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Amone A, Wavamunno P, Gabagaya G, Rukundo G, Namale-Matovu J, Malamba SS, Lubega I, Homsy J, King R, Nakabiito C, Nolan M, Fowler MG, Musoke P. HIV genotypic resistance among pregnant women initiating ART in Uganda: a baseline evaluation of participants in the Option B+ clinical trial. Afr Health Sci 2022; 22:428-434. [PMID: 37092059 PMCID: PMC10117495 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v22i4.48] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Pre-treatment HIV drug resistance is a threat to elimination of mother to child HIV transmission and could lead to virological failure among HIV-positive pregnant women. We analysed genotypic HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) of baseline samples of participants enrolled in the Option B+ clinical trial in Uganda.Methods: HIV-infected pregnant women attending antenatal care were enrolled from Uganda’s National Referral Hospital (Mulago) and Mityana District general hospital and surrounding health centers (HCs). Genotypic HIV testing was performed on blood samples from the first 135 enrolled women out of a subset of 136 participants (25%) who had a baseline VL>1000 copies/mL as one sample failed to amplify.Results: 159/540 (29.4%) had a VL < 1000 copies/ml and 381/540 (70.6%) had a VL >1,000 copies/ml. Of the women with VL>1000 copies/ml, 32 (23.7%) had resistance mutations including 29/135 (21.5%) NNRTI mutations, 6/135 (4.4%) NRTI mutations and 3/135 (2.2%) had both NNRTI and NRTI mutations. The most common NNRTI resistance mutations were: K103KN (5), K103N (5), V179T (4) and E138A (4).Conclusions: One quarter of the HIV-infected pregnant women in this trial at baseline had NNRTI genotypic resistance mutations. Our findings support new WHO guidelines for first-line ART that were changed to dolutegravir-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Amone
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Priscilla Wavamunno
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace Gabagaya
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Gordon Rukundo
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Joyce Namale-Matovu
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Irene Lubega
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jaco Homsy
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rachel King
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clemensia Nakabiito
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Monica Nolan
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Mary Glenn Fowler
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Philippa Musoke
- Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda
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Azamor T, Cunha DP, da Silva AMV, Bezerra OCDL, Ribeiro-Alves M, Calvo TL, Kehdy FDSG, Manta FDN, Pinto TGDT, Ferreira LP, Portari EA, Guida LDC, Gomes L, Moreira MEL, de Carvalho EF, Cardoso CC, Muller M, Ano Bom APD, Neves PCDC, Vasconcelos Z, Moraes MO. Congenital Zika Syndrome Is Associated With Interferon Alfa Receptor 1. Front Immunol 2021; 12:764746. [PMID: 34899713 PMCID: PMC8657619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.764746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Host factors that influence Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) outcome remain elusive. Interferons have been reported as the main antiviral factor in Zika and other flavivirus infections. Here, we accessed samples from 153 pregnant women (77 without and 76 with CZS) and 143 newborns (77 without and 66 with CZS) exposed to ZIKV conducted a case-control study to verify whether interferon alfa receptor 1 (IFNAR1) and interferon lambda 2 and 4 (IFNL2/4) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contribute to CZS outcome, and characterized placenta gene expression profile at term. Newborns carrying CG/CC genotypes of rs2257167 in IFNAR1 presented higher risk of developing CZS (OR=3.41; IC=1.35-8.60; Pcorrected=0.032). No association between IFNL SNPs and CZS was observed. Placenta from CZS cases displayed lower levels of IFNL2 and ISG15 along with higher IFIT5. The rs2257167 CG/CC placentas also demonstrated high levels of IFIT5 and inflammation-related genes. We found CZS to be related with exacerbated type I IFN and insufficient type III IFN in placenta at term, forming an unbalanced response modulated by the IFNAR1 rs2257167 genotype. Despite of the low sample size se findings shed light on the host-pathogen interaction focusing on the genetically regulated type I/type III IFN axis that could lead to better management of Zika and other TORCH (Toxoplasma, Others, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus, Herpes) congenital infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamiris Azamor
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Prado Cunha
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa Marques Vieira da Silva
- Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Marcelo Ribeiro-Alves
- Laboratório de Pesquisa Clínica em DST/AIDS, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thyago Leal Calvo
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elyzabeth Avvad Portari
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Letícia da Cunha Guida
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Gomes
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria Elisabeth Lopes Moreira
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Cynthia Chester Cardoso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Muller
- Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Dinis Ano Bom
- Vice-Diretoria de Desenvolvimento Tecnológico, Instituto de Tecnologia em Imunobiológicos, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Zilton Vasconcelos
- Unidade de Pesquisa Clínica, Instituto Nacional de Saúde da Mulher, da Criança e do Adolescente Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Rossi ÁD, Faucz FR, Melo A, de Azevedo GS, Pezzuto P, Bezerra OCDL, Manta FSDN, Azamor T, Schamber-Reis BLF, Tanuri A, Moraes MO, Aguiar RS, Stratakis CA, Cardoso CC. Association between Maternal Non-Coding Interferon-λ Polymorphisms and Congenital Zika Syndrome in a Cohort from Brazilian Northeast. Viruses 2021; 13:2253. [PMID: 34835060 PMCID: PMC8622836 DOI: 10.3390/v13112253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika syndrome (CZS) is characterized by a diverse group of congenital malformations induced by ZIKV infection during pregnancy. Type III interferons have been associated with placental immunity against ZIKV and restriction of vertical transmission in mice, and non-coding single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on these genes are well known to influence susceptibility to other viral infections. However, their effect on ZIKV pathogenesis has not yet been explored. To investigate whether maternal non-coding SNPs at IFNL genes are associated with CZS, 52 women infected with ZIKV during pregnancy were enrolled in a case-control association study. A total of 28 women were classified as cases and 24 as controls based on the presence or absence of CZS in their infants, and seven Interferon-λ non-coding SNPs (rs12980275, rs8099917, rs4803217, rs4803219, rs8119886, rs368234815, rs12979860) were genotyped. The results of logistic regression analyses show an association between the G allele at rs8099917 and increased susceptibility to CZS under a log-additive model (adjustedOR = 2.80; 95%CI = 1.14-6.91; p = 0.02), after adjustment for trimester of infection and genetic ancestry. These results provide evidence of an association between Interferon-λ SNPs and CZS, suggesting rs8099917 as a promising candidate for further studies on larger cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Átila Duque Rossi
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (Á.D.R.); (P.P.); (A.T.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Fabio Rueda Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (F.R.F.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Adriana Melo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande 58406-115, Brazil; (A.M.); (G.S.d.A.)
| | - Girlene Souza de Azevedo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Joaquim Amorim Neto (IPESQ), Campina Grande 58406-115, Brazil; (A.M.); (G.S.d.A.)
| | - Paula Pezzuto
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (Á.D.R.); (P.P.); (A.T.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Ohanna Cavalcanti de Lima Bezerra
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (O.C.d.L.B.); (F.S.d.N.M.); (T.A.); (M.O.M.)
| | - Fernanda Saloum de Neves Manta
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (O.C.d.L.B.); (F.S.d.N.M.); (T.A.); (M.O.M.)
| | - Tamiris Azamor
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (O.C.d.L.B.); (F.S.d.N.M.); (T.A.); (M.O.M.)
| | - Bruno Luiz Fonseca Schamber-Reis
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Campina Grande, Núcleo de Genética Médica, Centro Universitário UniFacisa, Campina Grande 58408-326, Brazil;
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (Á.D.R.); (P.P.); (A.T.); (R.S.A.)
| | - Milton Ozório Moraes
- Laboratório de Hanseníase, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, Brazil; (O.C.d.L.B.); (F.S.d.N.M.); (T.A.); (M.O.M.)
| | - Renato Santana Aguiar
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (Á.D.R.); (P.P.); (A.T.); (R.S.A.)
- Laboratório de Biologia Integrativa, Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA; (F.R.F.); (C.A.S.)
| | - Cynthia Chester Cardoso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-902, Brazil; (Á.D.R.); (P.P.); (A.T.); (R.S.A.)
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Hoa TN, Munshi SU, Ngoc KN, Ngoc CL, Thanh TTT, Akther T, Tabassum S, Parvin N, Baker S, Rahman M. A tightly clustered hepatitis E virus genotype 1a is associated with endemic and outbreak infections in Bangladesh. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255054. [PMID: 34293039 PMCID: PMC8297744 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection is endemic in Bangladesh and there are occasional outbreaks. The molecular characteristics and pathogenesis of endemic and outbreak HEV strains are poorly understood. We compared the genetic relatedness and virulence associated mutations of endemic HEV strains with outbreak strains. METHODS We analyzed systematically collected serum samples from HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) positive patients attended at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka from August 2013 to June 2015. HEV RNA positive samples were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Genotype and subtype of the strains were determined by phylogenetic analysis. Virulence associated mutations e.g. acute viral hepatitis (AVH), fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), chronic hepatitis, ribavirin treatment failure (RTF), B and T cell neutralization epitopes were determined. RESULTS 92 HEV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibody positive plasma samples (43 in 2013-2014 and 49 in 2014-2015) were studied. 77.1% (70/92) of the samples were HEV RNA positive. A 279 bp open reading frame (ORF) 2 and ORF 3 sequence was obtained from 54.2% (38/70) of the strains. Of these 38 strains, whole genome sequence (WGS) was obtained from 21 strains. In phylogenetic analysis of 38 (279 bp) sequence all HEV sequences belonged to genotype 1 and subtype 1a. Further phylogenetic analysis of 21 HEV WGS, Bangladeshi HEV sequences clustered with genotype 1a sequences from neighboring countries. Within genotype 1a cluster, Bangladesh HEV strains formed a separate cluster with the 2010 HEV outbreak strains from northern Bangladesh. 80.9 to 100% of the strains had A317T, T735I, L1120I, L1110F, P259S, V1479I, G1634K mutations associates AVH, FHF and RTF. Mutations in T cell recognition epitope T3, T5, T7 was observed in 76.1%, 100% and 100% of the strains respectively. CONCLUSION Strains of HEV genotype 1a are dominant in Bangladesh and are associated with endemic and outbreak of HEV infection. HEV isolates in Bangladesh have high prevalence of virulence associated mutations and mutation which alters antigenicity to B and T cell epitopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Nguyen Hoa
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Asia Programme, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Saif Ullah Munshi
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Khanh Nguyen Ngoc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Asia Programme, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Chau Le Ngoc
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Asia Programme, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Tran Thi Thanh
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Asia Programme, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tahmina Akther
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shahina Tabassum
- Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbag, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Nilufa Parvin
- Sir Salimullah Medical College and Hospital (SSMCH), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Stephen Baker
- Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology & Infectious Disease, Cambridge University, Cambridge, England
| | - Motiur Rahman
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Asia Programme, The Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Saulle I, Garziano M, Fenizia C, Cappelletti G, Parisi F, Clerici M, Cetin I, Savasi V, Biasin M. MiRNA Profiling in Plasma and Placenta of SARS-CoV-2-Infected Pregnant Women. Cells 2021; 10:1788. [PMID: 34359957 PMCID: PMC8305278 DOI: 10.3390/cells10071788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are gene expression regulators associated with several human pathologies, including those generated by viral infections. Their role in SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 has been investigated and reviewed in many informative studies; however, a thorough miRNA outline in SARS-CoV-2-infected pregnant women (SIPW), at both systemic and placental levels, is missing. To fill this gap, blood and placenta biopsies collected at delivery from 15 asymptomatic SIPW were immediately analysed for: miRNA expression (n = 84) (QPCR array), antiviral/immune mRNA target expression (n = 74) (QGene) and cytokine/chemokines production (n = 27) (Multiplex ELISA). By comparing these results with those obtained from six uninfected pregnant women (UPW), we observed that, following SARS-CoV-2 infection, the transcriptomic profile of pregnant women is significantly altered in different anatomical districts, even in the absence of clinical symptoms and vertical transmission. This characteristic combination of miRNA and antiviral/immune factors seems to control both the infection and the dysfunctional immune reaction, thus representing a positive correlate of protection and a potential therapeutic target against SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Saulle
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.G.); (C.F.); (G.C.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Micaela Garziano
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.G.); (C.F.); (G.C.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Claudio Fenizia
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.G.); (C.F.); (G.C.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gioia Cappelletti
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.G.); (C.F.); (G.C.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Francesca Parisi
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.P.)
| | - Mario Clerici
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy;
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, 20148 Milan, Italy
| | - Irene Cetin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.G.); (C.F.); (G.C.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Department of Woman, Mother and Neonate Buzzi Children’s Hospital, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, 20157 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Savasi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.G.); (C.F.); (G.C.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
- Unit of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Department of Biological and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (F.P.)
| | - Mara Biasin
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy; (I.S.); (M.G.); (C.F.); (G.C.); (I.C.); (V.S.)
