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Kristiansson E, Fridolfsson J, Arvidsson D, Holmäng A, Börjesson M, Andersson-Hall U. Correction: Validation of Oura ring energy expenditure and steps in laboratory and free‑living. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:203. [PMID: 37689635 PMCID: PMC10492264 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-02029-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kristiansson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Källner K, Krook R, Sandberg AS, Hulthén L, Andersson-Hall U, Holmäng A. Interaction of Iron Homeostasis and Fatty Acid Metabolism in the Development of Glucose Intolerance in Women with Previous Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. Nutrients 2023; 15:3214. [PMID: 37513632 PMCID: PMC10385184 DOI: 10.3390/nu15143214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis during pregnancy means an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life. By following up with women after GDM we aimed to examine the relationship between iron parameters, individual fatty acids (FAs) and desaturases in the development of impaired glucose metabolism (IGM). Based on an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), six years after GDM, 157 women were grouped as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or IGM. Fasting serum FAs, activity of desaturases and iron parameters (ferritin, transferrin, iron, soluble transferrin receptor, total iron binding capacity, hepcidin) were measured, and clinical and anthropometric measurements taken. Soluble transferrin receptor was higher in the IGM group compared to the NGT group (3.87 vs. 3.29 mg/L, p-value = 0.023) and associated positively with saturated FAs and negatively with monounsaturated FAs in the IGM group (adjusted for BMI, age and high sensitivity C-reactive protein; p-value < 0.05). Iron, as well as transferrin saturation, showed a positive association with MUFAs and desaturase activity. These associations were not seen in the NGT group. These results suggest that iron homeostasis and FA metabolism interact in the development of glucose intolerance in women with previous GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Källner
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden (U.A.-H.)
| | - Rasmus Krook
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden (U.A.-H.)
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lena Hulthén
- Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden (U.A.-H.)
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden (U.A.-H.)
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Kristiansson E, Fridolfsson J, Arvidsson D, Holmäng A, Börjesson M, Andersson-Hall U. Validation of Oura ring energy expenditure and steps in laboratory and free-living. BMC Med Res Methodol 2023; 23:50. [PMID: 36829120 PMCID: PMC9950693 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-023-01868-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Commercial activity trackers are increasingly used in research and compared with research-based accelerometers are often less intrusive, cheaper, with improved storage and battery capacity, although typically less validated. The present study aimed to determine the validity of Oura Ring step-count and energy expenditure (EE) in both laboratory and free-living. METHODS Oura Ring EE was compared against indirect calorimetry in the laboratory, followed by a 14-day free-living study with 32 participants wearing an Oura Ring and reference monitors (three accelerometers positioned at hip, thigh, and wrist, and pedometer) to evaluate Oura EE variables and step count. RESULTS Strong correlations were shown for Oura versus indirect calorimetry in the laboratory (r = 0.93), and versus reference monitors for all variables in free-living (r ≥ 0.76). Significant (p < 0.05) mean differences for Oura versus reference methods were found for laboratory measured sitting (- 0.12 ± 0.28 MET), standing (- 0.27 ± 0.33 MET), fast walk (- 0.82 ± 1.92 MET) and very fast run (- 3.49 ± 3.94 MET), and for free-living step-count (2124 ± 4256 steps) and EE variables (MET: - 0.34-0.26; TEE: 362-494 kcal; AEE: - 487-259 kcal). In the laboratory, Oura tended to underestimate EE with increasing discrepancy as intensity increased. The combined activities and slow running in the laboratory, and all MET placements, TEE hip and wrist, and step count in free-living had acceptable measurement errors (< 10% MAPE), whereas the remaining free-living variables showed close to (≤13.2%) acceptable limits. CONCLUSION This is the first study investigating the validity of Oura Ring EE against gold standard methods. Oura successfully identified major changes between activities and/or intensities but was less responsive to detailed deviations within activities. In free-living, Oura step-count and EE variables tightly correlated with reference monitors, though with systemic over- or underestimations indicating somewhat low intra-individual validity of the ring versus the reference monitors. However, the correlations between the devices were high, suggesting that the Oura can detect differences at group-level for active and total energy expenditure, as well as step count.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Kristiansson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonatan Fridolfsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Arvidsson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Center for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science Faculty of Education, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Andersson-Hall U, Hossein Pour D, Grau S, Börjesson M, Holmäng A. Exercise, aerobic fitness, and muscle strength in relation to glucose tolerance 6 to 10 years after gestational diabetes. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2022; 191:110078. [PMID: 36099975 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2022.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We sought to identify self-reported exercise and objectively measured fitness variables associated with glucose tolerance and metabolic health 6-10 years after gestational diabetes (GDM) METHODS: Women (n = 84) underwent oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT), body composition measurements, and lifestyle questionnaires 6 and 10 years after GDM. In a subset (n = 45), peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), peak fat oxidation, and maximal isometric strength of five muscle groups were tested. RESULTS At 10 years, 41 women (49%) had impaired glucose metabolism or type 2 diabetes (T2D). VO2peak and muscle strength were lowest in the T2D group. In a regression analysis, VO2peak and all strength measurements were associated negatively with HbA1c and waist-hip ratio and positively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. However, only muscle strength was associated with fasting and area-under-the-curve glucose. For changes between the 6- and 10-year follow-ups, only muscle strength was associated with HbA1c change, whereas both VO2peak and strength were associated with high-density lipoprotein level and changes in waist-hip ratio. Peak fat oxidation and self-reported physical activity showed no or weak relationships with glycemic variables. CONCLUSION Objectively measured fitness variables, particularly muscle strength, were strongly associated with glycemic and other metabolic outcomes in a high-risk group after GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Denise Hossein Pour
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefan Grau
- Centre for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Centre for Health and Performance, Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of Acute and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Department of MGA, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region of Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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Vandikas MS, Landin-Wilhelmsen K, Holmäng A, Gillstedt M, Osmancevic A. High levels of serum vitamin D-binding protein in patients with psoriasis: A case-control study and effects of ultraviolet B phototherapy. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2021; 211:105895. [PMID: 33819632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2021.105895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The role of vitamin D in psoriasis remains contradictory despite the fact that vitamin D analogues constitute an established treatment for psoriasis. It has been proposed that the ability of vitamin D to exert anti-inflammatory effects might not depend solely on the concentration of serum 25(OH)D but also on the concentration of vitamin D-binding protein (DBP). High concentrations of DBP might diminish vitamin D's biologic action. The aims of this study were (i) to analyze the serum levels of DBP, total and calculated free 25(OH)D in patients with psoriasis and compare the results with healthy controls and (ii) to study the effect of ultraviolet B (UVB) phototherapy on DBP levels. Caucasian subjects (n = 68) with active plaque psoriasis were compared with a population-based sample of men and women (n = 105), matched for age and sex. Season of enrollment was taken into consideration. The patients were also studied before and after UVB phototherapy. The severity of the disease was calculated as Psoriasis Area Severity Index (PASI). DBP, free 25(OH)D index and total 25(OH)D were higher in patients with psoriasis compared with controls (P= 0.004, P = 0.045 and P < 0.0001, respectively). DBP did not change after phototherapy, whereas 25(OH)D increased and intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) decreased (P < 0.001 for both). Psoriasis improved and PASI decreased after phototherapy (P < 0.001). There was no correlation between DBP and 25(OH)D or between DBP and PASI. Measurement of DBP is recommended when evaluating vitamin D status in patients with psoriasis. High DBP levels in psoriasis imply a disturbed vitamin D pathway that warrants further investigation. Direct measurement of free 25(OH)D, instead of total 25(OH)D that circumvents abnormally high levels of DBP, could be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Siekkeri Vandikas
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Kerstin Landin-Wilhelmsen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Martin Gillstedt
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amra Osmancevic
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, SE-413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden; Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Andersson-Hall U, Joelsson L, Svedin P, Mallard C, Holmäng A. Growth-differentiation-factor 15 levels in obese and healthy pregnancies: Relation to insulin resistance and insulin secretory function. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2021; 95:92-100. [PMID: 33547817 DOI: 10.1111/cen.14433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE/AIM Growth-differentiation-factor 15 (GDF15) has been suggested to improve or protect beta cell function. During pregnancy, beta cell numbers and function increase to overcome the natural rise in insulin resistance during gestation. In this study, we longitudinally measured serum GDF15 levels during and after pregnancy in women of normal weight (NW) and in women with obesity (OB) and explored associations between GDF15 and changes in beta cell function by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA). METHODS The cohort participants were 38 NW (BMI 22.3 ± 1.7) and 35 OB (BMI 35.8 ± 4.2). Blood was sampled and body composition measured at each trimester (T1, T2, and T3) and at 6, 12 and 18 months postpartum. Fasting glucose, insulin and GDF15 were measured, and HOMA for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and beta cell function (HOMA-B) determined. RESULTS GDF15 levels increased significantly each trimester and were ~200-fold higher at T3 than in the nonpregnant postpartum state. GDF15 was higher in NW than OB during pregnancy, but was reversed after pregnancy with a significant interaction effect. GDF15 correlated inversely with BMI and fat-free mass at T3. Low GDF15 was associated with lower incidence of nausea and with carrying a male foetus. The pregnancy induced increase in GDF15 associated with increased HOMA-B in OB and with reduced fasting glucose in all women. CONCLUSION Large gestational upregulation of GDF15 levels may help increase insulin secretory function to overcome pregnancy-induced insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Joelsson
