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Li X, Xu M, Yang J, Zhou L, Liu L, Li M, Wang S, Liu MQ, Huang Z, Zhang Z, Liu S, Hu Y, Lin H, Liu B, Sun Y, Wu Q, Shi ZL, Lan K, Chen Y, Yan H, Chen YQ. Nasal vaccination of triple-RBD scaffold protein with flagellin elicits long-term protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants including JN.1. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:114. [PMID: 38678055 PMCID: PMC11055866 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01822-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is critical for combatting the epidemic. Here, we investigated long-term immune responses and protection against SARS-CoV-2 for the intranasal vaccination of a triple receptor-binding domain (RBD) scaffold protein (3R-NC) adjuvanted with a flagellin protein (KFD) (3R-NC + KFDi.n). In mice, the vaccination elicited RBD-specific broad-neutralizing antibody responses in both serum and mucosal sites sustained at high level over a year. This long-lasting humoral immunity was correlated with the presence of long-lived RBD-specific IgG- and IgA-producing plasma cells, alongside the Th17 and Tfh17-biased T-cell responses driven by the KFD adjuvant. Based upon these preclinical findings, an open labeled clinical trial was conducted in individuals who had been primed with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (IAV) vaccine. With a favorable safety profile, the 3R-NC + KFDi.n boost elicited enduring broad-neutralizing IgG in plasma and IgA in salivary secretions. To meet the challenge of frequently emerged variants, we further designed an updated triple-RBD scaffold protein with mutated RBD combinations, which can induce adaptable antibody responses to neutralize the newly emerging variants, including JN.1. Our findings highlight the potential of the KFD-adjuvanted triple-RBD scaffold protein is a promising prototype for the development of a mucosal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Li
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxin Xu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jingyi Yang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Li
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shasha Wang
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei-Qin Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhixiang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuning Liu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yunqi Hu
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Haofeng Lin
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Bowen Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Sun
- Aerosol Bio-Tech (Suzhou) Co., LTD, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qingguo Wu
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zheng-Li Shi
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - Huimin Yan
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.
- Vaccine and Immunology Research Center, Translational Medical Research Institute, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Yao-Qing Chen
- School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China.
- National Medical Products Administration Key Laboratory for Quality Monitoring and Evaluation of Vaccines and Biological Products, Sun Yat-sen University, Guanzhou, China.
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Sokol OO, Nikitin NA, Evtushenko EA, Karpova OV, Matveeva IN, Gryn SA, Popova VM, Ivanov IV, Fedorov YN, Litenkova IY. Protective Activity of Inactivated Rabies Vaccine Using Flagellin-Based Adjuvant. Biochemistry (Mosc) 2024; 89:574-582. [PMID: 38648774 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297924030155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Rabies is a zoonotic disease with high lethality. Most human deaths are associated with the bites received from dogs and cats. Vaccination is the most effective method of preventing rabies disease in both animals and humans. In this study, the ability of an adjuvant based on recombinant Salmonella typhimurium flagellin to increase protective activity of the inactivated rabies vaccine in mice was evaluated. A series of inactivated dry culture vaccine for dogs and cats "Rabikan" (strain Shchelkovo-51) with addition of an adjuvant at various dilutions were used. The control preparation was a similar series of inactivated dry culture vaccine without an adjuvant. Protective activity of the vaccine preparations was evaluated by the NIH potency test, which is the most widely used and internationally recommended method for testing effectiveness of the inactivated rabies vaccines. The value of specific activity of the tested rabies vaccine when co-administered with the adjuvant was significantly higher (48.69 IU/ml) than that of the vaccine without the adjuvant (3.75 IU/ml). Thus, recombinant flagellin could be considered as an effective adjuvant in the composition of future vaccine preparations against rabies virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga O Sokol
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, Moscow Region, 141142, Russia
| | - Nikolai A Nikitin
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | | | - Olga V Karpova
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Irina N Matveeva
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, Moscow Region, 141142, Russia
- Shchelkovo Biocombinat Federal State Enterprise, Biocombinat, Moscow Region, 141142, Russia
| | - Svetlana A Gryn
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, Moscow Region, 141142, Russia
| | - Vera M Popova
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, Moscow Region, 141142, Russia
| | - Igor V Ivanov
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, Moscow Region, 141142, Russia
| | - Yuri N Fedorov
- All-Russian Scientific Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry, Biocombinat, Moscow Region, 141142, Russia
| | - Irina Y Litenkova
- Shchelkovo Biocombinat Federal State Enterprise, Biocombinat, Moscow Region, 141142, Russia
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Cao M, Platre MP, Tsai HH, Zhang L, Nobori T, Armengot L, Chen Y, He W, Brent L, Coll NS, Ecker JR, Geldner N, Busch W. Spatial IMA1 regulation restricts root iron acquisition on MAMP perception. Nature 2024; 625:750-759. [PMID: 38200311 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-023-06891-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Iron is critical during host-microorganism interactions1-4. Restriction of available iron by the host during infection is an important defence strategy, described as nutritional immunity5. However, this poses a conundrum for externally facing, absorptive tissues such as the gut epithelium or the plant root epidermis that generate environments that favour iron bioavailability. For example, plant roots acquire iron mostly from the soil and, when iron deficient, increase iron availability through mechanisms that include rhizosphere acidification and secretion of iron chelators6-9. Yet, the elevated iron bioavailability would also be beneficial for the growth of bacteria that threaten plant health. Here we report that microorganism-associated molecular patterns such as flagellin lead to suppression of root iron acquisition through a localized degradation of the systemic iron-deficiency signalling peptide Iron Man 1 (IMA1) in Arabidopsis thaliana. This response is also elicited when bacteria enter root tissues, but not when they dwell on the outer root surface. IMA1 itself has a role in modulating immunity in root and shoot, affecting the levels of root colonization and the resistance to a bacterial foliar pathogen. Our findings reveal an adaptive molecular mechanism of nutritional immunity that affects iron bioavailability and uptake, as well as immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Cao
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Matthieu Pierre Platre
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Huei-Hsuan Tsai
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ling Zhang
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Tatsuya Nobori
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Laia Armengot
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Yintong Chen
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Wenrong He
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Lukas Brent
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Nuria S Coll
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, Spain
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joseph R Ecker
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Genomic Analysis Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Niko Geldner
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Busch
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
- Integrative Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA.
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Abstract
How flagellins from commensals evade innate immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Clasen
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Biology, Tübingen, Germany
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5
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Vogl T, Kalka IN, Klompus S, Leviatan S, Weinberger A, Segal E. Systemic antibody responses against human microbiota flagellins are overrepresented in chronic fatigue syndrome patients. Sci Adv 2022; 8:eabq2422. [PMID: 36149952 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq2422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a debilitating disease with an unclear etiology and pathogenesis. Both an involvement of the immune system and gut microbiota dysbiosis have been implicated in its pathophysiology. However, potential interactions between adaptive immune responses and the microbiota in ME/CFS have been incompletely characterized. Here, we profiled antibody responses of patients with severe ME/CFS and healthy controls against microbiota and viral antigens represented as a phage-displayed 244,000 variant library. Patients with severe ME/CFS exhibited distinct serum antibody epitope repertoires against flagellins of Lachnospiraceae bacteria. Training machine learning algorithms on this antibody-binding data demonstrated that immune responses against gut microbiota represent a unique layer of information beyond standard blood tests, providing improved molecular diagnostics for ME/CFS. Together, our results point toward an involvement of the microbiota-immune axis in ME/CFS and lay the foundation for comparative studies with inflammatory bowel diseases and illnesses characterized by long-term fatigue symptoms, including post-COVID-19 syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Vogl
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Iris N Kalka
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Shelley Klompus
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Sigal Leviatan
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Adina Weinberger
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Eran Segal
- Department of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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6
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Zhao BR, Wang XX, Wang XW. Shoc2 recognizes bacterial flagellin and mediates antibacterial Erk/Stat signaling in an invertebrate. PLoS Pathog 2022; 18:e1010253. [PMID: 35073369 PMCID: PMC8812994 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellin is a key bacterial virulence factor that can stimulate molecular immune signaling in both animals and plants. The detailed mechanisms of recognizing flagellin and mounting an efficient immune response have been uncovered in vertebrates; however, whether invertebrates can discriminate flagellin remains largely unknown. In the present study, the homolog of human SHOC2 leucine rich repeat scaffold protein in kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus), designated MjShoc2, was found to interact with Vibrio anguillarum flagellin A (FlaA) using yeast two-hybrid and pull-down assays. MjShoc2 plays a role in antibacterial response by mediating the FlaA-induced expression of certain antibacterial effectors, including lectin and antimicrobial peptide. FlaA challenge, via MjShoc2, led to phosphorylation of extracellular regulated kinase (Erk), and the subsequent activation of signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat), ultimately inducing the expression of effectors. Therefore, by establishing the FlaA/MjShoc2/Erk/Stat signaling axis, this study revealed a new antibacterial strategy in shrimp, and provides insights into the flagellin sensing mechanism in invertebrates. Flagellin sensing has been proven as a general antibacterial strategy. Recognition of bacterial flagellin by the transmembrane receptor toll like receptor 5 (TLR5) leads to the activation of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway and induction of proinflammatory cytokines, while recognition by the intracellular nucleotide-binding leucine-rich (NLR) receptor leads to caspase-activation and cytokines-expression. Although flagellin is an effective immune stimulator that induces antimicrobial peptides in Drosophila and in crustaceans, how an invertebrate host senses flagellin and mounts an immune response is poorly understood. Here, we used the flagellin (FlaA) from Vibrio anguillarum, a pathogen of shrimp, as a bait protein to screen a yeast two-hybrid library derived from kuruma shrimp (Marsupenaeus japonicus). We found a scaffold protein, MjShoc2, able to interact with FlaA. We also found that FlaA could effectively induce the expression of certain recognized antibacterial effectors in shrimp depending on MjShoc2. We revealed that extracellular regulated kinase (Erk) phosphorylation occurred downstream of FlaA/MjShoc2, and led to signal transducer and activator of transcription (Stat) activation, resulting in transcription of certain effectors. Therefore our study provides new insights into the FlaA-induced molecular immunity in invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Rui Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin-Xin Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xian-Wei Wang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Cells and Developmental Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
- * E-mail:
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7
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Song H, Zhang S, Yang B, Liu Y, Kang Y, Li Y, Qian A, Yuan Z, Cong B, Shan X. Effects of four different adjuvants separately combined with Aeromonas veronii inactivated vaccine on haematoimmunological state, enzymatic activity, inflammatory response and disease resistance in crucian carp. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 120:658-673. [PMID: 34500055 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to explore the immunomodulatory effects of different adjuvants combined with inactivated vaccines under Aeromonas veronii TH0426 infection in crucian carp. This study explored the best conditions for A. veronii as an inactivated vaccine, and included an animal safety test. Furthermore, we expressed the flagellin FlaA of the A. veronii TH0426 strain for use as an adjuvant supplemented in the diet. Crucian carp were fed 12 different experimental diets for 35 days, including the administration of 10 different adjuvants and inactivated vaccine combinations (50% aluminum hydroxide gel and inactivated vaccine combination, and inactivated vaccine with 20%, 30%, or 50% glucan, astragalus polysaccharide or flagellin), inactivated vaccine alone, and PBS control without adjuvant and inactivated vaccine. After the 42 day feeding trials, the fish were challenged with A. veronii TH0426, and the survival rate over 14 days was recorded. In addition, flagellin FlaA can be expressed normally in large amounts. All experimental groups produced higher levels of IgM serum titres than the control group in the different feeding cycles. Moreover, the activity of serum ACP, AKP, SOD, and LZM, and the expression of inflammatory factors were significantly increased in the experimental groups compared with the control group. The results of qRT-PCR analysis showed that the transcription levels of the IL-10, IL-1β, IFN-γ and TNF-α genes in heart, liver, spleen and kidney tissues were significantly enhanced by adjuvant treatment, indicating that the addition of adjuvants can significantly promote the body's inflammatory response. In addition, the phagocytic activity of leukocytes in each adjuvant treated group was significantly enhanced compared to that in the groups without adjuvant. After the A. veronii challenge, the survival rate of all adjuvant-treated groups was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the 50% flagellin adjuvant group had the highest rate of 78.37%. Overall, our findings strongly indicate that adjuvants not only significantly improve the body's immunity, but also exhibit a strong anti-infection ability. Importantly, this work provides a new perspective for the prevention and control of aquaculture diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichao Song
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Siqi Zhang
- Dunhua Agricultural and Rural Bureau, Dunhua, Jilin, China
| | - Bintong Yang
- Marine College, Shandong University, Weihai, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Jilin Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | | | - Ying Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Aidong Qian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Zhonghua Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bo Cong
- Institute of Special Animal and Plant Sciences of CAAS, Changchun, Jilin, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Shan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Provincial Engineering Research Center of Animal Probiotics, Key Laboratory of Animal Production and Product Quality Safety of Ministry of Education, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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8
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Yu X, Gao S, Xu J, Zhao Y, Lu Y, Deng N, Lin H, Zhang Y, Lu D. The flagellin of Vibrio parahaemolyticus induces the inflammatory response of Tetraodon nigroviridis through TLR5M. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 120:102-110. [PMID: 34737057 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio parahaemolyticus is an important marine pathogen that cause inflammation even death in teleost. It has brought huge economic losses to aquaculture and serious threats to the sustainable development of marine fisheries. Here, we isolated the DNA, RNA, and total flagellin from V. parahaemolyticus, and obtained the primary spleen and head kidney cells (including leukocytes) from Tetraodon nigroviridis. V. parahaemolyticus DNA, RNA, and total flagellin were used to treat the T. nigroviridis primary cells described above. The results show that the nitric oxide (NO) production and respiratory burst response were significantly induced after stimulation with V. parahaemolyticus total flagellin in T. nigroviridis head kidney and spleen cells. And total flagellin could promote the gene expression and protein production of IL-1β in T. nigroviridis leukocytes. T. nigroviridis TLR5M (TnTLR5M) and TLR5S (TnTLR5S) ORF sequences were obtained as the main recognition receptor for flagellin. Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the expression of pattern recognition receptor TnTLR5M and TnTLR5S, the important signal molecule of inflammatory system TnMyD88 and TnTRAF6, and inflammatory cytokines TnIL-1β and TnIFN-γ2. The results show that there were a significant upregulation after challenge with V. parahaemolyticus total flagellin. We further demonstrated that the total flagellin of V. parahaemolyticus could activate the luciferase activity of the NF-κB reporter gene mediated by TnTLR5M. Overall, our results suggest that V. parahaemolyticus total flagellin activated the NO production, respiratory burst response, and inflammatory cytokines expressions, such as TnIL-1β and TnIFN-γ2, through the TnTLR5M-NF-κB signaling pathway in T. nigroviridis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Songze Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Jiachang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Yulin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Yuyou Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Niuniu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China
| | - Haoran Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China; College of Ocean, Hainan University, Haikou, 570228, PR China
| | - Yong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266235, PR China; Guangdong South China Sea Key Laboratory of Aquaculture for Aquatic Economic Animals, Fisheries College, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, 524088, PR China.