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Balegamire SJ, Renaud C, Mâsse B, Zinszer K, Gantt S, Giguere Y, Forest JC, Boucoiran I. Frequency, timing and risk factors for primary maternal cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy in Quebec. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0252309. [PMID: 34170911 PMCID: PMC8232530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Maternal Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in the first trimester (T1) of pregnancy is a public health concern, as it increases the risk of severe neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with congenital infection compared to infections occurring later during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES To determine CMV seroprevalence in T1 of pregnancy, its trend, risk factors and the incidence rate of primary infection during pregnancy. METHODS Using the biobank of the prospective cohort "Grossesse en Santé de Québec" collected between April 2005 and March 2010 at the Québec-Laval Hospital, Québec, Canada, maternal CMV serology was determined using Abbott Architect Chemiluminescence microparticle immunoassays for immunoglobulin G(IgG), immunoglobulin M(IgM) titration and IgG avidity testing. Changepoint detection analysis was used to assess temporal trends. Risk factors associated with seropositivity were determined by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS CMV seroprevalence in T1 of pregnancy was 23.4% (965/4111, 95% CI, 22.1-24.7%). The incidence rate for CMV primary infection during pregnancy was 1.8 (95% CI, 1.2-2.6) per 100 person-years. No changepoint was identified in the maternal CMV-seroprevalence trend. Multivariable analyses showed that T1 maternal CMV seropositivity was associated with having one child OR 1.3 (95% CI, 1.10-1.73) or two or more children OR 1.5 (95%CI, 1.1-2.1), ethnicity other than Caucasian OR 2.1 (95% CI, 1.1-3.8) and country of birth other than Canada and the USA OR 2.8 (95% CI, 1.5-4.9). CONCLUSIONS In this cohort, maternal seroprevalence in T1 of pregnancy and seroconversion rate were low. This information and identified risk factors could help guide the development and implementation of preventive actions and evidence-based health policies to prevent CMV infection during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safari Joseph Balegamire
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Women and Children’s Infectious Diseases Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Christian Renaud
- Women and Children’s Infectious Diseases Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Benoît Mâsse
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Applied Clinical Research Unit, CHU Sainte Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Kate Zinszer
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Centre de recherche en santé publique, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Soren Gantt
- Women and Children’s Infectious Diseases Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, CHU Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Yves Giguere
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Forest
- CHU de Québec-Université Laval Research Center, Quebec City, Canada
- Department of Molecular Biology, Medical Biochemistry and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Isabelle Boucoiran
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, École de Santé Publique de Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Women and Children’s Infectious Diseases Center, CHU Sainte-Justine Research Center, Montreal, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternofetal Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
- * E-mail:
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7
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Borda V, da Silva Francisco Junior R, Carvalho JB, Morais GL, Duque Rossi Á, Pezzuto P, Azevedo GS, Schamber-Reis BL, Portari EA, Melo A, Moreira MEL, Guida LC, Cunha DP, Gomes L, Vasconcelos ZFM, Faucz FR, Tanuri A, Stratakis CA, Aguiar RS, Cardoso CC, de Vasconcelos ATR. Whole-exome sequencing reveals insights into genetic susceptibility to Congenital Zika Syndrome. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009507. [PMID: 34125832 PMCID: PMC8224898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a critical illness with a wide range of severity caused by Zika virus (ZIKV) infection during pregnancy. Life-threatening neurodevelopmental dysfunctions are among the most common phenotypes observed in affected newborns. Risk factors that contribute to susceptibility and response to ZIKV infection may be related to the virus itself, the environment, and maternal genetic background. Nevertheless, the newborn’s genetic contribution to the critical illness is still not elucidated. Here, we aimed to identify possible genetic variants as well as relevant biological pathways that might be associated with CZS phenotypes. For this purpose, we performed a whole-exome sequencing in 40 children born to women with confirmed exposure to ZIKV during pregnancy. We investigated the occurrence of rare harmful single-nucleotide variants (SNVs) possibly associated with inborn errors in genes ontologically related to CZS phenotypes. Moreover, an exome-wide association analysis was also performed using a case-control design (29 CZS cases and 11 controls), for both common and rare variants. Five out of the 29 CZS patients harbored known pathogenic variants likely to contribute to mild to severe manifestations observed. Approximately, 30% of affected individuals carried at least one pathogenic or likely pathogenic SNV in genes candidates to play a role in CZS. Our common variant association analysis detected a suggestive protective effect of the rs2076469 in DISP3 gene (p-value: 1.39 x 10−5). The IL12RB2 gene (p-value: 2.18x10-11) also showed an unusual distribution of nonsynonymous rare SNVs in control samples. Finally, genes harboring harmful variants are involved in processes related to CZS phenotypes such as neurological development and immunity. Therefore, both rare and common variations may be likely to contribute as the underlying genetic cause of CZS susceptibility. The variations and pathways identified in this study may also have implications for the development of therapeutic strategies in the future. Since the beginning of Zika virus outbreak in Brazil, five years ago, we still don’t understand the genetic factors associated with the small number of babies born with Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS). Here, we focused on the host genetic susceptibility by studying the whole-exome of the CZS affected (n = 29) and healthy (n = 11) neonates, both born to ZIKV infected women from Brazil. We applied two strategies: 1) Determine whether cases individuals have pathogenic or harmful variants that explain the CZS outcomes (i.e. microcephaly) independently of ZIKV infection or not, 2) Exploring the common and rare variants association with CZS. We found that common and rare variants in genes like DISP3 and IL12RB2 could explain some level of the susceptibility to CZS. Moreover, by considering these and other candidate genes, we observed an over-representation of Gene Ontology terms related to neurological system, metabolism and microtubule-cytoskeleton organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Borda
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica LNCC/MCTIC Petrópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Joseane B. Carvalho
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica LNCC/MCTIC Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Guilherme L. Morais
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica LNCC/MCTIC Petrópolis, Brazil
| | - Átila Duque Rossi
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paula Pezzuto
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Bruno L. Schamber-Reis
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Campina Grande, Núcleo de Genética Médica, Centro Universitário UniFacisa, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Melo
- Instituto de Pesquisa Professor Amorim Neto, Campina Grande Brazil
- Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Campina Grande, Núcleo de Genética Médica, Centro Universitário UniFacisa, Campina Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leonardo Gomes
- Instituto Fernandes Figueira, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Fabio R. Faucz
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Constantine A. Stratakis
- Section on Endocrinology and Genetics, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Renato S. Aguiar
- Departamento de Genética, Ecologia e Evolução Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RSA); (CCC); (ATRV)
| | - Cynthia Chester Cardoso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RSA); (CCC); (ATRV)
| | - Ana Tereza Ribeiro de Vasconcelos
- Laboratório de Bioinformática, Laboratório Nacional de Computação Científica LNCC/MCTIC Petrópolis, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RSA); (CCC); (ATRV)
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Palanisamy A, Giri T. Reduced severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 entry factors and enhanced innate immune gene expression in the nasal epithelium of pregnant rats. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2021; 224:118-120. [PMID: 33039392 PMCID: PMC7544630 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2020.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Palanisamy
- Department of Anesthesiology, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110.
| | - Tusar Giri
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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9
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Abstract
An optimal early life environment is crucial for ensuring ideal neurodevelopmental outcomes. Brain development consists of a finely tuned series of spatially and temporally constrained events, which may be affected by exposure to a sub-optimal intra-uterine environment. Evidence suggests brain development may be particularly vulnerable to factors such as maternal nutrition, infection and stress during pregnancy. In this review, we discuss how maternal factors such as these can affect brain development and outcome in offspring, and we also identify evidence which suggests that the outcome can, in many cases, be stratified by socio-economic status (SES), with individuals in lower brackets typically having a worse outcome. We consider the relevant epidemiological evidence and draw parallels to mechanisms suggested by preclinical work where appropriate. We also discuss possible transgenerational effects of these maternal factors and the potential mechanisms involved. We conclude that modifiable factors such as maternal nutrition, infection and stress are important contributors to atypical brain development and that SES also likely has a key role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eamon Fitzgerald
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Kahyee Hor
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK
| | - Amanda J Drake
- University/British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, The Queen's Medical Research Institute, 47 Little France Crescent, Edinburgh EH16 4TJ, UK.
