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Leeuwis RHJ, Hall JR, Zanuzzo FS, Smith N, Clow KA, Kumar S, Vasquez I, Goetz FW, Johnson SC, Rise ML, Santander J, Gamperl AK. Climate change can impair bacterial pathogen defences in sablefish via hypoxia-mediated effects on adaptive immunity. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 156:105161. [PMID: 38521379 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Low-oxygen levels (hypoxia) in aquatic habitats are becoming more common because of global warming and eutrophication. However, the effects on the health/disease status of fishes, the world's largest group of vertebrates, are unclear. Therefore, we assessed how long-term hypoxia affected the immune function of sablefish, an ecologically and economically important North Pacific species, including the response to a formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin. Sablefish were held at normoxia or hypoxia (100% or 40% air saturated seawater, respectively) for 6-16 weeks, while we measured a diverse array of immunological traits. Given that the sablefish is a non-model organism, this involved the development of a species-specific methodological toolbox comprised of qPCR primers for 16 key immune genes, assays for blood antibacterial defences, the assessment of blood immunoglobulin (IgM) levels with ELISA, and flow cytometry and confocal microscopy techniques. We show that innate immune parameters were typically elevated in response to the bacterial antigens, but were not substantially affected by hypoxia. In contrast, hypoxia completely prevented the ∼1.5-fold increase in blood IgM level that was observed under normoxic conditions following bacterin exposure, implying a serious impairment of adaptive immunity. Since the sablefish is naturally hypoxia tolerant, our results demonstrate that climate change-related deoxygenation may be a serious threat to the immune competency of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robine H J Leeuwis
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Fábio S Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Nicole Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Kathy A Clow
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Frederick W Goetz
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Stewart C Johnson
- Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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2
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Yuan C, Lin Y, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Zhao X, Yuan H, Li T, Song Q. Effects of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infection on CD21 + B cells activation. Vet Microbiol 2024; 293:110087. [PMID: 38663176 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2024.110087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) is a devastating pathogen of acute- gastrointestinal infectious diseases, which can cause vomiting, diarrhea, dehydration and high morbidity and mortality among neonatal piglets. Humoral immunity plays a vital role in the host anti-PEDV infection process, but the mechanism of PEDV-induced B-cell immune response remains unknown. In this study, the effects of PEDV infection on CD21+ B cell activation were systematically analyzed through animal experiments. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) revealed that low levels of serum-specific IgA, IgM, or IgG were detected in piglets after PEDV infection, respectively. Serum interleukin (IL)-6 levels increased significantly at 4 d after infection, and the levels of IL-4, B-cell activating factor (BAFF), interferon (IFN)-γ, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and IL-10 decreased at 7 d after infection. Fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) showed that expression levels of CD21, MHC Ⅱ, CD40, and CD38 on B cell surfaces were significantly higher. In contrast, the proportions of CD21+IgM+ B cells were decreased in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from the infected piglets. No differences were found in the percentage of CD21+CD80+ and CD21+CD27+ B cells in PBMCs from the infected piglets. In addition, the number of CD21+B cells in PBMCs stimulated with PEDV in vitro was significantly lower. No significant change in the mRNA expression of BCR molecules was found while the expression levels of paired immunoglobulin-like receptor B (PIR-B), B cell adaptor molecule of 32 kDa (Bam32) and BAFF were decreased. In conclusion, our research demonstrates that virulent strains of PEDV profoundly impact B cell activation, leading to alterations in phenotypic expression and BCR signaling molecules. Furthermore, this dysregulation results in compromised specific antibody secretion and perturbed cytokine production, highlighting the intricate immunological dysfunctions induced by PEDV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yidan Lin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yawen Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Xue Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Hongxing Yuan
- Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Guantao County, Handan, Hebei Province 057750, China
| | - Tanqing Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China
| | - Qinye Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, China; Veterinary Biological Technology Innovation Center of Hebei Province, Baoding 071000, China.
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Liu B, Liu H, Han P, Wang X, Wang C, Yan X, Lei W, Xu K, Zhou J, Qi J, Fan R, Wu G, Tian WX, Gao GF, Wang Q. Enhanced potency of an IgM-like nanobody targeting conserved epitope in SARS-CoV-2 spike N-terminal domain. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:131. [PMID: 38740785 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01847-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Almost all the neutralizing antibodies targeting the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of spike (S) protein show weakened or lost efficacy against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged or emerging variants, such as Omicron and its sub-variants. This suggests that highly conserved epitopes are crucial for the development of neutralizing antibodies. Here, we present one nanobody, N235, displaying broad neutralization against the SARS-CoV-2 prototype and multiple variants, including the newly emerged Omicron and its sub-variants. Cryo-electron microscopy demonstrates N235 binds a novel, conserved, cryptic epitope in the N-terminal domain (NTD) of the S protein, which interferes with the RBD in the neighboring S protein. The neutralization mechanism interpreted via flow cytometry and Western blot shows that N235 appears to induce the S1 subunit shedding from the trimeric S complex. Furthermore, a nano-IgM construct (MN235), engineered by fusing N235 with the human IgM Fc region, displays prevention via inducing S1 shedding and cross-linking virus particles. Compared to N235, MN235 exhibits varied enhancement in neutralization against pseudotyped and authentic viruses in vitro. The intranasal administration of MN235 in low doses can effectively prevent the infection of Omicron sub-variant BA.1 and XBB in vivo, suggesting that it can be developed as a promising prophylactic antibody to cope with the ongoing and future infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Jinzhong, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Honghui Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Pu Han
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, 650504, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Xinxin Yan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Jinzhong, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Wenwen Lei
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Ke Xu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Jianjie Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxun Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 101408, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiwen Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Jinzhong, China
| | - Guizhen Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Biosafety, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Wen-Xia Tian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Jinzhong, China.
| | - George F Gao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Jinzhong, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China.
| | - Qihui Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, 030801, Jinzhong, China.
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), 100101, Beijing, China.
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Melayah S, Omrani N, Alouini H, Ghozzi M, Mrad S, Boussarsar M, Chaouch H, Hachfi W, Letaief A, Mankaï A, Ghedira I. IgA is the predominant isotype of anti-β2 glycoprotein I in patients with COVID-19. Lab Med 2024; 55:373-379. [PMID: 38124622 DOI: 10.1093/labmed/lmad097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this research was to determine the frequency of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL) in patients with COVID-19. METHODS The frequency and titers of anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies (aβ2GPI) were determined in sera of adult patients hospitalized with COVID-19. Immunoglobulin (Ig)G, IgA, IgM aCL, and aβ2GPI were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS Eighty-three patients were included in the study. The mean age of patients was 62 ± 13.9 years, ranging from 23 to 86 years. Stratification according to severity of infection divided patients in 2 groups: 45 patients with moderate infection and 38 patients with critical or severe infection. Out of the 83 patients suffering from COVID-19, aPL (aCL or aβ2GPI) were detected in 24 patients (28.9%). IgG, IgA and IgM aβ2GPI were positive in 2.4%, 16.9% and 8.4%, respectively. IgG, IgA and IgM aCL showed positivity in 7.2%, 0%, and 4.8%, respectively. The frequency of aPL was 36.8% in patients with critical/severe infection and 22.2% in patients with moderate infection. In critical/severe patients, the frequency of aβ2GPI was significantly higher than aCL (34.2% vs 13.2%, P = .03) and aβ2GPI-IgA were significantly more frequent than aβ2GPI-IgG (21.1% vs 2.6%, P = .028). CONCLUSION In this cross-sectional study, aPL and particularly aβ2GPI-IgA were common in patients with COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarra Melayah
- Laboratory of Immunology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- LR12SP11, Department of Biochemistry, Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Nouha Omrani
- Faculty of Sciences of Tunis, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Hela Alouini
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Mariam Ghozzi
- Laboratory of Immunology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
- LR14SP02, Research Unit "Epidemiology and Immunogenetics of Viral Infections," Sahloul University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Sawssen Mrad
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Boussarsar
- Departments of Departments of Medical Intensive Care, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Houda Chaouch
- Infectious Diseases, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Wissem Hachfi
- Infectious Diseases, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amel Letaief
- Infectious Diseases, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Amani Mankaï
- Laboratory of Immunology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- High School of Sciences and Techniques of Health, University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
- Research Unit "Obesity: Etiopathology and Treatment, UR18ES01," National Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Ibtissem Ghedira
- Laboratory of Immunology, Farhat Hached University Hospital, Sousse, Tunisia
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia
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5
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Pérez-Díez A, Liu X, Calderon S, Bennett A, Lisco A, Kellog A, Galindo F, Memoli MJ, Rocco JM, Epling BP, Laidlaw E, Sneller MC, Manion M, Wortmann GW, Poon R, Kumar P, Sereti I. Prevalence of anti-lymphocyte IgM autoantibodies driving complement activation in COVID-19 patients. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1352330. [PMID: 38694513 PMCID: PMC11061367 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1352330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction COVID-19 patients can develop autoantibodies against a variety of secreted and membrane proteins, including some expressed on lymphocytes. However, it is unclear what proportion of patients might develop anti-lymphocyte antibodies (ALAb) and what functional relevance they might have. Methods We evaluated the presence and lytic function of ALAb in the sera of a cohort of 85 COVID-19 patients (68 unvaccinated and 17 vaccinated) assigned to mild (N=63), or moderate/severe disease (N=22) groups. Thirty-seven patients were followed-up after recovery. We also analyzed in vivo complement deposition on COVID-19 patients' lymphocytes and examined its correlation with lymphocyte numbers during acute disease. Results Compared with healthy donors (HD), patients had an increased prevalence of IgM ALAb, which was significantly higher in moderate/severe disease patients and persisted after recovery. Sera from IgM ALAb+ patients exhibited complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) against HD lymphocytes. Complement protein C3b deposition on patients' CD4 T cells was inversely correlated with CD4 T cell numbers. This correlation was stronger in moderate/severe disease patients. Discussion IgM ALAb and complement activation against lymphocytes may contribute to the acute lymphopenia observed in COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ainhoa Pérez-Díez
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Xiangdong Liu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Stephanie Calderon
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ashlynn Bennett
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea Lisco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Anela Kellog
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Frances Galindo
- Division of Clinical Research, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew J. Memoli
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Joseph M. Rocco
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Brian P. Epling
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Elizabeth Laidlaw
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Mike C. Sneller
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Maura Manion
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Glenn W. Wortmann
- Section of Infectious Diseases, MedStar Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Rita Poon
- Division of Hospital Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Princy Kumar
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Irini Sereti
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
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6
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Fu X, Zhan Q, Zhang L, Tian X. Case report: Shingles-associated probable Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis with IgM anti-sulfatide positivity. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1358886. [PMID: 38660303 PMCID: PMC11041370 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1358886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Bickerstaff brainstem encephalitis (BBE) is a rare disease considered caused by acute demyelination of the brainstem, most often resulting from secondary autoimmune responses. To our knowledge, this is the first probable case report of shingles-associated BBE with anti-sulfatide IgM positivity. Case presentation We report the case of an 83-year-old woman with symptoms of progressive limb weakness, difficulty swallowing food, and disturbed consciousness that occurred 4 weeks following herpes zoster infection. Autoimmune anti-sulfatide antibodies were positive and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences revealed clear high signal intensity in pons and bilateral thalamus. Our patient's condition improved markedly with glucocorticoid treatment. After 2 months of treatment, our patient was fully recovered. We considered that for her case, BBE is the most appropriate diagnosis. Conclusions We emphasize the importance of a careful medical history and assessment of clinical symptoms, performing MRI, testing autoimmune antibodies for rapid diagnosis, and ruling out differential diagnoses. Further studies involving more patients with BBE with IgM anti-sulfatide autoantibodies will increase the understanding of the clinical characteristics and advance the diagnosis and treatment of this syndrome. Meanwhile, it is crucial for dermatologists to know about this severe neurological complication following shingles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Fu
- Baoding First Central Hospital, Baoding, Hebei, China
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7
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Serafim TD, Iniguez E, Barletta ABF, Cecilio P, Doehl JSP, Short M, Lack J, Nair V, Disotuar M, Wilson T, Coutinho-Abreu IV, Meneses C, Andersen J, Alves E Silva TL, Oliveira F, Vega-Rodriguez J, Barillas-Mury C, Ribeiro JMC, Beverley SM, Kamhawi S, Valenzuela JG. Leishmania genetic exchange is mediated by IgM natural antibodies. Nature 2023; 623:149-156. [PMID: 37880367 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06655-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
Host factors that mediate Leishmania genetic exchange are not well defined. Here we demonstrate that natural IgM (IgMn)1-4 antibodies mediate parasite genetic exchange by inducing the transient formation of a spherical parasite clump that promotes parasite fusion and hybrid formation. We establish that IgMn from Leishmania-free animals binds to the surface of Leishmania parasites to induce significant changes in the expression of parasite transcripts and proteins. Leishmania binding to IgMn is partially lost after glycosidase treatment, although parasite surface phosphoglycans, including lipophosphoglycan, are not required for IgMn-induced parasite clumping. Notably, the transient formation of parasite clumps is essential for Leishmania hybridization in vitro. In vivo, we observed a 12-fold increase in hybrid formation in sand flies provided a second blood meal containing IgMn compared with controls. Furthermore, the generation of recombinant progeny from mating hybrids and parental lines were only observed in sand flies provided with IgMn. Both in vitro and in vivo IgM-induced Leishmania crosses resulted in full genome hybrids that show equal patterns of biparental contribution. Leishmania co-option of a host natural antibody to facilitate mating in the insect vector establishes a new paradigm of parasite-host-vector interdependence that contributes to parasite diversity and fitness by promoting genetic exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago D Serafim
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Eva Iniguez
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Ana Beatriz F Barletta
- Mosquito Immunity and Vector Competence Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Pedro Cecilio
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Johannes S P Doehl
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Mara Short
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Justin Lack
- NIAID Collaborative Bioinformatics Resource, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Vinod Nair
- Rocky Mountain Laboratories, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, USA
| | - Maria Disotuar
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Wilson
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Iliano V Coutinho-Abreu
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Claudio Meneses
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - John Andersen
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Thiago Luiz Alves E Silva
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Fabiano Oliveira
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Joel Vega-Rodriguez
- Molecular Parasitology and Entomology Unit, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Carolina Barillas-Mury
- Mosquito Immunity and Vector Competence Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - José M C Ribeiro
- Vector Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Stephen M Beverley
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, School of Medicine, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Shaden Kamhawi
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Jesus G Valenzuela
- Vector Molecular Biology Section, Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA.
