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Gurung S, Restrepo NK, Sumanas S. Endocardium gives rise to blood cells in zebrafish embryos. Cell Rep 2024; 43:113736. [PMID: 38308842 PMCID: PMC10993658 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2024.113736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the endocardium contributes to hematopoiesis in murine embryos, although definitive evidence to demonstrate the hematopoietic potential of the endocardium is still missing. Here, we use a zebrafish embryonic model to test the emergence of hematopoietic progenitors from the endocardium. By using a combination of expression analysis, time-lapse imaging, and lineage-tracing approaches, we demonstrate that myeloid cells emerge from the endocardium in zebrafish embryos. Inhibition of Etv2/Etsrp or Scl/Tal1, two known master regulators of hematopoiesis and vasculogenesis, does not affect the emergence of endocardial-derived myeloid cells, while inhibition of Hedgehog signaling results in their reduction. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis followed by experimental validation suggests that the endocardium is the major source of neutrophilic granulocytes. These findings will promote our understanding of alternative mechanisms involved in hematopoiesis, which are likely to be conserved between zebrafish and mammalian embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Gurung
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; Department of Pathology, Advanced Diagnostics Laboratories, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Nicole K Restrepo
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA
| | - Saulius Sumanas
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, USF Health Heart Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33602, USA; Division of Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
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2
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Khamzeh A, Dahlstrand Rudin A, Venkatakrishnan V, Stylianou M, Sanchez Klose FP, Urban CF, Björnsdottir H, Bylund J, Christenson K. High levels of short-chain fatty acids secreted by Candida albicans hyphae induce neutrophil chemotaxis via free fatty acid receptor 2. J Leukoc Biol 2024; 115:536-546. [PMID: 37992073 DOI: 10.1093/jleuko/qiad146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans belongs to our commensal mucosal flora and in immune-competent individuals in the absence of epithelial damage, this fungus is well tolerated and controlled by our immune defense. However, C. albicans is an opportunistic microorganism that can cause different forms of infections, ranging from superficial to life-threatening systemic infections. C. albicans is polymorphic and switches between different phenotypes (e.g. from yeast form to hyphal form). C. albicans hyphae are invasive and can grow into tissues to eventually reach circulation. During fungal infections, neutrophils in particular play a critical role for the defense, but how neutrophils are directed toward the invasive forms of fungi is less well understood. We set out to investigate possible neutrophil chemoattractants released by C. albicans into culture supernatants. We found that cell-free culture supernatants from the hyphal form of C. albicans induced both neutrophil chemotaxis and concomitant intracellular calcium transients. Size separation and hydrophobic sorting of supernatants indicated small hydrophilic factors as responsible for the activity. Further analysis showed that the culture supernatants contained high levels of short-chain fatty acids with higher levels from hyphae as compared to yeast. Short-chain fatty acids are known neutrophil chemoattractants acting via the neutrophil free fatty acid receptor 2. In line with this, the calcium signaling in neutrophils induced by hyphae culture supernatants was blocked by a free fatty acid receptor 2 antagonist and potently increased in the presence of a positive allosteric modulator. Our data imply that short-chain fatty acids may act as a recruitment signal whereby neutrophils can detect C. albicans hyphae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsham Khamzeh
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 12A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Agnes Dahlstrand Rudin
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 12A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammations Research, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Guldhedsgatan 10A, 413 46 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemigården 4, 412 58 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Marios Stylianou
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Felix P Sanchez Klose
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 12A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Constantin F Urban
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Umeå Centre for Microbial Research (UCMR), Umeå University, 901 85 Umeå, Sweden
| | - Halla Björnsdottir
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 12A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 12A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Odontology, University of Gothenburg, Medicinaregatan 12A, 413 90 Gothenburg, Sweden
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3
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Schofield CJ, Tirouvanziam R, Garratt LW. OMIP-100: A flow cytometry panel to investigate human neutrophil subsets. Cytometry A 2024; 105:81-87. [PMID: 38179854 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