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10
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Amaral MS, Goulart E, Caires-Júnior LC, Morales-Vicente DA, Soares-Schanoski A, Gomes RP, Olberg GGDO, Astray RM, Kalil JE, Zatz M, Verjovski-Almeida S. Differential gene expression elicited by ZIKV infection in trophoblasts from congenital Zika syndrome discordant twins. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2020; 14:e0008424. [PMID: 32745093 PMCID: PMC7425990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0008424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) causes congenital Zika syndrome (CZS), which is characterized by fetal demise, microcephaly and other abnormalities. ZIKV in the pregnant woman circulation must cross the placental barrier that includes fetal endothelial cells and trophoblasts, in order to reach the fetus. CZS occurs in ~1-40% of cases of pregnant women infected by ZIKV, suggesting that mothers' infection by ZIKV during pregnancy is not deterministic for CZS phenotype in the fetus. Therefore, other susceptibility factors might be involved, including the host genetic background. We have previously shown that in three pairs of dizygotic twins discordant for CZS, neural progenitor cells (NPCs) from the CZS-affected twins presented differential in vitro ZIKV susceptibility compared with NPCs from the non-affected. Here, we analyzed human-induced-pluripotent-stem-cell-derived (hiPSC-derived) trophoblasts from these twins and compared by RNA-Seq the trophoblasts from CZS-affected and non-affected twins. Following in vitro exposure to a Brazilian ZIKV strain (ZIKVBR), trophoblasts from CZS-affected twins were significantly more susceptible to ZIKVBR infection when compared with trophoblasts from the non-affected. Transcriptome profiling revealed no differences in gene expression levels of ZIKV candidate attachment factors, IFN receptors and IFN in the trophoblasts, either before or after ZIKVBR infection. Most importantly, ZIKVBR infection caused, only in the trophoblasts from CZS-affected twins, the downregulation of genes related to extracellular matrix organization and to leukocyte activation, which are important for trophoblast adhesion and immune response activation. In addition, only trophoblasts from non-affected twins secreted significantly increased amounts of chemokines RANTES/CCL5 and IP10 after infection with ZIKVBR. Overall, our results showed that trophoblasts from non-affected twins have the ability to more efficiently activate genes that are known to play important roles in cell adhesion and in triggering the immune response to ZIKV infection in the placenta, and this may contribute to predict protection from ZIKV dissemination into fetuses' tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Goulart
- Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz Carlos Caires-Júnior
- Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - David Abraham Morales-Vicente
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Jorge E. Kalil
- Laboratório de Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina e Instituto do Coração, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayana Zatz
- Departmento de Genética e Biologia Evolutiva, Centro de Pesquisas sobre o Genoma Humano e Células Tronco, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sergio Verjovski-Almeida
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Instituto Butantan, São Paulo, Brazil
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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11
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Phoswa WN, Ramsuran V, Naicker T, Singh R, Moodley J. HLA-G Polymorphisms Associated with HIV Infection and Preeclampsia in South Africans of African Ancestry. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:1697657. [PMID: 32596279 PMCID: PMC7305545 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1697657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES HLA-G, part of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), is associated with the risk of developing preeclampsia (PE). In this study, we determined the contribution of specific HLA-G polymorphisms on the risk of developing preeclampsia in HIV-infected and uninfected South Africans of African ancestry. METHODS One hundred and ninety-three women of African ancestry were enrolled (74 HIV-uninfected normotensive, 60 HIV-infected normotensive, 34 HIV-uninfected, and 25 HIV-infected preeclamptics). Sanger sequencing of the untranslated region was performed to genotype six SNPs, i.e., 14 bp Ins/Del of rs66554220, rs1710, rs1063320, rs1610696, rs9380142, and rs1707). RESULTS For rs66554220, we have the following results: (a) based on pregnancy type-the Ins/Ins and Del/Ins genotype frequency was higher in preeclampsia (PE) compared to normotensive pregnancies (Ins/Ins vs. Del/Ins, P = 0.02∗: OR (95%CI) = 13.44 (0.7222-249.9); Del/Del vs. Del/Ins, P = 0.03∗: OR (95%CI) = 2.95 (1.10-7.920)); (b) based on HIV status-the Ins/Ins showed both genotypic and allelic association with HIV infection. HIV-infected PE has higher Ins/Ins genotypic and allelic frequencies compared to HIV-uninfected PE (Ins/Ins vs. Del/Ins, P = 0.005∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 21.32 (1.71-4.17); Ins, P = 0.005∗∗; OR (95%IC) = 21.32 (1.71-4.17)). For rs1707, we have the following results: (a) based on pregnancy type-there were CT genotypic frequencies in PE, more especially LOPE compared to normotensive pregnancies (TT vs. CT, P = 0.0092∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 5.(1.39 - 25.64)), and no allelic association was noted; (b) based on HIV status-CT was higher in HIV-infected LOPE compared to uninfected LOPE (TT vs. TC, P = 0.0006∗∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 40.00 (2.89 - 555.1)). For rs1710 and rs1063320, no significant differences in the genotype and allele frequencies were noted based on pregnancy type and HIV status. For rs9380142, we have the following results: (a) based on pregnancy type-no significant differences were noted between normotensive compared to PE pregnancies; (b) based on HIV status-AA genotypes occurred more in the HIV-infected PE group (AA vs. GG, P = 0.02∗: OR (95%CI) = 13.97 (0.73 - 269.4)), while A allelic frequency occurred more in HIV-infected PE, especially LOPE compared to uninfected groups (A vs. G, P = 0.0003∗∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 10.72 (2.380 - 48.32); P = 0.02∗: OR (95%CI) = 9.00 (1.07 - 75.74)). For rs1610696, we have the following results: (a) based on pregnancy type-genotypic and allelic frequencies of CC were higher in PE compared to normotensive pregnancies (CC vs. GG, P = 0.0003∗∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 31.87 (1.861 - 545.9); C, P = 0.0001∗∗∗: OR (95%IC) = 21.91 (2.84 - 169.0)); (b) based on HIV status-GG frequencies were higher in the HIV-infected PE more especially LOPE groups (GG vs. GC, P = 0.02∗: OR (95%CI) = 16.87 (0.81 - 352.1); GG vs. CC, P = 0.0001∗∗∗: OR (95%CI) = 159.5 (13.10 - 1942)). CONCLUSION Selected HLA-G 14 bp polymorphisms (Ins/Ins) and genotypic and allelic differences in rs9380142, rs1610696, and rs1707 are associated with the pathogenesis of preeclampsia in HIV-infected South African women of African ancestry. More genetic studies evaluating the association between preeclampsia and HIV infection are needed to improve diagnosis and antenatal care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendy N. Phoswa
- Discipline of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Nelson R. Mandela School of Clinical Medicine, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Veron Ramsuran
- KwaZulu-Natal Research Innovation and Sequencing Platform (KRISP), School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Centre for the AIDS Programme of Research in South Africa (CAPRISA), Durban, South Africa
| | - Thajasvarie Naicker
- Optics and Imaging Centre, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Ravesh Singh
- Department of Microbiology, National Health Laboratory Services, KwaZulu-Natal Academic Complex, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Durban, South Africa
| | - Jagidesa Moodley
- Women's Health and HIV Research Group, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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12
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Karuppan MKM, Ojha CR, Rodriguez M, Lapierre J, Aman MJ, Kashanchi F, Toborek M, Nair M, El-Hage N. Reduced-Beclin1-Expressing Mice Infected with Zika-R103451 and Viral-Associated Pathology during Pregnancy. Viruses 2020; 12:v12060608. [PMID: 32498399 PMCID: PMC7354588 DOI: 10.3390/v12060608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we used a mouse model with defective autophagy to further decipher the role of Beclin1 in the infection and disease of Zika virus (ZIKV)-R103451. Hemizygous (Becn1+/−) and wild-type (Becn1+/+) pregnant mice were transiently immunocompromised using the anti-interferon alpha/beta receptor subunit 1 monoclonal antibody MAR1-5A3. Despite a low mortality rate among the infected dams, 25% of Becn1+/− offspring were smaller in size and had smaller, underdeveloped brains. This phenotype became apparent after 2-to 3-weeks post-birth. Furthermore, the smaller-sized pups showed a decrease in the mRNA expression levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and the expression levels of several microcephaly associated genes, when compared to their typical-sized siblings. Neuronal loss was also noticeable in brain tissues that were removed postmortem. Further analysis with murine mixed glia, derived from ZIKV-infected Becn1+/− and Becn1+/+ pups, showed greater infectivity in glia derived from the Becn1+/− genotype, along with a significant increase in pro-inflammatory molecules. In the present study, we identified a link by which defective autophagy is causally related to increased inflammatory molecules, reduced growth factor, decreased expression of microcephaly-associated genes, and increased neuronal loss. Specifically, we showed that a reduced expression of Beclin1 aggravated the consequences of ZIKV infection on brain development and qualifies Becn1 as a susceptibility gene of ZIKV congenital syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Kumar Muthu Karuppan
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Chet Raj Ojha
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Jessica Lapierre
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - M. Javad Aman
- Integrated Biotherapeutics, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;
| | - Fatah Kashanchi
- National Center for Biodefense and Infectious Diseases, George Mason University, Manassas, VA 20110, USA;
| | - Michal Toborek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Madhavan Nair
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.K.M.K.); (C.R.O.); (M.R.); (J.L.); (M.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(305)-348-4346; Fax: +1-(305)-348-1109
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13
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Bhatti G, Romero R, Rice GE, Fitzgerald W, Pacora P, Gomez-Lopez N, Kavdia M, Tarca AL, Margolis L. Compartmentalized profiling of amniotic fluid cytokines in women with preterm labor. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227881. [PMID: 31945128 PMCID: PMC6964819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Amniotic fluid cytokines have been implicated in the mechanisms of preterm labor and birth. Cytokines can be packaged within or on the surface of extracellular vesicles. The main aim of this study was to test whether the protein abundance internal to and on the surface of extracellular vesicles changes in the presence of sterile intra-amniotic inflammation and proven intra-amniotic infection in women with preterm labor as compared to the women with preterm labor without either intra-amniotic inflammation or proven intra-amniotic infection. Study design Women who had an episode of preterm labor and underwent an amniocentesis for the diagnosis of intra-amniotic infection or intra-amniotic inflammation were classified into three groups: 1) preterm labor without either intra-amniotic inflammation or proven intra-amniotic infection, 2) preterm labor with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation, and 3) preterm labor with intra-amniotic infection. The concentrations of 38 proteins were determined on the extracellular vesicle surface, within the vesicles, and in the soluble fraction of amniotic fluid. Results 1) Intra-amniotic inflammation, regardless of detected microbes, was associated with an increased abundance of amniotic fluid cytokines on the extracellular vesicle surface, within vesicles, and in the soluble fraction. These changes were most prominent in women with proven intra-amniotic infection. 2) Cytokine changes on the surface of extracellular vesicles were correlated with those determined in the soluble fraction; yet the magnitude of the increase was significantly different between these compartments. 3) The performance of prediction models of early preterm delivery based on measurements on the extracellular vesicle surface was equivalent to those based on the soluble fraction. Conclusions Differential packaging of amniotic fluid cytokines in extracellular vesicles during preterm labor with sterile intra-amniotic inflammation or proven intra-amniotic infection is reported herein for the first time. The current study provides insights into the biology of the intra-amniotic fluid ad may aid in the development of biomarkers for obstetrical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaurav Bhatti
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, United States of America
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RR); (GER); (ALT)
| | - Gregory Edward Rice
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail: (RR); (GER); (ALT)
| | - Wendy Fitzgerald
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Percy Pacora
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nardhy Gomez-Lopez
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Adi L. Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, and Detroit Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, Michigan, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RR); (GER); (ALT)
| | - Leonid Margolis
- Section on Intercellular Interactions, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
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14
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Goh GKM, Dunker AK, Foster JA, Uversky VN. Zika and Flavivirus Shell Disorder: Virulence and Fetal Morbidity. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9110710. [PMID: 31698857 PMCID: PMC6920988 DOI: 10.3390/biom9110710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) was first discovered in 1947 in Africa. Since then, sporadic ZIKV infections of humans have been reported in Africa and Asia. For a long time, this virus was mostly unnoticed due to its mild symptoms and low fatality rates. However, during the 2015-2016 epidemic in Central and South America, when millions of people were infected, it was discovered that ZIKV causes microcephaly in the babies of mothers infected during pregnancy. An examination of the M and C proteins of the ZIKV shell using the disorder predictor PONDR VLXT revealed that the M protein contains relatively high disorder levels comparable only to those of the yellow fever virus (YFV). On the other hand, the disorder levels in the C protein are relatively low, which can account for the low case fatality rate (CFR) of this virus in contrast to the more virulent YFV, which is characterized by high disorder in its C protein. A larger variation was found in the percentage of intrinsic disorder (PID) in the C protein of various ZIKV strains. Strains of African lineage are characterized by higher PIDs. Using both in vivo and in vitro experiments, laboratories have also previously shown that strains of African origin have a greater potential to inflict higher fetal morbidity than do strains of Asian lineage, with dengue-2 virus (DENV-2) having the least potential. Strong correlations were found between the potential to inflict fetal morbidity and shell disorder in ZIKV (r2 = 0.9) and DENV-2 (DENV-2 + ZIKV, r2 = 0.8). A strong correlation between CFR and PID was also observed when ZIKV was included in an analysis of sets of shell proteins from a variety of flaviviruses (r2 = 0.8). These observations have potential implications for antiviral vaccine development and for the design of cancer therapeutics in terms of developing therapeutic viruses that penetrate hard-to-reach organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard Kian-Meng Goh
