMCID: PMC10849099 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.rr7301a1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
This report provides new CDC recommendations for tests that can support a diagnosis of syphilis, including serologic testing and methods for the identification of the causative agent Treponema pallidum. These comprehensive recommendations are the first published by CDC on laboratory testing for syphilis, which has traditionally been based on serologic algorithms to detect a humoral immune response to T. pallidum. These tests can be divided into nontreponemal and treponemal tests depending on whether they detect antibodies that are broadly reactive to lipoidal antigens shared by both host and T. pallidum or antibodies specific to T. pallidum, respectively. Both types of tests must be used in conjunction to help distinguish between an untreated infection or a past infection that has been successfully treated. Newer serologic tests allow for laboratory automation but must be used in an algorithm, which also can involve older manual serologic tests. Direct detection of T. pallidum continues to evolve from microscopic examination of material from lesions for visualization of T. pallidum to molecular detection of the organism. Limited point-of-care tests for syphilis are available in the United States; increased availability of point-of-care tests that are sensitive and specific could facilitate expansion of screening programs and reduce the time from test result to treatment. These recommendations are intended for use by clinical laboratory directors, laboratory staff, clinicians, and disease control personnel who must choose among the multiple available testing methods, establish standard operating procedures for collecting and processing specimens, interpret test results for laboratory reporting, and counsel and treat patients. Future revisions to these recommendations will be based on new research or technologic advancements for syphilis clinical laboratory science.
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13
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Wongphutorn P, Noordin R, Anuar NS, Worasith C, Kopolrat KY, Homwong C, Tippayawat P, Techasen A, Pitaksakurat O, Sithithaworn J, Eamudomkarn C, Sithithaworn P. Examination of Diagnostic Performance of New IgG4 Rapid Test Compared with IgG- and IgG4-ELISAs to Investigate Epidemiology of Strongyloidiasis in Northeast Thailand. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2024; 110:254-262. [PMID: 38190756 PMCID: PMC10859814 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Strongyloidiasis, caused by Strongyloides stercoralis, is a neglected tropical disease with a global distribution. The infection can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals, and accurate diagnosis leading to timely treatment can save lives. Serodiagnosis is a sensitive method for diagnosis and is recommended for screening high-risk individuals. A point-of-care rapid test will facilitate the screening activities, especially in low-resource settings. This study aims to apply a new IgG4 immunochromatographic test using S. stercoralis recombinant antigen (SsRapid® cassette test) and to compare it with in-house IgG and IgG4 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (IgG- and IgG4-ELISAs) using native Strongyloides ratti antigen to investigate the epidemiology of strongyloidiasis in northeast Thailand. A total of 300 people participated, with 136 males and 164 females of a similar mean age. The reference tests were fecal examinations using the formalin-ethyl acetate concentration technique and an agar plate culture technique. The prevalence of S. stercoralis determined by SsRapid (81.7%) was significantly higher than that by fecal examinations (43.3%) or by antibody detection by IgG-ELISA (53.0%) or IgG4-ELISA (44.0%). The diagnostic sensitivities of SsRapid, IgG-ELISA, and IgG4-ELISA were found to be 93.9%, 77.7%, and 63.1%, respectively. The rate of positive tests by the SsRapid was significantly correlated to the levels of Strongyloides-specific IgG4 and IgG antibodies. By all diagnostic methods, male participants had a significantly higher prevalence of strongyloidiasis than females. Age was significantly associated with the concentration of specific serum IgG but not with the SsRapid grading score. In conclusion, SsRapid was shown to be a sensitive and valuable diagnostic test for the epidemiology study of strongyloidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rahmah Noordin
- Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Nor Suhada Anuar
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chanika Worasith
- Department of Adult Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Kulthida Y. Kopolrat
- Faculty of Public Health, Kasetsart University Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Sakon Nakhon, Thailand
| | - Chutima Homwong
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Anchalee Techasen
- Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Opal Pitaksakurat
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | | | - Chatanun Eamudomkarn
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Research Institute, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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14
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Liu W, Li L, Yin M, Cao C, Song Y, Long X. High-speed centrifugation rather than Lipoclear reagent can be used for removing the interference of lipemia on serological tests of infectious diseases: AIDS, hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and syphilis by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29385. [PMID: 38318918 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the interference of lipemia on measurement of HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, anti-HCV, HIV Ag/Ab, and anti-TP in serum by chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (CMIA) and compare lipemia removing performance between high-speed centrifugation and Lipoclear reagent. Mixed native serum samples (NSs) and hyperlipemia serum samples (HLS) were prepared for the investigated parameters. The levels of these parameters in NS and HLS were determined by CMIA on an Abbott ARCHITECT i2000SR immunoassay analyzer. HBsAg, anti-HBs, and anti-TP were affected with relative bias >12.5% (acceptable limit) when the level of triacylglycerol (TG) was higher than 27.12 mmol/L in HLS. Clinically unacceptable bias were observed for HBeAg and anti-HBe in HLS with TG higher than 40.52 mmol/L. However, anti-HCV and HIV Ag/Ab were not interfered in severe lipemia with TG < 52.03 mmol/L. In addition, the Lipoclear reagent did not reduce the interference of lipemia with relative bias from -62.50% to -18.02%. The high-speed centrifugation under the optimized condition of 12 000g for 10 min successfully removed the interference of lipemia with relative bias from -5.93% to 0% for HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, and anti-TP. To conclude, high-speed centrifugation can be used for removing the interference of lipemia to measure HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, and anti-TP. Accordingly, a standardized sample preanalytical preparation of the patients and other screening participants as well as a specimen examination procedure for removing lipemia interference on the serological tests was recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Minggang Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengjian Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Yaohui Song
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
| | - Xia Long
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zigong First People's Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan, China
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15
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Lee K, Iguchi A, Terano C, Hataya H, Isobe J, Seto K, Ishijima N, Akeda Y, Ohnishi M, Iyoda S. Combined usage of serodiagnosis and O antigen typing to isolate Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O76:H7 from a hemolytic uremic syndrome case and genomic insights from the isolate. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0235523. [PMID: 38092668 PMCID: PMC10790564 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02355-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) is a life-threatening disease caused by Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) infection. The treatment approaches for STEC-mediated typical HUS and atypical HUS differ, underscoring the importance of rapid and accurate diagnosis. However, specific detection methods for STECs other than major serogroups, such as O157, O26, and O111, are limited. This study focuses on the utility of PCR-based O-serotyping, serum agglutination tests utilizing antibodies against the identified Og type, and isolation techniques employing antibody-conjugated immunomagnetic beads for STEC isolation. By employing these methods, we successfully isolated a STEC strain of a minor serotype, O76:H7, from a HUS patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenichi Lee
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iguchi
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Chikako Terano
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hataya
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Junko Isobe
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazuko Seto
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nozomi Ishijima
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihiro Akeda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Makoto Ohnishi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sunao Iyoda
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
| | - EHEC Working Group in JapanMorimotoYoOgawaKeikoIshiguroMakotoKikuchiMasayukiSampeiMikaAokiYokoSetoJunjiIshikawaKanakoSatoTakashiKikuchiKojiTomariKentaroUenoHiroyukiHazamaKyokoKikuchiTakashiYajimaMasayukiKanazawaSatokoKawaseMasaoKimataKeikoYuruzumeSayaShirozaMikaKitagawaEmikoYoshikawaMisaYokoyamaKojiOnoSatokoFurukawaYumiMatsuyamaMikiFurutaAyakoNodaMakikoKameyamaYoshihikoAotaTatsuakiKatamuneChiharuShimodaYukoAbeYuriTamuraSawakoFurukawaYurikaObaraAtsumi
- Department of Bacteriology I, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Animal and Grassland Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Tokyo Metropolitan Children’s Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Nephrology, Aichi Children’s Health and Medical Center, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Bacteriology, Toyama Institute of Health, Imizu, Toyama, Japan
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16
