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Bladh O, Greilert-Norin N, Havervall S, Marking U, Aguilera K, Alm JJ, Blom K, Åberg M, Klingström J, Thålin C. Mucosal and Serum Antibodies 3 Weeks after Symptomatic BA.2.86 Infection. N Engl J Med 2023; 389:1626-1628. [PMID: 37888924 PMCID: PMC10755831 DOI: 10.1056/nejmc2310347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Kim Blom
- Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
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2
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Khani-Habibabadi F, O'Connor KC. Toddler's T cells are taught in muco-school. Sci Immunol 2023; 8:eadj9555. [PMID: 37540737 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.adj9555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident memory T cells accumulate in mucosal sites during infancy and then mature through childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khani-Habibabadi
- Departments of Immunobiology and Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Kevin C O'Connor
- Departments of Immunobiology and Neurology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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3
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Arciniega-Martínez IM, Reséndiz Albor AA, Cárdenas Jaramillo LM, Gutiérrez-Meza JM, Falfán-Valencia R, Mendoza Arroyo B, Yépez-Ortega M, Pacheco-Yépez J, Abarca-Rojano E. CD4 +/IL‑4 + lymphocytes of the lamina propria and substance P promote colonic protection during acute stress. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:63. [PMID: 34958108 PMCID: PMC8767552 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Life stress may influence symptom onset and severity in certain gastrointestinal disorders in association with a dysregulated intestinal barrier. It has been widely accepted that stress triggers the hypothalamus‑pituitary‑adrenal (HPA) axis, releasing corticosterone, which promotes intestinal permeability. In response, colonic inflammation alters mucosal immune homeostasis and destroys the colonic architecture, leading to severe intestinal diseases. Endogenous substance P (SP) does not inhibit the initial extent of the HPA axis response to restraint stress, but it reduces the duration of the stress, suggesting that SP plays an important role in the transition between acute and chronic stress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of two groups of mice exposed to stress, including acute and chronic stress. The corticosterone was evaluated by ELISA, colon samples were obtained to detected polymorphonuclear cells by hematoxylin and eosin staining, goblet and mast cells were identified by immunocytochemistry and cytokine‑producing CD4+ T cells were analyzed by flow cytometry assays, adhesion proteins in the colon epithelium by western blotting and serum SP levels by ELISA. The results demonstrated an increase in the number of polymorphonuclear, goblet and mast cells, a decrease in claudin‑1 expression and an elevation in E‑cadherin expression during acute stress. Increased E‑cadherin expression was also detected during chronic stress. Moreover, it was found that acute stress caused a shift towards a predominantly anti‑inflammatory immune response (T helper 2 cells), as shown by the increase in the percentage of CD4+/IL‑6+ and CD4+/IL4+ lymphocytes in the lamina propria and the increase in serum SP. In conclusion, this response promoted colonic protection during acute stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Maciel Arciniega-Martínez
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Aldo Arturo Reséndiz Albor
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Luz María Cárdenas Jaramillo
- Morphology Coordination, Department of Basic Disciplinary Training, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Juan Manuel Gutiérrez-Meza
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
- Morphology Coordination, Department of Basic Disciplinary Training, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Ramcés Falfán-Valencia
- HLA Laboratory, National Institute of Respiratory Diseases Ismael Cosío Villegas, 14080 Mexico City, México
| | - Belen Mendoza Arroyo
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Mariazell Yépez-Ortega
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Judith Pacheco-Yépez
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
| | - Edgar Abarca-Rojano
- Postgraduate Studies and Research Section, Superior School of Medicine, National Polytechnic Institute, 11340 Mexico City, México
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4
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Focosi D, Maggi F, Casadevall A. Mucosal Vaccines, Sterilizing Immunity, and the Future of SARS-CoV-2 Virulence. Viruses 2022; 14:187. [PMID: 35215783 PMCID: PMC8878800 DOI: 10.3390/v14020187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterilizing immunity after vaccination is desirable to prevent the spread of infection from vaccinees, which can be especially dangerous in hospital settings while managing frail patients. Sterilizing immunity requires neutralizing antibodies at the site of infection, which for respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 implies the occurrence of neutralizing IgA in mucosal secretions. Systemic vaccination by intramuscular delivery induces no or low-titer neutralizing IgA against vaccine antigens. Mucosal priming or boosting, is needed to provide sterilizing immunity. On the other side of the coin, sterilizing immunity, by zeroing interhuman transmission, could confine SARS-CoV-2 in animal reservoirs, preventing spontaneous attenuation of virulence in humans as presumably happened with the endemic coronaviruses. We review here the pros and cons of each vaccination strategy, the current mucosal SARS-CoV-2 vaccines under development, and their implications for public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Focosi
- North-Western Tuscany Blood Bank, Pisa University Hospital, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Maggi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health and School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
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5
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Moriarty RV, Golfinos AE, Gellerup DD, Schweigert H, Mathiaparanam J, Balgeman AJ, Weiler AM, Friedrich TC, Keele BF, Davenport MP, Venturi V, O’Connor SL. The mucosal barrier and anti-viral immune responses can eliminate portions of the viral population during transmission and early viral growth. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260010. [PMID: 34855793 PMCID: PMC8639003 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Little is known about how specific individual viral lineages replicating systemically during acute Human Immunodeficiency Virus or Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV/SIV) infection persist into chronic infection. In this study, we use molecularly barcoded SIV (SIVmac239M) to track distinct viral lineages for 12 weeks after intravenous (IV) or intrarectal (IR) challenge in macaques. Two Mafa-A1*063+ cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis, CM) were challenged IV, and two Mamu-A1*001+ rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta, RM) were challenged IR with 200,000 Infectious Units (IU) of SIVmac239M. We sequenced the molecular barcode of SIVmac239M from all animals over the 12 weeks of the study to characterize the diversity and persistence of virus lineages. During the first three weeks post-infection, we found ~70–560 times more unique viral lineages circulating in the animals challenged IV compared to those challenged IR, which is consistent with the hypothesis that the challenge route is the primary driver restricting the transmission of individual viral lineages. We also characterized the sequences of T cell epitopes targeted during acute SIV infection, and found that the emergence of escape variants in acutely targeted epitopes can occur on multiple virus templates simultaneously, but that elimination of some of these templates is likely a consequence of additional host factors. These data imply that virus lineages present during acute infection can still be eliminated from the systemic virus population even after initial selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan V. Moriarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Microbiology Doctoral Training Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Athena E. Golfinos
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Dane D. Gellerup
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Hannah Schweigert
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Jaffna Mathiaparanam
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Alexis J. Balgeman
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Andrea M. Weiler
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Thomas C. Friedrich
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Brandon F. Keele
- AIDS and Cancer Virus Program, Frederick National Laboratory, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Miles P. Davenport
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vanessa Venturi
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shelby L. O’Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Wisconsin National Primate Research Center, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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6
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Li X, Cao G, Yang H, Zhi D, Li L, Wang D, Liu M, Su H. S100A8 expression in oviduct mucosal epithelial cells is regulated by estrogen and affects mucosal immune homeostasis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260188. [PMID: 34793556 PMCID: PMC8601440 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation can cause oviduct mucosal damage and immune dysfunction, leading to infertility, early pregnancy loss, ectopic pregnancy, tumors, and a decrease in reproductive capacities in female animals. Estrogen can suppress immune responses in different tissues and oviducts, and regulate the oviduct immune balance; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. The objective of this study was to explore the mechanism of estrogen-regulated oviduct mucosal immunity and discover new estrogen targets for regulating oviduct mucosal immune homeostasis. Sheep oviduct epithelial cells (SOECs) were treated with 17-β estradiol (E2). Transcriptome sequencing and analysis showed differentially expressed S100 calcium-binding protein A (S100A) genes that may participate in the oviduct mucosa immunoregulation of estrogen. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry analysis showed that S100A8 expression changed dynamically in E2-treated SOECs and peaked after 7 h of treatment. Estrogen nuclear receptors and G protein-coupled membrane receptors promoted E2-dependent S100A8 upregulation. The S100A8 gene was disrupted using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 method. Levels of inflammatory factors interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-4 were significantly upregulated in S100A8-knockdown SOECs, whereas those of the anti-inflammatory factor IL-10 was downregulated. Following S100A8 knockdown in SOECs treated with E2 for 7 h, IL-10 levels increased significantly. Estrogen affected oviduct mucosa immune function and dynamically regulated S100A8 in SOECs. S100A8 knockdown caused an excessive immune response, indicating that S100A8 is beneficial for maintaining immune homeostasis in the oviduct mucosa. Moreover, estrogen can compensate for the effect of S100A8 knockdown by upregulating IL-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Guifang Cao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Hongxin Yang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
- Department of Basic Medicine, Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot, China
| | - Dafu Zhi
- Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lei Li
- Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot, China
| | - Daqing Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, China
| | - Moning Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hong Su
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Basic Veterinary Science, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, China
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7
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Kessie DK, Rudel T. Advanced human mucosal tissue models are needed to improve preclinical testing of vaccines. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001462. [PMID: 34767552 PMCID: PMC8612770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need for better models to improve preclinical testing of vaccines. This Perspective article argues that advanced mucosal human tissue models could present a solution to this pressing problem in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Komla Kessie
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Rudel
- Chair of Microbiology, Biocenter of the University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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8
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Rao Y, Zhong D, Qiu K, Cheng D, Li L, Zhang Y, Mao M, Pang W, Li D, Song Y, Li J, Dong Y, Zhang W, Yu H, Ren J, Zhao Y. Single-Cell Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Phagocytosis-Related Dual-Feature Cells in A Model of Acute Otitis Media in Rats. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760954. [PMID: 34759932 PMCID: PMC8572853 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The molecular mechanisms of acute otitis media (AOM) development, and the intercellular crosstalk within the multicellular ecosystem of AOM, are not clear. Methods We established a model of AOM in rats (with normal rats as controls) and undertook single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) for the middle-ear mucosa (MEM). Cell clustering and trajectory analyses were undertaken using Seurat and Monocle 2 packages in R software. Pathway analyses were done by gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Cell-cell interactions were inferred by CellChat. Cell scores were calculated to identify cells with dual-feature. Results A total of 7023 cells from three samples of inflamed MEM and 5258 cells from three samples of healthy MEM underwent scRNA-seq, which identified 20 cell clusters belonging to eight major cell types. After exposure to lipopolysaccharide, the MEM underwent significant conversion of cell types characterized by rapid infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils. M2 macrophages seemed to play a key part in inflammatory intercellular crosstalk, which facilitated the maintenance and proliferation of macrophages, cell chemotaxis, and regulation of the proinflammatory activities of cytokines. Three rare cell clusters with phagocytosis-related dual-feature were also identified. They coexisted with professional phagocytes in the MEM, and displayed distinct immunoregulatory functions by maintaining a normal immune microenvironment or influencing inflammation progression. Conclusions Macrophages might be the "master" initiators and regulators of the inflammatory response of the MEM to external stimuli. And their functions are fulfilled by a specific polarization status (M2) and sophisticated intercellular crosstalk via certain signaling pathways. Besides, the coexistence of professional phagocytes and non-professional phagocytes as well as their interplay in the MEM provides new clues for deciphering the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of AOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufang Rao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Dalin Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ke Qiu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Danni Cheng
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Li Li
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Research Core Facility of West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Minzi Mao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wendu Pang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Daibo Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao Song
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Junhong Li
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yijun Dong
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haopeng Yu
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianjun Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Zhao
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- West China Biomedical Big Data Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Medical Big Data Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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9
