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Wigh IMN, Andersen L, Lundgaard MH, Torp NMU, Karmisholt J, Andersen S, Andersen SL. Agreement between routinely used immunoassays for thyroid function testing in non-pregnant and pregnant adults. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2024. [PMID: 38630936 DOI: 10.1111/cen.15062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thyroid function tests are common biochemical analyses, and agreement between the routinely used immunoassays is important for diagnosis and monitoring of thyroid disease. Efforts are continuously made to align the biochemical assays, and we aimed to evaluate the agreement between immunoassays used in a clinical laboratory setting among non-pregnant and pregnant adults. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Serum samples were obtained from 192 blood donors (non-pregnant adults) and from 86 pregnant women in the North Denmark Region with no known thyroid disease. MEASUREMENTS Each sample was used for measurement of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) with the routinely used automatic immunoassays in the regional Departments of Clinical Biochemistry (Alinity, Abbott Laboratories, Cobas, Roche Diagnostics, and Atellica, Siemens Healthineers) and reported as the median with 95% confidence interval (95% CI). RESULTS In nonpregnant adults, the level of TSH was higher with Cobas and Atellica than with Alinity as reflected by median (Alinity: 1.39 mIU/L (95% CI: 1.30-1.51 mIU/L); Cobas: 1.57 mIU/L (95% CI: 1.48-1.75 mIU/L); Atellica: 1.74 mIU/L (95% CI: 1.61-1.83 mIU/L)). Similarly, a trend was seen towards higher median TSH with Cobas than with Alinity among pregnant women (Alinity: 1.90 mIU/L (95% CI: 1.37-2.82 mIU/L); Cobas: 2.33 mIU/L (95% CI: 1.69-3.62 mIU/L)). CONCLUSION Results of thyroid function tests obtained with different immunoassays were not interchangeable when evaluated among pregnant and non-pregnant adults. The distinct differences are relevant for clinical decision making and emphasize the necessity of clinical laboratory information when different assays are used for diagnosis and monitoring of patients with thyroid disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Marie Nørum Wigh
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lærke Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Maja Hjelm Lundgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nanna Maria Uldall Torp
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jesper Karmisholt
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stig Andersen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Geriatrics, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Linding Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Miranda RA, Lima DGV, de Souza LL, Souza da Silva B, Bertasso IM, Meyer LG, Rossetti CL, Junior RR, Miranda-Alves L, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Maternal exposure to tributyltin alters the breast milk, hormonal profile, and thyroid morphology of dams and induces sex-specific changes in neonate rat offspring. Environ Pollut 2024:123963. [PMID: 38621455 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Tributyltin (TBT) is the chemical substance commonly used worldwide to prevent biofouling of vessels. Due to its ability to bioaccumulate and biomagnify, even after being banned, significant concentrations of TBT can be detected in sediment, affecting marine and human life. Although studies have shown that direct exposure to TBT alters physiological parameters in mammals, the relationship between exposure to TBT during pregnancy and lactation, considered critical windows for metabolic programming, has not been fully elucidated. Our hypothesis is that offspring whose mothers were exposed to TBT during critical stages of development may exhibit dysfunctions in endocrine-metabolic parameters. We used pregnant Wistar rats that were divided into groups and received the following treatments from gestational day 7 until the end of lactation by intragastric gavage: vehicle (ethanol 0.01%; Control), low TBT dose (100 ng/kg of body weight (bw)/day; TBT100ng) and high TBT dose (1000 ng/kg bw/day; TBT1000ng). Dams and offspring at birth and weaning (21 days old) were studied. Maternal exposure to TBT promoted dose-dependent changes in dams. The findings for adiposity, milk composition and lipid profile were more pronounced in TBT100ng dams; however, thyroid morphology was altered in TBT1000ng dams. Female offspring were differentially affected by the dose of exposure. At birth, females in the TBT100ng group had low body weight, lower naso-anal length (NAL), and higher plasma T4, and at weaning, females in the TBT100ng group had lower insulin and leptin levels. Females in the TBT1000ng group had lower NAL at birth and lower leptinemia and weight of white adipose tissue at weaning. Male offspring from TBT groups showed high T3 at birth, without biometric alterations at birth or weaning. Despite these findings, both sexes exhibited dose-dependent morphological changes in the thyroid gland. Thus, maternal exposure to TBT constitutes an important route of contamination for both dams and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosiane Aparecida Miranda
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Daniel Galinis Vieira Lima
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Luana Lopes de Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Souza da Silva
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Iala Milene Bertasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Lilian Guedes Meyer
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Camila Lüdke Rossetti
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Röpke Junior
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Leandro Miranda-Alves
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Patricia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil;.
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Kok EY, Kaur S, Mohd Shukri NH, Abdul Razak N, Takahashi M. Maternal dietary and environmental factors associated with infant circadian rhythm, growth, and temperament: Research protocol for a prospective cohort study. Nutr Health 2024:2601060241246354. [PMID: 38584399 DOI: 10.1177/02601060241246354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Introduction: Emerging evidence has been explored to determine the factors affecting the development of infant circadian rhythm. While fetal programming happens during the pregnancy period, external environmental cues and infant nutritional programming can have substantial effects on the infant circadian rhythm. Understanding prenatal and postnatal factors determining infant circadian rhythm can improve future interventions in optimizing maternal and infant health. Methods: This is a prospective observational cohort study, targeting 216 pregnant women from government maternity clinics in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Pregnant women will be recruited at third trimester (baseline), and follow up at 3 months, and 6 months. A subsample will be collected for salivary cortisol analysis to determine circadian rhythm of the mother and infant at third trimester and 3 months. Data of eating misalignment, light exposure, chronotype, infant temperament, sleep quality, and mood will be collected via validated questionnaires. Anthropometric data and birth outcomes will be collected from antenatal and postnatal health records. Summary: Studies on infant circadian rhythm development have yet to be explored and established, hence this study presents a novel approach to identify the factors from prenatal to postnatal periods on infant circadian rhythm and its influence on growth and temperament. Findings from this study will provide insights in the critical timing which has larger effects on infant circadian rhythm development for future interventions to be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ee Yin Kok
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Satvinder Kaur
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Husna Mohd Shukri
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Masaki Takahashi
- Institute for Liberal Arts, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
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Yu Z, Dong Y, Chen Y, Aleya L, Zhao Y, Yao L, Gu W. It is time to explore the impact of length of gestation and fetal health on the human lifespan. Aging Cell 2024; 23:e14157. [PMID: 38558485 PMCID: PMC11019132 DOI: 10.1111/acel.14157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
A recently proposed principal law of lifespan (PLOSP) proposes to extend the whole human lifespan by elongating different life stages. As the preborn stage of a human being, gestation is the foundation for the healthy development of the human body. The antagonistic pleiotropy (AP) theory of aging states that there is a trade-off between early life fitness and late-life mortality. The question is whether slower development during the gestation period would be associated with a longer lifespan. Among all living creatures, the length of the gestation period is highly positively correlated to the length of the lifespan, although such a correlation is thought to be influenced by the body sizes of different species. While examining the relationship between lifespan length and body size within the same species, dogs exhibit a negative correlation between lifespans and body sizes, while there is no such correlation among domestic cats. For humans, most adverse gestational environments shorten the period of gestation, and their impacts are long-term. While many issues remain unsolved, various developmental features have been linked to the conditions during the gestation period. Given that the length of human pregnancies can vary randomly by as long as 5 weeks, it is worth investigating whether a slow steady healthy gestation over a longer period will be related to a longer and healthier lifespan. This article discusses the potential benefits, negative impacts, and challenges of the relative elongation of the gestation period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuo Yu
- Heilongjiang Academy of Traditional Chinese MedicineHarbinChina
| | - Yushan Dong
- Graduate School of Heilongjiang University of Chinese MedicineHarbinHeilongjiangChina
| | - Yuhan Chen
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Lotfi Aleya
- Chrono‐Environnement Laboratory, UMR CNRS 6249Bourgogne Franche‐Comté UniversityBesançon CedexFrance
| | - Yinhuan Zhao
- Department of Rheumatism, Shanghai Traditional Chinese Medicine Integrated HospitalShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghaiChina
| | - Lan Yao
- College of Health Management, Harbin Medical UniversityHarbinHeilongjiangChina
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME‐Campbell ClinicUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CentreMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Weikuan Gu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery and BME‐Campbell ClinicUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CentreMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Research Lt. Col. Luke WeathersJr. VA Medical CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTennesseeUSA
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St Clair LA, Eldesouki RE, Sachithanandham J, Yin A, Fall A, Morris CP, Norton JM, Abdullah O, Dhakal S, Barranta C, Golding H, Bersoff-Matcha SJ, Pilgrim-Grayson C, Berhane L, Cox AL, Burd I, Pekosz A, Mostafa HH, Klein EY, Klein SL. Reduced control of SARS-CoV-2 infection associates with lower mucosal antibody responses in pregnancy. mSphere 2024; 9:e0081223. [PMID: 38426787 PMCID: PMC10964408 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00812-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Pregnant patients are at greater risk of hospitalization with severe COVID-19 than non-pregnant people. This was a retrospective observational cohort study of remnant clinical specimens from patients who visited acute care hospitals within the Johns Hopkins Health System in the Baltimore, MD-Washington DC, area between October 2020 and May 2022. Participants included confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected pregnant people and matched non-pregnant people (the matching criteria included age, race/ethnicity, area deprivation index, insurance status, and vaccination status to ensure matched demographics). The primary dependent measures were clinical COVID-19 outcomes, infectious virus recovery, viral RNA levels, and mucosal anti-spike (S) IgG titers from upper respiratory tract samples. A total of 452 individuals (117 pregnant and 335 non-pregnant) were included in the study, with both vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals represented. Pregnant patients were at increased risk of hospitalization (odds ratio [OR] = 4.2; confidence interval [CI] = 2.0-8.6), intensive care unit admittance (OR = 4.5; CI = 1.2-14.2), and being placed on supplemental oxygen therapy (OR = 3.1; CI = 1.3-6.9). Individuals infected during their third trimester had higher mucosal anti-S IgG titers and lower viral RNA levels (P < 0.05) than those infected during their first or second trimesters. Pregnant individuals experiencing breakthrough infections due to the Omicron variant had reduced anti-S IgG compared to non-pregnant patients (P < 0.05). The observed increased severity of COVID-19 and reduced mucosal antibody responses particularly among pregnant participants infected with the Omicron variant suggest that maintaining high levels of SARS-CoV-2 immunity through booster vaccines may be important for the protection of this at-risk population.IMPORTANCEIn this retrospective observational cohort study, we analyzed remnant clinical samples from non-pregnant and pregnant individuals with confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections who visited the Johns Hopkins Hospital System between October 2020 and May 2022. Disease severity, including intensive care unit admission, was greater among pregnant than non-pregnant patients. Vaccination reduced recovery of infectious virus and viral RNA levels in non-pregnant patients, but not in pregnant patients. In pregnant patients, increased nasopharyngeal viral RNA levels and recovery of infectious virus were associated with reduced mucosal IgG antibody responses, especially among women in their first trimester of pregnancy or experiencing breakthrough infections from Omicron variants. Taken together, this study provides insights into how pregnant patients are at greater risk of severe COVID-19. The novelty of this study is that it focuses on the relationship between the mucosal antibody response and its association with virus load and disease outcomes in pregnant people, whereas previous studies have focused on serological immunity. Vaccination status, gestational age, and SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant impact mucosal antibody responses and recovery of infectious virus from pregnant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura A. St Clair