| | - Danqi Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Aquatic Economic Animals and Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, PR China.
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Jiang W, Shi L, Cai L, Wang X, Li J, Li H, Liang J, Gu Q, Ji G, Li J, Liu L, Sun M. A two-adjuvant multiantigen candidate vaccine induces superior protective immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110112. [PMID: 34863353 PMCID: PMC8610932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
An ideal vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 is expected to elicit broad immunity to prevent viral infection and disease, with efficient viral clearance in the upper respiratory tract (URT). Here, the N protein and prefusion-full S protein (SFLmut) are combined with flagellin (KF) and cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) to generate a candidate vaccine, and this vaccine elicits stronger systemic and mucosal humoral immunity than vaccines containing other forms of the S protein. Furthermore, the candidate vaccine administered via intranasal route can enhance local immune responses in the respiratory tract. Importantly, human ACE2 transgenic mice given the candidate vaccine are protected against lethal SARS-CoV-2 challenge, with superior protection in the URT compared with that in mice immunized with an inactivated vaccine. In summary, the developed vaccine can elicit a multifaceted immune response and induce robust viral clearance in the URT, which makes it a potential vaccine for preventing disease and infection of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenwen Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Li Shi
- Laboratory of Immunogenetics, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Lukui Cai
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jingyan Li
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Infection, Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiangli Liang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Qin Gu
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Guang Ji
- Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jing Li
- Laboratory of Respiratory Infection, Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Longding Liu
- Laboratory of Respiratory Infection, Kunming National High-level Biosafety Research Center, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
| | - Mingbo Sun
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China; Laboratory of Vaccine Development, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science & Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
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10
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González-Stegmaier R, Peña A, Villarroel-Espíndola F, Aguila P, Oliver C, MacLeod-Carey D, Rozas-Serri M, Enriquez R, Figueroa J. Full recombinant flagellin B from Vibrio anguillarum (rFLA) and its recombinant D1 domain (rND1) promote a pro-inflammatory state and improve vaccination against P. salmonis in Atlantic salmon (S. salar). Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 117:103988. [PMID: 33359361 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Flagellin is the major component of the flagellum, and a ligand for Toll-like receptor 5. As reported, recombinant flagellin (rFLA) from Vibrio anguillarum and its D1 domain (rND1) are able to promote in vitro an upregulation of pro-inflammatory genes in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) macrophages. This study evaluated the in vitro and in vivo stimulatory/adjuvant effect for rFLA and rND1 during P. salmonis vaccination in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We demonstrated that rFLA and rND1 are molecules able to generate an acute upregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-8, IL-12β), allowing the expression of genes associated with T-cell activation (IL-2, CD4, CD8β), and differentiation (IFNγ, IL-4/13, T-bet, Eomes, GATA3), in a differential manner, tissue/time dependent way. Altogether, our results suggest that rFLA and rND1 are valid candidates to be used as an immuno-stimulant or adjuvants with existing vaccines in farmed salmon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxana González-Stegmaier
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile; Laboratorio Medicina Traslacional. Instituto Clínico Oncológico. Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Andrea Peña
- Laboratorio Pathovet Ltda, Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Franz Villarroel-Espíndola
- Laboratorio Medicina Traslacional. Instituto Clínico Oncológico. Fundación Arturo López Pérez, Santiago, Chile
| | - Patricia Aguila
- Escuela de Tecnología Médica, Universidad Austral de Chile, Sede Puerto Montt, Chile
| | - Cristian Oliver
- Laboratorio de Inmunología y estrés de Organismos Acuáticos, Departamento de Patología Animal, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Desmond MacLeod-Carey
- Universidad Autónoma de Chile, Facultad de Ingeniería, Instituto de Ciencias Químicas Aplicadas, Polymers and Macromolecules Center, El Llano Subercaseaux, 2801, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ricardo Enriquez
- Laboratorio de Biotecnología y Patología Acuática, Instituto de Patología Animal, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Jaime Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular de Peces, Instituto de Bioquímica y Microbiología, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
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11
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Qin W, Brands X, van’t Veer C, F. de Vos A, Sirard JC, J. T. H. Roelofs J, P. Scicluna B, van der Poll T. Bronchial epithelial DNA methyltransferase 3b dampens pulmonary immune responses during Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009491. [PMID: 33793661 PMCID: PMC8043394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt)3b mediates de novo DNA methylation and modulation of Dnmt3b in respiratory epithelial cells has been shown to affect the expression of multiple genes. Respiratory epithelial cells provide a first line of defense against pulmonary pathogens and play a crucial role in the immune response during pneumonia caused by Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa, a gram-negative bacterium that expresses flagellin as an important virulence factor. We here sought to determine the role of Dntm3b in respiratory epithelial cells in immune responses elicited by P. aeruginosa. DNMT3B expression was reduced in human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells as well as in primary human and mouse bronchial epithelial cells grown in air liquid interface upon exposure to P. aeruginosa (PAK). Dnmt3b deficient human bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells produced more CXCL1, CXCL8 and CCL20 than control cells when stimulated with PAK, flagellin-deficient PAK (PAKflic) or flagellin. Dnmt3b deficiency reduced DNA methylation at exon 1 of CXCL1 and enhanced NF-ĸB p65 binding to the CXCL1 promoter. Mice with bronchial epithelial Dntm3b deficiency showed increased Cxcl1 mRNA expression in bronchial epithelium and CXCL1 protein release in the airways during pneumonia caused by PAK, which was associated with enhanced neutrophil recruitment and accelerated bacterial clearance; bronchial epithelial Dnmt3b deficiency did not modify responses during pneumonia caused by PAKflic or Klebsiella pneumoniae (an un-flagellated gram-negative bacterium). Dnmt3b deficiency in type II alveolar epithelial cells did not affect mouse pulmonary defense against PAK infection. These results suggest that bronchial epithelial Dnmt3b impairs host defense during Pseudomonas induced pneumonia, at least in part, by dampening mucosal responses to flagellin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanhai Qin
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Xanthe Brands
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis van’t Veer
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex F. de Vos
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Université de Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Joris J. T. H. Roelofs
- Department of Pathology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Brendon P. Scicluna
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tom van der Poll
- Center of Experimental & Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, location Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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12
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Soulier A, Prevosto C, Chol M, Deban L, Cranenburgh RM. Engineering a Novel Bivalent Oral Vaccine against Enteric Fever. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22063287. [PMID: 33807097 PMCID: PMC8005139 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22063287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Enteric fever is a major global healthcare issue caused largely by Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A. The objective of this study was to develop a novel, bivalent oral vaccine capable of protecting against both serovars. Our approach centred on genetically engineering the attenuated S. Typhi ZH9 strain, which has an excellent safety record in clinical trials, to introduce two S. Paratyphi A immunogenic elements: flagellin H:a and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) O:2. We first replaced the native S. Typhi fliC gene encoding flagellin with the highly homologous fliC gene from S. Paratyphi A using Xer-cise technology. Next, we replaced the S. Typhi rfbE gene encoding tyvelose epimerase with a spacer sequence to enable the sustained expression of O:2 LPS and prevent its conversion to O:9 through tyvelose epimerase activity. The resulting new strain, ZH9PA, incorporated these two genetic changes and exhibited comparable growth kinetics to the parental ZH9 strain. A formulation containing both ZH9 and ZH9PA strains together constitutes a new bivalent vaccine candidate that targets both S. Typhi and S. Paratyphi A antigens to address a major global healthcare gap for enteric fever prophylaxis. This vaccine is now being tested in a Phase I clinical trial (NCT04349553).
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Uthaman S, Pillarisetti S, Hwang HS, Mathew AP, Huh KM, Rhee JH, Park IK. Tumor Microenvironment-Regulating Immunosenescence-Independent Nanostimulant Synergizing with Near-Infrared Light Irradiation for Antitumor Immunity. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:4844-4852. [PMID: 33486952 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The combination of photothermal therapy (PTT) and toll-like receptor (TLR)-mediated immunotherapy can elicit antitumor immunity and modulate the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME). Unlike other TLRs, TLR-5 is a promising target for immune activation, as its expression is well-maintained even during immunosenescence. Here, we developed a unique tumor microenvironment-regulating immunosenescence-independent nanostimulant consisting of TLR-5 adjuvant Vibrio vulnificus flagellin B (FlaB) conjugated onto the surface to an IR 780-loaded hyaluronic acid-stearylamine (HIF) micelles. These HIF micelles induced immune-mediated cell death via PTT when irradiated with a near-infrared laser. In comparison with PTT alone, the combination of in situ-generated tumor-associated antigens produced during PTT and the immune adjuvant FlaB demonstrated enhanced vaccine-like properties and modulated the TME by suppressing immune-suppressive regulatory cells (Tregs) and increasing the fraction of CD103+ migratory dendritic cells, which are responsible for trafficking tumor antigens to draining lymph nodes (DLNs). This combinatorial strategy (i.e., applying a TLR-5 adjuvant targeted to immunosenescence-independent TLR-5 and the in situ photothermal generation of tumor-associated antigens) is a robust system for next-generation immunotherapy and could even be applied in elderly patients, thus broadening the clinical scope of immunotherapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saji Uthaman
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Shameer Pillarisetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Suk Hwang
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Ansuja Pulickal Mathew
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Moo Huh
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Chungnam National University, 99 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Joon Haeng Rhee
- Department of Microbiology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Kyu Park
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, 160 Baekseo-ro, Gwangju 58128, Republic of Korea
- Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy MRC, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University, Hwasun-gun, Jeonnam 58128, Republic of Korea
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14
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Gao Q, Yi S, Luo J, Xing Q, Lv J, Wang P, Wang C, Li Y. Construction of a Vibrio anguillarum flagellin B mutant and analysis of its immuno-stimulation effects on Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 174:457-465. [PMID: 33493561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Vibrio anguillarum is a globally distributed aquatic pathogen, and its flagellin B (FlaB) protein can evoke innate immune responses in hosts. In order to explore the role of FlaB in V. anguillarum infection, we constructed a FlaB-deficient mutant using overlapping PCR and two-step homologous recombination, and gene sequencing confirmed successful knockout of the FlaB gene. Scanning electron microscopy showed no significant differences in the morphological structure of the flagellum between wild-type and FlaB-deficient strains. The mutant was subsequently injected into the freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) to explore its pathogenicity in the host, and expression of myeloid differentiation factor 88, prophenoloxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase was investigated by real-time PCR. The results showed that deletion of FlaB had little effect on V. anguillarum-induced expression of these immune-related genes (p > 0.05). In general, the FlaB mutant displayed similar flagella morphology and immune characteristics to the wild-type strain, hence we speculated that knockout of FlaB might promote the expression and function of other flagellin proteins. Furthermore, this study provides a rapid and simple method for obtaining stable mutants of V. anguillarum free from foreign plasmid DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quanxin Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Shaokui Yi
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Jinping Luo
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xing
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Jiali Lv
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Panhuang Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China
| | - Cuihua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Marine and Estuarine Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture, East China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shanghai 200090, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yang Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Aquatic Resources Conservation and Development, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Genetic Breeding and Nutrition, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huzhou Cent Hosp, Huzhou University, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, PR China.