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Jones R, Manickam C, Ram DR, Kroll K, Hueber B, Woolley G, Shah SV, Smith S, Varner V, Reeves RK. Systemic and mucosal mobilization of granulocyte subsets during lentiviral infection. Immunology 2021; 164:348-357. [PMID: 34037988 PMCID: PMC8442246 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes mediate broad immunoprotection through phagocytosis, extracellular traps, release of cytotoxic granules, antibody effector functions and recruitment of other immune cells against pathogens. However, descriptions of granulocytes in HIV infection and mucosal tissues are limited. Our goal was to characterize granulocyte subsets in systemic, mucosal and lymphoid tissues during lentiviral infection using the rhesus macaque (RM) model. Mononuclear cells from jejunum, colon, cervix, vagina, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and whole blood from experimentally naïve and chronically SHIVsf162p3-infected RM were analysed by microscopy and polychromatic flow cytometry. Granulocytes were identified using phenotypes designed specifically for RM: eosinophils-CD45+ CD66+ CD49d+ ; neutrophils-CD45+ CD66+ CD14+ ; and basophils-CD45+ CD123+ FcRε+ . Nuclear visualization with DAPI staining and surface marker images by ImageStream (cytometry/microscopy) further confirmed granulocytic phenotypes. Flow cytometric data showed that all RM granulocytes expressed CD32 (FcRγII) but did not express CD16 (FcRγIII). Additionally, constitutive expression of CD64 (FcRγI) on neutrophils and FcRε on basophils indicates the differential expression of Fc receptors on granulocyte subsets. Granulocytic subsets in naïve whole blood ranged from 25·4% to 81·5% neutrophils, 0·59% to 13·3% eosinophils and 0·059% to 1·8% basophils. Interestingly, elevated frequencies of circulating neutrophils, colorectal neutrophils and colorectal eosinophils were all observed in chronic lentiviral disease. Conversely, circulating basophils, jejunal eosinophils, vaginal neutrophils and vaginal eosinophils of SHIVsf162p3-infected RM declined in frequency. Overall, our data suggest modulation of granulocytes in chronic lentiviral infection, most notably in the gastrointestinal mucosae where a significant inflammation and disruption occurs in lentivirus-induced disease. Furthermore, granulocytes may migrate to inflamed tissues during infection and could serve as targets of immunotherapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna Jones
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Daniel R. Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Brady Hueber
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Griffin Woolley
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Scott Smith
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Valerie Varner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems ImmunologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
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10
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Piano Mortari E, Russo C, Vinci MR, Terreri S, Fernandez Salinas A, Piccioni L, Alteri C, Colagrossi L, Coltella L, Ranno S, Linardos G, Agosta M, Albano C, Agrati C, Castilletti C, Meschi S, Romania P, Roscilli G, Pavoni E, Camisa V, Santoro A, Brugaletta R, Magnavita N, Ruggiero A, Cotugno N, Amodio D, Ciofi Degli Atti ML, Giorgio D, Russo N, Salvatori G, Corsetti T, Locatelli F, Perno CF, Zaffina S, Carsetti R. Highly Specific Memory B Cells Generation after the 2nd Dose of BNT162b2 Vaccine Compensate for the Decline of Serum Antibodies and Absence of Mucosal IgA. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102541. [PMID: 34685521 PMCID: PMC8533837 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Specific memory B cells and antibodies are a reliable read-out of vaccine efficacy. We analysed these biomarkers after one and two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine. The second dose significantly increases the level of highly specific memory B cells and antibodies. Two months after the second dose, specific antibody levels decline, but highly specific memory B cells continue to increase, thus predicting a sustained protection from COVID-19. We show that although mucosal IgA is not induced by the vaccination, memory B cells migrate in response to inflammation and secrete IgA at mucosal sites. We show that the first vaccine dose may lead to an insufficient number of highly specific memory B cells and low concentration of serum antibodies, thus leaving vaccinees without the immune robustness needed to ensure viral elimination and herd immunity. We also clarify that the reduction of serum antibodies does not diminish the force and duration of the immune protection induced by vaccination. The vaccine does not induce sterilizing immunity. Infection after vaccination may be caused by the lack of local preventive immunity because of the absence of mucosal IgA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Piano Mortari
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Cristina Russo
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Maria Rosaria Vinci
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Sara Terreri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Ane Fernandez Salinas
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Piccioni
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Claudia Alteri
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-Oncology, University of Milan, Via festa del Perdono, 7, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Luna Colagrossi
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Luana Coltella
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Stefania Ranno
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Giulia Linardos
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Marilena Agosta
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Christian Albano
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
| | - Chiara Agrati
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 2, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Concetta Castilletti
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 2, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Silvia Meschi
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani, IRCCS, Via Portuense, 2, 00146 Rome, Italy; (C.A.); (C.C.); (S.M.)
| | - Paolo Romania
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Viale dell’Università, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Roscilli
- Takis s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Emiliano Pavoni
- Takis s.r.l., Via di Castel Romano, 100, 00128 Rome, Italy; (G.R.); (E.P.)
| | - Vincenzo Camisa
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Annapaola Santoro
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Brugaletta
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Magnavita
- Section of Occupational Medicine and Labor Law, Post-Graduate School of Occupational Health, University Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Largo Francesco Vito, 1, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Woman, Child & Public Health, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Via della Pineta Sacchetti, 217, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Ruggiero
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (N.C.); (D.A.)
- Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Via San Francesco, 22, 37129 Verona, Italy
| | - Nicola Cotugno
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (N.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Donato Amodio
- Academic Department of Pediatrics (DPUO), Research Unit of Clinical Immunology and Vaccinology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy; (A.R.); (N.C.); (D.A.)
| | - Marta Luisa Ciofi Degli Atti
- Clinical Pathways and Epidemiology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Daniela Giorgio
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Human Milk Bank, Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.G.); (N.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Nicoletta Russo
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Human Milk Bank, Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.G.); (N.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Guglielmo Salvatori
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and Human Milk Bank, Department of Neonatology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCSS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (D.G.); (N.R.); (G.S.)
| | - Tiziana Corsetti
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy;
- Department of Pediatrics, Sapienza, University of Rome, Viale dell’Università, 37, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Carlo Federico Perno
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
| | - Salvatore Zaffina
- Occupational Medicine/Health Technology Assessment and Safety Research Unit, Clinical-Technological Innovations Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo, 15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (M.R.V.); (V.C.); (A.S.); (R.B.); (S.Z.)
- Health Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Carsetti
- Diagnostic Immunology Research Unit, Multimodal Medicine Research Area, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Viale di San Paolo,15, 00146 Rome, Italy; (E.P.M.); (S.T.); (A.F.S.); (C.A.); (C.A.); (P.R.); (C.F.P.)
- Microbiology and Diagnostic Immunology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital, IRCCS, Piazza Sant’Onofrio, 4, 00165 Rome, Italy; (C.R.); (L.P.); (L.C.); (L.C.); (S.R.); (G.L.); (M.A.)
- Correspondence:
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11
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Załęski A, Banasiuk M, Sokół-Łupińska K, Karolewska-Bochenek K, Banaszkiewicz A. Correlation of clinical symptoms, endoscopic features and density of oesophageal eosinophilia in children with newly-diagnosed eosinophilic esophagitis. Ann Agric Environ Med 2021; 28:404-408. [PMID: 34558261 DOI: 10.26444/aaem/127180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE Eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) is an inflammatory immune-mediated oesophageal disease of growing prevalence. The aim of this study is to characterise the clinical symptoms, endoscopic features and histological findings, as well as their possible correlations, in newly-diagnosed EoE paediatric patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS Between 2009-2018, the clinical records of patients diagnosed with EoE at the Paediatric Hospital in Warsaw, Poland, were retrospectively reviewed. Inclusion criteria were upper gastrointestinal tract symptoms in association with oesophageal mucosal biopsy specimens containing not less than 15 intraepithelial eosinophils per hpf. The prevalence and the possible correlations between symptoms, endoscopic features and the density of eosinophilic infiltration were analysed; the medical history of the comorbidities were also assessed. RESULTS The study included 47 children (median age 9.5 years). The most common clinical symptoms were abdominal pain (53%) and GERD-like symptoms (26%). The most common macroscopic changes were white plaques and exudates in 47% and furrows in 34%. A macroscopically normal oesophagus was observed in 28% of the children. The median number of eosinophils was estimated to be 45 eosinophils/hpf (IQR: 30-60), and no significant differences were found between the density of eosinophil infiltration and clinical symptoms or endoscopic features. Moreover, 70% of the children had a history of an allergy disease, older children (>3 years) tended to have pollen allergy more often than younger children (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS The density of oesophageal eosinophilia does not correlate with symptoms or endoscopic findings in children with newl-diagnosed EoE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Załęski
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tropical Diseases and Hepatology, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marcin Banasiuk
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Medical University, Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Stokes K, Nunes M, Trombley C, Flôres DEFL, Wu G, Taleb Z, Alkhateeb A, Banskota S, Harris C, Love OP, Khan WI, Rueda L, Hogenesch JB, Karpowicz P. The Circadian Clock Gene, Bmal1, Regulates Intestinal Stem Cell Signaling and Represses Tumor Initiation. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 12:1847-1872.e0. [PMID: 34534703 PMCID: PMC8591196 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Circadian rhythms are daily physiological oscillations driven by the circadian clock: a 24-hour transcriptional timekeeper that regulates hormones, inflammation, and metabolism. Circadian rhythms are known to be important for health, but whether their loss contributes to colorectal cancer is not known. We tested the nonredundant clock gene Bmal1 in intestinal homeostasis and tumorigenesis, using the Apcmin model of colorectal cancer. METHODS Bmal1 mutant, epithelium-conditional Bmal1 mutant, and photoperiod (day/night cycle) disrupted mice bearing the Apcmin allele were assessed for tumorigenesis. Tumors and normal nontransformed tissue were characterized. Intestinal organoids were assessed for circadian transcription rhythms by RNA sequencing, and in vivo and organoid assays were used to test Bmal1-dependent proliferation and self-renewal. RESULTS Loss of Bmal1 or circadian photoperiod increases tumor initiation. In the intestinal epithelium the clock regulates transcripts involved in regeneration and intestinal stem cell signaling. Tumors have no self-autonomous clock function and only weak clock function in vivo. Apcmin clock-disrupted tumors show high Yes-associated protein 1 (Hippo signaling) activity but show low Wnt (Wingless and Int-1) activity. Intestinal organoid assays show that loss of Bmal1 increases self-renewal in a Yes-associated protein 1-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Bmal1 regulates intestinal stem cell pathways, including Hippo signaling, and the loss of circadian rhythms potentiates tumor initiation. Transcript profiling: GEO accession number: GSE157357.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Stokes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Malika Nunes
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Danilo E F L Flôres
- Division of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Gang Wu
- Division of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Zainab Taleb
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Suhrid Banskota
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Chris Harris
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Oliver P Love
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - Waliul I Khan
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Luis Rueda
- School of Computer Science, Windsor, Ontario, Canada
| | - John B Hogenesch
- Division of Human Genetics and Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
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13
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Stappers MH, Nikolakopoulou C, Wiesner DL, Yuecel R, Klein BS, Willment JA, Brown GD. Characterization of antifungal C-type lectin receptor expression on murine epithelial and endothelial cells in mucosal tissues. Eur J Immunol 2021; 51:2341-2344. [PMID: 34114658 PMCID: PMC8593890 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Our data reveal that selection of enzymes for generating single cell suspensions from murine tissues influences detection of surface expression of antifungal CLRs. Using a method that most preserves receptor expression, we show that non-myeloid expression of antifungal CLRs is limited to MelLec on endothelial cells in murine mucosal tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark H.T. Stappers
- Aberdeen Fungal GroupInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Department of BiosciencesMedical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Christina Nikolakopoulou
- Aberdeen Fungal GroupInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Department of BiosciencesMedical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Darin L. Wiesner
- Department of PediatricsSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Raif Yuecel
- Iain Fraser Cytometry CentreInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Exeter Centre for Cytomics (EXCC)Department of BiosciencesCollege of Life and Environmental SciencesUniversity of ExeterExeterEX4 4QDUK
| | - Bruce S. Klein
- Department of PediatricsSchool of Medicine and Public HealthUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Janet A. Willment
- Aberdeen Fungal GroupInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Department of BiosciencesMedical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of ExeterExeterUK
