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Chorell E, Otten J, Stomby A, Ryberg M, Waling M, Hauksson J, Svensson M, Olsson T. Improved Peripheral and Hepatic Insulin Sensitivity after Lifestyle Interventions in Type 2 Diabetes Is Associated with Specific Metabolomic and Lipidomic Signatures in Skeletal Muscle and Plasma. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11120834. [PMID: 34940592 PMCID: PMC8708788 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11120834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle interventions with weight loss can improve insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but mechanisms are unclear. We explored circulating and skeletal muscle metabolite signatures of altered peripheral (pIS) and hepatic insulin sensitivity (hIS) in overweight and obese T2D individuals that were randomly assigned a 12-week Paleolithic-type diet with (diet-ex, n = 13) or without (diet, n = 13) supervised exercise. Baseline and post-intervention measures included: mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and lipidomics of skeletal muscle and plasma; pIS and hIS; ectopic lipid deposits in the liver and skeletal muscle; and skeletal muscle fat oxidation rate. Both groups lowered BMI and total % fat mass and increased their pIS. Only the diet-group improved hIS and reduced ectopic lipids in the liver and muscle. The combined improvement in pIS and hIS in the diet-group were associated with decreases in muscle and circulating branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolites, specifically valine. Improved pIS with diet-ex was instead linked to increased diacylglycerol (34:2) and triacylglycerol (56:0) and decreased phosphatidylcholine (34:3) in muscle coupled with improved muscle fat oxidation rate. This suggests a tissue crosstalk involving BCAA-metabolites after diet intervention with improved pIS and hIS, reflecting reduced lipid influx. Increased skeletal muscle lipid utilization with exercise may prevent specific lipid accumulation at sites that perturb insulin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (J.O.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (T.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(0)90-785-1326
| | - Julia Otten
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (J.O.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Andreas Stomby
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (J.O.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (J.O.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (T.O.)
| | - Maria Waling
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Science, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Jon Hauksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Michael Svensson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section of Sports Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, Sweden; (J.O.); (A.S.); (M.R.); (T.O.)
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Otten J, Stomby A, Waling M, Chorell E, Ryberg M, Svensson M, Holst JJ, Olsson T. The liver-alpha-cell axis after a mixed meal and during weight loss in type 2 diabetes. Endocr Connect 2021; 10:1101-1110. [PMID: 34382579 PMCID: PMC8494406 DOI: 10.1530/ec-21-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucagon and amino acids may be regulated in a feedback loop called the liver-alpha-cell axis with alanine or glutamine as suggested signal molecules. We assessed this concept in individuals with type 2 diabetes in the fasting state, after ingestion of a protein-rich meal, and during weight loss. Moreover, we investigated if postprandial glucagon secretion and hepatic insulin sensitivity were related. METHODS This is a secondary analysis of a 12-week weight-loss trial (Paleolithic diet ± exercise) in 29 individuals with type 2 diabetes. Before and after the intervention, plasma glucagon and amino acids were measured in the fasting state and during 180 min after a protein-rich mixed meal. Hepatic insulin sensitivity was measured using the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with [6,6-2H2]glucose as a tracer. RESULTS The postprandial increase of plasma glucagon was associated with the postprandial increase of alanine and several other amino acids but not glutamine. In the fasted state and after the meal, glucagon levels were negatively correlated with hepatic insulin sensitivity (rS = -0.51/r = -0.58, respectively; both P < 0.05). Improved hepatic insulin sensitivity with weight loss was correlated with decreased postprandial glucagon response (r = -0.78; P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Several amino acids, notably alanine, but not glutamine could be key signals to the alpha cell to increase glucagon secretion. Amino acids may be part of a feedback mechanism as glucagon increases endogenous glucose production and ureagenesis in the liver. Moreover, postprandial glucagon secretion seems to be tightly related to hepatic insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Otten
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Otten:
| | - Andreas Stomby
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Region Jönköping County, Jönköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Waling
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Culinary Science, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Michael Svensson
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Section for Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå Sweden
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- NNF Center for Basic Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Sjögren RJO, Rizo-Roca D, Chibalin AV, Chorell E, Furrer R, Katayama S, Harada J, Karlsson HKR, Handschin C, Moritz T, Krook A, Näslund E, Zierath JR. Branched-chain amino acid metabolism is regulated by ERRα in primary human myotubes and is further impaired by glucose loading in type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:2077-2091. [PMID: 34131782 PMCID: PMC8382616 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05481-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Increased levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with type 2 diabetes pathogenesis. However, most metabolomic studies are limited to an analysis of plasma metabolites under fasting conditions, rather than the dynamic shift in response to a metabolic challenge. Moreover, metabolomic profiles of peripheral tissues involved in glucose homeostasis are scarce and the transcriptomic regulation of genes involved in BCAA catabolism is partially unknown. This study aimed to identify differences in circulating and skeletal muscle BCAA levels in response to an OGTT in individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes. Additionally, transcription factors involved in the regulation of the BCAA gene set were identified. METHODS Plasma and vastus lateralis muscle biopsies were obtained from individuals with NGT or type 2 diabetes before and after an OGTT. Plasma and quadriceps muscles were harvested from skeletal muscle-specific Ppargc1a knockout and transgenic mice. BCAA-related metabolites and genes were assessed by LC-MS/MS and quantitative RT-PCR, respectively. Small interfering RNA and adenovirus-mediated overexpression techniques were used in primary human skeletal muscle cells to study the role of PPARGC1A and ESRRA in the expression of the BCAA gene set. Radiolabelled leucine was used to analyse the impact of oestrogen-related receptor α (ERRα) knockdown on leucine oxidation. RESULTS Impairments in BCAA catabolism in people with type 2 diabetes under fasting conditions were exacerbated after a glucose load. Branched-chain keto acids were reduced 37-56% after an OGTT in the NGT group, whereas no changes were detected in individuals with type 2 diabetes. These changes were concomitant with a stronger correlation with glucose homeostasis biomarkers and downregulated expression of branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2, branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase complex subunits and 69% of downstream BCAA-related genes in skeletal muscle. In primary human myotubes overexpressing peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α, encoded by PPARGC1A), 61% of the analysed BCAA genes were upregulated, while 67% were downregulated in the quadriceps of skeletal muscle-specific Ppargc1a knockout mice. ESRRA (encoding ERRα) silencing completely abrogated the PGC-1α-induced upregulation of BCAA-related genes in primary human myotubes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Metabolic inflexibility in type 2 diabetes impacts BCAA homeostasis and attenuates the decrease in circulating and skeletal muscle BCAA-related metabolites after a glucose challenge. Transcriptional regulation of BCAA genes in primary human myotubes via PGC-1α is ERRα-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasmus J O Sjögren