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Region Västra Götaland, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Andersson-Hall U, de Maré H, Askeli F, Börjesson M, Holmäng A. Physical activity during pregnancy and association with changes in fat mass and adipokines in women of normal-weight or with obesity. Sci Rep 2021; 11:12549. [PMID: 34131242 PMCID: PMC8206069 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-91980-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue and adipokine concentrations change markedly during pregnancy, but the effects of physical activity on these changes are rarely studied. We aimed to assess physical activity levels in pregnant women of normal-weight (NW) or with obesity (OB), and to determine the relation with changes in fat mass and adipokines. In each trimester, pregnant women (136 NW, 51 OB) were interviewed about their physical activity and had their body composition, leptin, soluble leptin receptor (sOB-R) and adiponectin determined. NW reported higher activity and more aerobic exercise than OB during early pregnancy. Both groups maintained training frequency but reduced overall activity as pregnancy progressed. NW women reporting aerobic and/or resistance exercise and OB women reporting aerobic exercise had greater sOB-R increases (independent of BMI or gestational weight gain). In NW, exercise also associated with lower fat mass and leptin increases. Higher activity levels associated with lower gestational weight gain in both groups. The relationship between physical activity and adiponectin differed between NW and OB. Maternal exercise may partly mediate its beneficial effects through regulation of leptin bioavailability, by enhancing pregnancy-induced increases in sOB-R. This could be of particular importance in OB with pre-gestational hyperleptinemia and leptin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Hanna de Maré
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Freja Askeli
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mats Börjesson
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, Centre for Health and Performance, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Acute and Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of MGA, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Region of Västra Götaland, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, 405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Andersson-Hall U, Svedin P, Mallard C, Blennow K, Zetterberg H, Holmäng A. Growth differentiation factor 15 increases in both cerebrospinal fluid and serum during pregnancy. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248980. [PMID: 34043633 PMCID: PMC8158880 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) increases in serum during pregnancy to levels not seen in any other physiological state and is suggested to be involved in pregnancy-induced nausea, weight regulation and glucose metabolism. The main action of GDF15 is regulated through a receptor of the brainstem, i.e., through exposure of GDF15 in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The aim of the current study was to measure GDF15 in both CSF and serum during pregnancy, and to compare it longitudinally to non-pregnant levels. Methods Women were sampled at elective caesarean section (n = 45, BMI = 28.1±5.0) and were followed up 5 years after pregnancy (n = 25). GDF15, insulin and leptin were measured in CSF and serum. Additional measurements included plasma glucose, and serum adiponectin and Hs-CRP. Results GDF15 levels were higher during pregnancy compared with follow-up in both CSF (385±128 vs. 115±32 ng/l, P<0.001) and serum (73789±29198 vs. 404±102 ng/l, P<0.001). CSF levels correlated with serum levels during pregnancy (P<0.001), but not in the non-pregnant state (P = 0.98). Both CSF and serum GDF15 were highest in women carrying a female fetus (P<0.001). Serum GDF15 correlated with the homeostatic model assessment for beta-cell function and placental weight, and CSF GDF15 correlated inversely with CSF insulin levels. Conclusion This, the first study to measure CSF GDF15 during pregnancy, demonstrated increased GDF15 levels in both serum and CSF during pregnancy. The results suggest that effects of GDF15 during pregnancy can be mediated by increases in both CSF and serum levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Nielsen C, Andersson Hall U, Lindh C, Ekström U, Xu Y, Li Y, Holmäng A, Jakobsson K. Pregnancy-induced changes in serum concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances and the influence of kidney function. Environ Health 2020; 19:80. [PMID: 32641055 PMCID: PMC7346349 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-020-00626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological associations between maternal concentrations of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and birth weight are inconsistent. There is concern that studies based on samples collected in late pregnancy may be confounded by kidney function but studies of the relation between pregnancy-induced changes in PFAS and kidney function are lacking. Our aims were to investigate changes in serum concentrations of perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS) from early to late pregnancy and to explore relations to changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and glomerular pore size. METHODS We conducted the study in a cohort of 73 pregnancies of normal-weight Swedish women without gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, enrolled 2009-2014. Blood was collected in median weeks 11 and 36, respectively, and analysed PFAS using liquid chromatography-tandem-mass-spectrometry. We estimated GFR based on creatinine and cystatin C and used the ratio eGFRcystatin C/eGFRcreatinine to indicate glomerular pore size. We used Wilcoxon signed-rank test to compare early and late measures and partial Spearman rank correlations to explore relations between changes in PFAS and kidney function. RESULTS Median concentrations of PFNA, PFOA and PFOS decreased by 15-21% but changes were uncorrelated to changes in kidney function (partial R = - 0.06-0.11). The observed increase in median PFHxS concentration of 69% was likely an artefact of systematic measurement error caused by coeluting endogenous inferences. CONCLUSIONS Serum concentrations of PFNA, PFOA and PFOS decrease during pregnancy but the magnitudes of change are unrelated to parallel changes in eGFR and glomerular pore size, suggesting that changes in these indicators of kidney function are not important confounders in studies of PFAS and birth weight in pregnancies without gestational diabetes and preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christel Nielsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village (402A), Scheelevägen 8, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Christian Lindh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, Medicon Village (402A), Scheelevägen 8, 223 81 Lund, Sweden
| | - Ulf Ekström
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yiyi Xu
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ying Li
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Kristina Jakobsson
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden
- Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden
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Bosaeus M, Andersson-Hall U, Andersson L, Karlsson T, Ellegård L, Holmäng A. Body Composition During Pregnancy: Longitudinal Changes and Method Comparisons. Reprod Sci 2020; 27:1477-1489. [PMID: 31993997 PMCID: PMC7272490 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-020-00141-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The Pregnancy Obesity Nutrition and Child Health study is a longitudinal study of reproductive health. Here we analyzed body composition of normal-weight and obese Swedish women by three methods during each trimester of pregnancy. Cross-sectional and longitudinal fat mass estimates using quantitative magnetic resonance (QMR) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) (Tanita MC-180MA-III) were compared with fat mass determined by air displacement plethysmography (ADP) in pregnancy weeks 8-12, 24-26, and 35-37 in normal-weight women (n = 122, BMI = 22.1 ± 1.6 kg/m2) and obese women (n = 29, BMI = 34.6 ± 3.6 kg/m2). ADP results were calculated from pregnancy-adjusted fat-free mass densities. Mean fat mass by QMR and ADP were similar in obese women, although with wide limits of agreement. In normal-weight women, QMR overestimated mean fat mass in all trimesters, with systematic overestimation at low fat mass values in trimesters 1 and 3. In obese women, fat mass by BIA was grossly underestimated and imprecise in all trimesters, especially at higher values in trimester 2. In normal-weight women, fat mass by BIA was moderately lower than by ADP in trimester 1, similar in trimester 2, and moderately higher in trimester 3. QMR and ADP assessed fat mass changes similarly in obese women, whereas BIA overestimated fat mass changes in normal-weight women. Mean fat mass and fat mass changes by QMR and pregnancy-adjusted ADP were similar in pregnant obese women. Mean fat mass by QMR and fat mass changes by BIA were higher than corresponding values determined by pregnancy-adjusted ADP in normal-weight women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Bosaeus
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Andersson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Therese Karlsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lars Ellegård
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Box 432, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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11
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Andersen E, Altıntaş A, Andersson-Hall U, Holmäng A, Barrès R. Environmental factors influence the epigenetic signature of newborns from mothers with gestational diabetes. Epigenomics 2019; 11:861-873. [DOI: 10.2217/epi-2019-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To investigate the degree by which epigenetic signatures in children from mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are influenced by environmental factors. Methods: We profiled the DNA methylation signature of blood from lean, obese and GDM mothers and their respective newborns. Results: DNA methylation profiles of mothers showed high similarity across groups, while newborns from GDM mothers showed a marked distinct epigenetic profile compared with newborns of both lean and obese mothers. Analysis of variance in DNA methylation levels between newborns showed higher variance in the GDM group. Conclusion: Our results suggest that environmental factors, rather than direct transmission of epigenetic marks from the mother, are involved in establishing the epigenetic signature associated with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emil Andersen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ali Altıntaş
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience & Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Romain Barrès
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Andersson-Hall U, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS, Holmäng A. Circulating Linoleic Acid is Associated with Improved Glucose Tolerance in Women after Gestational Diabetes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111629. [PMID: 30400149 PMCID: PMC6266712 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Women with previously diagnosed gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at increased risk of type-2-diabetes mellitus (T2D). We aimed to establish links between glucose tolerance (GT) and serum fatty acid (FA) profile in the transition from GDM to T2D. Six years after GDM, 221 women were grouped as having normal GT (NGT), impaired GT (IGT), or T2D based on oral GT test results. Fasting serum FAs were profiled, anthropometric measures taken, and dietary intake determined. Linoleic acid (LA) was significantly higher in NGT women (p < 0.001) compared with IGT and T2D, and emerged as a strong predictor of low glucose and insulin levels, independently of BMI. Self-reported vegetable oil consumption correlated with LA serum levels and glucose levels. Delta-6-, delta-9-, and stearoyl-CoA-desaturase activities were associated with decreased GT, and delta-5-desaturase activities with increased GT. In a subgroup of women at high risk of diabetes, low LA and high palmitic acid levels were seen in those that developed T2D, with no differences in other FAs or metabolic measurements. Results suggest that proportions of LA and palmitic acid are of particular interest in the transition from GDM to T2D. Interconversions between individual FAs regulated by desaturases appear to be relevant to glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Nils-Gunnar Carlsson
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Ann-Sofie Sandberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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13
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Svensson H, Wetterling L, Andersson-Hall U, Jennische E, Edén S, Holmäng A, Lönn M. Adipose tissue and body composition in women six years after gestational diabetes: factors associated with development of type 2 diabetes. Adipocyte 2018; 7:229-237. [PMID: 30246599 PMCID: PMC6768253 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2018.1521230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Factors differentiating women at highest risk of progression to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) after gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are incompletely known. Our aim was to characterize adipose tissue and body composition in relation to glucose metabolism in women with a history of GDM and to identify factors associated with development of T2DM. We examined glucose tolerance (OGTT), insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR), body composition (anthropometry, air displacement plethysmography), and blood chemistry in 39 women 6 years after GDM. An adipose tissue biopsy was obtained to assess the size, number, and lipolytic activity of adipocytes, and adipokine release and density of immune cells and blood vessels in adipose tissue. Normal glucose tolerance (NGT) was identified in 31 women and impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) in 8. Women with IGM had higher BMI/fat mass, and related expected adipose tissue features, than women with NGT. Ethnicity was similar in the groups, but numerically there was a higher proportion of European women in the NGT group and a higher proportion of non-European women in the IGM group. BMI was the best discriminator of NGT versus IGM (multivariable logistic regression: OR = 1.34, P < 0.01). Waist-to-height ratio and adipocyte volume were most strongly associated with HOMA-IR (multivariable linear regression: R2 = 0.656, P < 0.001). After adjustment for BMI/ethnicity, women with IGM had increased serum adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein, weight gain after index pregnancy, and a lower proportion of fat-free mass. These factors, together with high BMI, abdominal fat distribution, and enlarged adipocytes, may increase the risk of progression to T2DM after GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Svensson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Wetterling
