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Campos-Sánchez JC, Serna-Duque JA, Alburquerque C, Guardiola FA, Esteban MÁ. Participation of Hepcidins in the Inflammatory Response Triggered by λ-Carrageenin in Gilthead Seabream (Sparus aurata). Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2024; 26:261-275. [PMID: 38353762 PMCID: PMC11043163 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-024-10293-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The role of hepcidins, antimicrobial peptides involved in iron metabolism, immunity, and inflammation, is studied. First, gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata L.) head-kidney leucocytes (HKLs) were incubated with λ-carrageenin to study the expression of hepcidin and iron metabolism-related genes. While the expression of most of the genes studied was upregulated, the expression of ferroportin gene (slc40a) was downregulated. In the second part of the study, seabream specimens were injected intramuscularly with λ-carrageenin or buffer (control). The expression of the same genes was evaluated in the head kidney, liver, and skin at different time points after injection. The expression of Hamp1m, ferritin b, and ferroportin genes (hamp1, fthb, and slc40a) was upregulated in the head kidney of fish from the λ-carrageenin-injected group, while the expression of Hamp2C and Hamp2E genes (hamp2.3 and hamp2.7) was downregulated. In the liver, the expression of hamp1, ferritin a (ftha), slc40a, Hamp2J, and Hamp2D (hamp2.5/6) genes was downregulated in the λ-carrageenin-injected group. In the skin, the expression of hamp1 and (Hamp2A Hamp2C) hamp2.1/3/4 genes was upregulated in the λ-carrageenin-injected group. A bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict the presence of transcription factor binding sites in the promoter region of hepcidins. The primary sequence of hepcidin was conserved among the different mature peptides, although changes in specific amino acid residues were identified. These changes affected the charge, hydrophobicity, and probability of hepcidins being antimicrobial peptides. This study sheds light on the poorly understood roles of hepcidins in fish. The results provide insight into the regulatory mechanisms of inflammation in fish and could contribute to the development of new strategies for treat inflammation in farm animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Carlos Campos-Sánchez
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jhon A Serna-Duque
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Carmen Alburquerque
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco A Guardiola
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Ángeles Esteban
- Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus Regional de Excelencia Internacional "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100, Murcia, Spain.
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Xia N, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Su J. GCRV-II invades monocytes/macrophages and induces macrophage polarization and apoptosis in tissues to facilitate viral replication and dissemination. J Virol 2024; 98:e0146923. [PMID: 38345385 PMCID: PMC10949474 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01469-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV), particularly the highly prevalent type II GCRV (GCRV-II), causes huge losses in the aquaculture industry. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which GCRV-II invades grass carp and further disseminates among tissues. In the present study, monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mφs) were isolated from the peripheral blood of grass carp and infected with GCRV-II. The results of indirect immunofluorescent microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR), western blot (WB), and flow cytometry analysis collectively demonstrated that GCRV-II invaded Mo/Mφs and replicated in them. Additionally, we observed that GCRV-II induced different types (M1 and M2) of polarization of Mo/Mφs in multiple tissues, especially in the brain, head kidney, and intestine. To assess the impact of different types of polarization on GCRV-II replication, we recombinantly expressed and purified the intact cytokines CiIFN-γ2, CiIL-4/13A, and CiIL-4/13B and successfully induced M1 and M2 type polarization of macrophages using these cytokines through in vitro experiments. qRT-PCR, WB, and flow cytometry analyses showed that M2 macrophages had higher susceptibility to GCRV-II infection than other types of Mo/Mφs. In addition, we found GCRV-II induced apoptosis of Mo/Mφs to facilitate virus replication and dissemination and also detected the presence of GCRV-II virus in plasma. Collectively, our findings indicated that GCRV-II could invade immune cells Mo/Mφs and induce apoptosis and polarization of Mo/Mφs for efficient infection and dissemination, emphasizing the crucial role of Mo/Mφs as a vector for GCRV-II infection.IMPORTANCEType II grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a prevalent viral strain and causes huge losses in aquaculture. However, the related dissemination pathway and mechanism remain largely unclear. Here, our study focused on phagocytic immune cells, monocytes/macrophages (Mo/Mφs) in blood and tissues, and explored whether GCRV-II can invade Mo/Mφs and replicate and disseminate via Mo/Mφs with their differentiated type M1 and M2 macrophages. Our findings demonstrated that GCRV-II infected Mo/Mφs and replicated in them. Furthermore, GCRV-II infection induces an increased number of M1 and M2 macrophages in grass carp tissues and a higher viral load in M2 macrophages. Furthermore, GCRV-II induced Mo/Mφs apoptosis to release viruses, eventually infecting more cells. Our study identified Mo/Mφs as crucial components in the pathway of GCRV-II dissemination and provides a solid foundation for the development of treatment strategies for GCRV-II infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanqi Zhang
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianguo Su
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao Marine Science and Technology Center, Qingdao, China
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Wang P, Li Y, Sun Y, Xu T. EFHD2 cooperates with E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 to facilitate virus infection by promoting the degradation of TRAF6 in teleost fish. J Virol 2024; 98:e0117623. [PMID: 38054609 PMCID: PMC10805015 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01176-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is one of the most important protein stability regulation systems. It can precisely regulate host immune responses by targeting signaling proteins. TRAF6 is a crucial E3 ubiquitin ligase in host antiviral signaling pathway. Here, we discovered that EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 (EFHD2) collaborated with the E3 ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 to potentiate the degradation of TRAF6, hence facilitating RNA virus Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus infection. The mechanism analysis revealed that EFHD2 interacted with Smurf1 and enhanced its protein stability by impairing K48-linked polyubiquitination of Smurf1, thereby promoting Smurf1-catalyzed degradation of TRAF6. This study initially demonstrated a novel mechanism by which viruses utilize host EFHD2 to achieve immune escape and provided a new perspective on the exploration of mammalian innate immunity.IMPORTANCEViruses induce host cells to activate several antiviral signaling pathways. TNF receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) plays an essential role in these pathways. Numerous studies have been done on the mechanisms of TRAF6-mediated resistance to viral invasion. However, little is known about the strategies that viruses employ to antagonize TRAF6-mediated antiviral signaling pathway. Here, we discovered that EFHD2 functions as a host factor to promote viral replication. Mechanistically, EFHD2 potentiates Smurf1 to catalyze the ubiquitin-proteasomal degradation of TRAF6 by promoting the deubiquitination and stability of Smurf1, which in turn inhibits the production of proinflammatory cytokines and interferons. Our study also provides a new perspective on mammalian resistance to viral invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Li
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuena Sun
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- National Pathogen Collection Center for Aquatic Animals, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
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Adeshina I, Paray BA, Bhat EA, Ibrahim AD, Tiamiyu LO. Stimulatory effect of dietary alpha-lipoic acid on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes, immunity and protection of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), Edwardsiella tarda infection. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108:163-173. [PMID: 37609860 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Edwardsiella tarda is one of the most common causes of fish diseases that hinder aquaculture. Oxidative stress in farm animals can induce a number of pathological disorders, production and general animal welfare. The use of exogenous dietary nonenzymatic antioxidants such as alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) can stop a pro-oxidant state and thus appears to have the potential to modulate the immune system and protect fish from bacterial infection. Thus, this study investigates the stimulatory effect of dietary ALA on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, liver enzymes, immunity and protection of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (B.), against an infection with E. tarda. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets (400 g/kg of crude protein) containing ALA at doses of 0.0 (control), 500, 1000, 1500 or 2000 mg/kg diet were served to 300 juveniles of African catfish (mean weight = 8.2 ± 0.2 g) adequately thrice per day for 12 weeks. Thereafter, 0.1 mL of E. tarda (ATCC 15947; 1.0 × 108 CFU/mL) was intraperitoneally injected into 10 fish from each tank and was monitored for 14 days. The results showed that ALA-fortified diets significantly boosted the fish growth, feed consumption and utilization and feed conversion ratio but no did not affect fish survival rate. The highest final fish weight (g), weight growth (g) and weight gain (%) were all considerably higher in fish fed with ALA-fortified diets (p < 0.05), especially from 1000 to 200 mg/kg ALA than the control group. Also, an enhanced hemato-biochemical, antioxidant and immune indices were noticed in African catfish-fed ALA-enriched diets. In a dose-dependent order, the levels of haematological indices such Ht, Hb, RBCs, WBCs and platelets were markedly increased (p < 0.05). Additionally, fish fed with ALA-based diets showed substantial (p < 0.05) declines in aspartate and alanine aminotransferase values, with the lowest values being found in the 2000 mg/kg diet while control group had highest values. Further, African catfish fed the feed fortified with 2000 mg ALA/kg diet showed the highest levels of lysozyme, respiratory burst, proteases and esterase activities (p < 0.05). Following exposure of fish to E. tarda infection, a significant reduction in the mortality was obtained in African catfish fed with ALA-based diets, especially from 1500 to 2000 mg ALA/kg diet (3.3%); while fish fed with the control diet had highest mortality (86.7%). Therefore, diets supplemented with ALA evoked fish growth performance, antioxidants and nonspecific immunity of African catfish. Also, resistance of African catfish to E. Tarda infection were raised when fed ALA-fortified diets at optimum inclusion rate of 1300 mg ALA/kg diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Adeshina
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Bilal Ahamad Paray
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
- Centre de Biologie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Aishat D Ibrahim
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
| | - Lateef O Tiamiyu
- Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
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Wang L, Li Q, Wen X, Zhang X, Wang S, Qin Q. Dissecting the early and late endosomal pathways of Singapore grouper iridovirus by single-particle tracking in living cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128336. [PMID: 38013078 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Iridoviruses are large DNA viruses that infect a wide range of invertebrates and lower vertebrates, causing serious threats to ecological security and aquaculture industry worldwide. However, the mechanisms underlying intracellular transport of iridovirus remain unknown. In this study, the transport of Singapore grouper iridovirus (SGIV) in early endosomes (EEs) and late endosomes (LEs) was explored by single-particle tracking technology. SGIV employs EEs to move rapidly from the cell membrane to the nucleus, and this long-range transport is divided into "slow-fast-slow" stages. SGIV within LEs mainly underwent oscillatory movements near the nucleus. Furthermore, SGIV entered newly formed EEs and LEs, respectively, possibly based on the interaction between the viral major capsid protein and Rab5/Rab7. Importantly, interruption of EEs and LEs by the dominant negative mutants of Rab5 and Rab7 significantly inhibited the movement of SGIV, suggesting the important roles of Rab5 and Rab7 in virus transport. In addition, it seems that SGIV needs to enter clathrin-coated vesicles to move from actin to microtubules before EEs carry the virus moving along microtubules. Together, our results for the first time provide a model whereby iridovirus transport depending on EEs and LEs, helping to clarify the mechanism underlying iridovirus infection, and provide a convenient tactic to investigate the dynamic infection of large DNA virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqun Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Henry Fok School of Biology and Agriculture, Shaoguan University, Shaoguan 512005, China
| | - Qiang Li
- College of Oceanology and meteorology, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, China
| | - Xiaozhi Wen
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Shaowen Wang
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511464, China.
| | - Qiwei Qin
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangzhou 510642, China; Nansha-South China Agricultural University Fishery Research Institute, Guangzhou 511464, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory, Zhuhai 519082, China.