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von Possel R, Menge B, Deschermeier C, Fritzsche C, Hemmer C, Geerdes-Fenge H, Loebermann M, Schulz A, Lattwein E, Steinhagen K, Tönnies R, Ahrendt R, Emmerich P. Performance Analysis of Serodiagnostic Tests to Characterize the Incline and Decline of the Individual Humoral Immune Response in COVID-19 Patients: Impact on Diagnostic Management. Viruses 2024; 16:91. [PMID: 38257792 PMCID: PMC10820597 DOI: 10.3390/v16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Serodiagnostic tests for antibody detection to estimate the immunoprotective status regarding SARS-CoV-2 support diagnostic management. This study aimed to investigate the performance of serological assays for COVID-19 and elaborate on test-specific characteristics. Sequential samples (n = 636) of four panels (acute COVID-19, convalescent COVID-19 (partly vaccinated post-infection), pre-pandemic, and cross-reactive) were tested for IgG by indirect immunofluorescence test (IIFT) and EUROIMMUN EUROLINE Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Profile (IgG). Neutralizing antibodies were determined by a virus neutralization test (VNT) and two surrogate neutralization tests (sVNT, GenScript cPass, and EUROIMMUN SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA). Analysis of the acute and convalescent panels revealed high positive (78.3% and 91.6%) and negative (91.6%) agreement between IIFT and Profile IgG. The sVNTs revealed differences in their positive (cPass: 89.4% and 97.0%, NeutraLISA: 71.5% and 72.1%) and negative agreement with VNT (cPass: 92.3% and 50.0%, NeutraLISA: 95.1% and 92.5%) at a diagnostic specificity of 100% for all tests. The cPass showed higher inhibition rates than NeutraLISA at VNT titers below 1:640. Cross-reactivities were only found by cPass (57.1%). Serodiagnostic tests, which showed substantial agreement and fast runtime, could provide alternatives for cell-based assays. The findings of this study suggest that careful interpretation of serodiagnostic results obtained at different times after SARS-CoV-2 antigen exposure is crucial to support decision-making in diagnostic management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald von Possel
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Babett Menge
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Christina Deschermeier
- Diagnostics Development Laboratory, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carlos Fritzsche
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Christoph Hemmer
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Hilte Geerdes-Fenge
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Micha Loebermann
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Anette Schulz
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Erik Lattwein
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Katja Steinhagen
- Institute for Experimental Immunology, EUROIMMUN Medizinische Labordiagnostika AG, 23560 Lübeck, Germany
| | | | | | - Petra Emmerich
- Department for Virology, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Center of Internal Medicine II, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
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17
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Han LL, Lu QQ, Li YL, Zheng WW, Ren P, Liu RD, Cui J, Wang ZQ. Application of a recombinant novel trypsin from Trichinella spiralis for serodiagnosis of trichinellosis. Parasit Vectors 2024; 17:9. [PMID: 38178167 PMCID: PMC10768479 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-06067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The excretory/secretory (ES) antigen of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae (ML) is currently the most widely used diagnostic antigen to detect T. spiralis infection. However, this antigen has certain drawbacks, such as a complicated ES antigen preparation process and lower sensitivity during the early phase of infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the features of a novel T. spiralis trypsin (TsTryp) and evaluate its potential diagnostic value for trichinellosis. METHODS The TsTryp gene was cloned and recombinant TsTryp (rTsTryp) expressed. Western blotting and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to confirm the antigenicity of rTsTryp. The expression pattern and distribution signature of TsTryp at various life-cycle stages of T. spiralis were analyzed by quantitative PCR, western blotting and the immunofluorescence test. An ELISA with rTsTryp and ML ES antigens was used to detect immunoglobulins G and M (IgG, IgM) in serum samples of infected mice, swine and humans. The seropositive results were further confirmed by western blot with rTsTryp and ML ES antigens. RESULTS TsTryp expression was observed in diverse T. spiralis life-cycle phases, with particularly high expression in the early developmental phase (intestinal infectious larvae and adults), with distribution observed mainly at the nematode outer cuticle and stichosome. rTsTryp was identified by T. spiralis-infected mouse sera and anti-rTsTryp sera. Natural TsTryp protease was detected in somatic soluble and ES antigens of the nematode. In mice infected with 200 T. spiralis ML, serum-specific IgG was first detected by rTsTryp-ELISA at 8 days post-infection (dpi), reaching 100% positivity at 12 dpi, and first detected by ES-ELISA at 10 dpi, reaching 100% positivity at 14 dpi. Specific IgG was detected by rTsTryp 2 days earlier than by ES antigens. When specific IgG was determined in serum samples from trichinellosis patients, the sensitivity of rTsTryp-ELISA and ES antigens-ELISA was 98.1% (51/52 samples) and 94.2% (49/52 samples), respectively (P = 0.308), but the specificity of rTsTryp was significantly higher than that of ES antigens (98.7% vs. 95.4%; P = 0.030). Additionally, rTsTryp conferred a lower cross-reaction, with only three serum samples in total testing positive from 11 clonorchiasis, 20 cysticercosis and 24 echinococcosis patients (1 sample from each patient group). CONCLUSIONS TsTryp was shown to be an early and highly expressed antigen at intestinal T. spiralis stages, indicating that rTsTryp represents a valuable diagnostic antigen for the serodiagnosis of early Trichinella infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lu Han
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Qi Qi Lu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Yang Li Li
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Wen Wen Zheng
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Pian Ren
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Ruo Dan Liu
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
| | - Zhong Quan Wang
- Department of Parasitology, Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China.
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18
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Li Q, Dai J, Shi Y, Deng Q, Liao C, Huang J, Lu J. IgM-specific linear epitopes on the E2 protein for serodiagnosis of Chikungunya. Virus Res 2024; 339:199292. [PMID: 38042373 PMCID: PMC10714233 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2023.199292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Dengue virus (DENV) are vector-borne diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus that pose a significant threat to global public health. Cases of acute Chikungunya fever often present similar clinical symptoms to other vector-borne diseases, such as Dengue fever. In regions where multiple vector-borne diseases coexist, CHIKV is often overlooked or misdiagnosed as Dengue virus, West Nile virus, Zika virus or other viral infections, which delays its prevention and control. However, IgM antibodies directed against the E2 protein of CHIKV have not yet been generalized to clinical settings due to the low sensitivity and high cost in commercial kits. Indirect ELISA with peptides provides an effective supplementary tool for detecting CHIKV IgM antibodies. Our study aims at examining the potential of linear epitopes on the E2 glycoprotein that specifically bind to IgM antibodies as serodiagnostic tool for CHIKV. The sensitivity of the established peptide indirect ELISA method for detecting clinical samples is significantly better than that of commercial kits, realizing a beneficial supplement to the existing IgM antibody assay. It also established the groundwork for comprehending the biological mechanisms of the CHIKV E2 protein and the advancement of innovative epitope peptide vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlin Li
- Health Inspection and Quarantine Laboratory, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jun Dai
- Health Inspection and Quarantine Laboratory, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Yongxia Shi
- Health Inspection and Quarantine Laboratory, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Conghui Liao
- School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Jicheng Huang
- Health Inspection and Quarantine Laboratory, Guangzhou Customs Technology Center, Guangzhou 510623, China.
| | - Jiahai Lu
- International School of Public Health and One Health, Hainan Medical University, Hainan 571199, China; School of Public Health, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China.
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19
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Bernasconi C, Katugampola L, Wildum S. Comparison of influenza viral load in nasopharyngeal and midturbinate swabs. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13253. [PMID: 38260724 PMCID: PMC10800293 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Different specimen types are used for influenza diagnosis but comparative data for viral loads from different swab types are limited. We compared influenza viral loads (determined by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR]) in 93 paired midturbinate and nasopharyngeal swab aliquots from influenza infected patients enrolled in a phase 3 randomized-controlled study with the objective of maximizing the number of swabs available for sequence analysis. Midturbinate swabs yielded a 53% lower viral load versus nasopharyngeal swabs, and this difference was similar for influenza A and B. These data suggest that nasopharyngeal swabs might be preferred in diagnostic settings when obtaining higher viral load is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Bernasconi
- F. Hoffmann‐La Roche Ltd.BaselSwitzerland
- Present address:
Limites Medical Research Ltd.VacalloSwitzerland
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20
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Zóka A, Gönczi M, Baráth A, Steinhauser R, Bekő G. [Controversies, difficulties and changes in serological confirmatory testing]. Orv Hetil 2023; 164:2065-2073. [PMID: 38160413 DOI: 10.1556/650.2023.32938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
A diagnózis jelentősége és az elérhető szerológiatesztek fajlagossága egyaránt
indokolhatja, hogy egyes kórképekben az elsődleges vizsgálati eredmények
megerősítésre (konfirmálásra) szorulnak. A rekombináns antigéneken alapuló
szerológiai vizsgálatok elterjedése, a molekuláris módszerek elérhetővé válása
és a kórokozók szeroepidemiológiai változásai együttesen eredményezték, hogy a
vizsgálati algoritmusok az elmúlt években jelentősen átalakultak. A kereskedelmi
forgalomban hozzáférhető tesztek jellemzői, a vizsgálatkérés gyakorlata és a
vizsgálatokkal szembeni elvárások nem minden esetben tartottak lépést a
változásokkal, ami nehezíti a klinikus-labor kommunikációt. Jelen munkánk célja
áttekinteni a megerősítő vizsgálatok változásait, lehetőségeit, korlátait és
célszerű alkalmazását négy olyan fertőzés (hepatitis B-vírus,
Hepacivirus hominis, humán immundeficientia-vírus,
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato) esetében, amelynél az
eredmények értelmezése és az optimális vizsgálati algoritmus megválasztása
eddigi tapasztalataink szerint ellentmondásos. Orv Hetil. 2023; 164(52):
2065–2073.
