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Takeshita S, Kakita H, Nakamura N, Mori M, Toriuchi K, Aoki H, Inoue Y, Hayashi H, Yamada Y, Aoyama M. Thrombopoietin exerts a neuroprotective effect by inhibiting the suppression of neuronal proliferation and axonal outgrowth in intrauterine growth restriction rats. Exp Neurol 2024; 377:114781. [PMID: 38636773 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2024.114781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia in utero causes intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) of the fetus. IUGR infants are known to be at higher risk for neurodevelopmental disorders, but the mechanism is unclear. In this study, we analyzed the structure of the cerebral cortex using IUGR model rats generated through a reduced uterine perfusion pressure operation. IUGR rats exhibited thinner cerebral white matter and enlarged lateral ventricles compared with control rats. Expression of neuron cell markers, Satb2, microtubule-associated protein (MAP)-2, α-tubulin, and nestin was reduced in IUGR rats, indicating that neurons were diminished at various developmental stages in IUGR rats, from neural stem cells to mature neurons. However, there was no increase in apoptosis in IUGR rats. Cells positive for Ki67, a marker of cell proliferation, were reduced in neurons and all glial cells of IUGR rats. In primary neuron cultures, axonal elongation was impaired under hypoxic culture conditions mimicking the intrauterine environment of IUGR infants. Thus, in IUGR rats, chronic hypoxia in utero suppresses the proliferation of neurons and glial cells as well as axonal elongation, resulting in cortical thinning and enlarged lateral ventricles. Thrombopoietin (TPO), a platelet growth factor, inhibited the decrease in neuron number and promoted axon elongation in primary neurons under hypoxic conditions. Intraperitoneal administration of TPO to IUGR rats resulted in increases in the number of NeuN-positive cells and the area coverage of Satb2. In conclusion, suppression of neuronal proliferation and axonal outgrowth in IUGR rats resulted in cortical thinning and enlargement of lateral ventricles. TPO administration might be a novel therapeutic strategy for treating brain dysmaturation in IUGR infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Takeshita
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan; Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kakita
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan; Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Nami Nakamura
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mari Mori
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Kohki Toriuchi
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Aoki
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumichi Inoue
- Department of Cell Signaling, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan; Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hayashi
- Department of Cell Signaling, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan; Department of Innovative Therapeutic Sciences, Cooperative Major in Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan
| | - Yasumasa Yamada
- Department of Perinatal and Neonatal Medicine, Aichi Medical University, 1-1 Yazakokarimata, Nagakute, Aichi 480-1195, Japan
| | - Mineyoshi Aoyama
- Department of Pathobiology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 3-1 Tanabe-dori, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Aichi 467-8603, Japan.
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Yi L, Wu J, Yan B, Wang Y, Zou M, Zhang Y, Li F, Qiu J, Girard O. Effects of three weeks base training at moderate simulated altitude with or without hypoxic residence on exercise capacity and physiological adaptations in well-trained male runners. PeerJ 2024; 12:e17166. [PMID: 38563004 PMCID: PMC10984165 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.17166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Objectives To test the hypothesis that 'live high-base train high-interval train low' (HiHiLo) altitude training, compared to 'live low-train high' (LoHi), yields greater benefits on performance and physiological adaptations. Methods Sixteen young male middle-distance runners (age, 17.0 ± 1.5 y; body mass, 58.8 ± 4.9 kg; body height, 176.3 ± 4.3 cm; training years, 3-5 y; training distance per week, 30-60 km.wk-1) with a peak oxygen uptake averaging ~65 ml.min-1.kg-1 trained in a normobaric hypoxia chamber (simulated altitude of ~2,500 m, monitored by heart rate ~170 bpm; thrice weekly) for 3 weeks. During this period, the HiHiLo group (n = 8) stayed in normobaric hypoxia (at ~2,800 m; 10 h.day-1), while the LoHi group (n = 8) resided near sea level. Before and immediately after the intervention, peak oxygen uptake and exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia responses (incremental cycle test) as well as running performance and time-domain heart rate variability (5-km time trial) were assessed. Hematological variables were monitored at baseline and on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 during the intervention. Results Peak oxygen uptake and running performance did not differ before and after the intervention in either group (all P > 0.05). Exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia responses, measured both at submaximal (240 W) and maximal loads during the incremental test, and log-transformed root mean square of successive R-R intervals during the 4-min post-run recovery period, did not change (all P > 0.05). Hematocrit, mean reticulocyte absolute count and reticulocyte percentage increased above baseline levels on day 21 of the intervention (all P < 0.001), irrespective of group. Conclusions Well-trained runners undertaking base training at moderate simulated altitude for 3 weeks, with or without hypoxic residence, showed no performance improvement, also with unchanged time-domain heart rate variability and exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longyan Yi
- China Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Wu
- School of Kinesiology and Health, Capital University of Physical Education and Sports, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Yan
- China Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Wang
- China Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Menghui Zou
- China Athletics School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhang
- China Institute of Sport and Health Sciences, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Exercise and Physical Fitness (Beijing Sport University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Feifei Li
- Centre for Health and Exercise Science Research, Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Beijing, China
| | - Junqiang Qiu
- Department of Exercise Biochemistry, Exercise Science School, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
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Leeuwis RHJ, Hall JR, Zanuzzo FS, Smith N, Clow KA, Kumar S, Vasquez I, Goetz FW, Johnson SC, Rise ML, Santander J, Gamperl AK. Climate change can impair bacterial pathogen defences in sablefish via hypoxia-mediated effects on adaptive immunity. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 156:105161. [PMID: 38521379 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2024] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Low-oxygen levels (hypoxia) in aquatic habitats are becoming more common because of global warming and eutrophication. However, the effects on the health/disease status of fishes, the world's largest group of vertebrates, are unclear. Therefore, we assessed how long-term hypoxia affected the immune function of sablefish, an ecologically and economically important North Pacific species, including the response to a formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida bacterin. Sablefish were held at normoxia or hypoxia (100% or 40% air saturated seawater, respectively) for 6-16 weeks, while we measured a diverse array of immunological traits. Given that the sablefish is a non-model organism, this involved the development of a species-specific methodological toolbox comprised of qPCR primers for 16 key immune genes, assays for blood antibacterial defences, the assessment of blood immunoglobulin (IgM) levels with ELISA, and flow cytometry and confocal microscopy techniques. We show that innate immune parameters were typically elevated in response to the bacterial antigens, but were not substantially affected by hypoxia. In contrast, hypoxia completely prevented the ∼1.5-fold increase in blood IgM level that was observed under normoxic conditions following bacterin exposure, implying a serious impairment of adaptive immunity. Since the sablefish is naturally hypoxia tolerant, our results demonstrate that climate change-related deoxygenation may be a serious threat to the immune competency of fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robine H J Leeuwis
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada.
| | - Jennifer R Hall
- Aquatic Research Cluster, CREAIT Network, Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Fábio S Zanuzzo
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Nicole Smith
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Kathy A Clow
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Surendra Kumar
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Ignacio Vasquez
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Frederick W Goetz
- School of Freshwater Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, 53204, USA
| | - Stewart C Johnson
- Pacific Biological Station, Department of Fisheries and Oceans, Nanaimo, BC, V9T 6N7, Canada
| | - Matthew L Rise
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - Javier Santander
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
| | - A Kurt Gamperl
- Department of Ocean Sciences, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, NL, A1C 5S7, Canada
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Poore CP, Hazalin NAMN, Wei S, Low SW, Chen B, Nilius B, Hassan Z, Liao P. TRPM4 blocking antibody reduces neuronal excitotoxicity by specifically inhibiting glutamate-induced calcium influx under chronic hypoxia. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 191:106408. [PMID: 38199274 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Excitotoxicity arises from unusually excessive activation of excitatory amino acid receptors such as glutamate receptors. Following an energy crisis, excitotoxicity is a major cause for neuronal death in neurological disorders. Many glutamate antagonists have been examined for their efficacy in mitigating excitotoxicity, but failed to generate beneficial outcome due to their side effects on healthy neurons where glutamate receptors are also blocked. In this study, we found that during chronic hypoxia there is upregulation and activation of a nonselective cation channel TRPM4 that contributes to the depolarized neuronal membrane potential and enhanced glutamate-induced calcium entry. TRPM4 is involved in modulating neuronal membrane excitability and calcium signaling, with a complex and multifaceted role in the brain. Here, we inhibited TRPM4 using a newly developed blocking antibody M4P, which could repolarize the resting membrane potential and ameliorate calcium influx upon glutamate stimulation. Importantly, M4P did not affect the functions of healthy neurons as the activity of TRPM4 channel is not upregulated under normoxia. Using a rat model of chronic hypoxia with both common carotid arteries occluded, we found that M4P treatment could reduce apoptosis in the neurons within the hippocampus, attenuate long-term potentiation impairment and improve the functions of learning and memory in this rat model. With specificity to hypoxic neurons, TRPM4 blocking antibody can be a novel way of controlling excitotoxicity with minimal side effects that are common among direct blockers of glutamate receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlene P Poore
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - Nurul A M N Hazalin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Life Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, 42300, Selangor, Malaysia; Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia
| | - Shunhui Wei
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - See Wee Low
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - Bo Chen
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore
| | - Bernd Nilius
- Department Molecular Cell Biology, Campus Gasthuisberg, KU Leuven, Leuven 3000, Belgium
| | - Zurina Hassan
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia.
| | - Ping Liao
- Calcium Signaling Laboratory, National Neuroscience Institute, 308433, Singapore.
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Mühlfeld C, Bienas LM, Bornemann M, Schipke J. Chronic hypoxia-induced alterations of the right ventricular myocardium are not aggravated by alimentary obesity in the mouse. Microvasc Res 2024; 151:104618. [PMID: 37884172 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2023.104618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Obesity is a risk factor of cardiopulmonary disorders including left and right ventricular dysfunction and pulmonary hypertension (PH), and PH is associated with right ventricular (RV) hypertrophy and failure. Here, we tested the hypothesis that alterations of the RV capillary network under PH induced by chronic hypoxia are aggravated by alimentary obesity, thereby representing a predisposition for subsequent RV dysfunction. METHODS AND RESULTS Male, 6-week-old C57BL/6N mice were assigned to one of the following groups: control diet (CD), CD/hypoxia (CD-Hyp), high-fat diet (HFD), HFD/hypoxia (HFD-Hyp). Mice were fed CD or HFD for 30 weeks, CD-Hyp and HFD-Hyp mice were exposed to normobaric hypoxia (13 % O2) during the last 3 weeks of the experiments. Hearts were prepared for light and electron microscopy and right atria and RVs were analyzed by design-based stereology. HFD and hypoxia independently increased RV and cardiomyocyte volume. These changes were further enhanced in HFD-Hyp. The ratio between RV and body weights was similar in CD and HFD but enhanced in both hypoxia groups to a similar extent. The total length of capillaries was elevated in proportion with the RV hypertrophy, thus the area of myocardium supplied by an average capillary was similar in all groups. Similarly, the thickness of the capillary endothelium was not altered by HFD or hypoxia. CONCLUSION In conclusion, in experimental PH capillaries of the RV myocardium showed similar adaptations in lean and obese mice. Thus, under chronic hypoxic conditions, obesity had no adverse effect on the capillarization of the right ventricle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Mühlfeld
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany.
| | - Lisa-Marie Bienas
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Melanie Bornemann
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julia Schipke
- Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover, Germany
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6
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Joo HY, Jung JK, Kim MY, Woo SR, Jeong JM, Park ER, Kim YM, Park JJ, Kim J, Yun M, Shin HJ, Lee KH. NADH elevation during chronic hypoxia leads to VHL-mediated HIF-1α degradation via SIRT1 inhibition. Cell Biosci 2023; 13:182. [PMID: 37777750 PMCID: PMC10543270 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-023-01130-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Under conditions of hypoxia, cancer cells with hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) from heterogeneous tumor cells show greater aggression and progression in an effort to compensate for harsh environmental conditions. Extensive study on the stability of HIF-1α under conditions of acute hypoxia in cancer progression has been conducted, however, understanding of its involvement during the chronic phase is limited. METHODS In this study, we investigated the effect of SIRT1 on HIF1 stability in a typical chronic hypoxic conditon that maintains cells for 24 h under hypoxia using Western blotting, co-IP, measurement of intracellular NAD + and NADH levels, semi-quantitative RT-PCR analysis, invasion assay, gene knockdown. RESULTS Here we demonstrated that the high concentration of pyruvate in the medium, which can be easily overlooked, has an effect on the stability of HIF-1α. We also demonstrated that NADH functions as a signal for conveyance of HIF-1α degradation via the SIRT1 and VHL signaling pathway under conditions of chronic hypoxia, which in turn leads to attenuation of hypoxically strengthened invasion and angiogenic activities. A steep increase in the level of NADH occurs during chronic hypoxia, leading to upregulation of acetylation and degradation of HIF-1α via inactivation of SIRT1. Of particular interest, p300-mediated acetylation at lysine 709 of HIF-1α is recogonized by VHL, which leads to degradation of HIF-1α via ubiquitin/proteasome machinary under conditions of chronic hypoxia. In addition, we demonstrated that NADH-elevation-induced acetylation and subsequent degradation of HIF-1α was independent of proline hydroxylation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest a critical role of SIRT1 as a metabolic sensor in coordination of hypoxic status via regulation of HIF-1α stability. These results also demonstrate the involvement of VHL in degradation of HIF-1α through recognition of PHD-mediated hydroxylation in normoxia and p300-mediated HIF-1α acetylation in hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Yoo Joo
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Lab. of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Kyu Jung
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Neuro-Oncology Branch, The Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mi-Yeon Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seon Rang Woo
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Hyung Hee University Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Min Jeong
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun-Ran Park
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Min Kim
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong-Jean Park
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Lab. of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Miyong Yun
- Department of Bioindustry and Bioresource Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Hyun-Jin Shin
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Kee-Ho Lee
- Division of Radiation Biomedical Research, Korea Institute of Radiological & Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea.