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Wang L, Song Y, Yan X, Xu T. A novel protein encoded by circVPS13D attenuates antiviral innate immunity by targeting MAVS in teleost fish. J Virol 2023; 97:e0088623. [PMID: 37843373 PMCID: PMC10688384 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00886-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The expression of circVPS13D was upregulated with SCRV invasion, which proved that circVPS13D was involved in the regulation of the antiviral immune response. Our study revealed that the existence of circVPS13D promoted the replication of SCRV. Functionally, circVPS13D negatively regulates the antiviral responses of fish. Mechanistically, we confirmed that circVPS13D inhibited RLRs antiviral signaling pathway via the encoded protein VPS13D-170aa by targeting MAVS. Our study provided novel insights into the roles of protein-coding circRNAs and supported VPS13D-170aa as a negative regulator in the antiviral immune responses of teleost fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linchao Wang
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanhong Song
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaolong Yan
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tianjun Xu
- Laboratory of Fish Molecular Immunology, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- Laboratory of Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Meng XY, Jiang QQ, Yu XD, Zhang QY, Ke F. Eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A) inhibits Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) infection through two distinct mechanisms. J Virol 2023; 97:e0122623. [PMID: 37861337 PMCID: PMC10688370 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01226-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Although a virus can regulate many cellular responses to facilitate its replication by interacting with host proteins, the host can also restrict virus infection through these interactions. In the present study, we showed that the host eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1 alpha (eEF1A), an essential protein in the translation machinery, interacted with two proteins of a fish rhabdovirus, Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV), and inhibited virus infection via two different mechanisms: (i) inhibiting the formation of crucial viral protein complexes required for virus transcription and replication and (ii) promoting the ubiquitin-proteasome degradation of viral protein. We also revealed the functional regions of eEF1A that are involved in the two processes. Such a host protein inhibiting a rhabdovirus infection in two ways is rarely reported. These findings provided new information for the interactions between host and fish rhabdovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yu Meng
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Qi Jiang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Xue-Dong Yu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi-Ya Zhang
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Ke
- Institute of Hydrobiology, College of Modern Agriculture Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Innovation Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Peng J, Li J, Liang J, Li W, Yang Y, Yang Y, Zhang S, Huang X, Han F. A C-type lectin-like receptor CD302 in yellow drum (Nibea albiflora) functioning in antibacterial activity and innate immune signaling. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125734. [PMID: 37423436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Molecular dissection of disease resistance against Vibrio harveyi infection in yellow drum at the genome-wide level uncovered a C-type lectin-like receptor cluster of differentiation CD302 (named as YdCD302) in our previous study. Here, the gene expression pattern of YdCD302 and its function in mediating the defense response to V. harveyi attack were investigated. Gene expression analysis demonstrated that YdCD302 was ubiquitously distributed in various tissues with the highest transcript abundance in liver. The YdCD302 protein exhibited agglutination and antibacterial activity against V. harveyi cells. Binding assay indicated that YdCD302 can physically interact with V. harveyi cells in a Ca2+-independent manner, and the interaction can activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in the bacterial cells to induce RecA/LexA-mediated cell death. After infection with V. harveyi, the expression of YdCD302 can be up-regulated significantly in the main immune organs of yellow drum and potentially further trigger the cytokines involved innate immunity. These findings provide insight into the genetic basis of the disease resistance trait in yellow drum and shed light on the functioning of the CD302 C-type lectin-like receptor in host-pathogen interactions. The molecular and functional characterization of YdCD302 is a significant step towards a better understanding of disease resistance mechanisms and the development of new strategies for disease control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Peng
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jiacheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Jingjie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Yukai Yang
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Sen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China
| | - Xiaolin Huang
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen 518121, China; Key Laboratory of South China Sea Fishery Resources Exploitation & Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Fishery Resources and Eco-environment, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361000, China.
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Zhong Z, Wu X, Bai M, Huang X, Zheng Q, Ai C. Treatments of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) against Cryptocaryon irritans with •OH, ClO 2 or HCHO: Survival, physiological and histological response. J Fish Dis 2023; 46:215-227. [PMID: 36519440 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Cryptocaryon irritans causes one of the most serious diseases in various wild and cultured marine fish, leading to mass mortality and economic loss. In this study, hydroxyl radical (•OH) solution produced by strong ionization discharge combined with water jet cavitation effect was injected into orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) aquaculture tanks for C. irritans control. The results showed that all C. irritans theronts were inactivated by •OH solution at concentrations of 0.5 mg/L within 2 min. •OH could induce alteration of shape, the absence of motility and macronucleus dispersion in theronts. A possible explanation was that the macronucleus of C. irritans might be damaged by •OH; as a result, its metabolism and life activities were disturbed. The •OH treatment increased the survival rate of E. coioides challenged with C. irritans from 64.7 ± 8.0% (mean ± SD) to 100% and reduced their infection intensity significantly. Stress response biomarkers such as malonaldehyde, glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase levels in the gills of E. coioides at different time points were analysed. The SOD activity in the •OH group first decreased and then recovered to the initial level at the end of the experiment. The other stress response biomarkers had no significant difference from that in the uninfected control group after •OH treatment. Additionally, the gill of E. coioides in the •OH group exhibited slight and reversible transformation compared with the uninfected control group. Compared with •OH treatment, chlorine dioxide and formalin treatment reduced the survival rate, induced oxidative damage and changed the histological gill structure in E. coioides. In conclusion, •OH could be applied effectively to control C. irritans infection without affecting the normal physiological condition of E. coioides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziqing Zhong
- College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiping Wu
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control (CPPC), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mindong Bai
- College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiaodian Huang
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control (CPPC), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qilin Zheng
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Coastal Pollution Prevention and Control (CPPC), College of the Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chunxiang Ai
- College of Ocean & Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
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Gao S, Han C, Ye H, Chen Q, Huang J. Transcriptome analysis of the spleen provides insight into the immunoregulation of Scortum barcoo under Streptococcus agalactiae infection. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 245:114095. [PMID: 36116237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.114095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Jade perch (Scortum barcoo) is a freshwater fish with substantial economic value, which has been widely cultivated all over the world. However, with the intensification and expansion of farming, several bacterial and viral diseases have occurred in jade perch. To understand the immune response of jade perch against Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus, GBS), we performed a histopathological examination and transcriptome sequencing of jade perch spleen after artificial bacterial infection. GBS infection can cause structural changes and even necrosis of the jade perch spleen, which may affect the survival of infected individuals. A total of 144,458 unigenes were obtained through de novo assembly of spleen transcriptome. Among them, 1821 unigenes were identified as DEGs, including 1415 up-regulated and 406 down-regulated unigenes in the infection group. Moreover, the analysis of GO and KEGG revealed that many GO terms and pathways were involved in the host immune response, such as Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, and TNF signaling pathway. In addition, according to transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis, the expression levels of many cytokines that participate in the inflammatory response changed a lot after GBS infection. Overall, this transcriptomic analysis provided valuable information for studying the immune response of jade perch against bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songze Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chong Han
- School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 51006, PR China.
| | - Hangyu Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Qinghua Chen
- South China Institute of Environmental Science, MEE, Guangzhou 510610, PR China
| | - Jianrong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Institute of Aquatic Economic Animals and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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11
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Liu HJ, Dong M, Jiang WD, Wu P, Liu Y, Jin XW, Kuang SY, Tang L, Zhang L, Feng L, Zhou XQ. Acute nitrite exposure-induced oxidative damage, endoplasmic reticulum stress, autophagy and apoptosis caused gill tissue damage of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella): Relieved by dietary protein. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 243:113994. [PMID: 35994904 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Nitrite poses a serious threat to intensive aquaculture. Protein, as a major nutrient in animals, is vital for protecting animal tissues from damage. In this study, we investigated the protective effect of dietary protein on gill tissue structure and the underlying mechanisms in sub-adult grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) exposed to nitrite stress. Six iso-energetic semi-purified diets containing different protein levels (16-31 %) were formulated, and fed to fish for 60 d. The fish were then exposed to a nitrite solution for 4 d. Histopathological observation and determination of related indices (serum glucose, serum cortisol, nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and protein carbonyl) showed that 22-25 % dietary protein significantly alleviated the nitrite-induced stress response, gill tissue damage and oxidative damage. Further research found that a suitable dietary protein suppressed the nitrite-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) related signaling pathway which possibly activated autophagy and apoptosis. Interestingly, we discovered that proper dietary protein reduced autophagy, probably through unc-51-like kinase 1 (Ulk1), BCL-2-interacting myosin-like coiled-coil protein (Beclin1), autophagy-related gene 5 (Atg5), Atg12, microtubule-associated protein1 light chain 3 (LC3), BCL-2 interacting protein 3 (BNIP3) and autophagy receptor P62 (p62). We also found that an appropriate dietary protein inhibited nitrite-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial and death receptor pathways. In summary, our findings are the first to demonstrate that 22-25 % of dietary protein levels can play a protective role against nitrite-induced gill injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Min Dong
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Wei-Dan Jiang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Pei Wu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Xiao-Wan Jin
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China
| | - Sheng-Yao Kuang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd,Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Ling Tang
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Academy of Animal Science, Sichuan Animtech Feed Co. Ltd,Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Tongwei Co., Ltd., Chengdu, China, Healthy Aquaculture Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 610041, China
| | - Lin Feng
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xiao-Qiu Zhou
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Fish Nutrition and Safety Production University Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan 611130, China.
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12
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Chen Y, Zhao M, Fan X, Zhu P, Jiang Z, Li F, Yuan W, You S, Chen J, Li Y, Shi Y, Zhu X, Ye X, Li F, Zhuang J, Li Y, Jiang Z, Wang Y, Wu X. Engagement of gcFKBP5/TRAF2 by spring viremia of carp virus to promote host cell apoptosis for supporting viral replication in grass carp. Dev Comp Immunol 2022; 127:104291. [PMID: 34710469 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) causes severe morbidity and mortality in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) in Europe, America and several Asian countries. We found that FKBP5 (FK506-binding protein 5) is an SVCV infection response factor; however, its role in the innate immune mechanism caused by SVCV infection remains unknown. This study cloned gcFKBP5 (grass carp FKBP5) and made its mimic protein structure for function discussion. We found that gcFKBP5 expression in the primary innate immune organs of grass carp, including intestine, liver and spleen, was highly upregulated by SVCV in 24 h, with a similar result in fish cells by poly(I:C) treatment. gcFKBP overexpression aggravates viral damage to cells and increases viral replication. Furthermore, SVCV engages gcFKBP5 interacting with TRAF2 (tumour necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2) to promote host cell apoptosis for supporting viral replication. The enhanced viral replication seems not to be due to the repression of IFN and other antiviral factors as expected. For the first time, these data show the pivotal role of gcFKBP5 in the innate immune response of grass carp to SVCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Mengjing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Xiongwei Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Zhaobiao Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Faxiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Wuzhou Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Shiqi You
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Jimei Chen
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Yunxuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Xiangli Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Fang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Jian Zhuang
- Guangdong Cardiovascular Institute, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510100, China
| | - Yongqing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China
| | - Zhigang Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
| | - Yuequn Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
| | - Xiushan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Development Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, Hunan, 410081, China.
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13
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Li C, Tian Y, Ma Q, Zhang B. Dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid ameliorates growth impairment and intestinal dysfunction in turbot ( Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed a high soybean meal diet. Food Funct 2022; 13:290-303. [PMID: 34889908 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo03034e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Over-substitution of fishmeal with soybean meal (SBM) commonly induces inferior growth and intestinal dysfunction in fish. This study aims to evaluate whether dietary gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) could ameliorate the adverse effects in turbot fed a high-SBM diet (HSD). Two hundred and seventy turbots were randomly divided into three treatment groups including turbots fed on a control diet (CNT, containing 60% fishmeal), an HSD (with 45% fishmeal protein replaced by SBM), and an HSD supplemented with GABA (160 mg kg-1) for 53 days. The growth and feed utilization parameters were calculated and the intestinal antioxidant status, inflammation, apoptosis, and microbiota were evaluated using assay kits, histological analysis, qRT-PCR, high throughput sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that GABA ameliorated HSD-induced growth impairment and enhanced feed intake of turbot. GABA ameliorated HSD-induced intestinal oxidative stress and apoptosis by restoring the MDA content, CAT and T-AOC activities, and apoptosis-related gene (Bcl-2, Bax, Bid, and Caspase-3) expressions to similar levels to those in the CNT group. GABA also alleviated HSD-induced intestinal inflammation through down-regulating the expressions of TNF-α, IL-1β, and NF-κB p65 and up-regulating the expression of TGF-β1. Furthermore, GABA reversed HSD-induced microbiota dysbiosis through regulating the overall bacterial richness and dominative bacterial population. Spearman's correlation analysis indicated that the altered microbiota was closely associated with growth and intestinal function. Collectively, GABA could ameliorate HSD-induced intestinal dysfunction via relieving oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis and microbiota dysbiosis, and these findings would contribute to a better understanding of the function of GABA in the fish intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaoqun Li
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Yuan Tian
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed, Ministry of Agriculture, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Qinyuan Ma
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
| | - Beili Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China.