- Goh’s BioComputing, Singapore 548957, Singapore
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-8648-5440
| | - A. Keith Dunker
- Center for Computational Biology, Indiana and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA;
| | - James A. Foster
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA;
- Institute for Bioinformatics and Evolutionary Studies, University of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844, USA
| | - Vladimir N. Uversky
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region 142290, Russia
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15
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Storchilo HR, Rezende HHA, Gomes TC, de Souza JY, Gomes AR, Avelino MM, do Amaral WN, de Castro AM. Basic heel prick test: inclusion of screening, diagnosis and criteria for early confirmation of congenital infection by Toxoplasma gondii. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2019; 61:e30. [PMID: 31241659 PMCID: PMC6592012 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946201961030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii can cross the placental barrier, causing fetal infection with potentially severe sequelae. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the serological screening for toxoplasmosis should be included in the basic neonatal heel prick test in order to establish criteria for the confirmation and/or exclusion of the diagnosis of congenital infection in newborns treated at three public health units in the metropolitan region of Goiania, Goias State, Brazil. Blood samples were collected on filter paper from newborns and later, peripheral blood samples from the mothers and their respective children were obtained to confirm or exclude the diagnosis of suspected congenital infection, by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (IgM and IgG) and a polymerase chain reaction assay. From a total of 1,159 blood samples collected on filter paper, 43.92% were reactive to IgG and 0.17% to anti-T. gondii IgM and IgG. One hundred and twenty-seven paired samples (mother and child) were collected following consensual protocols for peripheral blood collection. Results obtained from the filter paper and peripheral blood of the newborns were 90.55% concordant. A comparison of the mother and child blood test results showed agreement regarding the detection of IgG in 90.48% of the samples. The parasite DNA was detected in the peripheral blood of one child. In view of the results obtained in this study, the inclusion of the serological screening for toxoplasmosis in the newborn heel prick test proved to be effective for the early detection of congenital T. gondii infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heloisa Ribeiro Storchilo
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | | | - Taynara Cristina Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Yonara de Souza
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Antonio Roberto Gomes
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Mariza Martins Avelino
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Waldemar Naves do Amaral
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Faculdade de Medicina, Hospital das
Clínicas, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Ana Maria de Castro
- Universidade Federal de Goiás, Instituto de Patologia Tropical e
Saúde Pública, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
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16
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Liu T, Wan Z, Peng S, Wang Y, Chen H, Li X, Du Y. Genetic variations in LTA gene and PDCD1 gene and intrauterine infection of hepatitis B virus: a case-control study in China. Amino Acids 2018; 50:877-883. [PMID: 29786123 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Intrauterine infection with hepatitis B virus (HBV) has been suggested to accounting for most cases of chronic HBV infection, which cannot be blocked by combined immunoprophylaxis. The fact that the genetic background might impact the susceptibility to intrauterine infection of HBV has been identified by recent researches. A case-control study included sixty-nine HBsAg-positive mother-newborn pairs with intrauterine infection as cases compared to 138 mother-newborn pairs without intrauterine infection as controls. We studied the correlations between HBV intrauterine transmission and 15 maternal SNPs in eight genes (LTA, LTBR, TNFSF14, PDCD1, APOBEC3B, CD274, CD40 and CD40LG). There was a substantially significantly decreased risk of intrauterine infection of HBV in mothers with the rs2227981 TT genotype in PDCD1 gene compared to those with the rs2227981 GG genotype (OR 0.11, 95% CI 0.01-0.95, P = 0.045). Under recessive model (OR 0.51, 95% CI 0.26-1, P = 0.050) and additive model (OR 0.50, 95% CI 0.28-0.88, P = 0.017), we also found a marginally significantly decreased risk of intrauterine infection of HBV. Furthermore, under additive model, maternal genotype for rs2239704 in LTA gene was marginally significantly related to an increased risk of intrauterine HBV infection (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1-6.66, P = 0.055). However, there were no statistically significant associations among the remaining 13 SNPs and the risk of intrauterine infection of HBV. The examination implied that hereditary variants of PDCD1 and LTA genes were associated with intrauterine infection of HBV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13th Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhihua Wan
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13th Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Songxu Peng
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13th Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanni Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13th Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyan Chen
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13th Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xiu Li
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13th Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yukai Du
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 13th Hangkong Road, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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17
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Chesnais V, Ott A, Chaplais E, Gabillard S, Pallares D, Vauloup-Fellous C, Benachi A, Costa JM, Ginoux E. Using massively parallel shotgun sequencing of maternal plasmatic cell-free DNA for cytomegalovirus DNA detection during pregnancy: a proof of concept study. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4321. [PMID: 29531245 PMCID: PMC5847603 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22414-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) primary infections of pregnant women can lead to congenital infections of the fetus that could have severe impacts on the health of the newborn. Recent studies have shown that 10-100 billion DNA fragments per milliliter of plasma are circulating cell-free. The study of this DNA has rapidly expanding applications to non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). In this study, we have shown that we can detect viral specific reads in the massively parallel shotgun sequencing (MPSS) NIPT data. We have also observed a strong correlation between the viral load of calibration samples and the number of reads aligned on the reference genome. Based on these observations we have constructed a statistical model able to quantify the viral load of patient samples. We propose to use this new method to detect and quantify circulating DNA virus like HCMV during pregnancy using the same sequencing results as NIPT data. This method could be used to improve the NIPT diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Christelle Vauloup-Fellous
- AP-HP, Hôpital Paul Brousse, Groupe Hospitalier Universitaire Paris-Sud, Virologie, Université Paris-Sud, INSERM U1193, Villejuif, France
| | - Alexandra Benachi
- AP-HP, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique et Médecine de la Reproduction, Université Paris-Sud, Clamart, France
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18
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Lopez-Gimenez JF, de la Fuente Revenga M, Ruso-Julve F, Saunders JM, Moreno JL, Crespo-Facorro B, González-Maeso J. Validation of schizophrenia gene expression profile in a preclinical model of maternal infection during pregnancy. Schizophr Res 2017; 189:217-218. [PMID: 28202291 PMCID: PMC5554460 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Lopez-Gimenez
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology of Cantabria (IBBTEC-CSIC), Santander, Spain; Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
| | - Mario de la Fuente Revenga
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Fulgencio Ruso-Julve
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Justin M Saunders
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - José L Moreno
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla, IDIVAL, Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain; CIBERSAM, Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Salud Mental, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier González-Maeso
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, Virginia 23298, USA.
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19
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Hashem M, Jhaveri R, Saleh DA, Sharaf SA, El-Mougy F, Abdelsalam L, Shardell MD, El-Ghazaly H, El-Kamary SS. Spontaneous Viral Load Decline and Subsequent Clearance of Chronic Hepatitis C Virus in Postpartum Women Correlates With Favorable Interleukin-28B Gene Allele. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:999-1005. [PMID: 28903504 PMCID: PMC6248538 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Postpartum hepatitis C viral (HCV) load decline followed by spontaneous clearance has been previously described. Herein we identify predictors for viral decline in a cohort of HCV-infected postpartum women. METHODS Pregnant women at Cairo University were screened for anti-HCV antibodies and HCV RNA, and viremic women were tested for quantitative HCV RNA at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months postpartum. Spontaneous clearance was defined as undetectable viremia twice at least 6-months apart. Associations between viral load and demographic, obstetrical, HCV risk factors, and interleukin-28B gene (IL28B) polymorphism (rs12979860) were assessed. RESULTS Of 2514 women, 97 (3.9%) had anti-HCV antibodies, 54 (2.1%) were viremic and of those, 52 (2.1%) agreed to IL28B testing. From pregnancy until 12 months postpartum, IL28B-CC allele women had a significant viral decline (P = .009). After adjusting, the IL28B-CC allele had a near significant difference compared to the CT allele (odds ratio [OR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75,1.00; P = .05), but not the TT allele (OR, 0.91; 95% CI, 0.61,1.38; P = .64). All 14/52 (26.9%) women who subsequently cleared were among the 15 with undetectable viremia at 12 months, making that time point a strong predictor of subsequent clearance (sensitivity = 100%, specificity = 97.4%, positive predictive value = 93.3%, negative predictive value = 100%). CONCLUSIONS IL28B-CC genotype and 12-month postpartum undetectable viremia were the best predictors for viral decline and subsequent clearance. These 2 predictors should influence clinical decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Hashem
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
| | - Ravi Jhaveri
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine; Departments of
| | | | - Sahar A Sharaf
- Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Fatma El-Mougy
- Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Lobna Abdelsalam
- Chemical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Michelle D Shardell
- National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland; and
| | - Hesham El-Ghazaly
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Egypt
| | - Samer S El-Kamary
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore
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20
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Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV), a relatively elusive Aedes mosquito-transmitted flavivirus, had been brought into spotlight until recent widespread outbreaks accompanied by unexpectedly severe clinical neuropathies, including fetal microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) in the adult. In this review, we focus on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which vertically transmitted microorganisms reach the fetus and trigger neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhou
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China
- Department of Infectious Disease, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China
| | - Di Yu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China
| | - Hesuyuan Huang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China
| | - Hong Ji
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Xuming Mo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 21008, China.
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21
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Mamedaliyeva NM, Issenova SS, Lokshin VN. Study of polymorphic variants of the TNF gene in pregnant women with mycoplasma infection in the Kazakh population. Gynecol Endocrinol 2016; 32:5-6. [PMID: 27759455 DOI: 10.1080/09513590.2016.1232689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular genetic study of DNA in 98 pregnant women with mycoplasma infection and 100 healthy pregnant women was carried out. The results of the study revealed that the presence of the homozygous mutant genotype AA increases the risk of pro-inflammatory processes in the body by 6.7 times, and the carriage of GA genotypic variants increases the risk of its occurrence by 2.6 times.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S Sh Issenova
- a Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty , Kazakhstan
| | - V N Lokshin
- a Kazakh National Medical University , Almaty , Kazakhstan
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22
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Viani RM, Hsia K, Hubbard P, Ruiz-Calderon J, Lozada R, Alvelais J, Gallardo M, Spector SA. Prevalence of primary HIV-1 drug resistance in pregnant women and in newly diagnosed adults at Tijuana General Hospital, Baja California, Mexico. Int J STD AIDS 2016; 18:235-8. [PMID: 17509172 DOI: 10.1258/095646207780658962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
At Tijuana General Hospital, between March 2003 and June 2005, pregnant women and other adults, recently identified as HIV infected, antiretroviral naïve, were enrolled to examine the prevalence of primary HIV drug resistance. All subjects had the Calypte® HIV-1 BED Incidence enzyme immunoassay test to identify recent infection. Genotypic analysis of HIV-1 protease and reverse transcriptase regions in plasma was performed. Forty-six subjects participated, eight (17%) men, 38 (83%) women. Ten (22%) subjects were classified as having recent HIV infection. HIV genotype was performed in 41 subjects. One subject (2.5%) had a major mutation in the reverse transcriptase region (K219Q) conferring zidovudine resistance, one had a minor mutation at V118I (2.5%) and two subjects (5%) had minor mutation (V179D) associated with non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance. There were no major protease inhibitor-associated mutations but minor mutations were common. The prevalence of primary HIV drug resistance in Baja California is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Viani
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0672, USA.