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15
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Wei Y, Balaceanu A, Rufian JS, Segonzac C, Zhao A, Morcillo RJL, Macho AP. An immune receptor complex evolved in soybean to perceive a polymorphic bacterial flagellin. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3763. [PMID: 32724132 PMCID: PMC7387336 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17573-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In both animals and plants, the perception of bacterial flagella by immune receptors elicits the activation of defence responses. Most plants are able to perceive the highly conserved epitope flg22 from flagellin, the main flagellar protein, from most bacterial species. However, flagellin from Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of the bacterial wilt disease, presents a polymorphic flg22 sequence (flg22Rso) that avoids perception by all plants studied to date. In this work, we show that soybean has developed polymorphic versions of the flg22 receptors that are able to perceive flg22Rso. Furthermore, we identify key residues responsible for both the evasion of perception by flg22Rso in Arabidopsis and the gain of perception by the soybean receptors. Heterologous expression of the soybean flg22 receptors in susceptible plant species, such as tomato, enhances resistance to bacterial wilt disease, demonstrating the potential of these receptors to enhance disease resistance in crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wei
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences; Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alexandra Balaceanu
- Institute for Research in Biomedicine (IRB Barcelona), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose S Rufian
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences; Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Cécile Segonzac
- Department of Plant Science, Plant Genomics and Breeding Institute, Research Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Achen Zhao
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences; Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rafael J L Morcillo
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences; Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences; Shanghai Institutes of Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201602, China.
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16
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Kreutzberger MAB, Ewing C, Poly F, Wang F, Egelman EH. Atomic structure of the Campylobacter jejuni flagellar filament reveals how ε Proteobacteria escaped Toll-like receptor 5 surveillance. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:16985-16991. [PMID: 32641510 PMCID: PMC7382276 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2010996117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates, from zebra fish to humans, have an innate immune recognition of many bacterial flagellins. This involves a conserved eight-amino acid epitope in flagellin recognized by the Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). Several important human pathogens, such as Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni, have escaped TLR5 activation by mutations in this epitope. When such mutations were introduced into Salmonella flagellin, motility was abolished. It was previously argued, using very low-resolution cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM), that C. jejuni accommodated these mutations by forming filaments with 7 protofilaments, rather than the 11 found in other bacteria. We have now determined the atomic structure of the C. jejuni G508A flagellar filament from a 3.5-Å-resolution cryo-EM reconstruction, and show that it has 11 protofilaments. The residues in the C. jejuni TLR5 epitope have reduced contacts with the adjacent subunit compared to other bacterial flagellar filament structures. The weakening of the subunit-subunit interface introduced by the mutations in the TLR5 epitope is compensated for by extensive interactions between the outer domains of the flagellin subunits. In other bacteria, these outer domains can be nearly absent or removed without affecting motility. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the stabilization of these outer domain interactions through glycosylation of key residues. These results explain the essential role of glycosylation in C. jejuni motility, and show how the outer domains have evolved to play a role not previously found in other bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A B Kreutzberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Cheryl Ewing
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Frederic Poly
- Enteric Diseases Department, Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, MD 20910
| | - Fengbin Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903
| | - Edward H Egelman
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903;
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17
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Rajamanickam S, Nakkeeran S. Flagellin of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens works as a resistance inducer against groundnut bud necrosis virus in chilli (Capsicum annuum L.). Arch Virol 2020; 165:1585-1597. [PMID: 32399789 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV), a member of the genus Tospovirus, has an extensive host range and is associated with necrosis disease of chilli (Capsicum annuum L.), which is a major threat to commercial production. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been investigated for their antiviral activity in several crops and for their potential use in viral disease management. However, the microbial mechanisms associated with PGPR in triggered immunity against plant viruses have rarely been studied. To understand the innate immune responses activated by Bacillus spp. against GBNV, we studied microbe-associated molecular pattern (MAMP) triggered immunity (MTI) in chilli using transient expression of the flagellin gene of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CRN9 from Agrobacterium clones, which also induced the expression of EAS1 gene transcripts coding for epi-aristolochene synthase, which is responsible for the accumulation of capsidiol phytoalexin. In addition, the transcript levels of WRKY33 transcription factor and salicylic acid (SA)-responsive defense genes such as NPR1, PAL, PO and SAR8.2 were increased. Jasmonate (JA)-responsive genes, viz., PDF, and LOX genes, were also upregulated in chilli plants challenged with GBNV. Further analysis revealed significant induction of these genes in chilli plants treated with B. amyloliquefaciens CRN9 and benzothiadiazole (BTH). The transcript levels of defense response genes and pathogenesis-related proteins were significantly higher in plants treated with Bacillus and BTH and remained significantly higher at 72 h post-inoculation and compared to the inoculated control. The plants treated with flagellin using the agrodrench method and exogenous treatment with B. amyloliquefaciens and BTH showed resistance to GBNV upon mechanical inoculation and a reduced virus titre which was confirmed by qPCR assays. Thus, transient expression of flagellin, a MAMP molecule from B. amyloliquefaciens CRN9, is able to trigger innate immunity and restrain virus growth in chilli via induced systemic resistance (ISR) activated by both the SA and JA/ET signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Rajamanickam
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India.
| | - S Nakkeeran
- Department of Plant Pathology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, 641 003, India
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18
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Levy H, Fiddaman SR, Vianna JA, Noll D, Clucas GV, Sidhu JKH, Polito MJ, Bost CA, Phillips RA, Crofts S, Miller GD, Pistorius P, Bonnadonna F, Le Bohec C, Barbosa A, Trathan P, Raya Rey A, Frantz LAF, Hart T, Smith AL. Evidence of Pathogen-Induced Immunogenetic Selection across the Large Geographic Range of a Wild Seabird. Mol Biol Evol 2020; 37:1708-1726. [PMID: 32096861 PMCID: PMC7253215 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msaa040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Over evolutionary time, pathogen challenge shapes the immune phenotype of the host to better respond to an incipient threat. The extent and direction of this selection pressure depend on the local pathogen composition, which is in turn determined by biotic and abiotic features of the environment. However, little is known about adaptation to local pathogen threats in wild animals. The Gentoo penguin (Pygoscelis papua) is a species complex that lends itself to the study of immune adaptation because of its circumpolar distribution over a large latitudinal range, with little or no admixture between different clades. In this study, we examine the diversity in a key family of innate immune genes-the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-across the range of the Gentoo penguin. The three TLRs that we investigated present varying levels of diversity, with TLR4 and TLR5 greatly exceeding the diversity of TLR7. We present evidence of positive selection in TLR4 and TLR5, which points to pathogen-driven adaptation to the local pathogen milieu. Finally, we demonstrate that two positively selected cosegregating sites in TLR5 are sufficient to alter the responsiveness of the receptor to its bacterial ligand, flagellin. Taken together, these results suggest that Gentoo penguins have experienced distinct pathogen-driven selection pressures in different environments, which may be important given the role of the Gentoo penguin as a sentinel species in some of the world's most rapidly changing environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hila Levy
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Juliana A Vianna
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Daly Noll
- Departamento de Ecosistemas y Medio Ambiente, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Macul, Santiago, Chile
- Departamento de Ciencias Ecológicas, Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gemma V Clucas
- Cornell Atkinson Center for a Sustainable Future, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | | | - Michael J Polito
- Department of Oceanography and Coastal Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Charles A Bost
- Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé (CEBC), UMR 7372 du CNRS‐Université de La Rochelle, Villiers‐en‐Bois, France
| | | | - Sarah Crofts
- Falklands Conservation, Stanley, Falkland Islands, United Kingdom
| | - Gary D Miller
- Microbiology and Immunology, PALM, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Pierre Pistorius
- DST/NRF Centre of Excellence at the Percy FitzPatrick Institute for African Ornithology, Department of Zoology, Nelson Mandela University, Port Elizabeth, South Africa
| | - Francesco Bonnadonna
- CEFE UMR 5175, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier, EPHE, Montpellier, France
| | - Céline Le Bohec
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC UMR 7178, Strasbourg, France
- Département de Biologie Polaire, Centre Scientifique de Monaco, Monaco, Principality of Monaco
| | - Andrés Barbosa
- Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Phil Trathan
- British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Andrea Raya Rey
- Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas – Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CADIC-CONICET), Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Instituto de Ciencias Polares, Ambiente y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Nacional de Tierra del Fuego, Ushuaia, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina
- Wildlife Conservation Society, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Laurent A F Frantz
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tom Hart
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Adrian L Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Renu S, Han Y, Dhakal S, Lakshmanappa YS, Ghimire S, Feliciano-Ruiz N, Senapati S, Narasimhan B, Selvaraj R, Renukaradhya GJ. Chitosan-adjuvanted Salmonella subunit nanoparticle vaccine for poultry delivered through drinking water and feed. Carbohydr Polym 2020; 243:116434. [PMID: 32532387 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.116434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Poor induction of mucosal immunity in the intestines by current Salmonella vaccines is a challenge to the poultry industry. We prepared and tested an oral deliverable Salmonella subunit vaccine containing immunogenic outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellin (F) protein loaded and F-protein surface coated chitosan nanoparticles (CS NPs) (OMPs-F-CS NPs). The OMPs-F-CS NPs had mean particle size distribution of 514 nm, high positive charge and spherical in shape. In vitro and in vivo studies revealed the F-protein surface coated CS NPs were specifically targeted to chicken immune cells. The OMPs-F-CS NPs treatment of chicken immune cells upregulated TLRs, and Th1 and Th2 cytokines mRNA expression. Oral delivery of OMPs-F-CS NPs in birds enhanced the specific systemic IgY and mucosal IgA antibodies responses as well as reduced the challenge Salmonella load in the intestines. Thus, user friendly oral deliverable chitosan-based Salmonella vaccine for poultry is a viable alternative to current vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yi Han
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Santosh Dhakal
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Yashavanth S Lakshmanappa
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Shristi Ghimire
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Ninoshkaly Feliciano-Ruiz
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
| | - Sujata Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Balaji Narasimhan
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, 50011, USA
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
| | - Gourapura J Renukaradhya
- Food Animal Health Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, 1680 Madison Avenue, Wooster, OH, 44691, USA; Department of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
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20
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Acevedo-Villanueva KY, Lester B, Renu S, Han Y, Shanmugasundaram R, Gourapura R, Selvaraj R. Efficacy of chitosan-based nanoparticle vaccine administered to broiler birds challenged with Salmonella. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231998. [PMID: 32330169 PMCID: PMC7182187 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the immune response of broilers vaccinated with Salmonella chitosan-nanoparticle (CNP) vaccine and challenged with Salmonella. The Salmonella CNP vaccine was synthesized with Salmonella enterica outer membrane proteins (OMPs) and flagellin proteins. In Experiment I, birds were orally gavaged with PBS or 500, 1000, or 2000μg of CNP vaccine 1 and 7d-of-age. At 14d-of-age, birds were orally challenged with 1 X 105 CFU/bird of live S. Enteritidis (SE). Macrophage-nitrite production 11d-post-challenge was higher (P<0.05) in the 500μg group when compared to the control. At d14 (8h-post-challenge), broilers vaccinated with 1000μg CNP had higher (P<0.05) serum anti-OMPs IgG and IgA and cloacal anti-OMP IgA amounts. At 11d-post-challenge, birds vaccinated with 1000μg CNP vaccine had greater (P<0.05) bile anti-OMP and anti-flagellin IgA amounts. At 11d-post-challenge, birds administered 1000μg CNP vaccine has increased (P<0.05) IL-1β and IL-10 mRNA in cecal tonsils. In Experiment II, birds were orally gavaged with PBS or 1000μg CNP or a live commercial vaccine at 1 and 7d-of-age. At 14d-of-age, birds were orally challenged with 1 X 105 CFU/bird of live SE or S. Heidelberg (SH). Birds vaccinated with CNP showed higher (P<0.05) serum anti-OMPs IgG amounts at 8h-post-challenge. At 4d-post-SH challenge, birds vaccinated with CNP had higher (P<0.05) bile anti-flagellin IgA amounts. CNP decreased (P<0.05) anti-OMPs IgG levels in serum at 2d-post-SE challenge and 4d-post-SH or SE challenge. Salmonella Enteritidis loads in cecal content at 2d-post-challenge was decreased (P<0.05) by 65.9% in birds vaccinated with CNP, when compared to the control. Chitosan-nanovaccine had no adverse effects on bird’s production performance. In conclusion, 1000μg CNP vaccine can induce a specific immune response against Salmonella and has the potential to mitigate SE cecal colonization in broiler birds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bailey Lester
- Department of Poultry Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Sankar Renu
- Food Animal Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