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14
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Bowden AJ, Adams MB, Andrewartha SJ, Elliott NG, Frappell PB, Clark TD. Amoebic gill disease increases energy requirements and decreases hypoxia tolerance in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) smolts. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 265:111128. [PMID: 34952237 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Globally, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar Linnaeus) aquaculture is now routinely affected by amoebic gill disease (AGD; Neoparamoeba perurans). The disease proliferates throughout the summer and is implicated in decreasing tolerance of salmon to environmental perturbations, yet little empirical evidence exists to support these observations. Using salmon acclimated to 15 or 19 °C, our aim was to determine the effects of clinically light-moderate (industry-relevant) AGD on metabolism (ṀO2rest and ṀO2max), aerobic scope (ṀO2max - ṀO2rest), excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC), and hypoxia tolerance. An increase in ṀO2rest (~8% and ~ 13% increase within the 15 and 19 °C acclimation groups, respectively) with increasing disease signs demonstrated an increase in baseline energy requirements as the disease progressed. Conversely, ṀO2max remained stable at both temperatures (~364 mg O2 kg-1 h-1), resulting in a decline in aerobic scope by 13 and 19% in the 15 and 19 °C groups, respectively. There was evidence of a decrease in hypoxia tolerance as the dissolved oxygen concentrations at loss of equilibrium increased by ~8% with more severe lesion coverage of the gills. These results suggest an increase in basal energy requirements and reduction in hypoxia tolerance as AGD proliferates, lending support to the idea that AGD reduces environmental tolerance. However, the lack of an effect of acclimation temperature indicates that the temperature-disease interaction may be more complicated than currently thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Bowden
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.
| | - M B Adams
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia
| | | | - N G Elliott
- CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - P B Frappell
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - T D Clark
- Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia; CSIRO Agriculture and Food, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
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15
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Yang Y, Zhu X, Zhang H, Chen Y, Song Y, Ai X. Dual RNA-Seq of Trunk Kidneys Extracted From Channel Catfish Infected With Yersinia ruckeri Reveals Novel Insights Into Host-Pathogen Interactions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:775708. [PMID: 34975864 PMCID: PMC8715527 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.775708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Host-pathogen intectarions are complex, involving large dynamic changes in gene expression through the process of infection. These interactions are essential for understanding anti-infective immunity as well as pathogenesis. In this study, the host-pathogen interaction was analyzed using a model of acute infection where channel catfish were infected with Yersinia ruckeri. The infected fish showed signs of body surface hyperemia as well as hyperemia and swelling in the trunk kidney. Double RNA sequencing was performed on trunk kidneys extracted from infected channel catfish and transcriptome data was compared with data from uninfected trunk kidneys. Results revealed that the host-pathogen interaction was dynamically regulated and that the host-pathogen transcriptome fluctuated during infection. More specifically, these data revealed that the expression levels of immune genes involved in Cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions, the NF-kappa B signaling pathway, the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling and other immune-related pathways were significantly upregulated. Y. ruckeri mainly promote pathogenesis through the flagellum gene fliC in channel catfish. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) R package was used to reveal that the infection of catfish is closely related to metabolic pathways. This study contributes to the understanding of the host-pathogen interaction between channel catfish and Y. ruckeri, more specifically how catfish respond to infection through a transcriptional perspective and how this infection leads to enteric red mouth disease (ERM) in these fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibin Yang
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Zhu
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Haixin Zhang
- Fish Disease Laboratory, Jiangxi Fisheries Research Institute, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuhua Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Clinical Center & Key Lab of Intestinal & Colorectal Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yi Song
- The Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohui Ai
- Yangtze River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuhan, China
- The Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety Control of Aquatic Products, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing, China
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16
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Xiong NX, Luo SW, Mao ZW, Fan LF, Luo KK, Wang S, Hu FZ, Wen M, Liu QF, Liu SJ. Ferritin H can counteract inflammatory response in hybrid fish and its parental species after Aeromonas hydrophila infection. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109174. [PMID: 34461291 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ferritin H can participate in the regulation of fish immunity. Tissue-specific analysis revealed that the highest expressions of Ferritin H in parental species were observed in spleen, while peaked level of Ferritin H mRNA in hybrid fish was observed in liver. In addition, A. hydrophila challenge could sharply enhance their Ferritin H mRNA expression in liver, kidney and spleen. To further investigate their roles in immune regulation, their Ferritin H fusion proteins were produced in vitro. Ferritin H fusion proteins could exhibit a direct binding activity to A. hydrophila and endotoxin in a dose-dependent manner, restrict dissemination of A. hydrophila to tissues and abrogate inflammatory cascades. Moreover, treatment with Ferritin H fusion proteins could reduce A. hydrophila-induced lipid peroxidation. These results indicated that Ferritin H in hybrid fish elicited a similar immune regulation of A. hydrophila-induced inflammatory signals in comparison with those of its parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Xia Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Sheng-Wei Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
| | - Zhuang-Wen Mao
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, PR China
| | - Lan-Fen Fan
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, PR China
| | - Kai-Kun Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Shi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Fang-Zhou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Ming Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Qing-Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China
| | - Shao-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Freshwater Fish, College of Life Science, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, PR China.
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17
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Gopi N, Rekha R, Vijayakumar S, Liu G, Monserrat JM, Faggio C, Nor SAM, Vaseeharan B. Interactive effects of freshwater acidification and selenium pollution on biochemical changes and neurotoxicity in Oreochromis mossambicus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 250:109161. [PMID: 34375731 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Effect of selenium and acidification in freshwater environment was assessed solitary but no reports are available on the impacts of both factors act together. In the present study, effects of combined simultaneous exposure to selenium (Se) and low pH were assessed in Mozambique tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus. Responses were measured based on antioxidant defenses (enzymatic SOD, CAT, GPx and non-enzymatic GSH), biotransformation enzyme (GST), metallothionein levels (MT), oxidative damage (LPO, CP), Na+/K+-ATPase (NKA) activity in gills and liver tissues and neurotoxicity (acetylcholinesterase, AChE) response in brain tissue. Fish were exposed to combined treatment at different pH levels (7.5, control (optimum pH for tilapia growth); 5.5, low pH) and Se concentrations (0, 10, and 100 μg L-1). Toxicity levels of Se were not significantly different under control and low pH indicating that pH did not affect Se toxicity. Levels of GSH and MT were enhanced in Se-exposed fish at both pH. Combined effects of high Se concentration and low pH decreased SOD and CAT activities and increased those of GPx and GST. However, organisms were not able to prevent cellular damage (LPO and CP), indicating a condition of oxidative stress. Furthermore, inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase activity was showed. Additionally, neurotoxicity effect was observed by inhibition of cholinesterase activity in organisms exposed to Se at both pH conditions. As a result, the combined stress of selenium and freshwater acidification has a slight impact on antioxidant defense mechanisms while significantly inhibiting cholinesterase and Na+/K + -ATPase activity in fish. The mechanisms of freshwater acidification mediating the toxic effects of trace non-metal element on freshwater fish need to investigate further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narayanan Gopi
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ravichandran Rekha
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sekar Vijayakumar
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India; Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, PR China
| | - Guangxu Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - José Maria Monserrat
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande- FURG, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB), Programa de Pós-graduação em Aquacultura, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Caterina Faggio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Italy
| | - Siti Azizah Mohd Nor
- Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia
| | - Baskaralingam Vaseeharan
- Biomaterials and Biotechnology in Animal Health Lab, Department of Animal Health and Management, Science Campus 6(th) Floor, Alagappa University, Karaikudi 630004, Tamil Nadu, India.
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18
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Li XP, Chen GY, Jin Q, Lou FR, Liu BJ, Zhang J, Feng JX, Chen TT. CsIL-11, a teleost interleukin-11, is involved in promoting phagocytosis and antibacterial immune defense. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 192:1021-1028. [PMID: 34666131 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 10/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Interleukin (IL)-11 is a multifunctional cytokine belonging to the IL-6 family, which plays essential roles in immune response. However, much less is known about the immunological functions of IL-11 in teleost. In this study, we investigated the immune properties of a teleost IL-11 homologue (CsIL-11) from tongue sole Cynoglossus semilaevis. CsIL-11 possesses four conserved α-helices and conserved CsIL-11 receptor binding residues L86 and R187, and shares 23.3%-80.1% identities with other IL-11 homologues. CsIL-11 expression was constitutive in tissues, with most abundant in blood and least abundant in spleen, and upregulated by bacterial challenge in blood, spleen, and head kidney. Recombinant CsIL-11 (rCsIL-11) in the native form of monomer, could bind to peripheral blood leukocytes (PBLs) membrane and enhance the activation and phagocytosis of PBLs. When administered in vivo, rCsIL-11 could markedly promote the host to defend against microbial infection. Overall, our findings show that CsIL-11 plays a pivotal role in regulating PBLs phagocytosis and antibacterial immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Peng Li
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China.
| | - Guan-Yu Chen
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Qiu Jin
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Fang-Rui Lou
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Bing-Jian Liu
- Marine Sciences and Technology College, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Ji-Xing Feng
- School of Ocean, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Tian-Tian Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China.
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Chen J, Shao B, Wang J, Shen Z, Liu H, Li S. Chlorpyrifos caused necroptosis via MAPK/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) gills. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 249:109126. [PMID: 34217843 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is an organophosphate insecticide and can cause cell death of animals. In the study, the common carp were exposed to CPF at 0 μg/L (the control group), 1.16 μg/L (the low dose group), 11.6 μg/L (the medium dose group), and 116 μg/L (the high dose group), respectively. The carp were euthanized at the 30th day and gills were collected immediately. The ultrastructural and histopathological observations showed obvious necrosis characteristics and inflammatory injury in the CPF-treated groups. CPF exposure activated the MAPK pathway, in which the mRNA and protein expressions of extracellular signal-regulated (ERK), p38 MAP kinase (p38), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) were increased; the mRNAs and proteins of NF-κB and TNF-α were activated; and the mRNAs and proteins of necroptosis related genes were changed (the mRNA and protein expression of RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL, and FADD were increased and caspase-8 was decreased) with concentration dependency. Taken together, we concluded that CPF exposure activated the MAPK/NF-κB/TNF-α pathway, promoted inflammatory injure and evoked necroptosis in common carp gills. In addition, CPF-induced inflammation and necroptosis was concentration dependency. The toxic effects of CPF on gills provided data for both aquaculture and toxicological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianqing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Bing Shao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Jinliang Wang
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Zhiqiang Shen
- Shandong Binzhou Animal Science & Veterinary Medicine Academy, Binzhou 256600, China
| | - Honggui Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; Key Laboratory of the Provincial Education Department of Heilongjiang for Common Animal Disease Prevention and Treatment, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China.