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Rizo-Roca
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Shintaro Katayama
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jun Harada
- Cardiovascular-Metabolics Research Laboratories, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Håkan K R Karlsson
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Thomas Moritz
- Swedish Metabolomics Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Anna Krook
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erik Näslund
- Division of Surgery, Department of Clinical Sciences, Danderyd Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Integrative Physiology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Mendham AE, Goedecke JH, Zeng Y, Larsen S, George C, Hauksson J, Fortuin-de Smidt MC, Chibalin AV, Olsson T, Chorell E. Exercise training improves mitochondrial respiration and is associated with an altered intramuscular phospholipid signature in women with obesity. Diabetologia 2021; 64:1642-1659. [PMID: 33770195 PMCID: PMC8187207 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We sought to determine putative relationships among improved mitochondrial respiration, insulin sensitivity and altered skeletal muscle lipids and metabolite signature in response to combined aerobic and resistance training in women with obesity. METHODS This study reports a secondary analysis of a randomised controlled trial including additional measures of mitochondrial respiration, skeletal muscle lipidomics, metabolomics and protein content. Women with obesity were randomised into 12 weeks of combined aerobic and resistance exercise training (n = 20) or control (n = 15) groups. Pre- and post-intervention testing included peak oxygen consumption, whole-body insulin sensitivity (intravenous glucose tolerance test), skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration (high-resolution respirometry), lipidomics and metabolomics (mass spectrometry) and lipid content (magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy). Proteins involved in glucose transport (i.e. GLUT4) and lipid turnover (i.e. sphingomyelin synthase 1 and 2) were assessed by western blotting. RESULTS The original randomised controlled trial showed that exercise training increased insulin sensitivity (median [IQR]; 3.4 [2.0-4.6] to 3.6 [2.4-6.2] x10-5 pmol l-1 min-1), peak oxygen consumption (mean ± SD; 24.9 ± 2.4 to 27.6 ± 3.4 ml kg-1 min-1), and decreased body weight (84.1 ± 8.7 to 83.3 ± 9.7 kg), with an increase in weight (pre intervention, 87.8± 10.9 to post intervention 88.8 ± 11.0 kg) in the control group (interaction p < 0.05). The current study shows an increase in mitochondrial respiration and content in response to exercise training (interaction p < 0.05). The metabolite and lipid signature at baseline were significantly associated with mitochondrial respiratory capacity (p < 0.05) but were not associated with whole-body insulin sensitivity or GLUT4 protein content. Exercise training significantly altered the skeletal muscle lipid profile, increasing specific diacylglycerol(32:2) and ceramide(d18:1/24:0) levels, without changes in other intermediates or total content of diacylglycerol and ceramide. The total content of cardiolipin, phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) increased with exercise training with a decrease in the PC:PE ratios containing 22:5 and 20:4 fatty acids. These changes were associated with content-driven increases in mitochondrial respiration (p < 0.05), but not with the increase in whole-body insulin sensitivity or GLUT4 protein content. Exercise training increased sphingomyelin synthase 1 (p < 0.05), with no change in plasma-membrane-located sphingomyelin synthase 2. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The major findings of our study were that exercise training altered specific intramuscular lipid intermediates, associated with content-driven increases in mitochondrial respiration but not whole-body insulin sensitivity. This highlights the benefits of exercise training and presents putative target pathways for preventing lipotoxicity in skeletal muscle, which is typically associated with the development of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Mendham
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Yingxu Zeng
- Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, Hainan, China
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Steen Larsen
- Center for Healthy Aging, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Clinical Research Centre, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - Cindy George
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jon Hauksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Radiation Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Alexander V Chibalin
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Goedecke JH, Chorell E, van Jaarsveld PJ, Risérus U, Olsson T. Fatty Acid Metabolism and Associations with Insulin Sensitivity Differs Between Black and White South African Women. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e140-e151. [PMID: 32995848 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Genetic differences in desaturase genes and consequently fatty acid metabolism have been reported. The aims were to examine ethnic differences in serum fatty acid composition and desaturase indices, and assess the ethnic-specific associations with insulin sensitivity (IS) and liver fat in black and white South African (SA) women. METHODS In this cross-sectional study including 92 premenopausal black (n = 46) and white (n = 46) SA women, serum fatty acid composition was measured in cholesteryl ester (CE) and nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) fractions. Desaturase activities were estimated as product-to-precursor ratios: stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1-16, 16:1n-7/16:0); δ-5 desaturase (D5D, 20:4n-6/20:3n-6), and δ-6 desaturase (D6D, 18:3n-6/18:2n-6). Whole-body IS was estimated from an oral glucose tolerance test using the Matsuda index. In a subsample (n = 30), liver fat and hepatic IS were measured by 1H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy and hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamp, respectively. RESULTS Despite lower whole-body IS (P = .006), black women had higher CE D5D and lower D6D and SCD1-16 indices than white women (P < .01). CE D6D index was associated with lower IS in white women only (r = -0.31, P = .045), whereas D5D index was associated with higher IS in black women only (r = 0.31, P = .041). In the subsample, D6D and SCD1-16 indices were positively and D5D was negatively associated with liver fat (P < .05). Conversely, CE SCD1-16 was negatively associated with hepatic IS (P < .05), but not independently of liver fat. CONCLUSIONS Ethnic differences in fatty acid-derived desaturation indices were observed, with insulin-resistant black SA women paradoxically showing a fatty acid pattern typical for higher insulin sensitivity in European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Goedecke
