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Parrillo S, De Amicis I, Bucci R, Hattab J, Robbe D, Carluccio A. A rare case of adventitious placentation (diffuse semi-placenta) in a Jersey cow. Acta Vet Hung 2024; 72:51-55. [PMID: 38573775 DOI: 10.1556/004.2024.00968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Placental abnormalities more frequently occur during pregnancy of somatic cell clones and may lead to pregnancy loss or dystocia. Adventitious placentation, or diffuse semi-placenta, is determined by the development of areas of accessory placentation between the cotyledons due to the abnormal growth of placentomes.After a full-term pregnancy, a 3-year-old Jersey heifer was referred for dystocia which resulted in the delivery of a dead calf. The cause of dystocia was found to be foetal malposition, while the placenta was physiologically expelled after dystocia resolution.Grossly, cotyledons appeared reduced in size and number in one placental horn, while the surface of the other horn was covered with microplacentomes. Numerous villous structures without trophoblastic coating were highlighted after histopathology. The dominant sign was an inflammatory reaction. The findings were consistent with inter-cotyledonal placentitis, which led to adventitial placentation.Diffuse semi-placenta compensates for the inadequate development of placentomes and may occur as a congenital or acquired defect. The outcome depends on its severity: in the worst scenario, pregnancy may not proceed beyond midterm and may be complicated by hydrallantois. In the case under examination, the dimensions of the cotyledons (from 2 to 10 cm) allowed for the natural course of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvatore Parrillo
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Ippolito De Amicis
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Roberta Bucci
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Jasmine Hattab
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Domenico Robbe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
| | - Augusto Carluccio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Teramo, 64100, Piano d'Accio, Teramo, Italy
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Claiborne A, Wisseman B, Kern K, Steen D, Jevtovic F, McDonald S, Strom C, Newton E, Isler C, Devente J, Mouro S, Collier D, Kuehn D, Kelley GA, May LE. Exercise FITT-V during pregnancy: Association with birth outcomes. Birth Defects Res 2024; 116:e2340. [PMID: 38659157 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.2340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prenatal exercise improves birth outcomes, but research into exercise dose-response effects is limited. METHODS This study is a retrospective, secondary analysis of pooled data from three blinded, prospective, randomized controlled trials. Prenatal exercise frequency, intensity, type, time, and volume (FITT-V) were assessed in supervised sessions throughout pregnancy. Gestational age (GA), neonatal resting heart rate (rHR), morphometrics (body circumferences, weight-to-length and ponderal index) Apgar and reflex scores, and placental measures were obtained at birth. Stepwise regressions and Pearson correlations determined associations between FITT-V and birth outcomes. RESULTS Prenatal exercise frequency reduces ponderal index (R2 = 0.15, F = 2.76, p = .05) and increased total number of reflexes present at birth (R2 = 0.24, F = 7.89, p < .001), while exercise intensity was related to greater gestational age and birth length (R2 = 0.08, F = 3.14; R2 = 0.12, F = 3.86, respectively; both p = .04); exercise weekly volume was associated with shorter hospital stay (R2 = 0.24, F = 4.73, p = .01). Furthermore, exercise type was associated with placenta size (R2 = 0.47, F = 3.51, p = .01). CONCLUSIONS Prenatal exercise is positively related to birth and placental outcomes in a dose-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Claiborne
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University (ECU), North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Breanna Wisseman
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University (ECU), North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kara Kern
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University (ECU), North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Dylan Steen
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University (ECU), North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Filip Jevtovic
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University (ECU), North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Samantha McDonald
- School of Kinesiology and Recreation, Illinois State University, Normal, Illinois, USA
| | - Cody Strom
- Department of Kinesiology and Sport, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, Indiana, USA
| | - Edward Newton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Christy Isler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - James Devente
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Steven Mouro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - David Collier
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - Devon Kuehn
- Department of Pediatrics, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
| | - George A Kelley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
- School of Public and Population Health, Boise State University, Boise, Idaho, USA
| | - Linda E May
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University (ECU), North Carolina, USA
- Human Performance Laboratory, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- East Carolina Diabetes and Obesity Institute, ECU, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Laundon D, Gostling NJ, Sengers BG, Chavatte-Palmer P, Lewis RM. Placental evolution from a three-dimensional and multiscale structural perspective. Evolution 2024; 78:13-25. [PMID: 37974468 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The placenta mediates physiological exchange between the mother and the fetus. In placental mammals, all placentas are descended from a single common ancestor and functions are conserved across species; however, the placenta exhibits radical structural diversity. The selective pressures behind this structural diversity are poorly understood. Traditionally, placental structures have largely been investigated by grouping them into qualitative categories. Assessing the placenta on this basis could be problematic when inferring the relative "efficiency" of a placental configuration to transfer nutrients from mother to fetus. We argue that only by considering placentas as three-dimensional (3D) biological structures, integrated across scales, can the evolutionary questions behind their enormous structural diversity be quantitatively determined. We review the current state of placental evolution from a structural perspective, detail where 3D imaging and computational modeling have been used to gain insight into placental function, and outline an experimental roadmap to answer evolutionary questions from a multiscale 3D structural perspective. Our approach aims to shed light on placental evolution, and can be transferred to evolutionary investigations in any organ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Laundon
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Gostling
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bram G Sengers
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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4
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Fallon BP, Lautner-Csorba O, Major TC, Lautner G, Harvey SL, Langley MW, Johnson MD, Saveski C, Matusko N, Rabah R, Rojas-Pena A, Meyerhoff ME, Bartlett RH, Mychaliska GB. Extracorporeal life support without systemic anticoagulation: a nitric oxide-based non-thrombogenic circuit for the artificial placenta in an ovine model. Pediatr Res 2024; 95:93-101. [PMID: 37087539 PMCID: PMC10600655 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-023-02605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical translation of the extracorporeal artificial placenta (AP) is impeded by the high risk for intracranial hemorrhage in extremely premature newborns. The Nitric Oxide Surface Anticoagulation (NOSA) system is a novel non-thrombogenic extracorporeal circuit. This study aims to test the NOSA system in the AP without systemic anticoagulation. METHODS Ten extremely premature lambs were delivered and connected to the AP. For the NOSA group, the circuit was coated with DBHD-N2O2/argatroban, 100 ppm nitric oxide was blended into the sweep gas, and no systemic anticoagulation was given. For the Heparin control group, a non-coated circuit was used and systemic anticoagulation was administered. RESULTS Animals survived 6.8 ± 0.6 days with normal hemodynamics and gas exchange. Neither group had any hemorrhagic or thrombotic complications. ACT (194 ± 53 vs. 261 ± 86 s; p < 0.001) and aPTT (39 ± 7 vs. 69 ± 23 s; p < 0.001) were significantly lower in the NOSA group than the Heparin group. Platelet and leukocyte activation did not differ significantly from baseline in the NOSA group. Methemoglobin was 3.2 ± 1.1% in the NOSA group compared to 1.6 ± 0.6% in the Heparin group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The AP with the NOSA system successfully supported extremely premature lambs for 7 days without significant bleeding or thrombosis. IMPACT The Nitric Oxide Surface Anticoagulation (NOSA) system provides effective circuit-based anticoagulation in a fetal sheep model of the extracorporeal artificial placenta (AP) for 7 days. The NOSA system is the first non-thrombogenic circuit to consistently obviate the need for systemic anticoagulation in an extracorporeal circuit for up to 7 days. The NOSA system may allow the AP to be implemented clinically without systemic anticoagulation, thus greatly reducing the intracranial hemorrhage risk for extremely low gestational age newborns. The NOSA system could potentially be applied to any form of extracorporeal life support to reduce or avoid systemic anticoagulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian P Fallon
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Orsolya Lautner-Csorba
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Terry C Major
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gergely Lautner
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen L Harvey
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark W Langley
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Matthew D Johnson
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Claudia Saveski
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niki Matusko
- Department of Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Raja Rabah
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Alvaro Rojas-Pena
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark E Meyerhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert H Bartlett
- Department of Surgery, ECLS Laboratory, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - George B Mychaliska
- Department of Surgery, Section of Pediatric Surgery, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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5
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Inatomi A, Nishinaka T, Umeki A, Tsukiya T, Katagiri N, Fujii M, Kobayashi F, Imaoka S, Tanaka S, Mizuno T, Murakami T. Feasibility study of an artificial placenta system consisting of a loop circuit configuration extracorporeal membrane oxygenation with a bridge circuit in the form of the umbilical arterial-venous connection. J Artif Organs 2023; 26:287-296. [PMID: 36227380 DOI: 10.1007/s10047-022-01370-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
We developed a new artificial placenta (AP) system consisting of a loop circuit configuration extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) with a bridge circuit designed to be applied to the fetus in the form of an umbilical arterial-venous connection. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the AP system by performing a hydrodynamic simulation using a mechanical mock circulation system and fetal animal experiment. The effect of the working condition of the AP system on the fetal hemodynamics was evaluated by hydrodynamic simulation using a mechanical mock circulation system, assuming the weight of the fetus to be 2 kg. The AP system was introduced to two fetal goats at a gestational age of 135 days. The general conditions of the experimental animals were evaluated. The mock simulation showed that in an AP system with ECMO in the form of an umbilical arterial-venous connection in series, it could be difficult to maintain fetal hemodynamics when high ECMO flow was applied. The developed AP system could have high ECMO flow with less umbilical blood flow; however, the possibility of excessive load on the fetal right-sided heart should be noted. In the animal experiment, kid 1 (1.9 kg) was maintained on the AP system for 12 days and allowed to grow to term. In kid 2 (1.6 kg), the AP system could not be established because of the occlusion of the system by a thrombus. The developed AP system was feasible under both in vitro and in vivo conditions. Improvements in the AP system and management of the general fetal conditions are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Inatomi
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan.
| | - Tomohiro Nishinaka
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan.