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Affiliation(s)
- András Zóka
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Központi Laboratórium, Mikrobiológiai Profil 1097 Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7. Magyarország
| | - Márton Gönczi
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Központi Laboratórium, Mikrobiológiai Profil 1097 Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7. Magyarország
| | - András Baráth
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Központi Laboratórium, Mikrobiológiai Profil 1097 Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7. Magyarország
| | - Róbert Steinhauser
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Központi Laboratórium, Mikrobiológiai Profil 1097 Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7. Magyarország
| | - Gabriella Bekő
- 1 Dél-pesti Centrumkórház, Országos Hematológiai és Infektológiai Intézet, Központi Laboratórium, Mikrobiológiai Profil 1097 Budapest, Albert Flórián út 5-7. Magyarország
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21
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Montagud AC, Vicente-Alcalde N, Gabaldón-Bravo EM, Hurtado-Sánchez JA, Montagud E, Egoavil CM, Chavarría-Alarcón E, Caballero P, Tuells J. [COVID-19 vaccination at the University of Alicante (Spain): detection of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 by rapid serological test, a cross-sectional study]. Rev Esp Salud Publica 2023; 97:e202312111. [PMID: 38126466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 have shown to be an effective tool for the analysis of the immunity generated against COVID-19. Numerous seroprevalence studies carried out in different groups have made it possible to draw a global map of vaccination coverage through the use of rapid lateral flow immunochromatography serological tests for clinical and epidemiological purposes. The objective of our study was to determine the degree of immunity against SARS-CoV-2 associated with the presence of neutralizing antibodies in administrative staff, teachers and students at the University of Alicante by means of a rapid serological test and to learn about their experience with vaccination against COVID-19. METHODS A cross-sectional epidemiological study was designed, based on the prevalence of antibodies against the S protein (spike) of SARS-CoV-2. A total of 888 people participated. The study was carried out with a single test (July 6 to July 22, 2021). Using logistic regression, adjusted Odds Ratios were calculated according to sex, age, type of vaccine, number of vaccine doses received, complete vaccination schedule, and having had COVID-19. RESULTS The vaccines received mostly were Vaxzevria® and Comirnaty®, with 73.3% between both, although 67.2% presented a complete regimen. The results of the OJABIO rapid neutralizing antibody test gave a positive result in 61.4% of the sample. There was a high association between the variables COVID-19 infection, two doses of vaccine, Spikevax® or Comirnaty® vaccine, and eighteen/twenty-nine years old group with a positive result on the OJABIO test. A total of 712 subjects answered the parallel survey (80%) on adverse effects and preferences between the different vaccines against COVID-19. CONCLUSIONS The vaccination status against COVID-19 in the university community after six months of the start of national immunization strategies reflects low coverage despite the excellent willingness to get vaccinated. Neutralizing antibodies (NAb) rapid tests can be useful to guide immunization strategies and decide when to administer new booster doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana C Montagud
- Servicio de Inmunología; Plataforma oncológica; Hospital Quirónsalud Torrevieja. Alicante. España
| | - Nancy Vicente-Alcalde
- Departamento de Enfermería y Fisioterapia; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad CEU-Cardenal Herrera. Elche. España
| | - Eva M Gabaldón-Bravo
- Departamento de Enfermería; Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud; Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España
| | | | - Emilia Montagud
- Servicio de Farmacia de Atención Primaria; Departamento de Salud de Torrevieja. Alicante. España
| | - Cecilia M Egoavil
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante; Unidad de Farmacología Clínica. Alicante. España
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL). Alicante. España
| | | | - Pablo Caballero
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e historia de la ciencia; Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España
| | - José Tuells
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante (ISABIAL). Alicante. España
- Departamento de Enfermería Comunitaria, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública e historia de la ciencia; Universidad de Alicante. Alicante. España
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22
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Syage J, Ramos A, Loskutov V, Norum A, Bledsoe A, Choung RS, Dickason M, Sealey-Voyksner J, Murray J. Dynamics of Serologic Change to Gluten in Celiac Disease Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:5083. [PMID: 38140342 PMCID: PMC10746107 DOI: 10.3390/nu15245083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Serologic measures of tissue transglutaminase (tTG) immunoglobulin A (IgA) and deamidated gliadin peptide (DGP) IgA and immunoglobulin G (IgG) are hallmark tests utilized when diagnosing individuals for celiac disease (CeD) and for monitoring adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD), currently the only available treatment for CeD. We address two issues in this study: (i) the relapse to seropositivity for CeD patients who resume a gluten containing diet and (ii) the correlation between two different tTG-IgA assays near the upper limit of normal (ULN) designated thresholds. Regarding the first issue, often a suspected CeD individual is put back on a gluten diet to return to their serologic levels. However, we show it requires a substantial amount of gluten for serology to return to a positive level. For example, in one study of 22 patients treated with placebo and taking 84 g of gluten over 6 weeks, only two converted from seronegative to seropositive for tTG-IgA. Regarding the second topic, we compare the relationship for different serologic assays, namely tTG-IgA AB (recombinant, ULN = 4 units/mL) vs. tTG-IgA (non-recombinant, ULN = 20 units). There is a strong correlation between both measurements as evidenced by a Pearson coefficient of R = 0.8584; however, we observed that the cross-correlation in terms of sensitivity and specificity improved substantially by using an ULN value of three instead of four for the tTG-IgA AB (recombinant) assay. This result suggests that assay thresholds used for initial diagnosis in patients who have not yet started a GFD may need to be adjusted for monitoring and in the setting of a diagnostic gluten challenge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack Syage
- ImmunogenX, Inc., 1600 Dove Street, Suite 330, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA; (A.R.); (V.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Ana Ramos
- ImmunogenX, Inc., 1600 Dove Street, Suite 330, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA; (A.R.); (V.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Vasiliy Loskutov
- ImmunogenX, Inc., 1600 Dove Street, Suite 330, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA; (A.R.); (V.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Anna Norum
- ImmunogenX, Inc., 1600 Dove Street, Suite 330, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA; (A.R.); (V.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Adam Bledsoe
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Rok Seon Choung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Matthew Dickason
- ImmunogenX, Inc., 1600 Dove Street, Suite 330, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA; (A.R.); (V.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Jennifer Sealey-Voyksner
- ImmunogenX, Inc., 1600 Dove Street, Suite 330, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA; (A.R.); (V.L.); (M.D.)
| | - Joseph Murray
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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23
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Iatta R, Carbonara M, Morea A, Trerotoli P, Benelli G, Nachum-Biala Y, Mendoza-Roldan JA, Cavalera MA, Baneth G, Bandi C, Zatelli A, Otranto D. Assessment of the diagnostic performance of serological tests in areas where Leishmania infantum and Leishmania tarentolae occur in sympatry. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:352. [PMID: 37807047 PMCID: PMC10561492 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05981-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Visceral leishmaniosis caused by infection with the zoonotic protozoan Leishmania infantum is a life-threatening disease affecting dogs and humans. The sympatric occurrence of L. infantum and Leishmania tarentolae in an area of southern Italy endemic for canine leishmaniosis, where dogs are also exposed to the latter species, suggests the persistence of herpetophilic L. tarentolae in a non-permissive host, therefore raising questions about the performance of serological diagnostic tests routinely employed. METHODS The diagnostic performance of serological tests such as the immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT), two commercial immunoenzymatic assays (i.e. NovaTec VetLine Leishmania ELISA® and rK39 ICT®) and an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was evaluated in healthy dogs seropositive to L. infantum, whereas the only IFAT available was used to detect antibodies to L. tarentolae. RESULTS With the IFAT, out of a total of 104 dogs tested, 15 were seronegative for L. infantum of which three were L. tarentolae seropositive' and 89 were L. infantum seropositive. Of the latter 89 dogs, representing the highest proportion of seropositive animals (85.6%) detected by IFAT' 66 were also seropositive for L. tarentolae. Cohen's kappa (κ) agreement coefficient between the IFAT results and those of all the other tests was very low, and the IFAT results were significantly different from those of all the other serological tests as calculated by Cochran's Q-test. Analysis using the Bayesian latent class (Bayes-LCA) showed that the in-house ELISA and IFAT contributed the most towards identifying infected and non-infected dogs, respectively. The IFAT test showed low positive predictive value (59.5%), but high negative predictive value (100%). CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the IFAT for L. infantum, although highly sensitive, may not be considered a useful diagnostic test due to its low specificity. Therefore, an accurate serological tool with high specificity is mandatory for avoiding cross-reaction in epidemiological contexts where the two species of Leishmania occur in sympatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Iatta
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Mariaelisa Carbonara
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Anna Morea
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Paolo Trerotoli
- Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yaarit Nachum-Biala
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | | | | | - Gad Baneth
- School of Veterinary Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Department of Biosciences, Pediatric CRC "Romeo Ed Enrica Invernizzi"-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Zatelli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy
| | - Domenico Otranto
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Valenzano, Italy.
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran.
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de Rezende BS, Franca T, de Paula MAB, Cleveland HPK, Cena C, do Nascimento Ramos CA. Turning chaotic sample group clusterization into organized ones by feature selection: Application on photodiagnosis of Brucella abortus serological test. J Photochem Photobiol B 2023; 247:112781. [PMID: 37657188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2023.112781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
Bovine brucellosis diagnosis is a major problem to be solved; the disease has a tremendous economic impact with significant losses in meat and dairy products, besides the fact that it can be transmitted to humans. The sanitary measures instituted in Brazil are based on disease control through diagnosis, animal sacrifice, and vaccination. Although the currently available diagnostic tests show suitable quality parameters, they are time-consuming, and the incidence of false-positive and/or false-negative results is still observed, hindering effective disease control. The development of a low-cost, fast, and accurate brucellosis diagnosis test remains a need for proper sanitary measures at a large-scale analysis. In this context, spectroscopy techniques associated with machine learning tools have shown great potential for use in diagnostic tests. In this study, bovine blood serum was investigated by UV-vis spectroscopy and machine learning algorithms to build a prediction model for Brucella abortus diagnosis. Here we first pre-treated the UV raw data by using Standard Normal Deviate method to remove baseline deviation, then apply principal component analysis - a clustering method - to observe the group formation tendency; the first results showed no clustering tendency with a messy sample score distribution, then we properly select the main principal components to improve clusterization. Finally, by using machine learning algorithms (SVM and KNN), the predicting models achieved a 92.5% overall accuracy. The present methodology provides a test result in an average time of 5 min, while the standard diagnosis, with the screening and confirmatory tests, can take up to 48 h. The present result demonstrates the method's viability for diagnosing bovine brucellosis, which can significantly contribute to disease control programs in Brazil and other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Silva de Rezende
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Thiago Franca
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Optics and Photonic Lab (SISFOTON-UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | - Maykko Antônyo Bravo de Paula
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia (FAMEZ), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
| | | | - Cícero Cena
- UFMS - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Optics and Photonic Lab (SISFOTON-UFMS), Campo Grande, MS, Brazil.