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Raghda E. Eldesouki
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Medical Genetics Unit, School of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
| | - Jaiprasath Sachithanandham
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Anna Yin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Amary Fall
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - C. Paul Morris
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Julie M. Norton
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Omar Abdullah
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Caelan Barranta
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Hana Golding
- Division of Viral Products, Center of Biologics Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Catherine Pilgrim-Grayson
- Division of Urology, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Office of Rare Diseases, Pediatrics, Urologic and Reproductive Medicine and Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah Berhane
- Division of Urology, Obstetrics, and Gynecology, Office of Rare Diseases, Pediatrics, Urologic and Reproductive Medicine and Office of New Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrea L. Cox
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Bloomberg Kimmel Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Irina Burd
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Andrew Pekosz
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Heba H. Mostafa
- Department of Pathology, Division of Medical Microbiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Eili Y. Klein
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Center for Disease Dynamics, Economics, and Policy, United Nations Office for Disease Risk Reduction, Washington DC, USA
| | - Sabra L. Klein
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Farmer C, Johannsen JC, Gillies C, Huber LA, Hovey RC. Parity affects mammary development in late-pregnant swine. Transl Anim Sci 2024; 8:txae037. [PMID: 38572173 PMCID: PMC10990050 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txae037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The goal of this project was to determine whether various measures of mammary development differed between gilts and multiparous sows at the end of gestation. During gestation, Yorkshire × Landrace gilts (n = 19) and sows (second and third gestations, n = 17) were fed one daily meal of a conventional corn-based diet, where the amount fed was based on body weight (BW) and backfat thickness (BF) at mating. On day 110 ± 1 of gestation, a jugular blood sample was obtained from all gilts and sows to measure insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), glucose, free fatty acids, and urea. On that same day, BW and BF were measured and animals were euthanized. Mammary glands from one side of the udder were dissected for compositional analyses. The fifth gland of the contralateral row of mammary glands was sampled for histology and immunohistochemical localization of Ki67. There was less total parenchyma (1,437.4 vs. 2,004.7 ± 127.1 g; P < 0.001) and total extraparenchymal tissue (1,691.0 vs. 2,407.0 ± 125.3 g; P < 0.001) in mammary glands of gilts compared to those from sows. When these values were expressed per kg BW (226.0 and 284.0 ± 2.7 kg for gilts and sows, respectively), parenchymal mass did not differ (P > 0.10), while extraparenchymal tissue weight tended to be less in gilts than sows (P = 0.07). All components within the parenchyma differed by parity (P < 0.001). Specifically, parenchymal tissue from gilts contained a greater proportion of fat and dry matter (DM), a lower proportion of protein, and lower concentrations of DNA (6.59 vs. 9.35 ± 0.53 mg/g DM) and RNA (7.76 vs. 12.33 ± 0.70 mg/g DM) than that from sows. On the other hand, the circumference of alveolar lumens was greater in gilts than sows (P < 0.001), while the percentage of epithelial cells that were positive for Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation, was greater in sows than gilts (P < 0.05). Circulating concentrations of IGF-1 were greater in gilts than in multiparous sows (45.0 vs. 27.3 ± 2.8 ng/mL, P < 0.001). None of the other blood variables were changed by parity. Results show a marked effect of parity on mammary gland development in swine. At the end of gestation, the mammary glands of gilts had less parenchyma with lower epithelial proliferation than glands from multiparous sows. These differences could alter the response of mammary tissue to various nutritional or endocrine signals. This information is crucial for the development of management strategies designed to maximize sow milk yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal Farmer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke Research and Development Centre, 2000 College, Sherbrooke, QC, CanadaJ1M 0C8
| | - Jakob C Johannsen
- Department of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Aarhus University, DK-8830 Tjele, Denmark
| | - Caroline Gillies
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | - Lee-Anne Huber
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaN1G 2W1
| | - Russell C Hovey
- Department of Animal Science, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Domingues SFS, Leão DL, Monteiro FOB. Ultrasonography of the neotropical primate female reproductive system. Front Vet Sci 2024; 10:1214509. [PMID: 38525406 PMCID: PMC10959094 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2023.1214509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The Neotropical (e. g., Aotus sp., Callithrix jacchus, Saguinus sp., Saimiri sp., and Sapajus sp.) primates are important models for biomedical research and studies on reproductive physiology and biotechnology. Consequently, studies about gynecological and obstetric ultrasonography are crucial. B-mode ultrasonography is a non-invasive imaging technique that provides real-time bidimensional or three-dimensional/four-dimensional B-mode images. In association with Doppler ultrasonography, B-mode ultrasonography can also be used to monitor the mammalian blood flow to the reproductive tract during important events such as ovulation and gestation. Thus, gynecological and obstetric ultrasonography is essential for establishing the female reproductive anatomical and physiological ovarian and uterine health status, gestational diagnosis, and fetal growth monitoring. For instance, the paper presents and discusses the state-of-the-art gynecological and obstetric ultrasonography in the Neotropical primates, species that are models for biomedical research, and some recent studies on species targets for conservation strategies for wild animal populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheyla Farhayldes Souza Domingues
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biotechnology and Medicine, Veterinary Medicine Institute, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, State of Pará, Brazil
| | - Danuza Leite Leão
- Laboratory of Wild Animal Biotechnology and Medicine, Veterinary Medicine Institute, Federal University of Pará, Castanhal, State of Pará, Brazil
- Mamirauá Institute for Sustainable Development, Tefé, State of Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Frederico Ozanan Barros Monteiro
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Health and Animal Production Institute, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Belém, State of Pará, Brazil
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Behringer V, Deimel C, Ostner J, Fruth B, Sonnweber R. Modulation of cell-mediated immunity during pregnancy in wild bonobos. Biol Lett 2024; 20:20230548. [PMID: 38471567 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2023.0548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
During pregnancy, the mammalian immune system must simultaneously protect against pathogens while being accommodating to the foreign fetal tissues. Our current understanding of this immune modulation derives predominantly from industrialized human populations and laboratory animals. However, their environments differ considerably from the pathogen-rich, resource-scarce environments in which pregnancy and the immune system co-evolved. For a better understanding of immune modulation during pregnancy in challenging environments, we measured urinary neopterin, a biomarker of cell-mediated immune responses, in 10 wild female bonobos (Pan paniscus) before, during and after pregnancy. Bonobos, sharing evolutionary roots and pregnancy characteristics with humans, serve as an ideal model for such investigation. Despite distinct environments, we hypothesized that cell-mediated immune modulation during pregnancy is similar between bonobos and humans. As predicted, neopterin levels were higher during than outside of pregnancy, and highest in the third trimester, with a significant decline post-partum. Our findings suggest shared mechanisms of cell-mediated immune modulation during pregnancy in bonobos and humans that are robust despite distinct environmental conditions. We propose that these patterns indicate shared immunological processes during pregnancy among hominins, and possibly other primates. This finding enhances our understanding of reproductive immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Behringer
- Endocrinology Laboratory, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Caroline Deimel
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Ostner
- Leibniz ScienceCampus Primate Cognition, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Primate Social Evolution Group, German Primate Center, Leibniz Institute for Primate Research, Göttingen, Germany
- Behavioral Ecology Department, Johann Friedrich Blumenbach Institute for Zoology and Anthropology, University of Goettingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Barbara Fruth
- Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies, Max-Planck Institute of Animal Behavior, Konstanz, Germany
- Centre for Research and Conservation/KMDA, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ruth Sonnweber
- Department of Behavioral and Cognitive Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Kim HS, Sarrafpour S, Teng CC, Liu J. External Disruption of Ocular Development in Utero. Yale J Biol Med 2024; 97:41-48. [PMID: 38559457 PMCID: PMC10964818 DOI: 10.59249/rrmm8911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The intricate steps of human ocular embryology are impacted by cellular and genetic signaling pathways and a myriad of external elements that can affect pregnancy, such as environmental, metabolic, hormonal factors, medications, and intrauterine infections. This review focuses on presenting some of these factors to recognize the multifactorial nature of ocular development and highlight their clinical significance. This review is based on English-language articles sourced from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar; keywords searched included "ocular development in pregnancy," "ocular embryology," "maternal nutrition," "ophthalmic change," and "visual system development." While some animal models show the disruption of ocular embryology from these external factors, there are limited post-birth assessments in human studies. Much remains unknown about the precise mechanisms of how these external factors can disrupt normal ocular development in utero, and more significant research is needed to understand the pathophysiology of these disruptive effects further. Findings in this review emphasize the importance of additional research in understanding the dynamic association between factors impacting gestation and neonatal ocular development, particularly in the setting of limited resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Sue Kim
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, USA
- Department of
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Soshian Sarrafpour
- Department of
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Christopher C. Teng
- Department of
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
| | - Ji Liu
- Department of
Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT,
USA
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10
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Romero R, Sabo Romero V, Kalache KD, Stone J. Parturition at term: induction, second and third stages of labor, and optimal management of life-threatening complications-hemorrhage, infection, and uterine rupture. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2024; 230:S653-S661. [PMID: 38462251 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Childbirth is a defining moment in anyone's life, and it occurs 140 million times per year. Largely a physiologic process, parturition does come with risks; one mother dies every two minutes. These deaths occur mostly among healthy women, and many are considered preventable. For each death, 20 to 30 mothers experience complications that compromise their short- and long-term health. The risk of birth extends to the newborn, and, in 2020, 2.4 million neonates died, 25% in the first day of life. Hence, intrapartum care is an important priority for society. The American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology has devoted two special Supplements in 2023 and 2024 to the clinical aspects of labor at term. This article describes the content of the Supplements and highlights new developments in the induction of labor (a comparison of methods, definition of failed induction, new pharmacologic agents), management of the second stage, the value of intrapartum sonography, new concepts on soft tissue dystocia, optimal care during the third stage, and common complications that account for maternal death, such as infection, hemorrhage, and uterine rupture. All articles are available to subscribers and non-subscribers and have supporting video content to enhance dissemination and improve intrapartum care. Our hope is that no mother suffers because of lack of information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, US Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI.