| | - Akihide Umeki
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Tomonori Tsukiya
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Nobumasa Katagiri
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Masahiko Fujii
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Futoshi Kobayashi
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Syusuke Imaoka
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Shun Tanaka
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Toshihide Mizuno
- Department of Artificial Organs, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, 6-1 Kishibe-Shinmachi, Suita, Osaka, 564-8565, Japan
| | - Takashi Murakami
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan
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Park H, Lee DH, You JH, Seok J, Lim JY, Kim GJ. Increased Hepatocyte Growth Factor Secretion by Placenta-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Ovarian Function in an Ovariectomized Rat Model via Vascular Remodeling by Wnt Signaling Activation. Cells 2023; 12:2708. [PMID: 38067136 PMCID: PMC10705748 DOI: 10.3390/cells12232708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular network contributes to the development of follicles. However, the therapeutic mechanism between vascular remodeling and ovarian functions is still unclear. Therefore, we demonstrated whether increased HGF by placenta-derived mesenchymal stem cells (PD-MSCs) improves ovarian function in an ovariectomized rat model via vascular remodeling by Wnt signaling activation. We established a half-ovariectomized rat model in which damaged ovaries were induced by ovariectomy of half of each ovary, and PD-MSCs (5 × 105 cells) were transplanted by intravenous injection. Three weeks after transplantation, rats in all groups were sacrificed. We examined the secretion of HGF by PD-MSCs through culture medium. The vascular structure in injured ovarian tissues was restored to a greater extent in the PD-MSC transplantation (Tx) group than in the nontransplantation (NTx) group (* p < 0.05). The expression of genes related to Wnt signaling (e.g., LRP6, GSK3β, β-catenin) was significantly increased in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). However, the expression of genes related to vascular permeability (e.g., Asef, ERG3) was significantly decreased in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). Follicular development was improved in the Tx group compared to the NTx group (* p < 0.05). Furthermore, to evaluate vascular function, we cocultivated PD-MSCs after human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and we analyzed the vascular formation assay and dextran assay in HUVECs. Cocultivation of PD-MSCs with injured HUVECs enhanced vascular formation and decreased endothelial cell permeability (* p < 0.05). Also, cocultivation of PD-MSCs with explanted ovarian tissues improved follicular maturation compared to cocultivation of the Wnt inhibitor-treated PD-MSCs with explanted ovarian tissues. Therefore, HGF secreted by PD-MSCs improved ovarian function in rats with ovarian dysfunction by decreasing vascular permeability via Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeri Park
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- PLABiologics Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13522, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Hyun Lee
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- PLABiologics Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13522, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun Hyeong You
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Yun Lim
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Science, Hyejeon College, Hongsung-gun 32244, Chungnam-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Gi Jin Kim
- Department of Bioinspired Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si 13488, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
- PLABiologics Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si 13522, Gyeonggi-do, Republic of Korea
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Reim PK, Engelbrechtsen L, Gybel-Brask D, Schnurr TM, Kelstrup L, Høgdall EV, Hansen T. The influence of insulin-related genetic variants on fetal growth, fetal blood flow, and placental weight in a prospective pregnancy cohort. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19638. [PMID: 37949941 PMCID: PMC10638310 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-46910-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The fetal insulin hypothesis proposes that low birthweight and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in adulthood may be two phenotypes of the same genotype. In this study we aimed to explore this theory further by testing the effects of GWAS-identified genetic variants related to insulin release and sensitivity on fetal growth and blood flow from week 20 of gestation to birth and on placental weight at birth. We calculated genetic risk scores (GRS) of first phase insulin release (FPIR), fasting insulin (FI), combined insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia (IR + DLD) and insulin sensitivity (IS) in a study population of 665 genotyped newborns. Two-dimensional ultrasound measurements with estimation of fetal weight and blood flow were carried out at week 20, 25, and 32 of gestation in all 665 pregnancies. Birthweight and placental weight were registered at birth. Associations between the GRSs and fetal growth, blood flow and placental weight were investigated using linear mixed models. The FPIR GRS was directly associated with fetal growth from week 20 to birth, and both the FI GRS, IR + DLD GRS, and IS GRS were associated with placental weight at birth. Our findings indicate that insulin-related genetic variants might primarily affect fetal growth via the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline K Reim
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, 8th Floor, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Line Engelbrechtsen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, 8th Floor, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Dorte Gybel-Brask
- Psycotherapeutic Outpatient Clinic, Department of Psychiatry, Ballerup Hospital, Ballerup, Denmark
| | - Theresia M Schnurr
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, 8th Floor, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louise Kelstrup
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Estrid V Høgdall
- Molecular Unit, Department of Pathology, Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Maersk Tower, Blegdamsvej 3B, 8th Floor, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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8
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Benagiano G, Mancuso S, Guo SW, Di Renzo GC. Events Leading to the Establishment of Pregnancy and Placental Formation: The Need to Fine-Tune the Nomenclature on Pregnancy and Gestation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15420. [PMID: 37895099 PMCID: PMC10607313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Today, there is strong and diversified evidence that in humans at least 50% of early embryos do not proceed beyond the pre-implantation period. This evidence comes from clinical investigations, demography, epidemiology, embryology, immunology, and molecular biology. The purpose of this article is to highlight the steps leading to the establishment of pregnancy and placenta formation. These early events document the existence of a clear distinction between embryonic losses during the first two weeks after conception and those occurring during the subsequent months. This review attempts to highlight the nature of the maternal-embryonic dialogue and the major mechanisms active during the pre-implantation period aimed at "selecting" embryos with the ability to proceed to the formation of the placenta and therefore to the completion of pregnancy. This intense molecular cross-talk between the early embryo and the endometrium starts even before the blastocyst reaches the uterine cavity, substantially initiating and conditioning the process of implantation and the formation of the placenta. Today, several factors involved in this dialogue have been identified, although the best-known and overall, the most important, still remains Chorionic Gonadotrophin, indispensable during the first 8 to 10 weeks after fertilization. In addition, there are other substances acting during the first days following fertilization, the Early Pregnancy Factor, believed to be involved in the suppression of the maternal response, thereby allowing the continued viability of the early embryo. The Pre-Implantation Factor, secreted between 2 and 4 days after fertilization. This linear peptide molecule exhibits a self-protective and antitoxic action, is present in maternal blood as early as 7 days after conception, and is absent in the presence of non-viable embryos. The Embryo-Derived Platelet-activating Factor, produced and released by embryos of all mammalian species studied seems to have a role in the ligand-mediated trophic support of the early embryo. The implantation process is also guided by signals from cells in the decidualized endometrium. Various types of cells are involved, among them epithelial, stromal, and trophoblastic, producing a number of cellular molecules, such as cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, and adhesion molecules. Immune cells are also involved, mainly uterine natural killer cells, macrophages, and T cells. In conclusion, events taking place during the first two weeks after fertilization determine whether pregnancy can proceed and therefore whether placenta's formation can proceed. These events represent the scientific basis for a clear distinction between the first two weeks following fertilization and the rest of gestation. For this reason, we propose that a new nomenclature be adopted specifically separating the two periods. In other words, the period from fertilization and birth should be named "gestation", whereas that from the completion of the process of implantation leading to the formation of the placenta, and birth should be named "pregnancy".
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Benagiano
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy;
- Geneva Foundation for Medical Education and Research, 1206 Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Salvatore Mancuso
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Sun-Wei Guo
- Research Institute, Shanghai Obstetrics & Gynecology Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200011, China;
| | - Gian Carlo Di Renzo
- Center for Perinatal and Reproductive Medicine, University of Perugia, 06156 Perugia, Italy
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, 119146 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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9
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Huppertz B. Placental physioxia is based on spatial and temporal variations of placental oxygenation throughout pregnancy. J Reprod Immunol 2023; 158:103985. [PMID: 37406413 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2023.103985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
For obvious reasons, in vivo measurements of placental oxygenation are extremely rare and hence, scientists need to focus on the few studies that revealed at least some data on the topic. The scarcity of real in vivo data resulted in the development of hypotheses on placental oxygenation that blocked an objective view on the topic for decades. Only now, new hypotheses are emerging adding new views and ideas on the topic. Especially in the field of preeclampsia, hypotheses on placental oxygenation have mislead a whole generation of scientists. This review article displays the available in vivo placental oxygen data from 8 to 40 weeks of gestation. It also compares these physiological oxygen concentrations, called physioxia, with the situation in pre-placental hypoxia, i.e. pregnancies at high altitude. Finally, it summarizes what we know today about oxygen measurements in cases with preeclampsia. In early-onset preeclampsia cases, all in vivo data available today point to increased oxygen values in the intervillous space of the placenta. This is due to a reduced oxygen transfer of the placental barrier from maternal to fetal blood, resulting in hypoxia of fetal blood and the fetus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Huppertz
- Division of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Gottfried Schatz Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Austria.