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Paul J van Jaarsveld
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Chorell E, Olsson T, Jansson JH, Wennberg P. Lysophospholipids as Predictive Markers of ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI) and Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI). Metabolites 2020; 11:metabo11010025. [PMID: 33396480 PMCID: PMC7823877 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study explored patterns of circulating metabolites and proteins that can predict future risk for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We conducted a prospective nested case-control study in northern Sweden in individuals who developed STEMI (N = 50) and NSTEMI (N = 50) within 5 years and individually matched controls (N = 100). Fasted plasma samples were subjected to multiplatform mass spectrometry-based metabolomics and multiplex protein analyses. Multivariate analyses were used to elucidate infarction-specific metabolite and protein risk profiles associated with future incident STEMI and NSTEMI. We found that altered lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) to lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE) ratio predicted STEMI and NSTEMI events in different ways. In STEMI, lysophospholipids (mainly LPEs) were lower, whereas in NSTEMI, lysophospholipids (mainly LPEs) were higher. We found a similar response for all detected lysophospholipids but significant alterations only for those containing linoleic acid (C18:2, p < 0.05). Patients with STEMI had higher secretoglobin family 3A member 2 and tartrate-resistant acid phosphate type 5 and lower platelet-derived growth factor subunit A, which are proteins associated with atherosclerosis severity and plaque development mediated via altered phospholipid metabolism. In contrast, patients with NSTEMI had higher levels of proteins associated with inflammation and macrophage activation, including interleukin 6, C-reactive protein, chemerin, and cathepsin X and D. The STEMI risk marker profile includes factors closely related to the development of unstable plaque, including a higher LPC:LPE ratio, whereas NSTEMI is characterized by a lower LPC:LPE ratio and increased inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-(0)90-785-1326
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Jan-Håkan Jansson
- Research Unit Skellefteå, Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Family Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, 90187 Umeå, Sweden;
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Bergman F, Matsson-Frost T, Jonasson L, Chorell E, Sörlin A, Wennberg P, Öhberg F, Ryberg M, Levine JA, Olsson T, Boraxbekk CJ. Walking Time Is Associated With Hippocampal Volume in Overweight and Obese Office Workers. Front Hum Neurosci 2020; 14:307. [PMID: 32973475 PMCID: PMC7468418 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2020.00307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: To investigate the long-term effects on cognition and brain function after installing treadmill workstations in offices for 13 months. Methods: Eighty healthy overweight or obese office workers aged 40–67 years were individually randomized to an intervention group, receiving a treadmill workstation and encouraging emails, or to a control group, continuing to work as usual. Effects on cognitive function, hippocampal volume, prefrontal cortex (PFC) thickness, and circulating brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) were analyzed. Further, mediation analyses between changes in walking time and light-intensity physical activity (LPA) on changes in BDNF and hippocampal volume between baseline and 13 months, and multivariate analyses of the baseline data with percentage sitting time as the response variable, were performed. Results: No group by time interactions were observed for any of the outcomes. In the mediation analyses, positive associations between changes in walking time and LPA on changes in hippocampal volume were observed, although not mediated by changes in BDNF levels. In the multivariate analyses, a negative association between percentage sitting time and hippocampal volume was observed, however only among those older than 51 years of age. Conclusion: Although no group by time interactions were observed, our analyses suggest that increased walking and LPA may have positive effects on hippocampal volume and that sedentary behavior is associated with brain structures of importance for memory functions. Trial Registration: www.ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT01997970.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frida Bergman
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tove Matsson-Frost
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Lars Jonasson
- Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ann Sörlin
- Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Patrik Wennberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Öhberg
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - James A Levine
- Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.,Fondation IPSEN, Paris, France
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Carl-Johan Boraxbekk
- Umeå Center for Functional Brain Imaging (UFBI), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.,Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance (DRCMR), Centre for Functional and Diagnostic Imaging and Research, Copenhagen University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark.,Institute of Sports Medicine Copenhagen (ISMC), Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Nono Nankam PA, van Jaarsveld PJ, Chorell E, Fortuin-de Smidt MC, Adams K, Blüher M, Olsson T, Mendham AE, Goedecke JH. Circulating and Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Composition in Black South African Women with Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061619. [PMID: 32486525 PMCID: PMC7352715 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims: During positive energy balance, excess lipid storage in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) is associated with increased lipolysis. Elevated circulating fatty acid (FA) concentrations from both SAT lipolysis and dietary fat intake may result in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) accumulation, impairment of glucose metabolism, altogether increasing obesity-associated metabolic risks. We aimed to test the hypothesis that FA composition of red blood cell total phospholipids (RBC-TPL) and SAT is associated with body fat centralisation (VAT/SAT ratio) and insulin sensitivity (SI) in black South African women with obesity. Methods: Participants’ (n = 41) body fat composition and distribution, SI, and RBC-TPL, abdominal and gluteal SAT (gSAT) FA composition (gas-liquid chromatography) were measured. Results: RBC-TPL contained higher proportions of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) than SAT (p < 0.001), which were associated with lower SI (p < 0.05). Mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1)-16 were lower, while poly-unsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), and delta-5 and delta-6 desaturase indices were higher in RBC-TPL than SAT (p < 0.001). Interestingly, FA profiles differed between SAT depots with higher SFAs and lower MUFAs, SCD1-16 and SCD1-18 indices in abdominal compared to gluteal SAT (p < 0.01). In both SAT depots, higher SFAs and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) correlated with lower VAT/SAT ratio; and lower PUFAs (n-3 and n-6) and higher total MUFA correlated with higher SI. Conclusion: Our findings confirm the relationships between the FA composition of RBC-TPL and SAT and metabolic risk in black women with obesity, which are dependent on both the FA class, and the tissue type/blood compartment in which they are distributed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela A. Nono Nankam
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (M.C.F.-d.S.); (K.A.); (A.E.M.); (J.H.G.)