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8
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Schaefer-Babajew D, Wang Z, Muecksch F, Cho A, Loewe M, Cipolla M, Raspe R, Johnson B, Canis M, DaSilva J, Ramos V, Turroja M, Millard KG, Schmidt F, Witte L, Dizon J, Shimeliovich I, Yao KH, Oliveira TY, Gazumyan A, Gaebler C, Bieniasz PD, Hatziioannou T, Caskey M, Nussenzweig MC. Antibody feedback regulates immune memory after SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccination. Nature 2023; 613:735-742. [PMID: 36473496 PMCID: PMC9876794 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05609-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Feedback inhibition of humoral immunity by antibodies was first documented in 19091. Subsequent studies showed that, depending on the context, antibodies can enhance or inhibit immune responses2,3. However, little is known about how pre-existing antibodies influence the development of memory B cells. Here we examined the memory B cell response in individuals who received two high-affinity anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and subsequently two doses of an mRNA vaccine4-8. We found that the recipients of the monoclonal antibodies produced antigen-binding and neutralizing titres that were only fractionally lower compared than in control individuals. However, the memory B cells of the individuals who received the monoclonal antibodies differed from those of control individuals in that they predominantly expressed low-affinity IgM antibodies that carried small numbers of somatic mutations and showed altered receptor binding domain (RBD) target specificity, consistent with epitope masking. Moreover, only 1 out of 77 anti-RBD memory antibodies tested neutralized the virus. The mechanism underlying these findings was examined in experiments in mice that showed that germinal centres formed in the presence of the same antibodies were dominated by low-affinity B cells. Our results indicate that pre-existing high-affinity antibodies bias germinal centre and memory B cell selection through two distinct mechanisms: (1) by lowering the activation threshold for B cells, thereby permitting abundant lower-affinity clones to participate in the immune response; and (2) through direct masking of their cognate epitopes. This may in part explain the shifting target profile of memory antibodies elicited by booster vaccinations9.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zijun Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Frauke Muecksch
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alice Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Maximilian Loewe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Melissa Cipolla
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Raphael Raspe
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brianna Johnson
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marie Canis
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Justin DaSilva
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Ramos
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martina Turroja
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Katrina G Millard
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Fabian Schmidt
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Leander Witte
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Juan Dizon
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Shimeliovich
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kai-Hui Yao
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thiago Y Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anna Gazumyan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Christian Gaebler
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Paul D Bieniasz
- Laboratory of Retrovirology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
| | | | - Marina Caskey
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, New York, NY, USA.
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9
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Wang W, Qin X, Lin L, Wu J, Sun X, Zhao Y, Ju Y, Zhao Z, Ren L, Pang X, Guan Y, Zhang Y. Prostaglandin E 2-Induced AKT Activation Regulates the Life Span of Short-Lived Plasma Cells by Attenuating IRE1α Hyperactivation. J Immunol 2022; 208:1912-1923. [PMID: 35379745 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The mechanism regulating the life span of short-lived plasma cells (SLPCs) remains poorly understood. Here we demonstrated that the EP4-mediated activation of AKT by PGE2 was required for the proper control of inositol-requiring transmembrane kinase endoribonuclease-1α (IRE1α) hyperactivation and hence the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis in IgM-producing SLPCs. Disruption of the PGE2-EP4-AKT signaling pathway resulted in IRE1α-induced activation of JNK, leading to accelerated death of SLPCs. Consequently, Ptger4-deficient mice (C57BL/6) exhibited a markedly impaired IgM response to T-independent Ags and increased susceptibility to Streptococcus pneumoniae infection. This study reveals a highly selective impact of the PGE2-EP4 signal on the humoral immunity and provides a link between ER stress response and the life span of SLPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xiaodan Qin
- Departments of Pharmacology and Medicine, Cancer Research Center, Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA
| | - Liang Lin
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jia Wu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiuyuan Sun
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Yurong Ju
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Ziheng Zhao
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Liwei Ren
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Xuewen Pang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China
| | - Youfei Guan
- Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; and
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology (Peking University), Beijing, China;
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Jinzhou Medical University, Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
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10
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Munoz-Jordan J, Cardona J, Beltrán M, Colón C, Schiffer J, Stewart-Clark E, Zellner B, Semenova V, Li Y, Jia LT, Maniatis P, Pawloski L, Adams L, Paz-Bailey G, Rivera-Amill V, Medina F. Evaluation of Serologic Cross-Reactivity Between Dengue Virus and SARS-CoV-2 in Patients with Acute Febrile Illness — United States and Puerto Rico, April 2020–March 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2022; 71:375-377. [PMID: 35271558 PMCID: PMC8912001 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm7110a3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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11
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Chawla H, Jossi SE, Faustini SE, Samsudin F, Allen JD, Watanabe Y, Newby ML, Marcial-Juárez E, Lamerton RE, McLellan JS, Bond PJ, Richter AG, Cunningham AF, Crispin M. Glycosylation and Serological Reactivity of an Expression-enhanced SARS-CoV-2 Viral Spike Mimetic. J Mol Biol 2022; 434:167332. [PMID: 34717971 PMCID: PMC8550889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.167332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extensive glycosylation of viral glycoproteins is a key feature of the antigenic surface of viruses and yet glycan processing can also be influenced by the manner of their recombinant production. The low yields of the soluble form of the trimeric spike (S) glycoprotein from SARS-CoV-2 has prompted advances in protein engineering that have greatly enhanced the stability and yields of the glycoprotein. The latest expression-enhanced version of the spike incorporates six proline substitutions to stabilize the prefusion conformation (termed SARS-CoV-2 S HexaPro). Although the substitutions greatly enhanced expression whilst not compromising protein structure, the influence of these substitutions on glycan processing has not been explored. Here, we show that the site-specific N-linked glycosylation of the expression-enhanced HexaPro resembles that of an earlier version containing two proline substitutions (2P), and that both capture features of native viral glycosylation. However, there are site-specific differences in glycosylation of HexaPro when compared to 2P. Despite these discrepancies, analysis of the serological reactivity of clinical samples from infected individuals confirmed that both HexaPro and 2P protein are equally able to detect IgG, IgA, and IgM responses in all sera analysed. Moreover, we extend this observation to include an analysis of glycan engineered S protein, whereby all N-linked glycans were converted to oligomannose-type and conclude that serological activity is not impacted by large scale changes in glycosylation. These observations suggest that variations in glycan processing will not impact the serological assessments currently being performed across the globe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshi Chawla
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Sian E Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Sian E Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Firdaus Samsudin
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore
| | - Joel D Allen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK; Oxford Glycobiology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QU, UK
| | - Maddy L Newby
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Edith Marcial-Juárez
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Rachel E Lamerton
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Jason S McLellan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Peter J Bond
- Bioinformatics Institute, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore 138671, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Alex G Richter
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Adam F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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12
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Zhang X, Li J, Wang Y, Liu M, Liu F, Zhang X, Pei L, Wang T, Jiang D, Wang X, Zhang J, Dai L. A Diagnostic Model With IgM Autoantibodies and Carcinoembryonic Antigen for Early Detection of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Front Immunol 2022; 12:728853. [PMID: 35140701 PMCID: PMC8818794 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.728853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin M (IgM) autoantibodies, as the early appearing antibodies in humoral immunity when stimulated by antigens, might be excellent biomarkers for the early detection of lung cancer (LC). We aimed to develop a multi-analyte integrative model combining IgM autoantibodies and a traditional tumor biomarker that could be a valuable and powerful auxiliary diagnostic tool and might improve the accuracy of early detection of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). A customized protein array based on cancer driver genes was constructed and applied in the discovery cohort consisting of 68 LUAD patients and 68 normal controls (NCs); 31 differentially expressed IgM autoantibodies were identified. The top 5 candidate IgM autoantibodies [based on the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) ranking], namely, TSHR, ERBB2, survivin, PIK3CA, and JAK2, were validated in the validation cohort using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which included 147 LUAD samples, 72 lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) samples, 44 small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) samples, and 147 NCs. These indicators presented diagnostic capacity for LUAD, with AUCs of 0.599, 0.613, 0.579, 0.601, and 0.633, respectively (p < 0.05). However, none of them showed a significant difference between the SCLC and NC groups, and only the IgM autoantibody against JAK2 showed a higher expression in LUSC than in NC (p = 0.046). Through logistic regression analysis, with the five IgM autoantibodies and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), one diagnostic model was constructed for LUAD. The model yielded an AUC of 0.827 (sensitivity = 56.63%, specificity = 93.98%). The diagnostic efficiency was superior to that of either CEA (AUC = 0.692) or IgM autoantibodies alone (AUC = 0.698). Notably, the accuracy of this model in early-stage LUAD reached 83.02%. In conclusion, we discovered and identified five novel IgM indicators and developed a multi-analyte model combining IgM autoantibodies and CEA, which could be a valuable and powerful auxiliary diagnostic tool and might improve the accuracy of early detection of LUAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaqi Li
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yulin Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Man Liu
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Fenghui Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiuzhi Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Henan Medical College, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lu Pei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Zhengzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tingting Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Di Jiang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liping Dai
- Henan Institute of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences & School of Basic Medical Sciences, Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Key Laboratory of Tumor Epidemiology & Henan Key Medical Laboratory of Tumor Molecular Biomarkers, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Liping Dai,
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13
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Guarino C, Larson E, Babasyan S, Rollins A, Joshi LR, Laverack M, Parrilla L, Plocharczyk E, Diel DG, Wagner B. Development of a quantitative COVID-19 multiplex assay and its use for serological surveillance in a low SARS-CoV-2 incidence community. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262868. [PMID: 35061843 PMCID: PMC8782306 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A serological COVID-19 Multiplex Assay was developed and validated using serum samples from convalescent patients and those collected prior to the 2020 pandemic. After initial testing of multiple potential antigens, the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein (NP) and receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike protein were selected for the human COVID-19 Multiplex Assay. A comparison of synthesized and mammalian expressed RBD proteins revealed clear advantages of mammalian expression. Antibodies directed against NP strongly correlated with SARS-CoV-2 virus neutralization assay titers (rsp = 0.726), while anti-RBD correlation was moderate (rsp = 0.436). Pan-Ig, IgG, IgA, and IgM against NP and RBD antigens were evaluated on the validation sample sets. Detection of NP and RBD specific IgG and IgA had outstanding performance (AUC > 0.90) for distinguishing patients from controls, but the dynamic range of the IgG assay was substantially greater. The COVID-19 Multiplex Assay was utilized to identify seroprevalence to SARS-CoV-2 in people living in a low-incidence community in Ithaca, NY. Samples were taken from a cohort of healthy volunteers (n = 332) in early June 2020. Only two volunteers had a positive result on a COVID-19 PCR test performed prior to serum sampling. Serological testing revealed an exposure rate of at least 1.2% (NP) or as high as 5.7% (RBD), higher than the measured incidence rate of 0.16% in the county at that time. This highly sensitive and quantitative assay can be used for monitoring community exposure rates and duration of immune response following both infection and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Guarino
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Elisabeth Larson
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Susanna Babasyan
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Alicia Rollins
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lok R. Joshi
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Melissa Laverack
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Lara Parrilla
- Cayuga Medical Center, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | | | - Diego G. Diel
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
| | - Bettina Wagner
- Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States of America
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14
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Park S, Chang SH, Lee JH, Lee JH, Ham JY, Kim YK, Kim SG, Ryoo NH. Serological evaluation of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 in Daegu, South Korea. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262820. [PMID: 35051239 PMCID: PMC8775192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background
Early and accurate detection of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is critical to prevent spread of the infection. Understanding of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is insufficient, particularly in relation to those whose responses persist for more than 1 month after the onset of symptoms. We conducted a SARS-CoV-2 antibody test to identify factors affecting the serological response and to evaluate its diagnostic utility in patients with COVID-19.
Methods and finding
We collected 1,048 residual serum samples from 396 patients with COVID-19 confirmed by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2. The samples had been used for routine admission tests in six healthcare institutions in Daegu. Antibody to SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed and the cutoff index (COI) was calculated for quantitative analysis. The patients’ information was reviewed to evaluate the relationship between antibody positivity and clinical characteristics. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rate was 85% and the average COI was 24·3. The positivity rate and COI increased with time elapsed since symptom onset. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody persisted for at least 13 weeks after symptom onset at a high COI. There was a significant difference in anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody positivity rate between patients with and without symptoms, but not according to sex or disease course. The descending COI pattern at weeks 1 to 5 after symptom onset was significantly more frequent in patients who died than in those who recovered.