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7
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Ullah A, Mamun AA, Zaidi MB, Roome T, Hasan A. A calcium peroxide incorporated oxygen releasing chitosan-PVA patch for Diabetic wound healing. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115156. [PMID: 37536030 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Impaired wound healing is a major healthcare problem in patients with diabetes often resulting in gangrene, microbial infection and amputation of affected limb. The delay or absence in healing process arises from several abnormalities, among them chronic hypoxia is a major concern due to its associated issues such as lack of collagen deposition, epithelization, fibroplasia, angiogenesis, and resistance to infections at the wound site. To address hypoxia, delivery of oxygen at the wound site through oxygen releasing agents have been proven to be effective therapeutics. Several oxygen releasing nanoparticles such as Sodium Percarbonate (SPC), Calcium Peroxide (CPO), Hydrogen Peroxide, Magnesium Peroxide (MPO) have been investigated in wound healing application. However, the uncontrolled/burst release of these nanotherapeutic agents and its accompanied cytotoxicity pose a barrier in expediting the healing process. In this study, a Chitosan-Polyvinyl alcohol (CS-PVA) based hydrogel containing oxygen releasing nanoparticle, calcium peroxide (CPO) was constructed to provide a slow and sustained delivery of oxygen for at least 5 days. In-vitro cell culture studies with this material using fibroblast and endothelial cell line exhibited improved biocompatibility, cell viability and enhanced proliferation in comparison with the control group. Additionally, cell migration study using scratch assay method showed superior cell migration ability of our proposed materials. Furthermore, In vivo study using diabetic rat model showed accelerated wound closure rate compared to untreated control wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asad Ullah
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar university, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Abdulla Al Mamun
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar university, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Qatar
| | - Midhat Batool Zaidi
- Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Qatar
| | - Talat Roome
- Dow Institute for Advanced Biological and Animal Research, Dow International Medical College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Qatar; Molecular Pathology Section, Department of Pathology, Dow Diagnostic Reference and Research Laboratory, Dow University of Health Sciences, Qatar
| | - Anwarul Hasan
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Qatar university, Qatar; Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Qatar.
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8
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Salinas CE, Patey OV, Murillo C, Gonzales M, Espinoza V, Mendoza S, Ruiz R, Vargas R, Perez Y, Montaño J, Toledo-Jaldin L, Badner A, Jimenez J, Peñaranda J, Romero C, Aguilar M, Riveros L, Arana I, Giussani DA. Preeclampsia and risk of maternal pulmonary hypertension at high altitude in Bolivia. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:523-531. [PMID: 37497575 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Women with a history of preeclampsia (PE) have a greater risk of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). In turn, pregnancy at high altitude is a risk factor for PE. However, whether women who develop PE during highland pregnancy are at risk of PAH before and after birth has not been investigated. We tested the hypothesis that during highland pregnancy, women who develop PE are at greater risk of PAH compared to women undergoing healthy highland pregnancies. The study was on 140 women in La Paz, Bolivia (3640m). Women undergoing healthy highland pregnancy were controls (C, n = 70; 29 ± 3.3 years old, mean±SD). Women diagnosed with PE were the experimental group (PE, n = 70, 31 ± 2 years old). Conventional (B- and M-mode, PW Doppler) and modern (pulsed wave tissue Doppler imaging) ultrasound were applied for cardiovascular íííassessment. Spirometry determined maternal lung function. Assessments occurred at 35 ± 4 weeks of pregnancy and 6 ± 0.3 weeks after birth. Relative to highland controls, highland PE women had enlarged right ventricular (RV) and right atrial chamber sizes, greater pulmonary artery dimensions and increased estimated RV contractility, pulmonary artery pressure and pulmonary vascular resistance. Highland PE women had lower values for peripheral oxygen saturation, forced expiratory flow and the bronchial permeability index. Differences remained 6 weeks after birth. Therefore, women who develop PE at high altitude are at greater risk of PAH before and long after birth. Hence, women with a history of PE at high altitude have an increased cardiovascular risk that transcends the systemic circulation to include the pulmonary vascular bed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C E Salinas
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - O V Patey
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Murillo
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - M Gonzales
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - V Espinoza
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - S Mendoza
- Centro de Salud Tembladerani, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - R Ruiz
- Hospital Materno Infantil, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - R Vargas
- Hospital de la Mujer, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Y Perez
- Hospital de la Mujer, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - J Montaño
- Hospital de la Mujer, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - A Badner
- Hospital Materno Infantil, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - J Jimenez
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | | | - C Romero
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - M Aguilar
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - L Riveros
- Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura (IBBA), UMSA, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - I Arana
- Grupo Premio Nobel, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - D A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- BHF Centre for Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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9
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Liu Q, Liu N, van der Noord V, van der Stel W, van de Water B, Danen EHJ, Le Dévédec SE. Differential response of luminal and basal breast cancer cells to acute and chronic hypoxia. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2023; 198:583-596. [PMID: 36826702 PMCID: PMC10036440 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-023-06863-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia is linked to disease progression and poor prognosis in several cancers, including breast cancer. Cancer cells can encounter acute, chronic, and/or intermittent periods of oxygen deprivation and it is poorly understood how the different breast cancer subtypes respond to such hypoxia regimes. Here, we assessed the response of representative cell lines for the luminal and basal A subtype to acute (24 h) and chronic hypoxia (5 days). High throughput targeted transcriptomics analysis showed that HIF-related pathways are significantly activated in both subtypes. Indeed, HIF1⍺ nuclear accumulation and activation of the HIF1⍺ target gene CA9 were comparable. Based on the number of differentially expressed genes: (i) 5 days of exposure to hypoxia induced a more profound transcriptional reprogramming than 24 h, and (ii) basal A cells were less affected by acute and chronic hypoxia as compared to luminal cells. Hypoxia-regulated gene networks were identified of which hub genes were associated with worse survival in breast cancer patients. Notably, while chronic hypoxia altered the regulation of the cell cycle in both cell lines, it induced two distinct adaptation programs in these subtypes. Mainly genes controlling central carbon metabolism were affected in the luminal cells whereas genes controlling the cytoskeleton were affected in the basal A cells. In agreement, in response to chronic hypoxia, lactate secretion was more prominently increased in the luminal cell lines which were associated with the upregulation of the GAPDH glycolytic enzyme. This was not observed in the basal A cell lines. In contrast, basal A cells displayed enhanced cell migration associated with more F-actin stress fibers whereas luminal cells did not. Altogether, these data show distinct responses to acute and chronic hypoxia that differ considerably between luminal and basal A cells. This differential adaptation is expected to play a role in the progression of these different breast cancer subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Liu
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Nasi Liu
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Vera van der Noord
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Wanda van der Stel
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bob van de Water
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik H J Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sylvia E Le Dévédec
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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10
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Yu H, He Y, Zhang J, Zhang Z, Zhang X. Hepatic transcriptome analysis reveals the metabolic strategies of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) under different dissolved oxygen condition. Comp Biochem Physiol Part D Genomics Proteomics 2023; 45:101032. [PMID: 36371883 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2022.101032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Dissolved oxygen (DO) affects aquatic animals at a fundamental level so that the differences in its metabolic strategies under prolonged hypoxic conditions need an urgent exploration. In this experiment, largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were chronically exposed (6 weeks) to severe hypoxia (S-HYP, DO: 2.0 ± 0.4 mg/L) and mild hypoxia (M-HYP, DO: 5.1 ± 0.4 mg/L). Compared to the control group (CON, DO:8.4 ± 0.4 mg/L), 1196 and 232 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained in S-HYP and M-HPY groups via transcriptome analysis, respectively. In S-HYP, lipolysis was promoted while anabolism was blocked. Meanwhile, significantly less fat droplet area was observed in the liver histology of S-HYP. Additionally, the cell cycle also responded to hypoxia, being blocked in the G1 phase with the suspension of DNA replication process. In M-HYP, the processing of protein in the endoplasmic reticulum and the synthesis of various aminoacyl t-RNA were inhibited, and a novel balance of the urea cycle might be established in the biosynthesis of arginine. The key DEGs involved in the above metabolic pathways, such as atgl, cpt1, arg1, etc., were validated by Q-PCR yielding results consistent with transcriptome data. This study indicates that the largemouth bass is prone to increase the proportion of lipid as an energy supply to adapt to the reprogramming of energy metabolism, while reducing the rate of cell proliferation to adapt to chronic severe hypoxia. This is also an undescribed observation in fish liver metabolism that largemouth bass may transform the synthesis and processing strategies of protein when exposed to chronic mild hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haodong Yu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ya He
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jinying Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xuezhen Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University; Engineering Research Center of Green Development for Conventional Aquatic Biological Industry in the Yangtze River Economic Belt, Ministry of Education; Hubei Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Pond Aquaculture, Wuhan 430070, China; Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China.
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11
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Hallis SP, Kim SK, Lee JH, Kwak MK. Association of NRF2 with HIF-2α-induced cancer stem cell phenotypes in chronic hypoxic condition. Redox Biol 2023; 60:102632. [PMID: 36791645 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The acquisition of the cancer stem cell (CSC) properties is often mediated by the surrounding microenvironment, and tumor hypoxia is considered an important factor for CSC phenotype development. High levels of NRF2 (Nuclear Factor Erythroid 2-Like 2; NFE2L2), a transcription factor that maintains cellular redox balance, have been associated with facilitated tumor growth and therapy resistance. In this study, we investigated the role of NRF2 in hypoxia-induced CSC phenotypes in colorectal cancer cells. Chronic hypoxia for 72 h resulted in CSC phenotypes, including elevation of krupple-like factor 4 (KLF4) and octamer-binding transcription factor 4 (OCT4), and an increase in cancer migration and spheroid growth with concomitant hypoxia-inducible factor 2α (HIF-2α) accumulation. All these chronic hypoxia-induced CSC properties were attenuated following HIF-2α-specific silencing. In this chronic hypoxia model, NRF2 inhibition by shRNA-based silencing or brusatol treatment blocked HIF-2α accumulation, which consequently resulted in decreased CSC marker expression and inhibition of CSC properties such as spheroid growth. In contrast, NRF2 overactivation by genetic or chemical approach enhanced the chronic hypoxia-induced HIF-2α accumulation and cancer migration. As a molecular mechanism of the NRF2-inhibition-mediated HIF-2α dysregulation, we demonstrated that miR-181a-2-3p, whose expression is elevated in NRF2-silenced cells, targeted the HIF-2α 3'UTR and subsequently suppressed the chronic hypoxia-induced HIF-2α and CSC phenotypes. The miR-181a-2-3p inhibitor treatment in NRF2-silenced cells could restore the levels of HIF-2α and CSC markers, and increased cancer migration and sphere formation under chronic hypoxia. In line with this, the miR-181a-2-3p inhibitor transfection could increase tumorigenicity of NRF2-silenced colorectal cancer cells. Collectively, our study suggests the involvement of NRF2/miR181a-2-3p signaling in the development of HIF-2α-mediated CSC phenotypes in sustained hypoxic environments.