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Jennische
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Edén
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Lönn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
The size distribution of adipocytes in a suspension, after collagenase digestion of adipose tissue, can be determined by computerized image analysis. Free lipid, forming droplets, in such suspensions implicates a bias since droplets present in the images may be identified as adipocytes. This problem is not always adjusted for and some reports state that distinguishing droplets and cells is a considerable problem. In addition, if the droplets originate mainly from rupture of large adipocytes, as often described, this will also bias size analysis. We here confirm that our ordinary manual means of distinguishing droplets and adipocytes in the images ensure correct and rapid identification before exclusion of the droplets. Further, in our suspensions, prepared with focus on gentle handling of tissue and cells, we find no association between the amount of free lipid and mean adipocyte size or proportion of large adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henrik Svensson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Olausson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Eva Jennische
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Staffan Edén
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Lönn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Andersson-Hall U, Svedin P, Andreasson U, Gren M, Ingemansson A, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Pelanis A, Mallard C, Holmäng A. Central and peripheral leptin and agouti-related protein during and after pregnancy in relation to weight change. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2018; 88:263-271. [PMID: 29154467 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study changes of neuropeptides and adipokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and serum from pregnancy to postpregnancy in relation to weight changes, fat mass and glucose metabolism. CONTEXT With high postpartum weight retention being a risk factor in future pregnancies and of lifelong obesity, we evaluated neuropeptide and adipokine changes in women who either gained weight or were weight stable. DESIGN Women were followed for 5 ± 1 years after pregnancy and divided into two groups, weight stable and weight gain, by weight change from start of pregnancy. PATIENTS Twenty-five women (BMI 27 ± 5 kg/m2 ) recruited at admission for elective caesarean section. MEASUREMENTS CSF and serum levels of agouti-related protein (AgRP), leptin and insulin, and serum levels of adiponectin and soluble leptin receptor were measured during and after pregnancy. These measurements were further related to fat mass and insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR). RESULTS S-AgRP levels during pregnancy were lower in the weight stable group and a 1 unit increase in s-AgRP was associated with 24% higher odds of pertaining to the weight gain group. After pregnancy, s-AgRP increased in the weight stable group but decreased in the weight gain group. Decreased transport of leptin into CSF during pregnancy was reversed by an increased CSF:serum leptin ratio after pregnancy. In women who returned to their prepregnancy weight, serum adiponectin increased after pregnancy and correlated negatively with HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION S-AgRP concentration in late pregnancy may be one factor predicting weight change after pregnancy, and circulating AgRP may be physiologically important in the long-term regulation of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Magnus Gren
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Ameli Ingemansson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Aurimantas Pelanis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Andersson-Hall U, Gustavsson C, Pedersen A, Malmodin D, Joelsson L, Holmäng A. Higher Concentrations of BCAAs and 3-HIB Are Associated with Insulin Resistance in the Transition from Gestational Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:4207067. [PMID: 29967793 PMCID: PMC6008749 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4207067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Determine the metabolic profile and identify risk factors of women transitioning from gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). METHODS 237 women diagnosed with GDM underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), anthropometrics assessment, and completed lifestyle questionnaires six years after pregnancy. Blood was analysed for clinical variables (e.g., insulin, glucose, HbA1c, adiponectin, leptin, and lipid levels) and NMR metabolomics. Based on the OGTT, women were divided into three groups: normal glucose tolerance (NGT), impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and T2DM. RESULTS Six years after GDM, 19% of subjects had T2DM and 19% IGT. After BMI adjustment, the IGT group had lower HDL, higher leptin, and higher free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and the T2DM group higher triglyceride, FFA, and C-reactive protein levels than the NGT group. IGT and T2DM groups reported lower physical activity. NMR measurements revealed that levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and the valine metabolite 3-hydroxyisobyturate were higher in T2DM and IGT groups and correlated with measures of insulin resistance and lipid metabolism. CONCLUSION In addition to well-known clinical risk factors, BCAAs and 3-hydroxyisobyturate are potential markers to be evaluated as predictors of metabolic risk after pregnancy complicated by GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Andersson-Hall
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carolina Gustavsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anders Pedersen
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Daniel Malmodin
- Swedish NMR Centre, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Joelsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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17
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Abstract
CONTEXT Gestational diabetes is commonly linked to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is a need to characterize metabolic changes associated with gestational diabetes in order to find novel biomarkers for T2DM. OBJECTIVE To find potential pathophysiological mechanisms and markers for progression from gestational diabetes mellitus to T2DM by studying the metabolic transition from pregnancy to postpartum. DESIGN The metabolic transition profile from pregnancy to postpartum was characterized in 56 women by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics; 11 women had gestational diabetes mellitus, 24 had normal glucose tolerance, and 21 were normoglycaemic but at increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Fasting serum samples collected during trimester 3 (gestational week 32±0.6) and postpartum (10.5±0.4months) were compared in diagnosis-specific multivariate models (orthogonal partial least squares analysis). Clinical measurements (e.g., insulin, glucose, lipid levels) were compared and models of insulin sensitivity and resistance were calculated for the same time period. RESULTS Women with gestational diabetes had significantly increased postpartum levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, and their circulating lipids did not return to normal levels after pregnancy. The increase in BCAAs occurred postpartum since the BCAAs did not differ during pregnancy, as compared to normoglycemic women. CONCLUSIONS Postpartum levels of specific BCAAs, notably valine, are related to gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University.
| | | | | | - Kerstin Berntorp
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jatta Puhkala
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland,; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Luoto
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland,; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg
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Gustavsson C, Andersson Hall U, Pelanis A, Karlsson OI, Andersson L, Svedin P, Mallard C, Myntti A, Andreasson U, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, Holmäng A. Cerebrospinal fluid levels of insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein in relation to BMI in pregnant women. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2016; 24:1299-304. [PMID: 27130070 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE During pregnancy, metabolic interactions must be adapted, though neuroendocrine mechanisms for increased food intake are poorly understood. The objective of this study was to characterize differences in insulin, leptin, and agouti-related protein (AgRP) levels in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in pregnant women with normal weight (NW) and pregnant women with overweight (OW) or obesity (OB). Placenta as a source for increased peripheral AgRP levels during pregnancy was also investigated. METHODS Women were recruited at admission for elective cesarean section. Insulin, AgRP, and leptin were measured in serum and CSF from 30 NW, 25 OW, and 21 OB at term. Serum during pregnancy and placenta at term were collected for further AgRP analysis. RESULTS Immunohistology showed placental production of AgRP and serum AgRP levels increased throughout pregnancy. CSF AgRP, leptin, and insulin levels were higher in OW and OB than NW. Serum leptin and insulin levels were higher and AgRP lower in OB than NW. CONCLUSIONS High serum AgRP levels might protect from the suppressive effects of leptin during pregnancy. Pregnant women with OB and OW might further be protected from the suppressive effect of leptin by high CSF AgRP levels. Evidence was found, for the first time, of human placental AgRP production mirrored by levels in the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Gustavsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Andersson Hall
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Aurimantas Pelanis
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ove I Karlsson
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Andersson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Svedin
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carina Mallard
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Myntti
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Ulf Andreasson
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
- UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Lab, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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19
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Svensson H, Wetterling L, Bosaeus M, Odén B, Odén A, Jennische E, Edén S, Holmäng A, Lönn M. Body fat mass and the proportion of very large adipocytes in pregnant women are associated with gestational insulin resistance. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 40:646-53. [PMID: 26563815 PMCID: PMC4827013 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Pregnancy is accompanied by fat gain and insulin resistance. Changes in adipose tissue morphology and function during pregnancy and factors contributing to gestational insulin resistance are incompletely known. We sought to characterize adipose tissue in trimesters 1 and 3 (T1/T3) in normal weight (NW) and obese pregnant women, and identify adipose tissue-related factors associated with gestational insulin resistance. Subjects/Methods: Twenty-two NW and 11 obese women were recruited early in pregnancy for the Pregnancy Obesity Nutrition and Child Health study. Examinations and sampling of blood and abdominal adipose tissue were performed longitudinally in T1/T3 to determine fat mass (air-displacement plethysmography); insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR); size, number and lipolytic activity of adipocytes; and adipokine release and density of immune cells and blood vessels in adipose tissue. Results: Fat mass and HOMA-IR increased similarly between T1 and T3 in the groups; all remained normoglycemic. Adipocyte size increased in NW women. Adipocyte number was not influenced, but proportions of small and large adipocytes changed oppositely in the groups. Lipolytic activity and circulating adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein increased in both groups. Adiponectin release was reduced in NW women. Fat mass and the proportion of very large adipocytes were most strongly associated with T3 HOMA-IR by multivariable linear regression (R2=0.751, P<0.001). Conclusions: During pregnancy, adipose tissue morphology and function change comprehensively. NW women accumulated fat in existing adipocytes, accompanied by reduced adiponectin release. In comparison with the NW group, obese women had signs of adipocyte recruitment and maintained adiponectin levels. Body fat and large adipocytes may contribute significantly to gestational insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Svensson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - L Wetterling