| | | | - Karim D Kalache
- Department of Clinical Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Cornell Medical College-Qatar Division, Doha, Qatar; Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Women's Services, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Joanne Stone
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
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11
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Vazquez J, Mohamed MA, Banerjee S, Keding LT, Koenig MR, Leyva-Jaimes F, Fisher RC, Bove EM, Golos TG, Stanic AK. Corrigendum: Deciphering decidual leukocyte traffic with serial intravascular staining. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1378417. [PMID: 38469313 PMCID: PMC10926905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1378417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332943.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vazquez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mona A Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Soma Banerjee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Logan T Keding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michelle R Koenig
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fernanda Leyva-Jaimes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rachel C Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Emily M Bove
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aleksandar K Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Hentschke MR, Petzold AP, Badalotti-Teloken I, Dornelles VC, Wingert FM, Azambuja R, Sanseverino MTV, Petracco A, Badalotti M. Birth after low-level +20 Aneuploid Mosaic Embryo Transfer: A Case Report. JBRA Assist Reprod 2024; 28:203-205. [PMID: 38381775 PMCID: PMC10936912 DOI: 10.5935/1518-0557.20230055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recently, it has been discussed whether or not mosaic embryo transfers should be performed since they might result in viable pregnancies, although they often end up being discarded. We report a case of successful pregnancy, after a mosaic embryo transfer from an in vitro matured egg and frozen PESA sperm. CASE DESCRIPTION Tests performed on a female aged 40 years and a male aged 37 years seeking fertility treatment found she had an adequate ovarian reserve and patent fallopian tubes. He had a history of cryptorchidism and inguinal hernia repair. The spermogram showed azoospermia, and testicular ultrasound showed an atrophic left testicle and a normal right testis. The vas deferens was palpated during physical examination. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection with percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA) was indicated. Two cycles of IVF after controlled ovarian stimulation with follitropin delta was performed. In the first cycle, seven mature eggs were inseminated, two fertilized normally, resulting in one blastocyst biopsied and analyzed by NGS with complex aneuploid results. In the second cycle, frozen sperm from PESA was used. Three eggs were inseminated on the day of the procedure (resulting in 2 blastocysts), and three in vitro matured eggs were inseminated after 24 hours (resulting in 1 blastocyst). NGS analysis showed two complex aneuploid embryos and one 40% low-level trisomy 20 aneuploid mosaicism (+20) for the post 24-hour embryo. A mosaic embryo transfer was performed, resulting in clinical pregnancy and birth of a healthy baby girl with a normal blood karyotype. DISCUSSION Mosaic embryo transfer is a topic for discussion. Certain levels of mosaicism do not seem to pose risks to the development of the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Ribeiro Hentschke
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Ricardo Azambuja
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Teresa Vieira Sanseverino
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
| | - Alvaro Petracco
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Mariangela Badalotti
- Fertilitat - Reproductive Medicine Center, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
- Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, RS, Brazil
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13
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Garcia MA, Liu R, Nihart A, El Hayek E, Castillo E, Barrozo ER, Suter MA, Bleske B, Scott J, Forsythe K, Gonzalez-Estrella J, Aagaard KM, Campen MJ. Quantitation and identification of microplastics accumulation in human placental specimens using pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Toxicol Sci 2024:kfae021. [PMID: 38366932 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfae021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The exponential increase in global plastic usage has led to the emergence of nano- and microplastic (NMP) pollution as a pressing environmental issue due to its implications for human and other mammalian health. We have developed methodologies to extract solid materials from human tissue samples by saponification and ultracentrifugation, allowing for highly specific and quantitative analysis of plastics by pyrolysis-gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS). As a benchmark, placenta tissue samples were analyzed using fluorescence microscopy and automated particle count, which demonstrated the presence of > 1-micron particles and fibers, but not nano-sized plastic particles. Analyses of the samples (n = 10) using Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy indicating presence of rayon, polystyrene, polyethylene, and unclassified plastic particles. By contrast, among 62 placenta samples, Py-GC-MS revealed that microplastics were present in all participants placentae, with concentrations ranging widely from 6.5-685 µg NMPs per gram of placental tissue, averaging 126.8 ± 147.5 µg/g (mean ± SD). Polyethylene was the most prevalent polymer, accounting for 54% of total NMPs and consistently found in nearly all samples (mean 68.8 ± 93.2 µg/gram placenta). Polyvinyl chloride and nylon each represented approximately 10% of the NMPs by weight, with the remaining 26% of the composition represented by 9 other polymers. Together, these data demonstrate advancements in the unbiased quantitative resolution of Py-GC-MS applied to the identification and quantification of NMP species at the maternal-fetal interface. This method, paired with clinical metadata, will be pivotal to evaluating potential impacts of NMPs on adverse pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus A Garcia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Rui Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alex Nihart
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eliane El Hayek
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Eliseo Castillo
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Enrico R Barrozo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital
| | - Melissa A Suter
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital
| | - Barry Bleske
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Administrative Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Justin Scott
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | - Kyle Forsythe
- School of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
| | | | - Kjersti M Aagaard
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital
| | - Matthew J Campen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico Health Sciences, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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14
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Guo Y, Yin G, Hui F, Guo X, Shi B, Zhao Y, Yan S. Effects of dietary energy level on antioxidant capability, immune function and rectal microbiota in late gestation donkeys. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1308171. [PMID: 38414765 PMCID: PMC10896733 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1308171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated the effects of dietary energy level on the antioxidant capability, immune function, and rectal microbiota in donkey jennets during the last 60 days of gestation. Methods Fifteen pregnant DeZhou donkeys with age of 6.0 ± 0.1 years, body weight of 292 ± 33 kg, parity of 2.7 ± 0.1 parities and similar expected date of confinement (74 ± 4 days) were randomly allocated to three groups and feed three diets: high energy (10.92 MJ/kg, H), medium energy (10.49 MJ/kg, M), and low energy (9.94 MJ/kg, L). Results and Discussion The serum activity of catalase (CAT), total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) in group M was significantly higher, whereas the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA), interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-2, and IL-6 were lower than those recorded for groups H and L (p ≤ 0.05). The dietary energy level significantly affected rectal microbial community structure in the jennet donkeys 35 days and 7 days before the parturition (p ≤ 0.05). The abundances of norank_f_norank_o_Coriobacteriales genus was significantly higher (p ≤ 0.05) in group H, and the abundances of norank_f_norank_o_Mollicutes_RF39 and the Candidatus_Saccharimonas were higher in group L (p ≤ 0.05). The abundance of Fibrobacter in group M was significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05). The abundance of norank_f_norank_o_Coriobacteriales was positively correlated with average daily gain (ADG) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) concentrations (p ≤ 0.05). The abundance of norank_f_norank_o_Mollicutes_RF39 was positively correlated with IL-2 and IL-6 concentrations. The abundance of Candidatus_Saccharimonas was positively correlated with CAT, T-SOD and GSH-Px activities (p ≤ 0.05). The abundance of Fibrobacter was positively correlated with CAT and T-SOD activities (p ≤ 0.05), but negatively correlated with IL-2 concentration (p ≤ 0.05). In conclusion, an appropriate dietary with an energy content of 10.49 MJ/kg for jennet donkeys during late gestation increased the prenatal antioxidant capacity, reduced inflammatory cytokines, and promoted fetal growth, and these changes were related to diet-induced changes in rectal microbiota compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sumei Yan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science at Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, College of Animal Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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15
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McMullan P, Yaghi M, Truong TM, Rothe M, Murase J, Grant-Kels JM. Safety of dermatologic medications in pregnancy and lactation: An Update - Part I: Pregnancy. J Am Acad Dermatol 2024:S0190-9622(24)00109-9. [PMID: 38280679 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaad.2023.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The breadth of therapeutic options for the management of dermatologic skin conditions continues to expand rapidly as exemplified by biologics and small molecule drug development. While dermatologists and healthcare providers are aware of the underlying mechanisms and indications for these therapeutics, there is a recognized practice gap due to an incomplete understanding of the safety of these medications in women of childbearing age during the prepartum, antepartum and postpartum phases. Although a two-part continuing medical education review was published regarding the prescribing practices and safety profiles of these new therapeutics in women of childbearing age while pregnant or lactating in 20141,2, many new medications have been approved since then. Herein, we will update the safety of dermatologic therapies during pregnancy and Part II will review the safety of medications during lactation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick McMullan
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Marita Yaghi
- Dr. Phillip Frost Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Surgery, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL
| | - Thu M Truong
- School of Medicine, Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ; Center for Dermatology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Somerset, NJ
| | - Marti Rothe
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Jenny Murase
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, CA; Palo Alto Foundation Medical Group, Mountain View, CA
| | - Jane M Grant-Kels
- Department of Dermatology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT; Department of Dermatology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.
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16
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Wells JCK, Desoye G, Leon DA. Reconsidering the developmental origins of adult disease paradigm: The 'metabolic coordination of childbirth' hypothesis. Evol Med Public Health 2024; 12:50-66. [PMID: 38380130 PMCID: PMC10878253 DOI: 10.1093/emph/eoae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
In uncomplicated pregnancies, birthweight is inversely associated with adult non-communicable disease (NCD) risk. One proposed mechanism is maternal malnutrition during pregnancy. Another explanation is that shared genes link birthweight with NCDs. Both hypotheses are supported, but evolutionary perspectives address only the environmental pathway. We propose that genetic and environmental associations of birthweight with NCD risk reflect coordinated regulatory systems between mother and foetus, that evolved to reduce risks of obstructed labour. First, the foetus must tailor its growth to maternal metabolic signals, as it cannot predict the size of the birth canal from its own genome. Second, we predict that maternal alleles that promote placental nutrient supply have been selected to constrain foetal growth and gestation length when fetally expressed. Conversely, maternal alleles that increase birth canal size have been selected to promote foetal growth and gestation when fetally expressed. Evidence supports these hypotheses. These regulatory mechanisms may have undergone powerful selection as hominin neonates evolved larger size and encephalisation, since every mother is at risk of gestating a baby excessively for her pelvis. Our perspective can explain the inverse association of birthweight with NCD risk across most of the birthweight range: any constraint of birthweight, through plastic or genetic mechanisms, may reduce the capacity for homeostasis and increase NCD susceptibility. However, maternal obesity and diabetes can overwhelm this coordination system, challenging vaginal delivery while increasing offspring NCD risk. We argue that selection on viable vaginal delivery played an over-arching role in shaping the association of birthweight with NCD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan C K Wells
- Population, Policy and Practice Research and Teaching Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, 30 Guilford Street, London WC1N 1EH, UK
| | - Gernot Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 14, 8036 Graz, Austria
| | - David A Leon
- Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
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17
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Vazquez J, Mohamed MA, Banerjee S, Keding LT, Koenig MR, Leyva Jaimes F, Fisher RC, Bove EM, Golos TG, Stanic AK. Deciphering decidual leukocyte traffic with serial intravascular staining. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1332943. [PMID: 38268922 PMCID: PMC10806228 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1332943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The decidual immunome is dynamic, dramatically changing its composition across gestation. Early pregnancy is dominated by decidual NK cells, with a shift towards T cells later in pregnancy. However, the degree, timing, and subset-specific nature of leukocyte traffic between the decidua and systemic circulation during gestation remains poorly understood. Herein, we employed intravascular staining in pregnant C57BL/6J mice and cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) to examine leukocyte traffic into the decidual basalis during pregnancy. Timed-mated or virgin mice were tail-vein injected with labelled αCD45 antibodies 24 hours and 5 minutes before sacrifice. Pregnant cynomolgus macaques (GD155) were infused with labelled αCD45 at 2 hours or 5 mins before necropsy. Decidual cells were isolated and resulting suspensions analyzed by flow cytometry. We found that the proportion of intravascular (IVAs)-negative leukocytes (cells labeled by the 24h infusion of αCD45 or unlabeled) decreased across murine gestation while recent immigrants (24h label only) increased in mid- to late-gestation. In the cynomolgus model our data confirmed differential labeling of decidual leukocytes by the infused antibody, with the 5 min infused animal having a higher proportion of IVAs+ cells compared to the 2hr infused animal. Decidual tissue sections from both macaques showed the presence of intravascularly labeled cells, either in proximity to blood vessels (5min infused animal) or deeper into decidual stroma (2hr infused animal). These results demonstrate the value of serial intravascular staining as a sensitive tool for defining decidual leukocyte traffic during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Vazquez
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Mona A Mohamed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Soma Banerjee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Logan T Keding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michelle R Koenig
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Fernanda Leyva Jaimes
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Rachel C Fisher
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Emily M Bove
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Thaddeus G Golos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, WI, United States
- Department of Comparative Biosciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Aleksandar K Stanic
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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18