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10
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Yu M, Hu X, Pan Z, Du C, Jiang J, Zheng W, Cai H, Wang Y, Deng W, Wang H, Lu J, Sun MA, Cao B. Endogenous retrovirus-derived enhancers confer the transcriptional regulation of human trophoblast syncytialization. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:4745-4759. [PMID: 36864754 PMCID: PMC10250217 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) have been proposed as a driving force for the evolution of the mammalian placenta, however, the contribution of ERVs to placental development and the underlying regulatory mechanism remain largely elusive. A key process of placental development is the formation of multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts (STBs) in direct contact with maternal blood, through which constitutes the maternal-fetal interface critical for nutrient allocation, hormone production and immunological modulation during pregnancy. We delineate that ERVs profoundly rewire the transcriptional program of trophoblast syncytialization. Here, we first determined the dynamic landscape of bivalent ERV-derived enhancers with dual occupancy of H3K27ac and H3K9me3 in human trophoblast stem cells (hTSCs). We further demonstrated that enhancers overlapping several ERV families tend to exhibit increased H3K27ac and reduced H3K9me3 occupancy in STBs relative to hTSCs. Particularly, bivalent enhancers derived from the Simiiformes-specific MER50 transposons were linked to a cluster of genes important for STB formation. Importantly, deletions of MER50 elements adjacent to several STB genes, including MFSD2A and TNFAIP2, significantly attenuated their expression concomitant to compromised syncytium formation. Together, we propose that ERV-derived enhancers, MER50 specifically, fine-tune the transcriptional networks accounting for human trophoblast syncytialization, which sheds light on a novel ERV-mediated regulatory mechanism underlying placental development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Yu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
| | - Xiaoqian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
| | - Zihang Pan
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
| | - Cui Du
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu225009, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu225009, China
| | - Wanshan Zheng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
| | - Han Cai
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
| | - Yinan Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
| | - Wenbo Deng
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
| | - Haibin Wang
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
| | - Jinhua Lu
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
| | - Ming-an Sun
- Institute of Comparative Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonosis, Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Cao
- Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Reproductive Health Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Women and Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian361002, China
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11
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Song M, Xu P, Wang L, Liu J, Hou X. Hsa_circ_0001326 inhibited the proliferation, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells via miR-145-5p/TGFB2 axis. Am J Reprod Immunol 2023; 89:e13682. [PMID: 36670490 DOI: 10.1111/aji.13682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Preeclampsia (PE) is an obstetric disease involving multiple systems, which account for maternal and fetal complications and increased mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were recently deemed to associate with the pathogenesis of PE. This study aims to clarify the correlation between circRNA hsa_circ_0001326 and PE and explore its biological function in PE. METHOD OF STUDY The expression of hsa_circ_0001326 in PE placentas was detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). After overexpressing or inhibiting hsa_circ_0001326 in trophoblast cells, the cell growth, migration, and invasion were evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and transwell assays. Western blot assay was applied to detect the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) proteins, E-cadherin and Vimentin. Furthermore, a dual-luciferase reporter assay was applied to verify the binding sites of hsa_circ_0001326, miR-145-5p, and transforming growth factor beta 2 (TGFB2). RESULTS Hsa_circ_0001326 was found to be higher expressed in PE placentas than in normal placentas. Furthermore, hsa_circ_0001326 played a negative regulating role in trophoblast cell viability, migration, and invasion. Overexpression of hsa_circ_0001326 inhibited the viability, migration, and invasion of trophoblast cells, while inhibition of hsa_circ_0001326 showed opposite effects. Mechanistically, hsa_circ_0001326 sponged miR-145-5p to elevate TGFB2 expression in trophoblast cells. CONCLUSION This study provided evidence that the up-regulated hsa_circ_0001326 in PE restrained trophoblast cells proliferation, migration, and invasion by sponging miR-145-5p to elevate TGFB2 expression. Our results might provide a novel insight into the role of hsa_circ_0001326 in the pathogenesis of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyu Song
- Department of Obstetrics, Yantai Yantaishan Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Peng Xu
- Department of Nursing, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Obstetrics, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaofei Hou
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong, China
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12
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Arutyunyan A, Roberts K, Troulé K, Wong FCK, Sheridan MA, Kats I, Garcia-Alonso L, Velten B, Hoo R, Ruiz-Morales ER, Sancho-Serra C, Shilts J, Handfield LF, Marconato L, Tuck E, Gardner L, Mazzeo CI, Li Q, Kelava I, Wright GJ, Prigmore E, Teichmann SA, Bayraktar OA, Moffett A, Stegle O, Turco MY, Vento-Tormo R. Spatial multiomics map of trophoblast development in early pregnancy. Nature 2023; 616:143-151. [PMID: 36991123 PMCID: PMC10076224 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-05869-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between the human placenta-the extraembryonic organ made by the fetus, and the decidua-the mucosal layer of the uterus, is essential to nurture and protect the fetus during pregnancy. Extravillous trophoblast cells (EVTs) derived from placental villi infiltrate the decidua, transforming the maternal arteries into high-conductance vessels1. Defects in trophoblast invasion and arterial transformation established during early pregnancy underlie common pregnancy disorders such as pre-eclampsia2. Here we have generated a spatially resolved multiomics single-cell atlas of the entire human maternal-fetal interface including the myometrium, which enables us to resolve the full trajectory of trophoblast differentiation. We have used this cellular map to infer the possible transcription factors mediating EVT invasion and show that they are preserved in in vitro models of EVT differentiation from primary trophoblast organoids3,4 and trophoblast stem cells5. We define the transcriptomes of the final cell states of trophoblast invasion: placental bed giant cells (fused multinucleated EVTs) and endovascular EVTs (which form plugs inside the maternal arteries). We predict the cell-cell communication events contributing to trophoblast invasion and placental bed giant cell formation, and model the dual role of interstitial EVTs and endovascular EVTs in mediating arterial transformation during early pregnancy. Together, our data provide a comprehensive analysis of postimplantation trophoblast differentiation that can be used to inform the design of experimental models of the human placenta in early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Arutyunyan
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | - Megan A Sheridan
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ilia Kats
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Britta Velten
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Regina Hoo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | - Luca Marconato
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Lucy Gardner
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Qian Li
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Iva Kelava
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gavin J Wright
- Department of Biology, Hull York Medical School, York Biomedical Research Institute, University of York, York, UK
| | | | - Sarah A Teichmann
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Ashley Moffett
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Oliver Stegle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Division of Computational Genomics and Systems Genetics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Genome Biology Unit, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Margherita Y Turco
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Roser Vento-Tormo
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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13
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Sferruzzi‐Perri AN, Lopez‐Tello J, Salazar‐Petres E. Placental adaptations supporting fetal growth during normal and adverse gestational environments. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:371-397. [PMID: 36484327 PMCID: PMC10103877 DOI: 10.1113/ep090442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? How the placenta, which transports nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, may alter its support of fetal growth developmentally and with adverse gestational conditions. What advances does it highlight? Placental formation and function alter with the needs of the fetus for substrates for growth during normal gestation and when there is enhanced competition for substrates in species with multiple gestations or adverse gestational environments, and this is mediated by imprinted genes, signalling pathways, mitochondria and fetal sexomes. ABSTRACT The placenta is vital for mammalian development and a key determinant of life-long health. It is the interface between the mother and fetus and is responsible for transporting the nutrients and oxygen a fetus needs to develop and grow. Alterations in placental formation and function, therefore, have consequences for fetal growth and birthweight, which in turn determine perinatal survival and risk of non-communicable diseases for the offspring in later postnatal life. However, the placenta is not a static organ. As this review summarizes, research from multiple species has demonstrated that placental formation and function alter developmentally to the needs of the fetus for substrates for growth during normal gestation, as well as when there is greater competition for substrates in polytocous species and monotocous species with multiple gestations. The placenta also adapts in response to the gestational environment, integrating information about the ability of the mother to provide nutrients and oxygen with the needs of the fetus in that prevailing environment. In particular, placental structure (e.g. vascularity, surface area, blood flow, diffusion distance) and transport capacity (e.g. nutrient transporter levels and activity) respond to suboptimal gestational environments, namely malnutrition, obesity, hypoxia and maternal ageing. Mechanisms mediating developmentally and environmentally induced homeostatic responses of the placenta that help support normal fetal growth include imprinted genes, signalling pathways, subcellular constituents and fetal sexomes. Identification of these placental strategies may inform the development of therapies for complicated human pregnancies and advance understanding of the pathways underlying poor fetal outcomes and their consequences for health and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi‐Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jorge Lopez‐Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Esteban Salazar‐Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santo TomásValdiviaChile
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14
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Pino O, Di Pietro S, Poli D. Effect of Musical Stimulation on Placental Programming and Neurodevelopment Outcome of Preterm Infants: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:2718. [PMID: 36768104 PMCID: PMC9915377 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20032718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The fetal environment is modulated by the placenta, which integrates and transduces information from the maternal environment to the fetal developmental program and adapts rapidly to changes through epigenetic mechanisms that respond to internal (hereditary) and external (environmental and social) signals. Consequently, the fetus corrects the trajectory of own development. During the last trimester of gestation, plasticity shapes the fetal brain, and prematurity can alter the typical developmental trajectories. In this period, prevention through activity-inducing (e.g., music stimulation) interventions are currently tested. The purpose of this review is to describe the potentialities of music exposure on fetus, and on preterm newborns in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit evaluating its influence on neurobehavioral development. METHODS Databases were searched from 2010 to 2022 for studies investigating mechanisms of placental epigenetic regulation and effects of music exposure on the fetus and pre-term neonates. RESULTS In this case, 28 selected papers were distributed into three research lines: studies on placental epigenetic regulation (13 papers), experimental studies of music stimulation on fetus or newborns (6 papers), and clinical studies on premature babies (9 papers). Placental epigenetic changes of the genes involved in the cortisol and serotonin response resulted associated with different neurobehavioral phenotypes in newborns. Prenatal music stimulation had positive effects on fetus, newborn, and pregnant mother while post-natal exposure affected the neurodevelopment of the preterm infants and parental interaction. CONCLUSIONS The results testify the relevance of environmental stimuli for brain development during the pre- and perinatal periods and the beneficial effects of musical stimulation that can handle the fetal programming and the main neurobehavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olimpia Pino
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Sofia Di Pietro
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy
| | - Diana Poli
- INAIL Research, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Epidemiology and Hygiene Via Fontana Candida 1, 00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy
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15
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Carrasco-Wong I, González-Ortiz M, Araujo GG, Lima VV, Giachini FR, Stojanova J, Moller A, Martín SS, Escudero P, Damiano AE, Sosa-Macias M, Galaviz-Hernandez C, Teran E, Escudero C. The Placental Function Beyond Pregnancy: Insights from Latin America. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1428:287-307. [PMID: 37466779 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Currently, more than 100,000 papers had been published studying the placenta in both physiological and pathological contexts. However, relevant health conditions affecting placental function, mostly found in low-income countries, should be evaluated deeper. This review will raise some - of what we think necessary - points of discussion regarding challenging topics not fully understood, including the paternal versus maternal contribution on placental genes imprinting, placenta-brain communication, and some environmental conditions affecting the placenta. The discussions are parts of an international effort to fulfil some gaps observed in this area, and Latin-American research groups currently evaluate that.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Carrasco-Wong
- Cellular Signaling and Differentiation Laboratory (CSDL), School of Medical Technology, Medicine and Science Faculty, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marcelo González-Ortiz
- Laboratorio de Investigación Materno-Fetal (LIMaF), Departamento de Obstetricia y Ginecología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile
| | - Gabriel Gomes Araujo
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Victor V Lima
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda R Giachini
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Jana Stojanova
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Studies (CIESAL), Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Alejandra Moller
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Sebastián San Martín
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile
- Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Universidad de Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Chile
| | - Pablo Escudero
- Faculty of Medicine, Universidad San Sebastian, Sede Concepcion, Chile
| | - Alicia E Damiano
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto de Fisiología y Biofísica Bernardo Houssay (IFIBIO)- CONICET- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martha Sosa-Macias
- Genomics Academia, Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CIIDIR Durango, Durango, Mexico
| | | | - Enrique Teran
- Colegio de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Francisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (GRIVAS Health), Chillan, Chile.
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Basic Sciences Department, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad del Bio-Bio, Chillan, Chile.