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12
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Aldossary HS, Nieves DJ, Kavanagh DM, Owen D, Ray CJ, Kumar P, Coney AM, Holmes AP. Analyzing Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 Clustering in PC12 Cells in Response to Hypoxia Using Direct Stochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (dSTORM). Adv Exp Med Biol 2023; 1427:175-184. [PMID: 37322348 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-32371-3_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin II (Ang II) is a hormone that plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis. The Ang II receptor type 1 (AT1R) is expressed in acute O2 sensitive cells, including carotid body (CB) type I cells and pheochromocytoma 12 (PC12) cells, and Ang II increases cell activity. While a functional role for Ang II and AT1Rs in increasing the activity of O2 sensitive cells has been established, the nanoscale distribution of AT1Rs has not. Furthermore, it is not known how exposure to hypoxia may alter the single-molecule arrangement and clustering of AT1Rs. In this study, the AT1R nanoscale distribution under control normoxic conditions in PC12 cells was determined using direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM). AT1Rs were arranged in distinct clusters with measurable parameters. Across the entire cell surface there averaged approximately 3 AT1R clusters/μm2 of cell membrane. Cluster area varied in size ranging from 1.1 × 10-4 to 3.9 × 10-2 μm2. Twenty-four hours of exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) altered clustering of AT1Rs, with notable increases in the maximum cluster area, suggestive of an increase in supercluster formation. These observations could aid in understanding mechanisms underlying augmented Ang II sensitivity in O2 sensitive cells in response to sustained hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayyaf S Aldossary
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
- College of Medicine, Basic Medical Sciences, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Daniel J Nieves
- Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy and Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | | | - Dylan Owen
- School of Mathematics, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Clare J Ray
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Prem Kumar
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew M Coney
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew P Holmes
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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13
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Candia AA, Arias PV, González-Candia C, Navarrete A, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Llanos AJ, González-Candia A, Herrera EA. Melatonin treatment during chronic hypoxic gestation improves neonatal cerebrovascular function. Vascul Pharmacol 2022; 144:106971. [PMID: 35150933 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2022.106971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fetal chronic hypoxia is associated with blood flow redistribution and oxidative damage in the brain, leading to increased perinatal morbimortality. Melatonin reduces oxidative stress, improves vascular function, and has neuroprotective effects. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to determine the effects of an oral melatonin treatment to pregnant ewes at high-altitude, on the cerebrovascular function of their neonates. STUDY DESIGN Ten high-altitude pregnant sheep received either vehicle or melatonin (10 mg/d) during the last third of gestation until delivery. Postnatal daily hemodynamic measurements were recorded from lambs until 12 days old. In addition, lambs were submitted to a graded oxygenation protocol to assess cerebrovascular responses. Subsequently, lambs were euthanized, and middle cerebral arteries (MCA) were collected for vascular function, protein levels, and morphostructural analyses. RESULTS Antenatal treatment doubled plasma levels of melatonin in pregnant ewes. Melatonin increased carotid flow and decreased carotid vascular resistance in the lambs by the end of the first week. Furthermore, melatonin increased MCA's maximal vasoconstrictor and vasodilator responses, associated with nitric oxide-dependent and independent mechanisms. CONCLUSIONS An oral treatment with melatonin during pregnancy promotes postnatal cerebral perfusion in chronically hypoxic neonates. Melatonin is a potential treatment for cerebrovascular dysfunction due to perinatal chronic hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro A Candia
- Vascular Function & Reactivity Lab, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Department for the Woman and Newborn Health Promotion, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pamela V Arias
- Vascular Function & Reactivity Lab, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Cristopher González-Candia
- Vascular Function & Reactivity Lab, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Alvaro Navarrete
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de Santiago de, Chile, Chile
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile
| | - Roberto V Reyes
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile
| | - Aníbal J Llanos
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | | | - Emilio A Herrera
- Vascular Function & Reactivity Lab, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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14
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Liu Q, Palmgren VA, Danen EHJ, Le Dévédec SE. Acute vs. chronic vs. intermittent hypoxia in breast Cancer: a review on its application in in vitro research. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:10961-10973. [PMID: 36057753 PMCID: PMC9618509 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07802-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia has been linked to elevated instances of therapeutic resistance in breast cancer. The exposure of proliferating cancer cells to hypoxia has been shown to induce an aggressive phenotype conducive to invasion and metastasis. Regions of the primary tumors in the breast may be exposed to different types of hypoxia including acute, chronic or intermittent. Intermittent hypoxia (IH), also called cyclic hypoxia, is caused by exposure to cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation (H-R cycles). Importantly, there is currently no consensus amongst the scientific community on the total duration of hypoxia, the oxygen level, and the possible presence of H-R cycles. In this review, we discuss current methods of hypoxia research, to explore how exposure regimes used in experiments are connected to signaling by different hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) and to distinct cellular responses in the context of the hallmarks of cancer. We highlight discrepancies in the existing literature on hypoxia research within the field of breast cancer in particular and propose a clear definition of acute, chronic, and intermittent hypoxia based on HIF activation and cellular responses: (i) acute hypoxia is when the cells are exposed for no more than 24 h to an environment with 1% O2 or less; (ii) chronic hypoxia is when the cells are exposed for more than 48 h to an environment with 1% O2 or less and (iii) intermittent hypoxia is when the cells are exposed to at least two rounds of hypoxia (1% O2 or less) separated by at least one period of reoxygenation by exposure to normoxia (8.5% O2 or higher). Our review provides for the first time a guideline for definition of hypoxia related terms and a clear foundation for hypoxia related in vitro (breast) cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuyu Liu
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Victoria A.C. Palmgren
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik HJ Danen
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia E. Le Dévédec
- Division of Drug Discovery and Safety, Leiden Academic Centre of Drug Research, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
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15
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Rudloff S, Bileck A, Janker L, Wanner N, Liaukouskaya N, Lundby C, Huber TB, Gerner C, Huynh-Do U. Dichotomous responses to chronic fetal hypoxia lead to a predetermined aging phenotype. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 21:100190. [PMID: 34958949 PMCID: PMC8808178 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia-induced intrauterine growth restriction increases the risk for cardiovascular, renal and other chronic diseases in adults, representing thus a major public health problem. Still, not much is known about the fetal mechanisms that predispose these individuals to disease. Using a previously validated mouse model of fetal hypoxia and bottom-up proteomics we characterize the response of the fetal kidney to chronic hypoxic stress. Fetal kidneys exhibit a dichotomous response to chronic hypoxia, comprising on the one hand cellular adaptations that promote survival (glycolysis, autophagy, and reduced DNA and protein synthesis), but on the other processes that induce a senescence-like phenotype (infiltration of inflammatory cells, DNA damage, and reduced proliferation). Importantly, chronic hypoxia also reduces the expression of the anti-aging proteins klotho and Sirt6, a mechanism that is evolutionary conserved between mice and humans. Taken together, we uncover that predetermined aging during fetal development is a key event in chronic hypoxia, establishing a solid foundation for Barker's hypothesis of fetal programming of adult diseases. This phenotype is associated with a characteristic biomarker profile in tissue and serum samples, exploitable for detecting and targeting accelerated aging in chronic hypoxic human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Rudloff
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern and University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrea Bileck
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Wanner
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nastassia Liaukouskaya
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Lundby
- Centre for Physical Activity Research (CFAS), Rigshospitalet Section 7641, Ole Maaloesvej 24, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Faculty of Social and Health Sciences, Section for Health and Exercise Physiology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, NO-2624 Lillehammer, Norway
| | - Tobias B Huber
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, III. Medizinische Klinik und Poliklinik, Martinistrasse 52, D-20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Waehringer Strasse 38, A-1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Uyen Huynh-Do
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Bern and University Hospital Bern, Freiburgstrasse 15, CH-3010 Bern, Switzerland.
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16
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Ito T, Zhang E, Omori A, Kabwe J, Kawai M, Maruyama J, Okada A, Yokochi A, Sawada H, Mitani Y, Maruyama K. Model difference in the effect of cilostazol on the development of experimental pulmonary hypertension in rats. BMC Pulm Med 2021; 21:377. [PMID: 34801000 PMCID: PMC8605570 DOI: 10.1186/s12890-021-01710-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preventing pulmonary vascular remodeling is a key strategy for pulmonary hypertension (PH). Causes of PH include pulmonary vasoconstriction and inflammation. This study aimed to determine whether cilostazol (CLZ), a phosphodiesterase-3 inhibitor, prevents monocrotaline (MCT)- and chronic hypoxia (CH)-induced PH development in rats. METHODS Fifty-one male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed rat chow with (0.3% CLZ) or without CLZ for 21 days after a single injection of MCT (60 mg/kg) or saline. Forty-eight rats were fed rat chow with and without CLZ for 14 days under ambient or hypobaric (air at 380 mmHg) CH exposure. The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP), the right ventricle weight-to-left ventricle + septum weight ratio (RV/LV + S), percentages of muscularized peripheral pulmonary arteries (%Muscularization) and medial wall thickness of small muscular arteries (%MWT) were assessed. Levels of the endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), phosphorylated eNOS (peNOS), AKT, pAKT and IκB proteins in lung tissue were measured using Western blotting. Monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 mRNA in lung tissue was also assessed. RESULTS mPAP [35.1 ± 1.7 mmHg (MCT) (n = 9) vs. 16.6 ± 0.7 (control) (n = 9) (P < 0.05); 29.1 ± 1.5 mmHg (CH) (n = 10) vs. 17.5 ± 0.5 (control) (n = 10) (P < 0.05)], RV/LV + S [0.40 ± 0.01 (MCT) (n = 18) vs. 0.24 ± 0.01 (control) (n = 10) (P < 0.05); 0.41 ± 0.03 (CH) (n = 13) vs. 0.27 ± 0.06 (control) (n = 10) (P < 0.05)], and %Muscularization and %MWT were increased by MCT injection and CH exposure. CLZ significantly attenuated these changes in the MCT model [mPAP 25.1 ± 1.1 mmHg (n = 11) (P < 0.05), RV/LV + S 0.30 ± 0.01 (n = 14) (P < 0.05)]. In contrast, these CLZ effects were not observed in the CH model. Lung eNOS protein expression was unchanged in the MCT model and increased in the CH model. Lung protein expression of AKT, phosphorylated AKT, and IκB was downregulated by MCT, which was attenuated by CLZ; the CH model did not change these proteins. Lung MCP-1 mRNA levels were increased in MCT rats but not CH rats. CONCLUSIONS We found model differences in the effect of CLZ on PH development. CLZ might exert a preventive effect on PH development in an inflammatory PH model but not in a vascular structural change model of PH preceded by vasoconstriction. Thus, the preventive effect of CLZ on PH development might depend on the PH etiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshikazu Ito
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
| | - Erquan Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.,Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province Affiliated with Fujian Medical University, 145-817-Middle Road, Gulou, Fuzhou, 350005, Fujian, China
| | - Ayaka Omori
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Jane Kabwe
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Masako Kawai
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.,Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan
| | - Junko Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.,Faculty of Health Science, Suzuka University of Medical Science, Suzuka, Mie, 510-0293, Japan
| | - Amphone Okada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Ayumu Yokochi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Sawada
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Yoshihide Mitani
- Department of Pediatrics, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan
| | - Kazuo Maruyama
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie, 514-8507, Japan.