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-341-97-13400
| | - Paul J. van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
- Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg 7505, South Africa
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-907 42 Umeå, Sweden; (E.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Melony C. Fortuin-de Smidt
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (M.C.F.-d.S.); (K.A.); (A.E.M.); (J.H.G.)
| | - Kevin Adams
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (M.C.F.-d.S.); (K.A.); (A.E.M.); (J.H.G.)
| | - Matthias Blüher
- Department of Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Helmholtz Institute for Metabolic, Obesity and Vascular Research (HI-MAG) of the Helmholtz Zentrum München at the University of Leipzig and University Hospital Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-907 42 Umeå, Sweden; (E.C.); (T.O.)
| | - Amy E. Mendham
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (M.C.F.-d.S.); (K.A.); (A.E.M.); (J.H.G.)
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7700, South Africa; (M.C.F.-d.S.); (K.A.); (A.E.M.); (J.H.G.)
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town 7505, South Africa;
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9
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Otten J, Ryberg M, Mellberg C, Andersson T, Chorell E, Lindahl B, Larsson C, Holst JJ, Olsson T. Postprandial levels of GLP-1, GIP and glucagon after 2 years of weight loss with a Paleolithic diet: a randomised controlled trial in healthy obese women. Eur J Endocrinol 2019; 180:417-427. [PMID: 31042670 PMCID: PMC6528411 DOI: 10.1530/eje-19-0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate how weight loss by different diets impacts postprandial levels of glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon. Methods In this single-centre, parallel group 2-year trial, 70 healthy postmenopausal obese women were randomised to the Paleolithic diet or a healthy control diet based on Nordic Nutrition Recommendations. Both diets were without calorie restriction. The primary outcome was the change in fat mass. Here, secondary analyses on GLP-1, GIP and glucagon measured during an OGTT are described. Results In the Paleolithic diet group, mean weight loss compared to baseline was 11% at 6 months and 10% at 24 months. In the control diet group, mean weight loss was 6% after 6 and 24 months (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.049 for the comparison between groups at 6 and 24 months respectively). Compared to baseline, the mean incremental area under the curve (iAUC) for GLP-1 increased by 34 and 45% after 6 and 24 months in the Paleolithic diet group and increased by 59% after 24 months in the control diet group. The mean iAUC for GIP increased only in the Paleolithic diet group. The area under the curve (AUC) for glucagon increased during the first 6 months in both groups. The fasting glucagon increase correlated with the β-hydroxybutyrate increase. Conclusions Weight loss caused an increase in postprandial GLP-1 levels and a further rise occurred during weight maintenance. Postprandial GIP levels increased only after the Paleolithic diet. Reduced postprandial glucagon suppression may be caused by a catabolic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Otten
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Correspondence should be addressed to J Otten;
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Mellberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tomas Andersson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition, and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- NNF Center for Basal Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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10
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Zeng Y, Mtintsilana A, Goedecke JH, Micklesfield LK, Olsson T, Chorell E. Alterations in the metabolism of phospholipids, bile acids and branched-chain amino acids predicts development of type 2 diabetes in black South African women: a prospective cohort study. Metabolism 2019; 95:57-64. [PMID: 30954560 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2019.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND South Africa (SA) has the highest global projected increase in diabetes risk. Factors typically associated with insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes risk in Caucasians are not significant correlates in black African populations. Therefore, we aimed to identify circulating metabolite patterns that predict type 2 diabetes development in this high-risk, yet understudied SA population. METHODS We conducted a prospective cohort study in black SA women with normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Participants were followed for 13 years and developed (i) type 2 diabetes (n = 20, NGT-T2D), (ii) impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) (n = 27, NGT-IGT), or (iii) remained NGT (n = 28, NGT-NGT). Mass-spectrometry based metabolomics and multivariate analyses were used to elucidate metabolite patterns at baseline and at follow-up that were associated with type 2 diabetes development. RESULTS Metabolites of phospholipid, bile acid and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism, differed significantly between the NGT-T2D and NGT-NGT groups. At baseline: the NGT-T2D group had i) a higher lysophosphatidylcholine:lysophosphatidylethanolamine ratio containing linoleic acid (LPC(C18:2):LPE(C18:2)), ii) lower proliferation-related bile acids (ursodeoxycholic- and chenodeoxycholic acid), iii) higher levels of leucine and its catabolic intermediates (ketoleucine and C5-carnitine), compared to the NGT-NGT group. At follow-up: the NGT-T2D group had i) lower LPC(C18:2) levels, ii) higher apoptosis-related bile acids (deoxycholic- and glycodeoxycholic acid), and iii) higher levels of all BCAAs and their catabolic intermediates. CONCLUSIONS Changes in lysophospholipid metabolism and the bile acid pool occur during the development of type 2 diabetes in black South African women. Further, impaired leucine catabolism precedes valine and isoleucine catabolism in the development of type 2 diabetes. These metabolite patterns can be useful to identify and monitor type 2 diabetes risk >10 years prior to disease onset and provide insight into the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in this high risk, but under-studied population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxu Zeng
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Asanda Mtintsilana
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- MRC/Wits Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden.