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Dela Justina V, Dos Passos Júnior RR, Lima VV, Giachini FR. Evidence of Nitric Oxide Impairment During Hypertensive Pregnancies. Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1428:99-125. [PMID: 37466771 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32554-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy complicate up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, and they can be classified into (1) gestational hypertension, (2) preeclampsia, (3) chronic hypertension and (4) chronic hypertension with preeclampsia. Nitric oxide (NO) plays an essential role in the haemodynamic adaptations observed during pregnancy. It has been shown that the nitric oxide pathway's dysfunction during pregnancy is associated with placental- and vascular-related diseases such as hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. This review aims to present a brief definition of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and physiological maternal cardiovascular adaptations during pregnancy. We also detail how NO signalling is altered in the (a) systemic vasculature, (b) uterine artery/spiral arteries, (c) implantation and (d) placenta of hypertensive disorders during pregnancy. We conclude by summarizing the anti-hypertensive therapy of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy as a specific management strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Dela Justina
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo Rodrigues Dos Passos Júnior
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Victor Vitorino Lima
- Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Regina Giachini
- Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil
- Institute of Health Sciences and Health, Universidad Federal De Mato Grosso, Barra do Garcas, Brazil
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17
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Fan M, Dong L, Meng Y, Wang Y, Zhen J, Qiu J. Leptin Promotes HTR-8/SVneo Cell Invasion via the Crosstalk between MTA1/WNT and PI3K/AKT Pathways. Dis Markers 2022; 2022:7052176. [PMID: 36457544 PMCID: PMC9708374 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7052176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
The process of placental invasion is essential for a successful pregnancy. Leptin is involved in trophoblast invasiveness, and its dysregulation is connected with a series of diseases, including preeclampsia. However, the knowledge of the precise mechanisms in leptin-induced trophoblast invasiveness is still limited. According to the present research, transwell assay suggested that leptin is a dose- and time-dependent regulator in inducing HTR-8/SVneo cell invasion. Western blot analysis and immunofluorescence staining revealed that leptin-induced MMP9 expression is essential in the invasion process of HTR-8/SVneo cells. Mechanistically, we demonstrated that leptin activated β-catenin via the crosstalk between the MTA1/WNT and PI3K/AKT pathways. Besides, we showed that downregulating the key molecules in the signaling pathways by siRNA can inhibit leptin-induced MMP9 expression and further suppress invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells. In conclusion, our study revealed a new regulatory mechanism of leptin-induced HTR-8/SVneo cell invasiveness and will provide novel insights into the causes and potential therapeutic targets for diseases related to dysregulation of trophoblast invasion in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Fan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Lihua Dong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanping Meng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
| | - Junhui Zhen
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250021 Shandong, China
| | - Jianqing Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250033, China
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18
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Tsoutsouki J, Patel B, Comninos AN, Dhillo WS, Abbara A. Kisspeptin in the Prediction of Pregnancy Complications. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:942664. [PMID: 35928889 PMCID: PMC9344876 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.942664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kisspeptin and its receptor are central to reproductive health acting as key regulators of the reproductive endocrine axis in humans. Kisspeptin is most widely recognised as a regulator of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) neuronal function. However, recent evidence has demonstrated that kisspeptin and its receptor also play a fundamental role during pregnancy in the regulation of placentation. Kisspeptin is abundantly expressed in syncytiotrophoblasts, and its receptor in both cyto- and syncytio-trophoblasts. Circulating levels of kisspeptin rise dramatically during healthy pregnancy, which have been proposed as having potential as a biomarker of placental function. Indeed, alterations in kisspeptin levels are associated with an increased risk of adverse maternal and foetal complications. This review summarises data evaluating kisspeptin's role as a putative biomarker of pregnancy complications including miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy (EP), preterm birth (PTB), foetal growth restriction (FGR), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP), pre-eclampsia (PE), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Ali Abbara
- *Correspondence: Waljit S. Dhillo, ; Ali Abbara,
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19
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Mika K, Whittington CM, McAllan BM, Lynch VJ. Gene expression phylogenies and ancestral transcriptome reconstruction resolves major transitions in the origins of pregnancy. eLife 2022; 11:e74297. [PMID: 35770963 PMCID: PMC9275820 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural and physiological changes in the female reproductive system underlie the origins of pregnancy in multiple vertebrate lineages. In mammals, the glandular portion of the lower reproductive tract has transformed into a structure specialized for supporting fetal development. These specializations range from relatively simple maternal nutrient provisioning in egg-laying monotremes to an elaborate suite of traits that support intimate maternal-fetal interactions in Eutherians. Among these traits are the maternal decidua and fetal component of the placenta, but there is considerable uncertainty about how these structures evolved. Previously, we showed that changes in uterine gene expression contributes to several evolutionary innovations during the origins of pregnancy (Mika et al., 2021b). Here, we reconstruct the evolution of entire transcriptomes ('ancestral transcriptome reconstruction') and show that maternal gene expression profiles are correlated with degree of placental invasion. These results indicate that an epitheliochorial-like placenta evolved early in the mammalian stem-lineage and that the ancestor of Eutherians had a hemochorial placenta, and suggest maternal control of placental invasiveness. These data resolve major transitions in the evolution of pregnancy and indicate that ancestral transcriptome reconstruction can be used to study the function of ancestral cell, tissue, and organ systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn Mika
- Department of Human Genetics, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of ChicagoChicagoUnited States
| | | | | | - Vincent J Lynch
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, State University of New YorkBuffalo,NewyorkUnited States
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20
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Abstract
Newborn piglets have a high incidence of preweaning mortality that is not only associated with low birth weights but also with the presence of intra-uterine growth-restricted (IUGR) piglets. Such IUGR piglets are commonly seen in litters from hyperprolific sows as a result of insufficient placental transfer of nutrients. Nutritional strategies can be used prior to and during gestation to enhance foetal development and can also be implemented in the transition period to reduce the duration of farrowing and increase colostrum yield. Recent findings showed that the energy status of sows at the onset of farrowing is crucial to diminish stillbirth rate. Newborn piglets often fail to consume enough colostrum to promote thermostability and subsequent growth, and this is particularly problematic in very large litters when there are fewer available teats than the number of suckling piglets. One injection of 75 IU of oxytocin approximately 14 h after farrowing can prolong the colostral phase, hence increasing the supply of immunoglobulins to piglets. Nevertheless, assistance must be provided to piglets after birth in order to increase their chance of survival. Various approaches can be used, such as: (1) optimising the farrowing environment, (2) supervising farrowing and assisting newborn piglets, (3) using cross-fostering techniques, (4) providing nurse sows, and 5) providing artificial milk. Although research advances have been made in developing feeding and management strategies for sows that increase performance of their newborn piglets, much work still remains to be done to ensure that maximal outcomes are achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Farmer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Sherbrooke R & D Centre, 2000 College St., Sherbrooke, QC J1M 0C8, Canada.
| | - S A Edwards
- Newcastle University, School of Natural and Environmental Sciences, Agriculture Building, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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21
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Abstract
Prolactin, a pituitary hormone that was discovered about 80 years ago and is primarily known for its functions in mammary gland development and lactation, is now known to participate in numerous functions across different phylogenetic groups. Fundamentally known for its secretion from lactotroph cells in adenohypophysis region of pituitary gland, newer studies have demonstrated a number of extrapituitary sites which secrete prolactin, where it acts in an autocrine, paracrine, and endocrine manner to regulate essential physiological and biochemical processes. These sites include lymphocytes, epithelial cells of lactating mammary glands, breast cancer cells of epithelial origin, and the placenta. The placenta is one of the most important organs secreting prolactin; however, its role in placental biology has not to date been reviewed comprehensively. This review elaborates upon the various facets of prolactin hormone, including prolactin production and its post-translational modifications and signaling. Major emphasis is placed on placental prolactin and its potential roles, ranging from the role of prolactin in angiogenesis, preeclampsia, maternal diabetes, and anti-apoptosis, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenakshi Rana
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Department of Zoology, Dyal Singh College, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110003, India.
| | - Sidhant Jain
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Pooja Choubey
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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22
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Kang J, Koehler RC, Graham EM, Boctor EM. Photoacoustic assessment of the fetal brain and placenta as a method of non-invasive antepartum and intrapartum monitoring. Exp Neurol 2022; 347:113898. [PMID: 34662542 PMCID: PMC8756814 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2021.113898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A noninvasive monitor for concurrent evaluation of placental and fetal sagittal sinus sO 2 for both antepartum surveillance at the late 2nd and 3rd trimesters and intrapartum monitoring would be a great advantage over current methods. A PA fetal brain and placental monitor has potential value to rapidly identify the fetus at risk for developing hypoxia and ischemia of a sufficient degree that brain injury or death may develop, which may be prevented by intervention with delivery and other follow-up treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeun Kang
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Raymond C Koehler
- Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ernest M Graham
- Department of Gyn-Ob, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Neuroscience Intensive Care Nursery Program, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine; Baltimore, MD, United States of America.
| | - Emad M Boctor
- Laboratory for Computational Sensing and Robotics, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Abstract
For a long time, Apelin has been considered as the only endogenous ligand of G protein-coupled receptor APJ. Until recently, the discovery of Elabela (Apela/Toddler) as a new polypeptide that can act through APJ and has a similar function to Apelin broke this situation. Elabela promotes a variety of cell proliferation processes, including embryonic development, and has especially beneficial effects in the cardiovascular system. In this review, we summarize the biological functions of Elabela and review its specific roles in cardiovascular diseases and the signaling pathways mediated by it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Zhou
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250014, China
| | - Yinan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong Province, 250001, China.
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Deval G, Boland S, Fournier T, Ferecatu I. On Placental Toxicology Studies and Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212266. [PMID: 34830142 PMCID: PMC8624015 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The human placenta is a transient organ essential for pregnancy maintenance, fetal development and growth. It has several functions, including that of a selective barrier against pathogens and xenobiotics from maternal blood. However, some pollutants can accumulate in the placenta or pass through with possible repercussions on pregnancy outcomes. Cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2 NPs), also termed nanoceria, are an emerging pollutant whose impact on pregnancy is starting to be defined. CeO2 NPs are already used in different fields for industrial and commercial applications and have even been proposed for some biomedical applications. Since 2010, nanoceria have been subject to priority monitoring by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development in order to assess their toxicity. This review aims to summarize the current methods and models used for toxicology studies on the placental barrier, from the basic ones to the very latest, as well as to overview the most recent knowledge of the impact of CeO2 NPs on human health, and more specifically during the sensitive window of pregnancy. Further research is needed to highlight the relationship between environmental exposure to CeO2 and placental dysfunction with its implications for pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Deval
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France; (G.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Sonja Boland
- Université de Paris, BFA, UMR 8251, CNRS, F-75013 Paris, France;
| | - Thierry Fournier
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France; (G.D.); (T.F.)