Conclusions
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody persisted for at least 13 weeks at a high COI in patients with COVID-19. A decreasing COI pattern up to fifth week may be associated with a poor prognosis of COVID-19. As new treatments and vaccines are introduced, it is important to monitor continuously the usefulness of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunggyun Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Soon Hee Chang
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae Hee Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University Daegu-Dongsan Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jong Ho Lee
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ji Yeon Ham
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Kim
- Department of Clinical Pathology, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Sang-Gyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Daegu Catholic University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Nam Hee Ryoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
- * E-mail:
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15
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Wang Y, Wang L, Fu C, Wang X, Zuo S, Shu C, Shan Y, He J, Zhou Q, Li W, Yang YG, Hu Z, Hua S. Exploration of Human Lung-Resident Immunity and Response to Respiratory Viral Immunization in a Humanized Mouse Model. J Immunol 2022; 208:420-428. [PMID: 34903640 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There are urgent needs for humanized mouse models of viral respiratory diseases to study immunopathogenesis and therapeutic interventions. Although human immune system (HIS) mice permit analysis in real time of human immune responses in vivo, evolutionary divergences preclude their usefulness for the respiratory viruses that do not infect mouse lungs. In this study, we sought to use HIS mice with human lung (HL) tissue xenografts (HISL mice) to address this issue. The grafted HL tissue maintained histologically normal structure, and populated with human tissue-resident immune cells, including CD11c+ dendritic cells and CD4+ and CD8+ tissue-resident memory T cells. HISL mice showed a marked expansion of tissue-resident memory T cells and generation of viral Ag-specific T cells in the HL xenografts, and production of antiviral IgM and IgG Abs upon immunization of the HL xenograft by H1N1 influenza viruses. RNA-seq analysis on H1N1-infected and control HL xenografts identified a total of 5089 differentially expressed genes with enrichments for genes involved in respiratory diseases, viral infections, and associated immune responses. Furthermore, prophylactic viral exposures resulted in protection against subsequent lethal challenge by intranasal viral inoculation. This study supports the usefulness of this preclinical model in exploring the immunopathology and therapies of respiratory viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixin Wang
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Cong Fu
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Xue Wang
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Siyao Zuo
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Chang Shu
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Shan
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; and
| | - Yong-Guang Yang
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
- International Center of Future Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zheng Hu
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Animal Models for Human Diseases, Changchun, China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiration, Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Transplantation of Ministry of Education, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China;
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16
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Bitencourt J, Peralta-Álvarez MP, Wilkie M, Jacobs A, Wright D, Salman Almujri S, Li S, Harris SA, Smith SG, Elias SC, White AD, Satti I, Sharpe SS, O’Shea MK, McShane H, Tanner R. Induction of Functional Specific Antibodies, IgG-Secreting Plasmablasts and Memory B Cells Following BCG Vaccination. Front Immunol 2022; 12:798207. [PMID: 35069580 PMCID: PMC8767055 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.798207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a major global health problem and the only currently-licensed vaccine, BCG, is inadequate. Many TB vaccine candidates are designed to be given as a boost to BCG; an understanding of the BCG-induced immune response is therefore critical, and the opportunity to relate this to circumstances where BCG does confer protection may direct the design of more efficacious vaccines. While the T cell response to BCG vaccination has been well-characterized, there is a paucity of literature on the humoral response. We demonstrate BCG vaccine-mediated induction of specific antibodies in different human populations and macaque species which represent important preclinical models for TB vaccine development. We observe a strong correlation between antibody titers in serum versus plasma with modestly higher titers in serum. We also report for the first time the rapid and transient induction of antibody-secreting plasmablasts following BCG vaccination, together with a robust and durable memory B cell response in humans. Finally, we demonstrate a functional role for BCG vaccine-induced specific antibodies in opsonizing mycobacteria and enhancing macrophage phagocytosis in vitro, which may contribute to the BCG vaccine-mediated control of mycobacterial growth observed. Taken together, our findings indicate that the humoral immune response in the context of BCG vaccination merits further attention to determine whether TB vaccine candidates could benefit from the induction of humoral as well as cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Bitencourt
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Laboratório Avançado de Saúde Pública, Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM/Fiocruz), Salvador, Brazil
| | | | - Morven Wilkie
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ashley Jacobs
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Medicine, Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Daniel Wright
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Salem Salman Almujri
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Shuailin Li
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Stephanie A. Harris
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G. Smith
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Biosciences, Brunel University, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sean C. Elias
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew D. White
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Iman Satti
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Sally S. Sharpe
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency, Porton Down, Salisbury, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew K. O’Shea
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Helen McShane
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel Tanner
- The Jenner Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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17
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Kober C, Manni S, Wolff S, Barnes T, Mukherjee S, Vogel T, Hoenig L, Vogel P, Hahn A, Gerlach M, Vey M, Widmer E, Keiner B, Schuetz P, Roth N, Kalina U. IgG3 and IgM Identified as Key to SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization in Convalescent Plasma Pools. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262162. [PMID: 34982806 PMCID: PMC8726489 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Analysis of convalescent plasma derived from individuals has shown that IgG3 has the most important role in binding to SARS-CoV-2 antigens; however, this has not yet been confirmed in large studies, and the link between binding and neutralization has not been confirmed. By analyzing plasma pools consisting of 247-567 individual convalescent donors, we demonstrated the binding of IgG3 and IgM to Spike-1 protein and the receptor-binding domain correlates strongly with viral neutralization in vitro. Furthermore, despite accounting for only approximately 12% of total immunoglobulin mass, collectively IgG3 and IgM account for approximately 80% of the total neutralization. This may have important implications for the development of potent therapies for COVID-19, as it indicates that hyperimmune globulins or convalescent plasma donations with high IgG3 concentrations may be a highly efficacious therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Kober
- Research & Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Sandro Manni
- Research & Development, CSL Behring, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Svenja Wolff
- Research & Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Barnes
- Research & Development, CSL Behring, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Thomas Vogel
- Research & Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Lea Hoenig
- Research & Development, CSL Behring, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Peter Vogel
- Research & Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Aaron Hahn
- Research & Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Michaela Gerlach
- Research & Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | - Martin Vey
- Research & Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Björn Keiner
- Research & Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - Nathan Roth
- Research & Development, CSL Behring, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Uwe Kalina
- Research & Development, CSL Behring Innovation GmbH, Marburg, Germany
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18
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Zhang J, Zhang H, Sun L. Therapeutic antibodies for COVID-19: is a new age of IgM, IgA and bispecific antibodies coming? MAbs 2022; 14:2031483. [PMID: 35220888 PMCID: PMC8890389 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2022.2031483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Early humoral immune responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) are dominated by IgM and IgA antibodies, which greatly contribute to virus neutralization at mucosal sites. Given the essential roles of IgM and IgA in the control and elimination of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the mucosal immunity could be exploited for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes. However, almost all neutralizing antibodies that are authorized for emergency use and under clinical development are IgG antibodies, and no vaccine has been developed to boost mucosal immunity for SARS-CoV-2 infection. In addition to IgM and IgA, bispecific antibodies (bsAbs) combine specificities of two antibodies in one molecule, representing an important alternative to monoclonal antibody cocktails. Here, we summarize the latest advances in studies on IgM, IgA and bsAbs against SARS-CoV-2. The current challenges and future directions in vaccine design and antibody-based therapeutics are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zhang
- Department of Pathogens and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107China
| | - Han Zhang
- Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China, 650118
| | - Litao Sun
- Department of Pathogens and Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107China
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19
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Solastie A, Virta C, Haveri A, Ekström N, Kantele A, Miettinen S, Lempainen J, Jalkanen P, Kakkola L, Dub T, Julkunen I, Melin M. A Highly Sensitive and Specific SARS-CoV-2 Spike- and Nucleoprotein-Based Fluorescent Multiplex Immunoassay (FMIA) to Measure IgG, IgA, and IgM Class Antibodies. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0113121. [PMID: 34787485 PMCID: PMC8597651 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01131-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Validation and standardization of accurate serological assays are crucial for the surveillance of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and population immunity. We describe the analytical and clinical performance of an in-house fluorescent multiplex immunoassay (FMIA) for simultaneous quantification of antibodies against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) nucleoprotein and spike glycoprotein. Furthermore, we calibrated IgG-FMIA against World Health Organization (WHO) International Standard and compared FMIA results to an in-house enzyme immunoassay (EIA) and a microneutralization test (MNT). We also compared the MNT results of two laboratories. IgG-FMIA displayed 100% specificity and sensitivity for samples collected 13 to 150 days post-onset of symptoms (DPO). For IgA- and IgM-FMIA, 100% specificity and sensitivity were obtained for a shorter time window (13 to 36 and 13 to 28 DPO for IgA- and IgM-FMIA, respectively). FMIA and EIA results displayed moderate to strong correlation, but FMIA was overall more specific and sensitive. IgG-FMIA identified 100% of samples with neutralizing antibodies (NAbs). Anti-spike IgG concentrations correlated strongly (ρ = 0.77 to 0.84, P < 2.2 × 10-16) with NAb titers, and the two laboratories' NAb titers displayed a very strong correlation (ρ = 0.95, P < 2.2 × 10-16). Our results indicate good correlation and concordance of antibody concentrations measured with different types of in-house SARS-CoV-2 antibody assays. Calibration against the WHO international standard did not, however, improve the comparability of FMIA and EIA results. IMPORTANCE SARS-CoV-2 serological assays with excellent clinical performance are essential for reliable estimation of the persistence of immunity after infection or vaccination. In this paper we present a thoroughly validated SARS-CoV-2 serological assay with excellent clinical performance and good comparability to neutralizing antibody titers. Neutralization tests are still considered the gold standard for SARS-CoV-2 serological assays, but our assay can identify samples with neutralizing antibodies with 100% sensitivity and 96% specificity without the need for laborious and slow biosafety level 3 (BSL-3) facility-requiring analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Solastie
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Camilla Virta
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Haveri
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nina Ekström
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anu Kantele
- Meilahti Infectious Diseases and Vaccination Research Center, MeiVac, Department of Infectious Diseases, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Simo Miettinen
- Department of Virology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Lempainen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
- Immunogenetics Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pinja Jalkanen
- Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Kakkola
- Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Timothée Dub
- Department of Health Security, Infectious Disease Control and Vaccinations Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ilkka Julkunen
- Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Clinical Microbiology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Merit Melin
- Department of Health Security, Expert Microbiology Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Tarkowski M, de Jager W, Schiuma M, Covizzi A, Lai A, Gabrieli A, Corbellino M, Bergna A, Ventura CD, Galli M, Riva A, Antinori S. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin Isotypes, and Neutralization Activity Against Viral Variants, According to BNT162b2-Vaccination and Infection History. Front Immunol 2021; 12:793191. [PMID: 34975897 PMCID: PMC8718396 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.793191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare SARS-CoV-2 antigen-specific antibody production and plasma neutralizing capacity against B.1 wild-type-like strain, and Gamma/P.1 and Delta/B.1.617.2 variants-of-concern, in subjects with different Covid-19 disease and vaccination histories. Methods Adult subjects were: 1) Unvaccinated/hospitalized for Covid-19; 2) Covid-19-recovered followed by one BNT162b2 vaccine dose; and 3) Covid-19-naïve/2-dose BNT162b2 vaccinated. Multiplex Luminex® immunoassays measured IgG, IgA, and IgM plasma levels against SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain (RBD), spike-1 (S), and nucleocapsid proteins. Neutralizing activity was determined in Vero E6 cytopathic assays. Results Maximum anti-RBD IgG levels were similar in Covid-19‑recovered individuals 8‒10 days after single-dose vaccination and in Covid-19-naïve subjects 7 days after 2nd vaccine dosing; both groups had ≈2‑fold higher anti-RBD IgG levels than Unvaccinated/Covid-19 subjects tracked through 2 weeks post-symptom onset. Anti-S IgG expression patterns were similar to RBD within each group, but with lower signal strengths. Viral antigen-specific IgA and IgM levels were more variable than IgG patterns. Anti-nucleocapsid immunoglobulins were not detected in Covid-19-naïve subjects. Neutralizing activity against the B.1 strain, and Gamma/P.1 and Delta/B.1.617.2 variants, was highest in Covid‑19-recovered/single-dose vaccinated subjects; although neutralization against the Delta variant in this group was only 26% compared to B.1 neutralization, absolute anti-Delta titers suggested maintained protection. Neutralizing titers against the Gamma and Delta variants were 33‒77% and 26‒67%, respectively, versus neutralization against the B.1 strain (100%) in the three groups. Conclusion These findings support SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine usefulness regardless of Covid-19 history, and confirm remarkable protection provided by a single vaccine dose in people who have recovered from Covid-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Tarkowski
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Marco Schiuma
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alice Covizzi
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Lai
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Arianna Gabrieli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Corbellino
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali (ASST) Fatebenefratelli Sacco Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Annalisa Bergna
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Carla Della Ventura
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Massimo Galli
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Agostino Riva
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Spinello Antinori
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences L. Sacco, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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21
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Rodriguez JAM, Bifano M, Roca Goma E, Plasencia CM, Torralba AO, Font MS, Millán PR. Effect and Tolerability of a Nutritional Supplement Based on a Synergistic Combination of β-Glucans and Selenium- and Zinc-Enriched Saccharomyces cerevisiae (ABB C1 ®) in Volunteers Receiving the Influenza or the COVID-19 Vaccine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13124347. [PMID: 34959898 PMCID: PMC8708701 DOI: 10.3390/nu13124347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A single-center, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted in 72 volunteers who received a synergistic combination of yeast-based ingredients with a unique β-1,3/1,6-glucan complex and a consortium of heat-treated probiotic Saccharomyces cerevisiae rich in selenium and zinc (ABB C1®) or placebo on the next day after getting vaccinated against influenza (Chiromas®) (n = 34) or the COVID-19 (Comirnaty®) (n = 38). The duration of treatment was 30 and 35 days for the influenza and COVID-19 vaccine groups, respectively. Mean levels of CD4+T cells increased from 910.7 at baseline to 1000.2 cells/µL after the second dose of the COVID-19 vaccine in the ABB C1® group, whereas there was a decrease from 1055.1 to 929.8 cells/µL in the placebo group. Changes of CD3+T and CD8+T lymphocytes showed a similar trend. In the COVID-19 cohort, the increases in both IgG and IgM were higher in the ABB C1® supplement than in the placebo group. Serum levels of selenium and zinc showed a higher increase in subjects treated with the active product than in those receiving placebo. No serious adverse events related to ABB C1® or tolerance issues were reported. The study findings validate the capacity of the ABB C1® product to stimulate trained immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián Andrés Mateus Rodriguez
- Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè, Hermanas Hospitalarias, 08042 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (C.M.P.); (A.O.T.); (M.S.F.); (P.R.M.)