- Department Of Veterinary Preventive Medicine, College Of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Yi Han
- Food Animal Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Revathi Shanmugasundaram
- Department of Poultry Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Renukaradhya Gourapura
- Food Animal Research Program, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Ramesh Selvaraj
- Department of Poultry Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Kang W, Park A, Huh JW, You G, Jung DJ, Song M, Lee HK, Kim YM. Flagellin-Stimulated Production of Interferon-β Promotes Anti-Flagellin IgG2c and IgA Responses. Mol Cells 2020; 43:251-263. [PMID: 32131150 PMCID: PMC7103879 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2020.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 12/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellin, a major structural protein of the flagellum found in all motile bacteria, activates the TLR5- or NLRC4 inflammasomedependent signaling pathway to induce innate immune responses. Flagellin can also serve as a specific antigen for the adaptive immune system and stimulate anti-flagellin antibody responses. Failure to recognize commensal-derived flagellin in TLR5-deficient mice leads to the reduction in antiflagellin IgA antibodies at steady state and causes microbial dysbiosis and mucosal barrier breach by flagellated bacteria to promote chronic intestinal inflammation. Despite the important role of anti-flagellin antibodies in maintaining the intestinal homeostasis, regulatory mechanisms underlying the flagellin-specific antibody responses are not well understood. In this study, we show that flagellin induces interferon-β (IFN-β) production and subsequently activates type I IFN receptor signaling in a TLR5- and MyD88-dependent manner in vitro and in vivo . Internalization of TLR5 from the plasma membrane to the acidic environment of endolysosomes was required for the production of IFN-β, but not for other proinflammatory cytokines. In addition, we found that antiflagellin IgG2c and IgA responses were severely impaired in interferon-alpha receptor 1 (IFNAR1)-deficient mice, suggesting that IFN-β produced by the flagellin stimulation regulates anti-flagellin antibody class switching. Our findings shed a new light on the regulation of flagellin-mediated immune activation and may help find new strategies to promote the intestinal health and develop mucosal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wondae Kang
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Areum Park
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Ji-Won Huh
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Gihoon You
- Division of Integrative Biosciences & Biotechnology, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang 37673, Korea
| | - Da-Jung Jung
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - Manki Song
- International Vaccine Institute, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Heung Kyu Lee
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - You-Me Kim
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Korea
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22
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Abstract
The first layer of plant immunity is deployed by recognition of pathogen-associated molecule patterns (PAMPs) and induction of early stress responses. Flagellin is the major protein component of the flagellum. Flagellin-derived peptide fragments such as Flg22, a short active peptide derived from the highly conserved part of the N-terminal region, are recognized as PAMPs by a specific perception system present in most higher plants. Some bacteria evade the plant recognition system by altering the Flg22 region in the flagellin. Instead, a small subset of plants (i.e., solanaceous plants) can sense these bacteria by recognizing a second region, termed FlgII-28. The function of FlgII-28 has been well-documented in tomato but not in potato plants. Here, we investigated the effect of FlgII-28 on several defense responses in potato. Cytosolic calcium (Ca2+) elevation is an early defense response upon pathogenic infection. We generated transgenic potato plants expressing aequorin, a nontoxic Ca2+-activated photoprotein. The results showed that FlgII-28 induced strong cytosolic Ca2+ elevation in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the response was attenuated when a Ca2+ channel blocker was added. In addition, the FlgII-28-triggered cytosolic Ca2+ elevation was shown to subsequently promote extracellular alkalinization, reactive oxygen species production, mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation, and transcriptional reprogramming of defense-related genes in potato. Interestingly, all tested defense responses caused by FlgII-28 were significantly stronger than those caused by Flg22, suggesting that FlgII-28 acts as a primary flagellar PAMP to elicit multiple defense responses in potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Moroz
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, U.S.A
| | - Kiwamu Tanaka
- Department of Plant Pathology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6430, U.S.A
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23
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Tran HQ, Ley RE, Gewirtz AT, Chassaing B. Flagellin-elicited adaptive immunity suppresses flagellated microbiota and vaccinates against chronic inflammatory diseases. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5650. [PMID: 31827095 PMCID: PMC6906489 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alterations in gut microbiota composition are associated with metabolic syndrome and chronic inflammatory diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease. One feature of inflammation-associated gut microbiotas is enrichment of motile bacteria, which can facilitate microbiota encroachment into the mucosa and activate pro-inflammatory gene expression. Here, we set out to investigate whether elicitation of mucosal anti-flagellin antibodies by direct administration of purified flagellin might serve as a general vaccine against subsequent development of chronic gut inflammation. We show, in mice, that repeated injection of flagellin elicits increases in fecal anti-flagellin IgA and alterations in microbiota composition, reduces fecal flagellin concentration, prevents microbiota encroachment, protects against IL-10 deficiency-induced colitis, and ameliorates diet-induced obesity. Flagellin's impact on the microbiota is B-lymphocyte dependent and, in humans, obese subjects exhibit increased levels of fecal flagellin and reduced levels of fecal flagellin-specific IgA, relative to normal weight subjects. Thus, administration of flagellin, and perhaps other pathobiont antigens, may confer some protection against chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Q Tran
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ruth E Ley
- Department of Microbiome Science, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Benoit Chassaing
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity and Infection, Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- INSERM, U1016, team "Mucosal microbiota in chronic inflammatory diseases", Paris, France.
- Université de Paris, Paris, France.
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24
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Du X, Li D, Li Y, Wu J, Huang A, Bu G, Meng F, Kong F, Cao X, Han X, Pan X, Yu G, Yang S, Zeng X. Clone, identification and functional character of two toll-like receptor 5 molecules in Schizothorax prenanti. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 95:81-92. [PMID: 31610291 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Mammal Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) can directly recognize bacterial flagellin, initiate the inflammatory signaling cascades and trigger body immune system to clear the "non-self" substances. In teleosts, TLR5 has presented more complexes not only in increasing the molecular types, but also in elevating the functional diversity. In this study, we identified two TLR5 family members in Schizothorax prenanti, named as spTLR5-1 and spTLR5-2. The complete coding sequence (CDS) of spTLR5-1 is 2622 bp, encoding 873 amino acids, while the complete CDS of spTLR5-2 is 2640 bp, encoding 879 amino acids. Phylogenetic analysis showed that spTLR5-1 and spTLR5-2 were clustered to the TLR5 of schizothorax richardsonii and Cyprinus carpio respectively. The 3D structure analysis exhibited that the α-helix, β-sheet, and the ligand binding site of spTLR5-1, spTLR5-2 and human TLR5 have large differences. The spTLR5-1 and spTLR5-2 had extensively expressed in various tissues, including the higher expression in liver, spleen and head kidney. Both the expression levels of spTLR5-1 and spTLR5-2 were significantly up-regulated after Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) challenge. And, the downstream genes, such as AP-1, IKK-α, NF-kB, IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-α, were also significantly up-regulated after A. hydrophila challenge. Apart from that, the luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that the co-transfection of spTLR5-1 or spTLR5-2 into HEK293T cells showed the significantly increased NF-kB luciferase activity after flagellin stimulation. In conclusion, our results reveal that both two molecular types of fish TLR5 may commonly mediate the recognition of flagellin and the activation of the downstream inflammatory signaling molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaogang Du
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
| | - Dong Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yunkun Li
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiayu Wu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Anqi Huang
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Guixian Bu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fengyan Meng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fanli Kong
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaohan Cao
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xingfa Han
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaofu Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, PR China
| | - Guozhi Yu
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shiyong Yang
- Department of Aquaculture, Sichuan Agricultural University, 625014, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xianyin Zeng
- Department of Engineering and Applied Biology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, 625014, Sichuan, PR China.
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25
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Kramskaya T, Leontieva G, Desheva Y, Grabovskaya K, Gupalova T, Rudenko L, Suvorov A. Combined immunization with attenuated live influenza vaccine and chimeric pneumococcal recombinant protein improves the outcome of virus-bacterial infection in mice. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222148. [PMID: 31513620 PMCID: PMC6742370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza and its bacterial complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The effect of combined immunization with live influenza vaccine and recombinant chimeric pneumococcal protein in dual infection caused by influenza H1N1 and S. pneumoniae (serotype 3) has been studied. The combined vaccine consisted of the strain A/California/2009/38 (H1N1) pdm and chimeric recombinant protein PSPF composed of immunodominant fragments of the surface virulence factors of S. pneumoniae—PsaA, PspA, and Shr1875—associated with modified salmonella flagellin. Vaccinated mice were infected with the influenza virus 24 hours before or 24 hours after the onset of pneumococcal infection. The protective effect of combined vaccination was shown on both models of viral-bacterial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kramskaya
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - G. Leontieva
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- * E-mail:
| | - Yu. Desheva
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Fundamental Medicine and Medical Technologies, Faculty of Dentistry and Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - K. Grabovskaya
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - T. Gupalova
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - L. Rudenko
- Department of Virology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - A. Suvorov
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
- Department of Fundamental Medicine and Medical Technologies, Faculty of Dentistry and Medical Technologies, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
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26
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López-Yglesias AH, Lu CC, Zhao X, Chou T, VandenBos T, Strong RK, Smith KD. FliC's Hypervariable D3 Domain Is Required for Robust Anti-Flagellin Primary Antibody Responses. Immunohorizons 2019; 3:422-432. [PMID: 31488506 DOI: 10.4049/immunohorizons.1800061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial flagellin is a well-known agonist of the innate immune system that induces proinflammatory responses through the TLR5 and Naip5/6 recognition pathways. Several clinical trials investigating flagellin fusion proteins have demonstrated promising results for inducing protective immunity toward influenza virus, which has been largely attributed to flagellin's ability to activate TLR5. Our laboratory previously demonstrated that the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium flagellin protein, FliC, induces Ab responses in mice through a third pathway that is independent of TLR5, Casp1/11, and MyD88. In this study, we further define the structural features of FliC that contribute to this unknown third pathway. By destroying the Naip5/6 and TLR5 recognition sites, we demonstrate that neither were required for the TLR5-, inflammasome- and MyD88-independent Ab responses toward FliC. In contrast, deletion of FliC's D3 or D0/D1 domains eliminated primary anti-flagellin Ab responses. For optimal primary and secondary anti-flagellin Ab responses we show that TLR5, inflammasome recognition, and the D3 domain of FliC are essential for flagellin's robust immunogenicity. Our data demonstrate that the D3 domain of FliC influences immunogenicity independent of the known innate recognition sites in the D0/D1 domains to augment Ab production. Our results suggest full-length FliC is critical for optimal immunogenicity and Ab responses in flagellin-based vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chun-Chi Lu
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Xiaodan Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Tiffany Chou
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
| | - Tim VandenBos
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Roland K Strong
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109
| | - Kelly D Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195; and
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Bhandari D, Chen FC, Bridgman RC. Detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in Romaine Lettuce Using a Surface Plasmon Resonance Biosensor. Biosensors (Basel) 2019; 9:E94. [PMID: 31357708 PMCID: PMC6784360 DOI: 10.3390/bios9030094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Leafy vegetables have been associated with high-profile outbreaks causing severe illnesses. Timely and accurate identification of potential contamination is essential to ensure food safety. A surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay has been developed for the detection of Salmonella Typhimurium in leafy vegetables. The assay utilizes a pair of well characterized monoclonal antibodies specific to the flagellin of S. Typhimurium. Samples of romaine lettuce contaminated with S. Typhimurium at different levels (between 0.9 and 5.9 log cfu/g) were pre-enriched in buffered peptone water. Three SPR assay formats, direct assay, sequential two-step sandwich assay, and pre-incubation one-step sandwich assay were evaluated. All three assay formats detect well even at a low level of contamination (0.9 log cfu/g). The SPR assay showed a high specificity for the detection of S. Typhimurium in the presence of other commensal bacteria in the romaine lettuce samples. The results also suggested that further purification of flagellin from the sample preparation using immunomagnetic separation did not improve the detection sensitivity of the SPR assay. The functional protocol developed in this study can be readily used for the detection of S. Typhimurium in leafy vegetables with high sensitivity and specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devendra Bhandari
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA
| | - Fur-Chi Chen
- Department of Human Sciences, Tennessee State University, Nashville, TN 37209, USA.