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Kennedy S. Ectogenesis and the value of gestational ties. Bioethics 2024. [PMID: 38183623 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Ectogenesis technology would make it possible to support the complete gestational development of a human being outside the female body. Proponents argue that this technology offers a welcome opportunity to expand reproductive options for those unable or unwilling to gestate. However, by completely bypassing pregnancy, the use of ectogenesis prevents the formation of gestational family ties. Consequently, it has faced criticism for perpetuating a patriarchal view of the family that undermines the moral significance of gestation. The concern is that the introduction of this technology might result in the loss of reproductive autonomy for those who desire to experience pregnancy, as they face pressures to opt for ectogenesis instead. Existing accounts of family values define parents' rights to rear a child, but they fail to establish a right to gestate that can protect an individual's interest in bearing a child. To provide a more comprehensive account of family values, I argue that pregnancy involves a unique quality of intimacy and can make distinct contributions to one's flourishing. Based on this premise, I defend a fundamental moral right to gestate that can help safeguard the option of pregnancy for those who desire it. In conclusion, I consider how a prospective gestator need not provide optimal conditions for fetal development in the way that ectogenesis promises in order for their choice of pregnancy to be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kennedy
- Philosophy Department, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, California, USA
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19
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Hurlbert JL, Baumgaertner F, Menezes ACB, Bochantin KA, Diniz WJS, Underdahl SR, Dorsam ST, Kirsch JD, Sedivec KK, Dahlen CR. Supplementing vitamins and minerals to beef heifers during gestation: impacts on mineral status in the dam and offspring, and growth and physiological responses of female offspring from birth to puberty. J Anim Sci 2024; 102:skae002. [PMID: 38175528 PMCID: PMC10836515 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the effects of feeding a vitamin and mineral supplement to nulliparous beef heifers throughout gestation on the mineral status of the dam, calf, placenta, and colostrum; offspring growth performance; and physiological responses of offspring raised as replacement heifers. Angus-based heifers (n = 31, initial body weight [BW] = 412.5 ± 53.68 kg) were adapted to an individual feeding system for 14 d, estrus synchronized and bred with female-sexed semen. Heifers were ranked by BW and randomly assigned to receive either a basal diet (CON; n = 14) or the basal diet plus 113 g heifer-1 d-1 of the vitamin and mineral supplement (VTM; n = 17). Targeted BW gains for both treatments was 0.45 kg heifer-1 d-1. Liver biopsies were obtained from dams at breeding, days 84 and 180 of gestation. At calving, liver biopsies were taken from dams and calves; colostrum, placenta, and blood samples were collected; and calf body measurements were recorded. After calving, all cow-calf pairs received a common diet through weaning, and F1 heifer calves were managed similarly after weaning. Offspring growth performance, feeding behavior, blood metabolites, and hormones were evaluated from birth through 15 mo of age. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS with repeated measures where appropriate. Hepatic concentrations of Se decreased in VTM dams (P ≤ 0.05) from day 84 to calving, while concentrations of Cu decreased in VTM and CON (P ≤ 0.05) from day 84 to calving. Calf liver concentrations of Se, Cu, Zn, and Co at birth were greater for VTM than CON (P ≤ 0.05), but calf birth BW and body measurements were not different (P = 0.45). Placental Se, colostrum quantity, total Se, Cu, Zn, and Mn in colostrum were greater (P ≤ 0.04) in VTM dams than CON. Finally, offspring from VTM dams were heavier than CON (P < 0.0001) from weaning through 15 mo of age. These results were coupled with greater (P ≤ 0.04) blood glucose at birth, decreased (P ≤ 0.05) blood urea nitrogen at pasture turn out and weaning, and altered feeding behaviors in VTM offspring compared with CON. Maternal gestational vitamin and mineral supplementation enhanced mineral status in dams and F1 progeny, augmented postnatal offspring growth and blood metabolites. Consequently, in utero vitamin and mineral supplementation may exert programming outcomes on the performance and productivity of females raised as herd replacements and should be considered when developing diets for gestating cows and heifers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hurlbert
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Friederike Baumgaertner
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Ana Clara B Menezes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kerri A Bochantin
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Wellison J S Diniz
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sarah R Underdahl
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Sheri T Dorsam
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - James D Kirsch
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
| | - Kevin K Sedivec
- Central Grasslands Research Extension Center, North Dakota State University, Streeter, ND 58483, USA
| | - Carl R Dahlen
- Department of Animal Sciences, Center for Nutrition and Pregnancy, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58108, USA
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Akköse M, Çınar EM, Yazlık MO, Kaya U, Polat Y, Çebi Ç, Özbeyaz C, Vural MR. Serum pregnancy-associated glycoprotein profiles during early gestation in Karya and Konya Merino sheep. Vet Med Sci 2024; 10:e1345. [PMID: 38227703 PMCID: PMC10790319 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reported as being expressed by mono- and binucleate placental cells, pregnancy-associated glycoproteins (PAGs) are released into the blood circulation from the ruminant placenta. Circulating gestational PAGs levels may differ between sheep breeds. OBJECTIVE This study was aimed at the close monitoring of the serum PAGs profiles of Karya and Konya Merino sheep during early pregnancy. METHODS Fifteen Karya and 15 Konya Merino ewes were synchronized by a 12-day treatment with progesterone-impregnated intravaginal sponges. After the sponges were withdrawn, the ewes were administered 400 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin. The ewes were allowed to mate naturally, and all animals were sampled for blood as of the day of mating (day 0) at weeks 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. Pregnancy diagnoses were made by transabdominal ultrasonography at week 5. At weeks 6, 7, 8, 9 and 11, blood samples were collected only from the pregnant ewes. The blood samples were centrifuged at 3000 × g, and extracted sera were stored at -20°C until being used for laboratory analyses. Serum PAGs levels were determined with the aid of a commercial PAG-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay test originally developed for pregnancy diagnosis in cattle. Differences in the between the PAGs levels throughout pregnancy and the group effect (Karya and Konya Merino) were determined with a two-way mixed analysis of variance. Pairwise comparisons were made using a Bonferroni adjustment. RESULTS PAGs levels showed a linear increase with the advance of pregnancy in both Karya and Konya Merino sheep. No difference was detected between the breeds for serum PAGs levels. The serum PAGs levels of the pregnant and non-pregnant ewes differed as of the fourth week. CONCLUSION The serum PAGs levels of the Karya and Konya Merino ewes were similar during the first 11 weeks of gestation, and pregnancy diagnosis could be made based on serum PAGs levels as of the 4th week in both breeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Akköse
- Department of LivestockDalaman Agricultural EnterpriseGeneral Directorate of Agricultural EnterprisesMuğlaTurkey
| | - Elif Merve Çınar
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial InseminationFaculty of Veterinary MedicineDicle UniversityDiyarbakırTurkey
| | - Murat Onur Yazlık
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Ufuk Kaya
- Department of BiostatisticsFaculty of Veterinary MedicineHatay Mustafa Kemal UniversityHatayTurkey
| | - Yadigar Polat
- Department of Medical Services and TechniquesVocational High School of Health ServicesKilis 7 Aralık UniversityKilisTurkey
| | - Çiğdem Çebi
- Department of Reproduction and Artificial InseminationFaculty of Veterinary MedicineHarran UniversityŞanlıurfaTurkey
| | - Ceyhan Özbeyaz
- Department of Animal SciencesFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
| | - Mehmet Rıfat Vural
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologyFaculty of Veterinary MedicineAnkara UniversityAnkaraTurkey
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21
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Kassi L, Lantos E, Sheran J, Yee LM. A Spontaneous Tubal Heterotopic Triplet Pregnancy Resulting in Viable Twin Deliveries. AJP Rep 2024; 14:e7-e10. [PMID: 38269124 PMCID: PMC10805573 DOI: 10.1055/a-2201-5796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
There are limited U.S. reports of spontaneous triplet heterotopic pregnancies discussing both maternal and fetal outcomes. A 34-year-old patient at 7 weeks of gestation presented to the emergency department with abdominal pain. She was diagnosed with a spontaneous heterotopic triplet pregnancy, consisting of a twin monochorionic-diamniotic intrauterine gestation and a ruptured left ectopic pregnancy. She underwent a laparoscopic unilateral salpingectomy. Her antepartum course was complicated by gestational diabetes mellitus and fetal growth restriction. Delivery of liveborn twins was via a cesarean delivery at 32 weeks. Timely intervention and management of a ruptured spontaneous triplet heterotopic pregnancy can result in a viable twin delivery with overall favorable maternal and newborn outcomes, although long-term implications due to prematurity and other twin sequelae exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luce Kassi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Emma Lantos
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Jordan Sheran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Lynn M. Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
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22
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Hon KL, Tan YW, Leung KKY, Fung GPG, Kwok KH, Ho AY, Chan BH. Respiratory versus Cardiac Algorithm for Pediatric and Neonatal Resuscitation. Curr Pediatr Rev 2024; 20:278-282. [PMID: 36803743 DOI: 10.2174/1573396319666230220130016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Yok Weng Tan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Ka Yan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Genevieve P G Fung
- Department of Paediatrics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, New Territories, Hong Kong
| | - Ka Hang Kwok
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Alice Yan Ho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Bill H Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Hong Kong Children's Hospital, 1 Shing Cheong Road, Kowloon Bay, Hong Kong
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Saloni, Potdar J, Dahiphale SM. A Complete Hydatidiform Mole Complicated by Theca Lutein Cysts in a Teenager: A Rare Case. Cureus 2024; 16:e52240. [PMID: 38357086 PMCID: PMC10866567 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.52240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
A hydatidiform mole (HM), often known as molar pregnancy, is a type of prenatal trophoblastic illness that develops in the placenta and has the potential to spread. HMs are caused by genetic issues with either the egg or the sperm. They are typically discovered in the first trimester of pregnancy. Abnormal bleeding is one of the initial symptoms, which can seldom be accompanied by the passage of hydropic villi. Theca lutein cysts, absent fetal heart tones, enlarged uterus more than anticipated for gestational age, pregnancy-induced hypertension in the first trimester, hyperemesis, and increased levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) for gestational dates are other characteristic symptoms and signs. A rare type of follicular cyst known as a theca lutein cyst is a benign ovarian disease caused by natural overstimulation of follicles, also known as hyperreactio lutealis (HL). This is linked to choriocarcinomas, multiple gestations, and prenatal trophoblastic illness (molar pregnancy). Unless exacerbated by torsion, rupture, or bleeding, the majority of theca lutein cysts are treated conservatively. Theca lutein cysts do not impact the course of pregnancy and spontaneously recede following delivery. However, HL may mistakenly be diagnosed by doctors as a cancer during pregnancy if it has the potential to look like one. Frequently, inappropriate surgical intervention is caused by the fear of failing to diagnose malignancy. These treatments may therefore result in decreased fertility in the future. Here we present a case of a young unmarried female with an HM and cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloni
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Jyotsna Potdar
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Swati M Dahiphale
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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24
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Aziz MM, VanDillen M, Combs A, Banker H, Cohen HL. Postconceptual Neonatal Dating by Transmastoid Ultrasound of Transcerebellar Diameter-Comparison to Crown Rump Length Measurement: A Proof of Concept Paper. J Ultrasound Med 2024; 43:65-70. [PMID: 37772670 DOI: 10.1002/jum.16336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Transcerebellar diameter (TCD) has been utilized prenatally as a tool to estimate gestational age (GA) when fetal growth aberrations are suspected. Traditionally, first trimester ultrasound (1TUS) has been the gold standard of dating a pregnancy in spontaneous pregnancies. We sought to determine if neonatal TCD measurement was as accurate as 1TUS in the estimation of postconceptual gestational age (PCGA). METHODS A retrospective cohort from a registry of high-quality transmastoid views of consecutive patients from July 2019 to November 2020, delivered from 24 to 34 weeks GA, and with a 1TUS were included. The reference PCGA was the sum of the GA at delivery by 1TUS and day of life. The PCGA by TCD was calculated from Chang et al for GA by TCD. Reference and experimental values were compared by correlation, agreement within 7 days, and Bland-Altman analysis. RESULTS Of the 154 individual patients in the registry of high-quality transmastoid views during the study period, 62 met inclusion and exclusion criteria. PCGA by 1TUS and TCD were highly correlated (r = 0.86, P < .001; κ = 47% agreement within 7 days of PCGA). The bias of PCGA by TCD was 4.6 days earlier than the PCGA by 1TUS (95% confidence interval of agreement: -29.2, 20). CONCLUSIONS PCGA estimation by neonatal transmastoid TCD was highly correlated with that of 1TUS. It generally underestimates GA by 4.6 days. This relationship warrants further investigation to determine if this method of estimating PCGA in undated gestations is generalizable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael M Aziz
- Department of OBGYN, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael VanDillen
- Department of OBGYN, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Abigail Combs
- Department of OBGYN, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Hiral Banker
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Harris L Cohen
- Department of Radiology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
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25
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Stewart BC, Dai S, Havens KL, Eggleston JD, Bagwell JJ, Deering RE, Little EE, Catena RD. Determining fall risk change throughout pregnancy: the accuracy of postpartum survey and relationship to fall efficacy. Ergonomics 2023:1-10. [PMID: 38131152 DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2023.2296827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
All epidemiological studies on pregnancy fall risk to date have relied on postpartum recall. This study investigated the accuracy of postpartum recall of falls that were reported during pregnancy, including assessment of fall efficacy as a possible reason for recall inaccuracy. Twenty participants reported fall experiences weekly during pregnancy, but one participant was excluded as an outlier. A fall efficacy questionnaire was completed every six weeks during pregnancy. A postpartum survey to mimic previous studies (Dunning, Lemasters, and Bhattacharya 2010; Dunning et al. 2003) was delivered to determine recall accuracy. Postpartum recall of fall events each gestational month matches the previous study (Dunning, Lemasters, and Bhattacharya 2010). However, recall of falls is 16% underestimated and recall of all fall events is 30% overestimated in postpartum survey. There is a slight relationship between fall efficacy and true falls, but not between fall efficacy and fall recall. Our study suggests fall risk needs to be intermittently surveyed throughout pregnancy rather than assessed via postpartum survey.Practitioner summary: This study investigated the accuracy of postpartum survey of fall risk during pregnancy and the possibility of fall efficacy as a covariate. We used three corresponding surveys. We found inaccuracies in postpartum survey, not explain by fall efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shenghai Dai
- Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA
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Mansour O, Russo RG, Straub L, Bateman BT, Gray KJ, Huybrechts KF, Hernández-Díaz S. Prescription medication use during pregnancy in the United States from 2011 to 2020: trends and safety evidence. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2023:S0002-9378(23)02172-5. [PMID: 38128861 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2023.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medication use during pregnancy has increased in the United States despite the lack of safety data for many medications. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to inform research priorities by examining trends in medication use during pregnancy and identifying gaps in safety information on the most commonly prescribed medications. STUDY DESIGN We identified population-based cohorts of commercially (MarketScan 2011-2020) and publicly (Medicaid Analytic eXtract/Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Analytic Files 2011-2018) insured pregnancies ending in live birth from 2 health care utilization databases. Medication use was based on filled prescriptions between the date of last menstrual period through delivery, as well as the period before the last menstrual period and during specific trimesters. We also included a cross-sectional representative sample of pregnancies ascertained by the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2011-2020), with information on prescription medication use during the preceding month obtained through maternal interviews. Teratogen Information System was used to classify the available evidence on teratogenic risk. RESULTS Among over 3 million pregnancies, the medications most commonly dispensed at any time during pregnancy were analgesics, antibiotics, and antiemetics. The top medications were ondansetron (16.8%), amoxicillin (13.5%), and azithromycin (12.4%) in MarketScan, nitrofurantoin (22.2%), acetaminophen (21.3%; mostly as part of acetaminophen-hydrocodone products), and ondansetron (19.5%) in Medicaid Analytic eXtract/Transformed Medicaid Statistical Information System Analytic Files, and levothyroxine (5.0%), sertraline (2.9%), and insulin (2.9%) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey group. The most commonly dispensed suspected teratogens during the first trimester were antithyroid medications. The use of antidiabetic and psychotropic medications has continued to increase in the United States during the last decade, opioid dispensation has decreased by half, and antibiotics and antiemetics continue to be common. For one-quarter of medications, there is insufficient evidence available to characterize their safety profile in pregnancy. CONCLUSION There is a need for more drug research in pregnant patients. Future research should focus on anti-infectives with high utilization and limited level of evidence on safety for use during pregnancy. Although lack of evidence is not evidence of safety concerns, it does not indicate risk either. In many instances, the benefits outweigh the risks when these medications are used clinically, and some of the medications with no proven safety may be necessary to treat patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Mansour