- Clinica Nostra Senyora del Remei, 08024 Barcelona, Spain
- CBC Isabel Roig, 08030 Barcelona, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-93-4275250
| | - Mónica Bifano
- Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè, Hermanas Hospitalarias, 08042 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (C.M.P.); (A.O.T.); (M.S.F.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Elvira Roca Goma
- Unitat Polivalent Barcelona Nord, Hermanas Hospitalarias, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
| | - Carlos Méndez Plasencia
- Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè, Hermanas Hospitalarias, 08042 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (C.M.P.); (A.O.T.); (M.S.F.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Anna Olivé Torralba
- Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè, Hermanas Hospitalarias, 08042 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (C.M.P.); (A.O.T.); (M.S.F.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Mercè Santó Font
- Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè, Hermanas Hospitalarias, 08042 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (C.M.P.); (A.O.T.); (M.S.F.); (P.R.M.)
| | - Pedro Roy Millán
- Hospital Mare de Déu de la Mercè, Hermanas Hospitalarias, 08042 Barcelona, Spain; (M.B.); (C.M.P.); (A.O.T.); (M.S.F.); (P.R.M.)
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Ramos-Martínez A, Serrano-Martínez F, Pintos I, Valencia-Alijo Á, Gutiérrez-Rojas Á, Cítores MJ, Ortiz-Balbuena J, Royuela A, Martínez-Ruiz R, Sánchez-Romero I, Asensio Á, Múñez E, Plaza A. Effective definition of low humoral response to Clostridioides difficile infection. Anaerobe 2021; 72:102475. [PMID: 34752901 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Determination of the humoral response to Clostridioides difficile (CD) toxins could be of great value in the management of patients with CD infection (CDI). METHODS A prospective study was conducted on the clinical characteristics and humoral response in patients with CDI. Determination of ELISA IgG CD anti-toxin B (tgcBiomics, Germany) was performed. The following dilutions were planned for each patient, 1:100, 1: 200, 1: 400, 1: 800: 1: 1600. A significant concentration of antibody was considered to be present in each dilution if an optical density 0.2 units higher than the negative control of the technique was evident. RESULTS Eighty-five patients were included during the study period, November 2018-February 2020. The median age was 73 years (interquartile range: 62.5-85 years), with female predominance (45 patients, 52.9%). Thirty-nine patients (45.9%) had a severe infection. Seven patients (8.2%) had suffered an episode of CDI in the previous three months. Seventeen patients (20%) had one or more recurrent episodes during the three-month follow-up: No patient died during admission or required surgery for severe-complicated infection. The incidence of recurrence in patients with no antibody detected at 1:400 dilution was 25.4% (16 patients) while it was 4.3% (one patient) in patients with antibody present at that dilution (p = 0.03). Liver cirrhosis was associated with higher humoral response against CD. CONCLUSIONS Antibodies IgG CD anti-toxin B detection at a dilution of 1:400, using a B ELISA technique, effectively identified patients at increased risk of recurrence. This information could help assist in the management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Ramos-Martínez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Departamento de Medicina Interna, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Puerta de Hierro - Segovia de Arana (IDIPHSA), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Francisco Serrano-Martínez
- Departamento de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ilduara Pintos
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángela Valencia-Alijo
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángela Gutiérrez-Rojas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Jesús Cítores
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jorge Ortiz-Balbuena
- Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ana Royuela
- Biostatistics Unit, Puerta de Hierro Biomedical Research Institute (IDIPHISA), CIBERESP, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Rocío Martínez-Ruiz
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Isabel Sánchez-Romero
- Departamento de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Ángel Asensio
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Elena Múñez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Departamento de Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Aresio Plaza
- Departamento de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Joaquín Rodrigo 2, 2822, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain.
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23
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Magliulo D, Wade SD, Kyttaris VC. Immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in rituximab-treated patients: Effect of timing and immunologic parameters. Clin Immunol 2021; 234:108897. [PMID: 34848357 PMCID: PMC8627008 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2021.108897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rituximab (RTX), an important therapeutic option for patients with rheumatic diseases, has been shown to reduce immune responses to various vaccines. We asked whether following SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, response rates in RTX treated patients are reduced and whether specific patient characteristics influence the responses. We recruited patients on chronic RTX therapy undergoing anti-SARS-CoV2 vaccination and measured the post-vaccination anti-spike IgG antibody levels. The median time from pre-vaccination RTX infusion to vaccination and from vaccination to the post-vaccination RTX infusion was 20.5 weeks and 7.2 weeks respectively. Only 36.5% of patients developed measurable titers of IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 spike antibody after vaccination. Hypogammaglobulinemia (IgG and/or IgM) but not timing of vaccination, B cell numbers, or concomitant immune suppressive medications, correlated with sero-negativity (p = 0.004). Our results underscore the fact that even after B cell reconstitution, RTX induced chronic hypogammaglobulinemia significantly impairs the ability of the immune system to respond to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Magliulo
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Stefanie D Wade
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Vasileios C Kyttaris
- Division of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America.
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Wang J, Guo C, Cai L, Liao C, Yi H, Li Q, Hu H, Deng Q, Lu Y, Guo Z, Chen Z, Lu J. Pre-Existing Cross-Reactive Antibody Responses Do Not Significantly Impact Inactivated COVID-19 Vaccine-Induced Neutralization. Front Immunol 2021; 12:772511. [PMID: 34868035 PMCID: PMC8640209 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.772511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent exposure to seasonal coronaviruses (sCoVs) may stimulate cross-reactive antibody responses against severe acute respiratory syndrome CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have produced divergent results regarding protective or damaging immunity induced by prior sCoV exposure. It remains unknown whether pre-existing humoral immunity plays a role in vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. In this study, we collected 36 paired sera samples from 36 healthy volunteers before and after immunization with inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccines for COVID-19, and analyzed the distribution and intensity of pre-existing antibody responses at the epitope level pre-vaccination as well as the relationship between pre-existing sCoV immunity and vaccine-induced neutralization. We observed large amounts of pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies in the conserved regions among sCoVs, especially the S2 subunit. Excep t for a few peptides, the IgG and IgM fluorescence intensities against S, M and N peptides did not differ significantly between pre-vaccination and post-vaccination sera of vaccinees who developed a neutralization inhibition rate (%inhibition) <40 and %inhibition ≥40 after two doses of the COVID-19 vaccine. Participants with strong and weak pre-existing cross-reactive antibodies (strong pre-CRA; weak pre-CRA) had similar %inhibition pre-vaccination (10.9% ± 2.9% vs. 12.0% ± 2.2%, P=0.990) and post-vaccination (43.8% ± 25.1% vs. 44.6% ± 21.5%, P=0.997). Overall, the strong pre-CRA group did not show a significantly greater increase in antibody responses to the S protein linear peptides post-vaccination compared with the weak pre-CRA group. Therefore, we found no evidence for a significant impact of pre-existing antibody responses on inactivated vaccine-induced neutralization and antibody responses. Our research provides an important basis for inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine use in the context of high sCoV seroprevalence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Center for Infection and Immunity, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Lin Cai
- Futian District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shenzhen, China
| | - Conghui Liao
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huaimin Yi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qianlin Li
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Deng
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuying Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhongmin Guo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zeliang Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiahai Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- National Medical Products Administration (NMPA) Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Guangzhou, China
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25
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Golan Y, Prahl M, Cassidy AG, Gay C, Wu AHB, Jigmeddagva U, Lin CY, Gonzalez VJ, Basilio E, Chidboy MA, Warrier L, Buarpung S, Li L, Murtha AP, Asiodu IV, Ahituv N, Flaherman VJ, Gaw SL. COVID-19 mRNA Vaccination in Lactation: Assessment of Adverse Events and Vaccine Related Antibodies in Mother-Infant Dyads. Front Immunol 2021; 12:777103. [PMID: 34804068 PMCID: PMC8595828 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.777103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Data regarding symptoms in the lactating mother-infant dyad and their immune response to COVID-19 mRNA vaccination during lactation are needed to inform vaccination guidelines. Methods From a prospective cohort of 50 lactating individuals who received mRNA-based vaccines for COVID-19 (mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2), blood and milk samples were collected prior to first vaccination dose, immediately prior to 2nd dose, and 4-10 weeks after 2nd dose. Symptoms in mother and infant were assessed by detailed questionnaires. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels in blood and milk were measured by Pylon 3D automated immunoassay and ELISA. In addition, vaccine-related PEGylated proteins in milk were measured by ELISA. Blood samples were collected from a subset of infants whose mothers received the vaccine during lactation (4-15 weeks after mothers' 2nd dose). Results No severe maternal or infant adverse events were reported in this cohort. Two mothers and two infants were diagnosed with COVID-19 during the study period before achieving full immune response. PEGylated proteins were not found at significant levels in milk after vaccination. After vaccination, levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and IgM significantly increased in maternal plasma and there was significant transfer of anti-SARS-CoV-2-Receptor Binding Domain (anti-RBD) IgA and IgG antibodies to milk. Milk IgA levels after the 2nd dose were negatively associated with infant age. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies were not detected in the plasma of infants whose mothers were vaccinated during lactation. Conclusions COVID-19 mRNA vaccines generate robust immune responses in plasma and milk of lactating individuals without severe adverse events reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yarden Golan
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Mary Prahl
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Global Health, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Arianna G. Cassidy
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Caryl Gay
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Alan H. B. Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Unurzul Jigmeddagva
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Christine Y. Lin
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Veronica J. Gonzalez
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Emilia Basilio
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Megan A. Chidboy
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lakshmi Warrier
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Sirirak Buarpung
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Lin Li
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Amy P. Murtha
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Ifeyinwa V. Asiodu
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Nadav Ahituv
- Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Valerie J. Flaherman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Gaw
- Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
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Kondo H, Fujimura T, Murotani F, Yazawa R, Tani R, Hirono I. Preliminary characterization of pathogen-detection activities of serum antibodies from the banded houndshark Triakis scyllium. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 124:104186. [PMID: 34214518 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies of cartilaginous fish are of scientific interest due to their phylogenetic position. In the present study, we developed antiserum against IgM of the banded houndshark, Triakis scyllium, and characterized binding activity of the IgM against fish pathogenic bacteria. Pentameric and monomeric IgM antibodies were separated by gel filtration chromatography using high performance liquid chromatography and SDS-PAGE. Antisera were developed by immunizing rabbits with unfractionated IgM antibodies separated by SDS-PAGE electrophoresis. Shark serum antibodies were found to have binding affinity for Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, Edwardsiella tarda, and Pseudomonas plecoglossicida antigens but not Lactococcus garvieae by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. We speculate the binding activities of shark antibodies may confer protection against certain bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidehiro Kondo
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan.
| | - Takumi Fujimura
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Fuyuka Murotani
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Yazawa
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Reoto Tani
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
| | - Ikuo Hirono
- Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, 4-5-7 Konan, Minato, Tokyo, 108-8477, Japan
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Trenti T, Pecoraro V, Pirotti T, Plebani M. IgM anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific determination: useful or confusing? Big Data analysis of a real-life scenario. Intern Emerg Med 2021; 16:2327-2330. [PMID: 33934298 PMCID: PMC8088482 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-021-02747-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tommaso Trenti
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Valentina Pecoraro
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Pirotti
- grid.476047.60000 0004 1756 2640Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Azienda USL of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Plebani
- grid.411474.30000 0004 1760 2630Department of Laboratory Medicine, University-Hospital of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Gong X, Yan H, Ma J, Zhu Z, Zhang S, Xu W, Huang J, Qiu X. Macrophage-Derived Immunoglobulin M Inhibits Inflammatory Responses via Modulating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112812. [PMID: 34831038 PMCID: PMC8616491 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig), a characteristic marker of B cells, is a multifunctional evolutionary conserved antibody critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis and developing fully protective humoral responses to pathogens. Increasing evidence revealed that Ig is widely expressed in non-immune cells; moreover, Ig produced by different lineages cells plays different biological roles. Recently, it has been reported that monocytes or macrophages also express Ig. However, its function remains unclear. In this study, we further identified that Ig, especially Ig mu heavy chain (IgM), was mainly expressed in mice macrophages. We also analyzed the IgM repertoire characteristic in macrophages and found that the VHDJH rearrangements of macrophage-derived IgM showed a restricted and conservative VHDJH pattern, which differed from the diverse VHDJH rearrangement pattern of the B cell-expressed IgM in an individual. Functional investigation showed that IgM knockdown significantly promoted macrophage migration and FAK/Src-Akt axis activation. Furthermore, some inflammatory cytokines such as MCP1 and IL-6 increased after IgM knockdown under LPS stimulation. A mechanism study revealed that the IgM interacted with binding immunoglobulin protein (Bip) and inhibited inflammatory response and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation in macrophages. Our data elucidate a previously unknown function of IgM in macrophages that explains its ability to act as a novel regulator of Bip to participate in endoplasmic reticulum stress and further regulate the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoting Gong
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.G.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (W.X.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Huige Yan
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.G.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (W.X.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Junfan Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.G.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (W.X.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Zhu Zhu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.G.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (W.X.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Shenghua Zhang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.G.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (W.X.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Weiyan Xu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.G.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (W.X.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Huang
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.G.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (W.X.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-108-280-2846 (J.H.); +86-108-280-5477 (X.Q.)
| | - Xiaoyan Qiu
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; (X.G.); (H.Y.); (J.M.); (Z.Z.); (S.Z.); (W.X.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100191, China
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (X.Q.); Tel.: +86-108-280-2846 (J.H.); +86-108-280-5477 (X.Q.)