This 14-color, 13-antibody optimized multicolor immunofluorescence panel (OMIP) was designed for deep profiling of neutrophil subsets in various types of human samples to contextualize neutrophil plasticity in a range of healthy and diseased states. Markers present in the OMIP allow the profiling of neutrophil subsets associated with ontogeny, migration, phagocytosis capacity, granule release, and immune modulation. For panel design, we ensured that the commonly available fluorophores FITC/AF488, PE, and APC were assigned to the intracellular subset marker Olfactomedin 4, the maturity and activation marker CD10, and whole blood subset marker CD177, respectively. These markers can be easily replaced without affecting the core identification of neutrophils, enabling antibodies to new neutrophil antigens of interest or for fluorescent substrates to assess different neutrophil functions to be easily explored. Panel optimization was performed on whole blood and purified neutrophils. We demonstrate applications on clinical samples (whole blood and saliva) and experimental endpoints (purified neutrophils stimulated through an in vitro transmigration assay). We hope that providing a uniform platform to analyze neutrophil plasticity in various sample types will facilitate the future understanding of neutrophil subsets in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig J Schofield
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rabindra Tirouvanziam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
- Center for CF & Airways Disease Research, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Luke W Garratt
- Wal-Yan Respiratory Research Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
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4
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Yan M, Beck RC, Gadde R. Hemophagocyte morphology and hypertriglyceridemia correlate with diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in patients with bone marrow hemophagocytes. Am J Clin Pathol 2024; 161:177-185. [PMID: 37833042 DOI: 10.1093/ajcp/aqad131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate laboratory and bone marrow findings that can help predict a diagnosis of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) for patients who have demonstrated hemophagocytes (HPCs) in the bone marrow. METHODS A total of 57 cases from 48 patients with HPCs present on bone marrow examination were included. The numbers and morphologic characteristics of HPCs with ingested nucleated cells (nHPC) were counted. Pertinent medical history, relevant laboratory values, and flow cytometry data at the time of bone marrow biopsy were collected. RESULTS A total of 24 patients fulfilled diagnostic criteria for HLH, and the remaining 24 patients did not. By using HLH-2004 cutoffs, only hypertriglyceridemia (≥265 mg/dL) was significantly associated with HLH diagnosis. The HLH cases more frequently had nHPC-ingesting granulocytic cells (gHPC) (75.9% vs 24.1%, P = .009). The percentage of gHPC to all nHPC was also significantly higher in HLH cases (median, 15.4% vs 0%; P = .0002). Both triglyceride level (area under the curve [AUC] = 0.88, P < .0001) and gHPC percentage (AUC = 0.81, P = .0005) were significant in predicting HLH diagnosis. Finally, no overt immunophenotypic abnormality was noted for 19 HLH cases with available flow cytometry data. CONCLUSIONS The presence of hypertriglyceridemia and more frequent gHPC has predictive value for HLH diagnosis in patients with bone marrow HPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingfei Yan
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Rose C Beck
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, US
| | - Ramya Gadde
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, US
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Degroote RL, Schmalen A, Hauck SM, Deeg CA. Unveiling Differential Responses of Granulocytes to Distinct Immunostimulants with Implications in Autoimmune Uveitis. Biomedicines 2023; 12:19. [PMID: 38275380 PMCID: PMC10812922 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The perception of circulating granulocytes as cells with a predetermined immune response mainly triggered by pathogens is evolving, recognizing their functional heterogeneity and adaptability, particularly within the neutrophil subset. The involvement of these cells in the pathophysiology of autoimmune uveitis has become increasingly clear, yet their exact role remains elusive. We used an equine model for autoimmune-mediated recurrent pan-uveitis to investigate early responses of granulocytes in different inflammatory environments. For this purpose, we performed differential proteomics on granulocytes from healthy and diseased horses stimulated with IL8, LPS, or PMA. Compared to healthy horses, granulocytes from the recurrent uveitis model significantly changed the cellular abundance of 384 proteins, with a considerable number of specific changes for each stimulant. To gain more insight into the functional impact of these stimulant-specific proteome changes in ERU pathogenesis, we used Ingenuity Pathway Analysis for pathway enrichment. This resulted in specific reaction patterns for each stimulant, with IL8 predominantly promoting Class I MHC-mediated antigen processing and presentation, LPS enhancing processes in phospholipid biosynthesis, and PMA, clearly inducing neutrophil degranulation. These findings shed light on the remarkably differentiated responses of neutrophils, offering valuable insights into their functional heterogeneity in a T-cell-driven disease. Raw data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD013648.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane L. Degroote
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (R.L.D.); (A.S.)