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Kuroda Y, Watanabe K, Yamamoto T, Suzuki H, Park ES, Ishijima K, Tatemoto K, Virhuez-Mendoza M, Inoue Y, Harada M, Nishino A, Sekizuka T, Kuroda M, Fujimoto T, Ishihara G, Horie R, Kawamoto K, Maeda K. Pet Animals Were Infected with SARS-CoV-2 from Their Owners Who Developed COVID-19: Case Series Study. Viruses 2023; 15:2028. [PMID: 37896805 PMCID: PMC10612050 DOI: 10.3390/v15102028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection among pets owned by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients has been reported around the world. However, how often the animals are exposed to SARS-CoV-2 by their owners is still unclear. We have collected swab samples from COVID-19 patients' pets and performed real-time RT-PCR to detect the viral genome. In total, 8 of 53 dogs (15.1%) and 5 of 34 cats (14.7%) tested positive for the SARS-CoV-2 N gene. The result of a virus neutralization (VN) test also showed VN antibodies in four cats and six dogs. Our results indicate that the virus often passed from infected owners to their pets, which then excreted the virus despite having no or mild clinical signs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yudai Kuroda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kei Watanabe
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Yamamoto
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Hiroki Suzuki
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Eun-sil Park
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Keita Ishijima
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Kango Tatemoto
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Milagros Virhuez-Mendoza
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Michiko Harada
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Ayano Nishino
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Sekizuka
- Pathogen Genomics Center, NIID, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Makoto Kuroda
- Pathogen Genomics Center, NIID, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tsuguto Fujimoto
- Department of Fungal Infection, NIID, Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Genki Ishihara
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Ryo Horie
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kawamoto
- Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Nishi-shinjuku, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Ken Maeda
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
- Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yoshida, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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26
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Göçer Gürok N. Analysis of the incidence of anogenital warts and serological test results for other sexually transmitted infections. Acta Dermatovenerol Alp Pannonica Adriat 2023; 32:83-86. [PMID: 37749967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Anogenital warts (AGWs) are proliferative lesions mainly presenting in the anal, genital, and perianal regions. They are one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted infections globally. METHODS The study included patients that presented at the Dermatology Clinic of Health Sciences, University Elaziğ, Fethi Sekin City Hospital between January 2019 and December 2022 and were diagnosed with AGWs. Patients that presented with this diagnosis and were screened for other sexually transmitted infections (HBsAg, anti-HBs, anti-HCV, anti-HIV, VDRL, and TPHA) were identified. Epidemiological and demographic patient data and the results of serological tests for other sexually transmitted infections in the last 4 years were analyzed. The patient data and examination results were collected retrospectively based on the hospital automated patient records. RESULTS AGW incidence was significantly higher in males. The mean patient age was 32, and the mean female patient age was lower than that of males. It was observed that the number of patients that were followed up with an AGW diagnosis increased significantly during the last 4 years (p < 0.05). The study detected 2.2% HBsAg, 0.6% TPHA, 0.3% VDRL, 0.5% anti-HCV, and 56.5% anti-HBs positivity. No anti-HIV-positive patients were identified. None of the patients had more than one sexually transmitted infection on serology testing. CONCLUSIONS Although the serological findings were higher when compared to certain studies and quite low when compared to others, it would be beneficial to evaluate all patients with AGWs for other sexually transmitted infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neşe Göçer Gürok
- Department of Dermatology, Fethi Sekin City Hospital, Elaziğ, Turkey
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27
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Oliveira D, Lopes KF, de Avelar DM, Cota G, Oliveira E. Accuracy of serological tests in diagnosing mucosal leishmaniasis. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2001-2010. [PMID: 37391643 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07900-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
In this serum panel-based study, we evaluated the accuracy of serological tests originally developed for visceral leishmaniasis (VL), for diagnosis of mucosal leishmaniasis (ML). A total of five tests were evaluated, four of which are registered at the National Agency of Sanitary Surveillance (Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária-ANVISA) (RIDASCREEN® Leishmania Ab from R-Biopharm AG., Leishmania ELISA IgG + IgM from Vircell S.L., IFI Leishmaniose Humana-BioManguinhos, and IT-LEISH® from Bio-Rad Laboratories, Inc.), and the other a direct agglutination test (DAT-LPC) prototype kit developed at Fiocruz. The panel was composed of 40 serum samples from patients with confirmed ML and 20 from patients with mucosal involvement and negative parasitological/molecular tests for leishmaniasis and confirmation of another etiology. All cases were treated from 2009 to 2016 in a referral center for leishmaniasis in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil (Instituto René Rachou, Fiocruz). Diagnostic accuracy, based on the cut-off point for VL diagnosis, was 86.2% with RIDASCREEN® Leishmania Ab, 73.3% with Leishmania ELISA IgG + IgM, and 66.7% with IFI Leishmaniose Humana, while IT-LEISH® and DAT-LPC had the lowest accuracy (38.3%), despite high specificity (100% and 95%, respectively). New cut-off points defined with sera from ML patients improved accuracy from 86.2 to 89% (p = 0.64) and 73.3 to 88% (p = 0.04) for RIDASCREEN® Leishmania Ab and Leishmania ELISA IgG + IgM, respectively. Moreover, these tests presented greater sensitivity and immunoreactivity in patients with moderate/severe clinical ML forms. The data of this study suggest that ELISA assays can contribute to laboratory diagnosis, especially for patients with moderate or severe mucosal involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Oliveira
- Clinical Research and Public Politics in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karine Ferreira Lopes
- Clinical Research and Public Politics in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniel Moreira de Avelar
- Clinical Research and Public Politics in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gláucia Cota
- Clinical Research and Public Politics in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
| | - Edward Oliveira
- Clinical Research and Public Politics in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Instituto René Rachou, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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28
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Sharifi Y, Sadjjadi SM, Jafari SH, Nikoupour Deilami H, Mardani P, Solgi R. Application and evaluation of native antigen B from Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto and E. canadensis alone or mixture for serodiagnosis of human G1-G3 and G6/G7 genotypes cystic echinococcosis sera, using ELISA and Western blotting. Parasitol Res 2023; 122:2227-2236. [PMID: 37438467 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-023-07924-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is one of the most important helminthic diseases in the world with different genotypes distribution. The application of specific genotype antigens together with sera from patients with specific cyst genotypes have not been reported, so far. The present study aimed to apply and evaluate native AgB from Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (Eg) and Echinococcus canadensis (Ec) alone or mixture for serodiagnosis of human G1-G3 and G6/G7 genotypes cystic echinococcosis sera, using ELISA and Western blotting. A total of 47 human sera along with 47 human CE cysts were collected. CE genotypes were determined. Native AgB were prepared from E. granulosus s.s and E. canadensis genotypes. ELISA and Western blot were performed on human specific G1-G3 and G6/G7 genotypes sera. Species specific native AgB were used alone or mixed. The sensitivity of ELISA using alone and mixed 1Eg-1Ec, 1Eg-2Ec, and 2Eg-1Ec of native AgB from E. granulosus s.s and E. canadensis genotypes for human G1-G3 sera were 92.10, 89.47, 97.37, 100, and 100%, respectively; while using AgBs, alone and mixed for human G6/G7 sera were 100%. The sensitivity of Western blotting using native AgB of E. granulosus s.s and E. canadensis genotypes alone and mixed 2Eg-1Ec were 78.95% and 100% for human G1-G3 and G6/G7 genotypes sera, respectively. The mixture of AgB from Echinoccus granulosus sensu stricto and Echinococcus canadensis genotypes increased ELISA sensitivity for the diagnosis of human CE. Preparation and application of native AgB from specific and prevalent genotypes of CE in endemic regions is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosef Sharifi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Sadjjadi
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
- Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran.