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Rienna G Russo
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Loreen Straub
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Brian T Bateman
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Kathryn J Gray
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Krista F Huybrechts
- Division of Pharmacoepidemiology and Pharmacoeconomics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Sonia Hernández-Díaz
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
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Husted L, Rødgaard-Hansen S, Lundgaard MH, Uldall Torp NM, Andersen SL. Biochemical markers of renal function and maternal hypothyroidism in early pregnancy. Eur Thyroid J 2023; 12:e230157. [PMID: 38029281 PMCID: PMC10762587 DOI: 10.1530/etj-23-0157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The physiological adaptations during a normal pregnancy affect renal and thyroid function and levels of associated biochemical markers. An association between cystatin C (CysC), creatinine, and thyroid function has been considered in nonpregnant individuals but not in pregnant women specifically. Methods Cohort study within the North Denmark Region Pregnancy Cohort (2011-2015) with assessment of thyroid function and autoantibodies (ADVIA Centaur XPT, Siemens Healthineers) in serum residues from the early pregnancy. Consecutive samples (n = 1112) were selected for measurement of CysC and creatinine (Atellica CH 930, Siemens Healthineers), and results were linked to information in Danish nationwide registers for (i) establishment of pregnancy-specific reference intervals for CysC and creatinine and (ii) evaluation of the prevalence of maternal hypothyroidism in early pregnancy according to levels of CysC and creatinine. Results The established reference intervals (2.5-97.5 percentiles) differed by week of pregnancy (week 4-8, 9-11, 12-15) and were CysC: 0.58-0.92 mg/L; 0.54-0.91 mg/L; 0.52-0.86 mg/L; creatinine: 46.9-73.0 µmol/L; 42.0-68.4 µmol/L; 38.8-66.4 µmol/L. The prevalence of maternal autoimmune hypothyroidism in early pregnancy differed by the level of CysC and creatinine (<25th percentile; 25th-75th percentile; >75th percentile) and was for CysC 1.7%, 3.8%, 7.4% and for creatinine 2.5%, 4.1%, 7.1%. Conclusions Reference intervals for CysC and creatinine were dynamic in early pregnancy and decreased with increasing gestational age. Furthermore, higher levels of CysC and creatinine associated with a higher prevalence of maternal autoimmune hypothyroidism. Results encourage considerations on the underlying mechanisms for the association between markers of renal and thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Husted
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Viborg Regional Hospital, Viborg, Denmark
| | | | - Maja Hjelm Lundgaard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Nanna Maria Uldall Torp
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Stine Linding Andersen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Potorac A, Varlas VN, Borș RG, Baroș A, Cirstoiu M. The Management and Diagnosis of Anti-NMDA Receptor Autoimmune Encephalitis in Pregnant Women: A Case Report and Literature Review. Medicina (Kaunas) 2023; 59:2110. [PMID: 38138213 PMCID: PMC10744478 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Rationale: Anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is a form of autoimmune synaptic encephalitis, often mediated by neuronal surface antibodies. Clinically, it manifests through a diverse range of neurological and psychiatric symptoms, primarily affecting young women with ovarian teratoma, which is rare in pregnant women. Patient concerns: We report a case of a 35-year-old multiparous pregnant patient at 38 weeks of gestation presented to the emergency room with seizure, psychiatric symptoms like delirious speech with mystical visual and auditory hallucinations, bradylalia, and retrograde amnesia. Diagnosis: The diagnosis of autoimmune encephalitis with anti-NMDA antibodies was concluded by considering the lumbar puncture results, brain imaging, and the patient's persistent symptoms. Outcomes: This case is noteworthy for its rarity and the symptoms' breadth. At 38 weeks of gestation, the patient underwent a cesarean section, resulting in excellent maternal recovery observed during the 6-month follow-up and good neonatal adaptation. Lessons: Our goals include raising awareness about this condition and emphasizing the significance of early diagnosis. This encephalitis is treatable and potentially reversible, underscoring the importance of prompt identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Potorac
- Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (R.G.B.)
| | - Valentin Nicolae Varlas
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (M.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Filantropia Clinical Hospital, 011132 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Roxana Georgiana Borș
- Doctoral School, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.P.); (R.G.B.)
| | - Alexandru Baroș
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (M.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
| | - Monica Cirstoiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 050474 Bucharest, Romania; (A.B.); (M.C.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Emergency Hospital, 050098 Bucharest, Romania
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Marcondes MI, Provazi FP, Silvestre T, Silva AL, Valadares Filho SC, Campos MM, Machado FS, Rotta PP. Protein requirements for pregnant dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:8821-8834. [PMID: 37678777 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2023-23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
We aimed to estimate the protein requirements of pregnant Holstein × Gyr cows. A total of 61 Holstein × Gyr (HG) cows were used, with an average initial body weight (BW) of 480 ± 10.1 kg and age 5 ± 0.5 yr. Cows were divided into 3 groups: pregnant (n = 43), nonpregnant (n = 12), and baseline (n = 6). Baseline animals were slaughtered before starting the experiment to estimate the initial body composition of the remaining animals. Pregnant and nonpregnant cows received 2 diets: maintenance and ad libitum. Pregnant cows were slaughtered at 139, 199, 241, and 268 gestation days (GD). First, we used data only from nonpregnant cows to determine the requirements for maintenance and growth in adult cows. The requirements of metabolizable protein for maintenance (MPm; grams of empty metabolic BW [EBW0.75] per day) were estimated using a linear regression between the metabolizable protein intake (MPI, g/d) and average daily gain (g/d), and the MPm was defined as the intercept divided by the average metabolic BW. Net protein requirements for gain (NPg; g/d) were estimated by the first derivative of the allometric equation between final crude protein in the body (kg) and the final empty BW (EBW; kg). The efficiency of use of metabolizable protein for gain (k) was calculated from the regression between the retained protein (g EBW0.75/d) and the MPI (g EBW0.75/d), and k was the slope of this regression. The MPI was estimated by combining microbial protein synthesis (purine derivatives) with the digestible rumen undegradable protein [(total protein intake - rumen-degradable protein) × intestinal digestibility]. Second, an exponential model was used to fit the protein accumulation in the gestational components in the function of GD. The first derivative of that model was considered the net requirement for gestation (NPgest). The efficiency of protein utilization for gestation (kgest) was calculated by the iterative method using the equation Δ = MPI - (MPm + NPg/kg + NPgest/kgest), where kg is efficiency of protein utilization for gain. The iteration was performed aiming at a zero deviation between observed MPI and metabolizable protein (MP) estimated by the requirements determined herein. We obtained a value of 3.88 g EBW0.75/d for MPm. The estimation of NPg can be calculated according to the following equation: NPg = 0.716 × (EBWopen-0.308) × EBGc, where EBWopen is the EBW (kg) for nonpregnant animals and EBGc is the empty body gain (kg/d) corrected for the gestational component. The k was determined as 0.347. The NPgest requirements were determined as NPgest (g/d) = 0.0008722 × exp(0.01784 × GD) × (calf weight/35). The kgest was 0.625. It is important to highlight that different methods of MP estimates should not be mixed and that the proposed method requires the estimation of microbial protein (estimated via urinary estimates), which might limit practical application. In conclusion, new studies should be conducted to validate our results and the methodology adopted to determine protein requirements for pregnancy in dairy cows. Due to the pattern of protein accumulation in the gestational components, we suggest an exponential model to describe protein requirements for pregnancy for dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Marcondes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
| | - F P Provazi
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - T Silvestre
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
| | - A L Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - S C Valadares Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 36570-000 Viçosa, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - M M Campos
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - F S Machado
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation, National Center for Research on Dairy Cattle, Minas Gerais, 36038-330, Brazil
| | - P P Rotta
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164
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Habibu B, Aliyu A, Idris SY, Buhari HU, Galadanchi FA, Abdulrahman M, Yaqub LS. Thermoregulation in periparturient rabbit does and their neonatal kits with different litter sizes during West African winter. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:4357-4366. [PMID: 36459437 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2150200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The study evaluated the changes in body temperatures and hematological parameters in periparturient rabbit does and the dynamics of body surface temperature in neonatal rabbit kits during West African winter. The variables were measured in 21 rabbits, comprising periparturient (n = 12) and dry (n = 9) does, and after kindling, the kits were grouped based on litter size, into small (4 kits per litter; n = 24) and large (5-7 kits per litter; n = 34) litter. Results revealed that all body temperatures of the does were lower (p < 0.05) during gestation compared with lactation period or dry does in all hours of the day, and the PCV was significantly higher in lactating than dry does. At birth, small litter kits had higher (p < 0.05) body weight and morning body surface temperature than the large litter kits. The large litter kits showed distinct (p < 0.05) diurnal variation in body surface temperature from birth, while diurnal variation in the small litter kits was absent (P > 0.05) in the first three days after birth. It was concluded that pregnant rabbits and large litter kits may have poor thermoregulation during West African winter, and thus, the need for special protective housing to improve productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buhari Habibu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Aliyu
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Sherif Y Idris
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Hajarah U Buhari
- Samaru College of Agriculture, Division of Agricultural Colleges, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Fatima A Galadanchi
- Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, Federal University Dutsin-Ma, Dutsin-Ma, Nigeria
| | - Musa Abdulrahman
- Swine and Rabbit Research Programme, National Animal Production Research Institute, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
| | - Lukman S Yaqub
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
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Rabaglino MB, Sánchez JM, McDonald M, O’Callaghan E, Lonergan P. Maternal blood transcriptome as a sensor of fetal organ maturation at the end of organogenesis in cattle†. Biol Reprod 2023; 109:749-758. [PMID: 37658765 PMCID: PMC10651065 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioad103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Harnessing information from the maternal blood to predict fetal growth is attractive yet scarcely explored in livestock. The objectives were to determine the transcriptomic modifications in maternal blood and fetal liver, gonads, and heart according to fetal weight and to model a molecular signature based on the fetal organs allowing the prediction of fetal weight from the maternal blood transcriptome in cattle. In addition to a contemporaneous maternal blood sample, organ samples were collected from 10 male fetuses at 42 days of gestation for RNA-sequencing. Fetal weight ranged from 1.25 to 1.69 g (mean = 1.44 ± 0.15 g). Clustering data analysis revealed clusters of co-expressed genes positively correlated with fetal weight and enriching ontological terms biologically relevant for the organ. For the heart, the 1346 co-expressed genes were involved in energy generation and protein synthesis. For the gonads, the 1042 co-expressed genes enriched seminiferous tubule development. The 459 co-expressed genes identified in the liver were associated with lipid synthesis and metabolism. Finally, the cluster of 571 co-expressed genes determined in maternal blood enriched oxidative phosphorylation and thermogenesis. Next, data from the fetal organs were used to train a regression model of fetal weight, which was predicted with the maternal blood data. The best prediction was achieved when the model was trained with 35 co-expressed genes overlapping between heart and maternal blood (root-mean-square error = 0.04, R2 = 0.93). In conclusion, linking transcriptomic information from maternal blood with that from the fetal heart unveiled maternal blood as a predictor of fetal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Belen Rabaglino
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - José María Sánchez
- Departamento de Reproducción Animal, Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael McDonald
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Elena O’Callaghan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Pat Lonergan
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Puche-Juarez M, Toledano JM, Moreno-Fernandez J, Gálvez-Ontiveros Y, Rivas A, Diaz-Castro J, Ochoa JJ. The Role of Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals in Gestation and Pregnancy Outcomes. Nutrients 2023; 15:4657. [PMID: 37960310 PMCID: PMC10648368 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances widely disseminated both in the environment and in daily-life products which can interfere with the regulation and function of the endocrine system. These substances have gradually entered the food chain, being frequently found in human blood and urine samples. This becomes a particularly serious issue when they reach vulnerable populations such as pregnant women, whose hormones are more unstable and vulnerable to EDCs. The proper formation and activity of the placenta, and therefore embryonic development, may get seriously affected by the presence of these chemicals, augmenting the risk of several pregnancy complications, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus, among others. Additionally, some of them also exert a detrimental impact on fertility, thus hindering the reproductive process from the beginning. In several cases, EDCs even induce cross-generational effects, inherited by future generations through epigenetic mechanisms. These are the reasons why a proper understanding of the reproductive and gestational alterations derived from these substances is needed, along with efforts to establish regulations and preventive measures in order to avoid exposition (especially during this particular stage of life).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Puche-Juarez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Juan M. Toledano
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Ph.D. Program, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Jorge Moreno-Fernandez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Yolanda Gálvez-Ontiveros
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Ana Rivas
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Javier Diaz-Castro
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
| | - Julio J. Ochoa
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Campus Universitario de Cartuja, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.P.-J.); (J.J.O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria (IBS), 18016 Granada, Spain;