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Bosaeus
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - B Odén
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Odén
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - E Jennische
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - S Edén
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - A Holmäng
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - M Lönn
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Bosaeus M, Hussain A, Karlsson T, Andersson L, Hulthén L, Svelander C, Sandberg AS, Larsson I, Ellegård L, Holmäng A. A randomized longitudinal dietary intervention study during pregnancy: effects on fish intake, phospholipids, and body composition. Nutr J 2015; 14:1. [PMID: 25554072 PMCID: PMC4292819 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2891-14-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fish and meat intake may affect gestational weight gain, body composition and serum fatty acids. We aimed to determine whether a longitudinal dietary intervention during pregnancy could increase fish intake, affect serum phospholipid fatty acids, gestational weight gain and body composition changes during pregnancy in women of normal weight participating in the Pregnancy Obesity Nutrition and Child Health study. A second aim was to study possible effects in early pregnancy of fish intake and meat intake, respectively, on serum phospholipid fatty acids, gestational weight gain, and body composition changes during pregnancy. Methods In this prospective, randomized controlled study, women were allocated to a control group or to a dietary counseling group that focused on increasing fish intake. Fat mass and fat-free mass were measured by air-displacement plethysmography. Reported intake of fish and meat was collected from a baseline population and from a subgroup of women who participated in each trimester of their pregnancies. Serum levels of phospholipid arachidonic acid (s-ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (s-EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (s-DHA) were measured during each trimester. Results Weekly fish intake increased only in the intervention group (n = 18) from the first to the second trimester (median difference 113 g, p = 0.03) and from the first to the third trimester (median difference 75 g, p = 0.01). In the first trimester, fish intake correlated with s-EPA (r = 0.36, p = 0.002, n = 69) and s-DHA (r = 0.34, p = 0.005, n = 69), and meat intake correlated with s-ARA (r = 0.28, p = 0.02, n = 69). Fat-free mass gain correlated with reported meat intake in the first trimester (r = 0.39, p = 0.01, n = 45). Conclusions Dietary counseling throughout pregnancy could help women increase their fish intake. Intake of meat in early pregnancy may increase the gain in fat-free mass during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marja Bosaeus
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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21
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Fagman JB, Wilhelmson AS, Motta BM, Pirazzi C, Alexanderson C, De Gendt K, Verhoeven G, Holmäng A, Anesten F, Jansson JO, Levin M, Borén J, Ohlsson C, Krettek A, Romeo S, Tivesten Å. The androgen receptor confers protection against diet-induced atherosclerosis, obesity, and dyslipidemia in female mice. FASEB J 2014; 29:1540-50. [PMID: 25550469 PMCID: PMC4470404 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-259234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Androgens have important cardiometabolic actions in males, but their metabolic role in females is unclear. To determine the physiologic androgen receptor (AR)–dependent actions of androgens on atherogenesis in female mice, we generated female AR-knockout (ARKO) mice on an atherosclerosis-prone apolipoprotein E (apoE)–deficient background. After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet, but not on a normal chow diet, atherosclerosis in aorta was increased in ARKO females (+59% vs. control apoE-deficient mice with intact AR gene). They also displayed increased body weight (+18%), body fat percentage (+62%), and hepatic triglyceride levels, reduced insulin sensitivity, and a marked atherogenic dyslipidemia (serum cholesterol, +52%). Differences in atherosclerosis, body weight, and lipid levels between ARKO and control mice were abolished in mice that were ovariectomized before puberty, consistent with a protective action of ovarian androgens mediated via the AR. Furthermore, the AR agonist dihydrotestosterone reduced atherosclerosis (−41%; thoracic aorta), subcutaneous fat mass (−44%), and cholesterol levels (−35%) in ovariectomized mice, reduced hepatocyte lipid accumulation in hepatoma cells in vitro, and regulated mRNA expression of hepatic genes pivotal for lipid homeostasis. In conclusion, we demonstrate that the AR protects against diet-induced atherosclerosis in female mice and propose that this is mediated by modulation of body composition and lipid metabolism.—Fagman, J. B., Wilhelmson, A. S., Motta, B. M., Pirazzi, C., Alexanderson, C., De Gendt, K., Verhoeven, G., Holmäng, A., Anesten, F., Jansson, J.-O., Levin, M., Borén, J., Ohlsson, C., Krettek, A., Romeo, S., Tivesten, A. The androgen receptor confers protection against diet-induced atherosclerosis, obesity, and dyslipidemia in female mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johan B Fagman
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna S Wilhelmson
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Benedetta M Motta
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Carlo Pirazzi
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Camilla Alexanderson
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karel De Gendt
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Guido Verhoeven
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Anesten
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - John-Olov Jansson
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Malin Levin
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jan Borén
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Krettek
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stefano Romeo
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Åsa Tivesten
- *Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Laboratory for Experimental Medicine and Endocrinology, Department of Experimental Medicine, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, and Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Nordic School of Public Health, Gothenburg, Sweden; and Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Malmberg P, Karlsson T, Svensson H, Lönn M, Carlsson NG, Sandberg AS, Jennische E, Osmancevic A, Holmäng A. A new approach to measuring vitamin D in human adipose tissue using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry: A pilot study. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2014; 138:295-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2014.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Revised: 02/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Bosaeus M, Karlsson T, Holmäng A, Ellegård L. Accuracy of quantitative magnetic resonance and eight-electrode bioelectrical impedance analysis in normal weight and obese women. Clin Nutr 2014; 33:471-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2013.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 06/05/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Hussain A, Nookaew I, Khoomrung S, Andersson L, Larsson I, Hulthén L, Jansson N, Jakubowicz R, Nilsson S, Sandberg AS, Nielsen J, Holmäng A. A maternal diet of fatty fish reduces body fat of offspring compared with a maternal diet of beef and a post-weaning diet of fish improves insulin sensitivity and lipid profile in adult C57BL/6 male mice. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2013; 209:220-34. [PMID: 23746286 DOI: 10.1111/apha.12130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Revised: 01/20/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIM The maternal diet during pregnancy and lactation may affect the long-term health of the offspring. Our aim was to study how a fish or meat diet perinatal and after weaning affects body composition, insulin sensitivity and the profile of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in breast milk, fat depots, skeletal muscle and liver in male adult mice offspring. METHODS During gestation and lactation, C57BL/6 dams were fed a herring- or beef-based diet. Half of the pups in each group changed diets after weaning. In offspring, body composition measured by DEXA, plasma lipid profile and insulin sensitivity measured by euglycemic clamp or QUICKI were monitored to adulthood. Analysis of total FAs by GC-MS were performed in the diet, breast milk and in different tissues. RESULTS At 9 week of age, offspring of herring-fed dams had less body fat than offspring of beef-fed dams. Mice fed herring after weaning had increased insulin sensitivity at 15 week of age, reduced total plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and compared with beef-fed mice, larger interscapular brown adipose tissue depots. The FA composition of the maternal diet was mirrored in breast milk, and the herring diet significantly affected the FA profile of different tissues, leading to an increased content of n-3 PUFAs. CONCLUSION A herring-based maternal diet reduces body fat in the offspring, but the insulin sensitivity, plasma lipids and amount of brown adipose tissue are affected by the offspring's own diet; the herring diet is more beneficial than the beef diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hussain
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - I. Nookaew
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Systems Biology; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - S. Khoomrung
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Systems Biology; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - L. Andersson
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - I. Larsson
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Metabolism; Sahlgrenska University Hospital; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - L. Hulthén
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition; Institute of Medicine; The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - N. Jansson
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - R. Jakubowicz
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - S. Nilsson
- Department of Mathematical Statistics; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - A.-S. Sandberg
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Food Science; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - J. Nielsen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering; Systems Biology; Chalmers University of Technology; Gothenburg; Sweden
| | - A. Holmäng
- Department of Physiology; Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
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Hussain A, Olausson H, Nilsson S, Nookaew I, Khoomrung S, Andersson L, Koskela A, Tuukkanen J, Ohlsson C, Holmäng A. Maternal beef and postweaning herring diets increase bone mineral density and strength in mouse offspring. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2013; 238:1362-9. [PMID: 24157588 DOI: 10.1177/1535370213506436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The maternal diet during gestation and lactation affects the long-term health of the offspring. We sought to determine whether maternal and postweaning crossover isocaloric diets based on fish or meat affect the geometry, mineral density, and biomechanical properties of bone in mouse offspring in adulthood. During gestation and lactation, C57BL/6 dams were fed a herring- or beef-based diet. After weaning, half of the pups in each group were fed the same diet as their dams, and half were fed the other diet. Areal bone mineral density (aBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of the whole body and lumbar spine were measured in the offspring by dual X-ray absorptiometry at 9 and 21 weeks of age. At 22-26 weeks, tibia bone geometry (length, cortical volumetric (v) BMD, BMC, area and thickness) was analyzed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography, and the biomechanical properties of the tibia were analyzed by the three-point bending test. Plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 was analyzed at 12 weeks. In comparison to the maternal herring diet, the maternal beef diet increased aBMD and BMC in the whole body and lumbar spine of adult offspring, as well as cortical vBMD, BMC, bone area, and thickness at the mid-diaphyseal region of the tibia and the biomechanical properties of tibia strength. In contrast, a postweaning beef diet decreased aBMD in the lumbar spine and BMC in the whole body and lumbar spine compared with a postweaning herring diet, which instead increased plasma insulin-like growth factor-1 levels. The change from a maternal beef diet before weaning to a herring diet after weaning decreased body weight and increased the cortical area, vBMD, BMC, thickness, and strength of the tibia. These significant crossover effects indicate that a preweaning maternal beef diet and a postweaning herring diet are optimal for increasing BMC and bone strength in offspring in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysha Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SE-40530, Sweden