| | - Seyed Hamed Jafari
- Medical Imaging Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | | | - Parviz Mardani
- Thoracic and Vascular Surgery Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Rahmat Solgi
- Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
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29
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Zhou J, Singanayagam A, Goonawardane N, Moshe M, Sweeney FP, Sukhova K, Killingley B, Kalinova M, Mann AJ, Catchpole AP, Barer MR, Ferguson NM, Chiu C, Barclay WS. Viral emissions into the air and environment after SARS-CoV-2 human challenge: a phase 1, open label, first-in-human study. Lancet Microbe 2023; 4:e579-e590. [PMID: 37307844 PMCID: PMC10256269 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(23)00101-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effectively implementing strategies to curb SARS-CoV-2 transmission requires understanding who is contagious and when. Although viral load on upper respiratory swabs has commonly been used to infer contagiousness, measuring viral emissions might be more accurate to indicate the chance of onward transmission and identify likely routes. We aimed to correlate viral emissions, viral load in the upper respiratory tract, and symptoms, longitudinally, in participants who were experimentally infected with SARS-CoV-2. METHODS In this phase 1, open label, first-in-human SARS-CoV-2 experimental infection study at quarantine unit at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK, healthy adults aged 18-30 years who were unvaccinated for SARS-CoV-2, not previously known to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, and seronegative at screening were recruited. Participants were inoculated with 10 50% tissue culture infectious dose of pre-alpha wild-type SARS-CoV-2 (Asp614Gly) by intranasal drops and remained in individual negative pressure rooms for a minimum of 14 days. Nose and throat swabs were collected daily. Emissions were collected daily from the air (using a Coriolis μ air sampler and directly into facemasks) and the surrounding environment (via surface and hand swabs). All samples were collected by researchers, and tested by using PCR, plaque assay, or lateral flow antigen test. Symptom scores were collected using self-reported symptom diaries three times daily. The study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04865237. FINDINGS Between March 6 and July 8, 2021, 36 participants (ten female and 26 male) were recruited and 18 (53%) of 34 participants became infected, resulting in protracted high viral loads in the nose and throat following a short incubation period, with mild-to-moderate symptoms. Two participants were excluded from the per-protocol analysis owing to seroconversion between screening and inoculation, identified post hoc. Viral RNA was detected in 63 (25%) of 252 Coriolis air samples from 16 participants, 109 (43%) of 252 mask samples from 17 participants, 67 (27%) of 252 hand swabs from 16 participants, and 371 (29%) of 1260 surface swabs from 18 participants. Viable SARS-CoV-2 was collected from breath captured in 16 masks and from 13 surfaces, including four small frequently touched surfaces and nine larger surfaces where airborne virus could deposit. Viral emissions correlated more strongly with viral load in nasal swabs than throat swabs. Two individuals emitted 86% of airborne virus, and the majority of airborne virus collected was released on 3 days. Individuals who reported the highest total symptom scores were not those who emitted most virus. Very few emissions occurred before the first reported symptom (7%) and hardly any before the first positive lateral flow antigen test (2%). INTERPRETATION After controlled experimental inoculation, the timing, extent, and routes of viral emissions was heterogeneous. We observed that a minority of participants were high airborne virus emitters, giving support to the notion of superspreading individuals or events. Our data implicates the nose as the most important source of emissions. Frequent self-testing coupled with isolation upon awareness of first symptoms could reduce onward transmissions. FUNDING UK Vaccine Taskforce of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy of Her Majesty's Government.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anika Singanayagam
- Section of Adult Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Maya Moshe
- Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Ksenia Sukhova
- Section of Virology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Ben Killingley
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University College London Hospital, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Michael R Barer
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Neil M Ferguson
- Department of Infectious Disease, and MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher Chiu
- Section of Adult Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, UK
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30
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Mahdavi R, Shams-Eldin H, Witt S, Latz A, Heinz D, Fresco-Taboada A, Aira C, Hübner MP, Sukyte D, Visekruna A, Teixeira HC, Abass E, Steinhoff U. Development of a Novel Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay and Lateral Flow Test System for Improved Serodiagnosis of Visceral Leishmaniasis in Different Areas of Endemicity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0433822. [PMID: 37074181 PMCID: PMC10269724 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04338-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is caused by protozoan parasites of the Leishmania donovani complex and is one of the most prominent vector-borne infectious diseases with epidemic and mortality potential if not correctly diagnosed and treated. East African countries suffer from a very high incidence of VL, and although several diagnostic tests are available for VL, diagnosis continues to represent a big challenge in these countries due to the lack of sensitivity and specificity of current serological tools. Based on bioinformatic analysis, a new recombinant kinesin antigen from Leishmania infantum (rKLi8.3) was developed. The diagnostic performance of rKLi8.3 was evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow test (LFT) on a panel of sera from Sudanese, Indian, and South American patients diagnosed with VL or other diseases, including tuberculosis, malaria, and trypanosomiasis. The diagnostic accuracy of rKLi8.3 was compared with rK39 and rKLO8 antigens. The VL-specific sensitivity of rK39, rKLO8, and rKLi8.3 ranged from 91.2% over 92.4% to 97.1% and specificity ranged from 93.6% over 97.6% to 99.2%, respectively. In India, all tests showed a comparable specificity of 90.9%, while the sensitivity ranged from 94.7% to 100% (rKLi8.3). In contrast to commercial serodiagnostic tests, rKLi8.3-based ELISA and LFT showed improved sensitivity and no cross-reactivity with other parasitic diseases. Thus, rKLi8.3-based ELISA and LFT offer improved VL serodiagnostic efficiency in East Africa and other areas of endemicity. IMPORTANCE Reliable and field suitable serodiagnosis of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in East Africa has until now been a big challenge due to low sensitivity and cross-reactivity with other pathogens. To improve VL serodiagnosis, a new recombinant kinesin antigen from Leishmania infantum (rKLi8.3) was developed and tested with a panel of sera from Sudanese, Indian, and South American patients diagnosed with VL or other infectious diseases. Both prototype rKLi8.3-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and lateral flow test (LFT) showed improved sensitivity and no cross-reactivity with other parasitic diseases. Thus, rKLi8.3-based ELISA and LFT offer substantially increased diagnostic efficiency for VL in East Africa and other areas of endemicity, compared to currently commercially available serodiagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouzbeh Mahdavi
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Hosam Shams-Eldin
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sandra Witt
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Latz
- Novatec Immundiagnostica GmbH, part of Gold Standard Diagnostics Europe, Dietzenbach, Germany
| | - Daniela Heinz
- Novatec Immundiagnostica GmbH, part of Gold Standard Diagnostics Europe, Dietzenbach, Germany
| | - Alba Fresco-Taboada
- Eurofins-Immunologia y Genética Aplicada S.A. (Eurofins Ingenasa S.A.), Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Aira
- Eurofins-Immunologia y Genética Aplicada S.A. (Eurofins Ingenasa S.A.), Madrid, Spain
| | - Marc P. Hübner
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, Bonn, Germany
| | - Dalia Sukyte
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Visekruna
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Henrique C. Teixeira
- Department of Parasitology, Microbiology and Immunology, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil
| | - Elfadil Abass
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ulrich Steinhoff
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hospital Hygiene, Philipps University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
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31
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Alamian S, Bahreinipour A, Amiry K, Dadar M. The Control Program of Brucellosis by the Iranian Veterinary Organization in Industrial Dairy Cattle Farms. Arch Razi Inst 2023; 78:1107-1114. [PMID: 38028819 PMCID: PMC10657940 DOI: 10.22092/ari.2022.360508.2586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Brucellosis is a zoonotic infection in livestock that induces a major public health concern in developing countries, including Iran. Despite the efforts of the Iranian veterinary organization (IVO) to control brucellosis, it is still prevalent in domestic animals. In this regard, the present study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the control strategy used by the IVO in infected herds on serological, cultural, and molecular methods. For this purpose, blood specimens were sampled from a total of 8750 vaccinated dairy cattle in two Brucella-infected farms. These farms were recognized as positive for Brucella by a screening program. Sera were evaluated by the Rose Bengal Plate Test and Wright test analysis. Positive dairy cattle were slaughtered under IVO supervision. The remaining cattle were evaluated every 3 weeks and positive animals were slaughtered. This procedure continued until the remaining animals revealed three successive negative responses in serological tests. Several lymph nodes and milk samples were collected from 164 seropositive cattle and subjected to bacterial isolation and confirmation by Bruceladder-polymerase chain reaction. Brucella melitensis biovar 1 and RB51 vaccine strains were recovered from milk and lymph node samples, respectively. Shedding of B. melitensis in the milk of vaccinated cows is a serious problem resulting in the further spread of brucellosis. The policy of "test and slaughter" performed on infected dairy cattle farms showed their usefulness for the control of brucellosis outbreaks. For the uncontrolled spread of brucellosis in Iran, effective control of bovine brucellosis required several serological surveillances to identify infected herds, eradication of the reservoirs, and vaccination of young heifers with RB51.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Alamian
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | | | - K Amiry
- Iranian Veterinary Organization, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
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32
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Dean NE, Howard DH, Lopman BA. Serological Studies and the Value of Information. Am J Public Health 2023; 113:517-519. [PMID: 36893371 PMCID: PMC10088957 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2023.307245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natalie E Dean
- Natalie E. Dean, David H. Howard, and Benjamin A. Lopman are with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - David H Howard
- Natalie E. Dean, David H. Howard, and Benjamin A. Lopman are with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Benjamin A Lopman
- Natalie E. Dean, David H. Howard, and Benjamin A. Lopman are with the Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
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Pagniez J, Petitdidier E, Parra-Zuleta O, Pissarra J, Bras-Gonçalves R. A systematic review of peptide-based serological tests for the diagnosis of leishmaniasis. Parasite 2023; 30:10. [PMID: 37010451 PMCID: PMC10069404 DOI: 10.1051/parasite/2023011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Serological methods should meet the needs of leishmaniasis diagnosis due to their high sensitivity and specificity, economical and adaptable rapid diagnostic test format, and ease of use. Currently, the performances of serological diagnostic tests, despite improvements with recombinant proteins, vary greatly depending on the clinical form of leishmaniasis and the endemic area. Peptide-based serological tests are promising as they could compensate for antigenic variability and improve performance, independently of Leishmania species and subspecies circulating in the endemic areas. The objective of this systematic review was to inventory all studies published from 2002 to 2022 that evaluate synthetic peptides for serological diagnosis of human leishmaniases and also to highlight the performance (e.g., sensitivity and specificity) of each peptide reported in these studies. All clinical forms of leishmaniasis, visceral and tegumentary, and all Leishmania species responsible for these diseases were considered. Following PRISMA statement recommendations, 1,405 studies were identified but only 22 articles met the selection criteria and were included in this systematic review. These original research articles described 77 different peptides, of which several have promising performance for visceral or tegumentary leishmaniasis diagnosis. This review highlights the importance of and growing interest in synthetic peptides used for serological diagnosis of leishmaniases, and their performances compared to some widely used tests with recombinant proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Pagniez
- UMR177 INTERTRYP 911 avenue Agropolis B.P. 64501 34394 Montpellier France
| | - Elodie Petitdidier
- UMR177 INTERTRYP 911 avenue Agropolis B.P. 64501 34394 Montpellier France
| | | | - Joana Pissarra
- UMR177 INTERTRYP 911 avenue Agropolis B.P. 64501 34394 Montpellier France
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Aita T, Sando E, Katoh S, Hamaguchi S, Fujita H, Kurita N. Serological Cross-Reactivity Between Spotted Fever and Typhus Groups of Rickettsia Infection in Japan. Int J Infect Dis 2023; 130:178-181. [PMID: 36907548 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2023.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We examined the frequency of cross-reactions to Rickettsia typhi in patients with Japanese spotted fever (JSF) and evaluated the differences between two rickettsiae using antibody endpoint titers. METHODS Patients' IgM and IgG titers against Rickettsia japonica and R. typhi in two phases were measured using an indirect immunoperoxidase assay at two reference centers for rickettsiosis in Japan. Cross-reaction was defined as a higher titer against R. typhi in convalescent sera than in acute sera among patients fulfilling the criteria for JSF diagnosis. The frequencies of IgM and IgG were also evaluated. RESULTS Approximately 20% of cases showed positive cross-reactions. A comparison of antibody titers revealed the difficulty in identifying some positive cases. CONCLUSIONS Cross-reactions of 20% in serodiagnosis may lead to the misclassification of rickettsial diseases. However, with the exception of some cases, we were able to successfully differentiate JSF from murine typhus using each endpoint titer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuro Aita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Eiichiro Sando
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Infectious Diseases, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kita-Fukushima Medical Center, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Rickettsioses, Kita-Fukushima Medical Center, Fukushima, Japan.