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KURUSU S, TERASHIMA R, SUGIYAMA M, TANAKA M, KADOWAKI T, KIZAKI K, KAWAMINAMI M. Expression of lysophosphatidic acid receptors in the rat uterus: cellular distribution of protein and gestation-associated changes in gene expression. J Vet Med Sci 2023; 85:1165-1171. [PMID: 37779089 PMCID: PMC10686777 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.23-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Though lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) shows a variety of regulatory roles in reproduction, its action mechanisms in the gestational organs are still largely unknown. We here characterized cellular distribution of its six kinds of specific receptors (LPA1-6) in rat uteri by immunohistochemistry and quantitatively analyzed changes in Lpar1-6 mRNAs expression throughout pregnancy. Among LPA1-6, evident expression of LPA3, LPA4, and LPA6 was immunologically detected and less expression of immunoreactive LPA1 and LPA2 was also found. Luminal and glandular epithelial cells, stromal cells, and myometrial cells are sites of positive immunoreactions, and they are all likely to express three or more subtypes. All of Lpar1-6 mRNAs were expressed, and their alterations were variable depending on subtypes and gestational age. The present information suggests that diverse actions of LPA in the uterus involve varied expression of LPA receptors dependent on tissue/cell types, receptor subtype(s), and organ reproductive states and helps to understand uterine biology of LPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiro KURUSU
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Ryota TERASHIMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Makoto SUGIYAMA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Miho TANAKA
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Takuma KADOWAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Aomori, Japan
| | - Keiichiro KIZAKI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, Cooperative Department of Veterinary Medicine, Iwate University, Iwate, Japan
| | - Mitsumori KAWAMINAMI
- Laboratory of Veterinary Physiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Okayama University of Science, Ehime, Japan
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Heil AC, de Melo Lima Waterloo M, Guerra JM, Ferreira AMR, da Silva Leite J. Histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of foetuses from a female dog naturally infected by Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum - Case report. Vet Med Sci 2023; 9:2443-2446. [PMID: 37669416 PMCID: PMC10650230 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.1254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
This report presents anatomo-histopathological, immunohistochemical and molecular analyses of an asymptomatic female dog naturally infected with Leishmania (Leishmania) infantum and her four pups. In addition to routine serological tests, the mother's positivity was confirmed by real-time PCR of a bone marrow sample; the placenta and ovaries, however, were negative with the same analysis. The pups presented no positivity in any of the techniques used. It is suggested that the gestational period and factors related to the female's immunological condition cause greater variability in the occurrence of vertical infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carina Heil
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary ClinicFederal Fluminense University, NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | | | | | - Ana Maria Reis Ferreira
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary ClinicFederal Fluminense University, NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil
| | - Juliana da Silva Leite
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary ClinicFederal Fluminense University, NiteróiRio de JaneiroBrazil
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Benagiano G, Mancuso S, Guo SW, Di Renzo GC. Events Leading to the Establishment of Pregnancy and Placental Formation: The Need to Fine-Tune the Nomenclature on Pregnancy and Gestation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15420. [PMID: 37895099 PMCID: PMC10607313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, there is strong and diversified evidence that in humans at least 50% of early embryos do not proceed beyond the pre-implantation period. This evidence comes from clinical investigations, demography, epidemiology, embryology, immunology, and molecular biology. The purpose of this article is to highlight the steps leading to the establishment of pregnancy and placenta formation. These early events document the existence of a clear distinction between embryonic losses during the first two weeks after conception and those occurring during the subsequent months. This review attempts to highlight the nature of the maternal-embryonic dialogue and the major mechanisms active during the pre-implantation period aimed at "selecting" embryos with the ability to proceed to the formation of the placenta and therefore to the completion of pregnancy. This intense molecular cross-talk between the early embryo and the endometrium starts even before the blastocyst reaches the uterine cavity, substantially initiating and conditioning the process of implantation and the formation of the placenta. Today, several factors involved in this dialogue have been identified, although the best-known and overall, the most important, still remains Chorionic Gonadotrophin, indispensable during the first 8 to 10 weeks after fertilization. In addition, there are other substances acting during the first days following fertilization, the Early Pregnancy Factor, believed to be involved in the suppression of the maternal response, thereby allowing the continued viability of the early embryo. The Pre-Implantation Factor, secreted between 2 and 4 days after fertilization. This linear peptide molecule exhibits a self-protective and antitoxic action, is present in maternal blood as early as 7 days after conception, and is absent in the presence of non-viable embryos. The Embryo-Derived Platelet-activating Factor, produced and released by embryos of all mammalian species studied seems to have a role in the ligand-mediated trophic support of the early embryo. The implantation process is also guided by signals from cells in the decidualized endometrium. Various types of cells are involved, among them epithelial, stromal, and trophoblastic, producing a number of cellular molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules. Immune cells are also involved, mainly uterine natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells. In conclusion, events taking place during the first two weeks after fertilization determine whether pregnancy can proceed and therefore whether placenta's formation can proceed. These events represent the scientific basis for a clear distinction between the first two weeks following fertilization and the rest of gestation. For this reason, we propose that a new nomenclature be adopted specifically separating the two periods. In other words, the period from fertilization and birth should be named "gestation", whereas that from the completion of the process of implantation leading to the formation of the placenta, and birth should be named "pregnancy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Benagiano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Mancuso
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Research Institute, Shanghai Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Flor-Alemany M, Acosta-Manzano P, Migueles JH, Henriksson P, Löf M, Aparicio VA. Impact of Exercise Intervention Combined with Optimal Mediterranean Diet Adherence during Pregnancy on Postpartum Body Composition: A Quasi-Experimental Study-The GESTAFIT Project. Nutrients 2023; 15:4413. [PMID: 37892487 PMCID: PMC10609918 DOI: 10.3390/nu15204413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate whether the effects of an exercise program during pregnancy on postpartum body composition are moderated by following a healthy dietary pattern (i.e., Mediterranean diet (MD)). Eighty-three pregnant women (control n = 40, exercise n = 43) were included in the present quasi-experimental study. The exercise intervention consisted of a 60 min, 3 day/week throughout pregnancy from gestational week 17, supervised concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise program. A food frequency questionnaire and the MD Score (min-max: 0-50) were employed to assess dietary habits and the MD adherence during pregnancy, respectively. Postpartum body composition was measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, 6 weeks postpartum. The body mass index and the gynecoid fat mass at postpartum were lower in the exercise compared to the control group (p = 0.018 and p = 0.047, respectively). There was an interaction showing that the MD adherence during pregnancy positively moderated the effects of the exercise intervention on postpartum lean mass (p = 0.024), fat mass percentage (p = 0.092), android fat mass (p = 0.076), and android-to-gynecoid fat mass (p = 0.019). The Johnson-Neyman technique revealed that the effects of exercise were enhanced at a MD score of ~31 for lean mass, ~25 for fat mass, ~23 for android fat mass and ~29 for android-to-gynecoid fat mass. Our results suggest that a concurrent-exercise training plus an optimal MD adherence during pregnancy might be a useful strategy to promote a healthier body composition at the postpartum period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Flor-Alemany
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (V.A.A.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain;
| | - Pedro Acosta-Manzano
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain;
- Institute of Human Movement Science, Sport and Health, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Jairo H. Migueles
- PROFITH “Promoting FITness and Health through Physical Activity” Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sports, Faculty of Sport Sciences, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 58183 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 14152 Huddinge, Sweden;
| | - Virginia A. Aparicio
- Department of Physiology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (M.F.-A.); (V.A.A.)
- Biomedical Research Centre (CIBM), Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology (INYTA), University of Granada, 18016 Granada, Spain
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), 18007 Granada, Spain;
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Grilo LF, Martins JD, Diniz MS, Tocantins C, Cavallaro CH, Baldeiras I, Cunha-Oliveira T, Ford S, Nathanielsz PW, Oliveira PJ, Pereira SP. Maternal hepatic adaptations during obese pregnancy encompass lobe-specific mitochondrial alterations and oxidative stress. Clin Sci (Lond) 2023; 137:1347-1372. [PMID: 37565250 DOI: 10.1042/cs20230048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Maternal obesity (MO) is rising worldwide, affecting half of all gestations, constituting a possible risk-factor for some pregnancy-associated liver diseases (PALD) and hepatic diseases. PALD occur in approximately 3% of pregnancies and are characterized by maternal hepatic oxidative stress (OS) and mitochondrial dysfunction. Maternal hepatic disease increases maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Understanding the role of MO on liver function and pathophysiology could be crucial for better understanding the altered pathways leading to PALD and liver disease, possibly paving the way to prevention and adequate management of disease. We investigated specific hepatic metabolic alterations in mitochondria and oxidative stress during MO at late-gestation. Maternal hepatic tissue was collected at 90% gestation in Control and MO ewes (fed 150% of recommended nutrition starting 60 days before conception). Maternal hepatic redox state, mitochondrial respiratory chain (MRC), and OS markers were investigated. MO decreased MRC complex-II activity and its subunits SDHA and SDHB protein expression, increased complex-I and complex-IV activities despite reduced complex-IV subunit mtCO1 protein expression, and increased ATP synthase ATP5A subunit. Hepatic MO-metabolic remodeling was characterized by decreased adenine nucleotide translocator 1 and 2 (ANT-1/2) and voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) protein expression and protein kinase A (PKA) activity (P<0.01), and augmented NAD+/NADH ratio due to reduced NADH levels (P<0.01). MO showed an altered redox state with increased OS, increased lipid peroxidation (P<0.01), decreased GSH/GSSG ratio (P=0.005), increased superoxide dismutase (P=0.03) and decreased catalase (P=0.03) antioxidant enzymatic activities, lower catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPX)-4 and glutathione reductase protein expression (P<0.05), and increased GPX-1 abundance (P=0.03). MO-related hepatic changes were more evident in the right lobe, corroborated by the integrative data analysis. Hepatic tissue from obese pregnant ewes showed alterations in the redox state, consistent with OS and MRC and metabolism remodeling. These are hallmarks of PALD and hepatic disease, supporting MO as a risk-factor and highlighting OS and mitochondrial dysfunction as mechanisms responsible for liver disease predisposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís F Grilo
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
- Ph.D. Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research (IIIUC), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João D Martins
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Mariana S Diniz
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Chiara H Cavallaro
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Inês Baldeiras
- Neurological Clinic, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Teresa Cunha-Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Stephen Ford
- Department of Animal Science, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY, U.S.A
| | | | - Paulo J Oliveira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Susana P Pereira
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, CIBB - Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, UC-Biotech, Biocant Park, Cantanhede, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LametEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Malhotra A, Razak A. Risk of childhood asthma in those born small. Respirology 2023; 28:821-823. [PMID: 37393434 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
See related article
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Abdul Razak
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Newborn, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Selvaratnam RJ, Wallace EM, Rolnik DL, Mol BW, Butler SE, Bisits A, Lawson J, Davey MA. Elective induction of labour at full-term gestations and childhood school outcomes. J Paediatr Child Health 2023; 59:1028-1034. [PMID: 37294278 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.16449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
AIM To explore the association between induction of labour at full-term gestations in low-risk nulliparous women and childhood school outcomes. METHODS A retrospective whole-of-population cohort study linking perinatal data to educational test scores at grades 3, 5 and 7 in Victoria, Australia. Low-risk nulliparous women with singleton pregnancies induced at 39 and 40 weeks without a medical indication were compared to those expectantly managed from that week of gestation. Multivariable logistic regressions were used as well as generalised estimating equations on longitudinal data. RESULTS At 39 weeks, there were 3687 and 103 164 infants in the induction and expectant arms, respectively. At 40 weeks' gestation, there were 7914 and 70 280 infants, respectively. Infants born to nulliparous women induced at 39 weeks' gestation had significantly poorer educational outcomes at grade 3 (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.39, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.13-1.70) but not grades 5 (aOR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.84-1.33) and 7 (aOR = 1.07, 95% CI: 0.81-1.40) compared to those expectantly managed. Infants born to nulliparous women induced at 40 weeks had comparable educational outcomes at grade 3 (aOR = 1.06, 95% CI: 0.90-1.25) but poorer educational outcomes at grades 5 (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05-1.43) and 7 (aOR = 1.23, 95% CI: 1.03-1.47) compared to those expectantly managed. CONCLUSIONS There were inconsistent associations between elective induction of labour at full-term gestations in low-risk nulliparous women and impaired childhood school outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roshan J Selvaratnam
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Safer Care Victoria, Department of Health, Victorian Government, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Euan M Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Health, Victorian Government, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel L Rolnik
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben W Mol
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarah E Butler
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Bisits
- School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Royal Hospital for Women, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Janna Lawson
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mary-Ann Davey
- The Ritchie Centre, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Safer Care Victoria, Department of Health, Victorian Government, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Poznyak AV, Khotina VA, Zhigmitova EB, Sukhorukov VN, Postnov AY, Orekhov AN. Is There a Relationship between Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Future Development of Atherosclerosis? Biomedicines 2023; 11:2430. [PMID: 37760871 PMCID: PMC10525592 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is one of the main death causes globally. Effective cardiovascular risk management requires a thorough understanding of the mechanisms underlying the disorder. Establishing early markers of the disease allows a timely intervention and prevention of further atherosclerosis development. Multiple studies confirm the correlation between pregnancy disorders and cardiovascular disease in the postpartum period. Moreover, over 30% of women experience adverse pregnancy outcomes. Thus, the examination of the links between these conditions and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease may help to identify gender-specific risk factors. In this review, we will explore the association between several adverse pregnancy outcome conditions and atherosclerosis. The current analysis is based on the data from several recent studies on the mechanisms behind gestational diabetes, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, miscarriages, and stillbirths and their implications for the female cardiovascular system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia V. Poznyak
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Osennyaya 4-1-207, 121609 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria A. Khotina
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery» (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Abrikosovsky per., 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (E.B.Z.); (V.N.S.); (A.Y.P.)