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23
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Wilkinson JM, Ladinig A, Bao H, Kommadath A, Stothard P, Lunney JK, Harding JCS, Plastow GS. Differences in Whole Blood Gene Expression Associated with Infection Time-Course and Extent of Fetal Mortality in a Reproductive Model of Type 2 Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) Infection. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153615. [PMID: 27093427 PMCID: PMC4836665 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) infection of pregnant females causes fetal death and increased piglet mortality, but there is substantial variation in the extent of reproductive pathology between individual dams. This study used RNA-sequencing to characterize the whole blood transcriptional response to type 2 PRRSV in pregnant gilts during the first week of infection (at 0, 2, and 6 days post-inoculation), and attempted to identify gene expression signatures associated with a low or high level of fetal mortality rates (LFM and HFM; n = 8/group) at necropsy, 21 days post-inoculation. The initial response to infection measured at 2 days post-inoculation saw an upregulation of genes involved in innate immunity, such as interferon-stimulated antiviral genes and inflammatory markers, and apoptosis. A concomitant decrease in expression of protein synthesis and T lymphocyte markers was observed. By day 6 the pattern had reversed, with a drop in innate immune signaling and an increase in the expression of genes involved in cell division and T cell signaling. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with extremes of litter mortality rate were identified at all three time-points. Among the 15 DEGs upregulated in LFM gilts on all three days were several genes involved in platelet function, including integrins ITGA2B and ITGB3, and the chemokine PF4 (CXCL4). LFM gilts exhibited a higher baseline expression of interferon-stimulated and pro-inflammatory genes prior to infection, and of T cell markers two days post-infection, indicative of a more rapid progression of the immune response to PRRSV. This study has increased our knowledge of the early response to PRRSV in the blood of pregnant gilts, and could ultimately lead to the development of a biomarker panel that can be used to predict PRRSV-associated reproductive pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Wilkinson
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Andrea Ladinig
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Hua Bao
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Arun Kommadath
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Paul Stothard
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Joan K. Lunney
- Animal Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, Beltsville Agricultural Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - John C. S. Harding
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Graham S. Plastow
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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Zhou N, Wang J. [HBV infection in placental Hofbauer cells and the association with the level of HBV replication]. Xi Bao Yu Fen Zi Mian Yi Xue Za Zhi 2015; 31:77-84. [PMID: 25575063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the clinical significance of Hofbauer cells of maternal placenta in hepatitis B virus (HBV) vertical infection. METHODS Hofbauer cells were isolated and purified from human placental villi by the methods of enzyme digestion, mechanical method and Ficoll-Hypaque separation. The Hofbauer cells were identified by anti-CD163 immunohistochemistry and the level of HBV-DNA in Hofbauer cells was detected by PCR. The expressions of CD16 (FcγRIII) mRNA and protein in Hofbauer cells were measured by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS The positive detection rate of HBV-DNA in Hofbauer cells of HBV-infected pregnant women was 31.67% (19/60), and among them, the HBeAg⁺ and HBeAg⁻ were 46.4% (13/28) and 18.75% (6/32), respectively. The expressions of CD16 mRNA and protein in Hofbauer cells of patients with HBV-DNA were significantly higher than those in patients without HBV-DNA, and had an obvious correlation with the rate of HBV-DNA. CONCLUSION Hofbauer cells as placental macrophages can be infected by HBV, and the infection rate is associated with the level of viral replication in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhou
- Department of Aetiology and Immunology, Medical College, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Aetiology and Immunology, Medical College, Anhui University of Science & Technology, Huainan 232001, China
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Persa OD, Jazmati N, Robinson N, Wolke M, Kremer K, Schweer K, Plum G, Schlaak M. A pregnant woman with chronic meningococcaemia from Neisseria meningitidis with lpxL1-mutations. Lancet 2014; 384:1900. [PMID: 25457917 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(14)61645-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Diana Persa
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Nathalie Jazmati
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nirmal Robinson
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; CECAD Research Center, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martina Wolke
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim Kremer
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Katharina Schweer
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Georg Plum
- Institute for Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Hygiene, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Max Schlaak
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Akgul Y, Word RA, Ensign LM, Yamaguchi Y, Lydon J, Hanes J, Mahendroo M. Hyaluronan in cervical epithelia protects against infection-mediated preterm birth. J Clin Invest 2014; 124:5481-9. [PMID: 25384213 DOI: 10.1172/jci78765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2014] [Accepted: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased synthesis of cervical hyaluronan (HA) from early to late pregnancy has long been proposed to play an essential role in disorganization of the collagen-rich extracellular matrix to allow for maximal compliance and dilation of the cervix during the birth process. Here, we show that HA is not essential for increased cervical distensibility during late pregnancy. Rather, cervicovaginal HA plays an unanticipated important role in epithelial barrier protection of the lower reproductive tract. Specifically, HA depletion in the cervix and vagina resulted in inappropriate differentiation of epithelial cells, increased epithelial and mucosal permeability, and strikingly increased preterm birth rates in a mouse model of ascending vaginal infection. Collectively, these findings revealed that although HA is not obligatory for cervical compliance, it is crucial for maintaining an epithelial and mucosal barrier to limit pathogen infiltration of the lower reproductive tract during pregnancy and thereby is protective against infection-mediated preterm birth.
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Resende PC, Motta FC, Oliveira MDLA, Gregianini TS, Fernandes SB, Cury ALF, do Carmo D. Rosa M, Souza TML, Siqueira MM. Polymorphisms at residue 222 of the hemagglutinin of pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09: association of quasi-species to morbidity and mortality in different risk categories. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92789. [PMID: 24667815 PMCID: PMC3965456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The D222G substitution in the hemagglutinin (HA) gene of the pandemic influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus has been identified as a potential virulence marker, because this change allows for virus invasion deeper into the respiratory tract. In this study, we analyzed D, G and N polymorphisms at residue 222 by pyrosequencing (PSQ). We initially analyzed 401 samples from Brazilian patients. These were categorized with respect to clinical conditions due to influenza infection (mild, serious or fatal) and sub-stratified by risky factors. The frequency of mixed population of virus, with more than one polymorphism at residue 222, was significantly higher in serious (10.6%) and fatal (46.7%) influenza cases, whereas those who showed mild influenza infections were all infected by D222 wild-type. Mixtures of quasi-species showed a significant association of mortality, especially for those with risk factors, in special pregnant women. These results not only reinforce the association between D222G substitution and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09-associated morbidity and mortality, but also add the perspective that a worse clinical prognosis is most likely correlated with mixtures of quasi-species at this HA residue. Therefore, quasi-species may have a critical and underestimated role in influenza-related clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cristina Resende
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Fernando C. Motta
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Maria de Lourdes A. Oliveira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tatiana S. Gregianini
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado do Rio de Grande do Sul -Fundação estadual de produção e pesquisa em saúde seção de virologia, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sandra B. Fernandes
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Ana Luisa F. Cury
- Laboratório Central de Saúde Pública do Estado de Minas Gerais/Instituto Octávio Magalhães e Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | | | - Thiago Moreno L. Souza
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marilda M. Siqueira
- Laboratório de Vírus Respiratórios e do Sarampo, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/ FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mates JM, Kumar SB, Bazan J, Mefford M, Voronkin I, Handelman S, Mwapasa V, Ackerman W, Janies D, Kwiek JJ. Genotypic and phenotypic heterogeneity in the U3R region of HIV type 1 subtype C. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2014; 30:102-12. [PMID: 23826737 PMCID: PMC3887403 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2013.0026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 20% of all HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) occurs in utero (IU). In a chronic HIV infection, HIV-1 exists as a complex swarm of genetic variants, and following IU MTCT, viral genomic diversity is restricted through a mechanism that remains to be described. The 5' U3R region of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) contains multiple transcription factor (TF) binding sites and regulates viral transcription. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that sequence polymorphisms in the U3R region of LTR are associated with IU MTCT. To this end, we used single template amplification to isolate 517 U3R sequences from maternal, placental, and infant plasma derived from 17 HIV-infected Malawian women: eight whose infants remained HIV uninfected (NT) and nine whose infants became HIV infected IU. U3R sequences show pairwise diversities ranging from 0.2% to 2.3%. U3R sequences from one participant contained two, three, or four putative NF-κB binding sites. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicated that U3R sequences from eight of nine IU participants were consistent with placental compartmentalization of HIV-1 while only one of eight NT cases was consistent with such compartmentalization. Specific TF sequence polymorphisms were not significantly associated with IU MTCT. To determine if replication efficiency of the U3R sequences was associated with IU MTCT, we cloned 90 U3R sequences and assayed promoter activity in multiple cell lines. Although we observed significant, yet highly variable promoter activity and TAT induction of promoter activity in the cell lines tested, there was no association between measured promoter activity and MTCT status. Thus, we were unable to detect a promoter genotype or phenotype associated with IU MTCT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica M. Mates
- Department of Microbiology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Surender B. Kumar
- College of Veterinary Biosciences and Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Jose Bazan
- The Division of Infectious Diseases, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Megan Mefford
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Igor Voronkin
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Samuel Handelman
- Department of Pharmacology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Victor Mwapasa
- Department of Community Health, Malawi College of Medicine, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - William Ackerman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology (Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine and Laboratory of Perinatal Research), The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Daniel Janies
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, North Carolina
| | - Jesse J. Kwiek
- Center for Microbial Interface Biology, Department of Microbial Infection and Immunity, and Center for Retrovirus Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
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Sharp GC, Ma H, Saunders PTK, Norman JE. A computational model of lipopolysaccharide-induced nuclear factor kappa B activation: a key signalling pathway in infection-induced preterm labour. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70180. [PMID: 23936158 PMCID: PMC3736540 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Preterm birth is the single biggest cause of significant neonatal morbidity and mortality, and the incidence is rising. Development of new therapies to treat and prevent preterm labour is seriously hampered by incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms that initiate labour at term and preterm. Computational modelling provides a new opportunity to improve this understanding. It is a useful tool in (i) identifying gaps in knowledge and informing future research, and (ii) providing the basis for an in silico model of parturition in which novel drugs to prevent or treat preterm labour can be "tested". Despite their merits, computational models are rarely used to study the molecular events initiating labour. Here, we present the first attempt to generate a dynamic kinetic model that has relevance to the molecular mechanisms of preterm labour. Using published data, we model an important candidate signalling pathway in infection-induced preterm labour: that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -induced activation of Nuclear Factor kappa B. This is the first model of this pathway to explicitly include molecular interactions upstream of Nuclear Factor kappa B activation. We produced a formalised graphical depiction of the pathway and built a kinetic model based on ordinary differential equations. The kinetic model accurately reproduced published in vitro time course plots of Lipopolysaccharide-induced Nuclear Factor kappa B activation in mouse embryo fibroblasts. In this preliminary work we have provided proof of concept that it is possible to build computational models of signalling pathways that are relevant to the regulation of labour, and suggest that models that are validated with wet-lab experiments have the potential to greatly benefit the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma C Sharp
- Medical Research Council (MRC) Centre for Reproductive Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
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Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex disorder that appears to be caused by interactions between genetic changes and environmental insults during early development. A wide range of factors have been linked to the onset of ASD, but recently both genetic associations and environmental factors point to a central role for immune-related genes and immune responses to environmental stimuli. Specifically, many of the proteins encoded by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) play a vital role in the formation, refinement, maintenance, and plasticity of the brain. Manipulations of levels of MHC molecules have illustrated how disrupted MHC signaling can significantly alter brain connectivity and function. Thus, an emerging hypothesis in our field is that disruptions in MHC expression in the developing brain caused by mutations and/or immune dysregulation may contribute to the altered brain connectivity and function characteristic of ASD. This review provides an overview of the structure and function of the three classes of MHC molecules in the immune system, healthy brain, and their possible involvement in ASD.