| | - Adrian Schmalen
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (R.L.D.); (A.S.)
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-80939 Munich, Germany;
| | - Stefanie M. Hauck
- Metabolomics and Proteomics Core, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, D-80939 Munich, Germany;
| | - Cornelia A. Deeg
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, D-82152 Martinsried, Germany; (R.L.D.); (A.S.)
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6
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Lin L, Hong M, Fu X. Mycophenolate mofetil increases the risk of diarrhea in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231206968. [PMID: 37879636 PMCID: PMC10601400 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231206968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was reported to be a main cause of diarrhea following organ transplantation. However, research on MMF-induced diarrhea following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is currently insufficient. This retrospective study examined the incidence of MMF-induced diarrhea among allo-HSCT recipients. METHODS Recipients were divided according to the receipt of MMF and the appearance of diarrhea. The differences in clinical information, MMF usage and trough concentrations, and the occurrence of diarrhea from the first day of conditioning treatment to 100 days after transplantation were analyzed. RESULTS In total, 32.9% of the recipients reported diarrhea. The incidence rate of diarrhea was higher in the MMF group than in the non-MMF group (40.0% vs. 16.7%). MMF-induced diarrhea usually occurred within 9 days of MMF initiation and persisted for 7.27 ± 3.54 days. The average body weight, MMF daily dose, and MMF trough concentration were higher in patients with diarrhea. CONCLUSION MMF increased the risk of diarrhea in allo-HSCT recipients, and the risk was related to the MMF dose and trough concentration. The difference in onset time could be a basis for identifying the cause of diarrhea in allo-HSCT recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangmo Lin
- Pharmacy Department, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Mianhui Hong
- Pharmacy Department, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Xiangjun Fu
- Hematological Department, Hainan General Hospital, Hainan Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
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Wang B, Zhu L, Jia B, Zhao C, Zhang J, Li F, Li J, Ding N, Zhang C, Hao Y, Tong S, Wang J, Li G, Fan Y, Zhang H, Li R, Du J, Kong Y, Zhang Y, Yang X, Han J, Yu Z, Du Z, Zheng H, Kosan C, Li A, Chen C, Ma Y, Zeng H. Sepsis induces non-classic innate immune memory in granulocytes. Cell Rep 2023; 42:113044. [PMID: 37643085 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Secondary infection in patients with sepsis triggers a new wave of inflammatory response, which aggravates organ injury and increases mortality. Trained immunity boosts a potent and nonspecific response to the secondary challenge and has been considered beneficial for the host. Here, using a murine model of polymicrobial infection, we find that the primary infection reprograms granulocytes to boost enhanced inflammatory responses to the secondary infection, including the excessive production of inflammatory cytokines, respiratory burst, and augmented phagocytosis capacity. However, these reprogramed granulocytes exhibit "non-classic" characteristics of innate immune memory. Two mechanisms are independently involved in the innate immune memory of granulocytes: a metabolic shift in favor of glycolysis and fatty acid synthesis and chromatin remodeling leading to the transcriptional inactivity of genes encoding inhibitors of TLR4-initiated signaling pathways. Counteracting the deleterious effects of stressed granulocytes on anti-infection immunity might provide a strategy to fight secondary infections during sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beibei Wang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Liuluan Zhu
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Bei Jia
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chenchen Zhao
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Fangyuan Li
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Nan Ding
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Can Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yu Hao
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Shuai Tong
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Guoli Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Henghui Zhang
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Rui Li
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Juan Du
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yaxian Kong
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Junyan Han
- Institute of Infectious Diseases, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Zhengya Yu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Zhongtao Du
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Penn State Hershey Cancer Institute, Penn State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Christian Kosan
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Biomedicine (CMB), Friedrich- Schiller-University, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Ang Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100015, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China
| | - Yaluan Ma
- The Institute of Basic Medical Theory of Chinese Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China.