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Giska F, Martin GB. PP2C phosphatase Pic1 negatively regulates the phosphorylation status of Pti1b kinase, a regulator of flagellin-triggered immunity in tomato. Biochem J 2019; 476:1621-1635. [PMID: 31097490 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Plant immune responses, including the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), are triggered when pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) become activated upon detection of microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs). Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases are key components of PRR-dependent signaling pathways. In tomato, two such kinases, Pti1a and Pti1b, are important positive regulators of the plant immune response. However, it is unknown how these kinases control plant immunity at the molecular level and how their activity is regulated. To investigate these issues, we used mass spectrometry to search for interactors of Pti1b in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and identified a PP2C protein phosphatase, referred to as Pic1. An in vitro pull-down assay and in vivo split-luciferase complementation assay verified this interaction. Pti1b was found to autophosphorylate on threonine-233, and this phosphorylation was abolished in the presence of Pic1. An arginine-to-cysteine substitution at position 240 in the Arabidopsis MARIS kinase was previously reported to convert it into a constitutive-active form. The analogous substitution in Pti1b made it resistant to Pic1 phosphatase activity, although it still interacted with Pic1. Treatment of N. benthamiana leaves with the MAMP flg22 induced threonine phosphorylation of Pti1b. The expression of Pic1, but not a phosphatase-inactive variant of this protein, in N. benthamiana leaves greatly reduced ROS production in response to treatment with MAMPs flg22 or csp22. The results indicate that Pic1 acts as a negative regulator by dephosphorylating the Pti1b kinase, thereby interfering with its ability to activate plant immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Giska
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
| | - Gregory B Martin
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A.
- Section of Plant Pathology and Plant-Microbe Biology, School of Integrative Plant Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, U.S.A
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Buscaill P, Chandrasekar B, Sanguankiattichai N, Kourelis J, Kaschani F, Thomas EL, Morimoto K, Kaiser M, Preston GM, Ichinose Y, van der Hoorn RAL. Glycosidase and glycan polymorphism control hydrolytic release of immunogenic flagellin peptides. Science 2019; 364:eaav0748. [PMID: 30975858 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav0748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Plants and animals recognize conserved flagellin fragments as a signature of bacterial invasion. These immunogenic elicitor peptides are embedded in the flagellin polymer and require hydrolytic release before they can activate cell surface receptors. Although much of flagellin signaling is understood, little is known about the release of immunogenic fragments. We discovered that plant-secreted β-galactosidase 1 (BGAL1) of Nicotiana benthamiana promotes hydrolytic elicitor release and acts in immunity against pathogenic Pseudomonas syringae strains only when they carry a terminal modified viosamine (mVio) in the flagellin O-glycan. In counter defense, P. syringae pathovars evade host immunity by using BGAL1-resistant O-glycans or by producing a BGAL1 inhibitor. Polymorphic glycans on flagella are common to plant and animal pathogenic bacteria and represent an important determinant of host immunity to bacterial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Buscaill
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | | | | | - Farnusch Kaschani
- ZMB Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Emma L Thomas
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kyoko Morimoto
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Markus Kaiser
- ZMB Chemical Biology, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Gail M Preston
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Yuki Ichinose
- The Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Japan
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Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of world-wide nosocomial acquired diarrhea in adults. Active vaccination is generally accepted as a logical and cost-effective approach to prevent CDI. In this paper, we have generated two novel chimeric proteins; one designated Tcd169, comprised of the glucosyltransferase domain (GT), the cysteine proteinase domain (CPD), and receptor binding domain (RBD) of TcdB, and the RBD of TcdA; the other designated Tcd169FI, which contains Salmonella typhimurium flagellin (sFliC) and Tcd169. Both proteins were expressed in and purified from Bacillus megaterium. Point mutations were made in the GT (W102A, D288N) and CPD (C698) of TcdB to ensure that Tcd169 and Tcd169FI were atoxic. Immunization with Tcd169 or Tcd169Fl induced protective immunity against TcdA/TcdB challenge through intraperitoneal injection, also provided mice full protection against infection with a hyper-virulent C. difficile strain (BI/NAP1/027). In addition, inclusion of sFlic in the fusion protein (Tcd169Fl) enhanced its protective immunity against toxin challenge, reduced C. difficile numbers in feces from Tcd169Fl-immunized mice infected C. difficile. Our data show that Tcd169 and Tcd169FI fusion proteins may represent alternative vaccine candidates against CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Yuanguo Wang
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ying Cai
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Ciaran P. Kelly
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xingmin Sun
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
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Vanmarsenille C, Elseviers J, Yvanoff C, Hassanzadeh-Ghassabeh G, Garcia Rodriguez G, Martens E, Depicker A, Martel A, Haesebrouck F, Pasmans F, Hernalsteens JP, De Greve H. In planta expression of nanobody-based designer chicken antibodies targeting Campylobacter. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0204222. [PMID: 30260981 PMCID: PMC6160005 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0204222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacteriosis is a widespread infectious disease, leading to a major health and economic burden. Chickens are considered as the most common infection source for humans. Campylobacter mainly multiplies in the mucus layer of their caeca. No effective control measures are currently available, but passive immunisation of chickens with pathogen-specific maternal IgY antibodies, present in egg yolk of immunised chickens, reduces Campylobacter colonisation. To explore this strategy further, anti-Campylobacter nanobodies, directed against the flagella and major outer membrane proteins, were fused to the constant domains of chicken IgA and IgY, combining the benefits of nanobodies and the effector functions of the Fc-domains. The designer chimeric antibodies were effectively produced in leaves of Nicotiana benthamiana and seeds of Arabidopsis thaliana. Stable expression of the chimeric antibodies in seeds resulted in production levels between 1% and 8% of the total soluble protein. These in planta produced antibodies do not only bind to their purified antigens but also to Campylobacter bacterial cells. In addition, the anti-flagellin chimeric antibodies are reducing the motility of Campylobacter bacteria. These antibody-containing Arabidopsis seeds can be tested for oral passive immunisation of chickens and, if effective, the chimeric antibodies can be produced in crop seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Vanmarsenille
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Viral Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Jelle Elseviers
- VIB Nanobody Core, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charlotte Yvanoff
- ARG VUB-UGent NanoMicrobiology, IJRG VUB-EPFL BioNanotechnology & NanoMedicine, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Gabriela Garcia Rodriguez
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Edo Martens
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Depicker
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, Ghent, Belgium
| | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Freddy Haesebrouck
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | | | - Henri De Greve
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Brussels, Belgium
- Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
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Wei Y, Caceres‐Moreno C, Jimenez‐Gongora T, Wang K, Sang Y, Lozano‐Duran R, Macho AP. The Ralstonia solanacearum csp22 peptide, but not flagellin-derived peptides, is perceived by plants from the Solanaceae family. Plant Biotechnol J 2018; 16:1349-1362. [PMID: 29265643 PMCID: PMC5999195 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ralstonia solanacearum, the causal agent of bacterial wilt disease, is considered one of the most destructive bacterial pathogens due to its lethality, unusually wide host range, persistence and broad geographical distribution. In spite of the extensive research on plant immunity over the last years, the perception of molecular patterns from R. solanacearum that activate immunity in plants is still poorly understood, which hinders the development of strategies to generate resistance against bacterial wilt disease. The perception of a conserved peptide of bacterial flagellin, flg22, is regarded as paradigm of plant perception of invading bacteria; however, no elicitor activity has been detected for R. solanacearum flg22. Recent reports have shown that other epitopes from flagellin are able to elicit immune responses in specific species from the Solanaceae family, yet our results show that these plants do not perceive any epitope from R. solanacearum flagellin. Searching for elicitor peptides from R. solanacearum, we found several protein sequences similar to the consensus of the elicitor peptide csp22, reported to elicit immunity in specific Solanaceae plants. A R. solanacearum csp22 peptide (csp22Rsol ) was indeed able to trigger immune responses in Nicotiana benthamiana and tomato, but not in Arabidopsis thaliana. Additionally, csp22Rsol treatment conferred increased resistance to R. solanacearum in tomato. Transgenic A. thaliana plants expressing the tomato csp22 receptor (SlCORE) gained the ability to respond to csp22Rsol and became more resistant to R. solanacearum infection. Our results shed light on the mechanisms for perception of R. solanacearum by plants, paving the way for improving current approaches to generate resistance against R. solanacearum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yali Wei
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Carlos Caceres‐Moreno
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Tamara Jimenez‐Gongora
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
- University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina
| | - Keke Wang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Yuying Sang
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Rosa Lozano‐Duran
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
| | - Alberto P. Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress BiologyCAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant SciencesShanghai Institutes of Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina
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Champion AE, Bandara AB, Mohapatra N, Fulton KM, Twine SM, Inzana TJ. Further Characterization of the Capsule-Like Complex (CLC) Produced by Francisella tularensis Subspecies tularensis: Protective Efficacy and Similarity to Outer Membrane Vesicles. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:182. [PMID: 29963499 PMCID: PMC6013578 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis is the etiologic agent of tularemia, and subspecies tularensis (type A) is the most virulent subspecies. The live vaccine strain (LVS) of subspecies holarctica produces a capsule-like complex (CLC) that consists of a large variety of glycoproteins. Expression of the CLC is greatly enhanced when the bacteria are subcultured in and grown on chemically defined medium. Deletion of two genes responsible for CLC glycosylation in LVS results in an attenuated mutant that is protective against respiratory tularemia in a mouse model. We sought to further characterize the CLC composition and to determine if a type A CLC glycosylation mutant would be attenuated in mice. The CLCs isolated from LVS extracted with 0.5% phenol or 1 M urea were similar, as determined by gel electrophoresis and Western blotting, but the CLC extracted with urea was more water-soluble. The CLC extracted with either 0.5% phenol or 1 M urea from type A strains was also similar to the CLC of LVS in antigenic properties, electrophoretic profile, and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The solubility of the CLC could be further enhanced by fractionation with Triton X-114 followed by N-Lauroylsarcosine detergents; the largest (>250 kDa) molecular size component appeared to be an aggregate of smaller components. Outer membrane vesicles/tubules (OMV/T) isolated by differential centrifugation and micro-filtration appeared similar to the CLC by TEM, and many of the proteins present in the OMV/T were also identified in soluble and insoluble fractions of the CLC. Further investigation is warranted to assess the relationship between OMV/T and the CLC. The CLC conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin or flagellin was highly protective against high-dose LVS intradermal challenge and partially protective against intranasal challenge. A protective response was associated with a significant rise in cytokines IL-12, IL-10, and IFN-γ. However, a type A CLC glycosylation mutant remained virulent in BALB/c mice, and immunization with the CLC did not protect mice against high dose respiratory challenge with type A strain SCHU S4.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Intranasal
- Animals
- Antigens, Bacterial/genetics
- Antigens, Bacterial/immunology
- Bacterial Capsules/genetics
- Bacterial Capsules/immunology
- Bacterial Vaccines/genetics
- Bacterial Vaccines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Flagellin/genetics
- Flagellin/immunology
- Francisella tularensis/genetics
- Francisella tularensis/metabolism
- Francisella tularensis/pathogenicity
- Genes, Bacterial/genetics
- Glycoproteins/genetics
- Glycoproteins/immunology
- Glycoproteins/isolation & purification
- Hemocyanins/genetics
- Hemocyanins/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mutagenesis
- Sequence Deletion
- Tularemia/immunology
- Tularemia/prevention & control
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Attenuated/genetics
- Vaccines, Attenuated/immunology
- Vaccines, Conjugate/genetics
- Vaccines, Conjugate/immunology
- Virulence Factors/genetics
- Virulence Factors/immunology
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E. Champion
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Aloka B. Bandara
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Nrusingh Mohapatra
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
| | - Kelly M. Fulton
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Susan M. Twine