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11
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Mtintsilana A, Micklesfield LK, Chorell E, Olsson T, Shivappa N, Hebert JR, Kengne AP, Goedecke JH. Adiposity Mediates the Association between the Dietary Inflammatory Index and Markers of Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Middle-Aged Black South African Women. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1246. [PMID: 31159253 PMCID: PMC6628082 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary inflammatory index (DII®), a validated tool used to measure the inflammatory potential of the diet, has been associated with metabolic disorders in various settings, but not in African populations. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the DII is associated with markers of type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk, and if this association is mediated by adiposity and/or low-grade inflammation, in black South Africa women. Energy-adjusted-DII (E-DII) scores were calculated in 190 women (median age, 53 years) from the Birth-to-Twenty plus cohort using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Fasting glucose, insulin, HbA1c, and inflammatory cytokines were measured, and an oral glucose tolerance test performed. Basic anthropometry and dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry-derived body fat, including estimate of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) area, were measured. E-DII scores were associated with all markers of T2D risk, namely, fasting glucose and insulin, HbA1c, HOMA2-IR, two-hour glucose and Matsuda index (all p < 0.05). After adjusting for age, measures of adiposity, but not inflammatory cytokines, mediated the association between E-DII and markers of T2D risk (p < 0.05). Measures of central obesity had proportionally higher (range: 23.5-100%) mediation effects than total obesity (range: 10-60%). The E-DII is associated with T2D risk through obesity, in particular central obesity, among black middle-aged South African women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asanda Mtintsilana
- South African Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- South African Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7725, South Africa.
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, SE-901 87 Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Nitin Shivappa
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 400, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
| | - James R Hebert
- Cancer Prevention and Control Program, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 200, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, 915 Greene Street, Suite 400, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
- Connecting Health Innovations, LLC, 1417 Gregg Street, Columbia, SC 29201, USA.
| | - Andre P Kengne
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- South African Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town 7725, South Africa.
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Francie Van Zijl, Parow Valley, Cape Town 7505, South Africa.
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12
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Mtintsilana A, Micklesfield LK, Chorell E, Olsson T, Goedecke JH. Fat redistribution and accumulation of visceral adipose tissue predicts type 2 diabetes risk in middle-aged black South African women: a 13-year longitudinal study. Nutr Diabetes 2019; 9:12. [PMID: 30918247 PMCID: PMC6437211 DOI: 10.1038/s41387-019-0079-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cross-sectional studies in South Africa (SA) have shown that black SA women, despite being more insulin resistant, have less visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and more subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) than white women. This study aimed to investigate whether baseline and/or change in body fat and its distribution predict type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk in middle-aged black SA women, 13 years later. Methods We studied 142 black SA women who are the caregivers of the Birth-to-Twenty plus cohort, and who had normal glucose tolerance (NGT) at baseline. At baseline and follow-up, fasting blood samples, basic anthropometry and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry-derived body composition were measured. At follow-up, an oral glucose tolerance test was completed. The WHO diabetes diagnostic criteria were used to define NGT, impaired fasting glucose (IFG)/impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and T2D. Results At follow-up, 64% of participants remained NGT, whereas 25% developed IGM, and 11% developed T2D. The IGM and the T2D groups were combined for statistical analyses. At baseline, trunk fat mass (FM), VAT but not SAT (measures of central FM) were higher in the IGM/T2D group than the NGT group (p < 0.0001). In contrast, the IGM/T2D group had lower leg %FM at baseline than the NGT group (p < 0.0001). Baseline trunk FM (Odds ratio per 1 kg increase (95% confidence interval, 1.95 (1.43–2.67))), and VAT (OR per 10 cm2 increase, 1.25 (1.10–1.42)), and the change in VAT (1.12 (1.03–1.23)) were associated with greater odds of developing IGM/T2D, whereas baseline leg FM (OR per 1 kg increase, 0.55 (0.41–0.73)) were associated with reduced IGM/T2D risk at follow-up (p < 0.05). Conclusions Relative fat redistribution, with VAT accumulation, predicted the development of IGM/T2D 13 years before its onset. Prevention of central obesity is a key factor to reduce the risk of developing T2D among middle-aged urban black SA women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asanda Mtintsilana
- South African Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- South African Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Julia H Goedecke
- South African Medical Research Council/University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Department of Paediatrics, University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa. .,Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.