| | - Gordon D. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal GroupInstitute of Medical SciencesUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
- Department of BiosciencesMedical Research Council Centre for Medical Mycology at the University of ExeterExeterUK
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14
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Khan A, Sayedahmed EE, Singh VK, Mishra A, Dorta-Estremera S, Nookala S, Canaday DH, Chen M, Wang J, Sastry KJ, Mittal SK, Jagannath C. A recombinant bovine adenoviral mucosal vaccine expressing mycobacterial antigen-85B generates robust protection against tuberculosis in mice. Cell Rep Med 2021; 2:100372. [PMID: 34467249 PMCID: PMC8385328 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although the BCG vaccine offers partial protection, tuberculosis remains a leading cause of infectious disease death, killing ∼1.5 million people annually. We developed mucosal vaccines expressing the autophagy-inducing peptide C5 and mycobacterial Ag85B-p25 epitope using replication-defective human adenovirus (HAdv85C5) and bovine adenovirus (BAdv85C5) vectors. BAdv85C5-infected dendritic cells (DCs) expressed a robust transcriptome of genes regulating antigen processing compared to HAdv85C5-infected DCs. BAdv85C5-infected DCs showed enhanced galectin-3/8 and autophagy-dependent in vitro Ag85B-p25 epitope presentation to CD4 T cells. BCG-vaccinated mice were intranasally boosted using HAdv85C5 or BAdv85C5 followed by infection using aerosolized Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). BAdv85C5 protected mice against tuberculosis both as a booster after BCG vaccine (>1.4-log10 reduction in Mtb lung burden) and as a single intranasal dose (>0.5-log10 reduction). Protection was associated with robust CD4 and CD8 effector (TEM), central memory (TCM), and CD103+/CD69+ lung-resident memory (TRM) T cell expansion, revealing BAdv85C5 as a promising mucosal vaccine for tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Khan
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ekramy E. Sayedahmed
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Vipul K. Singh
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Abhishek Mishra
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - Sita Nookala
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David H. Canaday
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University and Cleveland Veterans Affairs, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin Wang
- Immunobiology and Transplant Science Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, and Department of Surgery, Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
| | - K. Jagannadha Sastry
- Department of Thoracic Head and Neck Medical Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Suresh K. Mittal
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology and Purdue Institute of Inflammation, Immunology, and Infectious Disease, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chinnaswamy Jagannath
- Department of Pathology and Genomic Medicine, Houston Methodist Academic Institute, Houston Methodist Research Institute & Weill Cornell Medical College, Houston, TX, USA
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15
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Xue T, Liu Y, Cao M, Zhang X, Fu Q, Yang N, Li C. Genome-wide identification of interleukin-17 (IL-17) / interleukin-17 receptor (IL- 17R) in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and expression pattern analysis after Vibrio anguillarum infection. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 121:104070. [PMID: 33757802 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin-17 (IL-17) is a cytokine secreted by a variety of immune cells that plays an important role in host defense against pathogens. IL-17 usually activates downstream immune signaling pathway by binding to heterodimeric or homodimeric complex formed by IL-17 receptors (IL-17R). Describing the characteristics, tissue distribution of IL-17 and IL-17 receptor family members and their expression after pathogen infection will provide a reference for host defense against disease of turbot. In this study, six IL-17 family members and nine IL-17 receptor family members were identified by analyzing the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) genome. Different from other vertebrates, most members of the IL-17 receptor family own two copies. Protein structure analysis showed that the six IL-17 family members contained typical "IL-17" domains, and the nine IL-17 receptor family members contained typical "SEFIR domain" or "IL17_R_N domain". Syntenic analysis revealed that all IL-17s and IL-17Rs were chromosomally conserved compared with other fish. The phylogenetic analysis further confirmed the evolutionary conservatism of different copies of IL-17C and IL-17Rs. Tissue distribution results showed that IL-17 and IL-17R genes were highly expressed in immune-related tissues. The expression of IL-17C and its receptor in the mucosal immune tissues after infection with V. anguillarum were analyzed subsequently, which were significantly increased in the skin. The results are consistent with previous studies showing that IL-17 and IL-17 receptor play an important role in promoting innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yiping Liu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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16
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Salinas I, Fernández-Montero Á, Ding Y, Sunyer JO. Mucosal immunoglobulins of teleost fish: A decade of advances. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 121:104079. [PMID: 33785432 PMCID: PMC8177558 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Immunoglobulins (Igs) are complex glycoproteins that play critical functions in innate and adaptive immunity of all jawed vertebrates. Given the unique characteristics of mucosal barriers, secretory Igs (sIgs) have specialized to maintain homeostasis and keep pathogens at bay at mucosal tissues from fish to mammals. In teleost fish, the three main IgH isotypes, IgM, IgD and IgT/Z can be found in different proportions at the mucosal secretions of the skin, gills, gut, nasal, buccal, and pharyngeal mucosae. Similar to the role of mammalian IgA, IgT plays a predominant role in fish mucosal immunity. Recent studies in IgT have illuminated the primordial role of sIgs in both microbiota homeostasis and pathogen control at mucosal sites. Ten years ago, IgT was discovered to be an immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunity. Aiming at this 10-year anniversary, the goal of this review is to summarize the current status of the field of fish Igs since that discovery, while identifying knowledge gaps and future avenues that will move the field forward in both basic and applied science areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Salinas
- Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology (CETI), Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA.
| | - Álvaro Fernández-Montero
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - J Oriol Sunyer
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
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17
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Habibi M, Azimi S, Khoobbakht D, Roghanian P, Asadi Karam MR. Immunization with recombinant protein Ag43::UpaH with alum and 1,25(OH)2D3 adjuvants significantly protects Balb/C mice against urinary tract infection caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli. Int Immunopharmacol 2021; 96:107638. [PMID: 33848909 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2021.107638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The majority of urinary tract infections (UTIs) are caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Designing a vaccine will certainly reduce the occurrence of infection and antibiotic resistance of the isolates. Antigen 43 (Ag43) and autotransporter H (UpaH) have been associated with the virulence of UPEC. In the present study, the efficacy of different formulations of a hybrid protein composed of Ag43 and UpaH with and without alum and 1,25(OH)2D3 (Vitamin D3) adjuvants were evaluated in mice model. A significant increase in IgG and cellular responses was developed against Ag43::UpaH as compared to the control mice. The addition of alum or a mixture of alum and Vitamin D3 to the protein significantly enhanced the serum IgG responses and tended to remain in a steady state until 6 months. In addition, the mentioned formulations produced significant amounts of IgG1, IL-4, and IL-17 as compared to the fusion protein alone. In addition to the mentioned formulations, the combination of protein with Vitamin D3 also resulted in significantly higher serum IgA and IFN-γ levels as compared to the fusion protein alone. Mice immunized with fusion plus alum and formulation protein admixed with both alum and Vitamin D3 significantly reduced the bacterial load in the bladders and kidneys of mice as compared to the control. In this study, for the first time, the ability of a novel hybrid protein in combination with adjuvants alum and Vitamin D3 was evaluated against UPEC. Our results indicated that fusion Ag43::UpaH admixed with alum and Vitamin D3 could be a promising candidate against UTIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehri Habibi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave, Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Saba Azimi
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave, Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Dorna Khoobbakht
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave, Tehran 13164, Iran
| | - Pooneh Roghanian
- Department of Molecular Biology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Pasteur Ave, Tehran 13164, Iran
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Vincent KL, Frost PA, Motamedi M, Dick EJ, Wei J, Yang J, White R, Gauduin MC. High-Resolution Quantitative Mapping of Macaque Cervicovaginal Epithelial Thickness: Implications for Mucosal Vaccine Delivery. Front Immunol 2021; 12:660524. [PMID: 34262561 PMCID: PMC8273733 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.660524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaginal mucosal surfaces naturally offer some protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs) including Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1, however topical preventative medications or vaccine designed to boost local immune responses can further enhance this protection. We previously developed a novel mucosal vaccine strategy using viral vectors integrated into mouse dermal epithelium to induce virus-specific humoral and cellular immune responses at the site of exposure. Since vaccine integration occurs at the site of cell replication (basal layer 100-400 micrometers below the surface), temporal epithelial thinning during vaccine application, confirmed with high resolution imaging, is desirable. In this study, strategies for vaginal mucosal thinning were evaluated noninvasively using optical coherence tomography (OCT) to map reproductive tract epithelial thickness (ET) in macaques to optimize basal layer access in preparation for future effective intravaginal mucosal vaccination studies. Twelve adolescent female rhesus macaques (5-7kg) were randomly assigned to interventions to induce vaginal mucosal thinning, including cytobrush mechanical abrasion, the chemical surfactant spermicide nonoxynol-9 (N9), the hormonal contraceptive depomedroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), or no intervention. Macaques were evaluated at baseline and after interventions using colposcopy, vaginal biopsies, and OCT imaging, which allowed for real-time in vivo visualization and measurement of ET of the mid-vagina, fornices, and cervix. P value ≤0.05 was considered significant. Colposcopy findings included pink, rugated tissue with variable degrees of white-tipped, thickened epithelium. Baseline ET of the fornices was thinner than the cervix and vagina (p<0.05), and mensing macaques had thinner ET at all sites (p<0.001). ET was decreased 1 month after DMPA (p<0.05) in all sites, immediately after mechanical abrasion (p<0.05) in the fornix and cervix, and after two doses of 4% N9 (1.25ml) applied over 14 hrs in the fornix only (p<0.001). Histological assessment of biopsied samples confirmed OCT findings. In summary, OCT imaging allowed for real time assessment of macaque vaginal ET. While varying degrees of thinning were observed after the interventions, limitations with each were noted. ET decreased naturally during menses, which may provide an ideal opportunity for accessing the targeted vaginal mucosal basal layers to achieve the optimum epithelial thickness for intravaginal mucosal vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen L. Vincent
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Patrice A. Frost
- Population Health Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Massoud Motamedi
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Edward J. Dick
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Jingna Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Jinping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - Robert White
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Marie-Claire Gauduin
- Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, United States
- Disease Intervention and Prevention Program, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, United States
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Nicolò S, Tanturli M, Mattiuz G, Antonelli A, Baccani I, Bonaiuto C, Baldi S, Nannini G, Menicatti M, Bartolucci G, Rossolini GM, Amedei A, Torcia MG. Vaginal Lactobacilli and Vaginal Dysbiosis-Associated Bacteria Differently Affect Cervical Epithelial and Immune Homeostasis and Anti-Viral Defenses. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126487. [PMID: 34204294 PMCID: PMC8234132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with High Risk-Human Papilloma Viruses (HR-HPVs) is a primary cause of cervical cancer worldwide. Vaginal-dysbiosis-associated bacteria were correlated with the persistence of HR-HPVs infection and with increased cancer risk. We obtained strains of the most represented bacterial species in vaginal microbiota and evaluated their effects on the survival of cervical epithelial cells and immune homeostasis. The contribution of each species to supporting the antiviral response was also studied. Epithelial cell viability was affected by culture supernatants of most vaginal-dysbiosis bacteria, whereas Lactobacillus gasseri or Lactobacillus jensenii resulted in the best stimulus to induce interferon-γ (IFN-γ) production by human mononuclear cells from peripheral blood (PBMCs). Although vaginal-dysbiosis-associated bacteria induced the IFN-γ production, they were also optimal stimuli to interleukin-17 (IL-17) production. A positive correlation between IL-17 and IFN-γ secretion was observed in cultures of PBMCs with all vaginal-dysbiosis-associated bacteria suggesting that the adaptive immune response induced by these strains is not dominated by TH1 differentiation with reduced availability of IFN-γ, cytokine most effective in supporting virus clearance. Based on these results, we suggest that a vaginal microbiota dominated by lactobacilli, especially by L. gasseri or L. jensenii, may be able to assist immune cells with clearing HPV infection, bypasses the viral escape and restores immune homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Nicolò
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Michele Tanturli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Giorgio Mattiuz
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Alberto Antonelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Ilaria Baccani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Chiara Bonaiuto
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Simone Baldi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Giulia Nannini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
| | - Marta Menicatti
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Gianluca Bartolucci
- Department of Neurosciences, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, University of Firenze, 50134 Firenze, Italy; (M.M.); (G.B.)
| | - Gian Maria Rossolini
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Clinical Microbiology and Virology Unit, Careggi University Hospital, 50139 Florence, Italy
| | - Amedeo Amedei
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.G.T.); Tel.: +39-0552758330 (A.A.); +39-0552758020 (M.G.T.)
| | - Maria Gabriella Torcia
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University of Firenze, 50134 Florence, Italy; (S.N.); (M.T.); (G.M.); (A.A.); (I.B.); (C.B.); (S.B.); (G.N.); (G.M.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.A.); (M.G.T.); Tel.: +39-0552758330 (A.A.); +39-0552758020 (M.G.T.)