| | - Hui Zeng
- Biomedical Innovation Center, Beijing Shijitan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, China; Beijing Key Laboratory for Therapeutic Cancer Vaccines, Beijing 100038, China.
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8
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Thompson EN, Carlino MJ, Scanlon VM, Grimes HL, Krause DS. Assay optimization for the objective quantification of human multilineage colony-forming units. Exp Hematol 2023; 124:36-44.e3. [PMID: 37271449 PMCID: PMC10527702 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2023.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Colony-forming unit (CFU) assays are a powerful tool in hematopoietic research because they allow researchers to functionally test the lineage potential of individual stem and progenitor cells. Assaying for lineage potential is important for determining and validating the identity of progenitor populations isolated by methods such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). However, current methods for CFU assays are limited in their ability to robustly assay multipotent progenitors with the ability to differentiate down the myeloid, erythroid, and megakaryocytic lineages because of the lack of specific growth factors necessary for certain lineage outputs. In addition, manual counting of colony types is subjective resulting in user to user variability in assessments of cell types based on colony and cell morphologies. We demonstrate that the addition of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), macrophage (M)-CSF, and granulocyte-macrophage (GM)-CSF into a collagen-based MegaCult medium containing IL-3, IL-6, SCF, EPO, and TPO allows for the differentiation of common myeloid progenitors into expected proportions of colonies containing granulocytic (G), monocytic (M), erythroid (E), and megakaryocytic (Mk) cells. Additionally, we demonstrate an objective method using in situ immunofluorescence (IF) with anti-CD66b, anti-CD14, anti-CD235a, and anti-CD41 to detect G, M, E, and Mk cells, respectively. IF stained colonies can be analyzed individually at a microscope or using high-throughput microscopy. Thus, our improvements to the culture conditions and method for assay readout increase the accuracy, reproducibility, and throughput of the myeloid CFU assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evrett N Thompson
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT
| | - Maximillian J Carlino
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Vanessa M Scanlon
- Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Center for Regenerative Medicine and Skeletal Development, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT
| | - H Leighton Grimes
- Division of Immunobiology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Diane S Krause
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Yale Stem Cell Center, New Haven, CT; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT; Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT.