| | - Ioana Ferecatu
- Université de Paris, Inserm, UMR-S 1139, 3PHM, Faculté de Pharmacie, 75006 Paris, France; (G.D.); (T.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-1-5373-9605
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Hirata Y, Shimazaki S, Suzuki S, Henmi Y, Komiyama H, Kuwayama T, Iwata H, Karasawa T, Takahashi M, Takahashi H, Shirasuna K. β-hydroxybutyrate suppresses NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated placental inflammation and lipopolysaccharide-induced fetal absorption. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103433. [PMID: 34628106 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The immune system contributes to the regulation of pregnancy, and the disruption of well-controlled immune functions leads to pregnancy complications. Recently, the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain, leucine-rich repeat-, and pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome mechanisms [(a protein complex of NLRP3, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC), and caspase-1)] have been reported to play roles in controlling placental inflammation involved in pregnancy pathologies. The ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) can suppress NLRP3 inflammasome activation and improve various inflammatory diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that BHB could suppress activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome in the placenta, resulting in the improvement of pregnancy complications. In human placental tissue culture, treatment with BHB suppressed the secretion levels of inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and IL-8, but did not affect the mRNA expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome-associated factors. Treatment with BHB reduced IL-1β secretion and the amount of mature IL-1β protein induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation in the placenta. In human trophoblast cells, BHB reduced ASC and activated-caspase-1 expression, resulting in the inhibition of IL-1β secretion. To investigate the effect of BHB during pregnancy, we used an animal model of LPS (100 μg/kg intraperitoneally [i.p.] on gestational day 14)-induced pregnancy complications. Administration of BHB (100 mg/kg i.p.) clearly suppressed the absorption rate and IL-1β production in the placenta induced by LPS in pregnant mice. Moreover, LPS-induced pregnancy abnormalities were improved in NLRP3-deficient mice. These findings suggest that BHB play a role in reducing placental inflammation and pregnancy complications via inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Hirata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Sayaka Shimazaki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Sae Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Yuka Henmi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Hiromu Komiyama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Takehito Kuwayama
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Hisataka Iwata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Karasawa
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Masafumi Takahashi
- Division of Inflammation Research, Center for Molecular Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Hironori Takahashi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jichi Medical University, Shimotsuke, Tochigi 329-0498, Japan
| | - Koumei Shirasuna
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Department of Animal Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Atsugi, Kanagawa 243-0034, Japan.
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Mao J, Kinkade JA, Bivens NJ, Roberts RM, Rosenfeld CS. Placental Changes in the serotonin transporter (Slc6a4) knockout mouse suggest a role for serotonin in controlling nutrient acquisition. Placenta 2021; 115:158-168. [PMID: 34649169 PMCID: PMC8585720 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mouse placenta accumulates and possibly produces serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine; 5-HT) in parietal trophoblast giant cells (pTGC) located at the interface between the placenta and maternal deciduum. However, the roles of 5-HT in placental function are unclear. This lack of information is unfortunate, given that selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors are commonly used to combat depression in pregnant women. The high affinity 5-HT transporter SLC6A4 (also known as SERT) is the target of such drugs and likely controls much of 5-HT uptake into pTGC and other placental cells. We hypothesized that ablation of the Slc6a4 gene would result in morphological changes correlated with placental gene expression changes, especially for those involved in nutrient acquisition and metabolism, and thereby, provide insights into 5-HT placental function. METHODS Placentas were collected at embryonic age (E) 12.5 from Slc6a4 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) conceptuses. Histological analyses, RNAseq, qPCR, and integrative correlation analyses were performed. RESULTS Slc6a4 KO placentas had a considerable increased pTGC to spongiotrophoblast area ratio relative to WT placentas and significantly elevated expression of genes associated with intestinal functions, including nutrient sensing, uptake, and catabolism, and blood clotting. Integrative correlation analyses revealed upregulation of many of these genes was correlated with pTGC layer expansion. One other key gene was dopa decarboxylase (Ddc), which catalyzes conversion of L-5-hydroxytryptophan to 5-HT. DISCUSSION Our studies possibly suggest a new paradigm relating to how 5-HT operates in the placenta, namely as a factor regulating metabolic functions and blood coagulation. We further suggest that pTGC might be functional analogs of enterochromaffin 5-HT-positive cells of the intestinal mucosa, which regulate similar activities within the gut. Further work, including proteomics and metabolomic studies, are needed to buttress our hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiude Mao
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Jessica A Kinkade
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Nathan J Bivens
- Genomics Technology Core, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - R Michael Roberts
- Christopher S Bond Life Sciences Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Animal Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Biochemistry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Cheryl S Rosenfeld
- Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; MU Institute for Data Science and Informatics, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Thompson Center for Autism and Neurobehavioral Disorders, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA; Genetics Area Program, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Lee YSL, Gardner DK. Early cleaving embryos result in blastocysts with increased aspartate and glucose consumption, which exhibit different metabolic gene expression that persists in placental and fetal tissues. J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:3099-3111. [PMID: 34705191 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02341-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Using time-lapse microscopy, previous research has shown that IVF mouse embryos that cleave earlier at the first division ('fast') develop into blastocysts with increased glucose consumption and lower likelihood of post-implantation loss as compared to slower cleaving embryos ('slow'). Further, metabolomics analysis employing LC-MS conducted on groups of 'fast' blastocysts revealed that more aspartate was consumed. With the worldwide adoption of single blastocyst transfer as the standard of care, the need for quantifiable biomarkers of viability, such as metabolism of specific nutrients, would greatly assist in embryo selection for transfer. METHODS Here we describe the development of a targeted enzymatic assay to quantitate aspartate uptake of single blastocysts. RESULTS Results demonstrate that the rates of aspartate and glucose consumption were significantly higher in individual 'fast' blastocysts. Blastocysts, together with placental and fetal liver tissue collected following transfer, were analysed for the expression of genes involved in aspartate and carbohydrate metabolism. In 'fast' blastocysts, expressions of B3gnt5, Slc2a1, Slc2a3, Got1 and Pkm2 were found to be significantly higher. In placental tissue derived from 'fast' blastocysts, expression of Slc2a1, Got1 and Pkm2 were significantly higher, while levels of Got1 and Pkm2 were lower in fetal liver tissue compared to tissue from 'slow' blastocysts. CONCLUSIONS Importantly, this study shows that genes regulating aspartate and glucose metabolism were increased in blastocysts that have higher viability, with differences maintained in resultant placentae and fetuses. Consequently, the analysis of aspartate uptake in combination with glucose represents biomarkers of development and may improve embryo selection efficacy and pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S L Lee
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia
| | - D K Gardner
- Melbourne IVF, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
- School of Biosciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3010, Australia.
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Bakhmet EI, Tomilin AN. Key features of the POU transcription factor Oct4 from an evolutionary perspective. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:7339-7353. [PMID: 34698883 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03975-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Oct4, a class V POU-domain protein that is encoded by the Pou5f1 gene, is thought to be a key transcription factor in the early development of mammals. This transcription factor plays indispensable roles in pluripotent stem cells as well as in the acquisition of pluripotency during somatic cell reprogramming. Oct4 has also been shown to play a role as a pioneer transcription factor during zygotic genome activation (ZGA) from zebrafish to human. However, during the past decade, several studies have brought these conclusions into question. It was clearly shown that the first steps in mouse development are not affected by the loss of Oct4. Subsequently, the role of Oct4 as a genome activator was brought into doubt. It was also found that the reprogramming of somatic cells into induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) could proceed without Oct4. In this review, we summarize recent findings, reassess the role of Oct4 in reprogramming and ZGA, and point to structural features that may underlie this role. We speculate that pluripotent stem cells resemble neural stem cells more closely than previously thought. Oct4 orthologs within the POUV class hold key roles in genome activation during early development of species with late ZGA. However, in Placentalia, eutherian-specific proteins such as Dux overtake Oct4 in ZGA and endow them with the formation of an evolutionary new tissue-the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeny I Bakhmet
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - Alexey N Tomilin
- Laboratory of the Molecular Biology of Stem Cells, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
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29
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Abstract
Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine that classically acts to support the development, maintenance, and function of killer lymphocytes. IL-15 is abundant in the uterus prior to and during pregnancy, but it is subject to tight spatial and temporal regulation. Both mouse models and human studies suggest that homeostasis of IL-15 is essential for healthy pregnancy. Dysregulation of IL-15 is associated with adverse outcomes of pregnancy. Herein, we review producers of IL-15 and responders to IL-15, including non-traditional responders in the maternal uterus and fetal placenta. We also review regulation of IL-15 at the maternal-fetal interface and propose mechanisms of action of IL-15 to facilitate additional study of this critical cytokine in the context of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Gordon
- Division of Neonatology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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30
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Begum A, Mishra A, Das CR, Das S, Dutta R, Kashyap N, Bose PD, Bose S. Impact of TNF-α profile in recurrent pregnancy loss pathogenesis: A patient based study from Assam. J Reprod Immunol 2021; 148:103430. [PMID: 34619412 DOI: 10.1016/j.jri.2021.103430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lacunae exist in understanding the underlying etiology in majority of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cases. Given the significance of regulated immune-modulation in pregnancy, and the central role of pro-inflammatory TNF-α plays in it; this study targeted to appraise the significance of TNF-α profile in RPL pathogenesis in an ethnically distinct population from Assam, India. METHODS Term delivery, medically terminated pregnancy (MTP) and RPL cases (based on ASRM criteria) were enrolled with no anatomical and chromosomal abnormalities or pathological infections; and blood and/or placenta/product of conceptus (POC) tissue samples were collected with informed consent. Serum level and tissue level TNF-α expression profile were screened using specific molecular tools, and was correlated with TNF-α -308 G/A genotype; for its association with RPL predisposition. RESULTS A significant gestation specific increase in serum TNF-α levels was observed in MTP cases (19.932 ± 4.407 pg/mL) compared to term delivery subjects (p = 0.001), while a comparable levels were observed with RPL cases (22.709 ± 5.833 pg/mL) (p = 0.646). A site specific (POC) increased expression was observed in RPL compared to MTP cases at both at transcript (6.37 ± 3.714 folds) and protein levels. The TNF-α -308 variant genotype was associated with increased predisposition to RPL (OR = 1.721) compared to MTP as well as significantly increased serum TNF-α levels (p = 0.017); especially in subjects with a homozygous TNF-α -308 A/A genotype. CONCLUSION Our data emphasizes on the importance of site specific TNF-α expression levels in RPL pathogenesis in the studied population, and underlines its importance in screening, clinical stratification, and therapeutics by molecular targeting using TNF-α inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjuma Begum
- Dept of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Archana Mishra
- Dept of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Chandana Ray Das
- Gauhati Medical College Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, 781032, India
| | - Somdatta Das
- Dept of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India
| | - Ratul Dutta
- Down Town Hospital, Guwahati, Assam, 781006, India
| | - Natasha Kashyap
- Department of MBBT, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Purabi Deka Bose
- Department of MBBT, Cotton University, Guwahati, Assam, 781001, India
| | - Sujoy Bose
- Dept of Biotechnology, Gauhati University, Guwahati, Assam, 781014, India.