| | - Elena B. Zhigmitova
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery» (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Abrikosovsky per., 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (E.B.Z.); (V.N.S.); (A.Y.P.)
| | - Vasily N. Sukhorukov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery» (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Abrikosovsky per., 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (E.B.Z.); (V.N.S.); (A.Y.P.)
| | - Anton Y. Postnov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery» (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Abrikosovsky per., 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (E.B.Z.); (V.N.S.); (A.Y.P.)
| | - Alexander N. Orekhov
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution «Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery» (FSBSI “Petrovsky NRCS”), Abrikosovsky per., 2, 119991 Moscow, Russia; (V.A.K.); (E.B.Z.); (V.N.S.); (A.Y.P.)
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Romero R, Theis KR, Gomez-Lopez N, Winters AD, Panzer JJ, Lin H, Galaz J, Greenberg JM, Shaffer Z, Kracht DJ, Chaiworapongsa T, Jung E, Gotsch F, Ravel J, Peddada SD, Tarca AL. The Vaginal Microbiota of Pregnant Women Varies with Gestational Age, Maternal Age, and Parity. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0342922. [PMID: 37486223 PMCID: PMC10434204 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03429-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the vaginal microbiota is heavily influenced by pregnancy and may factor into pregnancy complications, including spontaneous preterm birth. However, results among studies have been inconsistent due, in part, to variation in sample sizes and ethnicity. Thus, an association between the vaginal microbiota and preterm labor continues to be debated. Yet, before assessing associations between the composition of the vaginal microbiota and preterm labor, a robust and in-depth characterization of the vaginal microbiota throughout pregnancy in the specific study population under investigation is required. Here, we report a large longitudinal study (n = 474 women, 1,862 vaginal samples) of a predominantly African-American cohort-a population that experiences a relatively high rate of pregnancy complications-evaluating associations between individual identity, gestational age, and other maternal characteristics with the composition of the vaginal microbiota throughout gestation resulting in term delivery. The principal factors influencing the composition of the vaginal microbiota in pregnancy are individual identity and gestational age at sampling. Other factors are maternal age, parity, obesity, and self-reported Cannabis use. The general pattern across gestation is for the vaginal microbiota to remain or transition to a state of Lactobacillus dominance. This pattern can be modified by maternal parity and obesity. Regardless, network analyses reveal dynamic associations among specific bacterial taxa within the vaginal ecosystem, which shift throughout the course of pregnancy. This study provides a robust foundational understanding of the vaginal microbiota in pregnancy and sets the stage for further investigation of this microbiota in obstetrical disease. IMPORTANCE There is debate regarding links between the vaginal microbiota and pregnancy complications, especially spontaneous preterm birth. Inconsistencies in results among studies are likely due to differences in sample sizes and cohort ethnicity. Ethnicity is a complicating factor because, although all bacterial taxa commonly inhabiting the vagina are present among all ethnicities, the frequencies of these taxa vary among ethnicities. Therefore, an in-depth characterization of the vaginal microbiota throughout pregnancy in the specific study population under investigation is required prior to evaluating associations between the vaginal microbiota and obstetrical disease. This initial investigation is a large longitudinal study of the vaginal microbiota throughout gestation resulting in a term delivery in a predominantly African-American cohort, a population that experiences disproportionally negative maternal-fetal health outcomes. It establishes the magnitude of associations between maternal characteristics, such as age, parity, body mass index, and self-reported Cannabis use, on the vaginal microbiota in pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Romero
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Kevin R. Theis
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Andrew D. Winters
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jonathan J. Panzer
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Huang Lin
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jose Galaz
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jonathan M. Greenberg
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Zachary Shaffer
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - David J. Kracht
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
| | - Jacques Ravel
- Institute for Genome Sciences, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shyamal D. Peddada
- Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Branch, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Pregnancy Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, USA
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, USA
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Li Y, Liu X, Chu Y, Li C, Gao T, Jiang X, Zhu Z, Sheng Q, Han L. Effect of high-fructose consumption in pregnancy on the bone growth of offspring rats. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1203063. [PMID: 37662593 PMCID: PMC10469680 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1203063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that bone health is programmed in early life. Maternal diet may influence the skeletal development of offspring. We aimed to determine the possible effects of high-fructose intake during pregnancy on different aspects of long bone morphology in the offspring of rats and to initially explore the possible mechanisms. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and intragastrically administered the same dose of distilled water (CON, n = 12), 20 g/kg/day glucose (GLU, n = 12), 10 g/kg/day fructose (LFRU, n = 12), or 20 g/kg/day fructose (HFRU, n = 12) for 21 days during gestation. Computed tomography was used to analyze the cortical and cancellous bones of the distal femur of the offspring rats, and circulating bone metabolic biomarkers were measured using enzyme immunoassay. The results showed that high-fructose intake during pregnancy could decrease body weight, impair glucose metabolism, and increase serum leptin and uric acid in offspring. The offspring in the HFRU group had higher levels of the N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP) and the C-telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX). The bone mean density (BMD), the total cross-sectional area inside the periosteal envelope (Tt.Ar), cortical bone area (Ct.Ar), medullary (or marrow) area (Ma.Ar), and trabecular mean density of the offspring in the HFRU group were lower than those in the CON group. Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (Trap) staining showed that high-fructose intake during pregnancy could increase the number of osteoclasts and increase the absorption area. Our results suggested that excessive fructose intake during pregnancy could inhibit skeletal development in offspring. Thus, attention to fructose intake during pregnancy is important for bone development in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Li
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuning Chu
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Cai Li
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tianlin Gao
- School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiuli Jiang
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qi Sheng
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Han
- Department of Nutrition, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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Kabbani N, Stepan H, Blüher M, Ebert T, Baber R, Vogel M, Kiess W, Stumvoll M, Breitfeld J, Lössner U, Tönjes A, Schrey-Petersen S. Association between TGFβ1 Levels in Cord Blood and Weight Progress in the First Year of Life. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2220. [PMID: 37626717 PMCID: PMC10452394 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGFβ1) is an adipokine secreted from adipose tissue, placental tissue and immune cells with a role in cell proliferation, cell apoptosis and angiogenic proliferation. The role of TGFβ1 in pregnancy and child growth and the source of cord TGFβ1 are yet unknown. In this study, we sought to clarify the correlation of TGFβ1 levels with parameters of intrauterine growth and child growth during the first year of life, and to determine whether their source is primarily of fetal or maternal origin. Serum samples and anthropometric measurements were obtained from the LIFE Child cohort of 79 healthy mother-child pairs. Measurements were conducted using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Statistical analyses including Mann-Whitney U-test, correlation analyses and linear regression analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism and R. TGFβ1 levels were significantly higher in cord than in maternal serum, suggesting a fetal origin. Multivariate regression analyses revealed strong positive associations between cord TGFβ1 levels at birth and child weight at U6. Furthermore, cord TGFβ1 was significantly correlated with child weight at approximately one year of age. An increase of 10,000 pg/mL in cord TGFβ1 concentrations at birth was associated with a higher body weight of 201 g at roughly one year of age when adjusted for sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura Kabbani
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Stepan
- Department of Obstetrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München, The University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas Ebert
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ronny Baber
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Clinical Chemistry and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Leipzig Medical Biobank, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mandy Vogel
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Department of Pediatrics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Stumvoll
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jana Breitfeld
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulrike Lössner
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anke Tönjes
- Medical Department III—Endocrinology, Nephrology, Rheumatology, University of Leipzig Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Fulton JO, Blair AD, Underwood KR, Daly RF, Gonda MG, Perry GA, Wright CL. The Effect of Copper and Zinc Sources on Liver Copper and Zinc Concentrations and Performance of Beef Cows and Suckling Calves. Vet Sci 2023; 10:511. [PMID: 37624298 PMCID: PMC10458842 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10080511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
To determine the influence of the source of gestational and postnatal Cu and Zn supplementation on cow and calf performance, cows (n = 287) were assigned to one of the following two treatments: (1) inorganic (INORG) treatment, in which cows were supplemented with 15 mg of Cu (as CuSO4) and 15 mg of Zn (as ZnSO4) per kg of diet DM, or (2) organic (ORG) treatment, in which cows were supplemented with 15 mg of Cu (as Cu proteinate; Bioplex Cu, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) and 15 mg of Zn (as Zn proteinate; Bioplex Zn, Alltech, Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) per kg of diet DM. The treatments were initiated prior to breeding and continued throughout gestation until weaning. Liver biopsies were collected for analysis of mineral content. Cow body condition score (BCS), body weight (BW), pregnancy data, calf weaning weight (WW), and antibody response of the calves were recorded. The cows receiving the INORG treatment had a greater BW (p < 0.05) and BCS (p < 0.01) at breeding in Year 2, while the cows on the ORG treatment had a greater (p < 0.05) BW at weaning in Year 2. The cows that received the ORG mineral had improved (p < 0.05) conception rates in Year 1. The calves receiving the ORG treatment had heavier (p < 0.05) 205-day adjusted WWs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse O. Fulton
- Department of Animal Science, University of Nebraska Panhandle Research & Extension Center, 4502 Ave I, Scottsbluff, NE 69361, USA
| | - Amanda D. Blair
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, P.O. Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (A.D.B.); (K.R.U.); (M.G.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Keith R. Underwood
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, P.O. Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (A.D.B.); (K.R.U.); (M.G.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - Russell F. Daly
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, South Dakota State University, P.O. Box 2175, Brookings, SD 57007, USA;
| | - Michael G. Gonda
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, P.O. Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (A.D.B.); (K.R.U.); (M.G.G.); (C.L.W.)
| | - George A. Perry
- Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, 1710 FM3053, Overton, TX 75684, USA;
| | - Cody L. Wright
- Department of Animal Science, South Dakota State University, P.O. Box 2170, Brookings, SD 57007, USA; (A.D.B.); (K.R.U.); (M.G.G.); (C.L.W.)