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13
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Goedecke JH, Mendham AE, Clamp L, Nono Nankam PA, Fortuin-de Smidt MC, Phiri L, Micklesfield LK, Keswell D, Woudberg NJ, Lecour S, Alhamud A, Kaba M, Lutomia FM, van Jaarsveld PJ, de Villiers A, Kahn SE, Chorell E, Hauksson J, Olsson T. An Exercise Intervention to Unravel the Mechanisms Underlying Insulin Resistance in a Cohort of Black South African Women: Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial and Baseline Characteristics of Participants. JMIR Res Protoc 2018; 7:e75. [PMID: 29669711 PMCID: PMC5932332 DOI: 10.2196/resprot.9098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in black African women is complex and differs from that in their white counterparts. However, earlier studies have been cross-sectional and provide little insight into the causal pathways. Exercise training is consistently used as a model to examine the mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and risk for T2D. Objective The objective of the study was to examine the mechanisms underlying the changes in insulin sensitivity and secretion in response to a 12-week exercise intervention in obese black South African (SA) women. Methods A total of 45 obese (body mass index, BMI: 30-40 kg/m2) black SA women were randomized into a control (n=22) or experimental (exercise; n=23) group. The exercise group completed 12 weeks of supervised combined aerobic and resistance training (40-60 min, 4 days/week), while the control group maintained their typical physical activity patterns, and both groups were requested not to change their dietary patterns. Before and following the 12-week intervention period, insulin sensitivity and secretion (frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test) and its primary and secondary determinants were measured. Dietary intake, sleep quality and quantity, physical activity, and sedentary behaviors were measured every 4 weeks. Results The final sample included 20 exercise and 15 control participants. Baseline sociodemographics, cardiorespiratory fitness, anthropometry, cardiometabolic risk factors, physical activity, and diet did not differ between the groups (P>.05). Conclusions The study describes a research protocol for an exercise intervention to understand the mechanisms underlying insulin sensitivity and secretion in obese black SA women and aims to identify causal pathways underlying the high prevalence of insulin resistance and risk for T2D in black SA women, targeting specific areas for therapeutic intervention. Trial Registration Pan African Clinical Trial Registry PACTR201711002789113; http://www.pactr.org/ATMWeb/ appmanager/atm/atmregistry?_nfpb=true&_pageLabel=portals_app_atmregistry_portal_page_13 (Archived by WebCite at http://www.webcitation.org/6xLEFqKr0)
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia H Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Amy E Mendham
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Louise Clamp
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Pamela A Nono Nankam
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Melony C Fortuin-de Smidt
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lindokuhle Phiri
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Lisa K Micklesfield
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,South African Medical Research Council / University of the Witwatersrand Developmental Pathways for Health Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Gauteng, South Africa
| | - Dheshnie Keswell
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Nicholas J Woudberg
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sandrine Lecour
- Hatter Institute for Cardiovascular Research in Africa, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ali Alhamud
- Division of Biomedical Engineering, Department of Human Biology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mamadou Kaba
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Faith M Lutomia
- Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Paul J van Jaarsveld
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Anniza de Villiers
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Steven E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - Jon Hauksson
- Department of Radiation Sciences, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
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14
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Blomquist C, Chorell E, Ryberg M, Mellberg C, Worrsjö E, Makoveichuk E, Larsson C, Lindahl B, Olivecrona G, Olsson T. Decreased lipogenesis-promoting factors in adipose tissue in postmenopausal women with overweight on a Paleolithic-type diet. Eur J Nutr 2017; 57:2877-2886. [PMID: 29075849 PMCID: PMC6267391 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1558-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Purpose We studied effects of diet-induced postmenopausal weight loss on gene expression and activity of proteins involved in lipogenesis and lipolysis in adipose tissue. Methods Fifty-eight postmenopausal women with overweight (BMI 32.5 ± 5.5) were randomized to eat an ad libitum Paleolithic-type diet (PD) aiming for a high intake of protein and unsaturated fatty acids or a prudent control diet (CD) for 24 months. Anthropometry, plasma adipokines, gene expression of proteins involved in fat metabolism in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and mass in SAT were measured at baseline and after 6 months. LPL mass and activity were also measured after 24 months. Results The PD led to improved insulin sensitivity (P < 0.01) and decreased circulating triglycerides (P < 0.001), lipogenesis-related factors, including LPL mRNA (P < 0.05), mass (P < 0.01), and activity (P < 0.001); as well as gene expressions of CD36 (P < 0.05), fatty acid synthase, FAS (P < 0.001) and diglyceride acyltransferase 2, DGAT2 (P < 0.001). The LPL activity (P < 0.05) and gene expression of DGAT2 (P < 0.05) and FAS (P < 0.05) were significantly lowered in the PD group versus the CD group at 6 months and the LPL activity (P < 0.05) remained significantly lowered in the PD group compared to the CD group at 24 months. Conclusions Compared to the CD, the PD led to a more pronounced reduction of lipogenesis-promoting factors in SAT among postmenopausal women with overweight. This could have mediated the favorable metabolic effects of the PD on triglyceride levels and insulin sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Blomquist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden.
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Mellberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Evelina Worrsjö
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elena Makoveichuk
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, By 6M, M31, SE-901 87, Umeå, Sweden
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15
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Abstract
CONTEXT Gestational diabetes is commonly linked to development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). There is a need to characterize metabolic changes associated with gestational diabetes in order to find novel biomarkers for T2DM. OBJECTIVE To find potential pathophysiological mechanisms and markers for progression from gestational diabetes mellitus to T2DM by studying the metabolic transition from pregnancy to postpartum. DESIGN The metabolic transition profile from pregnancy to postpartum was characterized in 56 women by mass spectrometry-based metabolomics; 11 women had gestational diabetes mellitus, 24 had normal glucose tolerance, and 21 were normoglycaemic but at increased risk for gestational diabetes mellitus. Fasting serum samples collected during trimester 3 (gestational week 32±0.6) and postpartum (10.5±0.4months) were compared in diagnosis-specific multivariate models (orthogonal partial least squares analysis). Clinical measurements (e.g., insulin, glucose, lipid levels) were compared and models of insulin sensitivity and resistance were calculated for the same time period. RESULTS Women with gestational diabetes had significantly increased postpartum levels of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) leucine, isoleucine, and valine, and their circulating lipids did not return to normal levels after pregnancy. The increase in BCAAs occurred postpartum since the BCAAs did not differ during pregnancy, as compared to normoglycemic women. CONCLUSIONS Postpartum levels of specific BCAAs, notably valine, are related to gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University.