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9
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Gravina T, Boggio CMT, Gorla E, Racca L, Polidoro S, Centonze S, Ferrante D, Lunghi M, Graziani A, Corà D, Baldanzi G. Role of Diacylglycerol Kinases in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1877. [PMID: 37509516 PMCID: PMC10377028 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diacylglycerol kinases (DGKs) play dual roles in cell transformation and immunosurveillance. According to cancer expression databases, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) exhibits significant overexpression of multiple DGK isoforms, including DGKA, DGKD and DGKG, without a precise correlation with specific AML subtypes. In the TGCA database, high DGKA expression negatively correlates with survival, while high DGKG expression is associated with a more favorable prognosis. DGKA and DGKG also feature different patterns of co-expressed genes. Conversely, the BeatAML and TARGET databases show that high DGKH expression is correlated with shorter survival. To assess the suitability of DGKs as therapeutic targets, we treated HL-60 and HEL cells with DGK inhibitors and compared cell growth and survival with those of untransformed lymphocytes. We observed a specific sensitivity to R59022 and R59949, two poorly selective inhibitors, which promoted cytotoxicity and cell accumulation in the S phase in both cell lines. Conversely, the DGKA-specific inhibitors CU-3 and AMB639752 showed poor efficacy. These findings underscore the pivotal and isoform-specific involvement of DGKs in AML, offering a promising pathway for the identification of potential therapeutic targets. Notably, the DGKA and DGKH isoforms emerge as relevant players in AML pathogenesis, albeit DGKA inhibition alone seems insufficient to impair AML cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Gravina
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Chiara Maria Teresa Boggio
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Elisa Gorla
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Luisa Racca
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Silvia Polidoro
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Sara Centonze
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Daniela Ferrante
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Monia Lunghi
- Division of Hematology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28110 Novara, Italy
| | - Andrea Graziani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center (MBC), University of Turin, 10124 Turin, Italy
| | - Davide Corà
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianluca Baldanzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
- Center for Translational Research on Allergic and Autoimmune Diseases (CAAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
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Bubar R, Kiss JE, Triulzi DJ, D'Andrea P, Zilich A, Kaplan A. How do we…consistently provide high-dose granulocyte products for transfusions in neutropenic patients? Transfusion 2023. [PMID: 37358345 DOI: 10.1111/trf.17461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The therapeutic use of granulocyte transfusions for the treatment of infections in immunocompromised patients has been a controversial practice. Randomized controlled trials suggest that benefit may be provided when a high-dose product, defined as providing a dose of at least 0.6 × 109 /kg, is offered. Here we describe the collection process and granulocyte product yield over a four-year period at a donation center supplying a large, tertiary academic medical center. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed for apheresis granulocyte donations collected between 2018 and 2021 following implementation of combined G-CSF and dexamethasone donor stimulation at our institution. Data collected includes donor demographics, G-CSF administration timeline, pre-collection cell counts, product yields, donor adverse events, and post-transfusion ANC increments. RESULTS A total of 269 granulocyte units were collected from 184 unique donors. The median neutrophil yield (ANC) following G-CSF implementation was 7.5 × 1010 /unit. The proportion of granulocyte products meeting or exceeding a yield of 4.0 × 1010 per unit was 96.5%. These products resulted in measurable median ANC increment of 550/μL in transfused adult patients (n = 166 transfusions). DISCUSSION In order to properly assess the effectiveness of granulocyte transfusions in patients, it is necessary to ensure that the products being transfused contain an adequate granulocyte dose. This study demonstrates that the combination of G-CSF and dexamethasone donor stimulation, followed by apheresis granulocyte collection, is safe and can reliably yield a high-dose product. Consistent production of high-dose units allows for better assessment of patient outcomes by reducing dosage variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bubar
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph E Kiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vitalant, Northeast Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Darrell J Triulzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vitalant, Northeast Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Pam D'Andrea
- Vitalant, Northeast Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ashley Zilich
- Vitalant, Northeast Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alesia Kaplan