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20
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Takahashi Y, Okamura Y, Harada N, Watanabe M, Miyanishi H, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. Interleukin-22 Deficiency Contributes to Dextran Sulfate Sodium-Induced Inflammation in Japanese Medaka, Oryzias latipes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:688036. [PMID: 34759916 PMCID: PMC8573258 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.688036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucosal tissue forms the first line of defense against pathogenic microorganisms. Cellular damage in the mucosal epithelium may induce the interleukin (IL)-22-related activation of many immune cells, which are essential for maintaining the mucosal epithelial barrier. A previous study on mucosal immunity elucidated that mammalian IL-22 contributes to mucus and antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) production and anti-apoptotic function. IL-22 has been identified in several teleost species and is also induced in response to bacterial infections. However, the roles of IL-22 in teleost immunity and mucus homeostasis are poorly understood. In this study, Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) was used as a model fish. The medaka il22, il22 receptor A1 (il22ra1), and il22 binding protein (il22bp) were cloned and characterized. The expression of medaka il22, il22ra1, and il22bp in various tissues was measured using qPCR. These genes were expressed at high levels in the mucosal tissues of the intestines, gills, and skin. The localization of il22 and il22bp mRNA in the gills and intestines was confirmed by in situ hybridizations. Herein, we established IL-22-knockout (KO) medaka using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. In the IL-22-KO medaka, a 4-bp deletion caused a frameshift in il22. To investigate the genes subject to IL-22-dependent regulation, we compared the transcripts of larval medaka between wild-type (WT) and IL-22-KO medaka using RNA-seq and qPCR analyses. The comparison was performed not only in the naïve state but also in the dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-exposed state. At the transcriptional level, 368 genes, including immune genes, such as those encoding AMPs and cytokines, were significantly downregulated in IL-22-KO medaka compared that in WT medaka in naïve states. Gene ontology analysis revealed that upon DSS stimulation, genes associated with cell death, acute inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and others were upregulated in WT medaka. Furthermore, in DSS-stimulated IL-22-KO medaka, wound healing was delayed, the number of apoptotic cells increased, and the number of goblet cells in the intestinal epithelium decreased. These results suggested that in medaka, IL-22 is important for maintaining intestinal homeostasis, and the disruption of the IL-22 pathway is associated with the exacerbation of inflammatory pathology, as observed for mammalian IL-22.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshie Takahashi
- International Course of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yo Okamura
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Nanaki Harada
- International Course of Agriculture, Graduate School of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Mika Watanabe
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyanishi
- Department of Marine Biology and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Jun-ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Biosciences, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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21
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Dawood MAO, Noreldin AE, Sewilam H. Long term salinity disrupts the hepatic function, intestinal health, and gills antioxidative status in Nile tilapia stressed with hypoxia. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2021; 220:112412. [PMID: 34119925 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/05/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, fish are stressed with several factors involved in impacting the growth rate and health status. Although Nile tilapia can resist brackish water conditions, hypoxia status may impair the health condition of fish. Nile tilapia were exposed to salinity water at 0, 10, and 20‰ for four weeks then the growth behavior was checked. The results showed meaningfully lowered growth rate, feed utilization, and survival rate when fish kept in 20‰ for four weeks. Then fish were subdivided into six groups (factorial design, 2 × 3) in normoxia (DO, 6 mg/L) and hypoxia (DO, 1 mg/L) conditions for 24 h. High salinity (10 and 20‰) combined with hypoxia stress-induced inflammatory features in the intestines, gills, and livers of fish. The activities of SOD, CAT, and GPX were increased in the intestines, gills, and livers of fish grown in 10 and 20‰ and exposed with hypoxia stress. Fish grown in 20‰ and stressed with hypoxia had the highest ALT, AST, and ALP levels (p < 0.05) among the groups. The highest transcription levels of Il-8, Il-1β, Ifn-γ, Tnf-α, and Caspase-3 genes and the lowest level of Il-10 gene were observed in fish exposed with 20‰ and hypoxia. The outputs of Integrated Biomarker Response (IBR) showed marked differences between fish groups with varied values. The lowest IBR was observed in fish reared in fresh water and normoxia, while the highest IBR was seen in the group of fish reared in 20‰ and hypoxia conditions (p < 0.05). These results confirm that Nile tilapia can tolerate 10‰ in normoxia but 20‰ salinity combined with hypoxia results in oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory features in the intestines, gills, and livers. The obtained results indicate that hypoxia can affect the performances of Nile tilapia reared in brackish or high-water salinity leading to severe economic loss. Further future studies are required to understand the impact of different water salinities with hypoxia in the short term and long-term periods on the productivity of Nile tilapia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud A O Dawood
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; Animal Production Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafr El-Sheikh 33516, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed E Noreldin
- Histology and Cytology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, Damanhour 22511, Egypt
| | - Hani Sewilam
- The Center for Applied Research on the Environment and Sustainability, The American University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt; Department of Engineering Hydrology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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22
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Zhang X, Zhang Y, Pan J, Zhu M, Liang Z, Shen Z, Dai K, Yan B, Dai Y, Xue R, Cao G, Hu X, Gong C. Proteomic analysis of the exosomes secreted from Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney cells infected with grass carp reovirus reveals their involvement in the cellular responses to viral infection. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:857-867. [PMID: 33745109 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-021-00939-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Exosomes are small membrane-enclosed vesicles secreted by various types of cells. Exosomes not only participate in different physiological processes in cells, but also involve in the cellular responses to viral infection. Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is a non-enveloped virus with segmented, double-stranded RNA genome. Nowadays, the exact role of exosomes in regulating the life cycle of GCRV infection is still unclear. In this study, the exosomes secreted from Ctenopharyngodon idellus kidney (CIK) cells infected or uninfected with GCRV were isolated, and the differential protein expression profiles were analyzed by proteomic technologies. A total of 1297 proteins were identified in the isolated exosomes. The differentially abundant proteins were further analyzed with functional categories, and numerous important pathways were regulated by exosomes in GCRV-infected CIK cells. These exosomal proteins were estimated to interact with the genes (proteins) of the top 10 most enriched signaling pathways. Furthermore, GW4869 exosome inhibitor suppressed the expression level of VP7 in GCRV-infected cells, suggesting that exosomes play a crucial role in the life cycle of GCRV infection. These findings could shed new lights on understanding the functional roles of exosomes in the cellular responses to GCRV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yunshan Zhang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jun Pan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Min Zhu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zi Liang
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Zeen Shen
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Kun Dai
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Bingyu Yan
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Yaping Dai
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Renyu Xue
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Guangli Cao
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Xiaolong Hu
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
| | - Chengliang Gong
- School of Biology & Basic Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
- Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute, Agricultural Biotechnology and Ecological Research Institute, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China.
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23
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Wu B, Song Q, Li W, Xie Y, Luo S, Tian Q, Zhao R, Liu T, Wang Z, Han F. Characterization and functional study of a chimera galectin from yellow drum Nibea albiflora. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:361-372. [PMID: 34314796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Galectins are protein that participates in a variety of immune responses in the process of pathogenic infections. In the present study, a chimera galectin gene was screened from the transcriptome database of Nibea albiflora, which was named as YdGal-3. The results of qRT-PCR showed that the mRNA transcripts of YdGal-3 were ubiquitously distributed in all the detected tissues. After infection with Vibrio harveyi, the expression of YdGal-3 in liver, spleen, and head kidney increased significantly. Immunohistochemistry showed that YdGal-3 protein was widely expressed in the head kidney. The purified YdGal-3 protein by prokaryotic expression agglutinated red blood cells. Sugar inhibition assay showed that the agglutinating activity of YdGal-3 protein was inhibited by different sugars including lactose, D-galactose, and lipopolysaccharide. In addition, we mutated YdGal-3 His 294 into proline (P), alanine (A), glycine (G), and aspartic acid (D), it was further proved that the residue plays a key role in agglutination. YdGal-3 agglutinated some gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Vibrio parahemolyticus, V. harveyi, and Aeromonas hydrophila, and exhibited antibacterial activity. These results suggested that YdGal-3 protein played an important role in the innate immunity of N. albiflora.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qing Song
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China; Ningbo Institute of Northwestern Polytechnical University, Frontiers Science Center for Flexible Electronics (FSCFE), Xi'an Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE), Xi'an Institute of Biomedical Materials & Engineering (IBME), Northwestern Polytechnical University, 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Wanbo Li
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Yangjie Xie
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Shuai Luo
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Qianqian Tian
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China
| | - Ruixiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Tong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts & Telecommunications, 9 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Zhiyong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
| | - Fang Han
- Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries College, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, China.
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24
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Yin X, Li X, Chen N, Mu L, Wu H, Yang Y, Han K, Huang Y, Wang B, Jian J, Wang A, Ye J. Hemopexin as an acute phase protein regulates the inflammatory response against bacterial infection of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 187:166-178. [PMID: 34298052 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.07.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemopexin, a high affinity heme-binding protein is widely involved in variety physiological and pathological processes. It is an important acute phase response protein, and is important in regulating the inflammatory response. In this study, the open reading frame of Nile tilapia hemopexin (OnHpx) gene was amplified. The expression pattern of OnHpx in natural and bacterial challenged tilapia tissues were analyzed through RT-qPCR. The results indicated the OnHpx was most abundant in liver, and increased significantly in liver, spleen, head kidney and peripheral blood after bacterial challenge. Furthermore, the OnHpx mRNA was also significantly up-regulated in monocytes/macrophages and hepatocytes under the stimulation of S. agalactiae or A. hydrophila. In addition, the recombinant OnHpx protein could effectively reduce the bacteria proliferation and alleviate the inflammatory reaction caused by bacteria. Moreover, the (r)OnHpx also regulated the respiratory burst of monocytes/macrophages and played an important role in the antioxidant process. To our knowledge, these results provide the first evidence on the antibacterial and anti-inflammatory response mechanism of Hpx in early vertebrates. This brings new insights about the understanding of the evolutionary origins and ancient roles of the Hpx in the innate immune defense.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Yin
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science and Bioengineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Beijing Proteome Research Center, Beijing Institute of Life Omics, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Nuo Chen
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Liangliang Mu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
| | - Hairong Wu
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yanjian Yang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Kailiang Han
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Yu Huang
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Bei Wang
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Jichang Jian
- Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524088, PR China
| | - Anli Wang
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China
| | - Jianmin Ye
- School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Institute of Modern Aquaculture Science and Engineering, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Healthy and Safe Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510631, PR China.
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25
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Li X, Fan K, Liu Y, Liu Y, Liu PF. Administration of a recombinant ALDH7A1 (rA7) indicates potential regulation of the metabolite and immunology pathways in Atlantic salmon infected with Aeromonas salmonicida. J Fish Dis 2021; 44:961-977. [PMID: 33645734 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The bacterium Aeromonas salmonicida is the pathogen responsible for furunculosis, which is a serious disease of salmonids. This disease has a significant economic impact on the economic benefits of the global salmon farming industry. However, the pathogenesis of this disease in fish is still unknown. Members of the aldehyde dehydrogenase gene (ALDH) superfamily play a key role in the enzyme detoxification of endogenous and exogenous aldehydes. In this study, we obtained a recombinant aldehyde dehydrogenase 7A1 (ALDH7A1) protein to find its functions on Atlantic salmon infected by A. salmonicida. The transcriptional response in the liver of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) with differing levels of A. salmonicida infection was analysed and compared in order to reveal mechanisms by which ALDH7A1 may confer infection resistance. With the addition of ALDH7A1 protein, it was found that a total of 13,369 genes were annotated with one or more KEGG and localized to 360 KEGG pathways in the high concentration infection group. The differential expression genes were more enriched in immune signalling pathways such as the Toll-like receptor signalling pathway, NF-kappa B signalling pathway and TNF signalling pathway. On the other hand, at low concentrations of infection, KEGG enriched a smaller number of differential expression genes. However, these differential genes were more concentrated in immune signalling pathways such as the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, JAK-STAT signalling pathway and complement and coagulation cascades. In addition, several known immune-related genes including HSP90α, HSP70, DNA damage-inducible transcript 4, integrin alpha 5 and microtubule-associated protein 2 were among the differentially expressed transcripts. These data provide the first insights into the host-ALDH7A1 vaccine interactome. The results of this study contribute to identifying the potential resistance mechanisms of Atlantic salmon to A. salmonicida infection and determining future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohao Li
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Kunpeng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
- College of Fisheries and Life Science, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
| | - Yafang Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
| | - Peng-Fei Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment Controlled Aquaculture, Ministry of Education, Dalian, China
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26
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Li Q, Cao M, Fu Q, Yang N, Yan X, Song L, Li C. Complement genes in black rockfish (Sebastods schlegelii): genome-wide identification, evolution and their potential functions in response to Vibrio anguillarum infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 114:119-131. [PMID: 33930548 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As complex components of innate immune system, members of complement system play crucial roles during the process of defensing against pathogens. Black rockfish (Sebastes schlegelii) is one of the important aquaculture species in East Asian. However, studies of complement genes in black rockfish and its related immune activities are still lacking. Therefore, a total of 112 members of the complement genes were identified from the genome of black rockfish and were classified into five subgroups. According to their functional annotations, 30 genes belonged to pattern recognition, 6 genes belonged to proteases, 14 genes belonged to complement components, 36 genes belonged to receptors, and 26 genes belonged to regulators. It can be found that many complement genes evolved into multi-copies, especially in teleost, which may be influenced by whole-genome duplication or tandem duplication events. Complement genes were randomly distributed on 22 chromosomes. The number of introns of complement genes varied from 1 to 70. Results of the expression patterns of 10 randomly selected genes from 5 subtypes response to Vibrio anguillarum infection revealed that most of the members of the complement genes were induced in gill and skin. In contrast, most genes in intestine showed downregulation. This study systematically characterized and analyzed the complement genes in black rockfish and provided new insights into their functions responding to bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Min Cao
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Ning Yang
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China
| | - Xu Yan
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Lin Song
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266011, China
| | - Chao Li
- School of Marine Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, China.