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Omosun YO, Blackstock AJ, Gatei W, Hightower A, van Eijk AM, Ayisi J, Otieno J, Lal RB, Steketee R, Nahlen B, ter Kuile FO, Slutsker L, Shi YP. Differential association of gene content polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors with placental malaria in HIV- and HIV+ mothers. PLoS One 2012; 7:e38617. [PMID: 22715396 PMCID: PMC3371008 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0038617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2011] [Accepted: 05/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Pregnant women have abundant natural killer (NK) cells in their placenta, and NK cell function is regulated by polymorphisms of killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs). Previous studies report different roles of NK cells in the immune responses to placental malaria (PM) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) infections. Given these references, the aim of this study was to determine the association between KIR gene content polymorphism and PM infection in pregnant women of known HIV-1 status. Sixteen genes in the KIR family were analyzed in 688 pregnant Kenyan women. Gene content polymorphisms were assessed in relation to PM in HIV-1 negative and HIV-1 positive women, respectively. Results showed that in HIV-1 negative women, the presence of the individual genes KIR2DL1 and KIR2DL3 increased the odds of having PM, and the KIR2DL2/KIR2DL2 homozygotes were associated with protection from PM. However, the reverse relationship was observed in HIV-1 positive women, where the presence of individual KIR2DL3 was associated with protection from PM, and KIR2DL2/KIR2DL2 homozygotes increased the odds for susceptibility to PM. Further analysis of the HIV-1 positive women stratified by CD4 counts showed that this reverse association between KIR genes and PM remained only in the individuals with high CD4 cell counts but not in those with low CD4 cell counts. Collectively, these results suggest that inhibitory KIR2DL2 and KIR2DL3, which are alleles of the same locus, play a role in the inverse effects on PM and PM/HIV co-infection and the effect of KIR genes on PM in HIV positive women is dependent on high CD4 cell counts. In addition, analysis of linkage disequilibrium (LD) of the PM relevant KIR genes showed strong LD in women without PM regardless of their HIV status while LD was broken in those with PM, indicating possible selection pressure by malaria infection on the KIR genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuf O. Omosun
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anna J. Blackstock
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Atlanta Research and Education Foundation, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Wangeci Gatei
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Allen Hightower
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Anne Maria van Eijk
- Center for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenyan Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
- Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - John Ayisi
- Center for Vector Biology and Control Research, Kenyan Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Juliana Otieno
- New Nyanza Provincial General Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Renu B. Lal
- Division of Global HIV/AIDS, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Richard Steketee
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Bernard Nahlen
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Feiko O. ter Kuile
- Child and Reproductive Health Group, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Laurence Slutsker
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Ya Ping Shi
- Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Liu SR, Weng HB, Wu J, Zhang ZD, Zeng YM, Tian HF. [Relationship between intrauterine infection and the gene polymorphism of DC-SIGN/DC-SIGNR in the pregnant women of HBV positive]. Zhonghua Shi Yan He Lin Chuang Bing Du Xue Za Zhi 2011; 25:331-333. [PMID: 22338216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of the individual genotype differences of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR on the mother-to-neonate intrauterine infection of HBV. METHODS The genotypes of the gene DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR in the pregnant women with HBV positive were detected by PCR and agarose gel electrophoresis. The significant difference of gene diversity of DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR was analyzed by chi-square test. RESULTS (1) All of 29 cases in intrauterine infection group were 7/7 DC-SIGN genotype. In the non-intrauterine infection group, 7/5 genotype were observed in 2 of 54 cases, and the other 52 cases were 7/7 genotype. The two groups was no significant difference (P = 0.54). (2) 29 cases of intrauterine infection group was observed 4 genotypes of DC-SIGNR such as 7/7, 7/5, 9/7 and 6/5, the genotype frequencies were 0.3793, 0.3448, 0.2414 and 0.0345 respectively. 54 cases of non-intrauterine infection group was found 6 genotypes such as 7/7, 7/5, 9/5, 9/7, 7/6 and 6/5, genotype frequencies were 0.5186, 0.1481, 0.0926, 0.1852, 0.0370 and 0.0185 respectively. The distribution of 7/5 genotype in the intrauterine infection group (29 cases) and the non-intrauterine infection group (54 cases) was statistically significant (P = 0.038) , and no significant difference was found in other genotypes between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The gene DC-SIGN showed relatively little variation in the pregnant women infected with HBV. On the countrary, there were multiple genotypes of the gene DC-SIGNR in these women, and the genotype "7/5" of DC-SIGNR might be one of the susceptibility genes associated with intrauterine infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shou-Rong Liu
- Hangzhou Sixth People's Hospital, Zhejiang 310014, China.
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Ruiz-Extremera A, Muñoz-Gámez JA, Salmerón-Ruiz MA, de Rueda PM, Quiles-Pérez R, Gila-Medina A, Casado J, Belén Martín A, Sanjuan-Nuñez L, Carazo A, Pavón EJ, Ocete-Hita E, León J, Salmerón J. Genetic variation in interleukin 28B with respect to vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus and spontaneous clearance in HCV-infected children. Hepatology 2011; 53:1830-8. [PMID: 21413051 DOI: 10.1002/hep.24298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The vertical transmission of hepatitis C virus (HCV-VT) is a major route of HCV infection in children, but the risk factors remain incompletely understood. This study analyzed the role of interleukin 28B (IL28B) in HCV-VT and in the spontaneous clearance of HCV among infected infants. Between 1991 and 2009, 145 mothers were recruited for this study: 100 were HCV-RNA+ve / human immunodeficiency virus negative (HIV-ve), with 128 children, and 33 were HCV-RNA-ve/HCV antibody+ve, with 43 children. The infants were tested for HCV-RNA at birth and at regular intervals until the age of 6 years. IL28B (single nucleotide polymorphism rs12979860) was determined in the mothers and children. HCV-VT was assumed when children presented HCV-RNA+ve in two subsequent blood samples. HCV-VT-infected infants were categorized as: (1) transient viremia with posterior HCV-RNA-ve and without serum-conversion; (2) persistent infection with serum-conversion. Of the 31 mothers with CC polymorphism, 19 (61%) were HCV-RNA+ve, whereas among the 68 mothers with non-CC polymorphism, 56 (82%) were HCV-RNA+ve. In all, 26 of 128 (20%) infants born to the HCV-RNA+ve mothers acquired HCV infection, but only 9 (7%) were chronically infected. The rate of HCV-VT was higher among the mothers with higher HCV viremia. No HCV-VT was detected in the HCV-RNA-ve women. Neither the mothers' nor the childrens' IL-28 status was associated with an increased risk of HCV-VT. The factors influencing viral clearance among the infected children were genotype non-1 and genotype CC of IL28B. In logistic regression, child CC polymorphism was the only predictor of HCV-clearance in HCV genotype-1. CONCLUSION High maternal viral load is the only predictive factor of HCV-VT. IL28B plays no role in HCV-VT, but IL28B CC child polymorphism is associated independently with the spontaneous clearance of HCV genotype-1 among infected children.
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López Pisón J, García Jiménez MC, Lafuente Hidalgo M, Pérez Delgado R, Monge Galindo L, Cabrerizo de Diago R, Rebage Moisés V, Peña Segura JL, Baldellou Vázquez A. Prenatal encephalopathies of unknown origin. Our 19-years experience. To what extent must genetic and biochemical studies be carried out? Neurologia 2011; 26:481-7. [PMID: 21377246 DOI: 10.1016/j.nrl.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2010] [Revised: 12/20/2010] [Accepted: 01/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We examine those prenatal encephalopathies with clinical or neuroimaging data of encephalopathy before the birth. They affect a significant number of children seen by paediatric neurologists. They can be of disruptive origin (due to vascular problems, drugs, toxins or congenital infections), and genetically determined. We include cases of autism spectrum disorder and mental retardation with no history of perinatal of postnatal damages. MATERIAL AND METHODS We analysed our 19 year neuro-paediatric data base in search of prenatal encephalopathies and their diagnostic origin. We also analyse the studies made in the cases with a diagnosis of unknown origin. RESULTS The 19 year period of study in the data base included 11,910 children, and 1596 (13.5%) were considered as prenatal encephalopathies; 1307 children (81.4%) had a diagnosis of unknown origin, despite many investigations being done in a large number of them. DISCUSSION Most of the children included in this study suffer a rare disease, and whether they are identified or not, they increasingly require an early diagnosis. Peroxisomal, mitochondrial, lysosomal diseases, carbohydrate glycosylation deficiency syndrome and other inborn error of metabolism, congenital infections and genetic encephalopathies, can be clinically indistinguishable in early life and require specific studies to identify them. Early diagnosis requires strategies using step-wise systematic studies, giving priority to those diseases that could be treated, and in many cases using an individualised approach. We believe that the potential benefits of early diagnosis, including savings on further studies, genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis, overcome the financial costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J López Pisón
- Sección Neuropediatría, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, España.
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Pannekoek Y, Dickx V, Beeckman DSA, Jolley KA, Keijzers WC, Vretou E, Maiden MCJ, Vanrompay D, van der Ende A. Multi locus sequence typing of Chlamydia reveals an association between Chlamydia psittaci genotypes and host species. PLoS One 2010; 5:e14179. [PMID: 21152037 PMCID: PMC2996290 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0014179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chlamydia comprises a group of obligate intracellular bacterial parasites responsible for a variety of diseases in humans and animals, including several zoonoses. Chlamydia trachomatis causes diseases such as trachoma, urogenital infection and lymphogranuloma venereum with severe morbidity. Chlamydia pneumoniae is a common cause of community-acquired respiratory tract infections. Chlamydia psittaci, causing zoonotic pneumonia in humans, is usually hosted by birds, while Chlamydia abortus, causing abortion and fetal death in mammals, including humans, is mainly hosted by goats and sheep. We used multi-locus sequence typing to asses the population structure of Chlamydia. In total, 132 Chlamydia isolates were analyzed, including 60 C. trachomatis, 18 C. pneumoniae, 16 C. abortus, 34 C. psittaci and one of each of C. pecorum, C. caviae, C. muridarum and C. felis. Cluster analyses utilizing the Neighbour-Joining algorithm with the maximum composite likelihood model of concatenated sequences of 7 housekeeping fragments showed that C. psittaci 84/2334 isolated from a parrot grouped together with the C. abortus isolates from goats and sheep. Cluster analyses of the individual alleles showed that in all instances C. psittaci 84/2334 formed one group with C. abortus. Moving 84/2334 from the C. psittaci group to the C. abortus group resulted in a significant increase in the number of fixed differences and elimination of the number of shared mutations between C. psittaci and C. abortus. C. psittaci M56 from a muskrat branched separately from the main group of C. psittaci isolates. C. psittaci genotypes appeared to be associated with host species. The phylogenetic tree of C. psittaci did not follow that of its host bird species, suggesting host species jumps. In conclusion, we report for the first time an association between C. psittaci genotypes with host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Pannekoek
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Veerle Dickx
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Delphine S. A. Beeckman
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Keith A. Jolley
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy C. Keijzers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Evangelia Vretou
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, Department of Microbiology, Hellenic Pasteur Institute, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Daisy Vanrompay
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Arie van der Ende
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Center for Infection and Immunity Amsterdam (CINIMA), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Shibata Y, Zhang L, Kuboyama N, Abiko Y. Periodontal pathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans LPS induces mitochondria-dependent-apoptosis in human placental trophoblasts. Placenta 2010; 32:11-9. [PMID: 21074850 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2010.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 09/22/2010] [Accepted: 10/07/2010] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing evidence suggests an association between periodontal disease and low birthweight (LBW); however the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be fully elucidated. In this study, we performed a microarray analysis to observe the human placental trophoblast-like BeWo cells response to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from periodontopathogen Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), in order to investigate the molecular basis of mechanisms for periodontitis-associated LBW. In vivo pregnant rats were also used to confirm the in vitro results. STUDY DESIGN The effects of Aa-LPS on cultured human placental trophoblast-like BeWo cells were studied using a DNA microarray, Ingenuity Pathway Analysis, real-time PCR and poly-caspase staining. The in vivo effects of Aa-LPS in pregnant rats were examined using TUNEL assays. RESULTS In BeWo cells, Aa-LPS increased levels of cytochrome c, caspase 2, caspase 3, caspase 9 and BCL2-antagonist/killer 1 mRNA, decreased those of B-cell CLL/lymphoma 2, BCL2-like 1 and catalase mRNA and increased poly-caspase activity, all of which are consistent with activation of the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. TUNEL assays confirmed the increased incidence of apoptosis in placentas of Aa-LPS-treated rats (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Aa-LPS induces apoptosis in human trophoblasts via the mitochondria-dependent pathway, and this effect may contribute to the pathogenesis of periodontitis-associated LBW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nihon University School of Dentistry at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271-8587, Japan.