- Institute for Biological Sciences, National Research Council Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Thomas J. Inzana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States
- Virginia Tech Carilion School of Medicine, Roanoke, VA, United States
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34
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Baliban SM, Curtis B, Toema D, Tennant SM, Levine MM, Pasetti MF, Simon R. Immunogenicity and efficacy following sequential parenterally-administered doses of Salmonella Enteritidis COPS:FliC glycoconjugates in infant and adult mice. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2018; 12:e0006522. [PMID: 29791435 PMCID: PMC6002111 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In sub-Saharan Africa, invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) infections with serovars S. Enteritidis, S. Typhimurium and I 4,[5],12:i:- are widespread in children < 5 years old. Development of an efficacious vaccine would provide an important public health tool to prevent iNTS disease in this population. Glycoconjugates of S. Enteritidis core and O-polysaccharide (COPS) coupled to the homologous serovar phase 1 flagellin protein (FliC) were previously shown to be immunogenic and protected adult mice against death following challenge with a virulent Malian S. Enteritidis blood isolate. This study extends these observations to immunization of mice in early life and also assesses protection with partial and full regimens. Anti-COPS and anti-FliC serum IgG titers were assessed in infant and adult mice after immunization with 1, 2 or 3 doses of S. Enteritidis COPS:FliC alone or co-formulated with aluminum hydroxide or monophosphoryl lipid A (MPL) adjuvants. S. Enteritidis COPS:FliC was immunogenic in both age groups, although the immune responses were quantitatively lower in infants. Kinetics of antibody production were similar for the native and adjuvanted formulations after three doses; conjugates formulated with MPL elicited significantly increased anti-COPS IgG titers in adult but not infant mice. Nevertheless, robust protection against S. Enteritidis challenge was seen for all three formulations when three doses were given either during infancy or as adults. We further found that significant protection could be achieved with two COPS:FliC doses, despite elicitation of modest serum anti-COPS IgG antibody titers. These findings guide potential immunization strategies that may be translated to develop a human pediatric iNTS vaccine for sub-Saharan Africa. Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica (NTS) serovars Enteritidis and Typhimurium (including monophasic variant I 4,[5],12:i:-) are significant causes of invasive bacterial disease amongst infants and toddlers in sub-Saharan Africa, and currently, there are no approved NTS vaccines. We have demonstrated previously that immunization with S. Enteritidis core and O-polysaccharide (COPS) conjugated to the flagellin protein (FliC) from the homologous serovar protected adult mice from fatal infection with a Malian S. Enteritidis blood isolate. The target population for iNTS vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa, however, are young infants. In the current study, we evaluated S. Enteritidis COPS:FliC vaccination during murine infancy or adulthood. We found that COPS:FliC was immunogenic in both adult and infant mice and that co-formulation with adjuvant impacted the magnitude and quality of the immune response. Despite these differences, all vaccine formulations protected against experimental challenge in both age groups. Furthermore, robust efficacy was attainable after only two COPS:FliC doses, coinciding with the appearance of COPS-specific antibodies. The results from this study suggest that S. Enteritidis COPS:FliC is a promising pediatric vaccine candidate for use in sub-Saharan Africa and may help inform potential immunization strategies for iNTS COPS:FliC conjugate vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott M. Baliban
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Brittany Curtis
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Deanna Toema
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Sharon M. Tennant
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Myron M. Levine
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcela F. Pasetti
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Raphael Simon
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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35
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Spencer EA, Davis SM, Mack DR, Boyle BM, Griffiths AM, LeLeiko NS, Sauer CG, Keljo DJ, Markowitz JF, Baker SS, Rosh JR, Baldassano RN, Oliva-Hemker M, Pfefferkorn MD, Otley AR, Heyman MB, Noe JD, Patel AS, Rufo PA, Alison Marquis M, Walters TD, Collins MH, Kugathasan S, Denson LA, Hyams JS, Dubinsky MC. Serologic Reactivity Reflects Clinical Expression of Ulcerative Colitis in Children. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2018; 24:1335-1343. [PMID: 29718391 PMCID: PMC6093192 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background In contrast to pediatric Crohn's disease (CD), little is known in pediatric ulcerative colitis (UC) about the relationship between disease phenotype and serologic reactivity to microbial and other antigens. Aim The aim of this study was to examine disease phenotype and serology in a well-characterized inception cohort of children newly diagnosed with UC during the PROTECT Study (Predicting Response to Standardized Pediatric Colitis Therapy). Methods Patients were recruited from 29 participating centers. Demographic, clinical, laboratory, and serologic (pANCA, ASCA IgA/IgG, Anti-CBir1, and Anti-OmpC) data were obtained from children 4-17 years old with UC. Results Sixty-five percent of the patients had positive serology for pANCA, with 62% less than 12 years old and 66% 12 years old or older. Perinuclear anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies did not correspond to a specific phenotype though pANCA ≥100, found in 19%, was strongly associated with pancolitis (P = 0.003). Anti-CBir1 was positive in 19% and more common in younger children with 32% less than 12 years old as compared with 14% 12 years old or older (P < 0.001). No association was found in any age group between pANCA and Anti-CBir1. Relative rectal sparing was more common in +CBir1, 16% versus 7% (P = 0.02). Calprotectin was lower in Anti-CBir1+ (Median [IQR] 1495 mcg/g [973-3333] vs 2648 mcg/g [1343-4038]; P = 0.04). Vitamin D 25-OH sufficiency was associated with Anti-CBir1+ (P = 0.0009). Conclusions The frequency of pANCA in children was consistent with adult observations. High titer pANCA was associated with more extensive disease, supporting the idea that the magnitude of immune reactivity may reflect disease severity. Anti-CBir1+ was more common in younger ages, suggesting host-microbial interactions may differ by patient age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sonia M Davis
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - David R Mack
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - Neal S LeLeiko
- Hasbro Children’s Hospital, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - David J Keljo
- Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh of UPMC, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Joel R Rosh
- Goryeb Children’s Hospital, Morristown, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Melvin B Heyman
- University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Joshua D Noe
- Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Paul A Rufo
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Alison Marquis
- Collaborative Studies Coordinating Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | - Lee A Denson
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Hyams
- Connecticut Children’s Medical Center, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marla C Dubinsky
- Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, New York, USA
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Vijayan A, Rumbo M, Carnoy C, Sirard JC. Compartmentalized Antimicrobial Defenses in Response to Flagellin. Trends Microbiol 2018; 26:423-435. [PMID: 29173868 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2017.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Motility is often a pathogenicity determinant of bacteria targeting mucosal tissues. Flagella constitute the machinery that propels bacteria into appropriate niches. Besides motility, the structural component, flagellin, which forms the flagella, targets Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) to activate innate immunity. The compartmentalization of flagellin-mediated immunity and the contribution of epithelial cells and dendritic cells in detecting flagellin within luminal and basal sides are highlighted here, respectively. While a direct stimulation of the epithelium mainly results in recruitment of immune cells and production of antimicrobial molecules, TLR5 engagement on parenchymal dendritic cells can contribute to the stimulation of innate lymphocytes such as type 3 innate lymphoid cells, as well as T helper cells. This review, therefore, illustrates how the innate and adaptive immunity to flagellin are differentially regulated by the epithelium and the dendritic cells in response to pathogens that either colonize or invade mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneesh Vijayan
- Université Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Martin Rumbo
- Instituto de Estudios Inmunológicos y Fisiopatológicos - CONICET - National Universtity of La Plata, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Christophe Carnoy
- Université Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Jean-Claude Sirard
- Université Lille, CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1019 - UMR8204 - CIIL - Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France.
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Flores-Langarica A, Müller Luda K, Persson EK, Cook CN, Bobat S, Marshall JL, Dahlgren MW, Hägerbrand K, Toellner KM, Goodall MD, Withers DR, Henderson IR, Johansson Lindbom B, Cunningham AF, Agace WW. CD103 +CD11b + mucosal classical dendritic cells initiate long-term switched antibody responses to flagellin. Mucosal Immunol 2018; 11:681-692. [PMID: 29346347 PMCID: PMC5912514 DOI: 10.1038/mi.2017.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Antibody responses induced at mucosal and nonmucosal sites demonstrate a significant level of autonomy. Here, we demonstrate a key role for mucosal interferon regulatory factor-4 (IRF4)-dependent CD103+CD11b+ (DP), classical dendritic cells (cDCs) in the induction of T-dependent immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) responses in the mesenteric lymph node (MLN) following systemic immunization with soluble flagellin (sFliC). In contrast, IRF8-dependent CD103+CD11b- (SP) are not required for these responses. The lack of this response correlated with a complete absence of sFliC-specific plasma cells in the MLN, small intestinal lamina propria, and surprisingly also the bone marrow (BM). Many sFliC-specific plasma cells accumulating in the BM of immunized wild-type mice expressed α4β7+, suggesting a mucosal origin. Collectively, these results suggest that mucosal DP cDC contribute to the generation of the sFliC-specific plasma cell pool in the BM and thus serve as a bridge linking the mucosal and systemic immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Flores-Langarica
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - K Müller Luda
- Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14 Sölvegatan 19, S-221 84. Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - E K Persson
- Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14 Sölvegatan 19, S-221 84. Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - C N Cook
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - S Bobat
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - J L Marshall
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - M W Dahlgren
- Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14 Sölvegatan 19, S-221 84. Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - K Hägerbrand
- Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14 Sölvegatan 19, S-221 84. Lund 22184, Sweden
| | - K M Toellner
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - M D Goodall
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - D R Withers
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - I R Henderson
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - B Johansson Lindbom
- Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14 Sölvegatan 19, S-221 84. Lund 22184, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - A F Cunningham
- Institute of Immunology & Immunotherapy, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
- Institute of Microbiology and Infection, College of Medical & Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - W W Agace
- Immunology Section, Lund University, BMC D14 Sölvegatan 19, S-221 84. Lund 22184, Sweden
- Division of Immunology and Vaccinology, National Veterinary Institute, Technical University of Denmark (DTU). Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Veenstra KA, Wangkahart E, Wang T, Tubbs L, Ben Arous J, Secombes CJ. Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) adipose tissue undergoes major changes in immune gene expression following bacterial infection or stimulation with pro-inflammatory molecules. Dev Comp Immunol 2018; 81:83-94. [PMID: 29126991 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In mammals, visceral adipose is increasingly seen as playing an important role in immune function with numerous pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating proteins and peptides being identified in adipocytes. Adipose is also now known as a tissue that has an important role in the regulation of peritoneal immune responses. Despite this, only lately has consideration been given to visceral adipose as an important immune tissue in fish, especially in the context of intraperitoneal vaccination. The present study demonstrates that fish visceral adipose is capable of expressing a large range of immune molecules in response to stimulation with a live bacterium (A. salmonicida), a bacterial PAMP (Y. ruckeri flagellin), and the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α3 and IFN-γ. Following infection and stimulation with flagellin and IL-1β a large upregulation of pro-inflammatory and antimicrobial molecules was seen, with a high degree of overlap. TNF-α treatment affected relatively few genes and the effects were more modest. IFN-γ had the smallest impact on adipose but IFN-γ inducible genes showed some of the largest effects. Overall, it is clear that adipose tissue should be considered an active immune site in fish, capable of participating in and influencing immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Veenstra
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - Eakapol Wangkahart
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK; Division of Fisheries, Department of Agricultural Technology, Faculty of Technology, Mahasarakham University, Khamriang Sub-District, Kantarawichai, Mahasarakham, 44150, Thailand.
| | - Tiehui Wang
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
| | - Lincoln Tubbs
- Elanco Canada Ltd., Aquaculture Research and Development, P.O. Box 17, Victoria, P.E., C0A 2G0, Canada.
| | | | - Christopher J Secombes
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Tillydrone Avenue, Aberdeen, AB24 2TZ, UK.