| | - Shungo Katoh
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Clinical Infectious Diseases, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of General Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Kita-Fukushima Medical Center, Fukushima, Japan; Institute of Rickettsioses, Kita-Fukushima Medical Center, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Sugihiro Hamaguchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Hiromi Fujita
- Institute of Rickettsioses, Kita-Fukushima Medical Center, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Noriaki Kurita
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Graduate School of Medicine, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan; Department of Innovative Research and Education for Clinicians and Trainees (DiRECT), Fukushima Medical University Hospital, Fukushima, Japan
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Shome R, Patra S, Sahib MM, Shanmugam G, Dubey S, Skariah S, Shamshad S, Barman NN, Bora DP, Shome A, Mohandoss N, Shome BR. Evaluation of an in-house IgM/IgG lateral flow assay for serodiagnosis of human brucellosis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2023; 42:55-58. [PMID: 36967218 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2023.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of an in-house lateral flow assay (LFA) for the detection of IgM/IgG anti-Brucella antibodies for rapid serodiagnosis of human brucellosis. Three groups of sera samples including 476 from high-risk individuals, 27 from culture-confirmed patients, and 43 from healthy blood donors were used for evaluation of LFA. In comparison with iELISA, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of LFA were >95%, >99%, and 99% respectively. Considering the very good agreement, accuracy, simplicity, and rapidity, LFAs might be useful as a point of care test for the diagnosis of human brucellosis in resource-limited laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeswari Shome
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India.
| | - Sudipta Patra
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Muneera Mohamed Sahib
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - G Shanmugam
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Shiva Dubey
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Somy Skariah
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Samer Shamshad
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Nagendra Nath Barman
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - Durlav Prasad Bora
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - Arijit Shome
- College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Khanapara, Guwahati, 781022, India
| | - Nagalingam Mohandoss
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
| | - Bibek Ranjan Shome
- Indian Council for Agricultural Research, National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bengalore, 560064, India
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Prudencio CR, Gomes da Costa V, Rocha LB, da Costa HHM, Orts DJB, da Silva Santos FR, Rahal P, Lino NAB, da Conceição PJP, Bittar C, Machado RRG, Durigon EL, Araujo JP, Polatto JM, da Silva MA, de Oliveira JA, Mitsunari T, Pereira LR, Andreata-Santos R, de Souza Ferreira LC, Luz D, Piazza RMF. Identification of Zika Virus NS1-Derived Peptides with Potential Applications in Serological Tests. Viruses 2023; 15:v15030654. [PMID: 36992364 PMCID: PMC10052002 DOI: 10.3390/v15030654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a mosquito-borne pathogen, is an emerging arbovirus associated with sporadic symptomatic cases of great medical concern, particularly among pregnant women and newborns affected with neurological disorders. Serological diagnosis of ZIKV infection is still an unmet challenge due to the co-circulation of the dengue virus, which shares extensive sequence conservation of structural proteins leading to the generation of cross-reactive antibodies. In this study, we aimed to obtain tools for the development of improved serological tests for the detection of ZIKV infection. Polyclonal sera (pAb) and a monoclonal antibody (mAb 2F2) against a recombinant form of the ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) allowed the identification of linear peptide epitopes of the NS1 protein. Based on these findings, six chemically synthesized peptides were tested both in dot blot and ELISA assays using convalescent sera collected from ZIKV-infected patients. Two of these peptides specifically detected the presence of ZIKV antibodies and proved to be candidates for the detection of ZIKV-infected subjects. The availability of these tools opens perspectives for the development of NS1-based serological tests with enhanced sensitivity regarding other flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Roberto Prudencio
- Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.R.P.); (D.L.); (R.M.F.P.); Tel.: +55-11-3068-2886 (C.R.P.); +55-11-2627-9708 (D.L.); +55-11-2627-9724 (R.M.F.P.)
| | - Vivaldo Gomes da Costa
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Leticia Barboza Rocha
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Hernan Hermes Monteiro da Costa
- Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Diego José Belato Orts
- Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Felipe Rocha da Silva Santos
- Laboratório de Imunobiotecnologia, Centro de Imunologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, Av. Dr. Arnaldo, 351, São Paulo 01246-902, SP, Brazil
| | - Paula Rahal
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nikolas Alexander Borsato Lino
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Pâmela Jóyce Previdelli da Conceição
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintia Bittar
- Instituto de Biociências Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, São Jose do Rio Preto 15054-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rahal Guaragna Machado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - João Pessoa Araujo
- Instituto de Biotecnologia, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu 18607-440, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Moutinho Polatto
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Miriam Aparecida da Silva
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Joyce Araújo de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais Mitsunari
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Lennon Ramos Pereira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Robert Andreata-Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Luís Carlos de Souza Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
- Plataforma Científica Pasteur USP, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Luz
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.R.P.); (D.L.); (R.M.F.P.); Tel.: +55-11-3068-2886 (C.R.P.); +55-11-2627-9708 (D.L.); +55-11-2627-9724 (R.M.F.P.)
| | - Roxane Maria Fontes Piazza
- Laboratório de Bacteriologia, Instituto Butantan, Av. Vital Brazil, 1500, São Paulo 05503-900, SP, Brazil
- Correspondence: (C.R.P.); (D.L.); (R.M.F.P.); Tel.: +55-11-3068-2886 (C.R.P.); +55-11-2627-9708 (D.L.); +55-11-2627-9724 (R.M.F.P.)