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20
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Fu Q, Wei Z, Chen Y, Xie J, Zhang X, He T, Chen X. Development of monoclonal antibody against IgT of a perciform fish, large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and characterization of IgT + B cells. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 119:104027. [PMID: 33516899 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Teleost immunoglobulin T (IgT) is considered to be a primitive immunoglobulin class specialized in mucosal immunity. In the present study, a recombinant protein containing the CH2 region of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) IgT heavy chain was expressed, purified, and used as an immunogen to produce a monoclonal antibody (mAb) against large yellow croaker IgT. Western blotting results indicated that the obtained mouse anti-IgT mAb could specifically recognize a 45 kDa protein in the skin mucus of large yellow croaker, which was identified as the IgT heavy chain by mass spectrometric analysis. Immunofluorescence assay (IFA) analysis further demonstrated that this mouse anti-IgT mAb could recognize membrane-bound IgT (mIgT) molecules on large yellow croaker IgT+ leukocytes. This mAb also could be used for sorting of large yellow croaker IgT+ B cells by flow cytometry sorting technology. Then, flow cytometric immunofluorescence analysis (FCIA) results showed that the percentages of IgT+ B cells in skin, gills, gut, spleen, head kidney and peripheral blood lymphocytes were 27.553% ± 3.312%, 12.588% ± 3.538%, 12.355% ± 3.352%, 13.075 ± 2.258%, 5.552 ± 3.275%, and 2.600 ± 0.521%, respectively, indicating that mucosal tissues (skin, gills, and gut) contained a high ratio of IgT+ B cells. Accordingly, the high protein levels of IgT were also detected in these mucosal tissues, suggesting that IgT may play a role in mucosal immunity in large yellow croaker. Taken together, our data demonstrated that the mouse anti-IgT mAb developed in this study could be used for characterizing IgT+ B cells and studying the functions of IgT in large yellow croaker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuling Fu
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou, 350013, China
| | - Zuyun Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Yuhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jingguang Xie
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Tianliang He
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Xinhua Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, College of Life Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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21
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Zhao N, Jia L, He X, Zhang B. Proteomics of mucosal exosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis altered when infected by Vibrio harveyi. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 119:104045. [PMID: 33582105 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cargo of exosomes contains proteins with various functions, which might be promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. To explore the impact of the Vibrio harveyi pathogen on Cynoglossus semilaevis from a different perspective and develop promising biomarkers for infection, the exosomes from epidermal mucus of healthy controls(EC)and sick fish(ES)were extracted and identified, coupled with proteomic screening through iTRAQ followed with LC-MS/MS. 1531 credible proteins were obtained relating to structural, metabolic and immunological functions. 359 different expressed proteins (DEPs) (FC > 2 or FC < 0.5) were found, with 161 up-regulated and 198 down-regulated in ES. Based on the database of C. semilaevis on Uniprot, 71 proteins were characterized as concrete names, including 19 up-regulated proteins and 52 down-regulated proteins, and were selected as subjects for further studies. Ferritin, Toll-like receptor 5S protein and Calcium-transporting ATPase were upregulated, while Histone H2B and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A were downregulated, consistent with the expression levels of related mRNAs in skin tissue verified by qRT-PCR. The integrated analysis between miRomics and proteomics also provided possible regulatory relationships mediated by mucous exosomes during infection. The signature proteins in mucosal exosomes could make sense in the explanation of the infection defending mechanism and the development of biomarkers which can differentiate diseased and healthy C. semilaevis individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxu He
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China.
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22
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Taylor RA, Xiao S, Carias AM, McRaven MD, Thakkar DN, Araínga M, Allen EJ, Rogers KA, Kumarapperuma SC, Gong S, Fought AJ, Anderson MR, Thomas Y, Schneider JR, Goins B, Fox P, Villinger FJ, Ruprecht RM, Hope TJ. PET/CT targeted tissue sampling reveals virus specific dIgA can alter the distribution and localization of HIV after rectal exposure. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009632. [PMID: 34061907 PMCID: PMC8195437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines have not been successful in clinical trials. Dimeric IgA (dIgA) in the form of secretory IgA is the most abundant antibody class in mucosal tissues, making dIgA a prime candidate for potential HIV vaccines. We coupled Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging and fluorescent microscopy of 64Cu-labeled, photoactivatable-GFP HIV (PA-GFP-BaL) and fluorescently labeled dIgA to determine how dIgA antibodies influence virus interaction with mucosal barriers and viral penetration in colorectal tissue. Our results show that HIV virions rapidly disseminate throughout the colon two hours after exposure. The presence of dIgA resulted in an increase in virions and penetration depth in the transverse colon. Moreover, virions were found in the mesenteric lymph nodes two hours after viral exposure, and the presence of dIgA led to an increase in virions in mesenteric lymph nodes. Taken together, these technologies enable in vivo and in situ visualization of antibody-virus interactions and detailed investigations of early events in HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roslyn A. Taylor
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Sixia Xiao
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Ann M. Carias
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Michael D. McRaven
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Divya N. Thakkar
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Mariluz Araínga
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Edward J. Allen
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Kenneth A. Rogers
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Sidath C. Kumarapperuma
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Siqi Gong
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Angela J. Fought
- Department of Preventative Medicine, Division of Biostatistics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Meegan R. Anderson
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Yanique Thomas
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey R. Schneider
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Beth Goins
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Peter Fox
- Research Imaging Institute, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Francois J. Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Ruprecht
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, Louisiana, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
- Texas Biomedical Research Institute and Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, Texas, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Hope
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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23
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Feyaerts D, Joosten I, van der Molen RG. A pregnancy to remember: trained immunity of the uterine mucosae. Mucosal Immunol 2021; 14:539-541. [PMID: 33299087 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-020-00362-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dorien Feyaerts
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, 94121, USA
| | - Irma Joosten
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory for Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Qiao SW, Dahal-Koirala S, Eggesbø LM, Lundin KEA, Sollid LM. Frequency of Gluten-Reactive T Cells in Active Celiac Lesions Estimated by Direct Cell Cloning. Front Immunol 2021; 12:646163. [PMID: 33796112 PMCID: PMC8007869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.646163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation of the small intestine in celiac disease is driven by activation of CD4+ T cells that recognize gluten peptides presented by disease-associated HLA-DQ molecules. We have performed direct cell cloning of duodenal biopsies from five untreated and one refractory celiac disease patients, and three non-celiac disease control subjects in order to assess, in an unbiased fashion, the frequency of gluten-reactive T cells in the disease-affected tissue as well as the antigen fine specificity of the responding T cells. From the biopsies of active disease lesions of five patients, 19 T-cell clones were found to be gluten-reactive out of total 1,379 clones tested. This gave an average of 1.4% (range 0.7% - 1.9%) of gluten-reactive T cells in lamina propria of active celiac lesions. Interestingly, also the patient with refractory celiac disease had gluten-reactive T cell clones in the lamina propria (5/273; 1.8%). In comparison, we found no gluten-reactive T cells in any of the total 984 T-cell clones screened from biopsies from three disease control donors. Around two thirds of the gluten-reactive clones were reactive to a panel of peptides representing known gluten T-cell epitopes, of which two thirds were reactive to the immunodominant DQ2.5-glia-α1/DQ2.5-glia-α2 and DQ2.5-glia-ω1/DQ2.5-glia-ω2 epitopes. This study shows that gluten-reactive T cells in the inflamed duodenal tissue are prevalent in the active disease lesion, and that many of these T cells are reactive to T-cell epitopes that are not yet characterized. Knowledge of the prevalence and epitope specificity of gluten-specific T cells is a prerequisite for therapeutic efforts that target disease-specific T cells in celiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo-Wang Qiao
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Shiva Dahal-Koirala
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Linn M. Eggesbø
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Knut E. A. Lundin
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Gastroenterology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ludvig M. Sollid
- K.G. Jebsen Coeliac Disease Research Centre, Department of Immunology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Immunology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Song L, Gao C, Xue T, Yang N, Fu Q, Zhu Q, Ge X, Li C. Characterization and expression analysis of mitochondrial localization molecule: NOD-like receptor X1 (Nlrx1) in mucosal tissues of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) following bacterial challenge. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 116:103944. [PMID: 33248045 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The NOD-like receptor X1 (NLRX1) is a member of highly conserved nucleotide-binding domain (NBD)- and leucine-rich-repeat (LRR)-containing family (known as NLR), that localizes to the mitochondrial outer membrane and regulate the innate immunity by interacting with mitochondrial antiviral-signaling protein (MAVS). As one of cytoplasmic PRRs, NLRX1 plays key roles for pathogen recognition, autophagy and regulating of subsequent immune signaling pathways. In this study, we identified the nlrx1 in turbot as well as its expression profiles in mucosal surfaces following bacterial infection. In our results, the full-length nlrx1 transcript consists of an open reading frame (ORF) of 4,886 bp encoding the putative peptide of 966 amino acids. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the SmNlrx1 showed the closest relationship to Cynoglossus semilaevis. In addition, the Nlrx1 mRNA expression could be detected in all the examined tissues, with the most abundant expression level in head kidney, and the lowest expression level in liver. Moreover, Nlrx1 showed similar expression patterns following Vibrio anguillarum and Streptococcus iniae infection, that were both significantly up-regulated following challenge, especially post S. iniae challenge. Finally, fluorescence microscopy unveiled that the SmNlrx1 localized to mitochondria in HEK293T by N-terminal mitochondrial targeting sequence. Characterization of Nlrx1 might have an important implication in bioenergetic adaptation during metabolic stress, oncogenic transformation and innate immunity and will probably contribute to the development of novel intervention strategies for farming turbot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Song
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China; School of Life Science, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xuefeng Ge
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Chen Y, Yang H, Chen Y, Song M, Liu B, Song J, Liu X, Li H. Full-length transcriptome sequencing and identification of immune-related genes in the critically endangered Hucho bleekeri. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 116:103934. [PMID: 33242569 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Hucho bleekeri is a glacial relict and critically endangered fish restricted to the Yangtze River drainage in China. The lack of basic genomic information and immune characteristics will hinder the way toward protecting this species. In the present study, we conducted the first transcriptome analysis of H. bleekeri using the combination of SMRT and Illumina sequencing technology. Transcriptome sequencing generated a total of 93,330 non-redundant full-length unigenes with a mean length of 3072 bp. A total of 92,472 (99.08%) unigenes were annotated in at least one of the Nr protein, Swiss-Prot, KEGG, KOG, GO, Nt and Pfam databases. KEGG analysis showed that a total of 7240 unigenes belonging to 28 immune pathways were annotated to the immune system category. Meanwhile, differentially expressed genes between mucosa-associated tissues (skin, gill and hindgut) and systemic-immune tissues (spleen, head kidney and liver) were obtained. Importantly, genes participating in diverse immune signalling pathways and their expression profiles in H. bleekeri were discussed. In addition, a large number of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were obtained in the H. bleekeri transcriptome. The present study will provide basic genomic information for H. bleekeri and for further research on analysing the characteristics of both the innate and adaptive immune systems of this critically endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyu Chen
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Huanchao Yang
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Yanling Chen
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Mingjiang Song
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Ya'an Fishery Development Center, Ya'an, 625000, China
| | - Jingguo Song
- Sichuan Zumuzu River Basin Hydropower Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610094, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Sichuan Zumuzu River Basin Hydropower Development Co., Ltd, Chengdu, 610094, China
| | - Hua Li
- The Fishery Institute of the Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu, 611730, China.