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Karlsson T, Osmancevic A, Jansson N, Hulthén L, Holmäng A, Larsson I. Increased vitamin D-binding protein and decreased free 25(OH)D in obese women of reproductive age. Eur J Nutr 2013; 53:259-67. [PMID: 23604494 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-013-0524-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Obese subjects have lower circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) than normal-weight subjects. Knowledge is scarce regarding differences in vitamin D-binding protein (DBP), free 25(OH)D, and intake of vitamin D between normal-weight and obese subjects. The purpose of this study was to examine intake and vitamin D status in obese compared with normal-weight women. METHODS Between September 2009 and October 2011, 43 obese and 43 normal-weight women, 22-45 years of age, mean BMI of 39.1 ± 4.6 and 21.6 ± 1.8 kg/m(2), respectively, were recruited in the western Sweden region (latitude 57°N). Blood samples, data regarding diet, and sun exposure were collected. RESULTS DBP concentrations were 320 ± 121 and 266 ± 104 μg/mL (P = 0.02) in obese and normal-weight women, respectively. Calculated free 25(OH)D was 13.3 ± 5.5 (obese) and 23.7 ± 10.7 (normal-weight) (P < 0.001). The obese women had a 20.1 nmol/L lower mean 25(HO)D concentration compared to normal-weight women (P < 0.001). 56 % of obese women and 12 % of normal-weight women had 25(OH)D concentrations ≤50 nmol/L. There was no statistically significant difference in total vitamin D intake between the groups. 39 % of the women had a total vitamin D intake <7.5 μg/day, the current national recommendation for vitamin D in Sweden. CONCLUSIONS Obese women had higher DBP concentrations compared with normal-weight women and lower free 25(OH)D. The obese women were more likely to have 25(OH)D concentrations that could be considered suboptimal. Vitamin D intake was generally low in normal-weight and obese women of childbearing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therese Karlsson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, P.O. Box 432, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden,
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Gabrielsson BG, Wikström J, Jakubowicz R, Marmon SK, Carlsson NG, Jansson N, Gan LM, Undeland I, Lönn M, Holmäng A, Sandberg AS. Dietary herring improves plasma lipid profiles and reduces atherosclerosis in obese low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice. Int J Mol Med 2011; 29:331-7. [PMID: 22160183 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2011.856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet is a significant modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular disease and high fish intake has been associated with vascular health in population studies. However, intervention studies have been inconclusive. In this study, male low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient mice were given 16-week high fat/high sucrose diets, supplemented with either minced herring fillets or minced beef. The diets were matched in total fat and cholesterol content; taurine content and fatty acid composition was analysed. Body weights were recorded throughout the study; plasma lipids were analysed at week 8 and 16. Body composition and adipocyte size were evaluated at study end. Atherosclerosis was evaluated at week 12 (ultrasound) and at termination (en face histology). Herring-fed mice had a higher proportion of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the hepatic triacylglycerides (TAG) and phospholipid fractions. The herring-fed mice had increased body weight (P=0.007), and reduced epididymal adipocyte size (P=0.009), despite similar food intake and body composition as the beef-fed mice. The herring-fed mice had lower plasma TAG and very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL)-cholesterol concentrations throughout the study (TAG; P=0.0012 and 0.004, VLDL-cholesterol; P=0.006 and 0.041, week 8 and 16, respectively). At week 16, the herring-fed had higher plasma concentrations of HDL-cholesterol (P=0.004) and less atherosclerotic lesions in the aortic arch (P=0.007) compared with the beef-fed mice. In conclusion, dietary herring in comparison to beef markedly improved vascular health in this mouse model, suggesting that herring provides an added value beyond its content of macronutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Britt G Gabrielsson
- Food Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Bourghardt J, Wilhelmson A, Alexanderson C, De Gendt K, Verhoeven G, Holmäng A, Krettek A, Olofsson SO, Ohlsson C, Tivesten Å. 294 ACCELERATED ATHEROSCLEROSIS IN FEMALE MICE LACKING THE ANDROGEN RECEPTOR. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(11)70295-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Lager S, Asterholm IW, Schéle E, Jansson N, Nilsson S, Jansson JO, Lönn M, Holmäng A. Perinatal lack of maternal IL-6 promotes increased adiposity during adulthood in mice. Endocrinology 2011; 152:1336-46. [PMID: 21285312 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The perinatal environment appears important in establishing metabolic phenotypes in adulthood. Mice deficient in IL-6 (IL-6(-/-)) tend to develop mature-onset obesity, but it is unknown whether perinatal exposure to IL-6 produced by the dam influences the metabolism of adult offspring. To address this issue, we monitored IL-6(-/-) offspring of IL-6(-/-) or IL-6(+/-) dams, as well as wild-type (WT) mice. At adult age, IL-6(-/-) mice weighed significantly more and had more body fat than WT mice, regardless of maternal genotype, and had lower insulin sensitivity. This phenotype was more pronounced in IL-6(-/-) offspring of IL-6(-/-) dams, because they gained weight significantly faster than IL-6(-/-) offspring of IL-6(+/-) dams and had more body fat and higher serum leptin levels at an earlier age. The leptin content was 2-fold higher in milk from IL-6(-/-) than WT dams. However, cross-fostering IL-6(-/-) mice with WT dams did not alter body weight, body composition, or adipocyte size at adult age compared with IL-6(-/-) mice fostered by IL-6(-/-) dams. Conversely, WT mice fostered by IL-6(-/-) dams weighed significantly more than those fostered by WT dams and had more body fat, larger adipocytes, and altered hypothalamic gene expression. We conclude that body fat of adult mice can be increased by perinatal exposure to factors affected by lack of maternal IL-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Lager
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg, Box 434, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Alexanderson C, Stener-Victorin E, Kullberg J, Nilsson S, Levin M, Cajander S, Lönn L, Lönn M, Holmäng A. A single early postnatal estradiol injection affects morphology and gene expression of the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue in adult female rats. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 2010; 122:82-90. [PMID: 19857573 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsbmb.2009.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2009] [Revised: 10/16/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Events during early life can affect reproductive and metabolic functions in adulthood. We evaluated the programming effects of a single early postnatal estradiol injection (within 3h after birth) in female rats. We assessed ovarian and parametrial adipose tissue morphology, evaluated gene expression related to follicular development and adipose tissue metabolism, and developed a non-invasive volumetric estimation of parametrial adipose tissue by magnetic resonance imaging. Estradiol reduced ovarian weight, increased antral follicle size and number of atretic antral follicles, and decreased theca interna thickness in atretic antral follicles. Adult estradiol-injected rats also had malformed vaginal openings and lacked corpora lutea, confirming anovulation. Estradiol markedly reduced parametrial adipose tissue mass. Adipocyte size was unchanged, suggesting reduced adipocyte number. Parametrial adipose tissue lipoprotein lipase activity was increased. In ovaries, estradiol increased mRNA expression of adiponectin, complement component 3, estrogen receptor α, and glucose transporter 3 and 4; in parametrial adipose tissue, expression of complement component 3 was increased, expression of estrogen receptor α was decreased, and expression of leptin, lipoprotein lipase, and hormone-sensitive lipase was unaffected. These findings suggest that early postnatal estradiol exposure of female rats result in long-lasting effects on the ovary and parametrial adipose tissue at adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Alexanderson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Nookaew I, Gabrielsson BG, Holmäng A, Sandberg AS, Nielsen J. Identifying molecular effects of diet through systems biology: influence of herring diet on sterol metabolism and protein turnover in mice. PLoS One 2010; 5:e12361. [PMID: 20808764 PMCID: PMC2927425 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0012361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 07/06/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Changes in lifestyle have resulted in an epidemic development of obesity-related diseases that challenge the healthcare systems worldwide. To develop strategies to tackle this problem the focus is on diet to prevent the development of obesity-associated diseases such as cardiovascular disease (CVD). This will require methods for linking nutrient intake with specific metabolic processes in different tissues. Methodology/Principal Finding Low-density lipoprotein receptor-deficient (Ldlr −/−) mice were fed a high fat/high sugar diet to mimic a westernized diet, being a major reason for development of obesity and atherosclerosis. The diets were supplemented with either beef or herring, and matched in macronutrient contents. Body composition, plasma lipids and aortic lesion areas were measured. Transcriptomes of metabolically important tissues, e.g. liver, muscle and adipose tissue were analyzed by an integrated approach with metabolic networks to directly map the metabolic effects of diet in these different tissues. Our analysis revealed a reduction in sterol metabolism and protein turnover at the transcriptional level in herring-fed mice. Conclusion This study shows that an integrated analysis of transcriptome data using metabolic networks resulted in the identification of signature pathways. This could not have been achieved using standard clustering methods. In particular, this systems biology analysis could enrich the information content of biomedical or nutritional data where subtle changes in several tissues together affects body metabolism or disease progression. This could be applied to improve diets for subjects exposed to health risks associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Intawat Nookaew
- Life Sciences/Systems Biology, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Lindqvist H, Sandberg AS, Undeland I, Stener-Victorin E, Larsson BM, Sannaveerappa T, Lönn M, Holmäng A. Influence of herring (Clupea harengus) and herring fractions on metabolic status in rats fed a high energy diet. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2009; 196:303-14. [PMID: 19076113 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008.01948.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM Few dietary studies have looked beyond fish oil to explain the beneficial metabolic effects of a fish-containing diet. Our aim was to study whether addition of herring, or sub-fractions of herring, could counteract negative metabolic effects known to be induced by a high-fat, high-sugar diet. METHODS Rats were given six different diets: standard pellets; high energy diet with chicken mince (HiE control); high energy diet with herring mince (HiE herring); and high energy diet with chicken mince and either herring oil (HiE herring oil), herring press juice, PJ (HiE PJ) or herring low molecular weight PJ (HiE LMW-PJ). Factors associated with the metabolic syndrome were measured. RESULTS There were no differences in energy intake or body weight between the groups, but animals fed high energy diets had a higher body fat content compared with the pellet group, although not statistically significant in all groups. Mesenteric adipocyte size was smaller in the HiE herring oil group compared with the HiE control. Glucose clamp studies showed that, compared with the pellet group, the HiE control and HiE herring diets, but not the HiE herring oil diet, induced insulin resistance. Addition of herring or herring oil to the high energy diet decreased total cholesterol levels, triacylglycerols and the atherogenic index compared with the HiE control group. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that addition of herring or herring oil counteracts negative effects on blood lipids induced by a high energy diet. The lipid component of herring thus seems to be responsible for these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lindqvist
