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Nehmi-Filho V, Santamarina AB, de Freitas JA, Trarbach EB, de Oliveira DR, Palace-Berl F, de Souza E, de Miranda DA, Escamilla-Garcia A, Otoch JP, Pessoa AFM. Novel nutraceutical supplements with yeast β-glucan, prebiotics, minerals, and Silybum marianum (silymarin) ameliorate obesity-related metabolic and clinical parameters: A double-blind randomized trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 13:1089938. [PMID: 36778595 PMCID: PMC9912840 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1089938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose It is known that obesity has a multifactorial etiology that involves genetic and environmental factors. The WHO estimates the worldwide prevalence of 1.9 billion overweight adults and more than 650 million people with obesity. These alarming data highlight the high and growing prevalence of obesity and represent a risk factor for the development and aggravation of other chronic diseases, such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is frequently considered the hepatic outcome of type 2 diabetes. The use of non-pharmacological therapies such as food supplements, nutraceuticals, and natural integrative therapies has grown as an alternative tool for obesity-related diseases compared to conventional medications. However, it is a still little explored research field and lacks scientific evidence of therapeutic effectiveness. Considering this, the aim is to evaluate whether a new nutraceutical supplement composition can improve and supply essential mineral nutrients, providing an improvement of obesity-related metabolic and endocrine parameters. Methods Sedentary volunteers (women and men) with body mass index (BMI) ≤34.9 kg/m2 were divided into two groups: Novel Nutraceutical Supplement_(S) (n = 30) and Novel Nutraceutical Supplement (n = 29), differing in the absence (S) or presence of silymarin, respectively. Volunteers were instructed to take two capsules in the morning and two capsules in the evening. No nutritional intervention was performed during the study period. The data (anthropometrics and anamneses) and harvest blood (biochemistry and hormonal exams) were collected at three different time points: baseline time [day 0 (T0)], day 90 (T90), and day 180 (T180) post-supplementation. Results In the anthropometric analysis, the waist circumference in middle abdomen (WC-mid) and waist circumference in iliac crest (WC-IC) were reduced. Also, the waist-to-height ratio (WHt R) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) seem to slightly decrease alongside the supplementation period with both nutraceutical supplements tested as well as transaminase enzyme ratio [aspartate aminotransferase (AST)/alanine aminotransferase (ALT) ratio (AAR)], a known as a biomarker of NAFLD, and endocrine hormones cortisol and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) at 90 and 180 days post-supplementation. Conclusions In a condition associated with sedentary and no nutritional intervention, the new nutraceutical supplement composition demonstrated the ability to be a strong and newfangled tool to improve important biomarkers associated with obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Nehmi-Filho
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Research and Development Efeom Nutrition S/A, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Jéssica Alves de Freitas
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Research and Development Efeom Nutrition S/A, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ericka Barbosa Trarbach
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Endocrinology (LIM25), Division of Endocrinology and Metabology, Clinics Hospital, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Daniela Rodrigues de Oliveira
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, United States
| | - Fanny Palace-Berl
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Araujo de Miranda
- Departament of Physiology, Escola Paulista de Medicina/Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Antonio Escamilla-Garcia
- University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - José Pinhata Otoch
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Research and Development Efeom Nutrition S/A, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- University Hospital of the University of São Paulo, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Flávia Marçal Pessoa
- Natural Products and Derivatives Laboratory (LIM-26), Department of Surgery, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Research and Development Efeom Nutrition S/A, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
- Natural Products Committee, Brazilian Academic Consortium for Integrative Health (CABSIN), São Paulo, Brazil