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31
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Bucher M, Kadam L, Ahuna K, Myatt L. Differences in Glycolysis and Mitochondrial Respiration between Cytotrophoblast and Syncytiotrophoblast In-Vitro: Evidence for Sexual Dimorphism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910875. [PMID: 34639216 PMCID: PMC8509198 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
In the placenta the proliferative cytotrophoblast cells fuse into the terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblast layer which undertakes several energy-intensive functions including nutrient uptake and transfer and hormone synthesis. We used Seahorse glycolytic and mitochondrial stress tests on trophoblast cells isolated at term from women of healthy weight to evaluate if cytotrophoblast (CT) and syncytiotrophoblast (ST) have different bioenergetic strategies, given their different functions. Whereas there are no differences in basal glycolysis, CT have significantly greater glycolytic capacity and reserve than ST. In contrast, ST have significantly higher basal, ATP-coupled and maximal mitochondrial respiration and spare capacity than CT. Consequently, under stress conditions CT can increase energy generation via its higher glycolytic capacity whereas ST can use its higher and more efficient mitochondrial respiration capacity. We have previously shown that with adverse in utero conditions of diabetes and obesity trophoblast respiration is sexually dimorphic. We found no differences in glycolytic parameters between sexes and no difference in mitochondrial respiration parameters other than increases seen upon syncytialization appear to be greater in females. There were differences in metabolic flexibility, i.e., the ability to use glucose, glutamine, or fatty acids, seen upon syncytialization between the sexes with increased flexibility in female trophoblast suggesting a better ability to adapt to changes in nutrient supply.
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León J, Acurio J, Bergman L, López J, Karin Wikström A, Torres-Vergara P, Troncoso F, Castro FO, Vatish M, Escudero C. Disruption of the Blood-Brain Barrier by Extracellular Vesicles From Preeclampsia Plasma and Hypoxic Placentae: Attenuation by Magnesium Sulfate. Hypertension 2021; 78:1423-1433. [PMID: 34601964 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- José León
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (J. Leon, J.A., J. Lopez, F.T., C.E.)
- Escuela de Enfermería, Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Los Ángeles, Chile (J. Leon,.)
| | - Jesenia Acurio
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (J. Leon, J.A., J. Lopez, F.T., C.E.)
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health), Chillan, Chile (J.A., F.T., C.E., P.T.-V.)
| | - Lina Bergman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.B., A.K.W.)
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Sweden (L.B.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stellenbosch University, South Africa (L.B.)
| | - Juán López
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (J. Leon, J.A., J. Lopez, F.T., C.E.)
| | - Anna Karin Wikström
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Sweden (L.B., A.K.W.)
| | - Pablo Torres-Vergara
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health), Chillan, Chile (J.A., F.T., C.E., P.T.-V.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Concepción, Chile (P.T.-V.)
| | - Felipe Troncoso
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (J. Leon, J.A., J. Lopez, F.T., C.E.)
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health), Chillan, Chile (J.A., F.T., C.E., P.T.-V.)
| | - Fidel Ovidio Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad de Concepcion, Chillan, Chile (F.O.C.)
| | - Manu Vatish
- Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health. University of Oxford, Women's Centre, John Radcliffe Hospital, United Kingdom (M.V.)
| | - Carlos Escudero
- Vascular Physiology Laboratory, Department of Basic Sciences, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile (J. Leon, J.A., J. Lopez, F.T., C.E.)
- Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health (Group of Research and Innovation in Vascular Health), Chillan, Chile (J.A., F.T., C.E., P.T.-V.)
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Forstner D, Guettler J, Gauster M. Changes in Maternal Platelet Physiology during Gestation and Their Interaction with Trophoblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910732. [PMID: 34639070 PMCID: PMC8509324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon activation, maternal platelets provide a source of proinflammatory mediators in the intervillous space of the placenta. Therefore, platelet-derived factors may interfere with different trophoblast subtypes of the developing human placenta and might cause altered hormone secretion and placental dysfunction later on in pregnancy. Increased platelet activation, and the subsequent occurrence of placental fibrinoid deposition, are linked to placenta pathologies such as preeclampsia. The composition and release of platelet-derived factors change over gestation and provide a potential source of predicting biomarkers for the developing fetus and the mother. This review indicates possible mechanisms of platelet-trophoblast interactions and discusses the effect of increased platelet activation on placenta development.
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Abstract
The female reproductive tract is a highly complex physiological system that consists of the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina. An enhanced understanding of the molecular, cellular, and genetic mechanisms of the tract will allow for the development of more effective assisted reproductive technologies, therapeutics, and screening strategies for female specific disorders. Traditional 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional static culture systems may not always reflect the cellular and physical contexts or physicochemical microenvironment necessary to understand the dynamic exchange that is crucial for the functioning of the reproductive system. Microfluidic systems present a unique opportunity to study the female reproductive tract, as these systems recapitulate the multicellular architecture, contacts between different tissues, and microenvironmental cues that largely influence cell structure, function, behavior, and growth. This review discusses examples, challenges, and benefits of using microfluidic systems to model ovaries, fallopian tubes, endometrium, and placenta. Additionally, this review also briefly discusses the use of these systems in studying the effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals and diseases such as ovarian cancer, preeclampsia, and polycystic ovarian syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vedant V Bodke
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Illinois at Chicago 60607, USA
- Correspondence: Joanna E. Burdette, PhD, University of Illinois at Chicago, 900 S. Ashland Ave, Chicago, IL 60607, USA.
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Vacher CM, Lacaille H, O'Reilly JJ, Salzbank J, Bakalar D, Sebaoui S, Liere P, Clarkson-Paredes C, Sasaki T, Sathyanesan A, Kratimenos P, Ellegood J, Lerch JP, Imamura Y, Popratiloff A, Hashimoto-Torii K, Gallo V, Schumacher M, Penn AA. Placental endocrine function shapes cerebellar development and social behavior. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1392-1401. [PMID: 34400844 PMCID: PMC8481124 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00896-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Compromised placental function or premature loss has been linked to diverse neurodevelopmental disorders. Here we show that placenta allopregnanolone (ALLO), a progesterone-derived GABA-A receptor (GABAAR) modulator, reduction alters neurodevelopment in a sex-linked manner. A new conditional mouse model, in which the gene encoding ALLO's synthetic enzyme (akr1c14) is specifically deleted in trophoblasts, directly demonstrated that placental ALLO insufficiency led to cerebellar white matter abnormalities that correlated with autistic-like behavior only in male offspring. A single injection of ALLO or muscimol, a GABAAR agonist, during late gestation abolished these alterations. Comparison of male and female human preterm infant cerebellum also showed sex-linked myelination marker alteration, suggesting similarities between mouse placental ALLO insufficiency and human preterm brain development. This study reveals a new role for a placental hormone in shaping brain regions and behaviors in a sex-linked manner. Placental hormone replacement might offer novel therapeutic opportunities to prevent later neurobehavioral disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Marie Vacher
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Helene Lacaille
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jiaqi J O'Reilly
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Salzbank
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA
| | - Dana Bakalar
- National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sonia Sebaoui
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Philippe Liere
- U1195 INSERM, Paris-Saclay University, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre Cedex, France
| | | | - Toru Sasaki
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Aaron Sathyanesan
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Panagiotis Kratimenos
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pediatrics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacob Ellegood
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jason P Lerch
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging (WIN), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuka Imamura
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Anastas Popratiloff
- The George Washington University, Nanofabrication and Imaging Center, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University, SMHS, Anatomy & Cell Biology, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kazue Hashimoto-Torii
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pediatrics, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Vittorio Gallo
- Center for Neuroscience Research, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pediatrics, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Anna A Penn
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York-Presbyterian Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
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Hardy DB, Mu X, Marchiori KS, Mottola MF. Exercise in Pregnancy Increases Placental Angiogenin without Changes in Oxidative or Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:1846-1854. [PMID: 33756523 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite immense research highlighting maternal-fetal benefits of exercise during pregnancy, there remain concerns that exercise may undermine placental function. Although maternal exercise has demonstrated favorable aerobic conditioning responses in the mother, it is not known whether maternal exercise promotes increased angiogenesis in the placenta, perhaps at the expense of impaired endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis and/or oxidative stress. We investigated if a mild (30% heart rate reserve) and/or moderate (70% heart rate reserve) exercise regime in healthy pregnant women affected placental markers of angiogenesis, ER stress, and oxidative stress. We hypothesized that the improved aerobic conditioning of mothers who exercise is beneficial to enhance placental angiogenesis and normal maternal-fetal outcomes. METHODS Placental tissues were collected within 1 h of delivery from a convenience sample of 29 healthy mothers of full-term infants. Twenty-one women participated in routine exercise from midgestation (16-20 wk) until term of either mild or moderate intensity, whereas eight sedentary women served as controls. RESULTS No differences were identified between groups including gestational length, fetal-placental weight ratio, or APGAR scoring. All exercisers exhibited a significant 20-fold increase in the mRNA (as assessed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction) and a 10-fold increase in the protein expression of angiogenin (e.g., ANG1) in the placenta. However, in both exercising groups, no increases in placental markers (i.e., HIF1α, VEGF), ER stress (i.e., spliced XBP1, ATF4, ATF6, CHOP, and BAX), or oxidative stress (i.e., SOD1, SOD2) were observed. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study suggests that mild- and moderate-intensity exercise increases angiogenesis but does not increase placental oxidative or ER stress in healthy pregnancies, bolstering support for routine exercise as a part of standard care in pregnant women. Future studies are warranted to investigate the potential benefits of exercise on ANG1 in pathological pregnancies.