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Chalmers University of Technology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Alexanderson C, Eriksson E, Stener-Victorin E, Lönn M, Holmäng A. Early postnatal oestradiol exposure causes insulin resistance and signs of inflammation in circulation and skeletal muscle. J Endocrinol 2009; 201:49-58. [PMID: 19193715 DOI: 10.1677/joe-08-0534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Early postnatal events can predispose to metabolic and endocrine disease in adulthood. In this study, we evaluated the programming effects of a single early postnatal oestradiol injection on insulin sensitivity in adult female rats. We also assessed the expression of genes involved in inflammation and glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue and analysed circulating inflammation markers as possible mediators of insulin resistance. Neonatal oestradiol exposure reduced insulin sensitivity and increased plasma levels of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1. In skeletal muscle, oestradiol increased the expression of genes encoding complement component 3 (C3), Mcp-1, retinol binding protein-4 (Rbp4) and transforming growth factor beta1 (Tgfbeta1). C3 and MCP-1 are both related to insulin resistance, and C3, MCP-1 and TGFbeta1 are also involved in inflammation. Expression of genes encoding glucose transporter-4 (Glut 4), carnitine-palmitoyl transferase 1b (Cpt1b), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (Ppard) and uncoupling protein 3 (Ucp3), which are connected to glucose uptake, lipid oxidation, and energy uncoupling, was down regulated. Expression of several inflammatory genes in skeletal muscle correlated negatively with whole-body insulin sensitivity. In s.c. inguinal adipose tissue, expression of Tgfbeta1, Ppard and C3 was decreased, while expression of Rbp4 and Cpt1b was increased. Inguinal adipose tissue weight was increased but adipocyte size was unaltered, suggesting an increased number of adipocytes. We suggest that early neonatal oestrogen exposure may reduce insulin sensitivity by inducing chronic, low-grade systemic and skeletal muscle inflammation and disturbances of glucose and lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Alexanderson
- Department of Physiology, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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Mannerås L, Jonsdottir IH, Holmäng A, Lönn M, Stener-Victorin E. Low-frequency electro-acupuncture and physical exercise improve metabolic disturbances and modulate gene expression in adipose tissue in rats with dihydrotestosterone-induced polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinology 2008; 149:3559-68. [PMID: 18388196 DOI: 10.1210/en.2008-0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, abdominal obesity, and insulin resistance. Pharmacotherapy is often unsatisfactory. This study evaluates the effects of low-frequency electro-acupuncture (EA) and physical exercise on metabolic disturbances and adipose tissue mRNA expression of selected genes in a rat PCOS model characterized by insulin resistance and adiposity. Dihydrotestosterone (inducing PCOS) or vehicle (control) was administrated continuously, beginning before puberty. At age 10 wk, PCOS rats were randomly divided into three groups; PCOS, PCOS EA, and PCOS exercise. PCOS EA rats received 2-Hz EA (evoking muscle twitches) three times/wk during 4-5 wk. PCOS exercise rats had free access to a running wheel for 4-5 wk. EA and exercise improved insulin sensitivity, measured by clamp, in PCOS rats. Exercise also reduced adiposity, visceral adipocyte size, and plasma leptin. EA increased plasma IGF-I. Real-time RT-PCR revealed increased expression of leptin and IL-6 and decreased expression of uncoupling protein 2 in visceral adipose tissue of PCOS rats compared with controls. EA restored the expression of leptin and uncoupling protein 2, whereas exercise normalized adipose tissue leptin and IL-6 expression in PCOS rats. Thus, EA and exercise ameliorate insulin resistance in rats with PCOS. This effect may involve regulation of adipose tissue metabolism and production because EA and exercise each partly restore divergent adipose tissue gene expression associated with insulin resistance, obesity, and inflammation. In contrast to exercise, EA improves insulin sensitivity and modulates adipose tissue gene expression without influencing adipose tissue mass and cellularity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mannerås
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Johansson ME, Andersson IJ, Alexanderson C, Skøtt O, Holmäng A, Bergström G. Hyperinsulinemic rats are normotensive but sensitized to angiotensin II. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2008; 294:R1240-7. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00493.2007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The effect of insulin on blood pressure (BP) is debated, and an involvement of an activated renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) has been suggested. We studied the effect of chronic insulin infusion on telemetry BP and assessed sympathetic activity and dependence of the RAAS. Female Sprague-Dawley rats received insulin (2 units/day, INS group, n = 12) or insulin combined with losartan (30 mg·kg−1·day−1, INS+LOS group, n = 10), the angiotensin II receptor antagonist, for 6 wk. Losartan-treated (LOS group, n = 10) and untreated rats served as controls ( n = 11). We used telemetry to measure BP and heart rate (HR), and acute ganglion blockade and air-jet stress to investigate possible control of BP by the sympathetic nervous system. In addition, we used myograph technique to study vascular function ex vivo. The INS and INS+LOS groups developed euglycemic hyperinsulinemia. Insulin did not affect BP but increased HR (27 beats/min on average). Ganglion blockade reduced mean arterial pressure (MAP) similarly in all groups. Air-jet stress did not increase sympathetic reactivity but rather revealed possible blunting of the stress response in hyperinsulinemia. Chronic losartan markedly reduced 24-h-MAP in the INS+LOS group (−38 ± 1 mmHg P < 0.001) compared with the LOS group (−18 ± 1 mmHg, P ≤ 0.05). While insulin did not affect vascular function per se, losartan improved endothelial function in the aorta of insulin-treated rats. Our results raise doubt regarding the role of hyperinsulinemia in hypertension. Moreover, we found no evidence that insulin affects sympathetic nervous system activity. However, chronic losartan treatment revealed an important interaction between insulin and RAAS in BP control.
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Alexanderson C, Eriksson E, Stener-Victorin E, Lystig T, Gabrielsson B, Lönn M, Holmäng A. Postnatal testosterone exposure results in insulin resistance, enlarged mesenteric adipocytes, and an atherogenic lipid profile in adult female rats: comparisons with estradiol and dihydrotestosterone. Endocrinology 2007; 148:5369-76. [PMID: 17656458 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Postnatal events contribute to features of the metabolic syndrome in adulthood. In this study, postnatally administered testosterone reduced insulin sensitivity and increased the mesenteric fat depot, the size of mesenteric adipocytes, serum levels of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides, and the atherogenic index in adult female rats. To assess the involvement of estrogen and androgen receptors in these programming effects, we compared testosterone-exposed rats to rats exposed to estradiol or dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Estradiol-treated rats had lower insulin sensitivity than testosterone-treated rats and, like those rats, had enlarged mesenteric adipocytes and increased triglyceride levels. DHT also reduced insulin sensitivity but did not mimic the other metabolic effects of testosterone. All treated rats were probably anovulatory, but only those treated with testosterone had reduced testosterone levels. This study confirms our previous finding that postnatal administration of testosterone reduces insulin sensitivity in adult female rats and shows that this effect is accompanied by unfavorable changes in mesenteric fat tissue and in serum lipid levels. The findings in the estradiol and DHT groups suggest that estrogen receptors exert stronger metabolic programming effects than androgen receptors. Thus, insults such as sex hormone exposure in early life may have long-lasting effects, thereby creating a predisposition to disturbances in insulin sensitivity, adipose tissue, and lipid profile in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camilla Alexanderson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology/Endocrinology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Box 434, 405 30, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Mannerås L, Cajander S, Holmäng A, Seleskovic Z, Lystig T, Lönn M, Stener-Victorin E. A new rat model exhibiting both ovarian and metabolic characteristics of polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrinology 2007; 148:3781-91. [PMID: 17495003 DOI: 10.1210/en.2007-0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 314] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, abdominal obesity, and insulin resistance. However, its etiology is unclear, and its management is often unsatisfactory or requires a diversified approach. Here, we describe a new rat PCOS model, the first to exhibit both ovarian and metabolic characteristics of the syndrome. Female rats received the nonaromatizable androgen dihydrotestosterone (DHT) or the aromatase inhibitor letrozole by continuous administration, beginning before puberty, to activate androgen receptors. Adult DHT rats had irregular cycles, polycystic ovaries characterized by cysts formed from atretic follicles, and a diminished granulosa layer. They also displayed metabolic features, including increased body weight, increased body fat, and enlarged mesenteric adipocytes, as well as elevated leptin levels and insulin resistance. All letrozole rats were anovulatory and developed polycystic ovaries with structural changes strikingly similar to those in human PCOS. Our findings suggest that the formation of a "hyperplastic" theca interna reflects the inclusion of luteinized granulosa cells in the cyst wall rather than true hyperplasia. We conclude that the letrozole model is suitable for studies of the ovarian features of human PCOS, while the DHT model is suitable for studies of both ovarian and metabolic features of the syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Mannerås
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Box 434, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Hultman K, Alexanderson C, Mannerås L, Sandberg M, Holmäng A, Jansson T. Maternal taurine supplementation in the late pregnant rat stimulates postnatal growth and induces obesity and insulin resistance in adult offspring. J Physiol 2007; 579:823-33. [PMID: 17204495 PMCID: PMC2151367 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.124610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
An adequate supply of taurine during fetal life is important for normal beta-cell development and insulin action. An altered availability of taurine may programme glucose metabolism in utero and result in type 2 diabetes in adult age. We examined whether maternal taurine supplementation in late pregnant rats affects postnatal growth, adult body composition, insulin sensitivity and endogenous insulin secretion in intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) and normal offspring. Uterine artery ligation or sham operations were performed on gestational day (GD) 19. Taurine supplementation was given to half of the dams from GD 18 until term, resulting in four groups of offspring: sham (n = 22), sham/taurine (n = 22), IUGR (n = 22) and IUGR/taurine (n = 24). The offspring were studied at 12 weeks of age. In offspring with normal birth weight, fetal taurine supplementation markedly stimulated postnatal growth. In sham/taurine females, fat depots, plasma free fatty acid and leptin concentrations were increased, and insulin sensitivity was reduced. Insulin sensitivity was unaltered in IUGR and IUGR/taurine offspring. However, whereas IUGR offspring showed little catch-up growth, 50% of IUGR/taurine animals displayed complete catch-up at 12 weeks of age, and these animals had increased fat depots and reduced insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, taurine supplementation in late gestation resulted in accelerated postnatal growth, which was associated with adult obesity and insulin resistance in both IUGR and normal offspring. This effect was particularly evident in females. These data suggest that fetal taurine availability is an important determinant for postnatal growth, insulin sensitivity and fat accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Hultman
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Sweden.