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Peruzza L, Pascoli F, Dalla Rovere G, Franch R, Ferraresso S, Babbucci M, Biasini L, Abbadi M, Panzarin V, Toffan A, Bargelloni L. Transcriptome analysis reveals a complex response to the RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant Nervous Necrosis Virus strain in sea bream larvae. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2021; 114:282-292. [PMID: 33971258 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata) is a marine fish of great importance for Mediterranean aquaculture. This species has long been considered resistant to Nervous Necrosis Virus (NNV), an RNA virus that causes massive mortalities in several farmed fish animals. However, the recent appearance of RGNNV/SJNNV reassortant strains started to pose a serious threat to sea bream hatcheries, as it is able to infect larvae and juveniles of this species. While host response to NNV has been extensively studied in adult fish, little attention has been devoted to early life history stages, which are generally the most sensitive ones. Here we report for the first time a time-course RNA-seq analysis on 21-day old fish gilthead sea bream larvae experimentally infected with a RGNNV/SJNNV strain. NNV-infected and mock-infected samples were collected at four time points (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h post infection). Four biological replicates, each consisting of five pooled larvae, were analysed for each time point and group. A large set of genes were found to be significantly regulated, especially at early time points (6 h and 12 h), with several heat shock protein encoding transcripts being up-regulated (e.g. hspa5, dnaj4, hspa9, hsc70), while many immune genes were down-regulated (e.g. myd88 and irf5 at T06, pik3r1, stat3, jak1, il12b and il6st at T12). A gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified several altered pathways/processes. For instance, the formation of peroxisomes, which are important anti-viral components as well as essential for nervous system homeostasis, and the autophagy pathway were down-regulated at 6 h and 24 h post infection (hpi). Finally, two custom "reactomes" (i.e. significant gene sets observed in other studies) were defined and used. The first reactome integrated the transcriptomic response to NNV in different fish species, while the second one included all genes found to be stimulated either by interferon (IFN) or by IFN and Chikungunya virus in zebrafish. Genes in both reactomes showed predominant up-regulation at 6hpi and 12hpi and a general down-regulation at 24hpi. Such evidence suggest a certain degree of similarity between the response of sea bream and that of other fish species to NNV, while the observed down-regulation of IFN- and viral-stimulated pathways argues for a possible interference of NNV against the host response.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Peruzza
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università, 16 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy.
| | - F Pascoli
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE Reference Centre for Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy
| | - G Dalla Rovere
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università, 16 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - R Franch
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università, 16 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - S Ferraresso
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università, 16 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - M Babbucci
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università, 16 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
| | - L Biasini
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE Reference Centre for Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy
| | - M Abbadi
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE Reference Centre for Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy
| | - V Panzarin
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE Reference Centre for Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy
| | - A Toffan
- Division of Comparative Biomedical Sciences, OIE Reference Centre for Viral Encephalopathy and Retinopathy, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Delle Venezie (IZSVe), Padua, Italy
| | - L Bargelloni
- Department of Comparative Biomedicine and Food Science, University of Padova, Viale Dell'Università, 16 35020, Legnaro, PD, Italy
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Wu S, Sun M, Zhang X, Liao J, Liu M, Qin Q, Wei J. Grouper TRAF4, a Novel, CP-Interacting Protein That Promotes Red-Spotted Grouper Nervous Necrosis Virus Replication. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116136. [PMID: 34200212 PMCID: PMC8201248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors (TRAFs) play important roles in the biological processes of immune regulation, the inflammatory response, and apoptosis. TRAF4 belongs to the TRAF family and plays a major role in many biological processes. Compared with other TRAF proteins, the functions of TRAF4 in teleosts have been largely unknown. In the present study, the TRAF4 homologue (EcTRAF4) of the orange-spotted grouper was characterized. EcTRAF4 consisted of 1413 bp encoding a 471-amino-acid protein, and the predicted molecular mass was 54.27 kDa. EcTRAF4 shares 99.79% of its identity with TRAF4 of the giant grouper (E. lanceolatus). EcTRAF4 transcripts were ubiquitously and differentially expressed in all the examined tissues. EcTRAF4 expression in GS cells was significantly upregulated after stimulation with red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus (RGNNV). EcTRAF4 protein was distributed in the cytoplasm of GS cells. Overexpressed EcTRAF4 promoted RGNNV replication during viral infection in vitro. Yeast two-hybrid and coimmunoprecipitation assays showed that EcTRAF4 interacted with the coat protein (CP) of RGNNV. EcTRAF4 inhibited the activation of IFN3, IFN-stimulated response element (ISRE), and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB). Overexpressed EcTRAF4 also reduced the expression of interferon (IFN)-related molecules and pro-inflammatory factors. Together, these results demonstrate that EcTRAF4 plays crucial roles in RGNNV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Wu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengshi Sun
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Xin Zhang
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Jiaming Liao
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mengke Liu
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Qiwei Qin
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266000, China
- Correspondence: (Q.Q.); (J.W.)
| | - Jingguang Wei
- Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Region on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China; (S.W.); (M.S.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence: (Q.Q.); (J.W.)
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Zhao N, Jia L, He X, Zhang B. Proteomics of mucosal exosomes of Cynoglossus semilaevis altered when infected by Vibrio harveyi. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 119:104045. [PMID: 33582105 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The cargo of exosomes contains proteins with various functions, which might be promising biomarkers for disease diagnosis and prognosis. To explore the impact of the Vibrio harveyi pathogen on Cynoglossus semilaevis from a different perspective and develop promising biomarkers for infection, the exosomes from epidermal mucus of healthy controls(EC)and sick fish(ES)were extracted and identified, coupled with proteomic screening through iTRAQ followed with LC-MS/MS. 1531 credible proteins were obtained relating to structural, metabolic and immunological functions. 359 different expressed proteins (DEPs) (FC > 2 or FC < 0.5) were found, with 161 up-regulated and 198 down-regulated in ES. Based on the database of C. semilaevis on Uniprot, 71 proteins were characterized as concrete names, including 19 up-regulated proteins and 52 down-regulated proteins, and were selected as subjects for further studies. Ferritin, Toll-like receptor 5S protein and Calcium-transporting ATPase were upregulated, while Histone H2B and Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A were downregulated, consistent with the expression levels of related mRNAs in skin tissue verified by qRT-PCR. The integrated analysis between miRomics and proteomics also provided possible regulatory relationships mediated by mucous exosomes during infection. The signature proteins in mucosal exosomes could make sense in the explanation of the infection defending mechanism and the development of biomarkers which can differentiate diseased and healthy C. semilaevis individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Jia
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxu He
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Tianjin Fisheries Research Institute, Tianjin, China.
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Huang L, Zuo Y, Qin Y, Zhao L, Lin M, Yan Q. The Zinc Nutritional Immunity of Epinephelus coioides Contributes to the Importance of znuC During Pseudomonas plecoglossicida Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:678699. [PMID: 34017347 PMCID: PMC8129501 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.678699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, the dual RNA-seq was carried out in a Pseudomonas plecoglossicida- Epinephelus coioides infection model to investigate the dynamics of pathogen-host interplay in vivo. ZnuC, a member of ZnuCBA Zn importer, was found transcriptionally up-regulated during infection. Thus, this study aimed to assess its role during the trade-off for Zn between host and P. plecoglossicida. ICP-MS analysis and fluorescent staining showed that Zn was withheld from serum and accumulated in the spleen, with increased Zn uptake in the Golgi apparatus of macrophages after infection. Additionally, growth assay, macrophage infection and animal infection after gene knockout / silencing revealed that znuC was necessary for growth in Zn-limiting conditions, colonization, intracellular viability, immune escape and virulence of P. plecoglossicida. Further analysis with dual RNA-seq revealed associations of host's Zn nutritional immunity genes with bacterial Zn assimilation genes. IL6 and ZIP4 played key roles in this network, and markedly affected znuB expression, intracellular viability and immune escape, as revealed by gene silencing. Moreover, EMSA and GFP reporter gene analysis showed that Fur sensed changes in Fe concentration to regulate znuCBA in P. plecoglossicida. Jointly, these findings suggest a trade-off for Zn between host and P. plecoglossicida, while ZnuC is important for P. plecoglossicida Zn acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lixing Huang
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
- Fisheries College, Fujian Engineering Research Center of Aquatic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yanfei Zuo
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yingxue Qin
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Lingmin Zhao
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Mao Lin
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Qingpi Yan
- Fisheries College, Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
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Morimoto N, Kono T, Sakai M, Hikima JI. Inflammasomes in Teleosts: Structures and Mechanisms That Induce Pyroptosis during Bacterial Infection. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4389. [PMID: 33922312 PMCID: PMC8122782 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) play a crucial role in inducing inflammatory responses; they recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns, damage-associated molecular patterns, and environmental factors. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-leucine-rich repeat-containing receptors (NLRs) are part of the PRR family; they form a large multiple-protein complex called the inflammasome in the cytosol. In mammals, the inflammasome consists of an NLR, used as a sensor molecule, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) as an adaptor protein, and pro-caspase1 (Casp1). Inflammasome activation induces Casp1 activation, promoting the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, and the induction of inflammatory cell death called pyroptosis via gasdermin D cleavage in mammals. Inflammasome activation and pyroptosis in mammals play important roles in protecting the host from pathogen infection. Recently, numerous inflammasome-related genes in teleosts have been identified, and their conservation and/or differentiation between their expression in mammals and teleosts have also been elucidated. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge of the molecular structure and machinery of the inflammasomes and the ASC-spec to induce pyroptosis; moreover, we explore the protective role of the inflammasome against pathogenic infection in teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natsuki Morimoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Agriculture and Engineering, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan;
| | - Tomoya Kono
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Masahiro Sakai
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (T.K.); (M.S.)
| | - Jun-ichi Hikima
- Department of Biochemistry and Applied Bioscience, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, 1-1 Gakuenkibanadai-nishi, Miyazaki 889-2192, Japan; (T.K.); (M.S.)