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17
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Santos-Martínez LE, Gómez-Tejada RA, Murillo-Jauregui CX, Hoyos-Paladines RA, Poyares-Jardim CV, Orozco-Levi M. [Chronic exposure to altitude. Clinical characteristics and diagnosis]. Arch Cardiol Mex 2021; 91:500-507. [PMID: 33765369 PMCID: PMC8641469 DOI: 10.24875/acm.20000447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
La exposición crónica a la altitud se ha asociado a hipoxia hipobárica en quienes la experimentan. Dos entidades se han asociado a la hipoxia hipobárica: la hipertensión pulmonar de la alta altitud y el mal de montaña crónico. Se describen sus características fisiológicas y de la circulación pulmonar, así como su perfil clínico y el diagnóstico.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis E Santos-Martínez
- Departamento de Hipertensión Pulmonar y Corazón Derecho, Unidad Médica de Alta Especialidad Hospital de Cardiología, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.,Departamento de Cuidados Intensivos Posquirúrgicos Cardiovasculares, Secretaría de Salubridad y Asistencia, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, México.,Departamento de Circulación Pulmonar, Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo A Gómez-Tejada
- Departamento de Circulación Pulmonar, Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,División de Neumología, Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carla X Murillo-Jauregui
- Departamento de Circulación Pulmonar, Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Unidad de Fisiología y Fisiopatología Respiratoria, Instituto Boliviano de Biología de Altura, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Rodrigo A Hoyos-Paladines
- Departamento de Circulación Pulmonar, Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Clínica de Hipertensión Pulmonar, Hospital Carlos Andrade Marín, Instituto Ecuatoriano de Seguridad Social, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Carlos V Poyares-Jardim
- Departamento de Circulación Pulmonar, Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Divisao de Pneumologia, Instituto do Coracao, InCor/HCFMUSP (Hospital das Clinicas da Universidade de Sao Paulo), Sao Paulo, Brasil
| | - Mauricio Orozco-Levi
- Departamento de Circulación Pulmonar, Asociación Latinoamericana del Tórax, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Servicio de Neumología, Hospital Internacional de Colombia, Fundación Cardiovascular de Colombia, Floridablanca, Colombia
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18
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Chen L, Ren SY, Li RX, Liu K, Chen JF, Yang YJ, Deng YB, Wang HZ, Xiao L, Mei F, Wang F. Chronic Exposure to Hypoxia Inhibits Myelinogenesis and Causes Motor Coordination Deficits in Adult Mice. Neurosci Bull 2021; 37:1397-1411. [PMID: 34292513 PMCID: PMC8490606 DOI: 10.1007/s12264-021-00745-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to chronic hypoxia is considered to be a risk factor for deficits in brain function in adults, but the underlying mechanisms remain largely unknown. Since active myelinogenesis persists in the adult central nervous system, here we aimed to investigate the impact of chronic hypoxia on myelination and the related functional consequences in adult mice. Using a transgenic approach to label newly-generated myelin sheaths (NG2-CreERTM; Tau-mGFP), we found that myelinogenesis was highly active in most brain regions, such as the motor cortex and corpus callosum. After exposure to hypoxia (10% oxygen) 12 h per day for 4 weeks, myelinogenesis was largely inhibited in the 4-month old brain and the mice displayed motor coordination deficits revealed by the beam-walking test. To determine the relationship between the inhibited myelination and functional impairment, we induced oligodendroglia-specific deletion of the transcription factor Olig2 by tamoxifen (NG2-CreERTM; Tau-mGFP; Olig2 fl/fl) in adult mice to mimic the decreased myelinogenesis caused by hypoxia. The deletion of Olig2 inhibited myelinogenesis and consequently impaired motor coordination, suggesting that myelinogenesis is required for motor function in adult mice. To understand whether enhancing myelination could protect brain functions against hypoxia, we treated hypoxic mice with the myelination-enhancing drug-clemastine, which resulted in enhanced myelogenesis and improved motor coordination. Taken together, our data indicate that chronic hypoxia inhibits myelinogenesis and causes functional deficits in the brain and that enhancing myelinogenesis protects brain functions against hypoxia-related deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shu-Yu Ren
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Rui-Xue Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Kun Liu
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Fei Chen
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yu-Jian Yang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Yong-Bin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Chongqing Emergency Medical Center, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400014, China
| | - Han-Zhi Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lan Xiao
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Feng Mei
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
| | - Fei Wang
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Brain and Intelligence Research Key Laboratory of Chongqing Education Commission, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China.
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19
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Song JL, Zheng SY, He RL, Gui LX, Lin MJ, Sham JSK. Serotonin and chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension activate a NADPH oxidase 4 and TRPM2 dependent pathway for pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 138:106860. [PMID: 33794383 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-dependent signaling mediated through its transporters and receptors plays important roles in chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (CHPH), which is associated with aberrant reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is one of the major sources of ROS in pulmonary vasculature, and has been implicated in the development of PH. NOX4 generates H2O2, which can activate the transient receptor potential melastatin 2 (TRPM2) channels, providing Ca2+ signals for cell proliferation and migration. However, the connection between 5-HT, NOX4, ROS and TRPM2 in the context of PH has not been established. Here we examined the level of 5-HT and expression of NOX4 and TRPM2, and their roles in pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) proliferation and migration. NOX4 and TRPM2 were upregulated in pulmonary arteries of CHPH rats, which were associated with elevated levels of 5-HT and ROS, and enhanced proliferation and migration in PASMCs. The increase in ROS, and the enhanced proliferation and migration of PASMCs from CHPH rats were mimicked by treating normoxic PASMCs with 5-HT. 5-HT; and CH-induced ROS production were reversed by catalase, the NOX1/NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831, and Nox4 siRNA. 5-HT and H2O2 elicited Ca2+ responses were significantly augmented in CHPH PASMCs; and the augmented Ca2+ responses were obliterated by the 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate (2-APB) and Trpm2-specific siRNA. Moreover, 5-HT and CH-induced proliferation and migration were suppressed by Nox4 or Trpm2 siRNA; and simultaneous transfection of both siRNA did not cause further inhibition. These results suggest that the 5-HT and CH-induced PASMC proliferation and migration were mediated, at least in part, by TRPM2 via activation of NOX4-dependent ROS production; and revealed a novel NOX4-ROS-TRPM2 signaling pathway for the pathogenesis of CHPH.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Calcium Signaling
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Proliferation/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Chronic Disease
- Disease Models, Animal
- Hypoxia/complications
- Male
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/physiopathology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/drug effects
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/enzymology
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- NADPH Oxidase 4/genetics
- NADPH Oxidase 4/metabolism
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/enzymology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/etiology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/pathology
- Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension/physiopathology
- Pulmonary Artery/drug effects
- Pulmonary Artery/enzymology
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Pulmonary Artery/physiopathology
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
- Serotonin/metabolism
- Serotonin/pharmacology
- TRPM Cation Channels/genetics
- TRPM Cation Channels/metabolism
- Vascular Remodeling/drug effects
- Rats
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Lin Song
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Si-Yi Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Rui-Lan He
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Long-Xin Gui
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China
| | - Mo-Jun Lin
- Key Laboratory of Fujian Province Universities on Ion Channel and Signal Transduction in Cardiovascular Diseases, Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, PR China.
| | - James S K Sham
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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20
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Lin X, Ye M, Mo W, Zhao H. The effects of chronic hypoxia on the endocrine-related parameters in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:3198-3205. [PMID: 34017489 PMCID: PMC8129330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic hypoxia on the endocrine-related parameters in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Sixty, 55-week-old, female SD rats were studied, among which 20 were randomly divided into a blank control group (the BCG), and 40 were intraperitoneally injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) for modeling and divided into a model control group (the MCG, n=20) and a hypoxic group (the HG, n=20). The BCG and the MCG were fed routinely under normoxia, while the HG was fed in the hypoxic environment of an OxyCycler Model A84XO hypoxic chamber. After 12 weeks of intervention, the body weights, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, the fasting insulin (FINS) levels, the blood lipid metabolism levels, the bone densities, the fresh weights of the femurs, the biomechanical properties of the femurs, the inflammatory factor levels, the H&E staining of the liver tissue, and the oil red O staining were compared. RESULTS The increases in weight gain and the FBG and FINS levels in the HG were lower than the corresponding levels in the MCG and were higher than the levels in the BCG (P<0.05). The TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in the HG were lower than they were in the MCG and higher than they were in the BCG (P<0.05). The bone density and fresh weight of the femurs at 12 weeks after the intervention in the HG were higher than they were in the MCG and lower than they were in the BCG (P<0.05). The maximum stress, maximum load, fracture load, and elastic modulus in the HG were higher than they were in the MCG and lower than they were in the BCG (P<0.05). The TNF-α, IL-6, PAI-1, and CRP levels in the HG were lower than they were in the MCG and higher than they were in the BCG (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Chronic hypoxia can improve the endocrine parameters and insulin resistance, improve the insulin sensitivity and the femoral biomechanics, reduce the inflammatory factors levels, and improve the glucose and lipid metabolism levels and liver function in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWenling 317523, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minjun Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWenling 317523, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWenling 317523, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWenling 317523, Zhejiang Province, China
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21
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Figueroa EG, Gonzaléz-Candia A, Villanueva CA, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Llanos AJ, Herrera EA. Beneficial effects of melatonin on prostanoids pathways in pulmonary hypertensive neonates. Vascul Pharmacol 2021; 138:106853. [PMID: 33766627 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2021.106853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension of the newborn (PAHN) is a syndrome caused by chronic hypoxia, characterized by decreased vasodilator function, a marked vasoconstrictor activity, proliferation of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and thickening of the extracellular matrix in the pulmonary circulation, among other characteristics. Prostaglandins are derived from the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and are important regulators of pulmonary vascular tone. Since hypoxia induces oxidative stress and has been related to PAHN, a postnatal treatment with melatonin has been proposed due to its antioxidant properties. Here, we determined the effects of melatonin on pulmonary vascular homeostasis given by prostanoids. Ten PAHN newborn lambs were divided in two groups and treated either with vehicle or melatonin. After 1 week of treatment, we assessed pulmonary vascular prostanoids function and expression by wire myography, RT-PCR, Western Blot and immunohistochemistry. Melatonin improved in vivo and ex vivo pulmonary vasodilation. This was associated with an increased function and expression of vasodilator prostanoids at the expense of vasoconstrictor prostanoids. Our study demonstrates for the first time that melatonin may enhance the vasodilator prostanoid pathway in PAHN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esteban G Figueroa
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Alejandro Gonzaléz-Candia
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Institute of Health Sciences, University of O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Cristian A Villanueva
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Germán Ebensperger
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Roberto V Reyes
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Aníbal J Llanos
- Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Laboratory of Vascular Function & Reactivity, Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; Pathophysiology Program, ICBM, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Chile.
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22
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Ouillon N, Sokolov EP, Otto S, Rehder G, Sokolova IM. Effects of variable oxygen regimes on mitochondrial bioenergetics and reactive oxygen species production in a marine bivalve, Mya arenaria. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb.237156. [PMID: 33436367 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.237156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Estuarine and coastal benthic organisms often experience fluctuations in oxygen levels that can negatively impact their mitochondrial function and aerobic metabolism. To study these impacts, we exposed a common sediment-dwelling bivalve, the soft-shell clam Mya arenaria, for 21 days to chronic hypoxia (P O2 ∼4.1 kPa), cyclic hypoxia (P O2 ∼12.7-1.9 kPa, mean 5.7 kPa) or normoxia (P O2 ∼21.1 kPa). pH was manipulated to mimic the covariation in CO2/pH and oxygen levels in coastal hypoxic zones. Mitochondrial respiration, including proton leak, the capacity for oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), the maximum activity of the electron transport system (ETS), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and activity and oxygen affinity of cytochrome c oxidase (CCO) were assessed. Acclimation to constant hypoxia did not affect the studied mitochondrial traits except for a modest decrease in the OXPHOS coupling efficiency. Cyclic hypoxia had no effect on OXPHOS or ETS capacity, but increased proton leak and lowered mitochondrial OXPHOS coupling efficiency. Furthermore, mitochondria of clams acclimated to cyclic hypoxia had higher rates of ROS generation compared with the clams acclimated to normoxia or chronic hypoxia. CCO activity was upregulated under cyclic hypoxia, but oxygen affinity of CCO did not change. These findings indicate that long-term cyclic hypoxia has a stronger impact on the mitochondria of M. arenaria than chronic hypoxia and might lead to impaired ATP synthesis, higher costs of mitochondrial maintenance and oxidative stress. These changes might negatively affect populations of M. arenaria in the coastal Baltic Sea under increasing hypoxia pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natascha Ouillon
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany
| | - Eugene P Sokolov
- Leibniz Institute for Baltic Research, Leibniz Science Campus Phosphorus Research Rostock, Rostock 18119, Germany
| | - Stefan Otto
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Research, Rostock 18119, Germany
| | - Gregor Rehder
- Department of Marine Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Baltic Research, Rostock 18119, Germany
| | - Inna M Sokolova
- Department of Marine Biology, Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Rostock, Rostock 18057, Germany .,Department of Maritime Systems, Interdisciplinary Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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23
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Funk DH, Sweeney BW, Jackson JK. Oxygen limitation fails to explain upper chronic thermal limits and the temperature size rule in mayflies. J Exp Biol 2021; 224:jeb233338. [PMID: 33288530 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.233338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
An inability to adequately meet tissue oxygen demands has been proposed as an important factor setting upper thermal limits in ectothermic invertebrates (especially aquatic species) as well as explaining the observed decline in adult size with increased rearing temperature during the immature stages (a phenomenon known as the temperature size rule, or TSR). We tested this by rearing three aquatic insects (the mayflies Neocloeon triangulifer and two species of the Cloeon dipterum complex) through their entire larval life under a range of temperature and oxygen concentrations. Hyperoxia did not extend upper thermal limits, nor did it prevent the loss of size or fertility experienced near upper chronic thermal limits. At moderate temperatures, the TSR pattern was observed under conditions of hyperoxia, normoxia and hypoxia, suggesting little or no influence of oxygen on this trend. However, for a given rearing temperature, adults were smaller and less fecund under hypoxia as a result of a lowering of growth rates. These mayflies greatly increased the size of their gills in response to lower dissolved oxygen concentrations but not under oxygen-saturated conditions over a temperature range yielding the classic TSR response. Using ommatidium diameter as a proxy for cell size, we found the classic TSR pattern observed under moderate temperature conditions was due primarily to a change in the number of cells rather than cell size. We conclude overall that a failure to meet tissue oxygen demands is not a viable hypothesis for explaining either the chronic thermal limit or TSR pattern in these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David H Funk
- Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA 19311, USA
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24
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Yan B, Ge X, Yu J, Hu Y, Girard O. Hypoxic re-exposure retains hematological but not performance adaptations post-altitude training. Eur J Appl Physiol 2021; 121:1049-1059. [PMID: 33426576 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04589-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To test the hypothesis that hypoxic re-exposure after return from natural altitude training is beneficial in retaining hematological and performance adaptations. METHODS Eighteen mixed martial art fighters completed a 3-weeks natural altitude training camp at 2418 m. Afterwards, participants were randomly assigned to a living high-training low (12 h/d at a simulated altitude of 2800 m) group (LHTL, n = 9) or a living low-training low group (LLTL, n = 9) for a 3-week sea-level training period. At baseline and after return to sea level, hematological [hemoglobin mass (Hbmass) on days 2, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 21] and performance (3000 m time trial and maximal oxygen uptake on days 4, 6, 9, 15 and 21) markers were assessed. RESULTS Mean Hbmass increased from baseline to day 2 (11.7 ± 0.9 vs. 12.4 ± 1.3 g/kg; + 6.6 ± 7.5%; P < 0.05). While Hbmass remained elevated above baseline in LHTL (P < 0.001), it returned near baseline levels from day 9 in LLTL. Irrespective of groups, mean V̇O2max was only elevated above baseline at day 2 (+ 4.5 ± 0.8%) and day 9 (+ 3.8 ± 8.0%) (both P < 0.05). Compared to baseline, 3000 m running time decreased at day 4 (- 3.1 ± 3.3%; P < 0.05) and day 15 (- 2.8 ± 2.3%; P < 0.05) only. CONCLUSIONS Despite re-exposure to hypoxia allowing a recovery of the hypoxic stimulus to retain Hbmass gains from previous altitude sojourn, there is no performance advantage of this practice above sea level residence. Our results also give support to empirical observations describing alternance of periods of optimal and attenuated performance upon return to sea level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Yan
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaochuan Ge
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiabei Yu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.,Beijing Institute of Sports Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Hu
- China Institute of Sport and Health Science, Beijing Sport University, Beijing, China.