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Syed S, Iqbal NT, Sadiq K, Ma JZ, Akhund T, Xin W, Moore SR, Liu E, Qureshi S, Gosselin K, Gewirtz A, Duggan CP, Ali SA. Serum anti-flagellin and anti-lipopolysaccharide immunoglobulins as predictors of linear growth faltering in Pakistani infants at risk for environmental enteric dysfunction. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193768. [PMID: 29509790 PMCID: PMC5839587 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED) in children from low-income countries has been linked to linear growth declines. There is a critical need to identify sensitive and early EED biomarkers. OBJECTIVE Determine whether levels of antibodies against bacterial components flagellin (flic) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) predict poor growth. DESIGN/METHODS In a prospective birth cohort of 380 children in rural Pakistan blood and stool samples were obtained at ages 6 and 9 months. Linear mixed effects models were used to examine longitudinal associations between quartiles of anti-flic and anti-LPS antibodies and changes in LAZ, WAZ and WLZ scores. Spearman's correlations were measured between anti-flic and anti-LPS immunoglobulins with measures of systemic/enteric inflammation and intestinal regeneration. RESULTS Anti-LPS IgA correlated significantly with CRP, AGP and Reg1 serum at 6mo and with MPO at 9mo. In multivariate analysis at 6mo of age, higher anti-LPS IgA levels predicted greater declines in LAZ scores over subsequent 18mo (comparing highest to lowest quartile, β (SE) change in LAZ score/year = -0.313 (0.125), p-value = 0.013). Anti-flic Ig A in the two highest quartiles measured at 9mo of age had declines in LAZ of -0.269 (0.126), p = 0.033; and -0.306 (0.129), p = 0.018 respectively, during the subsequent 18mo of life, compared to those in the lowest quartile of anti-flic IgA. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Elevated anti-flic IgA and anti-LPS IgA antibodies at 6 and 9mo, predict declines in linear growth. Systemic and enteric inflammation correlated with anti-LPS IgA provides mechanistic considerations for potential future interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Syed
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Najeeha T. Iqbal
- Department of Pediatrics, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kamran Sadiq
- Department of Pediatrics, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Jennie Z. Ma
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Tauseef Akhund
- Department of Pediatrics, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Wenjun Xin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Sean R. Moore
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States of America
| | - Enju Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Shahida Qureshi
- Department of Pediatrics, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Kerri Gosselin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation Immunity & Infection, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, United States of America
| | - Christopher P. Duggan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Departments of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - S. Asad Ali
- Department of Pediatrics, the Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
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Ajamian L, Melnychuk L, Jean-Pierre P, Zaharatos GJ. DNA Vaccine-Encoded Flagellin Can Be Used as an Adjuvant Scaffold to Augment HIV-1 gp41 Membrane Proximal External Region Immunogenicity. Viruses 2018; 10:E100. [PMID: 29495537 PMCID: PMC5869493 DOI: 10.3390/v10030100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Flagellin's potential as a vaccine adjuvant has been increasingly explored over the last three decades. Monomeric flagellin proteins are the only known agonists of Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5). This interaction evokes a pro-inflammatory state that impacts upon both innate and adaptive immunity. While pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) like flagellin have been used as stand-alone adjuvants that are co-delivered with antigen, some investigators have demonstrated a distinct advantage to incorporating antigen epitopes within the structure of flagellin itself. This approach has been particularly effective in enhancing humoral immune responses. We sought to use flagellin as both scaffold and adjuvant for HIV gp41 with the aim of eliciting antibodies to the membrane proximal external region (MPER). Accordingly, we devised a straightforward step-wise approach to select flagellin-antigen fusion proteins for gene-based vaccine development. Using plasmid DNA vector-based expression in mammalian cells, we demonstrate robust expression of codon-optimized full length and hypervariable region-deleted constructs of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi flagellin (FliC). An HIV gp41 derived sequence including the MPER (gp41607-683) was incorporated into various positions of these constructs and the expressed fusion proteins were screened for effective secretion, TLR5 agonist activity and adequate MPER antigenicity. We show that incorporation of gp41607-683 into a FliC-based scaffold significantly augments gp41607-683 immunogenicity in a TLR5 dependent manner and elicits modest MPER-specific humoral responses in a mouse model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Ajamian
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Luca Melnychuk
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
| | - Patrick Jean-Pierre
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
| | - Gerasimos J Zaharatos
- Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine & Division of Medical Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
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41
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Won G, Lee JH. Antigenic and functional profiles of a Lawsonia intracellularis protein that shows a flagellin-like trait and its immuno-stimulatory assessment. Vet Res 2018; 49:17. [PMID: 29448958 PMCID: PMC5815190 DOI: 10.1186/s13567-018-0515-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The obligate intracellular Lawsonia intracellularis (LI), the etiological agent of proliferative enteropathy (PE), is an economically important disease in the swine industry. Due to extreme difficulty of in vitro culture of the pathogen, molecular characterization of protein components of LI that are targets of the immune system, is difficult; thus, the scientific evidence to drive the development of preventive measures is lacking. In this work, we investigated the antigenic and functional characteristics of a putative flagellar-associated protein, LI0570, using in silico computational approaches for epitope prediction and an in vitro protein-based molecular assay. The amino acid sequence of LI0570 exhibited similarities to flagellar-associated proteins in four different bacterial strains. The presence of B cell linear confirmative epitopes of the protein predicted by a bioinformatics tool was validated by western blot analysis using anti-LI mouse hyperimmune serum, which implied that LI0570 induced production of antigen-specific antibodies in vivo. Further, TLR5-stimulating activity and IL-8 cytokine expression produced via downstream signaling were observed in HEK-Blue™-hTLR5 cells stimulated with LI0570. This result indicates that the LI0570 protein can trigger an innate immune response followed by a T-cell-related adaptive immune response in an infected host. Collectively, the data presented here support that the LI0570 protein which shows the antigenic potential could be a useful component of a recombinant vaccine against PE, providing progress toward an effective prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayeon Won
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
| | - John Hwa Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan Campus, Gobong-ro 79, Iksan, 54596 Republic of Korea
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Shi Q, Febres VJ, Zhang S, Yu F, McCollum G, Hall DG, Moore GA, Stover E. Identification of Gene Candidates Associated with Huanglongbing Tolerance, Using 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' Flagellin 22 as a Proxy to Challenge Citrus. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2018; 31:200-211. [PMID: 29148926 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-04-17-0084-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The 22-amino acid (flg22) pathogen-associated molecular pattern from the flagellin of Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri has been shown to induce defense responses correlated with citrus canker resistance. Here, flg22 of 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus', the putative causal agent of Huanglongbing (HLB), elicited differential defense responses that were weaker than those from Xcc-flg22, between those of the HLB-tolerant mandarin cultivar Sun Chu Sha and susceptible grapefruit cultivar Duncan. Transcriptomics was used to compare the effect of CLas-flg22 and Xcc-flg22 between the citrus genotypes and identified 86 genes induced only by CLas-flg22 in the tolerant mandarin. Expression of 16 selected genes was validated, by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and was evaluated in citrus during 'Ca. L. asiaticus' infection. Differential expression of a number of genes occurred between tolerant and susceptible citrus infected with 'Ca. L. asiaticus', suggesting their involvement in HLB tolerance. In addition, several genes were similarly regulated by CLas-flg22 and 'Ca. L. asiaticus' treatments, while others were oppositely regulated in the tolerant mandarin, suggesting similarity and interplay between CLas-flg22 and 'Ca. L. asiaticus'-triggered defenses. Genes identified are valuable in furthering the study of HLB tolerance mechanisms and, potentially, for screening for HLB-tolerant citrus using CLas-flg22 as a pathogen proxy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingchun Shi
- 1 U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A
| | - Vicente J Febres
- 2 Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A.; and
| | - Shujian Zhang
- 1 U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A
| | - Fahong Yu
- 3 Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida
| | - Greg McCollum
- 1 U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A
| | - David G Hall
- 1 U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A
| | - Gloria A Moore
- 2 Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, U.S.A.; and
| | - Ed Stover
- 1 U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, USDA/ARS, Fort Pierce, FL, U.S.A
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Forstnerič V, Ivičak-Kocjan K, Plaper T, Jerala R, Benčina M. The role of the C-terminal D0 domain of flagellin in activation of Toll like receptor 5. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006574. [PMID: 28827825 PMCID: PMC5578693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Flagellin is a wide-spread bacterial virulence factor sensed by the membrane-bound Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) and by the intracellular NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome receptor. TLR5 recognizes a conserved region within the D1 domain of flagellin, crucial for the interaction between subunits in the flagellum and for bacterial motility. While it is known that a deletion of the D0 domain of flagellin, which lines the interior of flagella, also completely abrogates activation of TLR5, its functional role remains unknown. Using a protein fusion strategy, we propose a role for the D0 domain in the stabilization of an active dimeric signaling complex of flagellin-TLR5 at a 2:2 stoichiometric ratio. Alanine-scanning mutagenesis of flagellin revealed a previously unidentified region of flagellin, the C-terminal D0 domain, to play a crucial role in TLR5 activation. Interestingly, we show that TLR5 recognizes the same hydrophobic motif of the D0 domain of flagellin as the intracellular NAIP5/NLRC4 inflammasome receptor. Further, we show that residues within the D0 domain play a previously unrecognized role in the evasion of TLR5 recognition by Helicobacter pylori. These findings demonstrate that TLR5 is able to simultaneously sense several spatially separated sites of flagellin that are essential for its functionality, hindering bacterial evasion of immune recognition. Our findings significantly contribute to the understanding of the mechanism of TLR5 activation, which plays an important role in host defense against several pathogens, but also in several diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, cystic fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. Receptors of the innate immune system typically recognize conserved microbial patterns, crucial for pathogen fitness and survival. Flagellin, the main structural protein of bacterial flagella, is recognized by two receptors of the innate immune system, the intracellular inflammasome receptor NAIP5/NLRC4 and the membrane-bound Toll-like receptor 5. Ligand-induced dimerization is a crucial step in Toll-like receptor 5 activation. A crystal structure of segments of the ligand-bound receptor revealed binding interfaces on the ligand and receptor, but failed to fully clarify the activation mechanism, since the D0 domain of flagellin, which is crucial for receptor activation, is missing in the structure. We propose a role for the D0 domain in receptor dimerization and pinpoint specific amino-acid residues within the D0 domain, which contribute to Toll-like receptor 5 activation. We show that Toll-like receptor 5 recognizes the same protein motif detected by the intracellular NAIP5/NLRC4 receptor. Our work represents an important advance in the understanding of the mechanism of activation of Toll-like receptor 5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vida Forstnerič
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Karolina Ivičak-Kocjan
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tjaša Plaper
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Roman Jerala
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Centre of Excellence EN-FIST, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (RJ); (MB)
| | - Mojca Benčina
- Department of Synthetic Biology and Immunology, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- * E-mail: (RJ); (MB)
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44
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Lee SJ, Benoun J, Sheridan BS, Fogassy Z, Pham O, Pham QM, Puddington L, McSorley SJ. Dual Immunization with SseB/Flagellin Provides Enhanced Protection against Salmonella Infection Mediated by Circulating Memory Cells. J Immunol 2017; 199:1353-1361. [PMID: 28710253 PMCID: PMC5548602 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1601357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The development of a subunit Salmonella vaccine has been hindered by the absence of detailed information about antigenic targets of protective Salmonella-specific T and B cells. Recent studies have identified SseB as a modestly protective Ag in susceptible C57BL/6 mice, but the mechanism of protective immunity remains undefined. In this article, we report that simply combining Salmonella SseB with flagellin substantially enhances protective immunity, allowing immunized C57BL/6 mice to survive for up to 30 d following challenge with virulent bacteria. Surprisingly, the enhancing effect of flagellin did not require flagellin Ag targeting during secondary responses or recognition of flagellin by TLR5. Although coimmunization with flagellin did not affect SseB-specific Ab responses, it modestly boosted CD4 responses. In addition, protective immunity was effectively transferred in circulation to parabionts of immunized mice, demonstrating that tissue-resident memory is not required for vaccine-induced protection. Finally, protective immunity required host expression of IFN-γR but was independent of induced NO synthase expression. Taken together, these data indicate that Salmonella flagellin has unique adjuvant properties that improve SseB-mediated protective immunity provided by circulating memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Joo Lee
- Center for Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Joseph Benoun
- Center for Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Brian S Sheridan
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Zachary Fogassy
- Center for Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Oanh Pham
- Center for Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
| | - Quynh-Mai Pham
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Lynn Puddington
- Department of Immunology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030
| | - Stephen J McSorley
- Center for Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616;
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Cell Biology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616; and
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Kalnin K, Chivukula S, Tibbitts T, Yan Y, Stegalkina S, Shen L, Cieszynski J, Costa V, Sabharwal R, Anderson SF, Christensen N, Jagu S, Roden RBS, Kleanthous H. Incorporation of RG1 epitope concatemers into a self-adjuvanting Flagellin-L2 vaccine broaden durable protection against cutaneous challenge with diverse human papillomavirus genotypes. Vaccine 2017; 35:4942-4951. [PMID: 28778613 PMCID: PMC6454882 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.07.086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
AIM To achieve durable and broad protection against human papillomaviruses by vaccination with multimers of minor capsid antigen L2 using self-adjuvanting fusions with the toll-like receptor-5 (TLR5) ligand bacterial flagellin (Fla) instead of co-formulation with alum. METHODS Fla fusions with L2 protective epitopes comprising residues 11-200, 11-88 and/or 17-38 of a single or multiple HPV types were produced in E. coli and their capacity to activate TLR5 signaling was assessed. Immunogenicity was evaluated serially following administration of 3 intramuscular doses of Fla-L2 multimer without exogenous adjuvant, followed by challenge 1, 3, 6 or 12months later, and efficacy compared to vaccination with human doses of L1 VLP vaccines (Gardasil and Cervarix) or L2 multimer formulated in alum. Serum antibody responses were assessed by peptide ELISA, in vitro neutralization assays and passive transfer to naïve rabbits in which End-Point Protection Titers (EPPT) were determined using serial dilutions of pooled immune sera collected 1, 3, 6 or 12months after completing active immunization. Efficacy was assessed by determining wart volume following concurrent challenge at different sites with HPV6/16/18/31/45/58 'quasivirions' containing cottontail rabbit papillomavirus (CRPV) genomes. RESULTS Vaccination in the absence of exogenous adjuvant with Fla-HPV16 L2 11-200 fusion protein elicited durable protection against HPV16, but limited cross-protection against other HPV types. Peptide mapping data suggested the importance of the 17-38 aa region in conferring immunity. Indeed, addition of L2 residues 17-38 of HPV6/18/31/39/52 to a Fla-HPV16 L2 11-200 or 11-88 elicited broader protection via active or passive immunization, similar to that seen with vaccination with an alum-adjuvanted L2 multimer comprising the aa 11-88 peptides of five or eight genital HPV types. CONCLUSIONS Vaccination with flagellin fused L2 multimers provided lasting (>1year) immunity without the need for an exogenous adjuvant. Inclusion of the L2 amino acid 17-38 region in such multi-HPV type fusions expanded the spectrum of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Kalnin
- Research, Sanofi Pasteur, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA.