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Shivatare SS, Rachel Cheng TJ, Cheng YY, Shivatare VS, Tsai TI, Chuang HY, Wu CY, Wong CH. Immunogenicity Evaluation of N-Glycans Recognized by HIV Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies. ACS Chem Biol 2021; 16:2016-2025. [PMID: 34649433 PMCID: PMC8526942 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.1c00375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
While the improved treatment of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is available, the development of an effective and safe prophylactic vaccine against HIV-1 is still an unrealized goal. Encouragingly, the discovery of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs) from HIV-1 positive patients that are capable of neutralizing a broad spectrum of HIV-1 isolates of various clades has accelerated the progress of vaccine development in the past few years. Some of these bNAbs recognize the N-glycans on the viral surface gp120 glycoprotein. We have been interested in using the glycan epitopes recognized by bNAbs for the development of vaccines to elicit bNAb-like antibodies with broadly neutralizing activities. Toward this goal, we have identified novel hybrid-type structures with subnanomolar avidity toward several bNAbs including PG16, PGT121, PGT128-3C, 2G12, VRC13, VRC-PG05, VRC26.25, VRC26.09, PGDM1400, 35O22, and 10-1074. Here, we report the immunogenicity evaluation of a novel hybrid glycan conjugated to carrier DTCRM197, a nontoxic mutant of the diphtheria toxin, for immunization in mice. Our results indicated that the IgG response was mainly against the chitobiose motif with nonspecific binding to a panel of N-glycans with reducing end GlcNAc-GlcNAc (chitobiose) printed on the glass slides. However, the IgM response was mainly toward the reducing end GlcNAc moiety. We further used the glycoconjugates of Man3GlcNAc2, Man5GlcNAc2, and Man9GlcNAc2 glycans for immunization, and a similar specificity pattern was observed. These findings suggest that the immunogenicity of chitobiose may interfere with the outcome of N-glycan-based vaccines, and modification may be necessary to increase the immunogenicity of the entire N-glycan epitope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachin S. Shivatare
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ting-Jen Rachel Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Yu Cheng
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Vidya S. Shivatare
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Tsung-I Tsai
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Hong-Yang Chuang
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yi Wu
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Huey Wong
- The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road, Section 2, Taipei 115, Taiwan
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Harikrishnan R, Devi G, Balasundaram C, Van Doan H, Jaturasitha S, Saravanan K, Ringø E. Impact of cinnamaldehyde on innate immunity and immune gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 117:1-16. [PMID: 34274424 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The effect of cinnamaldehyde (CM) enriched diet on immunity and cytokine gene expression in Channa striatus against Aphanomyces invadans is reported. C. striatus was uniformly divided into eight groups (n = 25 fish each) and fed with formulated diets with 0, 5, 10, and 15 mg kg-1 CM enriched diet. In healthy and infected groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 diet the leukocytes count increased significantly after 4th week; with 10 mg kg-1 CM diet the increase manifested after 6th week, but with 15 mg kg-1 not even after 8th week. In both groups, 5 mg kg-1 CM diet resulted in a significant increase in the serum total protein, albumin, and globulin levels after 4th week, whereas with other diets this effect was observed only after 6th week. Similarly, with any enriched diet the lysozyme activity increased significantly, but with 15 mg kg-1 CM diet only after 6th week. In both groups the complement activity and lymphocyte production increased significantly when fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 4th week while with other enriched diets only after 6th week. The phagocytic activity increased significantly in both groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 6th week, whereas the SOD activity increased after 4th week. The IgM production increased significantly in both groups fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet after 2nd week, while with 5 and 10 mg kg-1 CM diet after 4th week. In both groups, the expression of CXCR3α was significant on 4th week when fed with 10 mg kg-1 CM diet, while in the healthy group fed with 15 mg kg-1 CM diet the expression manifested earlier than 4th week. However, when fed with 10 and 15 mg kg-1 CM diets the increase was observed on 6th week; whereas, the expression of MHC-I reached the maximum on 6th week with any enriched diet. The results indicate that in C. striatus the innate immunity and expression of cytokine and immune related genes were significantly modulated when fed with 5 mg kg-1 CM diet on 4th week against A. invadans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramasamy Harikrishnan
- Department of Zoology, Pachaiyappa's College for Men, Kanchipuram, 631 501, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Gunapathy Devi
- Department of Zoology, Nehru Memorial College, Puthanampatti, 621 007, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Chellam Balasundaram
- Department of Herbal and Environmental Science, Tamil University, Thanjavur, 613 005, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Hien Van Doan
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand.
| | - Sanchai Jaturasitha
- Department of Animal and Aquatic Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand; Science and Technology Research Institute, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huay Keaw Rd., Suthep, Muang, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | | | - Einar Ringø
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, Faculty of Bioscience, Fisheries and Economics, UiT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Ahmed AR, Aksoy M. IgM Deficiency in Autoimmune Blistering Mucocutaneous Diseases Following Various Treatments: Long Term Follow-Up and Relevant Observations. Front Immunol 2021; 12:727520. [PMID: 34646266 PMCID: PMC8504479 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.727520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
IgM deficiency has been reported in patients with many autoimmune diseases treated with Rituximab (RTX). It has not been studied, in detail, in autoimmune mucocutaneous blistering diseases (AIMBD). Our objectives were: (i) Examine the dynamics of IgM levels in patients with and without RTX. (ii) Influence of reduced serum IgM levels on clinical and laboratory parameters. (iii) Explore the possible molecular and cellular basis for reduced serum IgM levels. This retrospective study that was conducted in a single-center from 2000 to 2020. Serial IgM levels were studied in 348 patients with five AIMBD (pemphigus vulgaris, pemphigus foliaceus, bullous pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, and ocular cicatricial pemphigoid) and found decreased in 55 patients treated with RTX, IVIG, and conventional immunosuppressive therapy (CIST). Hence the incidence of decreased serum IgM is low. The incidence of decreased IgM in patients treated with RTX was 19.6%, in patients treated with IVIG and CIST, it was 52.8% amongst the 55 patients. IgM levels in the post-RTX group were statistically significantly different from the IVIG group (p<0.018) and CIST group (p<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences between the groups in other clinical and laboratory measures. Decreased serum IgM did not affect depletion or repopulation of CD19+ B cells. Patients in the three groups achieved clinical and serological remission, in spite of decreased IgM levels. Decrease in IgM was isolated, since IgG and IgA were normal throughout the study period. Decreased IgM persisted at the same level, while the patients were in clinical remission, for several years. In spite of persistent decreased IgM levels, the patients did not develop infections, tumors, other autoimmune diseases, or warrant hospitalization. Studies on IgM deficiency in knockout mice provided valuable insights. There is no universally accepted mechanism that defines decreased IgM levels in AIMBD. The data is complex, multifactorial, sometimes contradictory, and not well understood. Nonetheless, data in this study provides novel information that enhances our understanding of the biology of IgM in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Razzaque Ahmed
- Department of Dermatology, The Center for Blistering Diseases, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
- Dermatology Service, Boston Veterans Administration Health Services, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Merve Aksoy
- Department of Dermatology, The Center for Blistering Diseases, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Piano Mortari E, Russo C, Vinci MR, Terreri S, Fernandez Salinas A, Piccioni L, Alteri C, Colagrossi L, Coltella L, Ranno S, Linardos G, Agosta M, Albano C, Agrati C, Castilletti C, Meschi S, Romania P, Roscilli G, Pavoni E, Camisa V, Santoro A, Brugaletta R, Magnavita N, Ruggiero A, Cotugno N, Amodio D, Ciofi Degli Atti ML, Giorgio D, Russo N, Salvatori G, Corsetti T, Locatelli F, Perno CF, Zaffina S, Carsetti R. Highly Specific Memory B Cells Generation after the 2nd Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine Compensate for the Decline of Serum Antibodies and Absence of Mucosal IgA. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102541. [PMID: 34685521 PMCID: PMC8533837 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific memory B cells and antibodies are a reliable read-out of vaccine efficacy. We analysed these biomarkers after one and two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. The second dose significantly increases the level of highly specific memory B cells and antibodies. Two months after the second dose, specific antibody levels decline, but highly specific memory B cells continue to increase, thus predicting a sustained protection from COVID-19. We show that although mucosal IgA is not induced by the vaccination, memory B cells migrate in response to inflammation and secrete IgA at mucosal sites. We show that the first vaccine dose may lead to an insufficient number of highly specific memory B cells and low concentration of serum antibodies, thus leaving vaccinees without the immune robustness needed to ensure viral elimination and herd immunity. We also clarify that the reduction of serum antibodies does not diminish the force and duration of the immune protection induced by vaccination. The vaccine does not induce sterilizing immunity. Infection after vaccination may be caused by the lack of local preventive immunity because of the absence of mucosal IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Cristina Russo
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Vinci
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Piccioni
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luna Colagrossi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Luana Coltella
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Stefania Ranno
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Giulia Linardos
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Marilena Agosta
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Christian Albano
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Chiara Agrati
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 2, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 2, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Meschi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 2, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Paolo Romania
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Roscilli
- Takis s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Emiliano Pavoni
- Takis s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Camisa
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Annapaola Santoro
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Brugaletta
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Labor Law, Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Via della Pineta Sacchetti, 217, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (N.C.); (D.A.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via San Francesco, 22, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (N.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Donato Amodio
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (N.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Marta Luisa Ciofi Degli Atti
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Giorgio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Human Milk Bank, Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.G.); (N.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Nicoletta Russo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Human Milk Bank, Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.G.); (N.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Guglielmo Salvatori
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Human Milk Bank, Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.G.); (N.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Tiziana Corsetti
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale dell’Università, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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Shibad V, Bootwala A, Mao C, Bader H, Vo H, Landesman-Bollag E, Guo C, Rubio A, Near R, Gao W, Challa S, Chukka V, Gao J, Kelly A, Landesman T, VanHelene T, Zhong X. L2pB1 Cells Contribute to Tumor Growth Inhibition. Front Immunol 2021; 12:722451. [PMID: 34630396 PMCID: PMC8495424 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.722451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural IgM (nIgM) antibodies play critical roles in cancer immunosurveillance. However, the role of B-1 B cells, the lymphocytes that produce nIgM, remains to be elucidated. L2pB1 cells, a subpopulation of B-1 B cells, have a unique poly-self-reactive nIgM repertoire and are capable of phagocytosis, potent antigen presentation, and immunomodulation. Using an inducible knock-in and knockout mouse model, we investigated the effect of the loss of L2pB1 cells in a B16F10 melanoma model. Our results show active tumor infiltration of L2pB1 cells in wild type mice, and conversely, depletion of L2pB1 cells results in larger tumor mass and increased angiogenesis. In vitro analysis revealed that L2pB1 cells contribute to the growth inhibition of melanoma cells in both 2D cell culture and 3D tumor spheroids. Similar effects were observed in an MC38 murine colon cancer model. Moreover, our data suggest that one of the ways that L2pB1 cells can induce tumor cell death is via lipoptosis. Lastly, we tested whether L2pB1 cell-derived monoclonal nIgM antibodies can specifically recognize tumor spheroids. Nine of the 28 nIgM-secreting L2pB1 clones demonstrated specific binding to tumor spheroids but did not bind control murine embryonic fibroblasts. Our study provides evidence that L2pB1 cells contribute to cancer immunity through their unique nIgM repertoire, tumor recognition, and lipoptosis. Taken together, because of their ability to recognize common features of tumors that are independent of genetic mutations, L2pB1 cells and their nIgM could be potential candidates for cancer treatment that can overcome tumor heterogeneity-associated drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varuna Shibad
- Hematology Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ali Bootwala
- Department of Graduate Medical Studies, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Changchuin Mao
- Hematology Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Antagen Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hanna Bader
- Hematology Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Hung Vo
- Hematology Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Esther Landesman-Bollag
- Hematology Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Conrad Guo
- Hematology Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Angel Rubio
- Department of Pharmacology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Richard Near