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Lin X, Ye M, Mo W, Zhao H. The effects of chronic hypoxia on the endocrine-related parameters in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Transl Res 2021; 13:3198-3205. [PMID: 34017489 PMCID: PMC8129330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the effects of chronic hypoxia on the endocrine-related parameters in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus. METHODS Sixty, 55-week-old, female SD rats were studied, among which 20 were randomly divided into a blank control group (the BCG), and 40 were intraperitoneally injected with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) for modeling and divided into a model control group (the MCG, n=20) and a hypoxic group (the HG, n=20). The BCG and the MCG were fed routinely under normoxia, while the HG was fed in the hypoxic environment of an OxyCycler Model A84XO hypoxic chamber. After 12 weeks of intervention, the body weights, the fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels, the fasting insulin (FINS) levels, the blood lipid metabolism levels, the bone densities, the fresh weights of the femurs, the biomechanical properties of the femurs, the inflammatory factor levels, the H&E staining of the liver tissue, and the oil red O staining were compared. RESULTS The increases in weight gain and the FBG and FINS levels in the HG were lower than the corresponding levels in the MCG and were higher than the levels in the BCG (P<0.05). The TC, TG, and LDL-C levels in the HG were lower than they were in the MCG and higher than they were in the BCG (P<0.05). The bone density and fresh weight of the femurs at 12 weeks after the intervention in the HG were higher than they were in the MCG and lower than they were in the BCG (P<0.05). The maximum stress, maximum load, fracture load, and elastic modulus in the HG were higher than they were in the MCG and lower than they were in the BCG (P<0.05). The TNF-α, IL-6, PAI-1, and CRP levels in the HG were lower than they were in the MCG and higher than they were in the BCG (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Chronic hypoxia can improve the endocrine parameters and insulin resistance, improve the insulin sensitivity and the femoral biomechanics, reduce the inflammatory factors levels, and improve the glucose and lipid metabolism levels and liver function in elderly rats with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWenling 317523, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Minjun Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWenling 317523, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wei Mo
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWenling 317523, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Zhao
- Department of Endocrinology, Taizhou Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western MedicineWenling 317523, Zhejiang Province, China
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Ritze Y, Kern W, Ebner EM, Jahn S, Benedict C, Hallschmid M. Metabolic and Cognitive Outcomes of Subchronic Once-Daily Intranasal Insulin Administration in Healthy Men. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:663. [PMID: 30524368 PMCID: PMC6262365 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin acts in the brain to limit food intake and improve memory function. We have previously shown that 8 weeks of intranasal insulin delivered in four daily doses of 40 IU decrease body weight and enhance word list recall. In the present study, we investigated the effect on body composition, endocrine parameters, and memory performance of 8 weeks of once-daily administration of 160 IU in healthy men. We assumed that intranasal insulin administered before nocturnal sleep, a period of relative metabolic inactivity that moreover benefits memory formation, would be superior to insulin delivery in the morning and placebo administration. After a 2-week baseline period, healthy male normal-weight subjects (mean age, 27.1 ± 0.9 years) received either placebo, 160 IU intranasal insulin in the morning, or 160 IU in the evening (n = 12 per group) for 8 consecutive weeks. Throughout the experiment, we measured body weight and body composition as well as circulating concentrations of glucose, insulin, adrenocorticotropin, cortisol, growth hormone, insulin-like growth-factor 1, adiponectin, and leptin. Declarative and procedural memory function was repeatedly assessed by means of, respectively, word list recall and word-stem priming. We found that neither morning nor evening insulin compared to placebo administration induced discernible changes in body weight and body composition. Delayed recall of words showed slight improvements by insulin administration in the evening, and serum cortisol concentrations were reduced after 2 weeks of insulin administration in the morning compared to the other groups. Results indicate that catabolic long-term effects of central nervous insulin delivery necessitate repetitive, presumably pre-meal delivery schedules. The observed memory improvements, although generally weaker than previously found effects, suggest that sleep after intranasal insulin administration may support its beneficial cognitive impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne Ritze
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Eva-Maria Ebner
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Serena Jahn
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | | | - Manfred Hallschmid
- Department of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases, Helmholtz Center Munich, University of Tübingen (IDM), Tübingen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Manfred Hallschmid
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