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Pearlman MD. Reducing HSV-2 Morbidity and Mortality: Routine Serologic Screening Still Not the Best Answer. JAMA 2023; 329:469-471. [PMID: 36786801 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.24870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Pearlman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Health System, Ann Arbor
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38
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Asher GN, Feltner C, Harrison WN, Schwimmer E, Rains C, Jonas DE. Serologic Screening for Genital Herpes: Updated Evidence Report and Systematic Review for the US Preventive Services Task Force. JAMA 2023; 329:510-512. [PMID: 36786798 PMCID: PMC9929693 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2022.20356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
This systematic review to support the 2023 US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement on serologic screening for genital herpes summarizes published evidence on the benefits and harms of screening and interventions for genital herpes in asymptomatic sexually active adolescents, adults, and pregnant persons with no clinical history of genital herpes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary N. Asher
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Cynthia Feltner
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Wade N. Harrison
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - Emmanuel Schwimmer
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
| | - Caroline Rains
- RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Daniel E. Jonas
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus
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Rodriguez-Watson CV, Louder AM, Kabelac C, Frederick CM, Sheils NE, Eldridge EH, Lin ND, Pollock BD, Gatz JL, Grannis SJ, Vashisht R, Ghauri K, Knepper C, Leonard S, Embi PJ, Jenkinson G, Klesh R, Garner OB, Patel A, Dahm L, Barin A, Cooper DM, Andriola T, Byington CL, Crews BO, Butte AJ, Allen J. Real-world performance of SARS-Cov-2 serology tests in the United States, 2020. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279956. [PMID: 36735683 PMCID: PMC9897562 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Real-world performance of COVID-19 diagnostic tests under Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) must be assessed. We describe overall trends in the performance of serology tests in the context of real-world implementation. METHODS Six health systems estimated the odds of seropositivity and positive percent agreement (PPA) of serology test among people with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection by molecular test. In each dataset, we present the odds ratio and PPA, overall and by key clinical, demographic, and practice parameters. RESULTS A total of 15,615 people were observed to have at least one serology test 14-90 days after a positive molecular test for SARS-CoV-2. We observed higher PPA in Hispanic (PPA range: 79-96%) compared to non-Hispanic (60-89%) patients; in those presenting with at least one COVID-19 related symptom (69-93%) as compared to no such symptoms (63-91%); and in inpatient (70-97%) and emergency department (93-99%) compared to outpatient (63-92%) settings across datasets. PPA was highest in those with diabetes (75-94%) and kidney disease (83-95%); and lowest in those with auto-immune conditions or who are immunocompromised (56-93%). The odds ratios (OR) for seropositivity were higher in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics (OR range: 2.59-3.86), patients with diabetes (1.49-1.56), and obesity (1.63-2.23); and lower in those with immunocompromised or autoimmune conditions (0.25-0.70), as compared to those without those comorbidities. In a subset of three datasets with robust information on serology test name, seven tests were used, two of which were used in multiple settings and met the EUA requirement of PPA ≥87%. Tests performed similarly across datasets. CONCLUSION Although the EUA requirement was not consistently met, more investigation is needed to understand how serology and molecular tests are used, including indication and protocol fidelity. Improved data interoperability of test and clinical/demographic data are needed to enable rapid assessment of the real-world performance of in vitro diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla V. Rodriguez-Watson
- Reagan-Udall Foundation for the FDA, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | | | - Carly Kabelac
- Aetion, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | | | - Nancy D. Lin
- Health Catalyst, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer L. Gatz
- Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Shaun J. Grannis
- Regenstrief Institute, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
- Department of Family Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Rohit Vashisht
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Kanwal Ghauri
- Reagan-Udall Foundation for the FDA, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
| | | | - Sandy Leonard
- HealthVerity, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Embi
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | | | - Reyna Klesh
- HealthVerity, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Omai B. Garner
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, UCLA Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Ayan Patel
- Center for Data-Driven Insights and Innovation, University of California Health, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Lisa Dahm
- Center for Data-Driven Insights and Innovation, University of California Health, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Aiden Barin
- Center for Data-Driven Insights and Innovation, University of California Health, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Dan M. Cooper
- Center for Data-Driven Insights and Innovation, University of California Health, Oakland, California, United States of America
- Pediatric Exercise and Genomics Research Center, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Tom Andriola
- Center for Data-Driven Insights and Innovation, University of California Health, Oakland, California, United States of America
- Office of Data and Information Technology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Carrie L. Byington
- Center for Data-Driven Insights and Innovation, University of California Health, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Bridgit O. Crews
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, United States of America
| | - Atul J. Butte
- Bakar Computational Health Sciences Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- Center for Data-Driven Insights and Innovation, University of California Health, Oakland, California, United States of America
| | - Jeff Allen
- Friends of Cancer Research, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
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Caza TN, Larsen CP. Serologic Studies in Membranous Nephropathy: Novel Strategies and Strengthened Associations. Kidney360 2023; 4:128-130. [PMID: 36821602 PMCID: PMC10103315 DOI: 10.34067/kid.0000000000000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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Dalekos GN, Gatselis NK. Autoimmune serology testing in clinical practice: An updated roadmap for the diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis. Eur J Intern Med 2023; 108:9-17. [PMID: 36400668 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) is in most cases challenging for clinicians as there is not a single specific laboratory or histological marker to diagnose or exclude the presence of the disease. The clinical spectrum of AIH varies from completely asymptomatic to acute-severe or even rarely fulminant hepatic failure, while everybody can be affected irrespective of age, gender, and ethnicity. The old revised and the newer simplified diagnostic scores have been established by the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group (IAIHG) in 1999 and 2008, respectively, which are based on several clinical, laboratory and histological parameters. Additionally, a thorough differential diagnosis from other diseases mimicking AIH is absolutely indicated. In this context, autoantibodies detection in patients with suspected AIH is mandatory -even though not pathognomonic- not only for AIH diagnosis but furthermore, for AIH classification (AIH-type 1 and AIH-type 2). Although autoimmune serology can be supportive of AIH diagnosis in ≥95% of cases if testing has been performed according to the IAIHG guidelines, this is not the case under real-life circumstances in routine clinical laboratories. Clinicians should be careful both for the importance of the required testing and how to interpret the results and therefore, they should communicate and discuss with the laboratory personnel to achieve the maximum benefit for the patient. Herein, a detailed and updated review of the diagnostic work-up for AIH diagnosis under real-life conditions is given to minimize the underestimation and misdiagnosis of AIH which can result in progression of the disease and unfavourable outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George N Dalekos
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos K Gatselis
- Department of Medicine and Research Laboratory of Internal Medicine, National Expertise Center of Greece in Autoimmune Liver Diseases, General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece; European Reference Network on Hepatological Diseases (ERN RARE-LIVER), General University Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece
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42
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Gomes BB, Gonzales WHR, Meisel DMC, Gryschek RCB, de Paula FM. Evaluation of larval surface antigens from infective larvae of Strongyloides venezuelensis for the serodiagnosis of human strongyloidiasis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2023; 65:e1. [PMID: 36651462 PMCID: PMC9870252 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202365001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Serodiagnosis of strongyloidiasis is usually performed by ELISA for the detection of IgG antibodies due to its high sensitivity and practicality, but its main limitation is a constant source of S. stercoralis antigens. The use of S. venezuelensis as a heterologous source of antigens has facilitated several published studies on the serodiagnosis and epidemiology of human strongyloidiasis. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of surface cuticle antigens of infective larvae of S. venezuelensis extracted with CTAB detergent (L3-CTAB) in comparison with soluble somatic extracts (L3-SSE) using a panel of sera from immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, at three different cut-offs. ROC curve analysis showed that L3-CTAB had an AUC of 0.9926. At the first cut-off value (OD 450 nm = 0.214), sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 90.11%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.93. At a second cut-off value (OD 450 nm = 0.286), sensitivity and specificity were 70% and 100%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.91. However, at an alternative third cut-off value (OD 450 nm = 0.589), sensitivity and specificity were 95% and 97.8%, respectively, with a diagnostic accuracy of 0.97. Using L3-CTAB as an antigenic source, the seropositivity rate in immunocompromised patients was 28.13% (9/32) whereas a seropositivity rate of 34.38% (11/32) was found when L3-SSE was used in ELISA. Therefore, the L3-CTAB is simple and practical to obtain and was found to be highly sensitive and specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Barroso Gomes
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-06), São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de
Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - William Henry Roldan Gonzales
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-06), São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de
Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dirce Mary Correa Meisel
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-06), São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de
Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ronaldo Cesar Borges Gryschek
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-06), São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de
Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Martins de Paula
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Laboratório de Investigação Médica (LIM-06), São Paulo, São Paulo,
Brazil
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina, Instituto de
Medicina Tropical de São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ramos LMDS, da Silva-Pereira RA, Oliveira E, Fonseca CT, Graeff-Teixeira C. A review of serological tests available in Brazil for intestinal schistosomiasis diagnosis. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2023; 118:e230236. [PMID: 36921190 PMCID: PMC10003949 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760220236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) roadmap and recommendations for elimination of schistosomiasis were recently updated. With significant reductions in the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infections worldwide, there is a need for more sensitive diagnostic methods. There are a few remaining transmission hotspots in Brazil, although low endemicity settings comprise most of the endemic localities. For the latter, serology may represent a tool for population screening which could help eliminate transmission of schistosomiasis. Here, we review serology tests currently available in Brazil from both public health and private laboratories: immunofluorescent antibody tests (IFATs) on adult worm sections and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) with soluble egg and adult worm antigens. Both in-house and commercially available tests have received less than adequate performance evaluations. Our review of immediate basic and operational research goals may help identify local adjustments that can be made to improve control interventions aimed at elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidia Mara da Silva Ramos
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
| | - Rosiane A da Silva-Pereira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Edward Oliveira
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Genômica Funcional de Parasitos, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Cristina Toscano Fonseca
- Fundação Oswaldo Cruz-Fiocruz, Instituto René Rachou, Grupo de Pesquisa em Biologia e Imunologia de Doenças Infecciosas e Parasitárias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Carlos Graeff-Teixeira
- Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Núcleo de Doenças Infecciosas, Vitória, ES, Brasil
- + Corresponding author:
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44