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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25
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Abstract
The mammalian brain modulates its microvascular network to accommodate tissue energy demand in a process referred to as angioplasticity. There is an aging effect on cognitive function and adaptive responses to hypoxia. Hypoxia-induced angiogenesis is delayed in the aging mouse brain. Additionally, it has been shown that environmental enrichment provides an environment that fosters increased physical activity and sensory stimulation for mice as compared to standard housing; this stimulation increases neuronal activity and consequently brain oxygen demand. In this study, we investigated the effect of environmental enrichment and chronic hypoxia on cognitive performance in the young (2-4 months old) and the aged mice (17-21 months old). Mice were placed in a non-enriched or an enriched environment for 4 weeks under normoxia followed by 3 weeks of hypobaric hypoxia (~0.4 atm, equivalent to 8% normobaric oxygen at sea level). Cognitive function was evaluated using the Y-maze and the novel object recognition tests in the enriched or non-enriched mice under normoxic or hypoxic conditions. In Y-maze, a high alternation rate is indicative of sustained cognition as the animals must remember which arm was entered last, so as not to re-enter it. Novel object recognition is based on the natural tendency of rodents to investigate a novel object instead of a familiar one; a higher novel object exploration rate is indicative of better cognitive function. The young mice showed a significantly higher alternation rate (%, 63 ± 7 vs. 48 ± 10, n = 8 and 10, respectively) in the Y-Maze test as compared to the aged mice. Under normoxia, the enriched mice showed an improved alternation rate (%, 63 ± 10, n = 10) in Y-Maze test and a higher novel object exploration rate (%, 68 ± 10 vs. 52 ± 10) compared to the non-enriched controls. Similar results were observed for both young and aged mice following hypoxic exposure. Our data suggests that environmental enrichment improved the cognitive performance in the young and aged mice under normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahej Bindra
- Hathaway Brown High School, Shaker Heights, OH, USA
| | - Joseph C LaManna
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kui Xu
- Department of Physiology & Biophysics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
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26
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Ma L, Sebastian Garcia-Medina J, Ortet G, LaManna JC, Xu K. Altered Behavioral Performance in the Neuron-Specific HIF-1- and HIF-2-Deficient Mice Following Chronic Hypoxic Exposure. Adv Exp Med Biol 2021; 1269:271-6. [PMID: 33966229 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48238-1_43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcriptional regulators that mediate in mice for HIF-1 and HIF-2. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of neuronal deletion of HIF-1 and HIF-2 in hypoxic adaptation by using the neuron-specific knockout (KO) mice. The floxed control and KO mice were used. Hypoxic mice were kept in a hypobaric chamber at a pressure of 300 torr (0.4 ATM, which was equivalent to 8% oxygen under normobaric condition) for 3 weeks. The littermate, normoxic control mice were housed in the same room next to the chamber to match ambient conditions. Body weights were monitored throughout the 3-week course. Cognitive function was measured using a Y-maze test; motor functions were measured using the rotarod test and the grip strength test. The hematocrit increased significantly at the end of 3-week hypoxic exposure in both control and KO mice. In the Y-maze test, the alternation rate (indicative of sustained cognition) trended lower in the KO mice compared to the controls following hypoxia (%, 51.3 ± 13.1, n = 6 vs. 63.2 ± 12.0, n = 8). In the rotarod test, the latency (seconds) in the KO mice was significantly lower compared to the controls (50.4 ± 5.7 vs. 77.1 ± 5.0, n = 3 each before hypoxia and 66.4 ± 3.4, n = 6 vs. 98.1 ± 15.4 after hypoxia, n = 3). The grip strength in the KO mice was similar compared to the control mice before hypoxia, but the strength of KO mice trended higher after hypoxic exposure. Our data suggest that deficiency of neuronal HIF-1 and HIF-2 may result in changes in behavioral performance and other adaptative responses to hypoxia.
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27
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Ghattamaneni NKR, Brown L. Functional foods from the tropics to relieve chronic normobaric hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 286:103599. [PMID: 33333240 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Functional foods with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties are regarded as a complementary therapy to improve chronic diseases such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Obesity is a chronic low-grade inflammatory state leading to organ damage with increased risk of common diseases including cardiovascular and metabolic disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis and some cancers. IBD is a chronic intestinal inflammation categorised as Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis depending on the location of inflammation. These inflammatory states are characterised by normobaric hypoxia in adipose and intestinal tissues, respectively. Tropical foods especially from Australia and South America are discussed in this review to show their potential in attenuation of these chronic diseases. The phytochemicals from these foods have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities to reduce chronic normobaric hypoxia in the tissues. These health benefits of the tropical foods are relevant not only for health economy but also in providing a global solution by improving the sustainability of their cultivation and assisting the local economies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naga K R Ghattamaneni
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, 4305, Australia; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, 4305, Australia
| | - Lindsay Brown
- Functional Foods Research Group, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, 4305, Australia; School of Health and Wellbeing, University of Southern Queensland, Ipswich, 4305, Australia.
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Yan J, Song K, Bai Z, Ge RL. WY14643 improves left ventricular myocardial mitochondrial and systolic functions in obese rats under chronic persistent hypoxia via the PPARα pathway. Life Sci 2020; 266:118888. [PMID: 33310031 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) α, a key regulator of lipid metabolism, plays a role in maintaining the homeostasis of myocardial energy metabolism. Both hypoxia and obesity inhibit the expression of PPARα in the myocardium. In this study, we verified the inhibitory effects of hypoxia and obesity on PPARα and examined whether WY14643 (4-chloro-6-(2,3-xylidino)-2-pyrimidinylthioacetic acid), an agonist of PPARα, ameliorates myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction and protects cardiac function in obese rats under chronic persistent hypoxia. MAIN METHODS Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: a control group (normal chow diet, normal oxygen), a high-fat diet (HFD) group (normal oxygen), a chronic persistent hypoxia normal chow diet group, a chronic persistent hypoxia HFD group, a chronic persistent hypoxia HFD group with WY14643 treatment, and a chronic persistent hypoxia HFD group with vehicle treatment. KEY FINDINGS Hypoxia and obesity increased myocardial lipid accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and left ventricular systolic dysfunction. Myocardial lipid metabolism-related genes, including those encoding PPARα, PPARγ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), and carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1α (CPT1α), were downregulated, while acetyl-CoA carboxylase 2 (ACC2) was upregulated under a combination of hypoxia and obesity. WY14643 upregulated PPARα, PGC1α, and CPT1α, and downregulated ACC2. WY14643 alleviated hypoxia- and obesity-induced myocardial lipid accumulation and improved mitochondrial and left ventricular systolic functions. SIGNIFICANCE WY14643 improved myocardial mitochondrial and left ventricular systolic functions in obese rats under chronic persistent hypoxia. Thus, WY14643 possibly exerts its effects by regulating the PPARα pathway and shows potential as a therapeutic target for cardiovascular diseases associated with obesity and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Persistent medicine (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining 810001, PR China; Key Laboratory for Application of Persistent Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, PR China; Cardiovascular Medicine Department, Xuzhou Medical University affiliated hospital, Xuzhou 221006, PR China
| | - Kang Song
- Endocrinology Department, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810000, PR China
| | - Zhenzhong Bai
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Persistent medicine (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining 810001, PR China; Key Laboratory for Application of Persistent Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, PR China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University Medical College, Xining 810001, PR China; Key Laboratory of Persistent medicine (Qinghai University), Ministry of Education, Xining 810001, PR China; Key Laboratory for Application of Persistent Medicine in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, PR China.
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Yang M, Zhu M, Song K, Wuren T, Yan J, Ge RL, Ji L, Cui S. VHL gene methylation contributes to excessive erythrocytosis in chronic mountain sickness rat model by upregulating the HIF-2α/EPO pathway. Life Sci 2020; 266:118873. [PMID: 33309718 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) play important roles in the pathogenesis of erythrocytosis in chronic mountain sickness (CMS). von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) is a key regulator of hypoxia that can direct the poly-ubiquitylation and degradation of HIFs. Epigenetic mechanisms are believed to contribute toward adaption to chronic hypoxia. Here, we investigated the contribution and mechanism of VHL methylation in rats with erythrocytosis in CMS. MAIN METHODS The methylation status of VHL was measured via bisulfite sequencing PCR, while VHL, DNMT1, DNMT3α, and DNMT3β expression were assessed using real-time reverse transcription PCR and western blotting. HIF-2α and EPO expression levels in bone marrow were determined via immunohistochemical staining, and erythroid hyperplasia in bone marrow sections were observed with hematoxylin and eosin staining. KEY FINDINGS We found that chronic hypoxia triggered erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow and increased the quantity of peripheral red blood cells in CMS rats. Chronic hypoxia significantly induced methylation at the CpG site in the VHL promoter, decreased VHL expression, and increased HIF-2α and EPO expression. Chronic hypoxia increased DNMT3α and DNMT3β expression, consistent with the decrease in VHL expression. The DNA methyltransferase inhibitor 5-azacytidine reduced chronic hypoxia-induced erythroid proliferation in the bone marrow of rats with CMS by suppressing VHL methylation and DNMTs expression. SIGNIFICANCE Our study suggests that VHL methylation contributes toward excessive erythrocytosis in CMS by upregulating the HIF-2α/EPO pathway in the bone marrow of rats. We demonstrated that the DNMT inhibitor 5-azacytidine can attenuate erythroid hyperplasia in the bone marrow by demethylating the VHL promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Yang
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Mingming Zhu
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China; Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China
| | - Kang Song
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China; Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining 810001, China
| | - Tanna Wuren
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Ri-Li Ge
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China
| | - Linhua Ji
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China; Huadu District People's Hospital of Guangzhou, Guangzhou 510800, China.
| | - Sen Cui
- Research Center for High Altitude Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China; Key Laboratory of Application and Foundation for High Altitude Medicine Research in Qinghai Province, Xining 810001, China; Affiliated Hospital of Qinghai University, Xining 810001, China.
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Papoušek F, Sedmera D, Neckář J, Ošťádal B, Kolář F. Left ventricular function and remodelling in rats exposed stepwise up to extreme chronic intermittent hypoxia. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2020; 282:103526. [PMID: 32805421 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2020.103526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The main aim was to find out whether long-lasting stepwise exposure to extreme hypoxia affects left ventricular (LV) geometry and systolic function. Adult male rats were exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (8 h/day) with increasing altitude in steps of 1000 m every 3 weeks up to 8000 m. While the LV cavity diastolic diameter did not change over the whole range of hypoxia, the wall thickness increased significantly at the altitude of 8000 m. LV fractional shortening ranged between 48.1 % and 50.1 % and remained unaffected even at the most severe hypoxia. At the end of experiment, haematocrit reached 83 %, mean systemic arterial pressure 120 % and relative LV weight 154 % of normoxic values while RV systolic pressure and relative RV weight doubled. Myocyte hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis were more pronounced in RV than in LV. In conclusion, LV systolic function was preserved after chronic stepwise exposure of rats to extreme intermittent hypoxia despite moderate concentric hypertrophy and myocardial remodelling.