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Pepe GJ, Albrecht ED. Novel Technologies for Target Delivery of Therapeutics to the Placenta during Pregnancy: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:1255. [PMID: 34440429 PMCID: PMC8392549 DOI: 10.3390/genes12081255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Revised: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Uterine spiral artery remodeling is essential for placental perfusion and fetal growth and, when impaired, results in placental ischemia and pregnancy complications, e.g., fetal growth restriction, preeclampsia, premature birth. Despite the high incidence of adverse pregnancies, current treatment options are limited. Accordingly, research has shifted to the development of gene therapy technologies that provide targeted delivery of "payloads" to the placenta while limiting maternal and fetal exposure. This review describes the current strategies, including placental targeting peptide-bound liposomes, nanoparticle or adenovirus constructs decorated with specific peptide sequences and placental gene promoters delivered via maternal IV injection, directly into the placenta or the uterine artery, as well as noninvasive site-selective targeting of regulating genes conjugated with microbubbles via contrast-enhanced ultrasound. The review also provides a perspective on the effectiveness of these technologies in various animal models and their practicability and potential use for targeted placental delivery of therapeutics and genes in adverse human pregnancies affected by placental dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerald J. Pepe
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA;
| | - Eugene D. Albrecht
- Departments of Obstetrics/Gynecology/Reproductive Sciences and Physiology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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Scaife PJ, Simpson A, Kurlak LO, Briggs LV, Gardner DS, Broughton Pipkin F, Jones CJP, Mistry HD. Increased Placental Cell Senescence and Oxidative Stress in Women with Pre-Eclampsia and Normotensive Post-Term Pregnancies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:7295. [PMID: 34298913 PMCID: PMC8303298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Up to 11% of pregnancies extend to post-term with adverse obstetric events linked to pregnancies over 42 weeks. Oxidative stress and senescence (cells stop growing and dividing by irreversibly arresting their cell cycle and gradually ageing) can result in diminished cell function. There are no detailed studies of placental cell senescence markers across a range of gestational ages, although increased levels have been linked to pre-eclampsia before full term. This study aimed to determine placental senescence and oxidative markers across a range of gestational ages in women with uncomplicated pregnancies and those with a diagnosis of pre-eclampsia. Placentae were obtained from 37 women with uncomplicated pregnancies of 37-42 weeks and from 13 cases of pre-eclampsia of 31+2-41+2 weeks. The expression of markers of senescence, oxidative stress, and antioxidant defence (tumour suppressor protein p16INK4a, kinase inhibitor p21, interleukin-6 (IL-6), NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4), glutathione peroxidases 1, 3, and 4 (GPx1, GPx3, and GPx4), placental growth factor (PlGF), and soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1)) genes was measured (quantitative real-time PCR). Protein abundance of p16INK4a, IL-6, NOX4, 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxy-guanosine (8-OHdG), and PlGF was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Placental NOX4 protein was higher in post-term than term deliveries and further increased by pre-eclampsia (p < 0.05 for all). P21 expression was higher in post-term placentae (p = 0.012) and in pre-eclampsia (p = 0.04), compared to term. Placental P16INK4a protein expression was increased post-term, compared to term (p = 0.01). In normotensive women, gestational age at delivery was negatively associated with GPx4 and PlGF (mRNA and protein) (p < 0.05 for all), whereas a positive correlation was seen with placental P21, NOX4, and P16INK4a (p < 0.05 for all) expression. Markers of placental oxidative stress and senescence appear to increase as gestational age increases, with antioxidant defences diminishing concomitantly. These observations increase our understanding of placental health and may contribute to assessment of the optimal gestational age for delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula J. Scaife
- Clinical, Metabolic and Molecular Physiology Research Group, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - Amy Simpson
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.S.); (F.B.P.)
| | - Lesia O. Kurlak
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.O.K.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Louise V. Briggs
- School of Engineering, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK;
| | - David S. Gardner
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (L.O.K.); (D.S.G.)
| | - Fiona Broughton Pipkin
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2RD, UK; (A.S.); (F.B.P.)
| | - Carolyn J. P. Jones
- Maternal & Fetal Health Research Centre, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK;
| | - Hiten D. Mistry
- Department of Women and Children’s Health, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London SE5 9NU, UK
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph F Costello
- From the Brain Tumor Center, the Department of Neurological Surgery, and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.F.C.), and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, the Center for Reproductive Sciences, the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and the Department of Anatomy (S.J.F.) - all at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
| | - Susan J Fisher
- From the Brain Tumor Center, the Department of Neurological Surgery, and the Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center (J.F.C.), and the Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine and Stem Cell Research, the Center for Reproductive Sciences, the Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, the Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, and the Department of Anatomy (S.J.F.) - all at the University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco
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Abstract
The uterus is the organ for embryo implantation and fetal development. Most current models of the uterus are centred around capturing its function during later stages of pregnancy to increase the survival in pre-term births. However, in vitro models focusing on the uterine tissue itself would allow modelling of pathologies including endometriosis and uterine cancers, and open new avenues to investigate embryo implantation and human development. Motivated by these key questions, we discuss how stem cell-based uteri may be engineered from constituent cell parts, either as advanced self-organising cultures, or by controlled assembly through microfluidic and print-based technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Bergmann
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Magdalena Schindler
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Clara Munger
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christopher A Penfold
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust - Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, Henry Wellcome Building of Cancer and Developmental Biology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Thorsten E Boroviak
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
- Wellcome Trust - Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Jeffrey Cheah Biomedical Centre, Cambridge, UK.
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Meakin AS, Cuffe JSM, Darby JRT, Morrison JL, Clifton VL. Let's Talk about Placental Sex, Baby: Understanding Mechanisms That Drive Female- and Male-Specific Fetal Growth and Developmental Outcomes. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126386. [PMID: 34203717 PMCID: PMC8232290 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
It is well understood that sex differences exist between females and males even before they are born. These sex-dependent differences may contribute to altered growth and developmental outcomes for the fetus. Based on our initial observations in the human placenta, we hypothesised that the male prioritises growth pathways in order to maximise growth through to adulthood, thereby ensuring the greatest chance of reproductive success. However, this male-specific “evolutionary advantage” likely contributes to males being less adaptable to shifts in the in-utero environment, which then places them at a greater risk for intrauterine morbidities or mortality. Comparatively, females are more adaptable to changes in the in-utero environment at the cost of growth, which may reduce their risk of poor perinatal outcomes. The mechanisms that drive these sex-specific adaptations to a change in the in-utero environment remain unclear, but an increasing body of evidence within the field of developmental biology would suggest that alterations to placental function, as well as the feto-placental hormonal milieu, is an important contributing factor. Herein, we have addressed the current knowledge regarding sex-specific intrauterine growth differences and have examined how certain pregnancy complications may alter these female- and male-specific adaptations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley S. Meakin
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.S.M.); (J.R.T.D.); (J.L.M.)
| | - James S. M. Cuffe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Jack R. T. Darby
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.S.M.); (J.R.T.D.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, UniSA: Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA 5000, Australia; (A.S.M.); (J.R.T.D.); (J.L.M.)
| | - Vicki L. Clifton
- Mater Medical Research Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4000, Australia
- Correspondence:
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Zaga-Clavellina V, Diaz L, Olmos-Ortiz A, Godínez-Rubí M, Rojas-Mayorquín AE, Ortuño-Sahagún D. Central role of the placenta during viral infection: Immuno-competences and miRNA defensive responses. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:166182. [PMID: 34058350 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2021.166182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy is a unique immunological condition in which an "immune-diplomatic" dialogue between trophoblasts and maternal immune cells is established to protect the fetus from rejection, to create a privileged environment in the uterus and to simultaneously be alert to any infectious challenge. The maternal-placental-fetal interface (MPFI) performs an essential role in this immunological defense. In this review, we will address the MPFI as an active immuno-mechanical barrier that protects against viral infections. We will describe the main viral infections affecting the placenta and trophoblasts and present their structure, mechanisms of immunocompetence and defensive responses to viral infections in pregnancy. In particular, we will analyze infection routes in the placenta and trophoblasts and the maternal-fetal outcomes in both. Finally, we will focus on the cellular targets of the antiviral microRNAs from the C19MC cluster, and their effects at both the intra- and extracellular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verónica Zaga-Clavellina
- Departamento de Fisiología y Desarrollo Celular, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología Isidro Espinosa de los Reyes (INPer), Ciudad de México C.P. 11000, Mexico
| | - Lorenza Diaz
- Departamento de Biología de la Reproducción, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México C.P. 14080, Mexico
| | - Andrea Olmos-Ortiz
- Departamento de Inmunobioquímica, INPer, Ciudad de México C.P. 11000, Mexico
| | - Marisol Godínez-Rubí
- Laboratorio de Investigación en Patología, Departamento de Microbiología y Patología, CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico
| | - Argelia E Rojas-Mayorquín
- Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Guadalajara, Centro Universitario de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias, Guadalajara 45200, Mexico
| | - Daniel Ortuño-Sahagún
- Laboratorio de Neuroinmunobiología Molecular, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Biomédicas (IICB) CUCS, Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco 44340, Mexico.