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27
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Cervia C, Nilsson J, Zurbuchen Y, Valaperti A, Schreiner J, Wolfensberger A, Raeber ME, Adamo S, Weigang S, Emmenegger M, Hasler S, Bosshard PP, De Cecco E, Bächli E, Rudiger A, Stüssi-Helbling M, Huber LC, Zinkernagel AS, Schaer DJ, Aguzzi A, Kochs G, Held U, Probst-Müller E, Rampini SK, Boyman O. Systemic and mucosal antibody responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 during mild versus severe COVID-19. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:545-557.e9. [PMID: 33221383 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.21.108308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody tests are increasingly being used to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the determinants of these antibody responses remain unclear. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate systemic and mucosal antibody responses toward SARS-CoV-2 in mild versus severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. METHODS Using immunoassays specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, we determined SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in sera and mucosal fluids of 2 cohorts, including SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients (n = 64) and PCR-positive and PCR-negtive health care workers (n = 109). RESULTS SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgA titers in patients with mild COVID-19 were often transiently positive, whereas serum IgG titers remained negative or became positive 12 to 14 days after symptom onset. Conversely, patients with severe COVID-19 showed a highly significant increase of SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgA and IgG titers after symptom onset. Very high titers of SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgA were correlated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interestingly, some health care workers with negative SARS-CoV-2-specific serum antibody titers showed SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in mucosal fluids with virus-neutralizing capacity in some cases. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA titers in nasal fluids were inversely correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS Systemic antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 develops mainly in patients with severe COVID-19, with very high IgA titers seen in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, whereas mild disease may be associated with transient production of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies but may stimulate mucosal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Valaperti
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Schreiner
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Wolfensberger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Hasler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena De Cecco
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Bächli
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Uster Hospital, Uster, Switzerland
| | - Alain Rudiger
- Department of Medicine, Limmattal Hospital, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Lars C Huber
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik J Schaer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Held
- Department of Biostatistics, at Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Silvana K Rampini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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28
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Tian M, Xu D, Fu Q, Zhang L, Yang N, Xue T, Gao C, Zhu Q, Ren Y, Cao M, Tan F, Song L, Li C. Galectins in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.): Characterization and expression profiling in mucosal tissues. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 109:71-81. [PMID: 33316369 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Galectins, a family of evolutionary conserved β-galactoside-binding proteins, have been characterized in a wide range of species. Many reports have indicated vital roles of galectins in innate immunity, especially in the mucosal tissues against infection. However, the systematic identification of galectin gene family is still lacking in teleost. Here, we characterized the galectin gene family and investigated their expression profiles post bacterial challenge in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.). In this study, a total of 13 galectin genes were characterized in turbot, phylogenetic analyses revealed their strong relationships to half smooth tongue sole and puffer fish, and syntenic analyses confirmed the orthology suggested by the phylogenetic analysis. In addition, the copy number of galectin genes is similar across a broad spectrum of species from fish to amphibians, birds, and mammals, ranging from 8 to 16 genes. Furthermore, the galectin genes were widely expressed in all the examined turbot tissues, and most of the galectin genes were strongly expressed in mucosal tissues (skin, gill and intestine). Moreover, majority of the galectin genes were significantly regulated after Vibrio anguillarum infection in the intestine, gill and skin, suggesting that galectins were involved in the mucosal immune response to V. anguillarum infection in turbot. In addition, subcellular localization analysis showed lgals3a was distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus. However, the knowledge of galectins are still limited in teleost species, further studies should be carried out to better characterize its detailed roles in teleost mucosal immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Tian
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Dongxue Xu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ting Xue
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Chengbin Gao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qing Zhu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Yichao Ren
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Fenghua Tan
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Marine Science and Biological Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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29
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Cervia C, Nilsson J, Zurbuchen Y, Valaperti A, Schreiner J, Wolfensberger A, Raeber ME, Adamo S, Weigang S, Emmenegger M, Hasler S, Bosshard PP, De Cecco E, Bächli E, Rudiger A, Stüssi-Helbling M, Huber LC, Zinkernagel AS, Schaer DJ, Aguzzi A, Kochs G, Held U, Probst-Müller E, Rampini SK, Boyman O. Systemic and mucosal antibody responses specific to SARS-CoV-2 during mild versus severe COVID-19. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2021; 147:545-557.e9. [PMID: 33221383 PMCID: PMC7677074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2020.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 249] [Impact Index Per Article: 83.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whereas severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-specific antibody tests are increasingly being used to estimate the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 infection, the determinants of these antibody responses remain unclear. OBJECTIVES Our aim was to evaluate systemic and mucosal antibody responses toward SARS-CoV-2 in mild versus severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases. METHODS Using immunoassays specific for SARS-CoV-2 spike proteins, we determined SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA and IgG in sera and mucosal fluids of 2 cohorts, including SARS-CoV-2 PCR-positive patients (n = 64) and PCR-positive and PCR-negtive health care workers (n = 109). RESULTS SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgA titers in patients with mild COVID-19 were often transiently positive, whereas serum IgG titers remained negative or became positive 12 to 14 days after symptom onset. Conversely, patients with severe COVID-19 showed a highly significant increase of SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgA and IgG titers after symptom onset. Very high titers of SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgA were correlated with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. Interestingly, some health care workers with negative SARS-CoV-2-specific serum antibody titers showed SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA in mucosal fluids with virus-neutralizing capacity in some cases. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA titers in nasal fluids were inversely correlated with age. CONCLUSIONS Systemic antibody production against SARS-CoV-2 develops mainly in patients with severe COVID-19, with very high IgA titers seen in patients with severe acute respiratory distress syndrome, whereas mild disease may be associated with transient production of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies but may stimulate mucosal SARS-CoV-2-specific IgA secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Cervia
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jakob Nilsson
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yves Zurbuchen
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alan Valaperti
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jens Schreiner
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Aline Wolfensberger
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miro E Raeber
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sarah Adamo
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Weigang
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marc Emmenegger
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sara Hasler
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp P Bosshard
- Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Elena De Cecco
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Esther Bächli
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, Uster Hospital, Uster, Switzerland
| | - Alain Rudiger
- Department of Medicine, Limmattal Hospital, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Lars C Huber
- Clinic for Internal Medicine, City Hospital Triemli Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annelies S Zinkernagel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Dominik J Schaer
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adriano Aguzzi
- Institute of Neuropathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Kochs
- Institute of Virology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany; Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Held
- Department of Biostatistics, at Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Silvana K Rampini
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Onur Boyman
- Department of Immunology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Faculty of Medicine, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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30
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Djordjevic B, Morales-Lange B, McLean Press C, Olson J, Lagos L, Mercado L, Øverland M. Comparison of Circulating Markers and Mucosal Immune Parameters from Skin and Distal Intestine of Atlantic Salmon in Two Models of Acute Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031028. [PMID: 33494146 PMCID: PMC7864346 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Ensuring salmon health and welfare is crucial to maximize production in recirculation aquaculture systems. Healthy and robust mucosal surfaces of the skin and intestine are essential to achieve this goal because they are the first immunological defenses and are constantly exposed to multistressor conditions, such as infectious diseases, suboptimal nutrition, and environmental and handling stress. In this work, Atlantic salmon, split from a single cohort, were subjected to acute hypoxia stress or 15-min crowding stress and observed over a 24-h recovery period. Samples were collected from fish at 0, 1, 3, 6, 12 and 24 h post-stress to analyze plasma-circulating markers of endocrine function (cortisol), oxidative stress (glutathione peroxidase) and immune function (interleukin 10 (IL-10), annexin A1). In addition, mucosal barrier function parameters were measured in the skin mucus (Muc-like protein and lysozyme) and distal intestine (simple folds, goblet cell size and goblet cell area). The results showed that both acute stress models induced increases of circulating cortisol in plasma (1 h post-stress), which then returned to baseline values (initial control) at 24 h post-stress. Moreover, the hypoxia stress was mostly related to increased oxidative stress and IL-10 production, whereas the crowding stress was associated with a higher production of Muc-like protein and lysozyme in the skin mucus. Interestingly, in the distal intestine, smaller goblet cells were detected immediately and one hour after post-hypoxia stress, which could be related to rapid release of the cellular content to protect this organ. Finally, the correlation of different markers in the hypoxic stress model showed that the circulating levels of cortisol and IL-10 were directly proportional, while the availability of Muc-like proteins was inversely proportional to the size of the goblet cells. On the other hand, in the crowding stress model, a proportional relationship was established between plasma cortisol levels and skin mucus lysozyme. Our results suggest key differences in energy partitioning between the two acute stress models and support the need for further investigation into the interplay of multistressor conditions and strategies to modulate immunological aspects of mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brankica Djordjevic
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (L.L.); (M.Ø.)
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (B.M-L.)
| | - Byron Morales-Lange
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (L.L.); (M.Ø.)
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (B.M-L.)
| | - Charles McLean Press
- Department of Preclinical Sciences and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway;
| | - Jake Olson
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA;
| | - Leidy Lagos
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (L.L.); (M.Ø.)
| | - Luis Mercado
- Grupo de Marcadores Inmunológicos en Organismos Acuáticos, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso, 2950 Valparaíso, Chile;
| | - Margareth Øverland
- Department of Animal and Aquaculture Sciences, Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, 1430 Ås, Norway; (L.L.); (M.Ø.)
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Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract contains multiple types of immune cells that maintain the balance between tolerance and activation at the first line of host defense facing non-self antigens, including dietary antigens, commensal bacteria, and sometimes unexpected pathogens. The maintenance of homeostasis at the gastrointestinal tract requires stringent regulation of immune responses against various environmental conditions. Dietary components can be converted into gut metabolites with unique functional activities through host as well as microbial enzymatic activities. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that gastrointestinal metabolites have significant impacts on the regulation of intestinal immunity and are further integrated into the immune response of distal mucosal tissue. Metabolites, especially those derived from the microbiota, regulate immune cell functions in various ways, including the recognition and activation of cell surface receptors, the control of gene expression by epigenetic regulation, and the integration of cellular metabolism. These mucosal immune regulations are key to understanding the mechanisms underlying the development of gastrointestinal disorders. Here, we review recent advancements in our understanding of the role of gut metabolites in the regulation of gastrointestinal immunity, highlighting the cellular and molecular regulatory mechanisms by macronutrient-derived metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bon-Hee Gu
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
| | - Myunghoo Kim
- Life and Industry Convergence Research Institute, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea;
- Department of Animal Science, College of Natural Resources & Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang 50463, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (C.-H.Y.)
| | - Cheol-Heui Yun
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology and Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Center for Food and Bioconvergence, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- Institute of Green-Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang-gun, Gangwon-do 25354, Korea
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (C.-H.Y.)
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32
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Taggart-Murphy L, Alama-Bermejo G, Dolan B, Takizawa F, Bartholomew J. Differences in inflammatory responses of rainbow trout infected by two genotypes of the myxozoan parasite Ceratonova shasta. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103829. [PMID: 32846161 PMCID: PMC7655565 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 08/10/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Two genotypes of the intestinal parasite Ceratonova shasta infect Oncorhynchus mykiss: genotype 0 results in a chronic infection with low mortality while genotype IIR causes disease with high mortality. We determined parasite load and the relative expression of six immune factors (IgT, IgM, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IFNG) in fish infected with either genotype over 29 days post-exposure. In genotype IIR infections the host responded with upregulation of inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. In contrast, genotype 0 infection did not elicit an inflammatory response and expression of IFNG and IL-10 was lower. Antibody expression was upregulated in both infections but appeared to have limited efficacy in the virulent genotype IIR infections. Histologically, in genotype 0 infections the parasite migrated through the tissue layers causing inflammation but minimal damage to the mucosal epithelium, which contrasts with the severe pathology found in genotype IIR infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Taggart-Murphy
- Department of Microbiology, 226 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Gema Alama-Bermejo
- Department of Microbiology, 226 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA; Institute of Parasitology, Biology Center of the Czech Academy of Sciences, České Budějovice, 37005, Czech Republic
| | - Brian Dolan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, 106 Dryden Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Fumio Takizawa
- Faculty of Marine Science and Technology, Fukui Prefectural University, Obama, Fukui, Japan
| | - Jerri Bartholomew
- Department of Microbiology, 226 Nash Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.