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González-Stegmaier R, Peña A, Villarroel-Espíndola F, Aguila P, Oliver C, MacLeod-Carey D, Rozas-Serri M, Enriquez R, Figueroa J. Full recombinant flagellin B from Vibrio anguillarum (rFLA) and its recombinant D1 domain (rND1) promote a pro-inflammatory state and improve vaccination against P. salmonis in Atlantic salmon (S. salar). Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 117:103988. [PMID: 33359361 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flagellin is the major component of the flagellum, and a ligand for Toll-like receptor 5. As reported, recombinant flagellin (rFLA) from Vibrio anguillarum and its D1 domain (rND1) are able to promote in vitro an upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo stimulatory/adjuvant effect for rFLA and rND1 during P. salmonis vaccination in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We demonstrated that rFLA and rND1 are molecules able to generate an acute upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12β), allowing the expression of genes associated with T-cell activation (IL-2, CD4, CD8β), and differentiation (IFNγ, IL-4/13, T-bet, Eomes, GATA3), in a differential manner, tissue/time dependent way. Altogether, our results suggest that rFLA and rND1 are valid candidates to be used as an immuno-stimulant or adjuvants with existing vaccines in farmed salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana González-Stegmaier
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio Medicina Traslacional. Instituto Clínico Oncológico. Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Peña
- Laboratorio Pathovet Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Franz Villarroel-Espíndola
- Laboratorio Medicina Traslacional. Instituto Clínico Oncológico. Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Aguila
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Cristian Oliver
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Desmond MacLeod-Carey
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Polymers and Macromolecules Center, El Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ricardo Enriquez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Patología Acuática, Instituto de Patología Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jaime Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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Song Y, Sun H, Gao S, Tang K, Zhao Y, Xie G, Gao H. Saikosaponin a attenuates lead-induced kidney injury through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 242:108945. [PMID: 33278595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponin a (SSa), a triterpene saponin extracted from Bupleurumfalcatum L., has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SSa on lead-induced kidney injury in common carp. Kidney histological changes were detected by H&E staining. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, MDA, GSH, and SOD activity were also measured. Furthermore, the NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways were tested by western blot analysis. The results showed that lead-induced kidney histological change was attenuated by SSa. Lead-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, and MDA production were also suppressed by SSa. Meanwhile, lead could decrease GSH level and SOD activity and the decreases were inhibited by SSa. Furthermore, we found SSa significantly inhibited lead-induced NF-κB translocation. In addition, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased by the treatment of SSa and Keap1 expression was decreased by SSa. In conclusion, this study indicated that SSa inhibited lead-induced kidney injury in carp through suppressing inflammatory and oxidative responses, and the mechanism may be involved in the inhibition of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haowen Sun
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Siyuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Electrical Diagnosis, The Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guanghong Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hang Gao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Long A, Jones SRM. Piscirickettsia salmonis shedding and tissue burden, and hematological responses during cohabitation infections in chum Oncorhynchus keta, pink O. gorbuscha and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0248098. [PMID: 33667267 PMCID: PMC7935282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0248098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salmonid rickettsial septicemia is an emergent and geographically widespread disease of marine-farmed salmonids caused by infection with the water-borne bacterium Piscirickettsia salmonis. Very little is known about the route, timing, or magnitude of bacterial shedding from infected fish. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS A cohabitation challenge model was used to assess shedding from chum Oncorhynchus keta, pink O. gorbuscha and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar. Infections in donor fish were established by intraperitoneal injection of P. salmonis. Naïve recipients were cohabitated with donor fish after which cumulative percent morbidity and mortality (CMM) was monitored, and bacterial burdens in kidney and in tank water were measured by qPCR. All donor fish died with mean days-to-death (MDD) among species ranging from 17.5 to 23.9. Among recipients, CMM ranged from 42.7% to 77.8% and MDD ranged from 49.7 to 56.4. In each trial, two peaks of bacterial DNA concentrations in tank water closely aligned with the MDD values of donor and recipient fish. Bacterial tissue burden and shedding rate, and plasma physiological parameters were obtained from individual donors and recipients. Statistically significant positive correlations between the shedding rate and P. salmonis kidney burden were measured in donor pink and in donor and recipient chum salmon, but not in donor or recipient Atlantic salmon. In Atlantic salmon, there was a negative correlation between kidney bacterial burden and hematocrit, plasma Ca++ and Mg++ values, whereas in infected chum salmon the correlation was positive for Na+ and Cl- and negative for glucose. CONCLUSIONS A dependency of bacterial shedding on species-specific patterns of pathogenesis was suggested. The coincidence of bacterial shedding with mortality will inform pathogen transmission models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Long
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Simon R. M. Jones
- Pacific Biological Station, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Nanaimo, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Yu G, Liu Y, Ou W, Dai J, Ai Q, Zhang W, Mai K, Zhang Y. The protective role of daidzein in intestinal health of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) fed soybean meal-based diets. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3352. [PMID: 33558631 PMCID: PMC7870896 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Soybean meal-induced enteropathy (SBMIE) is prevalent in aquaculture. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of daidzein on SBMIE of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) by feeding with fish meal diet (FM), soybean meal diet (SBM, 40% fish meal protein in FM replaced by soybean meal protein) and daidzein diet (DAID, 40 mg/kg daidzein supplemented to SBM) for 12 weeks. We found that daidzein supplementation elevated the gene expression of anti-inflammatory cytokine TGF-β, decreased gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and signal molecules p38, JNK and NF-κB. SBM up-regulated the genes expression related to oxidative stress and apoptosis, but dietary daidzein restored it to the similar level with that in FM group. Moreover, dietary daidzein up-regulated gene expression of tight junction protein, and modified the intestinal microbial profiles with boosted relative abundance of phylum Proteobacteria and Deinococcus-Thermus, genera Sphingomonas and Thermus, species Lactococcus lactis, and decreased abundance of some potential pathogenic bacteria. In conclusion, dietary daidzein could ameliorate SBM-induced intestinal inflammatory response, oxidative stress, mucosal barrier injury and microbiota community disorder of turbot. Moreover, p38, JNK and NF-κB signaling might be involved in the anti-inflammatory process of daidzein, and daidzein itself might act as an antioxidant to resist SBM-induced oxidative damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijuan Yu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Weihao Ou
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jihong Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qinghui Ai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Wenbing Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Kangsen Mai
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanjiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Feed (Ministry of Agriculture), and the Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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Roychowdhury P, Aftabuddin M, Pati MK. Thermal stress-induced oxidative damages in the liver and associated death in fish, Labeo rohita. Fish Physiol Biochem 2021; 47:21-32. [PMID: 33058003 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00880-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Fish mortality generally occurs during extreme summer temperatures in India which are apprehended to be more frequent in near future and may reduce the fish population, particularly in closed aquatic systems. This present study is conducted with the objectives to find out heat shock and associated oxidative stress responses that occurred in selected fish Labeo rohita due to extremely high water temperature (treated, 37-38 °C against control, 28-30 °C) exposure for 2 weeks. Calculated mortality was 30% during the experimental period. The results revealed the biomolecules associated with both the anti-oxidative response (reduced glutathione in serum, liver, muscle; catalase activity in liver, muscle; superoxide dismutase gene expression in the liver) and the heat shock response (hsp70 gene expression in the liver) were elevated under thermal stress. Pro-inflammatory responses (expression of complement protein 3, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase in the liver) and oxidative damages (lipid peroxidation in all studied tissue and DNA fragmentation in the liver) were more under thermal stress. Extreme thermal stress induced by partial lethal temperature exposure in this study led to the activation of both the heat shock response and the anti-oxidative response. However, these responses were not elicited to the level so that they can protect from oxidative damages and inflammation in the liver of all the studied fish that caused partial mortality in fish. Thermal stress-induced hepatotoxicity caused fish death which was documented for the first time in freshwater fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasun Roychowdhury
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CIFRI), Barrackpore, India
- Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
| | - Mohammad Aftabuddin
- Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute (ICAR-CIFRI), Barrackpore, India.
| | - Manoj Kumar Pati
- Department of Fishery Sciences, Vidyasagar University, Midnapore, India
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Vineetha VP, Devika P, Prasitha K, Anilkumar TV. Tinospora cordifolia ameliorated titanium dioxide nanoparticle-induced toxicity via regulating oxidative stress-activated MAPK and NRF2/Keap1 signaling pathways in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108908. [PMID: 33022381 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TNP) has been suggested for use in fish farms to prevent or alleviate bacterial diseases owing to its bactericidal property. Unfortunately, the interaction of TNP with cells impaired the host defenses of fish resulting in increased mortality during bacterial challenges. The present study evaluated the efficacy of the ethanolic extract of Tinospora cordifolia (TCE) as a dietary supplement in ameliorating TNP induced toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The fishes were exposed to environmentally relevant concentration (10 mg/L) of TNP for 14 days and the effect of TCE supplemented feed at 3 different doses (5, 10, and 15 g/kg) was studied. TCE signally increased the weight gain, specific growth rate, and decreased feed conversion ratio in fish. TCE significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorated the toxic effects caused by TNP by increasing the antioxidant (CAT, SOD, GPx) activity and decreasing the levels of serum enzymes (ALT, AST, ALP, ACP), macromolecular oxidation, excessive ROS production, and pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, INF-γ, TNF-α, PGE-2). TNP bioaccumulation and histopathological alterations in gill, liver, and kidney were also significantly alleviated by TCE supplementation. TCE perceptibly regulated the expression of heat shock proteins (HSP60, -70), MAPKs (pERK1/2, pp38), antioxidant (NRF2, Keap1, HO-1), apoptotic (p53, PDRG1), and anti-apoptotic (AKT, Bcl2) proteins in fish. Regarding disease resistance, the TCE co-treated groups showed reduced cumulative mortality and higher relative percent survival with A. hydrophila. Our results suggest that TNP-induced apoptosis is mediated by the MAPK/NRF2/Keap1 pathway and underlines the therapeutic potential of TCE in aqua-farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadavanath Prabhakaran Vineetha
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi 682506, Kerala, India.
| | - Pillai Devika
- Department of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Krishnakumar Prasitha
- School of Ocean Science and Technology, Kerala University of Fisheries and Ocean Studies, Panangad, Kochi 682506, Kerala, India
| | - Thapasimuthu Vijayamma Anilkumar
- Division of Experimental Pathology, Biomedical Technology Wing, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, Kerala, India
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Pontigo JP, Yañez A, Sanchez P, Vargas-Chacoff L. Characterization and expression analysis of Nod-like receptor 3 (NLRC3) against infection with Piscirickettsia salmonis in Atlantic salmon. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 114:103865. [PMID: 32918929 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 09/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide binding oligomerization domain like receptors, or NOD like receptors (NLRs), are intracellular receptors responsible for recognizing pathogens in vertebrates. Several NLR mammalian models have been characterized and analyzed but few studies have been performed with teleost species. In this study, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of six mRNA variants of NLRC3 in Atlantic salmon (SsNLRC3), and we deduced the amino acid sequence coding for two different isoforms with a total length of 1135 amino acids and 1093 amino acids. We analyzed the phylogeny of all variants, including a Piscirickettsia salmonis infection in Atlantic salmon. All variants and their expression pattern during infection were analyzed using real-time qPCR. One of the analyzed variants was over-expressed during the early stages of Piscirickettsia salmonis infection, and we were able to identify two different SsNLRC3 isoforms. Lastly, we observed that an alteration in the amino acid sequence of one of the isoforms can directly affect the pathogen recognition function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Pontigo
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología Aplicada, Facultad de Medicina Veterianaria, Universidad San Sebastián, Lago Panguipulli 1390, Puerto Montt, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
| | - Alejandro Yañez
- Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Interdisciplinary Center for Aquaculture Research (INCAR), Concepción, Chile.
| | - Patricio Sanchez
- Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Luis Vargas-Chacoff
- Centro Fondap de Investigación de Altas Latitudes (IDEAL), Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile.