- Hematology Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
- Antagen Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wenda Gao
- Antagen Institute for Biomedical Research, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Gao
- Sharon High School, Sharon, MA, United States
| | - Avery Kelly
- Brookline High School, Brookline, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Xuemei Zhong
- Hematology Oncology Section, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
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Glennon K, Donnelly J, Knowles S, McAuliffe FM, O’Reilly A, Corcoran S, Walsh J, McMorrow R, Higgins T, Bolger L, Clinton S, O’Riordan S, Start A, Roche D, Bartels H, Malone C, McAuley K, McDermott A, Inzitari R, O’Donnell CPF, Malone F, Higgins S, De Gascun C, Doran P, Brennan DJ. Immunological assessment of SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy from diagnosis to delivery: A multicentre prospective study. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253090. [PMID: 34543278 PMCID: PMC8451988 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Background Population-based data on SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and assessment of passive immunity to the neonate, is lacking. We profiled the maternal and fetal response using a combination of viral RNA from naso-pharyngeal swabs and serological assessment of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. METHODS This multicentre prospective observational study was conducted between March 24th and August 31st 2020. Two independent cohorts were established, a symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 cohort and a cohort of asymptomatic pregnant women attending two of the largest maternity hospitals in Europe. Symptomatic women were invited to provide a serum sample to assess antibody responses. Asymptomatic pregnant women provided a nasopharyngeal swab and serum sample. RT-PCR for viral RNA was performed using the Cobas SARS-CoV-2 6800 platform (Roche). Umbilical cord bloods were obtained at delivery. Maternal and fetal serological response was measured using both the Elecsys® Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay (Roche), Abbott SARS-CoV-2 IgG Assay and the IgM Architect assay. Informed written consent was obtained from all participants. RESULTS Ten of twenty three symptomatic women had SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected on nasopharyngeal swabs. Five (5/23, 21.7%) demonstrated serological evidence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies and seven (30.4%, 7/23) were positive for IgM antibodies. In the asymptomatic cohort, the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in RNA was 0.16% (1/608). IgG SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detected in 1·67% (10/598, 95% CI 0·8%-3·1%) and IgM in 3·51% (21/598, 95% CI 2·3-5·5%). Nine women had repeat testing post the baseline test. Four (4/9, 44%) remained IgM positive and one remained IgG positive. 3 IgG anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies were detectable in cord bloods from babies born to five seropositive women who delivered during the study. The mean gestation at serological test was 34 weeks. The mean time between maternal serologic positivity and detection in umbilical cord samples was 28 days. CONCLUSION Using two independent serological assays, we present a comprehensive illustration of the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 in pregnancy, and show a low prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-CoV2. Transplacental migration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies was identified in cord blood of women who demonstrated antenatal anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, raising the possibility of passive immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Glennon
- UCD School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - Susan Knowles
- Department of Microbiology, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fionnuala M. McAuliffe
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alma O’Reilly
- RCSI School of Medicine, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | - Lucy Bolger
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | - Alexander Start
- UCD Perinatal Research Centre, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | | | | | - Karl McAuley
- Clinical Research Centre, UCD School of Medicine, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Anthony McDermott
- Clinical Research Centre, UCD School of Medicine, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Rosanna Inzitari
- Clinical Research Centre, UCD School of Medicine, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm P. F. O’Donnell
- Neonatal Unit, UCD School of Medicine National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fergal Malone
- RCSI School of Medicine, Rotunda Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Shane Higgins
- UCD School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Cillian De Gascun
- National Virus Reference Laboratory, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Peter Doran
- Clinical Research Centre, UCD School of Medicine, St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Donal J. Brennan
- UCD School of Medicine, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Systems Biology Ireland, UCD School of Medicine, Dublin, Ireland
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Loubiere S, Monfardini E, Allaria C, Mosnier M, Allibert A, Ninove L, Bosetti T, Farnarier C, Hamouda I, Auquier P, Mosnier E, Tinland A. Seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies among homeless people living rough, in shelters and squats: A large population-based study in France. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255498. [PMID: 34525096 PMCID: PMC8443066 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Overcrowded housing, as well as inadequate sanitary conditions, contribute to making homeless people particularly vulnerable to the SARS-CoV-2 infection. We aimed to assess the seroprevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection among people experiencing homelessness on a large city-wide scale in Marseille, France, taking into account different types of accommodation. Methods A consortium of outreach teams in 48 different locations including streets, slums, squats, emergency or transitional shelters and drop-in centres participated in the inclusion process. All participants consented to have a validated rapid antibody assay for immunoglobulins M (IgM) and G (IgG) and to answer a questionnaire on medical health conditions, comorbidities, and previous COVID-19 symptoms. Information on their housing conditions since the COVID-19 crisis was also collected from the participants. Results From June 01 to August 05, 2020, 1,156 homeless participants were enrolled in the study and tested. The overall seroprevalence of SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies was 5.6% (95%CI 2.3–7.0), ranging from 2.2% in people living on the streets to 8.1% in people living in emergency shelters (P = 0.009). Around one third of the seropositive participants reported COVID-19 symptoms. Compared to the general population in Marseille (3.6%), the homeless population living in the same urban area experienced a significantly increased risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection (|z| = 3.65 > 1.96). Conclusion These findings highlight the need for regular screening among the homeless to prevent clustering in overcrowded or inadequate accommodations. It is also necessary to provide essential resources to keep homeless people healthy, the vast majority of whom have cumulative risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Loubiere
- Department of Research and Innovation, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille - APHM, Marseille, France
- CEReSS: Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Elisabetta Monfardini
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
- INSERM, U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Lyon Neuroscience Research Center, ImpAct Team, Bron, France
| | - Camille Allaria
- CEReSS: Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- LAMES – Laboratoire Méditerranéen de Sociologie, UMR 7305, MMSH – Maison Méditerranéenne des Sciences de l’Homme, Aix-en-Provence, France
| | | | - Agathe Allibert
- Department of Research and Innovation, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille - APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Laetitia Ninove
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix-Marseille Univ – IRD 190 – Inserm 1207 –IHU Méditerranée Infection, Marseille, France
| | | | - Cyril Farnarier
- Projet ASSAb – Accès aux Soins pour les Personnes Sans Abri, Hôpital Européen, Marseille, France
- LaSSA – Laboratoire de Sciences Sociales Appliquées, Marseille, France
| | - Ilyes Hamouda
- Department of Research and Innovation, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille - APHM, Marseille, France
| | - Pascal Auquier
- Department of Research and Innovation, Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille - APHM, Marseille, France
- CEReSS: Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Emilie Mosnier
- INSERM, IRD, SESSTIM, Sciences Economiques & Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l’Information Médicale, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Aurélie Tinland
- CEReSS: Health Service Research and Quality of Life Center, Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
- Department of Psychiatry, Sainte-Marguerite University Hospital, APHM, Marseille, France
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36
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Zhang D, Xu T, Chu E, Zhang A, Du J, Sha MY. A high-throughput microsphere-based immunoassay of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM testing for COVID-19 diagnostics. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248444. [PMID: 34473705 PMCID: PMC8412265 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pandemic of novel coronavirus disease COVID-19 is rapidly expanding across the world. A positive result of antibody tests suggests that the individual has potentially been exposed to SARS-CoV-2, thus allowing to identify asymptomatic infections and determine the seroprevalence in a given population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performances of a newly developed high throughput immunoassay for anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody detection on the Luminex MAGPIX platform. Clinical agreement studies were performed in 42 COVID-19 patient serum samples and 162 negative donor serum/plasma samples. Positive percent agreement (PPA) was 42.86% (95% CI: 9.90% to 81.59%), 71.43% (95% CI: 29.04% to 96.33%), and 28.57% (95% CI: 13.22% to 48.67%) for samples collected on 0–7 days, 8–14 days, and 2–8 weeks from symptom onset, respectively. Negative Percent Agreement (NPA) was 97.53% (95% CI: 93.80% to 99.32%). There was no cross-reactivity with the SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody. Hemoglobin (200 mg/dL), bilirubin (2 mg/dL), triglyceride (250 mg/dL) and EDTA (10 mM) showed no significant interfering effect on this assay. In conclusion, an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody assay with high sensitivity and specificity has been developed. With the high throughput, this assay will speed up the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgM testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dayu Zhang
- DiaCarta Inc, Richmond, CA, United States of America
| | - Tianyang Xu
- DiaCarta Inc, Richmond, CA, United States of America
| | - Eric Chu
- DiaCarta Inc, Richmond, CA, United States of America
| | - Aiguo Zhang
- DiaCarta Inc, Richmond, CA, United States of America
| | - Jinwei Du
- DiaCarta Inc, Richmond, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JD); (MYS)
| | - Michael Y. Sha
- DiaCarta Inc, Richmond, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail: (JD); (MYS)
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37
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Sopp JM, Peters SJ, Rowley TF, Oldham RJ, James S, Mockridge I, French RR, Turner A, Beers SA, Humphreys DP, Cragg MS. On-target IgG hexamerisation driven by a C-terminal IgM tail-piece fusion variant confers augmented complement activation. Commun Biol 2021; 4:1031. [PMID: 34475514 PMCID: PMC8413284 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-02513-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of depleting monoclonal antibody (mAb) drugs elicit responses via Fc-FcγR and Fc-C1q interactions. Optimal C1q interaction is achieved through hexameric Fc:Fc interactions at the target cell surface. Herein is described an approach to exploit the tailpiece of the naturally multimeric IgM to augment hexamerisation of IgG. Fusion of the C-terminal tailpiece of IgM promoted spontaneous hIgG hexamer formation, resulting in enhanced C1q recruitment and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) but with off-target complement activation and reduced in-vivo efficacy. Mutation of the penultimate tailpiece cysteine to serine (C575S) ablated spontaneous hexamer formation, but facilitated reversible hexamer formation after concentration in solution. C575S mutant tailpiece antibodies displayed increased complement activity only after target binding, in-line with the concept of 'on-target hexamerisation', whilst retaining efficient in-vivo efficacy and augmented target cell killing in the lymph node. Hence, C575S-tailpiece technology represents an alternative format for promoting on-target hexamerisation and enhanced CDC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua M Sopp
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | | | - Robert J Oldham
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sonya James
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ian Mockridge
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Ruth R French
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Stephen A Beers
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | | | - Mark S Cragg
- Antibody and Vaccine Group, Centre for Cancer Immunology, Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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38
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Li Y, Wang S, Hu Y, Cheng J, Cheng X, Cheng P, Cui Z. Dietary bile acid supplementation reveals beneficial effects on intestinal healthy status of tongue sole (Cynoglossus semiliaevis). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 116:52-60. [PMID: 34216786 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dietary bile acids (BAs) on intestinal healthy status of tongue sole in terms of immunity, antioxidant status, digestive ability, mucosal barrier-related genes expression and microbiota. Three experimental diets were prepared with BA levels at 0 mg/kg (CT), 300 mg/kg (BA1) and 900 mg/kg (BA2) in a commercial basal diet. Each diet was fed to three replicates with 120 fish (10.87 ± 0.32 g) in each tank. After an 8-week feeding trial, growth parameters were significantly enhanced in both BAs supplementary groups (P < 0.05), and compared with CT group, survival rate in BA2 group was significantly improved (P < 0.05). Intestinal lysozyme activity and contents of immunoglobulin M and complement 3 were significantly increased in both BAs supplementary groups (P < 0.05), suggesting an enhancement effect on the non-specific immune response. BAs inclusion also significantly improved intestinal antioxidant capabilities by increasing antioxidase activities and decreasing malondialdehyde levels. In addition, compared with CT group, intestinal digestive ability was substantially enhanced as indicated by the significantly increased lipase activity in BA2 group (P < 0.05) and significantly increased amylase activity in BA1 and BA2 groups (P < 0.05). Coincidentally, BAs inclusion significantly upregulated the relative expression of intestinal mucosal barrier-related genes (P < 0.05). Further, dietary BAs distinctly remodeled intestinal microbiota by decreased the abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, dietary BAs supplementation is an effective way to improve the intestinal healthy status of tongue sole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzhen Li
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Shengpeng Wang
- Dezhou Key Laboratory for Applied Bile Acid Research, Shandong Longchang Animal Health Product CO., Ltd., Dezhou 251100, China.