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Marín-Jiménez N, Baena-García L, Coll-Risco I, Flor-Alemany M, Castro-Piñero J, Aparicio VA. Influence of a Concurrent Exercise Training Program on Health-Related Quality of Life During Advanced Pregnancy: The GESTAFIT Project. Sports Health 2023:19417381231189730. [PMID: 37525559 DOI: 10.1177/19417381231189730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) may be altered during pregnancy due to pregnancy-related changes in all domains of women's health. HYPOTHESIS A supervised concurrent exercise-training program from the 17th gestational week until birth positively influences HRQoL. STUDY DESIGN Randomized controlled trial. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level 1. METHODS Eighty-six pregnant women (age, 33.1 ± 4.6 years; prepregnancy body mass index, 23.5 kg/m2), divided into exercise (n = 41) and control (n = 45) groups, participated in this study (per-protocol basis). The exercise group followed a 60-min, 3 days/week, concurrent (aerobic + resistance) exercise training program. HRQoL was assessed with the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), where higher scores (0-100) indicate better HRQoL. RESULTS After adjusting for potential confounders, the exercise group decreased 16.1 points less than the control group in the SF-36 physical functioning domain [between-group differences (B): 95% confidence interval (CI), 9.02 to 23.22; P < 0.01], and 4.5 points less in the SF-36 physical component summary than the control group (between-group differences (B): 95% CI, 0.65 to 8.28; P = 0.02). Intention-to-treat basis analyses depicted similar results, where the exercise group decreased 10.03 points less than the control group the in the SF-36 social functioning domain (between-group differences (B): 95% CI, 0.39 to 19.68; P = 0.04). CONCLUSION A supervised concurrent exercise training program ameliorates HRQoL decreases along gestation. Although HRQoL decreased throughout pregnancy in both groups, this impact was less in the exercise group, especially in the SF-36 physical functioning, the SF-36 social functioning, and the SF-36 physical component summary. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Healthcare providers may encourage pregnant women to exercise in this physiological stage for a better HRQoL throughout pregnancy. CLINICALTRIALS.GOV IDENTIFIER NCT02582567; Date of registration: 20/10/2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Marín-Jiménez
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Laura Baena-García
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs, Granada, Spain
| | - Irene Coll-Risco
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Marta Flor-Alemany
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - José Castro-Piñero
- GALENO Research Group, Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education Sciences, University of Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación e Innovación Biomédica de Cádiz (INiBICA), Cádiz, Spain
| | - Virginia A Aparicio
- Sport and Health University Research Institute (IMUDS), University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Glzartea, Kirola eta Ariketa Fisikoa Ikerkuntza Taldea (GIKAFIT), Society Sports and Exercise Research Group, Department of Physical Education and Sport, Faculty of Education and Sport-Physical Activity and Sport Sciences Section, University of Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Vitoria-Gasteiz, Araba/Álava, Basque Country, Spain
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Luigi-Sierra MG, Guan D, López-Béjar M, Casas E, Olvera-Maneu S, Gardela J, Palomo MJ, Osuagwuh UI, Ohaneje UL, Mármol-Sánchez E, Amills M. A protein-coding gene expression atlas from the brain of pregnant and non-pregnant goats. Front Genet 2023; 14:1114749. [PMID: 37519888 PMCID: PMC10382233 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1114749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The brain is an extraordinarily complex organ with multiple anatomical structures involved in highly specialized functions related with behavior and physiological homeostasis. Our goal was to build an atlas of protein-coding gene expression in the goat brain by sequencing the transcriptomes of 12 brain regions in seven female Murciano-Granadina goats, from which three of them were 1-month pregnant. Results: Between 14,889 (cerebellar hemisphere) and 15,592 (pineal gland) protein-coding genes were expressed in goat brain regions, and most of them displayed ubiquitous or broad patterns of expression across tissues. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering based on the patterns of mRNA expression revealed that samples from certain brain regions tend to group according to their position in the anterior-posterior axis of the neural tube, i.e., hindbrain (pons and medulla oblongata), midbrain (rostral colliculus) and forebrain (frontal neocortex, olfactory bulb, hypothalamus, and hippocampus). Exceptions to this observation were cerebellum and glandular tissues (pineal gland and hypophysis), which showed highly divergent mRNA expression profiles. Differential expression analysis between pregnant and non-pregnant goats revealed moderate changes of mRNA expression in the frontal neocortex, hippocampus, adenohypophysis and pons, and very dramatic changes in the olfactory bulb. Many genes showing differential expression in this organ are related to olfactory function and behavior in humans. Conclusion: With the exception of cerebellum and glandular tissues, there is a relationship between the cellular origin of sampled regions along the anterior-posterior axis of the neural tube and their mRNA expression patterns in the goat adult brain. Gestation induces substantial changes in the mRNA expression of the olfactory bulb, a finding consistent with the key role of this anatomical structure on the development of maternal behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dailu Guan
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Manel López-Béjar
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Encarna Casas
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Sergi Olvera-Maneu
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Gardela
- Department of Animal Health and Anatomy, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - María Jesús Palomo
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Uchebuchi Ike Osuagwuh
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Uchechi Linda Ohaneje
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emilio Mármol-Sánchez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
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Lysiak NSJ, Ferguson SH, Hornby CA, Heide-Jørgensen MP, Matthews CJD. Prolonged baleen hormone cycles suggest atypical reproductive endocrinology of female bowhead whales. R Soc Open Sci 2023; 10:230365. [PMID: 37501659 PMCID: PMC10369022 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.230365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Serial measurements of hormone concentrations along baleen plates allow for reconstructions of mysticete whale reproductive histories. We assessed gestation and calving interval in bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) by measuring progesterone, oestradiol, corticosterone and nitrogen stable isotope ratios (δ15N) along baleen of 10 females from the eastern Canada-west Greenland population. Three immature females (body size < 14.32 m) had uniformly low progesterone concentrations across their baleen, while seven mature females (body size ≥ 14.35 m) had repeated, sustained elevations of progesterone indicative of pregnancies. The mean duration of progesterone elevations (23.6 ± 1.50 months) was considerably longer than the approximately 14 month gestation previously estimated for this species. We consider several possible explanations for this observation, including delayed implantation or sequential ovulations prior to gestation, strategies that would allow females to maximize their fitness in variable Arctic conditions, as well as suggest modified criteria defining gestation as a shorter component of the entire progesterone peak. Calving intervals varied within and among individuals (mean = 3.7 years; range = range 2.8-5.7 years), providing population-specific reproductive estimates for growth models used in bowhead whale management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- N. S. J. Lysiak
- Biology Department, Suffolk University, Boston, 02108, MA, USA
| | - S. H. Ferguson
- Arctic Aquatic Research Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6
| | - C. A. Hornby
- Arctic Aquatic Research Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6
| | | | - C. J. D. Matthews
- Arctic Aquatic Research Division, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, 501 University Crescent, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N6
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Aghaei Z, Hajian S, Darvish S. Maternal Plasma Lipid Profile and Risk of Spontaneous Preterm Labor Study in a Sample of Iranian Women in 2019. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2023; 28:468-473. [PMID: 37694214 PMCID: PMC10484381 DOI: 10.4103/ijnmr.ijnmr_326_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Background Neonatal problems and adverse outcomes may be minimized by up to 90-75% when preterm delivery is diagnosed early and managed properly. This study aimed to determine the association of maternal plasma lipid indices with the occurrence of spontaneous preterm labor. Material and Methods This matched pair case-control study was performed on 80 pregnant women referred to a teaching hospital in Tehran for childbirth in 2019. The lipid profile was assessed in women with spontaneous preterm labor and term birth. According to age, Body Mass Index (BMI), pregnancy number, employment status, and educational level, the women in each group were paired. Data were analyzed using an independent-samples t-test, Mann-Whitney U-test, Chi-square, linear regression, and conditional logistic regression. Results Mean serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein were all significantly higher in the case group compared with the control group (p < 0.05). The conditional logistic regression test confirmed that this association remained significant even after adjusting the effect of potentially confounding factors such as maternal age and body mass index. In addition, in linear regression the increased levels of triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein were found to be associated with 3.33-fold (1.32.-5.32 95% CI, p < 0.001), 2.94-fold (1.60-3.14 95% CI, p = 0.002), and 2.46-fold (1.31.-2.91 95% CI, p = 0.006) increased risk of preterm labor, respectively. Conclusions High triglyceride, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein serum levels may be linked to an increased chance of spontaneous preterm labor, which might be considered a risk factor for this pregnancy problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Aghaei
- Student Research Committee, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sepideh Hajian
- Midwifery and Reproductive Health, Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soodabeh Darvish
- Department of Obstetrics and, Gynecology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ceglédi A, Dolgos J, Fekete M, Gopcsa L, Várkonyi A, Vilimi B, Mikala G, Bodó I. Delayed spontaneous remission of acquired factor V inhibitor refractory to immunosuppressive therapy with pregnancy-associated improvement. Pathol Oncol Res 2023; 29:1611250. [PMID: 37334173 PMCID: PMC10272408 DOI: 10.3389/pore.2023.1611250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Acquired factor V inhibitor (AFVI) is a rare autoimmune bleeding disorder. The treatment of AFVI is challenging, and patients often require both bleeding control and inhibitor eradication. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of the medical records of a 35-year-old Caucasian woman who presented with severe AFVI-induced bleeding and subsequent immunosuppressive therapy. Results: To provide haemostasis, rFVIIa was given with good efficacy. The patient was treated with various combinations of immunosuppressive regimens over the course of 2.5 years, including plasmapheresis plus immunoglobulins, dexamethasone + rituximab, cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone + rituximab + cyclosporine, cyclosporin + sirolimus + cyclophosphamide + dexamethasone, bortezomib + sirolimus + methylprednisolone, and sirolimus + mycophenolate mofetil. Although these treatment modalities resulted in intermittent partial reversals of AFVI over 2.5 years, eventually the inhibitor became therapy-resistant. However, following the discontinuation of all immunosuppressive therapy, the patient experienced a partial spontaneous remission, which was followed by a pregnancy. During the pregnancy, the FV activity increased to 54% and the coagulation parameters returned to normal levels. The patient underwent Caesarean section without any bleeding complications and delivered a healthy child. Discussion: The use of an activated bypassing agent for bleeding control is effective in patients with severe AFVI. The presented case is unique because the treatment regimens included multiple combinations of immunosuppressive agents. This demonstrates that AFVI patients may undergo spontaneous remission even after multiple courses of ineffective immunosuppressive protocols. Additionally, pregnancy-associated improvement of AFVI is an important finding that warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ceglédi
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Dolgos
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mónika Fekete
- Department of Public Health, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Gopcsa
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Andrea Várkonyi
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beáta Vilimi
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gábor Mikala
- Departments of Hematology and Stem Cell Transplantation, South Pest Central Hospital, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Saint Ladislaus Campus, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Imre Bodó
- Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
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50
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Wang Y, Li G, Ma X, Xu S, Lin Y, Lun H, Li J, Feng B, Fang Z, Jiang X, Zhuo Y, Che L, Wu D. Chemical composition, energy content and apparent total tract digestibility of extruded full fat soybean from different sources fed to non-gestating, gestating and lactating sows. J Anim Sci 2023:7162616. [PMID: 37184114 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skad154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This experiment was conducted to determine the chemical composition, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME) and the apparent total tract (ATTD) of nutrients in six extruded full fat soybean (EFSB) samples from different sources fed to non-gestating, gestating and lactating sows. Forty-two non-gestating sows (Landrace ×Yorkshire; parity 3 to 5), 42 gestating sows (Landrace ×Yorkshire; parity 3 to 5; day 90 of gestation) and 42 lactating sows (Landrace ×Yorkshire; parity 3 to 5; day 6 of lactation) were assigned to seven dietary treatments including a corn-based diet and six diets containing 30.24% EFSB from different sources in a completely randomized design with six replicate sows per dietary treatment. Total fecal and urine collection method was used during non-gestation and gestation, and the index method was used during lactation (0.3% chromic oxide). Differences in the chemical composition of the six EFSB samples from different sources were mainly reflected in ether extract (EE), ash, crude fiber (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), total dietary fiber (TDF), insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and vitamin and micro minerals content, with a coefficient of variation (CV) ≥8.37%. The potassium hydroxide (KOH) solubility of the six EFSB samples varied from 66.60 to 85.55%. There were no differences in ATTD of NDF between different EFSB samples. Additionally, there were no differences in ME values and ME/DE ratios between different physiological stages, but ATTD of NDF were higher for non-gestating and gestating sows than lactating sows (P <0.01). In conclusion, EFSB can be used as a high-quality energy ingredient with high DE and ME values when fed to sows. DE values of EFSB in non-gestating, gestating, and lactating sows were 20.50, 20.70, and 20.02 MJ/kg, respectively, while ME values of EFSB was 19.76 MJ/kg in both non-gestating and gestating sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Wang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Guowei Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiangyuan Ma
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Hua Lun
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Jian Li
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China, Ministry of Education, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China
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