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Andersson-Hall U, Svedin P, Mallard C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Holmäng A. Growth differentiation factor 15 increases in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum during pregnancy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248980. [PMID: 34043633 PMCID: PMC8158880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) increases in serum during pregnancy to levels not seen in any other physiological state and is suggested to be involved in pregnancy-induced nausea, weight regulation and glucose metabolism. The main action of GDF15 is regulated through a receptor of the brainstem, i.e., through exposure of GDF15 in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of the current study was to measure GDF15 in both CSF and serum during pregnancy, and to compare it longitudinally to non-pregnant levels. Methods Women were sampled at elective caesarean section (n = 45, BMI = 28.1±5.0) and were followed up 5 years after pregnancy (n = 25). GDF15, insulin and leptin were measured in CSF and serum. Additional measurements included plasma glucose, and serum adiponectin and Hs-CRP. Results GDF15 levels were higher during pregnancy compared with follow-up in both CSF (385±128 vs. 115±32 ng/l, P<0.001) and serum (73789±29198 vs. 404±102 ng/l, P<0.001). CSF levels correlated with serum levels during pregnancy (P<0.001), but not in the non-pregnant state (P = 0.98). Both CSF and serum GDF15 were highest in women carrying a female fetus (P<0.001). Serum GDF15 correlated with the homeostatic model assessment for beta-cell function and placental weight, and CSF GDF15 correlated inversely with CSF insulin levels. Conclusion This, the first study to measure CSF GDF15 during pregnancy, demonstrated increased GDF15 levels in both serum and CSF during pregnancy. The results suggest that effects of GDF15 during pregnancy can be mediated by increases in both CSF and serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Gorodetsky R, Aicher WK. Allogenic Use of Human Placenta-Derived Stromal Cells as a Highly Active Subtype of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells for Cell-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:5302. [PMID: 34069909 PMCID: PMC8157571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The application of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) from different sources, including bone marrow (BM, bmMSCs), adipose tissue (atMSCs), and human term placenta (hPSCs) has been proposed for various clinical purposes. Accumulated evidence suggests that the activity of the different MSCs is indirect and associated with paracrine release of pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory factors. A major limitation of bmMSCs-based treatment for autologous application is the limited yield of cells harvested from BM and the invasiveness of the procedure. Similar effects of autologous and allogeneic MSCs isolated from various other tissues were reported. The easily available fresh human placenta seems to represent a preferred source for harvesting abundant numbers of human hPSCs for allogenic use. Cells derived from the neonate tissues of the placenta (f-hPSC) can undergo extended expansion with a low risk of senescence. The low expression of HLA class I and II on f-hPSCs reduces the risk of rejection in allogeneic or xenogeneic applications in normal immunocompetent hosts. The main advantage of hPSCs-based therapies seems to lie in the secretion of a wide range of pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory factors. This renders hPSCs as a very competent cell for therapy in humans or animal models. This review summarizes the therapeutic potential of allogeneic applications of f-hPSCs, with reference to their indirect pro-regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects and discusses clinical feasibility studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Gorodetsky
- Biotechnology and Radiobiology Laboratory, Sharett Institute of Oncology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Wilhelm K. Aicher
- Center of Medical Research, Department of Urology at UKT, Eberhard-Karls-University, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Everest C, Nagpal TS, Souza SCS, DA Silva DF, Gaudet L, Mohammad S, Bhattacharjee J, Adamo KB. The Effect of Maternal Physical Activity and Gestational Weight Gain on Placental Efficiency. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:756-762. [PMID: 32991347 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Adherence to physical activity (PA) and gestational weight gain (GWG) recommendations during pregnancy has been shown to improve maternal and fetal health outcomes, including reducing the risk for chronic diseases. Limited research has evaluated the effect of meeting PA in combination with GWG recommendations on placental efficiency (Pl-E), a surrogate marker of the placenta's ability to exchange nutrients and gas based on surface area. The purpose of this study was to measure and compare Pl-E based on meeting PA and GWG recommendations. METHOD Healthy pregnant women (n = 61) wore accelerometers in their second and third trimesters to objectively measure PA. Women were classified as active or inactive at each time point based on meeting the 2019 Canadian prenatal PA guidelines. Total GWG was calculated as weight measured in the third trimester minus self-reported prepregnancy weight, and were categorized as insufficient (n = 19), adequate (n = 22), and excessive (n = 20) according to the 2009 Institute of Medicine guidelines. Placental weight (PW) and birth weight (BW) were measured within 30 min of delivery and 24-48 h postdelivery, respectively. Pl-E was determined in three ways: BW:PW ratio, residual BW, and measured BW, with a higher value indicating better Pl-E. Pl-E was compared by PA and GWG status using a two-way ANOVA. RESULTS No differences were found in the BW:PW ratio or residual BW corresponding to PA and GWG status. Measured BW was significantly higher in newborns of women who gained weight excessively compared with those who gained insufficient weight (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These findings suggest that prenatal PA does not compromise Pl-E; however, further research is required to evaluate the potential mechanistic benefits of meeting PA and GWG guidelines on the placenta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Everest
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Taniya S Nagpal
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Sara C S Souza
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Danilo F DA Silva
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Laura Gaudet
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, CANADA
| | - Shuhiba Mohammad
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Jayonta Bhattacharjee
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
| | - Kristi B Adamo
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, CANADA
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Riestenberg CK, Mok T, Ong JR, Platt LD, Han CS, Quinn MM. Sonographic abnormalities in pregnancies conceived following IVF with and without preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A). J Assist Reprod Genet 2021; 38:865-871. [PMID: 33534049 PMCID: PMC8079593 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-021-02069-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report the rate of fetal anomalies detected on anatomy ultrasound in pregnant patients who underwent IVF with preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) compared to patients who conceived following IVF with unscreened embryos and age-matched patients with natural conceptions. Methods Retrospective cohort study at a single maternal-fetal medicine practice. Patients with singleton pregnancies who had a mid-trimester anatomy ultrasound between January 2017 and December 2018 were screened for inclusion. A total of 712 patients who conceived after IVF with or without PGT-A were age-matched with natural conception controls. The primary outcome was the rate of fetal and placental anomalies detected on mid-trimester anatomical survey. Secondary outcomes included the rates of abnormal nuchal translucency (NT), second trimester serum analytes, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT), and invasive diagnostic testing. Result(s) There were no differences in the rate of fetal anomalies in patients who underwent IVF with PGT-A compared to patients who conceived following IVF with unscreened embryos and age-matched patients with natural conceptions. Rate of abnormal NT, high-risk NIPT, and abnormal invasive diagnostic testing were also similar. Patients who conceived after IVF with or without PGT-A had higher rates of abnormal placental ultrasound findings and abnormal second trimester serum analytes compared to natural conception controls. Conclusion The use of PGT-A was not associated with a difference in risk of fetal anomaly detection on a mid-trimester anatomical survey. The results of this study highlight the importance of improved patient counseling regarding the limitations of PGT-A, and of providing standard prenatal care for pregnancies conceived through ART, regardless of whether PGT-A was performed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10815-021-02069-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie K. Riestenberg
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue 27-139 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
| | - Thalia Mok
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue 27-139 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
| | - Jessica R. Ong
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue 27-139 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
| | - Lawrence D. Platt
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue 27-139 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
- Center for Fetal Medicine & Women’s Ultrasound, 6310 San Vicente Blvd, Suite 520, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Christina S. Han
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue 27-139 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
- Center for Fetal Medicine & Women’s Ultrasound, 6310 San Vicente Blvd, Suite 520, Los Angeles, CA 90048 USA
| | - Molly M. Quinn
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California, Los Angeles, 10833 Le Conte Avenue 27-139 CHS, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1740 USA
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Wawrzykowski J, Jamioł M, Mojsym W, Kankofer M. The comparison of pro- and antioxidative parameters in plasma and placental tissues during early phase of placental development in cows. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:1291-1297. [PMID: 33507474 PMCID: PMC7925458 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06143-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Physiological balance between pro- and antioxidative processes is crucial for placentation and further development of fetus and placenta. Parameters of pro- and antioxidative profile may serve as markers of proper course of pregnancy. The aim of study was to assess whether the balance between pro- and antioxidative parameters during placentation phase in bovine placenta is maintained. Placental and blood samples were collected from healthy, HF, pregnant (2nd-3rd month) cows (n = 8) in slaughterhouse and in farm, respectively. Formylokinurenine and bityrosine content were measured spectrofluorimetrically in blood plasma and tissue homogenates while metabolites of lipid peroxidation, total antioxidant capacity, SH groups and activity of antioxidative enzymes (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase) were determined in examined tissues by spectrophotometry. Western blotting was used to confirm the presence of enzymatic proteins in placenta. Results: Local profile in tissues was more pronounced than general profile in blood plasma. Activities of antioxidative enzymes were significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 2nd compared to 3rd month of pregnancy in maternal part of placenta while prooxidant parameters showed opposite relationship. Obtained results showed significant differences when compared to data from non-pregnant animals or time of parturition. Further studies are necessary for elucidation of placentation phase in cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacek Wawrzykowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Jamioł
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Wioleta Mojsym
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland
| | - Marta Kankofer
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Science in Lublin, Akademicka street 12, 20-033, Lublin, Poland.
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Plows JF, Vickers MH, Ganapathy TP, Bridge-Comer PE, Stanley JL, Reynolds CM. Interleukin-1 Receptor-1 Deficiency Impairs Metabolic Function in Pregnant and Non-Pregnant Female Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e1900770. [PMID: 31738006 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201900770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Glucose intolerance during pregnancy is associated with short- and long-term maternal and offspring health consequences. In young male mice, knockout of the major pro-inflammatory mediator interleukin-1-receptor-1 (IL1R1) protects against high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance and metabolic dysfunction. This phenotype has not been examined during pregnancy. The hypothesis that IL1R1 depletion will protect females against HFD-induced glucose intolerance and metabolic dysfunction before, during, and post pregnancy is tested. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6J control and IL1R1 knockout (IL1R1-/- ) mice are randomized to either a control diet (10% kcal from fat) or HFD (45% kcal from fat), and three distinct cohorts are established: nulliparous, pregnant, and postpartum females. Contrary to the authors' hypothesis, it is found that IL1R1-/- does not protect against glucose intolerance in nulliparous or pregnant females, and while control HFD animals see a resolution of glucose tolerance postpartum, IL-1R1-/- mice remain impaired. These effects are accompanied by adipocyte hypertrophy, hyperleptinemia, and increased adipose tissue inflammatory gene expression. Maternal genotype differentially affects fetal growth in male and female fetuses, demonstrating sexual dimorphism in this genotype prior to birth. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that IL1R1 signaling is important for normal metabolic functioning in females, during and outside of pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine F Plows
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Saban Research Institute, 4641 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA
| | - Mark H Vickers
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Thashma P Ganapathy
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Pania E Bridge-Comer
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Joanna L Stanley
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Clare M Reynolds
- The Liggins Institute, University of Auckland, 85 Park Road, Grafton, 1023, Auckland, New Zealand
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Liu X, Zhang F, Wang Z, Zhang T, Teng C, Wang Z. Altered gut microbiome accompanying with placenta barrier dysfunction programs pregnant complications in mice caused by graphene oxide. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 207:111143. [PMID: 32942098 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The wide use of graphene oxide (GO) has raised increasing concerns about the potential risks to environmental and human health. Recent studies have shown the vital role of gut microbiome in various pathological status or even exogenous exposure, but more detailed understanding about the effects of possible gut microbiome alterations under GO exposure on reproductive toxicology evaluations in pregnant mammals remained elusive. Here we found that orally administrated GO daily during gestational day (GD) 7-16 caused dose-dependent pregnant complications of mice on the endpoint (GD19), including decreased weight of dam and live fetus, high rate of resorbed embryos and dead fetus, and skeletal development retardation. Meanwhile in placenta tissues of pregnant mice exposed to GO at dose over 10 mg/kg, the expression levels of tight junctions (Claudin1 and Occludin) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) decreased approximately by 30%-80%, meaning impaired placenta barrier. According to the data of fecal 16s RNA sequencing in 40 mg/kg dose group and the control group, gut microbiome showed dramatically decreased α- and β-diversity, and upregulated Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio owing to GO exposure. What's more, significantly differentiated abundance of Euryarchaeota is expected to be a special biomarker for failed pregnancy caused by GO. Notably, the result of Spearman correlation analysis suggested that there was a strong link (correlation coefficient>0.6) between perturbed gut microbiome with both abnormally expressed factors of placenta barrier and adverse pregnant outcomes. In summary, the damages of GO exposure to placenta barrier and pregnancy were dose-dependent. And GO exposure was responsible for gut microbiome dysbiosis in mice with pregnant complications. These findings could provide referable evidence to evaluate reproductive risk of GO to mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Fengmei Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Zengjin Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Tongchao Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China
| | - Chuanfeng Teng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, PR China
| | - Zhiping Wang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, 250012, PR China.
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