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Joubert BR, Franceschini N, Mwapasa V, North KE, Meshnick SR. Regulation of CCR5 expression in human placenta: insights from a study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV in Malawi. PLoS One 2010; 5:e9212. [PMID: 20169157 PMCID: PMC2821402 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0009212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2009] [Accepted: 01/13/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human promoter polymorphisms in the chemokine co-receptor 5 gene (CCR5) have been noted for association with mother-to-child transmission of HIV (HIV MTCT) as well as reduced receptor expression in vitro, but have not been clearly associated with CCR5 expression in vivo. Placental expression of CCR5 may be influenced by such polymorphisms as well as other in vivo regulatory factors. Methodology/Principal Findings We evaluated the associations between infant CCR5 polymorphisms, measures of maternal infection, and placental expression of CCR5 among mother-infant pairs in Blantyre, Malawi. RNA was extracted from placental tissue and used in multiplex real-time PCR to quantify gene expression. Through linear regression, we observed that CCR5-2554T (β = −0.67, 95% CI = −1.23, −0.11) and -2132T (β = −0.75, 95% CI = −0.131, −0.18) were significantly associated with reduced placental expression of CCR5. An incremental increase in CCR5 expression was observed for incremental increases in expression of two heparan sulfate genes involved in viral infection, HS3ST3A1 (β = 0.27, 95% CI = 0.18, 0.35) and HS3ST3B1 (β = 0.11, 95% CI = 0.06, 0.18). Among HIV infected mothers, an incremental increase in maternal HIV viral load was also associated with higher CCR5 expression (β = 0.76, 95% CI = 0.12, 1.39). Maternal HIV status had no overall effect (β = 0.072, 95% CI = −0.57, −0.72). Higher CCR5 expression was observed for mothers with malaria but was not statistically significant (β = 0.37, 95% CI = −0.43, 1.18). Conclusions/Significance These results provide in vivo evidence for genetic and environmental factors involved in the regulation of CCR5 expression in the placenta. Our findings also suggest that the measurement of placental expression of CCR5 alone is not an adequate indicator of the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnie R Joubert
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America.
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Marcolin AC, Duarte G, Quintana SM, Araújo FM, El Beitune P, Gonçalves CV, Ramos ES. Evaluation of IGF-2/ApaI polymorphism in pregnant women infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 taking antiretroviral drugs. Growth Horm IGF Res 2009; 19:513-516. [PMID: 19560381 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2009.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2008] [Revised: 05/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/20/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Studies carried out to assess the effects of antiretroviral drugs (ARV) in HIV-1 infected pregnant women have demonstrated carbohydrate intolerance. Some reports also refer to the effect of disturbances in the expression of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF) system on pancreas beta-cell function in humans and IGF-2/ApaI polymorphisms have been associated with obesity and features of the metabolic syndromes. In the present study, we tested the association between IGF-2/ApaI genotype and hyperglycemia in HIV-1 infected pregnant women receiving ARV. DESIGN We studied IGF-2/ApaI polymorphism in 87 healthy pregnant women, 43 HIV-1 infected pregnant women taking ARV with hyperglycemia during pregnancy, and 43 HIV-1-negative pregnant women with gestational diabetes. Blood samples were obtained for DNA extraction, PCR and genotyping. Data were analyzed statistically by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality, ANOVA and chi-square tests. RESULTS There were no significant differences in genotype frequency among the three groups analyzed. Considering the HIV-1-infected pregnant women, there were no significant differences in genotype frequency between the zidovudine group and the triple antiretroviral treatment group. There were no significant differences in allele frequencies among the groups evaluated. Non-white pregnant women tended to present the GG genotypes compared to white pregnant women. CONCLUSION These results contribute to a better understanding of metabolic glycemic disorders in HIV-1-infected pregnant women using ARV, showing that IGF-2/ApaI polymorphisms are not responsible as a single causative factor of glycemic alterations. These data indicate that other variables should be studied in order to explain these glycemic abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra C Marcolin
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Avenida Bandeirantes, 3900, 14049-900 Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Gao L, Liu YH, Li LF, Wu YM, Wang MB, Shi J, Yuan B, Song J, He YM, Wei DK. [Changes of peripheral blood chromosomal centromere aberration in patients with cytomegalovirus infection after anti-viral treatment]. Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2009; 29:1846-1847. [PMID: 19778807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the changes of peripheral blood chromosomal centromere aberration in patents with cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection after anti-viral treatment. METHODS Sixty-two patients with early spontaneous abortion and CMV infection analyzed for their peripheral blood chromosomal centromere using simultaneous silver staining before and after anti-viral treatment. RESULTS The patients with CMV infection had high rate of centromere aberration, which was decreased significantly after anti-viral treatment (P<0.0001). CONCLUSION CMV infection is a risk factor for peripheral blood chromosomal centrimere aberration. Anti-viral treatment can decrease the rate of centrimere aberration aberration. Detection of peripheral blood chromosomal centrimere aberration allows the assessment of the severity of infection and the condition after treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Gao
- Clinical Laboratory, Henan People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
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Gankovskaia OA, Zverev VV, Lavrov VF, Blinkova LP, Gankovskaia LV, Kuznetsov PA. [Changes of expression levels of innate immunity signaling receptors during Candida albicans infections in vitro and in vivo]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2009:60-63. [PMID: 19621822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study levels of expression of Toll-like receptors genes in response to Candida albicans antigens in vitro (using Vero cell line as well as mononuclear cells) and in vivo (using cervical canal cells of pregnant women). MATERIALS AND METHODS Test-systems for measurement of expression levels of such genes as TLR 1, TLR2, TLR6 as well as system for quantitative measurement of tumor necrosis factor a level, all of which were developed earlier, were used. RESULTS It was shown that antigens of C. albicans stimulated early increase of expression of innate immunity genes both in studied in vitro models and in cells of cervical canal of pregnant women with candidosis. CONCLUSION Results of performed study allow to suggest that activation of innate immunity factors resulted from Candida albicans infection.
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Gankovskaia OA, Bakhareva IV, Gankovskaia LV, Somova OI, Zverev VV. [Study of expression of TLR9, NF-kappaB, TNFalpha genes in cells of cervical canal mucosa in pregnant women with herpesvirus infection]. Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol 2009:61-64. [PMID: 19459480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
AIM To study changes in expression of TLR9, NF-kappaB, TNFalpha genes in cervical canal mucosa in pregnant women with herpesvirus infection. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using previously developed real-time polymerase chain reaction assays, levels of expression of genes, which corresponding proteins play important role in TLR9-dependent signaling pathway, was quantified. RESULTS Two-fold, 4.4-fold, and 3-fold rise in expression of TLR9, NF-kappaB, and TNFalpha genes respectively was revealed in pregnant women with herpesvirus infection compared to women with physiologically occurring pregnancy. CONCLUSION Obtained results demonstrated the activation of TLR-mediated mechanisms of innate immunity on the level of cervical canal mucosa during pregnancy complicated by viral infection.
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Cavarelli M, Karlsson I, Zanchetta M, Antonsson L, Plebani A, Giaquinto C, Fenyö EM, De Rossi A, Scarlatti G. HIV-1 with multiple CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptor use is predictive of immunological failure in infected children. PLoS One 2008; 3:e3292. [PMID: 18820725 PMCID: PMC2538568 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0003292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/07/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HIV-1 R5 viruses are characterized by a large phenotypic variation, that is reflected by the mode of coreceptor use. The ability of R5 HIV-1 to infect target cells expressing chimeric receptors between CCR5 and CXCR4 (R5(broad) viruses), was shown to correlate with disease stage in HIV-1 infected adults. Here, we ask the question whether phenotypic variation of R5 viruses could play a role also in mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV-1 and pediatric disease progression. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Viral isolates obtained from a total of 59 HIV-1 seropositive women (24 transmitting and 35 non transmitting) and 28 infected newborn children, were used to infect U87.CD4 cells expressing wild type or six different CCR5/CXCR4 chimeric receptors. HIV-1 isolates obtained from newborn infants had predominantly R5(narrow) phenotype (n = 20), but R5(broad) and R5X4 viruses were also found in seven and one case, respectively. The presence of R5(broad) and R5X4 phenotypes correlated significantly with a severe decline of the CD4+ T cells (CDC stage 3) or death within 2 years of age. Forty-three percent of the maternal R5 isolates displayed an R5(broad) phenotype, however, the presence of the R5(broad) virus was not predictive for MTCT of HIV-1. Of interest, while only 1 of 5 mothers with an R5X4 virus transmitted the dualtropic virus, 5 of 6 mothers carrying R5(broad) viruses transmitted viruses with a similar broad chimeric coreceptor usage. Thus, the maternal R5(broad) phenotype was largely preserved during transmission and could be predictive of the phenotype of the newborn's viral variant. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Our results show that R5(broad) viruses are not hampered in transmission. When transmitted, immunological failure occurs earlier than in children infected with HIV-1 of R5(narrow) phenotype. We believe that this finding is of utmost relevance for therapeutic interventions in pediatric HIV-1 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Cavarelli
- Viral Evolution and Transmission Unit, DIBIT, Fondazione Centro San Raffaele, Milan, Italy.