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Malik MS, Bjørgen H, Nyman IB, Wessel Ø, Koppang EO, Dahle MK, Rimstad E. PRV-1 Infected Macrophages in Melanized Focal Changes in White Muscle of Atlantic Salmon ( Salmo salar) Correlates With a Pro-Inflammatory Environment. Front Immunol 2021; 12:664624. [PMID: 33995395 PMCID: PMC8116804 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.664624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanized focal changes in white skeletal muscle of farmed Atlantic salmon, "black spots", is a quality problem affecting on average 20% of slaughtered fish. The spots appear initially as "red spots" characterized by hemorrhages and acute inflammation and progress into black spots characterized by chronic inflammation and abundant pigmented cells. Piscine orthoreovirus 1 (PRV-1) was previously found to be associated with macrophages and melano-macrophages in red and black spots. Here we have addressed the inflammatory microenvironment of red and black spots by studying the polarization status of the macrophages and cell mediated immune responses in spots, in both PRV-1 infected and non-infected fish. Samples that had been collected at regular intervals through the seawater production phase in a commercial farm were analyzed by multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) and RT-qPCR methods. Detection of abundant inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS2) expressing M1-polarized macrophages in red spots demonstrated a pro-inflammatory microenvironment. There was an almost perfect co-localization with the iNOS2 expression and PRV-1 infection. Black spots, on the other side, had few iNOS2 expressing cells, but a relatively high number of arginase-2 expressing anti-inflammatory M2-polarized macrophages containing melanin. The numerous M2-polarized melano-macrophages in black spots indicate an ongoing healing phase. Co-localization of PRV-1 and cells expressing CD8+ and MHC-I suggests a targeted immune response taking place in the spots. Altogether, this study indicates that PRV-1 induces a pro-inflammatory environment that is important for the pathogenesis of the spots. We do not have indication that infection of PRV-1 is the initial causative agent of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Salman Malik
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Håvard Bjørgen
- Section of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Ingvild Berg Nyman
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Øystein Wessel
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Section of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
| | - Maria K. Dahle
- Department of Fish Health, Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
| | - Espen Rimstad
- Section of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Ås, Norway
- *Correspondence: Espen Rimstad,
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Liang D, Yang Q, Tan B, Dong X, Chi S, Liu H, Zhang S. Dietary vitamin A deficiency reduces growth performance, immune function of intestine, and alters tight junction proteins of intestine for juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 107:346-356. [PMID: 33068761 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This study was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary vitamin A (VA) on growth performance, antioxidant capacity, digestion, intestinal immune response, and mRNA expression of intestinal tight junction proteins for juvenile hybrid grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂). Six isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated to obtain VA levels (317, 1136, 2038, 4142, 7715, 15204 IU/kg diet, respectively). The triplicate groups of fish (average weight of 9.01 ± 0.27 g) were fed twice daily (8:00 and 16:00) for 7 weeks. Based on the broken-line analysis model of WG and LYZ activity, the dietary VA requirement of hybrid grouper were estimated to be 2688.58 and 4096.36 IU/kg diet. The results showed that VA deficiency or excess could reduce Weight gain, specific growth rate, and protein efficiency ratio, and increase feed conversion ratio and hepatosomatic index (P < 0.05). In addition, VA deficiency could reduce the serum activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), superoxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity and increase the malondialdehyde content (P < 0.05). VA deficiency also could reduce intestinal activities of ACP, alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme, complement 3, complement 4 contents, and activities of alpha-amylase, lipase, and trypsin (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, VA deficiency could reduce villus height in proximal intestine (PI) and mid intestine (MI), as well as muscle thickness in PI and distal intestine (DI) (P < 0.05). Moreover, VA deficiency could down-regulated antimicrobial peptides (β-defensin, Hepcidin [not in MI and DI], Epinecidin), anti-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin 10 and transforming growth factor β1 [not in DI]), tight junction proteins (occluding and claudin3) mRNA levels in the PI, MI and DI, and up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor α [not in MI] and interleukin 1β [not in MI]), signaling molecules c-Rel and p65 (P < 0.05). Collectively, VA deficiency could reduce growth performance because of a negative effect on intestinal health by depressing digestive abilities, intestinal morphology, immunity and tight junction function in the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dazhi Liang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Qihui Yang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China.
| | - Beiping Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China.
| | - Xiaohui Dong
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Shuyan Chi
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Hongyu Liu
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
| | - Shuang Zhang
- Laboratory of Aquatic Nutrition and Feed, College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524088, China; Aquatic Animals Precision Nutrition and High Efficiency Feed Engineering Research Center of Guangdong Province, Guangdong, 524088, China
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Taccardi EY, Bricknell IR, Byron CJ. Stable isotopes reveal contrasting trophic dynamics between host-parasite relationships: A case study of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and parasitic lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis and Argulus foliaceus). J Fish Biol 2020; 97:1821-1832. [PMID: 32944965 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.14546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Across existing fish host-parasite literature, endoparasites were depleted in δ15 N compared to their hosts, while ectoparasitic values demonstrated enrichment, depletion and equivalence relative to their hosts. δ13 C enrichment varied extensively for both endo- and ectoparasites across taxa and host tissues. In our case study, sea lice (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) were enriched in δ15 N relative to their farmed Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hosts, although the value contradicted the average that is currently assumed across the animal kingdom. Common fish lice (Argulus foliaceus) did not show a consistent trend in δ15 N compared to their wild S. salar hosts. Both parasitic species had a range of δ13 C enrichment patterns relative to their hosts. Farmed and wild S. salar had contrasting δ13 C and δ15 N, and signals varied across muscle, fin and skin within both groups. L. salmonis and A. foliaceus subsequently had unique δ13 C and δ15 N, and L. salmonis from opposite US coasts differed in δ15 N. Given the range of enrichment patterns that were exhibited across the literature and in our study system, trophic dynamics from host to parasite do not conform to traditional prey to predator standards. Furthermore, there does not appear to be a universal enrichment pathway for δ13 C nor δ15 N in parasitic relationships, which emphasizes the need to investigate host-parasite linkages across species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Y Taccardi
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Ian R Bricknell
- School of Marine Sciences, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | - Carrie J Byron
- Aquaculture Research Institute, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
- School of Marine Programs, University of New England, Biddeford, Maine, USA
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Biller JD, Takahashi LS, Urbinati EC. Under stress conditions, pacu Piaractus mesopotamicus modulates the metabolic allostatic load even after Dolops carvalhoi challenge to maintain self-protection mechanisms. Fish Physiol Biochem 2020; 46:1309-1321. [PMID: 32236770 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-020-00789-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Fish metabolic allostatic dynamics, when animal present physiological modifications that can be strategies to survive, are important for promoting changes to ensure whole body self-protection and survival in chronic states of stress. To determine the impact of sequential stressors on pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), fish were subjected to two trials of stressful treatments, administration of exogenous dietary cortisol, and parasite challenge. The first experiment consisted of a two-day acute stress trial and the second, an eight-day chronic stress trial, and after both experiments, fish parasite susceptibility was assessed with the ectoparasite Dolops carvalhoi challenge. Physiological changes in response to acute trial were observed in glycogen, cortisol, glucose, osmolarity, sodium, calcium, chloride, potassium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells and mean corpuscular volume, and white blood cell (P < 0.05), whereas response to chronic trial were observed in glycogen, osmolarity, potassium, calcium, chloride, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte (P < 0.05). Acute trials caused physiological changes, however those changes did not induce the consumption of hepatic glycogen. Chronic stress caused physiological changes that induced hepatic glycogen consumption. Under acute trial, stress experience was important to fish to achieve homeostasis after chronic stress. Changes were important to modulate the response to stressor, improve body health status, and overcome the extra stressor with D. carvalhoi challenge. The experiments demonstrate that pacu initiate strategic self-protective metabolic dynamics in acute states of stress that ensure the maintenance of important life processes in front of sequential stressors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline Dalbello Biller
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651, Dracena, SP, CEP 17900-000, Brazil.
| | - Leonardo Susumu Takahashi
- College of Agricultural and Technological Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Rod. Cmte João Ribeiro de Barros, Km 651, Dracena, SP, CEP 17900-000, Brazil
| | - Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati
- Aquaculture Center of UNESP, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane s/n, Jaboticabal, SP, CEP 14884-900, Brazil
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Stiller KT, Kolarevic J, Lazado CC, Gerwins J, Good C, Summerfelt ST, Mota VC, Espmark ÅMO. The Effects of Ozone on Atlantic Salmon Post-Smolt in Brackish Water-Establishing Welfare Indicators and Thresholds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E5109. [PMID: 32698319 PMCID: PMC7404298 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Ozone is a strong oxidant, and its use in aquaculture has been shown to improve water quality and fish health. At present, it is predominantly used in freshwater systems due to the high risk of toxic residual oxidant exposure in brackish water and seawater. Here, we report the effects of ozone on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) post-smolts (~100 g), in a brackish water (12 ppt) flow-through system. Salmon were exposed to oxidation reduction potential concentrations of 250 mV (control), 280 mV (low), 350 mV (medium), 425 mV (high) and 500 mV (very high). The physiological impacts of ozone were characterized by blood biochemical profiling, histopathologic examination and gene expression analysis in skin and gills. Fish exposed to 425 mV and higher showed ≥33% cumulative mortality in less than 10 days. No significant mortalities were recorded in the remaining groups. The skin surface quality and the thickness of the dermal and epidermal layers were not significantly affected by the treatments. On the other hand, gill histopathology showed the adverse effects of increasing ozone doses and the changes were more pronounced in the group exposed to 350 mV and higher. Cases of gill damages such as necrosis, lamellar fusion and hypertrophy were prevalent in the high and very high groups. Expression profiling of key biomarkers for mucosal health supported the histology results, showing that gills were significantly more affected by higher ozone doses compared to the skin. Increasing ozone doses triggered anti-oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in the gills, where transcript levels of glutathione reductase, copper/zinc superoxide dismutase, interleukin 1β and interleukin were significantly elevated. Heat shock protein 70 was significantly upregulated in the skin of fish exposed to 350 mV and higher. Bcl-2 associated x protein was the only gene marker that was significantly upregulated by increasing ozone doses in both mucosal tissues. In conclusion, the study revealed that short-term exposure to ozone at concentrations higher than 350 mV in salmon in brackish water resulted in significant health and welfare consequences, including mortality and gill damages. The results of the study will be valuable in developing water treatment protocols for salmon farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin T. Stiller
- Nofima AS, NO 9291 Tromsø, Norway; (J.K.); (C.C.L.); (J.G.); (V.C.M.); (Å.M.O.E.)
| | - Jelena Kolarevic
- Nofima AS, NO 9291 Tromsø, Norway; (J.K.); (C.C.L.); (J.G.); (V.C.M.); (Å.M.O.E.)
| | - Carlo C. Lazado
- Nofima AS, NO 9291 Tromsø, Norway; (J.K.); (C.C.L.); (J.G.); (V.C.M.); (Å.M.O.E.)
| | - Jascha Gerwins
- Nofima AS, NO 9291 Tromsø, Norway; (J.K.); (C.C.L.); (J.G.); (V.C.M.); (Å.M.O.E.)
| | - Christopher Good
- The Conservation Fund’s Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USA; (C.G.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Steven T. Summerfelt
- The Conservation Fund’s Freshwater Institute, Shepherdstown, WV 25443, USA; (C.G.); (S.T.S.)
| | - Vasco C. Mota
- Nofima AS, NO 9291 Tromsø, Norway; (J.K.); (C.C.L.); (J.G.); (V.C.M.); (Å.M.O.E.)
| | - Åsa M. O. Espmark
- Nofima AS, NO 9291 Tromsø, Norway; (J.K.); (C.C.L.); (J.G.); (V.C.M.); (Å.M.O.E.)