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Li N, Deng CL, Zhang B, Ye HQ. Viral Titer Quantification of West Nile Virus by Immunostaining Plaque Assay. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2585:15-21. [PMID: 36331761 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2760-0_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunostained plaque assay based on the specific antibody binding to viral antigen enables the detection and titration of virus infectivity, especially for viruses that could not form plaques using the classical crystal violet or neutral red staining methods. Here we describe the application of this method to quantify viral titers of wild-type West Nile virus (WNV-WT) and replication-defective WNV-ΔNS1 virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Cheng-Lin Deng
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
| | - Han-Qing Ye
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Center for Biosafety Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Majsiak E, Cukrowska B, Choina M, Bielawski K, Cielecka-Kuszyk J, Konopka E, Wysokiński M, Bierła JB. Evaluation of the Usefulness of a Serological Test for Diagnosis of Celiac Disease Simultaneously Detecting Specific Antibodies and Total IgA. Nutrients 2022; 15:nu15010202. [PMID: 36615859 PMCID: PMC9823504 DOI: 10.3390/nu15010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of celiac disease (CD) at the first diagnostic step requires the detection of specific class A antibodies to tissue transglutaminase type-2 (TG2 IgA) and the measurement of total immunoglobulin A (tIgA) to exclude IgA deficiency. The aim of the study was to evaluate the new quantitative immunoassay panel allowing for the detection of celiac-specific antibodies with the simultaneous determination of tIgA from the same sample of blood at one time. This retrospective study included 104 pediatric patients divided into groups with recognized CD and IgA deficiency (n = 20; 19%), immunocompetent children with CD (n = 28; 27%), children with IgA deficiency and without CD (n = 28; 27%), and the control group of immunocompetent children without CD (n = 28; 27%). Intestinal biopsy with histopathological evaluation (except five patients with CD who were diagnosed without biopsy) and measurement of reference celiac specific antibodies were performed in all children. Multiparametric quantitative immunoassay Polycheck® Celiac IgA plus total IgA test was used to evaluate its usefulness in CD screening and IgA deficiency diagnosis. The statistical analysis showed the high sensitivity and specificity of both TG2 IgA and tIgA on the multiparametric panel (sensitivity 96% and 100%; specificity 100% and 79%, respectively). The accuracy and area under the ROC curve for tIgA were 0.904 and 0.955, while for TG2 IgA they were 0.982 and 1.000, respectively. Although the sensitivity of IgA antibodies against deaminated gliadin peptides was low (20%), the specificity reached 100%. The study showed that Polycheck® Celiac IgA plus total IgA test is a specific and sensitive tool for simultaneous serological CD screening and recognition of IgA deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Majsiak
- Department of Health Promotion, Chair of Nursing Development, Faculty Health of Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-81-448-67-00
| | - Bożena Cukrowska
- Department of Pathomorphology, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Magdalena Choina
- Polish-Ukrainian Foundation of Medicine Development, Nałęczowska 14, 20-701 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kornel Bielawski
- Polish-Ukrainian Foundation of Medicine Development, Nałęczowska 14, 20-701 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Cielecka-Kuszyk
- Department of Pathomorphology, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Konopka
- Department of Pathomorphology, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Mariusz Wysokiński
- Department of Basic Nursing, Chair of Development in Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University, Staszica 4/6, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Joanna Beata Bierła
- Department of Pathomorphology, the Children’s Memorial Health Institute, Aleja Dzieci Polskich 20, 04-730 Warsaw, Poland
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Yun T, Hua J, Ye W, Chen L, Ni Z, Zhu Y, Zhang C. Development and Evaluation of a Monoclonal Antibody-Based Blocking Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for the Detection of Antibodies against Novel Duck Reovirus in Waterfowl Species. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0258122. [PMID: 36445088 PMCID: PMC9769907 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02581-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The novel duck reovirus (NDRV) is an emerging pathogen that causes disease in various waterfowl species. Since the outbreak, it has caused huge economic losses to the duck industry in China. A rapid, reliable, and high-throughput method is required for epidemiological investigation and evaluation of vaccine immunogenicity. A good first step would be establishing an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) that could detect NDRV antibodies in different breeds of ducks and geese from the serum and egg yolk. This study used a recombinant NDRV σB protein and a corresponding horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled monoclonal antibody to develop a blocking ELISA (B-ELISA). The cutoff value of the B-ELISA was 37.01%. A total of 212 serum samples were tested by the B-ELISA, and the virus neutralization test (VNT) was the gold standard test. The sensitivity and specificity of the B-ELISA were 92.17% (106/115) and 97.94% (95/97), respectively. The agreement rates between the B-ELISA and VNT were 94.81% (kappa value, 0.896). The B-ELISA could specifically recognize anti-NDRV sera without cross-reacting with other positive serums for other major diseases in ducks and geese. The inter- and intra-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) of the B-ELISA and VNT assays were acceptable. In conclusion, the novel B-ELISA could be a rapid, simple, safe, and economically attractive alternative to the VNT in assessing duck flocks' immunity status and in epidemiological surveillance in multiple waterfowl species. IMPORTANCE NDRV disease is a new epidemic disease in waterfowl that first appeared in China. Compared with the classical DRV (CDRV), NDRV is associated with more severe symptoms, a higher mortality rate, and a broader host range. NDRV has become the prevalent genotype in China. At present, there are no commercially available diagnostic products for the NDRV disease. VNT, as the gold standard serologic test, is not only time-consuming and laborious, but also has high requirements for facilities and equipment, which is not suitable for clinical application. Conventional ELISA requires specific antispecies conjugates that are not currently available. B-ELISA not only has the advantage of higher analysis specificity, but also can be used to test specific antibodies against different waterfowl species, because no species-specific conjugates are required in such detection. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a B-ELISA for the detection of antibodies against NDRV in waterfowl species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yun
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jionggang Hua
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weicheng Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Liu Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zheng Ni
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinchu Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
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Hassani A, Khan G. What do animal models tell us about the role of EBV in the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis? Front Immunol 2022; 13:1036155. [PMID: 36466898 PMCID: PMC9712437 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1036155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic disease of the central nervous system (CNS), marked primarily by demyelination, inflammation, and neurodegeneration. While the prevalence and incidence rates of MS are on the rise, the etiology of the disease remains enigmatic. Nevertheless, it is widely acknowledged that MS develops in persons who are both genetically predisposed and exposed to a certain set of environmental factors. One of the most plausible environmental culprits is Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), a common herpesvirus asymptomatically carried by more than 90% of the adult population. How EBV induces MS pathogenesis remains unknown. A comprehensive understanding of the biology of EBV infection and how it contributes to dysfunction of the immune system and CNS, requires an appreciation of the viral dynamics within the host. Here, we aim to outline the different animal models, including nonhuman primates (NHP), rodents, and rabbits, that have been used to elucidate the link between EBV and MS. This review particularly focuses on how the disruption in virus-immune interaction plays a role in viral pathogenesis and promotes neuroinflammation. We also summarize the effects of virus titers, age of animals, and route of inoculation on the neuroinvasiveness and neuropathogenic potential of the virus. Reviewing the rich data generated from these animal models could provide directions for future studies aimed to understand the mechanism(s) by which EBV induces MS pathology and insights for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions that could ameliorate the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asma Hassani
- Dept of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Gulfaraz Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
- Zayed Center for Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Brummel SS, Van Dyke RB, Patel K, Purswani M, Seage GR, Yao TJ, Hazra R, Karalius B, Williams PL. Analyzing Longitudinally Collected Viral Load Measurements in Youth With Perinatally Acquired HIV Infection: Problems and Possible Remedies. Am J Epidemiol 2022; 191:1820-1830. [PMID: 35872591 PMCID: PMC9767869 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwac125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) viral load (VL) is an important quantitative marker of disease progression and treatment response in people living with HIV infection, including children with perinatally acquired HIV. Measures of VL are often used to predict different outcomes of interest in this population, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder. One popular approach to summarizing historical viral burden is the area under a time-VL curve (AUC). However, alternative historical VL summaries (HVS) may better answer the research question of interest. In this article, we discuss and contrast the AUC with alternative HVS, including the time-averaged AUC, duration of viremia, percentage of time with suppressed VL, peak VL, and age at peak VL. Using data on youth with perinatally acquired HIV infection from the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study Adolescent Master Protocol, we show that HVS and their associations with full-scale intelligence quotient depend on when the VLs were measured. When VL measurements are incomplete, as can be the case in observational studies, analysis results may be subject to selection bias. To alleviate bias, we detail an imputation strategy, and we present a simulation study demonstrating that unbiased estimation of a historical VL summary is possible with a correctly specified imputation model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean S Brummel
- Correspondence to Dr. Sean S. Brummel, Center for Biostatistics in AIDS Research, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, François-Xavier Bagnoud Building, Room 507, 651 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 (e-mail: )
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Röttgerding F, Njeru J, Schlüfter E, Latz A, Mahdavi R, Steinhoff U, Cutler SJ, Besier S, Kempf VAJ, Fingerle V, Kraiczy P. Novel approaches for the serodiagnosis of louse-borne relapsing fever. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:983770. [PMID: 36204641 PMCID: PMC9530196 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.983770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Louse-borne relapsing fever (LBRF) caused by B. recurrentis is a poverty-related and neglected infectious disease with an endemic focus in the Horn of Africa. Re-emergence of the disease occurred in Europe during the refugee crisis in 2015 and sporadic outbreaks were frequently reported in Eastern Africa where poor settings lack affordable diagnostics. Currently, there are no validated in vitro assays available for the serodiagnosis of LBRF. The aim of this study was to develop novel and reliable immunoassays by investigating clinically suspected and culture-confirmed serum samples from LBRF patients and a broad panel of serum samples from patients with other spirochetal, bacterial, and parasitic diseases. We identified two immunoreactive antigens (complement-inhibiting protein CihC and the glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase GlpQ of B. recurrentis) as the most promising target candidates leading to the evaluation of two immunoassays (line immunoblot and ELISA) for IgM and IgG. To optimize the IgM immunoassay, we conducted a bioinformatic approach to localize the relevant immunogenic regions within CihC. By utilizing a N-terminal CihC fragment, the sensitivity and specificity of both immunoassays (CihC and GlpQ) were high (IgM: sensitivity 100%, specificity of 89.9%, IgG: sensitivity 100%, specificity 99.2%). In conclusion, our findings indicate the diagnostic potential of CihC and GlpQ as valuable markers for the serodiagnosis of LBRF even at early time points of infection. Here, we provide strong evidence for the utilization of these immunoassays as reliable tools in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Röttgerding
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - John Njeru
- Centre for Microbiology Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Andreas Latz
- NovaTec Immundiagnostica GmbH, Dietzenbach, Germany
| | - Rouzbeh Mahdavi
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Steinhoff
- Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Philipps-University Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sally J. Cutler
- School of Health, Sports & Bioscience, University of East London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Silke Besier
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volkhard A. J. Kempf
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Volker Fingerle
- National Reference Center for Borrelia, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Peter Kraiczy
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Infection Control, University Hospital of Frankfurt, Goethe-University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
- *Correspondence: Peter Kraiczy,
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50
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Theel ES, Pritt BS. The false promise of cellular tests for Lyme borreliosis. Lancet Infect Dis 2022; 22:1264-1265. [PMID: 35714661 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00230-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elitza S Theel
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Bobbi S Pritt
- Division of Clinical Microbiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
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