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vitalant, Northeast Division, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Kaur G, Singh A, Sharma R, Thakur A, Tuteja S, Shyamli, Singh R. Effect of fungicidal contamination on survival, morphology, and cellular immunity of Apis mellifera (Hymenoptera: Apidae). Front Physiol 2023; 14:1099806. [PMID: 37179823 PMCID: PMC10167026 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1099806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticide residues have been reported in hive-stored products for long periods. Larvae of honey bees experience oral or contact exposure to these products during their normal growth and development inside the cells. We analyzed various toxicological, morphogenic, and immunological effects of residue-based concentrations of two fungicides, captan and difenoconazole, on the larvae of worker honey bees, Apis mellifera. Selected concentrations (0.08, 0.4, 2, 10, and 50 ppm) of both fungicides were applied topically at a volume of 1 µL/larva/cell as single and multiple exposures. Our results revealed a continuous, concentration-dependent decrease in brood survival after 24 h of treatment to the capping and emergence stages. Compared to larvae with a single exposure, the multiply exposed youngest larvae were most sensitive to fungicidal toxicity. The larvae that survived higher concentrations, especially multiple exposures, showed several morphological defects at the adult stage. Moreover, difenoconazole-treated larvae showed a significantly decreased number of granulocytes after 1 h of treatment followed by an increase after 24 h of treatment. Thus, fungicidal contamination poses a great risk as the tested concentrations showed adverse effects on the survival, morphology, and immunity of larval honey bees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gurleen Kaur
- PG Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Amritsar, Amritsar, India
| | - Amandeep Singh
- Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Garhdiwala, Hoshiarpur, India
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | | | - Shushant Tuteja
- PG Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Amritsar, Amritsar, India
| | - Shyamli
- PG Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Amritsar, Amritsar, India
| | - Randeep Singh
- PG Department of Agriculture, Khalsa College Amritsar, Amritsar, India
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Sabat R, Šimaitė D, Gudjonsson JE, Brembach TC, Witte K, Krause T, Kokolakis G, Bartnik E, Nikolaou C, Rill N, Coulibaly B, Levin C, Herrmann M, Salinas G, Leeuw T, Volk HD, Ghoreschi K, Wolk K. Neutrophilic granulocyte-derived B-cell activating factor supports B cells in skin lesions in hidradenitis suppurativa. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2023; 151:1015-1026. [PMID: 36481267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by painful inflamed nodules, abscesses, and pus-draining tunnels appearing in axillary, inguinal, and perianal skin areas. HS lesions contain various types of immigrated immune cells. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to characterize mediators that support lesional B/plasma cell persistence in HS. METHODS Skin samples from several cohorts of HS patients and control cohorts were assessed by mRNA sequencing, quantitative PCR on reverse-transcribed RNA, flow cytometry, and immunohistofluorescence. Blood plasma and cultured skin biopsy samples, keratinocytes, dermal fibroblasts, neutrophilic granulocytes (neutrophils), monocytes, and B cells were analyzed. Complex systems biology approaches were used to evaluate bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing data. RESULTS Proportions of B/plasma cells, neutrophils, CD8+ T cells, and M0 and M1 macrophages were elevated in HS lesions compared to skin of healthy and perilesional intertriginous areas. There was an association between B/plasma cells, neutrophils, and B-cell activating factor (BAFF, aka TNFSF13B). BAFF was abundant in HS lesions, particularly in nodules and abscesses. Among the cell types present in HS lesions, myeloid cells were the main BAFF producers. Mechanistically, granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in the presence of bacterial products was the major stimulus for neutrophils' BAFF secretion. Lesional upregulation of BAFF receptors was attributed to B cells (TNFRSF13C/BAFFR and TNFRSF13B/TACI) and plasma cells (TNFRSF17/BCMA). Characterization of the lesional BAFF pathway revealed molecules involved in migration/adhesion (eg, CXCR4, CD37, CD53, SELL), proliferation/survival (eg, BST2), activation (eg, KLF2, PRKCB), and reactive oxygen species production (eg, NCF1, CYBC1) of B/plasma cells. CONCLUSION Neutrophil-derived BAFF supports B/plasma cell persistence and function in HS lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Sabat
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Interdisciplinary Group Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Deimantė Šimaitė
- Data and Data Sciences, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johann Eli Gudjonsson
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, and Taubman Medical Research Institute, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Theresa-Charlotte Brembach
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Interdisciplinary Group Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Food Chemistry, Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Katrin Witte