| | | | | | - Kerstin Berntorp
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Endocrinology, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jatta Puhkala
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland,; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Luoto
- UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland,; National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University
| | - Agneta Holmäng
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, University of Gothenburg
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16
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Blomquist C, Alvehus M, Burén J, Ryberg M, Larsson C, Lindahl B, Mellberg C, Söderström I, Chorell E, Olsson T. Attenuated Low-Grade Inflammation Following Long-Term Dietary Intervention in Postmenopausal Women with Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2017; 25:892-900. [PMID: 28440046 DOI: 10.1002/oby.21815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Abdominal fat accumulation after menopause is associated with low-grade inflammation and increased risk of metabolic disorders. Effective long-term lifestyle treatment is therefore needed. METHODS Seventy healthy postmenopausal women (age 60 ± 5.6 years) with BMI 32.5 ± 5.5 were randomized to a Paleolithic-type diet (PD) or a prudent control diet (CD) for 24 months. Blood samples and fat biopsies were collected at baseline, 6 months, and 24 months to analyze inflammation-related parameters. RESULTS Android fat decreased significantly more in the PD group (P = 0.009) during the first 6 months with weight maintenance at 24 months in both groups. Long-term significant effects (P < 0.001) on adipose gene expression were found for toll-like receptor 4 (decreased at 24 months) and macrophage migration inhibitory factor (increased at 24 months) in both groups. Serum interleukin 6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor α levels were decreased at 24 months in both groups (P < 0.001) with a significant diet-by-time interaction for serum IL-6 (P = 0.022). High-sensitivity C-reactive protein was decreased in the PD group at 24 months (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A reduction of abdominal obesity in postmenopausal women is linked to specific changes in inflammation-related adipose gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Blomquist
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Malin Alvehus
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Jonas Burén
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mats Ryberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Christel Larsson
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Sport Science, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Bernt Lindahl
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Caroline Mellberg
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ingegerd Söderström
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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Livendahl M, Jamroskovic J, Hedenström M, Görlich T, Sabouri N, Chorell E. Synthesis of phenanthridine spiropyrans and studies of their effects on G-quadruplex DNA. Org Biomol Chem 2017; 15:3265-3275. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ob00300e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Low molecular weight spirocycles efficiently stabilize G-quadruplex DNA without changing its structure by binding the top of the G-quadruplex structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Livendahl
- Department of Chemistry
- Umeå University
- 901 87 Umeå
- Sweden
| | - J. Jamroskovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Umeå University
- 901 87 Umeå
- Sweden
| | - M. Hedenström
- Department of Chemistry
- Umeå University
- 901 87 Umeå
- Sweden
| | - T. Görlich
- Department of Chemistry
- Umeå University
- 901 87 Umeå
- Sweden
| | - N. Sabouri
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics
- Umeå University
- 901 87 Umeå
- Sweden
| | - E. Chorell
- Department of Chemistry
- Umeå University
- 901 87 Umeå
- Sweden
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18
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Dugas LR, Chorell E, Plange-Rhule J, Lambert EV, Cao G, Cooper RS, Layden BT, Scholten D, Olsson T, Luke A, Goedecke JH. Obesity-related metabolite profiles of black women spanning the epidemiologic transition. Metabolomics 2016; 12:45. [PMID: 27346989 PMCID: PMC4915364 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-016-0960-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
In developed countries, specific metabolites have been associated with obesity and metabolic diseases, e.g. type 2 diabetes. It is unknown whether a similar profile persists across populations of African-origin, at increased risk for obesity and related diseases. In a cross-sectional study of normal-weight and obese black women (33.3 ± 6.3 years) from the US (N = 69, 65 % obese), South Africa (SA, N = 97, 49 % obese) and Ghana (N = 82, 33 % obese) serum metabolite profiles were characterized via gas chromatography-time of flight/mass spectrometry. In US and SA women, BMI correlated with branched-chain and aromatic amino acids, as well as dopamine and aminoadipic acid. The relationship between BMI and lipid metabolites differed by site; BMI correlated positively with palmitoleic acid (16:1) in the US; negatively with stearic acid (18:0) in SA, and positively with arachidonic acid (20:4) in Ghana. BMI was also positively associated with sugar-related metabolites in the US; i.e. uric acid, and mannitol, and with glucosamine, glucoronic acid and mannitol in SA. While we identified a common amino acid metabolite profile associated with obesity in black women from the US and SA, we also found site-specific obesity-related metabolites suggesting that the local environment is a key moderator of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara R. Dugas
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Estelle V. Lambert
- Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Guichan Cao
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Richard S. Cooper
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Brian T. Layden
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
- Jesse Brown Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Denise Scholten
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, USA
| | - Tommy Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Amy Luke
- Public Health Sciences, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Julia H. Goedecke
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
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19