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Batista VL, da Silva TF, de Jesus LCL, Tapia-Costa AP, Drumond MM, Azevedo V, Mancha-Agresti P. Lactic Acid Bacteria as Delivery Vehicle for Therapeutics Applications. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2183:447-459. [PMID: 32959259 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0795-4_24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria comprise a large group of Gram-positive organisms capable of converting sugar into lactic acid. They have been studied due to their therapeutic potential on the mucosal surface. Among the species, Lactococcus lactis is considered the model bacterium and it has been explored as an important vehicle for providing therapeutic molecules and antigens in the mucosa. They can be genetically engineered to produce a variety of molecules as well as deliver heterologous DNA and protein. DNA vaccines consist of the administration of a bacterial plasmid under the control of a eukaryotic promoter encoding the antigen of interest. The resulting proteins are capable of stimulating the immune system, becoming a promising technique for immunization against a variety of tumors and infection diseases and having several advantages compared to conventional nucleic acid delivery methods (such as bioballistic delivery, electroporation, and intramuscular administration).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviane Lima Batista
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Tales Fernando da Silva
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis Cláudio Lima de Jesus
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Tapia-Costa
- Biomedical Science Institute (ICBM), Catholic of Cuyo University, San Juan, CP, Argentina
| | - Mariana Martins Drumond
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Department of Biological Sciences, Federal Center for Technological Education of Minas Gerais (CEFET/MG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Vasco Azevedo
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pamela Mancha-Agresti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Genetics (LGCM), Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG), Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
- Biomedical Science Institute (ICBM), Catholic of Cuyo University, San Juan, CP, Argentina.
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34
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Anderson SM, Thurman AR, Chandra N, Jackson SS, Asin S, Rollenhagen C, Ghosh M, Daniels J, Vann NC, Clark MR, Doncel GF. Vitamin D Status Impacts Genital Mucosal Immunity and Markers of HIV-1 Susceptibility in Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12103176. [PMID: 33080839 PMCID: PMC7602985 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
While vitamin D insufficiency is known to impact a multitude of health outcomes, including HIV-1, little is known about the role of vitamin D-mediated immune regulation in the female reproductive tract (FRT). We performed a pilot clinical study of 20 women with circulating 25(OH)D levels <62.5 nmol/L. Participants were randomized into either weekly or daily high-dose oral vitamin D supplementation groups. In addition to serum vitamin D levels, genital mucosal endpoints, including soluble mediators, immune cell populations, gene expression, and ex vivo HIV-1 infection, were assessed. While systemic vitamin D levels showed a significant increase following supplementation, these changes translated into modest effects on the cervicovaginal factors studied. Paradoxically, post-supplementation vitamin D levels were decreased in cervicovaginal fluids. Given the strong correlation between vitamin D status and HIV-1 infection and the widespread nature of vitamin D deficiency, further understanding of the role of vitamin D immunoregulation in the female reproductive tract is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon M. Anderson
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (A.R.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.J.); (N.C.V.); (M.R.C.); (G.F.D.)
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA 22209, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Andrea R. Thurman
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (A.R.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.J.); (N.C.V.); (M.R.C.); (G.F.D.)
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA 22209, USA
| | - Neelima Chandra
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (A.R.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.J.); (N.C.V.); (M.R.C.); (G.F.D.)
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA 22209, USA
| | - Suzanne S. Jackson
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (A.R.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.J.); (N.C.V.); (M.R.C.); (G.F.D.)
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA 22209, USA
| | - Susana Asin
- V.A. Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA; (S.A.); (C.R.)
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Christiane Rollenhagen
- V.A. Medical Center, White River Junction, VT 05009, USA; (S.A.); (C.R.)
- Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Mimi Ghosh
- Milken Institute School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.G.); (J.D.)
| | - Jason Daniels
- Milken Institute School of Public Health and Health Services, George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA; (M.G.); (J.D.)
| | - Nikolas C. Vann
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (A.R.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.J.); (N.C.V.); (M.R.C.); (G.F.D.)
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA 22209, USA
| | - Meredith R. Clark
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (A.R.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.J.); (N.C.V.); (M.R.C.); (G.F.D.)
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA 22209, USA
| | - Gustavo F. Doncel
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; (A.R.T.); (N.C.); (S.S.J.); (N.C.V.); (M.R.C.); (G.F.D.)
- CONRAD, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Arlington, VA 22209, USA
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Abstract
Formyl peptide receptors (FPRs) belong to the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) family and are well known as chemotactic receptors and pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognize bacterial and mitochondria-derived formylated peptides. FPRs are also known to detect a wide range of ligands, including host-derived peptides and lipids. FPRs are highly expressed not only in phagocytes such as neutrophils, monocytes, and macrophages but also in nonhematopoietic cells such as epithelial cells and endothelial cells. Mucosal surfaces, including the gastrointestinal tract, the respiratory tract, the oral cavity, the eye, and the reproductive tract, separate the external environment from the host system. In mucosal surfaces, the interaction between the microbiota and host cells needs to be strictly regulated to maintain homeostasis. By sharing the same FPRs, immune cells and epithelial cells may coordinate pathophysiological responses to various stimuli, including microbial molecules derived from the normal flora. Accumulating evidence shows that FPRs play important roles in maintaining mucosal homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the roles of FPRs at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Sun Jeong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoe-Sik Bae
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea.
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Hunegnaw R, Helmold Hait S, Enyindah-Asonye G, Rahman MA, Ko EJ, Hogge CJ, Hoang T, Robert-Guroff M. A Mucosal Adenovirus Prime/Systemic Envelope Boost Vaccine Regimen Elicits Responses in Cervicovaginal and Alveolar Macrophages of Rhesus Macaques Associated With Delayed SIV Acquisition and B Cell Help. Front Immunol 2020; 11:571804. [PMID: 33117363 PMCID: PMC7561428 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.571804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccine strategies targeting the mucosal portal of entry may prevent HIV acquisition and systemic infection. Macrophages in cervicovaginal compartments are one of the first cell types to encounter virus upon vaginal exposure. Their activation can lead to recruitment of additional macrophages and CD4+ T-cells susceptible to viral infection. However, they are also critical in providing early protection against invading pathogens. Therefore, understanding their response to immunization is important for vaccine design. We immunized rhesus macaques twice mucosally with replicating adenovirus (Ad) SIV recombinants, followed by two intramuscular boosts with SIV gp120 protein. Macaques were subsequently challenged intravaginally with repeated low doses of SIVmac251. Using flow cytometry, we evaluated responses of cervicovaginal macrophages (CVM) and alveolar macrophages (AM) in bronchoalveolar lavage as initial immunization was to the upper respiratory tract. The frequency of CVM increased over the course of immunization; however, CCR5 expression significantly decreased. Significantly increased expression of the chemokines CCL3 (p < 0.01), CCL4, CCL5, and CXCL8 (p < 0.0001 for all) on CVM was seen post-1st Ad but their expression significantly decreased post-2nd boost. CD4+ T-cell frequency in the cervical mucosa remained unchanged. CVM FcγRIII expression was significantly increased at all time points post-immunization compared to naïve animals. FcγRIII expression post-2nd Ad positively correlated with the number of challenges needed for infection (r = 0.68; p = 0.0051). Vaccination increased AM FcγRIII expression which post-2nd boost correlated with antibody-dependent phagocytosis. Activation of AMs was evident by increased expression of CD40 and CD80 post-2nd Ad compared to naïve macaques. APRIL expression also significantly increased post-2nd Ad and correlated with B cell frequency in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) (r = 0.73; p = 0.0019) and total IgG in BAL-fluid (r = 0.53; p = 0.047). B cells cultured with SIV gp120-stimulated AM supernatant from vaccinated macaques exhibited significant increases in B cell activation markers CD38 and CD69 compared to B cells cultured alone or with AM supernatant from unvaccinated macaques. Overall, the vaccine regimen did not induce recruitment of susceptible cells to the vaginal mucosa but increased CVM FcγRIII expression which correlated with delayed SIV acquisition. Further, immunization induced expression of AM cytokines, including those associated with providing B cell help.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection Section, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Swarbrick GM, Gela A, Cansler ME, Null MD, Duncan RB, Nemes E, Shey M, Nsereko M, Mayanja-Kizza H, Kiguli S, Koh J, Hanekom WA, Hatherill M, Lancioni C, Lewinsohn DM, Scriba TJ, Lewinsohn DA. Postnatal Expansion, Maturation, and Functionality of MR1T Cells in Humans. Front Immunol 2020; 11:556695. [PMID: 33042140 PMCID: PMC7524872 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.556695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
MR1-restricted T (MR1T) cells are defined by their recognition of metabolite antigens presented by the monomorphic MHC class 1-related molecule, MR1, the most highly conserved MHC class I related molecule in mammalian species. Mucosal-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells are the predominant subset of MR1T cells expressing an invariant TCR α-chain, TRAV1-2. These cells comprise a T cell subset that recognizes and mediates host immune responses to a broad array of microbial pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we sought to characterize development of circulating human MR1T cells as defined by MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer labeling and of the TRAV1-2+ MAIT cells defined by expression of TRAV1-2 and high expression of CD26 and CD161 (TRAV1-2+CD161++CD26++ cells). We analyzed postnatal expansion, maturation, and functionality of peripheral blood MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+ MR1T cells in cohorts from three different geographic settings with different tuberculosis (TB) vaccination practices, levels of exposure to and infection with M. tuberculosis. Early after birth, frequencies of MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+ MR1T cells increased rapidly by several fold. This coincided with the transition from a predominantly CD4+ and TRAV1-2- population in neonates, to a predominantly TRAV1-2+CD161++CD26++ CD8+ population. We also observed that tetramer+ MR1T cells that expressed TNF upon mycobacterial stimulation were very low in neonates, but increased ~10-fold in the first year of life. These functional MR1T cells in all age groups were MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+TRAV1-2+ and highly expressed CD161 and CD26, markers that appeared to signal phenotypic and functional maturation of this cell subset. This age-associated maturation was also marked by the loss of naïve T cell markers on tetramer+ TRAV1-2+ MR1T cells more rapidly than tetramer+TRAV1-2- MR1T cells and non-MR1T cells. These data suggest that neonates have infrequent populations of MR1T cells with diverse phenotypic attributes; and that exposure to the environment rapidly and preferentially expands the MR1-5-OP-RU tetramer+TRAV1-2+ population of MR1T cells, which becomes the predominant population of functional MR1T cells early during childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwendolyn M. Swarbrick
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
- Portland Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Anele Gela
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Meghan E. Cansler
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Megan D. Null
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Rowan B. Duncan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Elisa Nemes
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Muki Shey
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Department of Medicine & Wellcome Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Africa (CIDRI-Africa), Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mary Nsereko
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Harriet Mayanja-Kizza
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Medicine, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Sarah Kiguli
- Uganda-CWRU Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
- Department of Paediatrics, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Jeffrey Koh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Willem A. Hanekom
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mark Hatherill
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Christina Lancioni
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - David M. Lewinsohn
- Portland Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Portland, OR, United States
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
| | - Thomas J. Scriba
- South African Tuberculosis Vaccine Initiative, Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine and Division of Immunology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Deborah A. Lewinsohn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States
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38
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Ceballos-Francisco D, Castillo Y, De La Rosa F, Vásquez W, Reyes-Santiago R, Cuello A, Cuesta A, Esteban MÁ. Bactericidal effect on skin mucosa of dietary guava (Psidium guajava L.) leaves in hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). J Ethnopharmacol 2020; 259:112838. [PMID: 32387463 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.112838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Due to the intensification practices in global aquaculture, fish are often confined in small volumes, which can results in outbreak diseases. In this context, the use of antibiotics is very usual. Thus, looking for natural substance able to reduce the use of the antibiotics is imperative. Among them, there is a great interest at present in the study of medicinal plants such as guava (Psidium guajava L.). These plants could help to develop a more sustainable aquaculture all over the world. The application of guava in traditional medicine dates for centuries and it is widely used in tropical countries for the treatment of diseases in human and animals. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose of this work was to study the effects of the dietary administration of dried leaves of Psidium guajava on the skin mucosal immunity of hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus × O. mossambicus). Furthermore, the ability of this plant to inhibit the bacterial load in different tissues after an experimental infection with Vibrio harveyi was studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS P. guajava leaves collection and the experimentation was carried out in Dominican Republic. Fish were fed with a commercial diet supplemented with guava leaf at different concentrations (0%, 1.5% and 3%) for 21 days before being intraperitoneally injected with V. harveyi (1 × 104 cells mL-1). Thereafter, several immune activities were measured in fish skin mucus and after 48 h of injection, the skin, spleen and liver were collected to analyse the bactericidal activity of guava leaf and the gene expression of some immune related genes. RESULTS The administration of P. guajava leaves significantly modulated some immune-related enzymes (protease, antiprotease and peroxidase) in the skin mucus of hybrid tilapia. In addition, the bacterial load after V. harveyi infection in skin, spleen and liver significantly reduced in fish supplemented with guava leaves. Finally, the expression profile of hepcidin gene in skin and liver was modulated in fish feed with control diet after V. harveyi infection. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that the dietary intake of guava leaves increases the skin mucosal barrier defences of hybrid tilapia and confers protection against V. harveyi colonization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Ceballos-Francisco
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Yussaira Castillo
- Institute of Microbiology and Parasitology, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo (IMPA-UASD), Alma Máter, Santo Domingo, 10103, Dominican Republic
| | - Francisco De La Rosa
- Veterinary Clinic, Acuario Nacional of Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo Este, 11603, Dominican Republic
| | - William Vásquez
- Veterinary Clinic, Acuario Nacional of Dominican Republic, Santo Domingo Este, 11603, Dominican Republic
| | - Raysa Reyes-Santiago
- Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Calle Rogelio Rosell 1, Engombe, Santo Domingo Oeste, 10904, Dominican Republic
| | - Andreina Cuello
- Faculty of Agronomic and Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Autónoma de Santo Domingo, Calle Rogelio Rosell 1, Engombe, Santo Domingo Oeste, 10904, Dominican Republic
| | - Alberto Cuesta
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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39
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Egesten A, Herwald H. A Leak in the Dike. J Innate Immun 2020; 12:355-356. [PMID: 32818941 DOI: 10.1159/000510316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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40
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Wu J, Hayes BW, Phoenix C, Macias GS, Miao Y, Choi HW, Hughes FM, Todd Purves J, Lee Reinhardt R, Abraham SN. A highly polarized T H2 bladder response to infection promotes epithelial repair at the expense of preventing new infections. Nat Immunol 2020; 21:671-683. [PMID: 32424366 PMCID: PMC7480508 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-020-0688-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) typically evoke prompt and vigorous innate bladder immune responses, including extensive exfoliation of the epithelium. To explain the basis for the extraordinarily high recurrence rates of UTIs, we examined adaptive immune responses in mouse bladders. We found that, following each bladder infection, a highly T helper type 2 (TH2)-skewed immune response directed at bladder re-epithelialization is observed, with limited capacity to clear infection. This response is initiated by a distinct subset of CD301b+OX40L+ dendritic cells, which migrate into the bladder epithelium after infection before trafficking to lymph nodes to preferentially activate TH2 cells. The bladder epithelial repair response is cumulative and aberrant as, after multiple infections, the epithelium was markedly thickened and bladder capacity was reduced relative to controls. Thus, recurrence of UTIs and associated bladder dysfunction are the outcome of the preferential focus of the adaptive immune response on epithelial repair at the expense of bacterial clearance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianxuan Wu
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Byron W Hayes
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Cassandra Phoenix
- Department of Science, North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics, Durham, NC, USA
| | | | - Yuxuan Miao
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
- Robin Chemers Neustein Laboratory of Mammalian Cell Biology and Development, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hae Woong Choi
- Department of Life Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Francis M Hughes
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - J Todd Purves
- Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - R Lee Reinhardt
- Department of Biomedical Research, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Soman N Abraham
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.