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Affiliation(s)
- František Papoušek
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David Sedmera
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic; Institute of Anatomy, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Ošťádal
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - František Kolář
- Laboratory of Developmental Cardiology, Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Rivera E, García-Herrera C, González-Candia A, Celentano DJ, Herrera EA. Effects of melatonin on the passive mechanical response of arteries in chronic hypoxic newborn lambs. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2020; 112:104013. [PMID: 32846285 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is a condition that increases the cardiovascular complications of newborns gestated and born at high altitude (HA), over 2500 m above sea level (masl). A particularly complex pathology is pulmonary arterial hypertension of the neonate (PHN), which is increased at HA due to hypobaric hypoxia. Basic and clinical research have recognized that new treatments are needed, because current ones are, in general, palliative and with low effectiveness. Therefore, recently we have proposed melatonin as a potential adjuvant treatment to improve cardiopulmonary function. However, melatonin effects on the mechanical response of the arteries and their microstructure are not known. This study assesses the effects of a neonatal treatment with daily low doses of melatonin on the passive biomechanical behavior of the aorta artery and main pulmonary artery of PHN lambs born in chronic hypobaric hypoxia (at 3600 masl). With this purpose, ex-vivo measurements were made on axial stretch, tensile and opening ring tests together with a histological analysis to explore the morphometry and microstructure of the arteries. Our results show that the passive mechanical properties of the aorta artery and main pulmonary artery of lambs do not seem to be affected by a treatment based on low melatonin doses. However, we found evidence that melatonin has microstructural effects, particularly, diminishing cell proliferation, which is an indicator of antiremodeling capacity. Therefore, the use of melatonin as an adjuvant against pathologies like PHN would present antiproliferative effect at the microstructural level, keeping the macroscopic properties of the aorta artery and main pulmonary artery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Rivera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Claudio García-Herrera
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Av. Bernardo O'Higgins, 3363, Santiago de Chile, Chile.
| | - Alejandro González-Candia
- International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Baquedano S/n, Putre, Chile; Institute of Health Sciences, University of O'Higgins, Libertador Bernardo O'Higgins 611, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Diego J Celentano
- Departamento de Ingeniería Mecánica y Metalúrgica, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Av. Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Emilio A Herrera
- Laboratorio de Función y Reactividad Vascular, Programa de Fisiopatología, ICBM, Universidad de Chile, Av. Salvador 486, Santiago de Chile, Chile; International Center for Andean Studies (INCAS), Universidad de Chile, Baquedano S/n, Putre, Chile
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Doria C, Verratti V, Pietrangelo T, Fanò-Illic G, Bisconti AV, Shokohyar S, Rampichini S, Limonta E, Coratella G, Longo S, Cè E, Esposito F. Changes in energy system contributions to the Wingate anaerobic test in climbers after a high altitude expedition. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:1629-1636. [PMID: 32494861 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The Wingate anaerobic test measures the maximum anaerobic capacity of the lower limbs. The energy sources of Wingate test are dominated by anaerobic metabolism (~ 80%). Chronic high altitude exposure induces adaptations on skeletal muscle function and metabolism. Therefore, the study aim was to investigate possible changes in the energy system contribution to Wingate test before and after a high-altitude sojourn. METHODS Seven male climbers performed a Wingate test before and after a 43-day expedition in the Himalaya (23 days above 5.000 m). Mechanical parameters included: peak power (PP), average power (AP), minimum power (MP) and fatigue index (FI). The metabolic equivalents were calculated as aerobic contribution from O2 uptake during the 30-s exercise phase (WVO2), lactic and alactic anaerobic energy sources were determined from net lactate production (WLa) and the fast component of the kinetics of post-exercise oxygen uptake (WPCr), respectively. The total metabolic work (WTOT) was calculated as the sum of the three energy sources. RESULTS PP and AP decreased from 7.3 ± 1.1 to 6.7 ± 1.1 W/kg and from 5.9 ± 0.7 to 5.4 ± 0.8 W/kg, respectively, while FI was unchanged. WTOT declined from 103.9 ± 28.7 to 83.8 ± 17.8 kJ. Relative aerobic contribution remained unchanged (19.9 ± 4.8% vs 18.3 ± 2.3%), while anaerobic lactic and alactic contributions decreased from 48.3 ± 11.7 to 43.1 ± 8.9% and increased from 31.8 ± 14.5 to 38.6 ± 7.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Chronic high altitude exposure induced a reduction in both mechanical and metabolic parameters of Wingate test. The anaerobic alactic relative contribution increased while the anaerobic lactic decreased, leaving unaffected the overall relative anaerobic contribution to Wingate test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Doria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - V Verratti
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Health and Territory, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - T Pietrangelo
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - G Fanò-Illic
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - A V Bisconti
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - S Shokohyar
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Rampichini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - E Limonta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - G Coratella
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Longo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - E Cè
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
| | - F Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università Degli Studi Di Milano, Via G. Colombo 71, 20133, Milan, Italy.,IRCCS, Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, Milan, Italy
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Abstract
Purpose In pulmonary hypertension (PH), hypoxia represents both an outcome and a cause of exacerbation. We addressed the question whether hypoxia adaptation might affect the mechanisms underlying PH alleviation through phosphodiesterase-5 (PDE5) inhibition. Methods Eight-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups depending on treatment (placebo or sildenafil, a drug inhibiting PDE5) and were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for 0 (t0, n = 9/10), 2 (t2, n = 5/5) or 4 (t4, n = 5/5) weeks. The rats were treated (0.3 mL i.p.) with either saline or sildenafil (1.4 mg/Kg per day). Results Two-week hypoxia changed the body weight (− 31% vs. − 27%, respectively, P = NS), blood hemoglobin (+ 25% vs. + 27%, P = NS) and nitrates+nitrites (+ 175% vs. + 261%, P = 0.007), right ventricle fibrosis (+ 814% vs. + 317%, P < 0.0001), right ventricle hypertrophy (+ 84% vs. + 49%, P = 0.007) and systolic pressure (+ 108% vs. + 41%, P = 0.001), pulmonary vessel density (+ 61% vs. + 46%, P = NS), and the frequency of small (< 50 µm wall thickness) vessels (+ 35% vs. + 13%, P = 0.0001). Most of these changes were maintained for 4-week hypoxia, except blood hemoglobin and right ventricle hypertrophy that continued increasing (+ 52% vs. + 42%, P = NS; and + 104% vs. + 83%, P = 0.04). To further assess these observations, small vessel frequency was found to be linearly related with the right ventricle-developed pressure independent of hypoxia duration. Conclusions Thus, although hypoxia adaptation is not yet accomplished after 4 weeks, PH alleviation by PDE5 inhibition might nevertheless provide an efficient strategy for the management of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Coline Nydegger
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antonio F Corno
- Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Ludwig K von Segesser
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Maurice Beghetti
- Pediatric Cardiology Unit, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
- Centre Universitaire Romand de Cardiologie et Chirurgie Cardiaque Pédiatrique, Children's University Hospitals, Geneva and Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michele Samaja
- Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Milano
- Department Cœur-Vaisseaux, Cardiac Surgery center, University Hospital of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is the most general technique applied in congenital heart disease (CHD). However, standard CPB poses a specific pathologic condition for patients during surgery: exposure to reoxygenation. When surgery is performed on cyanotic infants, standard CPB is usually initiated at a high concentration of oxygen without consideration of cytotoxic effects. Controlled reoxygenation is defined as using normoxic CPB with a pump primed to the PO2 (oxygen tension in the blood), which is matched to the patient's preoperative saturation. The aim of this study was to determine whether controlled reoxygenation could avoid standard reoxygenation injury and also to clarify the molecular signaling pathways during hypoxia. We successfully reproduced the abnormal brain observed in mice with chronic hypoxia during early postnatal development – equivalent to the third trimester in human. Mice were treated with standard reoxygenation and controlled reoxygenation after hypoxia for 24 h. We then assessed the brain tissue of these mice. In standard reoxygenation-treated hypoxia mice, the caspase-3-dependent neuronal apoptosis was enhanced by increasing concentration of oxygen. Interestingly, controlled reoxygenation inhibited neuron and glial cell apoptosis through suppressing cleavage of caspase-3 and PARP. We also found that controlled reoxygenation suppressed LCN2 expression and inflammatory cytokine (including TNF-α, IL-6, and CXCL10) production, in which the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway might participate. In conclusion, our findings propose the novel therapeutic potential of controlled reoxygenation on CPB during CHD. Summary: Controlled reoxygenation may provide an effective therapeutic strategy for hypoxia-induced tissue injury via regulation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. It will help make better informed clinical treatment decisions for cyanotic infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xingqin Tan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shangyingying Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Jie Cui
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Shengfen Tu
- Department of Anesthesiology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China.,China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Li Jiang
- China International Science and Technology Cooperation base of Child development and Critical Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Chongqing 400016, China.,Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Child Development and Disorders; National Clinical Research Center for Child Health and Disorders, Chongqing 400016, China
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Žaloudíková M, Vytášek R, Rašková M, Vízek M, Uhlík J, Hampl V. The effect of exposure to hypoxia on superoxide formation by alveolar macrophages is indirect. Life Sci 2019; 236:116864. [PMID: 31518607 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.116864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To elucidate the role of alveolar macrophages (AM) in the pathogenesis of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), we tested the effects of sustained hypoxia on AM polarization and on the formation of superoxide by AM in vivo and in vitro. MAIN METHODS Rat AM were obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage. 4-day exposure to hypoxia (10% O2) was carried out in vivo (rats in isobaric hypoxic chamber, controls kept in air) or in vitro (control AM in 21% O2 and 5% CO2). Superoxide production was measured by luminol-orthovanadate chemiluminescence, AM polarization was detected immunocytochemically. To ascertain the effect of substances contained in the alveolar environment, we cultivated cells also in the presence of non-cellular components of the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) either from controls or from rats exposed to 4 days of hypoxia. KEY FINDINGS In vivo, but not in vitro, hypoxia increased AM superoxide production. Both types of hypoxia polarized AM into M2 (pro-proliferative) type. While the presence of control BALF attenuated superoxide production in AM cultivated in normoxia, BALF from the hypoxia-exposed rats had no effect. In AM cultivated in hypoxia, superoxide production was not altered by control BALF and elevated by BALF obtained from hypoxic rats. SIGNIFICANCE Hypoxia does not influence superoxide production by AM directly but rather by modulating their milieu and their sensitivity to external influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Žaloudíková
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic.