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Menanteau-Ledouble S, Nöbauer K, Razzazi-Fazeli E, El-Matbouli M. Effects of Yersinia ruckeri invasion on the proteome of the Chinook salmon cell line CHSE-214. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11840. [PMID: 32678312 PMCID: PMC7366648 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68903-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Yersinia ruckeri is an important bacterial pathogen of fish, in particular salmonids, it has been associated with systemic infections worldwide and, like many enteric bacteria, it is a facultative intracellular pathogen. However, the effect of Y. ruckeri's interactions with the host at the cellular level have received little investigation. In the present study, a culture of Chinook Salmon Embryo (CHSE) cell line was exposed to Y. ruckeri. Afterwards, the proteins were investigated and identified by mass spectrometry and compared to the content of unexposed cultures. The results of this comparison showed that 4.7% of the identified proteins were found at significantly altered concentrations following infection. Interestingly, infection with Y. ruckeri was associated with significant changes in the concentration of surface adhesion proteins, including a significantly decreased presence of β-integrins. These surface adhesion molecules are known to be the target for several adhesion molecules of Yersiniaceae. The concentration of several anti-apoptotic regulators (HSP90 and two DNAj molecules) appeared similarly downregulated. Taken together, these findings suggest that Y. ruckeri affects the proteome of infected cells in a notable manner and our results shed some light on the interaction between this important bacterial pathogen and its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Menanteau-Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Katharina Nöbauer
- VetCore Facility for Research, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
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Zhang W, Jia K, Jia P, Xiang Y, Lu X, Liu W, Yi M. Marine medaka heat shock protein 90ab1 is a receptor for red-spotted grouper nervous necrosis virus and promotes virus internalization through clathrin-mediated endocytosis. PLoS Pathog 2020; 16:e1008668. [PMID: 32639977 PMCID: PMC7371229 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Nervous necrosis virus (NNV) can infect many species of fish and causes serious acute or persistent infection. However, its pathogenic mechanism is still far from clear. Specific cellular surface receptors are crucial determinants of the species tropism of a virus and its pathogenesis. Here, the heat shock protein 90ab1 of marine model fish species marine medaka (MmHSP90ab1) was identified as a novel receptor of red-spotted grouper NNV (RGNNV). MmHSP90ab1 interacted directly with RGNNV capsid protein (CP). Specifically, MmHSP90ab1 bound to the linker region (LR) of CP through its NM domain. Inhibition of MmHSP90ab1 by HSP90-specific inhibitors or MmHSP90ab1 siRNA caused significant inhibition of viral binding and entry, whereas its overexpression led to the opposite effect. The binding of RGNNV to cultured marine medaka hMMES1 cells was inhibited by blocking cell surface-localized MmHSP90ab1 with anti-HSP90β antibodies or pretreating virus with recombinant MmHSP90ab1 or MmHSP90ab1-NM protein, indicating MmHSP90ab1 was an attachment receptor for RGNNV. Furthermore, we found that MmHSP90ab1 formed a complex with CP and marine medaka heat shock cognate 70, a known NNV receptor. Exogenous expression of MmHSP90ab1 independently facilitated the internalization of RGNNV into RGNNV impenetrable cells (HEK293T), which was blocked by chlorpromazine, an inhibitor of clathrin-dependent endocytosis. Further study revealed that MmHSP90ab1 interacted with the marine medaka clathrin heavy chain. Collectively, these data suggest that MmHSP90ab1 is a functional part of the RGNNV receptor complex and involved in the internalization of RGNNV via the clathrin endocytosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanwan Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China
| | - Kuntong Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (KJ); (MY)
| | - Peng Jia
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China
| | - Yangxi Xiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaobing Lu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China
| | - Meisheng Yi
- School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering, Guangdong, China
- * E-mail: (KJ); (MY)
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Helland-Riise SH, Vindas MA, Johansen IB, Nadler LE, Weinersmith KL, Hechinger RF, Øverli Ø. Brain-encysting trematodes ( Euhaplorchis californiensis) decrease raphe serotonergic activity in California killifish ( Fundulus parvipinnis). Biol Open 2020; 9:bio049551. [PMID: 32439741 PMCID: PMC7358127 DOI: 10.1242/bio.049551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modulation of brain serotonin (5-HT) signalling is associated with parasite-induced changes in host behaviour, potentially increasing parasite transmission to predatory final hosts. Such alterations could have substantial impact on host physiology and behaviour, as 5-HT serves multiple roles in neuroendocrine regulation. These effects, however, remain insufficiently understood, as parasites have been associated with both increased and decreased serotonergic activity. Here, we investigated effects of trematode Euhaplorchis californiensis metacercariae on post-stress serotonergic activity in the intermediate host California killifish (Fundulus parvipinnis). This parasite is associated with conspicuous behaviour and increased predation of killifish by avian end-hosts, as well as inhibition of post-stress raphe 5-HT activity. Until now, laboratory studies have only been able to achieve parasite densities (parasites/unit host body mass) well below those occurring in nature. Using laboratory infections yielding ecologically relevant parasite loads, we show that serotonergic activity indeed decreased with increasing parasite density, an association likely indicating changes in 5-HT neurotransmission while available transmitter stores remain constant. Contrary to most observations in the literature, 5-HT activity increased with body mass in infected fish, indicating that relationships between parasite load and body mass may in many cases be a real underlying factor for physiological correlates of body size. Our results suggest that parasites are capable of influencing brain serotonergic activity, which could have far-reaching effects beyond the neurophysiological parameters investigated here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siri H Helland-Riise
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway 1407
| | - Marco A Vindas
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway 1407
| | - Ida B Johansen
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway 1407
| | - Lauren E Nadler
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway 1407
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Ryan F Hechinger
- Marine Biology Research Division, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Øyvind Øverli
- Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Oslo, Norway 1407
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Sun L, Sarath Babu V, Qin Z, Su Y, Liu C, Shi F, Zhao L, Li J, Chen K, Lin L. Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) infection alters striped snakehead (Ophicephalus striatus) cells (SSN-1) glutamine metabolism and apoptosis pathways. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:36-46. [PMID: 32289513 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) causes enormous economic losses in snakehead fish (Ophicephalus striatus) culture. Understanding replication mechanisms of virus is considerable significance in preventing and treating viral disease. In our previous studies, we have reported that glutamine starvation could significant inhibit the replication of SHVV. Furthermore, we also showed that SHVV infection could cause apoptosis of striped snakehead fish cells (SSN-1). However, the underlying mechanisms remain enigmatic. To decipher the relationships among the viral infection, glutamine starvation and apoptosis, SSN-1 cells transcriptomic profilings of SSN-1 cells infected with or without SHVV under glutamine deprived condition were analyzed. RNA-seq was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Our data revealed that 1215 up-regulated and 226 down-regulated genes at 24 h post-infection were involved in MAPK, apoptosis, RIG-1-like and toll-like receptors pathways and glutamine metabolism. Subsequently, DEGs of glutamine metabolism and apoptosis pathways were selected to validate the sequencing data by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression patterns of both transcriptomic data and qRT-PCR were consistent. We observed that lack of glutamine alone could cause mild cellular apoptosis. However, lack of glutamine together with SHVV infection could synergistically enhance cellular apoptosis. When the cells were cultured in complete medium with glutamine, overexpression of glutaminase (GLS), an essential enzyme for glutamine metabolism, could significantly enhance the SHVV replication. While, SHVV replication was decreased in cells when GLS was knocked down by specific siRNA, indicating that glutamine metabolism was essential for viral replication. Furthermore, the expression level of caspase-3 and Bax was significantly decreased in SHVV infected cells with GLS overexpression. By contrast, they were significantly increased in SHVV infected cells with GLS silence by SiRNA, indicating that SHVV infection activated the Bax and caspase-3 pathways to induce apoptosis independent of glutamine. Our results reveal that SHVV replication and starvation of glutamine could synergistically promote the cellular apoptosis, which will pave a new way for developing strategies against the vial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindan Sun
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China; Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - V Sarath Babu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Zhendong Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Youlu Su
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Chun Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Fei Shi
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Lijuan Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China
| | - Jun Li
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, 49783, USA
| | - Keping Chen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Institute of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China.
| | - Li Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Water Environment and Aquatic Products Security Engineering Technology Research Center, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Diseases and Waterfowl Breeding, College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510225, China; School of Biological Sciences, Lake Superior State University, Sault Ste. Marie, MI, 49783, USA.
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Menanteau–Ledouble S, Gotesman M, Razzazi‐Fazeli E, Bergmann SM, El‐Matbouli M. Elucidation of putative binding partners for the protein encoded by ORF149 of cyprinid herpesvirus 3 in goldfish (Carassius auratus). J Fish Dis 2020; 43:707-710. [PMID: 32323354 PMCID: PMC7318325 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Menanteau–Ledouble
- Clinical Division of Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
| | - Michael Gotesman
- Department of BiologyNew York City College of Technology of the City University of New YorkBrooklynNYUSA
- Protein DivisionIbex Biosciences LLCCumberlandMDUSA
| | | | - Sven M. Bergmann
- Federal Research Institute for Animal HealthFriedrich‐Loeffler InstitutGreifswald‐Insel RiemsGermany
| | - Mansour El‐Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish MedicineDepartment for Farm Animals and Veterinary Public HealthUniversity of Veterinary MedicineViennaAustria
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49
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Sudhagar A, El-Matbouli M, Kumar G. Identification and Expression Profiling of Toll-Like Receptors of Brown Trout ( Salmo trutta) during Proliferative Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3755. [PMID: 32466538 PMCID: PMC7312180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21113755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Proliferative kidney disease is an emerging disease among salmonids in Europe and North America caused by the myxozoan parasite Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae. The decline of endemic brown trout (Salmo trutta) in the Alpine streams of Europe is fostered by T. bryosalmonae infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of pattern recognition receptors that acts as sentinels of the immune system against the invading pathogens. However, little is known about the TLRs' response in salmonids against the myxozoan infection. In the present study, we identified and evaluated TLR1, TLR19, and TLR13-like genes of brown trout using data-mining and phylogenetic analysis. The expression pattern of TLRs was examined in the posterior kidney of brown trout infected with T. bryosalmonae at various time points. Typical Toll/interleukin-1 receptor protein domain was found in all tested TLRs. However, TLR13-like chr2 had a short amino acid sequence with no LRR domain. Phylogenetic analysis illustrated that TLR orthologs are conserved across vertebrates. Similarly, a conserved synteny gene block arrangement was observed in the case of TLR1 and TLR19 across fish species. Interestingly, all tested TLRs showed their maximal relative expression from 6 to 10 weeks post-exposure to the parasite. Our results suggest that these TLRs may play an important role in the innate defense mechanism of brown trout against the invading T. bryosalmonae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Sudhagar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (M.E.-M.)
- Central Institute of Fisheries Education, Rohtak Centre, Haryana 124411, India
| | - Mansour El-Matbouli
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (M.E.-M.)
| | - Gokhlesh Kumar
- Clinical Division of Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria; (A.S.); (M.E.-M.)
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50
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Wang JL, Wang HQ, Mo ZQ, Zhou L, Luo XC, Li AX, Li YW, Dan XM. Orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides) NADPH oxidase: Cloning and expression analysis after Cryptocaryon irritans infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 99:291-300. [PMID: 32058095 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Phagocytic cells are activated to produce a large amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill pathogens quickly and efficiently through oxidation. NADPH oxidase is the main source of intracellular ROS. In the present study, five subunits of the phagocytic NADPH oxidase complex were identified in orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides). The open reading frame of grouper gp91phox, p22phox, p67phox, p47phox, and p40phox were 1,698 bp, 564 bp, 1,497 bp, 1,290 bp, and 1,050 bp, respectively, and encoded 565, 187, 498, 429, and 349 amino acids. Evolutionary analysis indicated that these proteins are evolutionarily homologous to the corresponding proteins of other fish and mammals, and contain conserved functional domains and sites that are important in mammals. In addition, real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that the expression of these five genes was higher in immune-related tissues in normal grouper, and that these genes were up-regulated in gill and spleen after C. irritans infection, which suggests that these genes may be involved in the defense against C. irritans infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu-Le Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hai-Qing Wang
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ze-Quan Mo
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ling Zhou
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Luo
- School of Bioscience and Bioengineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - An-Xing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol/Guangdong Provincial Key Lab for Aquatic Economic Animals, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Yan-Wei Li
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| | - Xue-Ming Dan
- Joint Laboratory of Guangdong Province and Hong Kong Regions on Marine Bioresource Conservation and Exploitation, College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
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