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Jonsson P, Wuolikainen A, Thysell E, Chorell E, Stattin P, Wikström P, Antti H. Constrained randomization and multivariate effect projections improve information extraction and biomarker pattern discovery in metabolomics studies involving dependent samples. Metabolomics 2015; 11:1667-1678. [PMID: 26491420 PMCID: PMC4605978 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-015-0818-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Analytical drift is a major source of bias in mass spectrometry based metabolomics confounding interpretation and biomarker detection. So far, standard protocols for sample and data analysis have not been able to fully resolve this. We present a combined approach for minimizing the influence of analytical drift on multivariate comparisons of matched or dependent samples in mass spectrometry based metabolomics studies. The approach is building on a randomization procedure for sample run order, constrained to independent randomizations between and within dependent sample pairs (e.g. pre/post intervention). This is followed by a novel multivariate statistical analysis strategy allowing paired or dependent analyses of individual effects named OPLS-effect projections (OPLS-EP). We show, using simulated data that OPLS-EP gives improved interpretation over existing methods and that constrained randomization of sample run order in combination with an appropriate dependent statistical test increase the accuracy and sensitivity and decrease the false omission rate in biomarker detection. We verify these findings and prove the strength of the suggested approach in a clinical data set consisting of LC/MS data of blood plasma samples from patients before and after radical prostatectomy. Here OPLS-EP compared to traditional (independent) OPLS-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) on constrained randomized data gives a less complex model (3 versus 5 components) as well a higher predictive ability (Q2 = 0.80 versus Q2 = 0.55). We explain this by showing that paired statistical analysis detects 37 unique significant metabolites that were masked for the independent test due to bias, including analytical drift and inter-individual variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pär Jonsson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | | | - Elin Thysell
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Elin Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Medicine, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pär Stattin
- Department Surgery and Perioperative Sciences, Urology and Andrology, Umeå University Hospital, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Pernilla Wikström
- Department of Medical Biosciences, Pathology, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Henrik Antti
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, S-901 87 Umeå, Sweden
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20
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Kindahl T, Chorell E, Chorell E. Development and Optimization of Simple One-Step Methods for the Synthesis of 4-Amino-Substituted 1,8-Naphthalimides. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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21
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Goedecke JH, Chorell E, Livingstone DEW, Stimson RH, Hayes P, Adams K, Dave JA, Victor H, Levitt NS, Kahn SE, Seckl JR, Walker BR, Olsson T. Glucocorticoid receptor gene expression in adipose tissue and associated metabolic risk in black and white South African women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2014; 39:303-11. [PMID: 24854429 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2014.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Black women have lower visceral adipose tissue (VAT) but are less insulin sensitive than white women; the mechanisms responsible are unknown. OBJECTIVE The study aimed to test the hypothesis that variation in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) sensitivity to glucocorticoids might underlie these differences. METHODS Body fatness (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) and distribution (computerized tomography), insulin sensitivity (SI, intravenous and oral glucose tolerance tests), and expression of 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase-1 (11HSD1), hexose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glucocorticoid receptor-α (GRα), as well as genes involved in adipogenesis and inflammation were measured in abdominal deep SAT, superficial SAT and gluteal SAT (GLUT) depots of 56 normal-weight or obese black and white premenopausal South African (SA) women. We used a combination of univariate and multivariate statistics to evaluate ethnic-specific patterns in adipose gene expression and related body composition and insulin sensitivity measures. RESULTS Although 11HSD1 activity and mRNA did not differ by ethnicity, GRα mRNA levels were significantly lower in SAT of black compared with white women, particularly in the GLUT depot (0.52±0.21 vs 0.91±0.26 AU, respectively, P<0.01). In black women, lower SAT GRα mRNA levels were associated with increased inflammatory gene transcript levels and abdominal SAT area, and reduced adipogenic gene transcript levels, VAT/SAT ratio and SI. Abdominal SAT 11HSD1 activity associated with increased VAT area and decreased SI in white, but not in black women. CONCLUSIONS In black SA women, downregulation of GRα mRNA levels with obesity and reduced insulin sensitivity, possibly via increased SAT inflammation, is associated with reduced VAT accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Goedecke
- 1] Non-Communicable Disease Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa [2] UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - E Chorell
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
| | - D E W Livingstone
- Endocrinology Unit, University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - R H Stimson
- Endocrinology Unit, University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - P Hayes
- Divison of Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - K Adams
- Divison of Surgery, Department of Plastic Surgery, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J A Dave
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - H Victor
- UCT/MRC Research Unit for Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N S Levitt
- Division of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - S E Kahn
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, VA Puget Sound Health Care System and University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - J R Seckl
- Endocrinology Unit, University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - B R Walker
- Endocrinology Unit, University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - T Olsson
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Umeå University, Umea, Sweden
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22
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Skärby R, Chorell E, Karling P. [Increased nursing care needs primary cause of long hospital stay in medical clinics. A retrospective medical record study proves that early care planning could provide better hospital bed capacity]. Lakartidningen 2014; 111:219-222. [PMID: 24665533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
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24
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Chorell E, Svensson MB, Moritz T, Antti H. Physical fitness level is reflected by alterations in the human plasma metabolome. Mol BioSyst 2012; 8:1187-96. [DOI: 10.1039/c2mb05428k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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25
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Chorell E, Moritz T, Branth S, Antti H, Svensson MB. Predictive Metabolomics Evaluation of Nutrition-Modulated Metabolic Stress Responses in Human Blood Serum During the Early Recovery Phase of Strenuous Physical Exercise. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2966-77. [DOI: 10.1021/pr900081q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Elin Chorell
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Stefan Branth
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Henrik Antti
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
| | - Michael B. Svensson
- Department of Chemistry, Umeå University, Sweden, Umeå Plant Science Centre, Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Umeå, Sweden, Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Chemistry, Uppsala University, Sweden, and Department of Surgical and Perioperative Science, Sports Medicine, Umeå University, Sweden
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