| | - Richard Vytášek
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Marcela Rašková
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Vízek
- Department of Pathophysiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Uhlík
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
| | - Václav Hampl
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Czech Republic
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Teramo K, Piñeiro-Ramos JD. Fetal chronic hypoxia and oxidative stress in diabetic pregnancy. Could fetal erythropoietin improve offspring outcomes? Free Radic Biol Med 2019; 142:32-37. [PMID: 30898666 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2019.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is responsible for microvascular complications (hypertension, nephropathy, retinopathy, peripheral neuropathy) of diabetes, which during pregnancy increase both maternal and fetal complications. Chronic hypoxia and hyperglycemia result in increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidant enzyme activity. However, oxidative stress induces also anti-oxidative reactions both in pregnant diabetes patients and in their fetuses. Not all type 1 diabetes patients with long-lasting disease develop microvascular complications, which suggests that some of these patients have protective mechanisms against these complications. Fetal erythropoietin (EPO) is the main regulator of red cell production in the mother and in the fetus, but it has also protective effects in various maternal and fetal tissues. This dual effect of EPO is based on EPO receptor (EPO-R) isoforms, which differ structurally and functionally from the hematopoietic EPO-R isoform. The tissue protective effects of EPO are based on its anti-apoptotic, anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, cell proliferative and angiogenic properties. Recent experimental and clinical studies have shown that EPO has also positive metabolic effects on hyperglycemia and diabetes, although these have not yet been fully delineated. Whether the tissue protective and metabolic effects of EPO could have clinical benefits, are important topics for future research in diabetic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Teramo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
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Dua S, Singh SP, Chawla A, Mohan L, Bhattacharya A, Basannar DR. Ventilatory parameters at rest after months of stay at 3300 m: A comparison between acclimatized lowlanders and natives at Leh. Med J Armed Forces India 2019; 75:274-281. [PMID: 31388229 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2018.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Increased pulmonary ventilation helps lowlanders and natives to maintain arterial oxygenation at high altitudes. Natives of Ladakh have been shown to have similar ventilatory parameters as Tibetans at 3300 m. But there is limited literature comparing these parameters in Ladakhi natives with acclimatized lowland sojourners. Methods End-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (EtCO2), blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) and hemoglobin concentration (Hb) were measured in 276 participants, 126 native highlanders (NHL - 40 females, 86 males) and 150 acclimatized lowlanders (ALL - 60 females, 90 males). Results EtCO2 was greater in the NHL compared to the ALL, (33.8 ± 3.3 vs 31 ± 2.5 mmHg) although SpO2 was lower (90.9 ± 2.4 vs 91.7 ± 2.3%). When grouped by sex, NHL males had significantly greater EtCO2 than NHL females, ALL males and ALL females. Hb and calculated arterial oxygen content was similar in Ladakhis and acclimatized lowlanders, although greater in males compared to females. Systemic blood pressure, heart rate and the proportion of hypertensives was significantly greater in the ALL. Conclusion Native Ladakhis, have a significantly greater resting EtCO2 (especially in males) and lower SpO2 than acclimatized lowlanders. Blood Hb concentration and oxygen content is, however, similar in natives and acclimatized lowlanders of the same sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelka Dua
- Classified Specialist (Physiology), 165 Military Hospital, C/o 99 APO, India
| | - S P Singh
- Professor, Department of Physiology, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
| | - Anuj Chawla
- Senior Adviser (Physiology), Base Hospital Delhi Cantt, Delhi, India
| | - Latika Mohan
- Professor & Head (Physiology), All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Anirban Bhattacharya
- Research Pool Officer, High Altitude Medical Research Centre, Leh, Ladakh, India
| | - D R Basannar
- Scientist 'F', Department of Community Medicine, Armed Forces Medical College, Pune 411040, India
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Benak D, Sotakova-Kasparova D, Neckar J, Kolar F, Hlavackova M. Selection of optimal reference genes for gene expression studies in chronically hypoxic rat heart. Mol Cell Biochem 2019; 461:15-22. [PMID: 31300984 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-019-03584-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Adaptation to chronic hypoxia renders the heart more tolerant to ischemia/reperfusion injury. To evaluate changes in gene expression after adaptation to chronic hypoxia by RT-qPCR, it is essential to select suitable reference genes. In a chronically hypoxic rat model, no specific reference genes have been identified in the myocardium. This study aimed to select the best reference genes in the left (LV) and right (RV) ventricles of chronically hypoxic and normoxic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were adapted to continuous normobaric hypoxia (CNH; 12% O2 or 10% O2) for 3 weeks. The expression levels of candidate genes were assessed by RT-qPCR. The stability of genes was evaluated by NormFinder, geNorm and BestKeeper algorithms. The best five reference genes in the LV were Top1, Nupl2, Rplp1, Ywhaz, Hprt1 for the milder CNH and Top1, Ywhaz, Sdha, Nupl2, Tomm22 for the stronger CNH. In the RV, the top five genes were Hprt1, Nupl2, Gapdh, Top1, Rplp1 for the milder CNH and Tomm22, Gapdh, Hprt1, Nupl2, Top1 for the stronger CNH. This study provides validation of reference genes in LV and RV of CNH rats and shows that suitable reference genes differ in the two ventricles and depend on experimental protocol.
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Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is considered as one of the important environmental factors contributing to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Many chronic hypoxia-causing comorbidities, such as obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have been reported to be closely associated with AD. Increasing evidence has documented that chronic hypoxia may affect many pathological aspects of AD including amyloid β (Aβ) metabolism, tau phosphorylation, autophagy, neuroinflammation, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and mitochondrial and synaptic dysfunction, which may collectively result in neurodegeneration in the brain. In this Review, we briefly summarize the effects of chronic hypoxia on AD pathogenesis and discuss the underlying mechanisms. Since chronic hypoxia is common in the elderly and may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD, prospective prevention and treatment targeting hypoxia may be helpful to delay or alleviate AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Long Niu
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Song Li
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Center for Clinical Research on Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116021, China
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Gonzalez-Candia A, Veliz M, Carrasco-Pozo C, Castillo RL, Cárdenas JC, Ebensperger G, Reyes RV, Llanos AJ, Herrera EA. Antenatal melatonin modulates an enhanced antioxidant/pro-oxidant ratio in pulmonary hypertensive newborn sheep. Redox Biol 2019; 22:101128. [PMID: 30771751 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic hypobaric hypoxia during fetal and neonatal life induces neonatal pulmonary hypertension. Hypoxia and oxidative stress are driving this condition, which implies an increase generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and/or decreased antioxidant capacity. Melatonin has antioxidant properties that decrease oxidative stress and improves pulmonary vascular function when administered postnatally. However, the effects of an antenatal treatment with melatonin in the neonatal pulmonary function and oxidative status are unknown. Therefore, we hypothesized that an antenatal therapy with melatonin improves the pulmonary arterial pressure and antioxidant status in high altitude pulmonary hypertensive neonates. Twelve ewes were bred at high altitude (3600 m); 6 of them were used as a control group (vehicle 1.4% ethanol) and 6 as a melatonin treated group (10 mg d-1 melatonin in vehicle). Treatments were given once daily during the last third of gestation (100–150 days). Lambs were born and raised with their mothers until 12 days old, and neonatal pulmonary arterial pressure and resistance, plasma antioxidant capacity and the lung oxidative status were determined. Furthermore, we measured the pulmonary expression and activity for the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase, and the oxidative stress markers 8-isoprostanes, 4HNE and nitrotyrosine. Finally, we assessed pulmonary pro-oxidant sources by the expression and function of NADPH oxidase, mitochondria and xanthine oxidase. Melatonin decreased the birth weight. However, melatonin enhanced the plasma antioxidant capacity and decreased the pulmonary antioxidant activity, associated with a diminished oxidative stress during postnatal life. Interestingly, melatonin also decreased ROS generation at the main pro-oxidant sources. Our findings suggest that antenatal administration of melatonin programs an enhanced antioxidant/pro-oxidant status, modulating ROS sources in the postnatal lung.
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Dong Q, Shi L, Li Y, Jiang M, Sun H, Wang B, Cheng H, Zhang Y, Shao T, Shi Y, Wang Z. Differential responses of Lasiopodomys mandarinus and Lasiopodomys brandtii to chronic hypoxia: a cross-species brain transcriptome analysis. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:901. [PMID: 30537924 PMCID: PMC6290494 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subterranean rodents have evolved many features to adapt to their hypoxic environment. The brain is an organ that is particularly vulnerable to damage caused by exposure to hypoxic conditions. To investigate the mechanisms of adaption to a hypoxic underground environment, we carried out a cross-species brain transcriptome analysis by RNA sequencing and identified genes that are differentially expressed between the subterranean vole Lasiopodomys mandarinus and the closely related above-ground species Lasiopodomys brandtii under chronic hypoxia [10.0% oxygen (O2)] and normoxia (20.9% O2). RESULTS A total of 355 million clean reads were obtained, including 69,611 unigenes in L. mandarinus and 69,360 in L. brandtii. A total of 235 and 92 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by comparing the hypoxic and control groups of L. mandarinus and L. brandtii, respectively. A Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed that upregulated DEGs in both species had similar functions in response to hypoxia, whereas downregulated DEGs in L. mandarinus were enriched GO terms related to enzymes involved in aerobic reactions. In the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis, upregulated DEGs in L. mandarinus were associated with angiogenesis and the increased O2 transport capacity of red blood cells, whereas downregulated DEGs were associated with immune responses. On the other hand, upregulated DEGs in L. brandtii were associated with cell survival, vascular endothelial cell proliferation, and neuroprotection, while downregulated genes were related to the synaptic transmission by neurons. CONCLUSIONS L. mandarinus actively adapts its physiological functions to hypoxic conditions, for instance by increasing O2 transport capacity and modulating O2 consumption. In contrast, L. brandtii reacts passively to hypoxia by decreasing overall activity in order to reduce O2 consumption. These results provide insight into hypoxia adaptation mechanisms in subterranean rodents that may be applicable to humans living at high altitudes or operating in other O2-poor environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianqian Dong
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Luye Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875 China
| | - Yangwei Li
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
- Central Laboratory, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450008 Henan China
| | - Mengwan Jiang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Hong Sun
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Baishi Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
- Institute of Forensic Science, Ministry of Public Security, Beijing, 100038 China
| | - Han Cheng
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Tian Shao
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Yuhua Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
| | - Zhenlong Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001 Henan China
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Shibata A, Uchida K, Kodo K, Miyauchi T, Mikoshiba K, Takahashi T, Yamagishi H. Type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor inhibits the progression of pulmonary arterial hypertension via calcium signaling and apoptosis. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:724-34. [PMID: 30460575 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-1304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive disease associated with vasoconstriction and remodeling. Intracellular Ca2+ signaling regulates the contraction of pulmonary arteries and the proliferation of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs); however, it is not clear which molecules related to Ca2+ signaling contribute to the progression of PAH. In this study, we found the specific expression of type 2 inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor (IP3R2), which is an intracellular Ca2+ release channel, on the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum in mouse PASMCs, and demonstrated its inhibitory role in the progression of PAH using a chronic hypoxia-induced PAH mouse model. After chronic hypoxia exposure, IP3R2-/- mice exhibited the significant aggravation of PAH, as determined by echocardiography and right ventricular hypertrophy, with significantly greater medial wall thickness by immunohistochemistry than that of wild-type mice. In IP3R2-/- murine PASMCs with chronic hypoxia, a TUNEL assay revealed the significant suppression of apoptosis, whereas there was no significant change in proliferation. Thapsigargin-induced store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) was significantly enhanced in IP3R2-/- PASMCs in both normoxia and hypoxia based on in vitro fluorescent Ca2+ imaging. Furthermore, the enhancement of SOCE in IP3R2-/- PASMCs was remarkably suppressed by the addition of DPB162-AE, an inhibitor of the stromal-interacting molecule (STIM)-Orai complex which is about 100 times more potent than 2-APB. Our results indicate that IP3R2 may inhibit the progression of PAH by promoting apoptosis and inhibiting SOCE via the STIM-Orai pathway in PASMCs. These findings suggest a previously undetermined role of IP3R in the development of PAH and may contribute to the development of targeted therapies.
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Zhang B, Paffett ML, Naik JS, Jernigan NL, Walker BR, Resta TC. Cholesterol Regulation of Pulmonary Endothelial Calcium Homeostasis. Curr Top Membr 2018; 82:53-91. [PMID: 30360783 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholesterol is a key structural component and regulator of lipid raft signaling platforms critical for cell function. Such regulation may involve changes in the biophysical properties of lipid microdomains or direct protein-sterol interactions that alter the function of ion channels, receptors, enzymes, and membrane structural proteins. Recent studies have implicated abnormal membrane cholesterol levels in mediating endothelial dysfunction that is characteristic of pulmonary hypertensive disorders, including that resulting from long-term exposure to hypoxia. Endothelial dysfunction in this setting is characterized by impaired pulmonary endothelial calcium entry and an associated imbalance that favors production vasoconstrictor and mitogenic factors that contribute to pulmonary hypertension. Here we review current knowledge of cholesterol regulation of pulmonary endothelial Ca2+ homeostasis, focusing on the role of membrane cholesterol in mediating agonist-induced Ca2+ entry and its components in the normal and hypertensive pulmonary circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bojun Zhang
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Michael L Paffett
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Jay S Naik
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Nikki L Jernigan
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Benjimen R Walker
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States
| | - Thomas C Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States.