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Abstract
Maternal systemic infection during pregnancy may expose the fetus to infectious agents and high levels of mediators of the resulting inflammatory response, such as IL-6 (IL-6). Increased fetal and maternal levels of IL-6 have been associated with adverse neonatal outcome but might also stress the fetus and contribute to cardiovascular and neuroendocrine dysfunction in adulthood. It is unclear whether interleukins cross the placental barrier, although this matter has been little studied. The aim of this study was therefore to investigate if IL-6 administered to pregnant rats in vivo is transferred to the fetus. We injected 125I IL-6 i.v. to pregnant dams at gestation day 11-13 (mid-gestation) or 17-19 (late gestation). We found 125I-IL-6 in the exposed fetuses as well as in amniotic fluids. Fetal 125I-IL-6 levels were markedly higher in animals injected in mid-gestation compared with late pregnancy (p < 0.01). This difference was mirrored in a 15-fold higher unidirectional materno-fetal clearance for 125I-IL-6 in mid-gestation (p < 0.01). We conclude that the permeability of the rat placental barrier to IL-6 is much higher in mid-gestation than in late pregnancy. Maternally derived IL-6 may directly induce fetal injury but also stimulate the release of fetal stress hormones resulting in stimuli or insults in neuroendocrine structures and hormonal axes which might lead to disease at adult age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jovanna Dahlgren
- Göteborg Pediatric Growth Research Center, Institute for the Health of Women and Children, Queen Silvia Childrens Hospital, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Samuelsson AM, Alexanderson C, Mölne J, Haraldsson B, Hansell P, Holmäng A. Prenatal exposure to interleukin-6 results in hypertension and alterations in the renin-angiotensin system of the rat. J Physiol 2006; 575:855-67. [PMID: 16825309 PMCID: PMC1995698 DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2006.111260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are emerging as important in developmental processes. They may induce alterations in normal gene expression patterns, activate angiotensinogen transcription, or alter expression of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). To determine whether prenatal exposure to interleukin-6 (IL-6) influences gene expression of the intrarenal RAS and contributes to renal dysfunction and hypertension in adulthood, we exposed female rats to IL-6 early (EIL-6 females) and late (LIL-6 females) in pregnancy and analysed blood pressure in the offspring at 5-20 weeks of age. Renal fluid and electrolyte excretion was assessed in clearance experiments, mRNA expression by real-time PCR, and protein levels by Western blot. Systolic pressure was increased at 5 weeks in IL-6 females and at 11 weeks in males. Circulatory RAS levels were increased in all IL-6 females, but angiotensin-1-converting enzyme (ACE) activity was increased only in LIL-6 females. LIL-6 males and IL-6 females showed decreased urinary flow rate and urinary sodium and potassium excretion. Dopamine excretion was decreased IL-6 females. In adult renal cortex, renin expression was increased in all IL-6 females, but angiotensinogen mRNA was increased only in LIL-6 females; AT(1) receptor (AT(1)-R) mRNA and protein levels were increased in LIL-6 females, whereas AT(2) receptor (AT(2)-R) levels were decreased in LIL-6 females and EIL-6 males. In adult renal medulla, AT(1)-R protein levels were increased in LIL-6 females, and AT(2)-R mRNA and protein levels were decreased in EIL-6 males and LIL-6 females. Prenatal IL-6 exposure may cause hypertension by altering the renal and circulatory RAS and renal fluid and electrolyte excretion, especially in females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Maj Samuelsson
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg University, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Tivesten A, Bollano E, Nyström HC, Alexanderson C, Bergström G, Holmäng A. Cardiac concentric remodelling induced by non-aromatizable (dihydro-)testosterone is antagonized by oestradiol in ovariectomized rats. J Endocrinol 2006; 189:485-91. [PMID: 16731780 DOI: 10.1677/joe.1.06722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies on the cardiovascular effects of androgens in females, most of them using testosterone treatment, have yielded conflicting results. Testosterone is metabolized into oestradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) within cardiovascular tissues. The aim of the present study was to explore the cardiovascular effects exerted by E2 and the non-aromatizable androgen DHT and to study possible interactions between these in female rats. Ovariectomized rats were treated with DHT, E2, or DHT+E2 for 6 weeks. DHT increased left-ventricular posterior wall thickness, assessed by echocardiography, whereas left-ventricular dimension, as well as total heart weight and calculated left-ventricular mass, were unchanged. DHT also increased the levels of insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA in the left ventricle. E2 abolished the effect of DHT on left-ventricular remodelling and insulin-like growth factor-I mRNA when the two treatments were given in combination. E2 also reduced androgen receptor mRNA levels in the heart. Neither E2 nor DHT changed blood pressure measured by telemetry. In conclusion, treatment with the endogenous non-aromatizable androgen DHT causes cardiac concentric remodelling in ovariectomized rats, possibly mediated by increased local levels of insulin-like growth factor-I. The effect of DHT on cardiac wall thickness was antagonized by E2, possibly through downregulation of cardiac androgen receptors. These mechanisms may be of importance for the concentric left-ventricular geometric pattern developing in women after menopause.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tivesten
- The Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Bruna Stråket 16, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Samuelsson AM, Jennische E, Hansson HA, Holmäng A. Prenatal exposure to interleukin-6 results in inflammatory neurodegeneration in hippocampus with NMDA/GABAA dysregulation and impaired spatial learning. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2006; 290:R1345-56. [PMID: 16357100 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00268.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 208] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
During pregnancy, infection or immune responses induce cytokine release, which might influence fetal neurodevelopment, leading to neurodegenerative disease in adulthood. Because the hippocampus is a key area for learning and memory, we evaluated 4- and 24-wk-old rats for the effects of early and late prenatal exposure to interleukin-6 (IL-6) on hippocampal morphology, expression of mRNA for IL-6, the γ-aminobutyric acid receptor (GABAAα5), the NR1 subunit of the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), caspase-3 protein and mRNA levels, and learning abilities. Late exposure increased serum IL-6 and hippocampal expression of IL-6 mRNA at 4 and 24 wk. All adult rats showed neuronal loss in the hilus and astrogliosis; males had losses mainly in the CA2 and CA3 regions, and females in CA1. Expression of GABAAα5, NR1, and GFAP mRNA increased in late-exposed males and females at 4 and 24 wk. mRNA and protein levels of the apoptosis marker caspase-3 were increased in all late-exposed rats except males at 4 wk. Evaluation of hippocampus-dependent working memory in the Morris water maze at 20 wk of age showed increases in escape latency and time spent near the pool wall in all IL-6 adult rats, especially females. These findings suggest that fetal IL-6 exposure, especially in late pregnancy, leads to increased IL-6 levels in the circulation and hippocampus, abnormalities of hippocampal structural and morphology, and decreased learning during adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Maj Samuelsson
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg Univ., S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Samuelsson AM, Bollano E, Mobini R, Larsson BM, Omerovic E, Fu M, Waagstein F, Holmäng A. Hyperinsulinemia: effect on cardiac mass/function, angiotensin II receptor expression, and insulin signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2006; 291:H787-96. [PMID: 16565309 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00974.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To investigate the association between hyperinsulinemia and cardiac hypertrophy, we treated rats with insulin for 7 wk and assessed effects on myocardial growth, vascularization, and fibrosis in relation to the expression of angiotensin II receptors (AT-R). We also characterized insulin signaling pathways believed to promote myocyte growth and interact with proliferative responses mediated by G protein-coupled receptors, and we assessed myocardial insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and p110 alpha catalytic and p85 regulatory subunits of phospatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K), Akt, MEK, ERK1/2, and S6 kinase-1 (S6K1). Left ventricular (LV) geometry and performance were evaluated echocardiographically. Insulin decreased AT1a-R mRNA expression but increased protein levels and increased AT2-R mRNA and protein levels and phosphorylation of IRS-1 (Ser374/Tyr989), MEK1/2 (Ser218/Ser222), ERK1/2 (Thr202/Tyr204), S6K1 (Thr421/Ser424/Thr389), Akt (Thr308/Thr308), and PI3K p110 alpha but not of p85 (Tyr508). Insulin increased LV mass and relative wall thickness and reduced stroke volume and cardiac output. Histochemical examination demonstrated myocyte hypertrophy and increases in interstitial fibrosis. Metoprolol plus insulin prevented the increase in relative wall thickness, decreased fibrosis, increased LV mass, and improved function seen with insulin alone. Thus our data demonstrate that chronic hyperinsulinemia decreases AT1a-to-AT2 ratio and increases MEK-ERK1/2 and S6K1 pathway activity related to hypertrophy. These changes might be crucial for increased cardiovascular growth and fibrosis and signs of impaired LV function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Maj Samuelsson
- Cardiovascular Institute, The Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Univ. Hospital, Göteborg University, S-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Manni L, Cajander S, Lundeberg T, Naylor AS, Aloe L, Holmäng A, Jonsdottir IH, Stener-Victorin E. Effect of exercise on ovarian morphology and expression of nerve growth factor and alpha(1)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors in rats with steroid-induced polycystic ovaries. J Neuroendocrinol 2005; 17:846-58. [PMID: 16280032 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2005.01378.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oestadiol valerate (EV)-induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in rats cause anovulation and cystic ovarian morphology. Denervation of ovarian sympathetic nerves restores ovulatory disruption. In the present study, we determined whether 5 weeks of voluntary exercise influence ovarian morphology and the expression of sympathetic markers in the EV-induced PCO rat model. The effect of exercise on (i) ovarian morphology; (ii) mRNA and protein expression of nerve growth factor (NGF); and (iii) mRNA and number of ovarian-expressing cells for the NGF receptor (p75 neurotrophin receptor) and the alpha(1a)-, alpha(1b)-, alpha(1d)- and beta(2)-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in rats with EV-induced PCO was evaluated. PCO was induced by a single i.m. injection of EV, and controls were injected with oil alone in adult cycling rats. The rats were divided into four groups: (i) control (oil); (ii) exercise group (oil + exercise); (iii) a PCO group (EV); and (iv) a PCO exercise group (EV + exercise). The exercise and PCO exercise groups ran voluntarily for 5 weeks in computer-monitored wheels placed in the cages where they were housed. The results obtained indicated that ovarian morphology was almost normalised in the PCO exercise group; NGF mRNA and protein concentrations were normalised in the PCO exercise group; high numbers of NGF receptor expressing cells in PCO ovaries were lowered by exercise; and the number of immunopositive cells of the different AR subtypes were all reduced after exercise in the PCO group, except for the alpha(1b)- and beta(2)-AR whereas the mRNA levels were unaffected, indicating transcriptional regulation. In conclusion, our data indicate a beneficial effect of regular exercise, as a modulator of ovarian sympathetic innervation, in the prevention and treatment of human PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Manni
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg, Sweden
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Manni L, Holmäng A, Cajander S, Lundeberg T, Aloe L, Stener-Victorin E. Effect of anti-NGF on ovarian expression of alpha1- and beta2-adrenoceptors, TrkA, p75NTR, and tyrosine hydroxylase in rats with steroid-induced polycystic ovaries. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 290:R826-35. [PMID: 16195501 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00078.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Estradiol valerate (EV)-induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in rats are associated with higher ovarian release and content of norepinephrine, decreased beta2-adrenoceptors (ARs), and dysregulated expression of alpha1-AR subtypes, all preceded by an increase in the production of ovarian NGF. The aim of this study was to further elucidate the role of NGF in the ovaries by blocking the action of NGF during development of EV-induced PCO in rats. Control and EV-injected rats were treated with intraperitoneal injections of IgG (control and PCO groups) or with anti-NGF antibodies (anti-NGF and PCO anti-NGF groups) every third day for 5 wk starting from the day of PCO induction. Rat weight, estrous cyclicity, ovarian morphology, ovarian mRNA, and protein expression of alpha1-AR subtypes, beta2-AR, the NGF receptor tyrosine kinase A (TrkA), p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) were analyzed. Ovaries in both PCO and PCO anti-NGF groups decreased in size as well as in number and size of corpora lutea. mRNA expression of alpha1a-AR and TrkA in the ovaries was lower, whereas expression of alpha1b- and alpha1d-AR and TH was higher, in the PCO group than in controls. Protein quantities of alpha1-ARs, TrkA, p75NTR, and TH were higher in the PCO group compared with controls, whereas the protein content of beta2-AR was lower. Anti-NGF treatment in the PCO group restored all changes in mRNA and protein content, except that of alpha1b-AR and TrkA mRNAs, to control levels. The results indicate that the NGF/NGF receptor system plays a role in the pathogenesis of EV-induced PCO in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Manni
- Cardiovascular Medicine, Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Sweden
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Stener-Victorin E, Ploj K, Larsson BM, Holmäng A. Rats with steroid-induced polycystic ovaries develop hypertension and increased sympathetic nervous system activity. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2005; 3:44. [PMID: 16146570 PMCID: PMC1236959 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-3-44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2005] [Accepted: 09/07/2005] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a complex endocrine and metabolic disorder associated with ovulatory dysfunction, abdominal obesity, hyperandrogenism, hypertension, and insulin resistance. METHODS Our objectives in this study were (1) to estimate sympathetic-adrenal medullary (SAM) activity by measuring mean systolic blood pressure (MSAP) in rats with estradiol valerate (EV)-induced PCO; (2) to estimate alpha1a and alpha2a adrenoceptor expression in a brain area thought to mediate central effects on MSAP regulation and in the adrenal medulla; (3) to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis regulation by measuring adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and corticosterone (CORT) levels in response to novel-environment stress; and (4) to measure abdominal obesity, sex steroids, and insulin sensitivity. RESULTS The PCO rats had significantly higher MSAP than controls, higher levels of alpha1a adrenoceptor mRNA in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN), and lower levels of alpha2a adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN and adrenal medulla. After exposure to stress, PCO rats had higher ACTH and CORT levels. Plasma testosterone concentrations were lower in PCO rats, and no differences in insulin sensitivity or in the weight of intraabdominal fat depots were found. CONCLUSION Thus, rats with EV-induced PCO develop hypertension and increased sympathetic and HPA-axis activity without reduced insulin sensitivity, obesity, or hyperandrogenism. These findings may have implications for mechanisms underlying hypertension in PCOS.