- Program in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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41
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Mohammadi G, Rafiee G, Abdelrahman HA. Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) in biofloc and stagnant-renewal culture systems on growth performance, mucosal parameters, and serum innate responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:1167-1181. [PMID: 32133574 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00777-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effects of dietary Lactobacillus plantarum (KC426951) on growth and innate responses of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus were evaluated in biofloc technology system and stagnant-renewal culture system (SRCS). The 90-day-long experiment contained four treatments: SRCS without probiotic (T1), SRCS with probiotic (T2), biofloc without probiotic (T3), and biofloc with probiotic (T4). The administration dose of probiotic was 2 × 108 CFU kg-1 diet. At the end of experiment, the mean final weights, specific growth rates, feed conversion ratios, and total biomass were significantly (P < 0.05) better in BFT treatments, with no significant effect of probiotic on these parameters in both culture systems. Meanwhile, skin mucosal parameters including total protein (TP), lysozyme (LYZ), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and protease (PRO) activity were significantly enhanced following probiotic supplementation. T4 treatment displayed a significantly higher LYZ and ALP activity in mucus versus other treatments. Also, serum alternative complement activity was significantly heightened in probiotic-supplemented fish. Superoxide dismutase activity in T4 was detected higher than that of SRCS groups. The results of the current study demonstrated the enhancement of some mucosal and serum innate responses of Nile tilapia in both culture systems upon L. plantarum (KC426951) supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghasem Mohammadi
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Gholamreza Rafiee
- Department of Fisheries Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Hisham A Abdelrahman
- Department of Veterinary Hygiene and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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42
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Taylor GA, Huang HI, Fee BE, Youssef N, Jewell ML, Cantillana V, Schoenborn AA, Rogala AR, Buckley AF, Feng CG, Vallance BA, Gulati AS, Hammer GE. Irgm1-deficiency leads to myeloid dysfunction in colon lamina propria and susceptibility to the intestinal pathogen Citrobacter rodentium. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008553. [PMID: 32453761 PMCID: PMC7274479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
IRGM and its mouse orthologue Irgm1 are dynamin-like proteins that regulate vesicular remodeling, intracellular microbial killing, and pathogen immunity. IRGM dysfunction is linked to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and while it is thought that defective intracellular killing of microbes underscores IBD susceptibility, studies have yet to address how IRGM/Irgm1 regulates immunity to microbes relevant to intestinal inflammation. Here we find that loss of Irgm1 confers marked susceptibility to Citrobacter rodentium, a noninvasive intestinal pathogen that models inflammatory responses to intestinal bacteria. Irgm1-deficient mice fail to control C. rodentium outgrowth in the intestine, leading to systemic pathogen spread and host mortality. Surprisingly, susceptibility due to loss of Irgm1 function was not linked to defective intracellular killing of C. rodentium or exaggerated inflammation, but was instead linked to failure to remodel specific colon lamina propria (C-LP) myeloid cells that expand in response to C. rodentium infection and are essential for C. rodentium immunity. Defective immune remodeling was most striking in C-LP monocytes, which were successfully recruited to the infected C-LP, but subsequently underwent apoptosis. Apoptotic susceptibility was induced by C. rodentium infection and was specific to this setting of pathogen infection, and was not apparent in other settings of intestinal inflammation. These studies reveal a novel role for Irgm1 in host defense and suggest that deficiencies in survival and remodeling of C-LP myeloid cells that control inflammatory intestinal bacteria may underpin IBD pathogenesis linked to IRGM dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory A. Taylor
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GAT); (GEH)
| | - Hsin-I Huang
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Brian E. Fee
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, VA Health Care Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nourhan Youssef
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Mark L. Jewell
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Viviana Cantillana
- Departments of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, and Center for the Study of Aging and Human Development, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alexi A. Schoenborn
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Allison R. Rogala
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Anne F. Buckley
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Carl G. Feng
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bruce A. Vallance
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, BC Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ajay S. Gulati
- Center for Gastrointestinal Biology and Disease, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Gastroenterology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Gianna E. Hammer
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Immunology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail: (GAT); (GEH)
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Dang M, Pittman K, Sonne C, Hansson S, Bach L, Søndergaard J, Stride M, Nowak B. Histological mucous cell quantification and mucosal mapping reveal different aspects of mucous cell responses in gills and skin of shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 100:334-344. [PMID: 32173449 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In teleosts, the mucosal epithelial barriers represent the first line of defence against environmental challenges such as pathogens and environmental contaminants. Mucous cells (MCs) are specialised cells providing this protection through mucus production. Therefore, a better understanding of various MC quantification methods is critical to interpret MC responses. Here, we compare histological (also called traditional) quantification of MCs with a novel mucosal mapping method to understand the differences between the two methods' assessment of MC responses to parasitic infections and pollution exposure in shorthorn sculpins (Myoxocephalus scorpius). Overall, both methods distinguished between the fish from stations with different levels of pollutants and detected the links between MC responses and parasitic infection. Traditional quantification showed relationship between MC size and body size of the fish whereas mucosal mapping detected a link between MC responses and Pb level in liver. While traditional method gave numerical density, mucosal mapping gave volumetric density of the mucous cells in the mucosa. Both methods differentiated MC population in skin from those in the gills, but only mucosal mapping pointed out the consistent differences between filament and lamellar MC populations within the gills. Given the importance of mucosal barriers in fish, a better understanding of various MC quantification methods and the linkages between MC responses, somatic health and environmental stressors is highly valuable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Dang
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia; Department of Bacteriology, Institute of Veterinary Research and Development of Central Vietnam, Km 4, 2/4 Street, Vinh Hoa, Nha Trang, Khanh Hoa, 57000, Viet Nam
| | - Karin Pittman
- Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 53, 5006, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian Sonne
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Henan Province Engineering Research Center for Biomass Value-added Products, School of Forestry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Sophia Hansson
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark; Ecolab, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, Avenue de l'Agrobipole, 31326, Castanet Tolosan, France
| | - Lis Bach
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Jens Søndergaard
- Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Megan Stride
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia
| | - Barbara Nowak
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, 7250, Australia; Aarhus University, Faculty of Science and Technology, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Frederiksborgvej 399, PO Box, 358, 4000, Roskilde, Denmark.
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Colombo G, Clemente N, Zito A, Bracci C, Colombo FS, Sangaletti S, Jachetti E, Ribaldone DG, Caviglia GP, Pastorelli L, De Andrea M, Naviglio S, Lucafò M, Stocco G, Grolla AA, Campolo M, Casili G, Cuzzocrea S, Esposito E, Malavasi F, Genazzani AA, Porta C, Travelli C. Neutralization of extracellular NAMPT (nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase) ameliorates experimental murine colitis. J Mol Med (Berl) 2020; 98:595-612. [PMID: 32338310 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-020-01892-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (eNAMPT) is increased in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients, and its serum levels correlate with a worse prognosis. In the present manuscript, we show that eNAMPT serum levels are increased in IBD patients that fail to respond to anti-TNFα therapy (infliximab or adalimumab) and that its levels drop in patients that are responsive to these therapies, with values comparable with healthy subjects. Furthermore, eNAMPT administration in dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS)-treated mice exacerbates the symptoms of colitis, suggesting a causative role of this protein in IBD. To determine the druggability of this cytokine, we developed a novel monoclonal antibody (C269) that neutralizes in vitro the cytokine-like action of eNAMPT and that reduces its serum levels in rodents. Of note, this newly generated antibody is able to significantly reduce acute and chronic colitis in both DNBS- and dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Importantly, C269 ameliorates the symptoms by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, in the lamina propria, a reduced number of inflammatory monocytes, neutrophils, Th1, and cytotoxic T lymphocytes are found upon C269 treatment. Our data demonstrate that eNAMPT participates in IBD and, more importantly, that eNAMPT-neutralizing antibodies are endowed with a therapeutic potential in IBD. KEY MESSAGES: What are the new findings? Higher serum eNAMPT levels in IBD patients might decrease response to anti-TNF therapy. The cytokine-like activity of eNAMPT may be neutralized with a monoclonal antibody. Neutralization of eNAMPT ameliorates acute and chronic experimental colitis. Neutralization of eNAMPT limits the expression of IBD inflammatory signature. Neutralization of eNAMPT impairs immune cell infiltration in lamina propria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgia Colombo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Nausicaa Clemente
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Zito
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy
| | - Cristiano Bracci
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy
| | - Federico Simone Colombo
- Flow Cytometry and Cell Sorting Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center - IRCCS, 20089, Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Sabina Sangaletti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Jachetti
- Molecular Immunology Unit, Department of Research, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gian Paolo Caviglia
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy
| | - Luca Pastorelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Marco De Andrea
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy
- Viral Pathogenesis Unit, Department of Public Health and Pediatric Sciences, Turin Medical School, 10126, Turin, Italy
| | - Samuele Naviglio
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Marianna Lucafò
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Gabriele Stocco
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Trieste, 34137, Trieste, Italy
| | - Ambra A Grolla
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Michela Campolo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina (ME), Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Giovanna Casili
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina (ME), Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cuzzocrea
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina (ME), Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Emanuela Esposito
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina (ME), Messina, ME, Italy
| | - Fabio Malavasi
- Lab of Immunogenetics, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, 10100, Turin, Italy
| | - Armando A Genazzani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Porta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, A. Avogadro, 28100, Novara, Italy.