| | - Yuanri Hu
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Jiayu Cheng
- Engineering and Technology Center for Flatfish Aquaculture of Tangshan, Tangshan Weizhuo Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063202, China
| | - Xiangming Cheng
- Engineering and Technology Center for Flatfish Aquaculture of Tangshan, Tangshan Weizhuo Aquaculture Co., Ltd., Tangshan 063202, China
| | - Peng Cheng
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Zhongkai Cui
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Abstract
The enormous diversity of antibody specificities is generated by random rearrangement of immunoglobulin gene segments and is important for general protection against pathogens. Since random rearrangement harbors the risk of producing self-destructive antibodies, it is assumed that autoreactive antibody specificities are removed during early B-cell development leading to a peripheral compartment devoid of autoreactivity. Here, we immunized wild-type mice with insulin as a common self-antigen and monitored diabetes symptoms as a measure for autoimmune disease. Our results show that autoreactive anti-insulin IgM and IgG antibodies associated with autoimmune diabetes can readily be generated in wild-type animals. Surprisingly, recall immunizations induced increased titers of high-affinity insulin-specific IgM, which prevented autoimmune diabetes. We refer to this phenomenon as adaptive tolerance, in which high-affinity memory IgM prevents autoimmune destruction by competing with self-destructive antibodies. Together, this study suggests that B-cell tolerance is not defined by the absolute elimination of autoreactive specificities, as harmful autoantibody responses can be generated in wild-type animals. In contrast, inducible generation of autoantigen-specific affinity-matured IgM acts as a protective mechanism preventing self-destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Amendt
- Institute of ImmunologyUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
| | - Hassan Jumaa
- Institute of ImmunologyUniversity Hospital UlmUlmGermany
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40
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Faustini SE, Jossi SE, Perez‐Toledo M, Shields AM, Allen JD, Watanabe Y, Newby ML, Cook A, Willcox CR, Salim M, Goodall M, Heaney JL, Marcial‐Juarez E, Morley GL, Torlinska B, Wraith DC, Veenith TV, Harding S, Jolles S, Ponsford MJ, Plant T, Huissoon A, O'Shea MK, Willcox BE, Drayson MT, Crispin M, Cunningham AF, Richter AG. Development of a high-sensitivity ELISA detecting IgG, IgA and IgM antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein in serum and saliva. Immunology 2021; 164:135-147. [PMID: 33932228 PMCID: PMC8242512 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Detecting antibody responses during and after SARS-CoV-2 infection is essential in determining the seroepidemiology of the virus and the potential role of antibody in disease. Scalable, sensitive and specific serological assays are essential to this process. The detection of antibody in hospitalized patients with severe disease has proven relatively straightforward; detecting responses in subjects with mild disease and asymptomatic infections has proven less reliable. We hypothesized that the suboptimal sensitivity of antibody assays and the compartmentalization of the antibody response may contribute to this effect. We systematically developed an ELISA, optimizing different antigens and amplification steps, in serum and saliva from non-hospitalized SARS-CoV-2-infected subjects. Using trimeric spike glycoprotein, rather than nucleocapsid, enabled detection of responses in individuals with low antibody responses. IgG1 and IgG3 predominate to both antigens, but more anti-spike IgG1 than IgG3 was detectable. All antigens were effective for detecting responses in hospitalized patients. Anti-spike IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses were readily detectable in saliva from a minority of RT-PCR confirmed, non-hospitalized symptomatic individuals, and these were mostly subjects who had the highest levels of anti-spike serum antibodies. Therefore, detecting antibody responses in both saliva and serum can contribute to determining virus exposure and understanding immune responses after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sian E. Faustini
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Sian E. Jossi
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | - Adrian M. Shields
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Joel D. Allen
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Yasunori Watanabe
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
- Department of BiochemistryOxford Glycobiology InstituteUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
| | - Maddy L. Newby
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | | | - Carrie R. Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Mahboob Salim
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Margaret Goodall
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Jennifer L. Heaney
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | | | | | - Barbara Torlinska
- Institute of Applied Health ResearchUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - David C. Wraith
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Tonny V. Veenith
- Department of Critical Care MedicineUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS TrustBirminghamUK
| | | | | | | | - Tim Plant
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Aarnoud Huissoon
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
- Department of ImmunologyUniversity Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation TrustBirminghamUK
| | - Matthew K. O'Shea
- Institute of Microbiology and InfectionUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Benjamin E. Willcox
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Mark T. Drayson
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Max Crispin
- School of Biological SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthamptonUK
| | - Adam F. Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
| | - Alex G. Richter
- Institute of Immunology and ImmunotherapyUniversity of BirminghamBirminghamUK
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41
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Barbosa CHD, Lantier L, Reynolds J, Wang J, Re F. Critical role of IL-25-ILC2-IL-5 axis in the production of anti-Francisella LPS IgM by B1 B cells. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009905. [PMID: 34449811 PMCID: PMC8428711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
B1 cells, a subset of B lymphocytes whose developmental origin, phenotype, and function differ from that of conventional B2 cells, are the main source of “natural” IgM but can also respond to infection by rapidly producing pathogen-specific IgM directed against T-independent antigens. Francisella tularensis (Ft) is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes tularemia. Infection with Ft Live Vaccine Strain activates B1 cells for production of IgM directed against the bacterial LPS in a process incompletely understood. Here we show that immunization with purified Ft LPS elicits production of LPS-specific IgM and IgG3 by B1 cells independently of TLR2 or MyD88. Immunization, but not infection, generated peritoneum-resident memory B1 cells that differentiated into LPS-specific antibody secreting cells (ASC) upon secondary challenge. IL-5 was rapidly induced by immunization with Ft LPS and was required for production of LPS-specific IgM. Antibody-mediated depletion of ILC2 indicated that these cells were the source of IL-5 and were required for IgM production. IL-25, an alarmin that strongly activates ILC2, was rapidly secreted in response to immunization or infection and its administration to mice significantly increased IgM production and B1 cell differentiation to ASC. Conversely, mice lacking IL-17RB, the IL-25 receptor, showed impaired IL-5 induction, IgM production, and B1 ASC differentiation in response to immunization. Administration of IL-5 to Il17rb-/- mice rescued these B1 cells-mediated responses. Il17rb-/- mice were more susceptible to infection with Ft LVS and failed to develop immunity upon secondary challenge suggesting that LPS-specific IgM is one of the protective adaptive immune mechanisms against tularemia. Our results indicated that immunization with Ft LPS triggers production of IL-25 that, through stimulation of IL-5 release by ILC2, promotes B1 cells activation and differentiation into IgM secreting cells. By revealing the existence of an IL-25-ILC2-IL-5 axis our results suggest novel strategies to improve vaccination against T-independent bacterial antigens. B1 cells are a subset of B lymphocytes that participate in the immune response to infection by producing antibodies of the IgM class. Here we investigate the mechanisms that control B1 cells activation and production of IgM directed against the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Francisella tularensis, a Gram-negative bacterium that causes tularemia. Using a mouse model of tularemia, our results revealed that Francisella LPS elicits production of the cytokine IL-25 that in turn activates blood cells called Innate Lymphoid Cells 2 (ILC2). Once activated, ILC2 produce the cytokine IL-5 that is required for activation of B1 cells and production of IgM. Mice unresponsive to IL-25 are more susceptible to F. tularensis infection. By revealing the existence of an IL-25-ILC2-IL-5 axis our results suggest novel strategies to improve vaccination against bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Henrique D. Barbosa
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Louis Lantier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Joseph Reynolds
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jinyong Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Fabio Re
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rosalind Franklin University of Medicine and Science, North Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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42
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Zerra PE, Patel SR, Jajosky RP, Arthur CM, McCoy JW, Allen JWL, Chonat S, Fasano RM, Roback JD, Josephson CD, Hendrickson JE, Stowell SR. Marginal zone B cells mediate a CD4 T-cell-dependent extrafollicular antibody response following RBC transfusion in mice. Blood 2021; 138:706-721. [PMID: 33876205 PMCID: PMC8394907 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Red blood cell (RBC) transfusions can result in alloimmunization toward RBC alloantigens that can increase the probability of complications following subsequent transfusion. An improved understanding of the immune mechanisms that underlie RBC alloimmunization is critical if future strategies capable of preventing or even reducing this process are to be realized. Using the HOD (hen egg lysozyme [HEL] and ovalbumin [OVA] fused with the human RBC antigen Duffy) model system, we aimed to identify initiating immune factors that may govern early anti-HOD alloantibody formation. Our findings demonstrate that HOD RBCs continuously localize to the marginal sinus following transfusion, where they colocalize with marginal zone (MZ) B cells. Depletion of MZ B cells inhibited immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG anti-HOD antibody formation, whereas CD4 T-cell depletion only prevented IgG anti-HOD antibody development. HOD-specific CD4 T cells displayed similar proliferation and activation following transfusion of HOD RBCs into wild-type or MZ B-cell-deficient recipients, suggesting that IgG formation is not dependent on MZ B-cell-mediated CD4 T-cell activation. Moreover, depletion of follicular B cells failed to substantially impact the anti-HOD antibody response, and no increase in antigen-specific germinal center B cells was detected following HOD RBC transfusion, suggesting that antibody formation is not dependent on the splenic follicle. Despite this, anti-HOD antibodies persisted for several months following HOD RBC transfusion. Overall, these data suggest that MZ B cells can initiate and then contribute to RBC alloantibody formation, highlighting a unique immune pathway that can be engaged following RBC transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia E Zerra
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA and
| | - Seema R Patel
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA and
| | - Ryan Philip Jajosky
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Connie M Arthur
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - James W McCoy
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Jerry William Lynn Allen
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
| | - Satheesh Chonat
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA and
| | - Ross M Fasano
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA and
| | - John D Roback
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
| | - Cassandra D Josephson
- Center for Transfusion Medicine and Cellular Therapies, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA and
| | | | - Sean R Stowell
- Joint Program in Transfusion Medicine, Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA; and
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43
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Tonello M, Bison E, Cattini MG, Pontara E, Iaccarino L, Denas G, Cheng C, Pengo V. Anti-phosphatidyl-serine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) in isolated lupus anticoagulant (LA): is their presence linked to dual test positivity? Clin Chem Lab Med 2021; 59:1950-1953. [PMID: 34390635 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2021-0692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anti phosphatidylserine/prothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) are often present in patients with antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) and might be relevant in the pathogenesis of this condition. They are major determinant of lupus anticoagulant (LA) in triple-positive antiphospholipid (aPL) profile. Whether they are present and pathogenic in patients with isolated LA [negative anticardiolipin (aCL) and anti β2-Glycoprotein I (aβ2GPI) antibodies] is a matter of debate. METHODS We measured aPS/PT in a large number of isolated LA with the aim to ascertain whether there is a link between the way isolated LA is assessed and the presence of these antibodies. APS/PT were measured in 86 patients with isolated LA (aCL- and abeta2GPI-). LA was assessed by two test systems, the dilute Russell Viper Venom Time (dRVVT) and the Silica Clotting Time (SCT). RESULTS Sixty-six (77%) individuals with isolated LA were positive for aPS/PT (IgM 44, IgG and IgM 15, IgG in 7). Diagnosis of LA was made based on positive results in both dRVVT and SCT in 40 patients (Group 1) and based on only one positive test in the remaining 46 patients (Group 2). The rate of positive aPS/PT antibodies was significantly higher in Group 1 (OR=7.2, 95% CI 1.9-27.0, p<0.002). Moreover, the titre of IgM aPS/PT was significantly increased in Group 1 as compared to Group 2 (137 U, IQR 64-179 vs. 43 U, IQR 11-120, p=0.008). CONCLUSIONS These data indicate an association between LA based on two positive coagulation tests and the presence of aPS/PT antibodies, especially of IgM isotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tonello
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Bison
- Thrombosis Research Laboratory, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Elena Pontara
- Thrombosis Research Laboratory, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Luca Iaccarino
- Department of Medicine, Rheumatology Section, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Gentian Denas
- Thrombosis Research Laboratory, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Chunyan Cheng
- Thrombosis Research Laboratory, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Vittorio Pengo
- Thrombosis Research Laboratory, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
- Arianna Foundation on Anticoagulation, Bologna, Italy
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44
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Nouailles G, Wyler E, Pennitz P, Postmus D, Vladimirova D, Kazmierski J, Pott F, Dietert K, Muelleder M, Farztdinov V, Obermayer B, Wienhold SM, Andreotti S, Hoefler T, Sawitzki B, Drosten C, Sander LE, Suttorp N, Ralser M, Beule D, Gruber AD, Goffinet C, Landthaler M, Trimpert J, Witzenrath M. Temporal omics analysis in Syrian hamsters unravel cellular effector responses to moderate COVID-19. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4869. [PMID: 34381043 PMCID: PMC8357947 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In COVID-19, immune responses are key in determining disease severity. However, cellular mechanisms at the onset of inflammatory lung injury in SARS-CoV-2 infection, particularly involving endothelial cells, remain ill-defined. Using Syrian hamsters as a model for moderate COVID-19, we conduct a detailed longitudinal analysis of systemic and pulmonary cellular responses, and corroborate it with datasets from COVID-19 patients. Monocyte-derived macrophages in lungs exert the earliest and strongest transcriptional response to infection, including induction of pro-inflammatory genes, while epithelial cells show weak alterations. Without evidence for productive infection, endothelial cells react, depending on cell subtypes, by strong and early expression of anti-viral, pro-inflammatory, and T cell recruiting genes. Recruitment of cytotoxic T cells as well as emergence of IgM antibodies precede viral clearance at day 5 post infection. Investigating SARS-CoV-2 infected Syrian hamsters thus identifies cell type-specific effector functions, providing detailed insights into pathomechanisms of COVID-19 and informing therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Nouailles
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Peter Pennitz
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dylan Postmus
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Julia Kazmierski
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pott
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Dietert
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Veterinary Centre for Resistance Research, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Muelleder
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Core Facility - High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vadim Farztdinov
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Core Facility - High-Throughput Mass Spectrometry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra-Maria Wienhold
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandro Andreotti
- Bioinformatics Solution Center, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Hoefler
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Medical Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif E Sander
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- The Francis Crick Institute, Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, London, UK
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Biochemistry, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Division of Pulmonary Inflammation, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany.