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Interdisciplinary Group Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Inflammation and Regeneration of the Skin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torben Krause
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Georgios Kokolakis
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eckart Bartnik
- Immunology & Inflammation Research TA, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Christos Nikolaou
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Interdisciplinary Group Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Natascha Rill
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Interdisciplinary Group Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Béma Coulibaly
- Molecular Histopathology & Bio-Imaging, R&D, Sanofi-Aventis, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Clément Levin
- Molecular Histopathology & Bio-Imaging, R&D, Sanofi-Aventis, Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Matthias Herrmann
- Immunology & Inflammation Research TA, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas
- NGS-Integrative Genomics Core Unit, Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Leeuw
- Immunology & Inflammation Research TA, Sanofi-Aventis Deutschland GmbH, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Volk
- BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kamran Ghoreschi
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wolk
- Psoriasis Research and Treatment Centre, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Interdisciplinary Group Molecular Immunopathology, Dermatology/Medical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Inflammation and Regeneration of the Skin, BIH Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
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Tikhonova I, Dyukina A, Shaykhutdinova E, Safronova V. Modified Signaling of Membrane Formyl Peptide Receptors in NADPH-Oxidase Regulation in Obesity-Resistant Mice. Membranes (Basel) 2023; 13:306. [PMID: 36984693 PMCID: PMC10058262 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13030306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The signaling of membrane receptors is modified in obesity characterized by low-grade inflammation. The obesity-resistant state of organisms is poorly understood. We analyzed the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) initiated though membrane formyl peptide receptors (Fpr1, Fpr2) in bone-marrow granulocytes of obesity-resistant mice (ORM). A chemiluminescence assay was used to assess NADPH-oxidase-related intensity of ROS generation. ORM were chosen from animals that received high-fat diets and had metric body parameters as controls (standard diet). High spontaneous ROS production was observed in ORM cells. The EC50 for responses to bacterial or mitochondrial peptide N-formyl-MLF was higher in ORM with and without inflammation vs. the same control groups, indicating an insignificant role of high-affinity Fpr1. Increased responses to synthetic peptide WKYMVM (Fpr2 agonist) were observed in controls with acute inflammation, but they were similar in other groups. Fpr2 was possibly partially inactivated in ORM owing to the inflammatory state. Weakened Fpr1 and Fpr2 signaling via MAPKs was revealed in ORM using specific inhibitors for p38, ERK1/2, and JNK. P38 signaling via Fpr2 was lower in ORM with inflammation. Thus, a high-fat diet modified FPRs' role and suppressed MAPK signaling in NADPH-oxidase regulation in ORM. This result can be useful to understand the immunological features of obesity resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Tikhonova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Alsu Dyukina
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Elvira Shaykhutdinova
- Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect Nauki, 6, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
| | - Valentina Safronova
- Institute of Cell Biophysics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institutskaya St., 3, 142290 Pushchino, Russia
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Gupta RK, Kumar Verma K, Achari RR. Unique granulated leucocytes in peripheral blood in yellow phosphorous poisoning: An interesting tool for monitoring therapeutic response. Trop Doct 2023; 53:276-278. [PMID: 36683411 DOI: 10.1177/00494755221129670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Yellow phosphorus is one of the most commonly used rodenticides in India for household pest control. It is available as pastes containing 2% to 5% of yellow phosphorus. Yellow phosphorous-containing rodenticides are easily available and account for one of the most common causes of suicidal poisoning in India. We describe a case of yellow phosphorus poisoning in a 17-years-old child who recovered from hepatic encephalopathy and showed unique peripheral smear findings in the form of spurious monocytosis and hypergranulosis of these granulocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Gupta
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, 417408All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Kartavya Kumar Verma
- Department of Pathology and Lab Medicine, 417408All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
| | - Rohini Rokkam Achari
- Department of General Medicine, 417408All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India
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15