- Center for Translational Research on Autoimmune & Allergic Diseases (CAAD), Università del Piemonte Orientale, 28100, Novara, Italy.
| | - Cristina Travelli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Università degli Studi di Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
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Kulappu Arachchige SN, Young ND, Shil PK, Legione AR, Kanci Condello A, Browning GF, Wawegama NK. Differential Response of the Chicken Trachea to Chronic Infection with Virulent Mycoplasma gallisepticum Strain Ap3AS and Vaxsafe MG (Strain ts-304): a Transcriptional Profile. Infect Immun 2020; 88:e00053-20. [PMID: 32122943 PMCID: PMC7171234 DOI: 10.1128/iai.00053-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycoplasma gallisepticum is the primary etiological agent of chronic respiratory disease in chickens. Live attenuated vaccines are most commonly used in the field to control the disease, but current vaccines have some limitations. Vaxsafe MG (strain ts-304) is a new vaccine candidate that is efficacious at a lower dose than the current commercial vaccine strain ts-11, from which it is derived. In this study, the transcriptional profiles of the trachea of unvaccinated chickens and chickens vaccinated with strain ts-304 were compared 2 weeks after challenge with M. gallisepticum strain Ap3AS during the chronic stage of infection. After challenge, genes, gene ontologies, pathways, and protein classes involved in inflammation, cytokine production and signaling, and cell proliferation were upregulated, while those involved in formation and motor movement of cilia, formation of intercellular junctional complexes, and formation of the cytoskeleton were downregulated in the unvaccinated birds compared to the vaccinated birds, reflecting immune dysregulation and the pathological changes induced in the trachea by infection with M. gallisepticum Vaccination appears to protect the structural and functional integrity of the tracheal mucosa 2 weeks after infection with M. gallisepticum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sathya N Kulappu Arachchige
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Neil D Young
- Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pollob K Shil
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alistair R Legione
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anna Kanci Condello
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glenn F Browning
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nadeeka K Wawegama
- Asia-Pacific Centre for Animal Health, Melbourne Veterinary School, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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46
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Martínez LE, Garcia G, Contreras D, Gong D, Sun R, Arumugaswami V. Zika Virus Mucosal Infection Provides Protective Immunity. J Virol 2020; 94:e00067-20. [PMID: 32051274 PMCID: PMC7163142 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00067-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a major human pathogen. ZIKV can replicate in female and male reproductive organs, thus facilitating the human-human transmission cycle. Viral shedding in the semen can increase the risk of ZIKV transmission through sexual mode. Therefore, the vaginal and anorectal mucosa are relevant sites for ZIKV infection. However, the pathobiology of ZIKV transmission through the rectal route is not well understood. Here, we utilize a mouse model system to investigate the immunopathological consequences following ZIKV infection of the rectal mucosa compared to a subcutaneous route of infection. We show that ZIKV-rectal inoculation results in viremia with subclinical infection. ZIKV infects the mucosal epithelium and submucosal dendritic cells, inducing immune and inflammatory cell infiltration. Rectal transmission of ZIKV resulted in the generation of serum-neutralizing antibody responses. Mass cytometry analyses of splenocytes showed a significantly reduced level of inflammatory monocyte and neutrophil cellular responses in the rectal route group. Furthermore, immunological priming through the rectal mucosa with an attenuated ZIKV strain resulted in significant protection from lethal subcutaneous ZIKV challenge, further eliciting robust memory CD4-positive (CD4+) and CD8+ T-cell and ZIKV-specific serum-neutralizing antibody responses. Thus, our study provides deeper immunopathobiological insights on rectal transmission and highlights a rational strategy for mucosal immunization. This model system recapitulates clinical aspects of human ZIKV disease outcome, where most infections are well controlled and result in subclinical and asymptomatic outcomes.IMPORTANCE Zika virus is a clinically significant human pathogen that is primarily transmitted and spread by Aedes species mosquitoes but is also sexually transmissible. The recent pandemic in the Americas led to an unprecedented increase of newborn babies with developmental brain and eye abnormalities. To date, there is no licensed vaccine or therapeutic intervention available for the fight against ZIKV. Understanding the sexual transmission of ZIKV through vaginal and rectal routes is necessary to restrict virus transmission and spread. This study examines the early immunological and pathological consequences of rectal and subcutaneous routes of ZIKV infection using a mouse model. We characterized the primary target cells of ZIKV infection and the subsequent mucosal immune responses to infection, and we demonstrate the protective effect of mucosal rectal immunization using an attenuated ZIKV strain. This mucosal vaccination approach can be further developed to prevent future ZIKV outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Martínez
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Gustavo Garcia
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Deisy Contreras
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Danyang Gong
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ren Sun
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
- Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Research, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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47
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review summarizes recent literature defining tissue-resident memory T cells (TRM) and discusses implications for HIV pathogenesis, vaccines, and eradication efforts. RECENT FINDINGS Investigations using animal models and human tissues have identified a TRM transcriptional profile and elucidated signals within the tissue microenvironment leading to TRM development and maintenance. TRM are major contributors to host response in infectious diseases and cancer; in addition, TRM contribute to pathogenic inflammation in a variety of settings. Although TRM are daunting to study in HIV infection, recent work has helped define their molecular signatures and effector functions and tested strategies for their mobilization. Exclusive reliance on blood sampling to gain an understanding of host immunity overlooks the contribution of TRM, which differ in significant ways from their counterparts in circulation. It is hoped that greater understanding of these cells will lead to novel approaches to prevent and/or eradicate HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara L Shacklett
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
| | - April L Ferre
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Brenna E Kiniry
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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48
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Lindsay KE, Vanover D, Thoresen M, King H, Xiao P, Badial P, Araínga M, Park SB, Tiwari PM, Peck HE, Blanchard EL, Feugang JM, Olivier AK, Zurla C, Villinger F, Woolums AR, Santangelo PJ. Aerosol Delivery of Synthetic mRNA to Vaginal Mucosa Leads to Durable Expression of Broadly Neutralizing Antibodies against HIV. Mol Ther 2020; 28:805-819. [PMID: 31995741 PMCID: PMC7054722 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a clear need for low-cost, self-applied, long-lasting approaches to prevent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in both men and women, even with the advent of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP). Broadly neutralizing antibodies represent an option to improve HIV prophylaxis, but intravenous delivery, cold-chain stability requirements, low cervicovaginal concentrations, and cost may preclude their use. Here, we present an approach to express the anti-GP120 broadly neutralizing antibody PGT121 in the primary site of inoculation, the female reproductive tract, using synthetic mRNA. Expression is achieved through aerosol delivery of unformulated mRNA in water. We demonstrated high levels of antibody expression for over 28 days with a single mRNA administration in the reproductive tract of sheep. In rhesus macaques, neutralizing antibody titers in secretions developed within 4 h and simian-HIV (SHIV) infection of ex vivo explants was prevented. Persistence of PGT121 in vaginal secretions and epithelium was achieved through the incorporation of a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor into the heavy chain of the antibody. Overall, we present a new paradigm to deliver neutralizing antibodies to the female reproductive tract for the prevention of HIV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin E Lindsay
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Daryll Vanover
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Merrilee Thoresen
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Heath King
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Peng Xiao
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70560, USA
| | - Peres Badial
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Mariluz Araínga
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70560, USA
| | - Seong Bin Park
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Pooja M Tiwari
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Hannah E Peck
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Emmeline L Blanchard
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Jean M Feugang
- Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Alicia K Olivier
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Chiara Zurla
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA
| | - Francois Villinger
- New Iberia Research Center, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, Lafayette, LA 70560, USA
| | - Amelia R Woolums
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Starkville, MS 39762, USA
| | - Philip J Santangelo
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.
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Gary EN, Kathuria N, Makurumidze G, Curatola A, Ramamurthi A, Bernui ME, Myles D, Yan J, Pankhong P, Muthumani K, Haddad E, Humeau L, Weiner DB, Kutzler MA. CCR10 expression is required for the adjuvant activity of the mucosal chemokine CCL28 when delivered in the context of an HIV-1 Env DNA vaccine. Vaccine 2020; 38:2626-2635. [PMID: 32057572 PMCID: PMC10681704 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Revised: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
An effective prophylactic vaccine targeting HIV must induce a robust humoral response and must direct the bulk of this response to the mucosa-the primary site of HIV transmission. The chemokine, CCL28, is secreted by epithelial cells at mucosal surfaces and recruits' cells expressing its receptor CCR10. CCR10 is predominantly expressed by IgA + ASCs. We hypothesized that co-immunization with plasmid DNA encoding consensus envelope antigens with plasmid-encoded CCL28 would enhance anti-HIV IgA responses at mucosal surfaces. Indeed, animals receiving pCCL28 and pEnvA/C had significantly increased HIV-specific IgA in fecal extract. Surprisingly, CCL28 co-immunization induced a significant increase in anti-HIV IgG in the serum in mice compared to those receiving pEnvA/C alone. These robust antibody responses were not associated with changes in the frequency of germinal center B cells but depended upon the expression of CCR10, as these responses we abolished in CCR10-deficient animals. Finally, immunization with CCL28 led to increased frequencies in HIV-specific CCR10 + and CCR10 + IgA + B cells in the small intestine and Peyer's patches of vaccinated animals as compared to those receiving pEnvA/C alone. These data indicate that CCL28 administration can enhance antigen-specific humoral responses systemically and at mucosal surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- E N Gary
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - N Kathuria
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - G Makurumidze
- The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A Curatola
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - A Ramamurthi
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M E Bernui
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - D Myles
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J Yan
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Blue Bell, PA, United States
| | - P Pankhong
- The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - K Muthumani
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - E Haddad
- The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - L Humeau
- Inovio Pharmaceuticals, Blue Bell, PA, United States
| | - D B Weiner
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M A Kutzler
- The Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States; The Department of Medicine, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
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50
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Kulkarni DH, Gustafsson JK, Knoop KA, McDonald KG, Bidani SS, Davis JE, Floyd AN, Hogan SP, Hsieh CS, Newberry RD. Goblet cell associated antigen passages support the induction and maintenance of oral tolerance. Mucosal Immunol 2020; 13:271-282. [PMID: 31819172 PMCID: PMC7044050 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-019-0240-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tolerance to innocuous antigens from the diet and the commensal microbiota is a fundamental process essential to health. Why tolerance is efficiently induced to substances arising from the hostile environment of the gut lumen is incompletely understood but may be related to how these antigens are encountered by the immune system. We observed that goblet cell associated antigen passages (GAPs), but not other pathways of luminal antigen capture, correlated with the acquisition of luminal substances by lamina propria (LP) antigen presenting cells (APCs) and with the sites of tolerance induction to luminal antigens. Strikingly this role extended beyond antigen delivery. The GAP function of goblet cells facilitated maintenance of pre-existing LP T regulatory cells (Tregs), imprinting LP-dendritic cells with tolerogenic properties, and facilitating LP macrophages to produce the immunomodulatory cytokine IL-10. Moreover, tolerance to dietary antigen was impaired in the absence of GAPs. Thus, by delivering luminal antigens, maintaining pre-existing LP Tregs, and imprinting tolerogenic properties on LP-APCs GAPs support tolerance to substances encountered in the hostile environment of the gut lumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devesha H Kulkarni
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jenny K Gustafsson
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathryn A Knoop
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Keely G McDonald
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Shay S Bidani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Jazmyne E Davis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexandria N Floyd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Simon P Hogan
- Mary H. Weiser Food Allergy Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Chyi-Song Hsieh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rodney D Newberry
- Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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