| | | | | | - Yanhua Yan
- Research, Sanofi Pasteur, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Lihua Shen
- Research, Sanofi Pasteur, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Victor Costa
- Research, Sanofi Pasteur, 38 Sidney Street, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Neil Christensen
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Subhashini Jagu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Jiang J, Zhao W, Xiong Q, Wang K, He Y, Wang J, Chen D, Geng Y, Huang X, Ouyang P, Lai W. Immune responses of channel catfish following the stimulation of three recombinant flagellins of Yersinia ruckeri in vitro and in vivo. Dev Comp Immunol 2017; 73:61-71. [PMID: 28235583 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2017.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Innate immunity is initiated depending on the recognition of certain protein receptors termed pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to protect the host from various invading pathogens. As one of the most powerful PAMPs, flagellin is the major structural component of the flagellum that provides the main force for bacterial motility in flagellated microorganisms. The genome of the Y. ruckeri strain SC09 contains three flagellin genes, which encode the flagellins FlaA, FlaB and FlaC, respectively. In this study, we produced the three full-length recombinant flagellins-i.e., rFlaA, rFlaB and rFlaC-from the Y. ruckeri strain SC09 for the first time and then compared the host cell responses to rFlaA, rFlaB and rFlaC using channel catfish cultured head kidney monocytes/macrophages in vitro. Moreover, the time-dependent modulation of the nine genes expression of primary kidneys injected with rFlaC was also detected by qPCR. We found that rFlaA, rFlaB and rFlaC all can stimulate the production of some pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL1-β1, TNFα, IL8, iNOS1 and Hepcidin. In addition, the expression of TLR5M, TLR5S, NF-κB and MHC II β was all increased after channel catfish cultured head kidney monocytes/macrophages were stimulated by the three recombinant flagellins. Importantly, rFlaC stimulated the highest expression of all the genes mentioned above compared with that of rFlaB and rFlaA and enhanced the expression of the nine above-mentioned genes in vivo. Our study lays the foundation for the effect of flagellin on immune responses, suggesting that flagellin may be a useful immune adjuvant or stimulant in the aquaculture field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Jiang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Wuyi Zhao
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Quanxin Xiong
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China.
| | - Yang He
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yi Geng
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Weimin Lai
- Department of Basic Veterinary, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China; Key Laboratory of Animal Disease and Human Health of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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47
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Mirhosseini SA, Fooladi AAI, Amani J, Sedighian H. Production of recombinant flagellin to develop ELISA-based detection of Salmonella Enteritidis. Braz J Microbiol 2017; 48:774-781. [PMID: 28739413 PMCID: PMC5628325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjm.2016.04.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-borne diseases, caused by the pathogenic bacteria, are highly prevalent in the world. Salmonella is one of the most important bacterial genera responsible for this. Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is one of the non-typhoid Salmonellae that can be transmitted to human from poultry products, water, and contaminated food. In recent years, new and rapid detection methods such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) have been developed. In this study, recombinant FliC (rFliC) was produced to be used as an antigen. The immunization was conducted in mice with the purified recombinant FliC (rFliC). The mice were subcutaneously immunized with rFliC and elicited significant rFliC specific serum IgG antibodies. An indirect ELISA system was established for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis. Our results confirmed that the recombinant flagellin can be one of the excellent indicators for the detection of Salmonella Enteritidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ali Mirhosseini
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Ali Imani Fooladi
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Jafar Amani
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hamid Sedighian
- Applied Microbiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Xu B, Cheval C, Laohavisit A, Hocking B, Chiasson D, Olsson TSG, Shirasu K, Faulkner C, Gilliham M. A calmodulin-like protein regulates plasmodesmal closure during bacterial immune responses. New Phytol 2017; 215:77-84. [PMID: 28513846 PMCID: PMC5488192 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Plants sense microbial signatures via activation of pattern recognition receptors (PPRs), which trigger a range of cellular defences. One response is the closure of plasmodesmata, which reduces symplastic connectivity and the capacity for direct molecular exchange between host cells. Plasmodesmal flux is regulated by a variety of environmental cues but the downstream signalling pathways are poorly defined, especially the way in which calcium regulates plasmodesmal closure. Here, we identify that closure of plasmodesmata in response to bacterial flagellin, but not fungal chitin, is mediated by a plasmodesmal-localized Ca2+ -binding protein Calmodulin-like 41 (CML41). CML41 is transcriptionally upregulated by flg22 and facilitates rapid callose deposition at plasmodesmata following flg22 treatment. CML41 acts independently of other defence responses triggered by flg22 perception and reduces bacterial infection. We propose that CML41 enables Ca2+ -signalling specificity during bacterial pathogen attack and is required for a complete defence response against Pseudomonas syringae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - Cécilia Cheval
- John Innes CentreNorwich Research ParkColney LaneNorwichNR4 7UHUK
| | - Anuphon Laohavisit
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumi‐kuYokohama230‐0045Japan
| | - Bradleigh Hocking
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | - David Chiasson
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
| | | | - Ken Shirasu
- RIKEN Centre for Sustainable Resource ScienceTsurumi‐kuYokohama230‐0045Japan
| | | | - Matthew Gilliham
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Energy BiologyWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA5064Australia
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49
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Hillmer RA, Tsuda K, Rallapalli G, Asai S, Truman W, Papke MD, Sakakibara H, Jones JDG, Myers CL, Katagiri F. The highly buffered Arabidopsis immune signaling network conceals the functions of its components. PLoS Genet 2017; 13:e1006639. [PMID: 28472137 PMCID: PMC5417422 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1006639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant immunity protects plants from numerous potentially pathogenic microbes. The biological network that controls plant inducible immunity must function effectively even when network components are targeted and disabled by pathogen effectors. Network buffering could confer this resilience by allowing different parts of the network to compensate for loss of one another's functions. Networks rich in buffering rely on interactions within the network, but these mechanisms are difficult to study by simple genetic means. Through a network reconstitution strategy, in which we disassemble and stepwise reassemble the plant immune network that mediates Pattern-Triggered-Immunity, we have resolved systems-level regulatory mechanisms underlying the Arabidopsis transcriptome response to the immune stimulant flagellin-22 (flg22). These mechanisms show widespread evidence of interactions among major sub-networks-we call these sectors-in the flg22-responsive transcriptome. Many of these interactions result in network buffering. Resolved regulatory mechanisms show unexpected patterns for how the jasmonate (JA), ethylene (ET), phytoalexin-deficient 4 (PAD4), and salicylate (SA) signaling sectors control the transcriptional response to flg22. We demonstrate that many of the regulatory mechanisms we resolved are not detectable by the traditional genetic approach of single-gene null-mutant analysis. Similar to potential pathogenic perturbations, null-mutant effects on immune signaling can be buffered by the network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Hillmer
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Kenichi Tsuda
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Plant-Microbe Interactions, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Shuta Asai
- The Sainsbury Laboratory, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - William Truman
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Matthew D. Papke
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | | | - Chad L. Myers
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Fumiaki Katagiri
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, Microbial and Plant Genomics Institute, University of Minnesota, Twin-Cities, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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50
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Fedirko V, Tran HQ, Gewirtz AT, Stepien M, Trichopoulou A, Aleksandrova K, Olsen A, Tjønneland A, Overvad K, Carbonnel F, Boutron-Ruault MC, Severi G, Kühn T, Kaaks R, Boeing H, Bamia C, Lagiou P, Grioni S, Panico S, Palli D, Tumino R, Naccarati A, Peeters PH, Bueno-de-Mesquita HB, Weiderpass E, Castaño JMH, Barricarte A, Sánchez MJ, Dorronsoro M, Quirós JR, Agudo A, Sjöberg K, Ohlsson B, Hemmingsson O, Werner M, Bradbury KE, Khaw KT, Wareham N, Tsilidis KK, Aune D, Scalbert A, Romieu I, Riboli E, Jenab M. Exposure to bacterial products lipopolysaccharide and flagellin and hepatocellular carcinoma: a nested case-control study. BMC Med 2017; 15:72. [PMID: 28372583 PMCID: PMC5379669 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-017-0830-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Leakage of bacterial products across the gut barrier may play a role in liver diseases which often precede the development of liver cancer. However, human studies, particularly from prospective settings, are lacking. METHODS We used a case-control study design nested within a large prospective cohort to assess the association between circulating levels of anti-lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and anti-flagellin immunoglobulin A (IgA) and G (IgG) (reflecting long-term exposures to LPS and flagellin, respectively) and risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. A total of 139 men and women diagnosed with hepatocellular carcinoma between 1992 and 2010 were matched to 139 control subjects. Multivariable rate ratios (RRs), including adjustment for potential confounders, hepatitis B/C positivity, and degree of liver dysfunction, were calculated with conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Antibody response to LPS and flagellin was associated with a statistically significant increase in the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (highest vs. lowest quartile: RR = 11.76, 95% confidence interval = 1.70-81.40; P trend = 0.021). This finding did not vary substantially by time from enrollment to diagnosis, and did not change after adjustment for chronic infection with hepatitis B and C viruses. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings, based on exposures up to several years prior to diagnosis, support a role for gut-derived bacterial products in hepatocellular carcinoma development. Further study into the role of gut barrier failure and exposure to bacterial products in liver diseases is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika Fedirko
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Hao Quang Tran
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Andrew T Gewirtz
- Center for Inflammation, Immunity, and Infection Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Magdalena Stepien
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Antonia Trichopoulou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias Street, Athens, GR-115 27, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Krasimira Aleksandrova
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nutrition, Immunity and Metabolism Start-up Lab, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Anja Olsen
- Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kim Overvad
- Section for Epidemiology, Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Franck Carbonnel
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
- Department of Gastroenterology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), University hospitals Paris-Sud, Site de Bicêtre, Paris Sud University, Paris XI, Le Kremlin Bicêtre, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
| | - Gianluca Severi
- Université Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Sud, UVSQ, CESP, INSERM, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, F-94805, France
- Human Genetics Foundation (HuGeF), Torino, Italy
- Cancer Council Victoria and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tilman Kühn
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Rudolf Kaaks
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Heiner Boeing
- Department of Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Christina Bamia
- Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias Street, Athens, GR-115 27, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Pagona Lagiou
- Hellenic Health Foundation, 13 Kaisareias Street, Athens, GR-115 27, Greece
- Department of Hygiene, Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, WHO Collaborating Center for Nutrition and Health, Unit of Nutritional Epidemiology and Nutrition in Public Health, University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara Grioni
- Epidemiology and Prevention Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori Via Venezian, 1 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Salvatore Panico
- Dipartimento di Medicina Clinica Echirurgia Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Palli
- Molecular and Nutritional Epidemiology Unit, Cancer Research and Prevention Institute - ISPO, Florence, Italy
| | - Rosario Tumino
- Cancer Registry and Histopathology Unit, "Civic -M.P. Arezzo" Hospital, ASP, Ragusa, Italy
| | - Alessio Naccarati
- Molecular and Genetic Epidemiology Unit, HuGeF, Human Genetics Foundation, Torino, Italy
| | - Petra H Peeters
- Department of Epidemiology, Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - H B Bueno-de-Mesquita
- Department for Determinants of Chronic Diseases (DCD), National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Social & Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Tromsø, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Institute of Population-Based Cancer Research, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Genetic Epidemiology Group, Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
| | - José María Huerta Castaño
- Department of Epidemiology, Murcia Regional Health Council, IMIB-Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio Barricarte
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Public Health Institute, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - María-José Sánchez
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Escuela Andaluza de Salud Pública. Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs.GRANADA. Hospitales Universitarios de Granada, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Miren Dorronsoro
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
- Basque Regional Health Department, San Sebastian, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Agudo
- Unit of Nutrition, Environment and Cancer, Cancer Epidemiology Research Program, Catalan Institute of Oncology-IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Klas Sjöberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Bodil Ohlsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Division of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Oskar Hemmingsson
- Department of Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Kirurgcentrum, Norrlands Universitetssjukhus, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Mårten Werner
- Department of Medicine Sections for Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Umeå University Hospital, SE-90185, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Kathryn E Bradbury
- Cancer Epidemiology Unit, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kay-Tee Khaw
- Clinical Gerontology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Konstantinos K Tsilidis
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina School of Medicine, Ioannina, Greece
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Dagfinn Aune
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Augustin Scalbert
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France
| | - Elio Riboli
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Mazda Jenab
- Section of Nutrition and Metabolism, International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC-WHO), Lyon, France.
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