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MESH Headings
- Abdominal Fat/anatomy & histology
- Adrenal Medulla/chemistry
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/metabolism
- Animals
- Blood Pressure
- Corticosterone/metabolism
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Female
- Hypertension/etiology
- Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System/physiopathology
- Insulin
- Insulin Resistance/physiology
- Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus/chemistry
- Pituitary-Adrenal System/physiopathology
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/chemistry
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/physiopathology
- Progesterone/blood
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/analysis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/analysis
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2/genetics
- Stress, Psychological/physiopathology
- Sympathetic Nervous System/physiopathology
- Testosterone/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Karolina Ploj
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Britt-Mari Larsson
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
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Manni L, Holmäng A, Lundeberg T, Aloe L, Stener-Victorin E. Ovarian expression of alpha (1)- and beta (2)-adrenoceptors and p75 neurotrophin receptors in rats with steroid-induced polycystic ovaries. Auton Neurosci 2005; 118:79-87. [PMID: 15795180 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2005.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2004] [Revised: 01/10/2005] [Accepted: 01/16/2005] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the main cause of infertility in women. Despite extensive research aimed at identifying the pathogenetic mechanism underlying this condition, the aetiology of the disease is still unknown. Evidence from studies on women with PCOS and on an experimental rat polycystic ovary (PCO) model suggests that the sympathetic regulatory drive to the ovary may be unbalanced. The present study was designed to investigate this hypothesis. Accordingly, we used the well-defined rat PCO model, where PCO is induced by a single intramuscular (i.m.) injection of estradiol valerate (EV), and compared the model with oil-injected controls. We studied the ovarian expression of the alpha1- and beta2-adrenoceptors (ARs), the neurotrophin receptor p75 (p75NTR), and the sympathetic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) at two time points: 30 and 60 days after EV injection. Our data demonstrate for the first time that all of the alpha1-AR subtypes are expressed in normal rat ovaries at both the mRNA and the protein levels. Furthermore, the expression of the alpha1-AR subtypes was differentially modulated in a time- and subtype-dependent manner in rats with EV-induced PCO. The ovaries in rats with steroid-induced PCO are characterised by an early overexpression of these molecules and p75NTR, while the beta2-AR was downregulated. An increase in the expression of ovarian TH after EV injection was also detected, suggesting a structural and functional remodelling of ovarian sympathetic innervation in PCO rats. Our evidence strongly indicates that the role of the sympathetic nervous system is crucial in the pathogenesis of EV-induced PCO. Overall, our findings suggest that therapeutical approaches aimed at down-regulating the sympathetic tone to the ovary could be useful in the prevention and clinical treatment of PCOS.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Western/methods
- Disease Models, Animal
- Estradiol/analogs & derivatives
- Female
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique/methods
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/chemically induced
- Polycystic Ovary Syndrome/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred WKY
- Receptor, Nerve Growth Factor
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/genetics
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2/metabolism
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods
- Time Factors
- Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Manni
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, Göteborg SE-413 45, Sweden
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Manni L, Lundeberg T, Holmäng A, Aloe L, Stener-Victorin E. Effect of electro-acupuncture on ovarian expression of alpha (1)- and beta (2)-adrenoceptors, and p75 neurotrophin receptors in rats with steroid-induced polycystic ovaries. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2005; 3:21. [PMID: 15941472 PMCID: PMC1175857 DOI: 10.1186/1477-7827-3-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2005] [Accepted: 06/07/2005] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Estradiol valerate (EV)-induced polycystic ovaries (PCO) in rats is associated with an increase in ovarian sympathetic outflow. Low-frequency (2 Hz) electro-acupuncture (EA) has been shown to modulate sympathetic markers as well as ovarian blood flow as a reflex response via the ovarian sympathetic nerves, in rats with EV-induced PCO. METHODS In the present study, we further tested the hypothesis that repeated 2 Hz EA treatments modulate ovarian sympathetic outflow in rats with PCO, induced by a single i.m. injection of EV, by investigating the mRNA expression, the amount and distribution of proteins of alpha1a-, alpha1b-, alpha1d-, and beta2-adrenoceptors (ARs), as well as the low-affinity neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR). RESULTS It was found that EV injection results in significantly higher mRNA expression of ovarian alpha1b- and alpha1d-AR in PCO rats compared to control rats. The p75NTR and beta2-ARs mRNA expression were unchanged in the PCO ovary. Low-frequency EA resulted in a significantly lower expression of beta2-ARs mRNA expression in PCO rats. The p75NTR mRNA was unaffected in both PCO and control rats. PCO ovaries displayed significantly higher amount of protein of alpha1a-, alpha1b- and alpha1d-ARs, and of p75NTR, compared to control rats, that were all counteracted by repeated low-frequency EA treatments, except for alpha1b-AR. CONCLUSION The present study shows that EA normalizes most of the EV-induced changes in ovarian ARs. Furthermore, EA was able to prevent the EV-induced up regulation of p75NTR, probably by normalizing the sympathetic ovarian response to NGF action. Our data indicate a possible role of EA in the regulation of ovarian responsiveness to sympathetic inputs and depict a possible complementary therapeutic approach to overcoming sympathetic-related anovulation in women with PCOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Manni
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Lundeberg
- Rehabilitation Medicine, Karolinska Hospital, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Luigi Aloe
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine (CNR), Rome, Italy
| | - Elisabet Stener-Victorin
- Cardiovascular Institute and Wallenberg Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Sahlgrenska, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden
- Institute of Occupational Therapy and Physical Therapy, Sahlgrenska Academy, Göteborg University, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Korotkova M, Gabrielsson BG, Holmäng A, Larsson BM, Hanson LA, Strandvik B. Gender-related long-term effects in adult rats by perinatal dietary ratio of n-6/n-3 fatty acids. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2005; 288:R575-9. [PMID: 15699360 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00342.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies in humans have shown that perinatal nutrition affects health later in life. We have previously shown that the ratio of n-6 to n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in the maternal diet affects serum leptin levels and growth of the suckling pups. The aim of the present study was to investigate the long-term effects of various ratios of the dietary n-6 and n-3 PUFA during the perinatal period on serum leptin, insulin, and triacylglycerol, as well as body growth in the adult offspring. During late gestation and throughout lactation, rats were fed an isocaloric diet containing 7 wt% fat, either as linseed oil (n-3 diet), soybean oil (n-6/n-3 diet), or sunflower oil (n-6 diet). At 3 wk of age, the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratios in the serum phospholipids of the offspring were 2.5, 8.3, and 17.5, respectively. After weaning, all pups were given a standard chow. At the 28th postnatal wk, mean body weight and fasting insulin levels were significantly increased in the rats fed the n-6/n-3 diet perinatally compared with the other groups. The systolic blood pressure and serum triacylglycerol levels were only increased in adult male rats of the same group. These data suggest that the balance between n-6 and n-3 PUFA during perinatal development affects several metabolic parameters in adulthood, especially in the male animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Korotkova
- Dept. of Pediatrics, The Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, SU/Ostra, SE 41685 Göteborg, Sweden.
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Améen C, Lindén D, Larsson BM, Mode A, Holmäng A, Oscarsson J. Effects of gender and GH secretory pattern on sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c and its target genes in rat liver. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2004; 287:E1039-48. [PMID: 15280151 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00059.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether the sexually dimorphic secretory pattern of growth hormone (GH) in the rat regulates hepatic gene expression of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) and its target genes. SREBP-1c, fatty acid synthase (FAS), and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) mRNA were more abundant in female than in male livers, whereas acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 (ACC1) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) were similarly expressed in both sexes. Hypophysectomized female rats were given GH as a continuous infusion or as two daily injections for 7 days to mimic the female- and male-specific GH secretory patterns, respectively. The female pattern of GH administration increased the expression of SREBP-1c, ACC1, FAS, SCD-1, and GPAT mRNA, whereas the male pattern of GH administration increased only SCD-1 mRNA. FAS and SCD-1 protein levels were regulated in a similar manner by GH. Incubation of primary rat hepatocytes with GH increased SCD-1 mRNA levels and decreased FAS and GPAT mRNA levels but had no effect on SREBP-1c mRNA. GH decreased hepatic liver X receptor-alpha (LXRalpha) mRNA levels both in vivo and in vitro. Feminization of the GH plasma pattern in male rats by administration of GH as a continuous infusion decreased insulin sensitivity and increased expression of FAS and GPAT mRNA but had no effect on SREBP-1c, ACC1, SCD-1, or LXRalpha mRNA. In conclusion, FAS and GPAT are specifically upregulated by the female secretory pattern of GH. This regulation is not a direct effect of GH on hepatocytes and does not involve changed expression of SREBP-1c or LXRalpha mRNA but is associated with decreased insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Améen
- Wallenberg Laboratory for Cardiovascular Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, SE-413 45 Göteborg, Sweden.
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