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Zuo Y, Yalavarthi S, Navaz SA, Hoy CK, Harbaugh A, Gockman K, Zuo M, Madison JA, Shi H, Kanthi Y, Knight JS. Autoantibodies stabilize neutrophil extracellular traps in COVID-19. JCI Insight 2021; 6:150111. [PMID: 34166229 PMCID: PMC8410057 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.150111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) by hyperactive neutrophils is recognized to play an important role in the thromboinflammatory milieu inherent to severe presentations of COVID-19. At the same time, a variety of functional autoantibodies have been observed in individuals with severe COVID-19, where they likely contribute to immunopathology. Here, we aimed to determine the extent to which autoantibodies might target NETs in COVID-19 and, if detected, to elucidate their potential functions and clinical associations. We measured anti-NET antibodies in 328 individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 alongside 48 healthy controls. We found high anti-NET activity in the IgG and IgM fractions of 27% and 60% of patients, respectively. There was a strong correlation between anti-NET IgG and anti-NET IgM. Both anti-NET IgG and anti-NET IgM tracked with high levels of circulating NETs, impaired oxygenation efficiency, and high circulating D-dimer. Furthermore, patients who required mechanical ventilation had a greater burden of anti-NET antibodies than did those not requiring oxygen supplementation. Levels of anti-NET IgG (and, to a lesser extent, anti-NET IgM) demonstrated an inverse correlation with the efficiency of NET degradation by COVID-19 sera. Furthermore, purified IgG from COVID-19 sera with high levels of anti-NET antibodies impaired the ability of healthy control serum to degrade NETs. In summary, many individuals hospitalized with COVID-19 have anti-NET antibodies, which likely impair NET clearance and may potentiate SARS-CoV-2-mediated thromboinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zuo
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | | | - Claire K. Hoy
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | | | - Kelsey Gockman
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
| | - Melanie Zuo
- Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, and
| | - Jacqueline A. Madison
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Hui Shi
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine
- Division of Rheumatology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yogendra Kanthi
- Division of Intramural Research National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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46
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Kumar SK, Arya S, Singh A, Misra R, Aggarwal A, Sinha S. Patterns of T and B cell responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis membrane-associated antigens and their relationship with disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients with latent tuberculosis infection. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255639. [PMID: 34339423 PMCID: PMC8328311 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was aimed at exploring whether latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) contributes to the pathogenesis of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases in a TB endemic setting. We screened 198 rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients with tuberculin skin test (TST) and studied 61 (median DAS28-ESR = 6.3) who were positive. Whole blood T cell proliferative responses to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) membrane (MtM) antigens, including the latency-induced protein alpha crystallin (Acr), were determined by flow cytometry using Ki67 expression as the marker for nuclear proliferation. Serum antibody levels were determined by ELISA. Follow-up investigations (at 3–6, 9–12 and 15–18 months after baseline) were performed in 41 patients who were classified empirically as ‘high’ (HR-T/HR-B) or ‘low’ (LR-T/LR-B) responders based on their dynamic T cell or antibody responses. Significant correlations were seen between baseline T cell responses to MtM and Acr, and between IgG, IgA and IgM antibody responses to MtM. However, no correlation was seen between T and B cell responses. At all time points during the follow-up, T cell responses to both antigens (except for MtM at one point) were significantly higher in HR-T (n = 25) than LR-T (n = 16) patients. Levels of IgA and IgM (but not IgG) antibodies to MtM were also significantly higher in HR-B (n = 13) than LR-B (n = 28) at all time points. Importantly, HR-T patients exhibited significantly higher baseline and follow-up DAS28 scores than LR-T. Ten (of 61) patients had a history of TB and developed RA 6 years (median) after contracting TB. Three new TB cases (1 from TST-positive and 2 from TST-negative groups) emerged during the follow-up. Our results suggest that persistently elevated T cell responses to Mtb antigens may contribute to disease activity in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shashi Kant Kumar
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Suvrat Arya
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Ankita Singh
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Ramnath Misra
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
| | - Amita Aggarwal
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: , (SS); , (AA)
| | - Sudhir Sinha
- Department of Clinical Immunology & Rheumatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences (SGPGIMS), Lucknow, India
- * E-mail: , (SS); , (AA)
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47
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Wang J, Li D, Zhou Q, Wiltse A, Zand MS. Antibody Mediated Immunity to SARS-CoV-2 and Human Coronaviruses: Multiplex Beads Assay and Volumetric Absorptive Microsampling to Generate Immune Repertoire Cartography. Front Immunol 2021; 12:696370. [PMID: 34386006 PMCID: PMC8353270 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.696370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic is caused by SARS-CoV-2, a novel zoonotic coronavirus. Emerging evidence indicates that preexisting humoral immunity against other seasonal human coronaviruses (HCoVs) plays a critical role in the specific antibody response to SARS-CoV-2. However, current work to assess the effects of preexisting and cross-reactive anti-HCoVs antibodies has been limited. To address this issue, we have adapted our previously reported multiplex assay to simultaneously and quantitatively measure anti-HCoV antibodies. The full mPlex-CoV panel covers the spike (S) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins of three highly pathogenic HCoVs (SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2, MERS) and four human seasonal strains (OC43, HKU1, NL63, 229E). Combining this assay with volumetric absorptive microsampling (VAMS), we measured the anti-HCoV IgG, IgA, and IgM antibodies in fingerstick blood samples. The results demonstrate that the mPlex-CoV assay has high specificity and sensitivity. It can detect strain-specific anti-HCoV antibodies down to 0.1 ng/ml with 4 log assay range and with low intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (%CV). We also estimate multiple strain HCoVs IgG, IgA and IgM concentration in VAMS samples in three categories of subjects: pre-COVID-19 (n=21), post-COVID-19 convalescents (n=19), and COVID-19 vaccine recipients (n=14). Using metric multidimensional scaling (MDS) analysis, HCoVs IgG concentrations in fingerstick blood samples were well separated between the pre-COVID-19, post-COVID-19 convalescents, and COVID-19 vaccine recipients. In addition, we demonstrate how multi-dimensional scaling analysis can be used to visualize IgG mediated antibody immunity against multiple human coronaviruses. We conclude that the combination of VAMS and the mPlex-Cov assay is well suited to performing remote study sample collection under pandemic conditions to monitor HCoVs antibody responses in population studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Dongmei Li
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Qian Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alexander Wiltse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Martin S. Zand
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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48
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Biggs JR, Sy AK, Brady OJ, Kucharski AJ, Funk S, Tu YH, Reyes MAJ, Quinones MA, Jones-Warner W, Ashall J, Avelino FL, Sucaldito NL, Tandoc AO, Cutiongco-de la Paz E, Capeding MRZ, Padilla CD, Hibberd ML, Hafalla JCR. Serological Evidence of Widespread Zika Transmission across the Philippines. Viruses 2021; 13:1441. [PMID: 34452307 PMCID: PMC8402696 DOI: 10.3390/v13081441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure across flavivirus-endemic countries, including the Philippines, remains largely unknown despite sporadic case reporting and environmental suitability for transmission. Using laboratory surveillance data from 2016, 997 serum samples were randomly selected from suspected dengue (DENV) case reports across the Philippines and assayed for serological markers of short-term (IgM) and long-term (IgG) ZIKV exposure. Using mixture models, we re-evaluated ZIKV IgM/G seroprevalence thresholds and used catalytic models to quantify the force of infection (attack rate, AR) from age-accumulated ZIKV exposure. While we observed extensive ZIKV/DENV IgG cross-reactivity, not all individuals with active DENV presented with elevated ZIKV IgG, and a proportion of dengue-negative cases (DENV IgG-) were ZIKV IgG-positive (14.3%, 9/63). We identified evidence of long-term, yet not short-term, ZIKV exposure across Philippine regions (ZIKV IgG+: 31.5%, 314/997) which was geographically uncorrelated with DENV exposure. In contrast to the DENV AR (12.7% (95%CI: 9.1-17.4%)), the ZIKV AR was lower (5.7% (95%CI: 3-11%)) across the country. Our results provide evidence of widespread ZIKV exposure across the Philippines and suggest the need for studies to identify ZIKV infection risk factors over time to better prepare for potential future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph R. Biggs
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (W.J.-W.); (J.A.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.H.)
| | - Ava Kristy Sy
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila 1781, Philippines; (A.K.S.); (M.A.J.R.); (M.A.Q.); (A.O.T.)
- Dengue Study Group, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila 1781, Philippines;
| | - Oliver J. Brady
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (O.J.B.); (A.J.K.); (S.F.)
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Adam J. Kucharski
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (O.J.B.); (A.J.K.); (S.F.)
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Sebastian Funk
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (O.J.B.); (A.J.K.); (S.F.)
- Centre for the Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Yun-Hung Tu
- Department of Molecular Parasitology and Tropical Diseases, Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
| | - Mary Anne Joy Reyes
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila 1781, Philippines; (A.K.S.); (M.A.J.R.); (M.A.Q.); (A.O.T.)
- Dengue Study Group, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila 1781, Philippines;
| | - Mary Ann Quinones
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila 1781, Philippines; (A.K.S.); (M.A.J.R.); (M.A.Q.); (A.O.T.)
- Dengue Study Group, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila 1781, Philippines;
| | - William Jones-Warner
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (W.J.-W.); (J.A.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.H.)
| | - James Ashall
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (W.J.-W.); (J.A.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.H.)
| | - Ferchito L. Avelino
- Department of Health, Philippine Epidemiology Bureau, Manila 1003, Philippines; (F.L.A.); (N.L.S.)
| | - Nemia L. Sucaldito
- Department of Health, Philippine Epidemiology Bureau, Manila 1003, Philippines; (F.L.A.); (N.L.S.)
| | - Amado O. Tandoc
- Department of Virology, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila 1781, Philippines; (A.K.S.); (M.A.J.R.); (M.A.Q.); (A.O.T.)
| | - Eva Cutiongco-de la Paz
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines; (E.C.-d.l.P.); (C.D.P.)
- Philippine Genome Centre, University of the Philippines, Manila 1101, Philippines
| | - Maria Rosario Z. Capeding
- Dengue Study Group, Research Institute for Tropical Medicine, Manila 1781, Philippines;
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines; (E.C.-d.l.P.); (C.D.P.)
| | - Carmencita D. Padilla
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines; (E.C.-d.l.P.); (C.D.P.)
- Philippine Genome Centre, University of the Philippines, Manila 1101, Philippines
| | - Martin L. Hibberd
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (W.J.-W.); (J.A.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.H.)
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of the Philippines, Manila 1000, Philippines; (E.C.-d.l.P.); (C.D.P.)
- Philippine Genome Centre, University of the Philippines, Manila 1101, Philippines
| | - Julius Clemence R. Hafalla
- Department of Infection Biology, Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London WC1E 7HT, UK; (W.J.-W.); (J.A.); (M.L.H.); (J.C.R.H.)
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49
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Ciocca M, Zaffina S, Fernandez Salinas A, Bocci C, Palomba P, Conti MG, Terreri S, Frisullo G, Giorda E, Scarsella M, Brugaletta R, Vinci MR, Magnavita N, Carsetti R, Piano Mortari E. Evolution of Human Memory B Cells From Childhood to Old Age. Front Immunol 2021; 12:690534. [PMID: 34367150 PMCID: PMC8343175 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.690534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High quality medical assistance and preventive strategies, including pursuing a healthy lifestyle, result in a progressively growing percentage of older people. The population and workforce is aging in all countries of the world. It is widely recognized that older individuals show an increased susceptibility to infections and a reduced response to vaccination suggesting that the aged immune system is less able to react and consequently protect the organism. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is dramatically showing us that the organism reacts to novel pathogens in an age-dependent manner. The decline of the immune system observed in aging remains unclear. We aimed to understand the role of B cells. We analyzed peripheral blood from children (4-18 years); young people (23-60 years) and elderly people (65-91 years) by flow cytometry. We also measured antibody secretion by ELISA following a T-independent stimulation. Here we show that the elderly have a significant reduction of CD27dull memory B cells, a population that bridges innate and adaptive immune functions. In older people, memory B cells are mostly high specialized antigen-selected CD27bright. Moreover, after in vitro stimulation with CpG, B cells from older individuals produced significantly fewer IgM and IgA antibodies compared to younger individuals. Aging is a complex process characterized by a functional decline in multiple physiological systems. The immune system of older people is well equipped to react to often encountered antigens but has a low ability to respond to new pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Ciocca
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Bocci
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Patrizia Palomba
- Diagnostic Immunology Clinical Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Giulia Conti
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Frisullo
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Ezio Giorda
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Scarsella
- Core Facilities, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Brugaletta
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Rosaria Vinci
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Health Directorate, Occupational Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, Section of Occupational Medicine and Labor Law, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Diagnostic Immunology Clinical Unit, Department of Diagnostic and Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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50
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Ibrahim EH, Ghramh HA, Kilany M. Development of rapid and cost-effective top-loading device for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM antibodies. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14926. [PMID: 34290350 PMCID: PMC8295295 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection with SARS-CoV-2, the Betacoronavirus, caused a pandemic that affected the globe negatively. The gold method, RT-PCR, can detect SARS-CoV-2 but it is time-consuming and needs sophisticated equipment and professional personnel. On the other hand, rapid tests offer fast results and can detect anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (Abs). The aim of this study is to develop a new rapid and cost-effective method for the detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG/IgM Abs. A new top-loading detection device was developed and composed of a small piece of plastic (25 × 25 × 0.5 mm) with an opening in the center, a piece of nitrocellulose (NC) membrane enough to block the opening from one side and adhesive tape to affix the NC to the plastic piece. The NC is blotted with anti-human IgG/IgM and rabbit serum. The device was evaluated against a commercially available IgG/IgM ELISA detection kit using normal, Covid-19-positive, HCV, HBV, and Cytomegalovirus-positive sera. Outcomes demonstrated simplicity, reproducibility, and accuracy of the new device and results can be obtained in less than 5 min. We anticipate our developed assay method to be used widely in point of care before deciding on the use of expensive nucleic acid assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam H Ibrahim
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia.
- Blood Products Quality Control and Research Department, National Organization for Research and Control of Biologicals, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Hamed A Ghramh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mona Kilany
- Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Microbiology, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), Cairo, Egypt
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