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van den Thillart G, Wilms I, Nieveen M, Weber RE, Witte F. Hypoxia-induced changes in hemoglobins of Lake Victoria cichlids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 221:jeb.177832. [PMID: 29997155 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.177832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, broods of the Lake Victoria cichlid Haplochromis ishmaeli raised under hypoxic or normoxic conditions showed striking differences in isohemoglobin (isoHb) pattern that were not observed in two other cichlids that do not belong to the Lake Victoria species flock. We therefore hypothesized that the adaptive mechanism seen in H. ishmaeli in response to hypoxia constitutes a trait that the Lake Victoria species flock inherited from ancestors that lived in hypoxic environments. We tested this hypothesis by designing split-brood experiments with three other representative species from the same species flock: the insectivorous Haplochromis thereuterion, the mollusk-shelling Platytaeniodus degeni and the zooplanktivorous Haplochromis piceatus, while keeping H. ishmaeli as a reference. Split broods were raised, under either normoxia or hypoxia. All hypoxia-raised (HR) individuals of each of the four species exhibited a distinctly different isoHb pattern compared with their normoxia-raised (NR) siblings. The hemoglobin of HR H. thereuterion showed higher O2 affinity compared with NR siblings particularly in the presence of ATP and GTP, indicating that blood of HR juveniles has significantly improved O2-binding affinity under hypoxic conditions. We also tested the capacity to acclimate at greater age in two species by reversing the O2 condition after 7 (H. thereuterion) and 4 (H. ishmaeli) months. After reacclimation for 1 and 2 months, respectively, we found incomplete reversal with intermediate isoHb patterns. As three of the four species do not encounter hypoxic conditions in their environment, this unique trait seems to be a relic inherited from predecessors that lived in hypoxic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido van den Thillart
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Inger Wilms
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Maaike Nieveen
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Roy E Weber
- Zoophysiology, Department of Biological Sciences, Aarhus University, C. F. Møllers Allé 1131, DK 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Frans Witte
- Institute of Biology Leiden, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University, Sylviusweg 72, 2333 BE Leiden, The Netherlands
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Hahnova K, Brabcova I, Neckar J, Weissova R, Svatonova A, Novakova O, Zurmanova J, Kalous M, Silhavy J, Pravenec M, Kolar F, Novotny J. β-Adrenergic signaling, monoamine oxidase A and antioxidant defence in the myocardium of SHR and SHR-mtBN conplastic rat strains: the effect of chronic hypoxia. J Physiol Sci 2018; 68:441-454. [PMID: 28567570 PMCID: PMC10717553 DOI: 10.1007/s12576-017-0546-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The β-adrenergic signaling pathways and antioxidant defence mechanisms play important roles in maintaining proper heart function. Here, we examined the effect of chronic normobaric hypoxia (CNH, 10% O2, 3 weeks) on myocardial β-adrenergic signaling and selected components of the antioxidant system in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and in a conplastic SHR-mtBN strain characterized by the selective replacement of the mitochondrial genome of SHR with that of the more ischemia-resistant Brown Norway strain. Our investigations revealed some intriguing differences between the two strains at the level of β-adrenergic receptors (β-ARs), activity of adenylyl cyclase (AC) and monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), as well as distinct changes after CNH exposure. The β2-AR/β1-AR ratio was significantly higher in SHR-mtBN than in SHR, apparently due to increased expression of β2-ARs. Adaptation to hypoxia elevated β2-ARs in SHR and decreased the total number of β-ARs in SHR-mtBN. In parallel, the ability of isoprenaline to stimulate AC activity was found to be higher in SHR-mtBN than that in SHR. Interestingly, the activity of MAO-A was notably lower in SHR-mtBN than in SHR, and it was markedly elevated in both strains after exposure to hypoxia. In addition to that, CNH markedly enhanced the expression of catalase and aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 in both strains, and decreased the expression of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase in SHR. Adaptation to CNH intensified oxidative stress to a similar extent in both strains and elevated the IL-10/TNF-α ratio in SHR-mtBN only. These data indicate that alterations in the mitochondrial genome can result in peculiar changes in myocardial β-adrenergic signaling, MAO-A activity and antioxidant defence and may, thus, affect the adaptive responses to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klara Hahnova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Iveta Brabcova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neckar
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Romana Weissova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Anna Svatonova
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Olga Novakova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jitka Zurmanova
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kalous
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Silhavy
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Pravenec
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Frantisek Kolar
- Institute of Physiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Novotny
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
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Rossidis AC, Baumgarten HD, Lawrence KM, McGovern PE, Mejaddam AY, Li H, Hwang G, Young K, Peranteau WH, Davey MG, Gaynor JW, Flake AW. Chronically Hypoxic Fetal Lambs Supported by an Extra-Uterine Device Exhibit Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Elevations of Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1-Alpha. Fetal Diagn Ther 2018; 45:176-183. [PMID: 29953976 DOI: 10.1159/000488283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have recently developed an extra-uterine environment for neonatal development (EXTEND) capable of supporting premature fetal lambs and have been able to replicate hypoxic in utero conditions by controlling fetal oxygen delivery. In this study, we investigated the fetal mitochondrial response to hypoxia. METHODS Eight premature fetal lambs were delivered via hysterotomy and transitioned to extra-uterine support for 3 weeks. The lambs were divided into 2 groups: normoxic fetuses which maintained physiologic oxygen delivery and hypoxic fetuses in which oxygen delivery was significantly reduced. Control fetuses were delivered via hysterotomy but not cannulated. Measurements of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were performed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. RESULTS There were no significant differences in MMP between normoxic EXTEND fetuses and controls. Hypoxic fetuses had significantly more depolarized mitochondria compared to normoxic fetuses overall, and these changes were specifically appreciated in weeks 1 and 2, but not by week 3. Hypoxic fetuses had significantly elevated levels of HIF-1α compared to normoxic fetuses in the first 2 weeks. DISCUSSION Normoxic fetal lambs supported by EXTEND demonstrate normal mitochondrial function as evidenced by equivalent membrane potentials compared to control fetuses. Hypoxic fetuses exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction, though they do show evidence of adaptation after 3 weeks of hypoxic exposure.
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Tolcos M, McDougall A, Shields A, Chung Y, O'Dowd R, Turnley A, Wallace M, Rees S. Intrauterine Growth Restriction Affects Cerebellar Granule Cells in the Developing Guinea Pig Brain. Dev Neurosci 2018; 40:162-174. [PMID: 29763885 DOI: 10.1159/000487797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) can lead to adverse neurodevelopmental sequelae in postnatal life. However, the effects of IUGR on the cerebellum are still to be fully elucidated. A major determinant of growth and development of the cerebellum is proliferation and subsequent migration of cerebellar granule cells. Our objective was to determine whether IUGR, induced by chronic placental insufficiency (CPI) in guinea pigs, results in abnormal cerebellar development due to deficits suggestive of impaired granule cell proliferation and/or migration. CPI was induced by unilateral ligation of the uterine artery at mid-gestation, producing growth-restricted (GR) foetuses at 52 and 60 days of gestation (dg), and neonates at 1 week postnatal age (term approx. 67 dg). Controls were from sham-operated animals. In GR foetuses compared with controls at 52 dg, the external granular layer (EGL) width and internal granular layer (IGL) area were similar. In GR foetuses compared with controls at 60 dg: (a) the EGL width was greater (p < 0.005); (b) the IGL area was smaller (p < 0.005); (c) the density of Ki67-negative (postmitotic) granule cells in the EGL was greater (p < 0.01); (d) the somal area of Purkinje cells was reduced (p < 0.005), and (e) the linear density of Bergmann glia was similar. The EGL width in GR foetuses at 60 dg was comparable to that of 52 dg control and GR foetuses. The pattern of p27-immunoreactivity in the EGL was the inverse of Ki67-immunoreactivity at both foetal ages; there was no difference between control and GR foetuses at either age in the width of p27-immunoreactivity, or in the percentage of the EGL width that it occupied. In the molecular layer of GR neonates compared with controls there was an increase in the areal density of granule cells (p < 0.05) and in the percentage of migrating to total number of granule cells (p < 0.01) at 1 week but not at 60 dg (p > 0.05). Thus, we found no specific evidence that IUGR affects granule cell proliferation, but it alters the normal program of migration to the IGL and, in addition, the development of Purkinje cells. Such alterations will likely affect the development of appropriate circuitry and have implications for cerebellar function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Tolcos
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annie McDougall
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amy Shields
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yoonyoung Chung
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rachael O'Dowd
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ann Turnley
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Wallace
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandra Rees
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Yang Z, Shi X, Li C, Wang X, Hou K, Li Z, Zhang X, Fan Y, Qu X, Che X, Liu Y. Long non-coding RNA UCA1 upregulation promotes the migration of hypoxia-resistant gastric cancer cells through the miR-7-5p/EGFR axis. Exp Cell Res 2018; 368:194-201. [PMID: 29723509 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2018.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/28/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
A variety of solid tumors are surrounded by a hypoxic microenvironment, which is known to be associated with high metastatic capability and resistance to various clinical therapies, contributing to a poor survival rate for cancer patients. Although the majority of previous studies on tumor-associated hypoxia have focused on acute hypoxia, chronic hypoxia more closely mimics the actual hypoxic microenvironment of a tumor. In this study, two novel hypoxia-resistant gastric cancer (HRGC) cell lines which could grow normally in 2% oxygen were established. The long non-coding RNA UCA1 was upregulated in HRGC cells, which promoted their migration. Bioinformatics analysis and a luciferase reporter assay showed that miR-7-5p could bind to specific sites of UCA1 to regulate the target EGFR through competitive endogenous RNA function. UCA1 directly interacted with miR-7-5p and decreased the binding of miR-7-5p to the EGFR 3'-untranslated region, which suppressed the degradation of EGFR mRNA by miR-7-5p. Therefore, long-term hypoxia induced UCA1 to promote cell migration by enhancing the expression of EGFR. This study thus reveals a new mechanism by which a hypoxic microenvironment promotes tumor metastasis, and highlights UCA1 as a potential biomarker for predicting the metastasis of gastric cancer to guide clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zichang Yang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaonan Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ce Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Kezuo Hou
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhi Li
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaojie Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yibo Fan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiujuan Qu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaofang Che
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yunpeng Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drugs and Biotherapy of Liaoning Province, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Yang Y, Kimura-Ohba S, Thompson JF, Salayandia VM, Cossé M, Raz L, Jalal FY, Rosenberg GA. Vascular tight junction disruption and angiogenesis in spontaneously hypertensive rat with neuroinflammatory white matter injury. Neurobiol Dis 2018; 114:95-110. [PMID: 29486300 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2018.02.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular cognitive impairment is a major cause of dementia caused by chronic hypoxia, producing progressive damage to white matter (WM) secondary to blood-brain barrier (BBB) opening and vascular dysfunction. Tight junction proteins (TJPs), which maintain BBB integrity, are lost in acute ischemia. Although angiogenesis is critical for neurovascular remodeling, less is known about its role in chronic hypoxia. To study the impact of TJP degradation and angiogenesis during pathological progression of WM damage, we used the spontaneously hypertensive/stroke prone rats with unilateral carotid artery occlusion and Japanese permissive diet to model WM damage. MRI and IgG immunostaining showed regions with BBB damage, which corresponded with decreased endothelial TJPs, claudin-5, occludin, and ZO-1. Affected WM had increased expression of angiogenic factors, Ki67, NG2, VEGF-A, and MMP-3 in vascular endothelial cells and pericytes. To facilitate the study of angiogenesis, we treated rats with minocycline to block BBB disruption, reduce WM lesion size, and extend survival. Minocycline-treated rats showed increased VEGF-A protein, TJP formation, and oligodendrocyte proliferation. We propose that chronic hypoxia disrupts TJPs, increasing vascular permeability, and initiating angiogenesis in WM. Minocycline facilitated WM repair by reducing BBB damage and enhancing expression of TJPs and angiogenesis, ultimately preserving oligodendrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Memory and Aging Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Shihoko Kimura-Ohba
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Jeffrey F Thompson
- Memory and Aging Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Victor M Salayandia
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Melissa Cossé
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Limor Raz
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Fakhreya Y Jalal
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Gary A Rosenberg
- Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Memory and Aging Center, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA; Department of Neurosciences, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Vajnerova O, Kafka P, Kratzerova T, Chalupsky K, Hampl V. Pregestational diabetes increases fetoplacental vascular resistance in rats. Placenta 2018; 63:32-38. [PMID: 29486854 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetes is a well-known risk factor in pregnancy. Because maternal diabetes involves oxidative stress that is also induced by chronic hypoxia and can alter vascular function, we sought to determine the effects of chronic maternal hyperglycemia on the fetoplacental vasculature in rats and to compare it with the effects of chronic hypoxia. METHODS Diabetes was induced in female rats by a streptozotocin injection at a neonatal age. When these animals reached adulthood, their hyperglycemia was confirmed and they were inseminated. Half of them were exposed to hypoxia (10% O2) for the last week before the delivery. One day before the expected date of delivery, one of their placentae was isolated and perfused. RESULTS Fetoplacental vascular resistance was increased equally by experimental diabetes, chronic hypoxia, and their combination. Fetoplacental perfusion pressure-flow analysis suggested increased resistance in the small vessels in chronic hypoxia and in larger vessels in diabetes. Fetal plasma nitrotyrosine levels, measured as a marker of peroxynitrite (reaction product of superoxide and nitric oxide), mirrored the differences in fetoplacental resistance, suggesting a causative role. Fetoplacental vasoconstrictor reactivity to acute hypoxic stimuli was reduced similarly in all groups. Fasudil, a strong vasodilator agent, reduced fetoplacental vascular resistance similarly in all groups, suggesting that for the observed differences among the groups, the changes in vascular morphology were more important than variances in vascular tone. DISCUSSION Maternal diabetes increases fetoplacental vascular resistance to a similar extent as chronic hypoxia. These stimuli are not additive. Changes in vascular tone are not responsible for these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Vajnerova
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petr Kafka
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Kralovske Vinohrady University Hospital, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Kratzerova
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Chalupsky
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Vaclav Hampl
- Department of Physiology, Second Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
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