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Liu H, Redline RW, Han YW. Fusobacterium nucleatum induces fetal death in mice via stimulation of TLR4-mediated placental inflammatory response. J Immunol 2007; 179:2501-8. [PMID: 17675512 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.4.2501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine infection plays a pivotal role in preterm birth (PTB) and is characterized by inflammation. Currently, there is no effective therapy available to treat or prevent bacterial-induced PTB. Using Fusobacterium nucleatum, a Gram-negative anaerobe frequently associated with PTB, as a model organism, the mechanism of intrauterine infection was investigated. Previously, it was shown that F. nucleatum induced preterm and term stillbirth in mice. Fusobacterial-induced placental infection was characterized by localized bacterial colonization, inflammation, and necrosis. In this study, F. nucleatum was shown to activate both TLR2 and TLR4 in vitro. In vivo, the fetal death rate was significantly reduced in TLR4-deficient mice (C57BL/6 TLR4(-/-) and C3H/HeJ (TLR4(d/d))), but not in TLR2-deficient mice (C57BL/6 TLR2(-/-)), following F. nucleatum infection. The reduced fetal death in TLR4-deficient mice was accompanied by decreased placental necroinflammatory responses in both C57BL/6 TLR4(-/-) and C3H/HeJ. Decreased bacterial colonization in the placenta was observed in C3H/HeJ, but not in C57BL/6 TLR4(-/-). These results suggest that inflammation, rather than the bacteria per se, was the likely cause of fetal loss. TLR2 did not appear to be critically involved, as no difference in bacterial colonization, inflammation, or necrosis was observed between C57BL/6 and C57BL/6 TLR2(-/-) mice. A synthetic TLR4 antagonist, TLR4A, significantly reduced fusobacterial-induced fetal death and decidual necrosis without affecting the bacterial colonization in the placentas. TLR4A had no bactericidal activity nor did it affect the birth outcome in sham-infected mice. TLR4A could have promise as an anti-inflammatory agent for the treatment or prevention of bacterial-induced preterm birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongqi Liu
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA
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Flys TS, Mwatha A, Guay LA, Nakabiito C, Donnell D, Musoke P, Mmiro F, Jackson JB, Eshleman SH. Detection of K103N in Ugandan women after repeated exposure to single dose nevirapine. AIDS 2007; 21:2077-82. [PMID: 17885298 DOI: 10.1097/qad.0b013e3282703847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Use of single dose nevirapine (SD NVP) for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission (pMTCT) is associated with selection of K103N-containing HIV variants. Repeat use of SD NVP for pMTCT may influence emergence and persistence of NVP-resistant variants. DESIGN K103N-containing variants were studied in 48 Ugandan women who received SD NVP in the HIVNET 012 trial, and were re-exposed to SD NVP in one (n = 44) or two (n = 4) subsequent pregnancies during a 5-year follow-up study. METHODS Samples were analyzed using the LigAmp assay (assay cutoff: 0.5% K103N). RESULTS Among 44 women who were re-exposed to SD NVP in one subsequent pregnancy, 37.8% had K103N detected within 1 year of SD-NVP re-exposure. Detection of K103N was independently associated with detection of K103N 6-8 weeks after the first SD NVP exposure and with pre-NVP viral load. The portion of women with undetectable K103N by 2 years after SD NVP administration was similar after first versus second use of SD NVP for pMTCT. K103N was undetectable in 93.2% of evaluable women by 3 years of re-exposure. Only two of four women who received SD NVP in two pregnancies during the follow-up study had K103N detected after the last SD NVP exposure. CONCLUSIONS K103N was detected in some women within 1 year of SD NVP re-exposure, but faded from detection in most women by 3 years after re-exposure. Detection of K103N by 1 year after SD NVP re-exposure was associated with prior selection of K103N-containing variants and with pre-NVP viral load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara S Flys
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Vargas-Villavicencio JA, Morales-Montor J. [Pregnancy, acquired immunity and parasitic diseases: main mechanisms associated to resistance or susceptibility]. Rev Invest Clin 2007; 59:298-305. [PMID: 18019602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
During pregnancy in mammals, the endocrine system plays a protagonic role, characterized by variation of different hormonal serum levels, such as estradiol, progesterone and some gonadotrophic hormones. Furthermore, the immunological system also participates during pregnancy, self-regulation for to avoid not rejecting the fetus. The characteristic immunity during the pregnancy is the humoral type: which is characterized by an increase in the levels of the Th-2 type cytokines IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, concomitant to a diminution in the levels of IL-2, INF-gamma and TNF-alpha The type of immunological response present during the pregnancy is mainly regulated by mechanisms associated to sexual hormones. This particular immunological response during the pregnancy, has individual importance if an infectious disease appears, since, depending on the parasite, a susceptibility or a resistance to the infection can exist. The proposed mechanisms to explain this resistance or susceptibility can be one of the following: (1) the hormones are influencing the immunological system of the host (by means of specific nuclear receptors); (2) the hormones acting directly on the parasite, preventing or promoting their reproduction and (3) a combination of both. These mechanisms support the idea of a complex immunoendocrine network (mediated by hormonal receptors, citokynes, antibodies) in host and parasite, interacting in a bidirectional way. The final outcome of this interaction is the death or survival of the host, or the parasite. In this review, we evaluate the information about the more frequent parasitic infections during pregnancy, and discuss the implied molecular mechanisms that affects the establishment, growth, reproduction or elimination of the parasite.
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Shiono Y, Mun HS, He N, Nakazaki Y, Fang H, Furuya M, Aosai F, Yano A. Maternal–fetal transmission of Toxoplasma gondii in interferon-γ deficient pregnant mice. Parasitol Int 2007; 56:141-8. [PMID: 17307382 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2007.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Revised: 01/10/2007] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii infection is generally asymptomatic in immunocompetent persons but can be life-threatening in immunocompromised persons and for fetuses in the case of maternal-fetal transmission. The effect of interferon (IFN)-gamma, which plays a crucial role in the protective immunity against T. gondii infection, on maternal-fetal transmission of T. gondii was analyzed by quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction targeting T. gondii-specific SAG1 gene. T. gondii loads were obvious in uterus and placenta of wild type (WT) C57BL/6 (B6, susceptible strain) but not BALB/c (resistant strain) pregnant mice. Higher levels of T. gondii were detected in uterus and placenta of IFN-gamma knock-out (GKO) B6 and BALB/c than in those of WT mice. Furthermore, T. gondii was detected in fetus of GKO B6 but not GKO BALB/c, WT B6, or WT BALB/c mice. Thus, not only IFN-gamma but also genetic susceptibility to T. gondii infection was important for the protective immunity of maternal-fetal transmission of T. gondii to fetus via placenta. T. gondii-infected WT mice displayed a low delivery rate with high IFN-gamma production, whereas infected GKO mice did not. Additionally, mean body weight of neonates from T. gondii-infected GKO BALB/c pregnant mice was significantly lower than that of unaborted neonates from WT BALB/c pregnant mice, suggesting the effects of T. gondii infection on intrauterine growth retardation of fetus in pregnant GKO mice.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Female
- Fetal Growth Retardation/etiology
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical
- Interferon-gamma/deficiency
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Placenta/parasitology
- Placenta Diseases/genetics
- Placenta Diseases/parasitology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/genetics
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/parasitology
- Toxoplasma
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/parasitology
- Toxoplasmosis, Animal/transmission
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/etiology
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/genetics
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/immunology
- Toxoplasmosis, Congenital/parasitology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Shiono
- Department of Infection and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection leading to fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) and high mortality is a common feature in Indian women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. An altered status of hormones and immunity are observed during pregnancy but the actual cause of high mortality is still unknown. The present study was carried out to analyze CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cell counts and to assay the level of pregnancy-related hormones such as estrogen, progesterone and beta-HCG in order to discover the role played by these factors. METHODS One hundred patients (50 pregnant and 50 non-pregnant women) with FHF and 150 pregnant healthy females without liver disease as controls were recruited for the study. Serological tests for all viral markers using ELISA kits and detection of HEV RNA by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were carried out in all cases. CD3, CD4 and CD8 T cell counts were analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorter (FACS) while hormone assay was performed by commercially available RIA kits. RESULTS Serologically (38/50; 76%) as well as by RT-PCR (28/50; 56%), a significantly higher HEV positivity rate was found in pregnant FHF patients compared to non-pregnant women (serologically 15/50; 30%; RT-PCR 7/50; 14%). CD4 counts were lower (P < 0.05), while CD8 counts were higher (P < 0.05), and their ratio (CD4/CD8) in HEV positive pregnant FHF patients was significantly lower (P < 0.01) when compared to that of HEV negative pregnant FHF women or controls. Levels of estrogen, progesterone and beta-HCG were also found to be higher (P < 0.001) in HEV positive pregnant FHF patients when compared to HEV negative patients or controls. HEV infected pregnant FHF patients had a significantly higher mortality rate of 65.8% (25/38) compared to 23.5% (4/15) in HEV positive non-pregnant women (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Pregnancy appears to be a potential risk factor for viral replication and an extreme low immune status of Indian/Asian pregnant women. It is suggested that diminished cellular immunity (indicated by a decrease in CD4, an increase in CD8 cell counts and lowered CD4/CD8 cell ratio) and a high level of steroid hormones that influence viral replication/expression during pregnancy appear to be the plausible reasons for severity of the disease.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- CD3 Complex/analysis
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count
- CD4-CD8 Ratio
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cell Separation/methods
- Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human/blood
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Estrogens/blood
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Hepatitis E/blood
- Hepatitis E/complications
- Hepatitis E/diagnosis
- Hepatitis E/genetics
- Hepatitis E/immunology
- Hepatitis E/mortality
- Hepatitis E virus/genetics
- Humans
- India/epidemiology
- Liver Failure, Acute/blood
- Liver Failure, Acute/genetics
- Liver Failure, Acute/immunology
- Liver Failure, Acute/mortality
- Liver Failure, Acute/virology
- Pregnancy
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/blood
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/diagnosis
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/genetics
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/immunology
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/mortality
- Pregnancy Complications, Infectious/virology
- Progesterone/blood
- RNA, Viral/blood
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Viral Load
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishat Jilani
- Department of Medicine, Maulana Azad Medical College and Associated Lok Nayak Hospital, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Bobetsis YA, Barros SP, Lin DM, Weidman JR, Dolinoy DC, Jirtle RL, Boggess KA, Beck JD, Offenbacher S. Bacterial infection promotes DNA hypermethylation. J Dent Res 2007; 86:169-74. [PMID: 17251518 DOI: 10.1177/154405910708600212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal oral infection, caused by bacteria such as C. rectus or P. gingivalis, has been implicated as a potential source of placental and fetal infection and inflammatory challenge, which increases the relative risk for pre-term delivery and growth restriction. Intra-uterine growth restriction has also been reported in various animal models infected with oral organisms. Analyzing placental tissues of infected growth-restricted mice, we found down-regulation of the imprinted Igf2 gene. Epigenetic modification of imprinted genes via changes in DNA methylation plays a critical role in fetal growth and development programming. Here, we assessed whether C. rectus infection mediates changes in the murine placenta Igf2 methylation patterns. We found that infection induced hypermethylation in the promoter region-P0 of the Igf2 gene. This novel finding, correlating infection with epigenetic alterations, provides a mechanism linking environmental signals to placental phenotype, with consequences for development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y A Bobetsis
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Center for Oral and Systemic Diseases, Department of Periodontology, UNC School of Dentistry, CB #7455, DRC Rm 222, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7455, USA
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Abstract
The current goal of evidence-based medicine, prospective therapeutic interventions in large numbers of patients, may not always reach an accurate conclusion. Individual variations in genetic characteristics need to be acknowledged and taken into account in the analysis. Some women with recurrent vulvo-vaginal candiosis (RVVC) have polymorphisms in genes that directly contribute to their increased susceptibility to these infections. Similarly, genetic polymorphism analyses of mother and fetus, along with highly sensitive non-culture methods of microbial detection, have identified patients at elevated risk for premature labor and delivery. Utilization of more complete information provides the basis for more specific and individualized therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Ledger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, 525 East 68th Street, J-130, New York, NY 10021, USA.
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Speer EM, Gentile DA, Zeevi A, Pillage G, Huo D, Skoner DP. Role of single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokine genes in spontaneous preterm delivery. Hum Immunol 2006; 67:915-23. [PMID: 17145371 DOI: 10.1016/j.humimm.2006.08.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2005] [Revised: 08/04/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intra-amniotic infections are implicated in spontaneous preterm delivery (PTD). Certain genetic polymorphisms are associated with increased production of proinflammatory and/or decreased production of anti-inflammatory cytokines, thereby possibly promoting PTD. We determined the relationship between maternal and fetal cytokine gene polymorphisms with occurrence and severity of spontaneous PTD (PTD after spontaneous-onset preterm labor and/or preterm prelabor rupture of membranes) and their association with intrauterine inflammation and infection. DNA from buccal brushings of 80 preterm (gestation < 35 weeks) and 80 matched term mother-infant pairs was assayed for tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha [-308G/A]), interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma [+874A/T]), interleukin-6 (IL-6 [-174C/G]), interleukin-10 (IL-10 [-1082G/A, -819C/T, -592C/A]), and transforming growth factor beta1 (TGF-beta1 [T/Ccodon10,G/Ccodon25]) by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with sequence-specific primers. The presence of histologic chorioamnionitis was determined for PTDs. Conditioned on maternal IFN-gamma genotypes, fetal high IFN-gamma producing allele (IFN-gamma[+874T]) was associated with spontaneous PTD (odds ratio = 2.3 [1.2-4.4]). Among preterm deliveries, maternal low TGF-beta1 (TGF-beta1 [codon10C]) producing genotypes correlated negatively with gestation. Fetal TNF-alpha (-308G) was significantly associated with histologic chorioamnionitis. Underlying genitourinary infections and/or inflammation were significantly associated with maternal and fetal IL-6 (-174G), fetal TNF-alpha (-308GG), and fetal IL-10 (-1082A). We conclude that certain fetal and maternal cytokine gene polymorphisms may be associated with occurrence and/or severity of spontaneous PTD and with intrauterine inflammation and infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Monika Speer
- University of Chicago Hospitals, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.
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