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Ong KL, Davis MD, Purnell KK, Cutshall H, Pal HC, Connelly AN, Fay CX, Kuznetsova V, Brown EE, Hel Z. Distinct phenotype of neutrophil, monocyte, and eosinophil populations indicates altered myelopoiesis in a subset of patients with multiple myeloma. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1074779. [PMID: 36733370 PMCID: PMC9888259 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1074779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma (MM), promote systemic immune dysregulation resulting in an alteration and increased plasticity of myeloid cell subsets. To determine the heterogeneity of the myeloid cell compartment in the peripheral blood of patients with MM, we performed a detailed investigation of the phenotype and function of myeloid subpopulations. We report that a subset of MM patients exhibits a specific myeloid cell phenotype indicative of altered myelopoiesis characterized by significant changes in the properties of circulating granulocytic, monocytic, and eosinophilic populations. The subset, referred to as MM2, is defined by a markedly elevated level of CD64 (FcγRI) on the surface of circulating neutrophils. Compared to healthy controls or MM1 patients displaying intermediate levels of CD64, neutrophils from MM2 patients exhibit a less differentiated phenotype, low levels of CD10 and CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2), increased capacity for the production of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and an expansion of CD16neg immature neutrophil subset. Classical and patrolling monocytes from MM2 patients express elevated levels of CD64 and activation markers. MM2 eosinophils display lower levels of C-C Chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4, CD284), and tissue factor (TF, CD142). The MM2 (CD64high) phenotype is independent of age, race, sex, and treatment type. Characteristic features of the MM2 (CD64high) phenotype are associated with myeloma-defining events including elevated involved/uninvolved immunoglobulin free light chain (FLC) ratio at diagnosis. Detailed characterization of the altered myeloid phenotype in multiple myeloma will likely facilitate the identification of patients with an increased risk of disease progression and open new avenues for the rational design of novel therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krystle L. Ong
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Marcus D. Davis
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kalyn K. Purnell
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hannah Cutshall
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Harish C. Pal
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Ashley N. Connelly
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Christian X. Fay
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Valeriya Kuznetsova
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Elizabeth E. Brown
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Zdenek Hel
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,O’Neal Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States,*Correspondence: Zdenek Hel,
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16
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Münz F, Wolfschmitt EM, Zink F, Abele N, Hogg M, Hoffmann A, Gröger M, Calzia E, Waller C, Radermacher P, Merz T. Porcine blood cell and brain tissue energy metabolism: Effects of "early life stress". Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1113570. [PMID: 37138659 PMCID: PMC10150084 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1113570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Early Life Stress (ELS) may exert long-lasting biological effects, e.g., on PBMC energy metabolism and mitochondrial respiration. Data on its effect on brain tissue mitochondrial respiration is scarce, and it is unclear whether blood cell mitochondrial activity mirrors that of brain tissue. This study investigated blood immune cell and brain tissue mitochondrial respiratory activity in a porcine ELS model. Methods: This prospective randomized, controlled, animal investigation comprised 12 German Large White swine of either sex, which were weaned at PND (postnatal day) 28-35 (control) or PND21 (ELS). At 20-24 weeks, animals were anesthetized, mechanically ventilated and surgically instrumented. We determined serum hormone, cytokine, and "brain injury marker" levels, superoxide anion (O2 •¯) formation and mitochondrial respiration in isolated immune cells and immediate post mortem frontal cortex brain tissue. Results: ELS animals presented with higher glucose levels, lower mean arterial pressure. Most determined serum factors did not differ. In male controls, TNFα and IL-10 levels were both higher than in female controls as well as, no matter the gender in ELS animals. MAP-2, GFAP, and NSE were also higher in male controls than in the other three groups. Neither PBMC routine respiration and brain tissue oxidative phosphorylation nor maximal electron transfer capacity in the uncoupled state (ETC) showed any difference between ELS and controls. There was no significant relation between brain tissue and PBMC, ETC, or brain tissue, ETC, and PBMC bioenergetic health index. Whole blood O2 •¯ concentrations and PBMC O2 •¯ production were comparable between groups. However, granulocyte O2 •¯ production after stimulation with E. coli was lower in the ELS group, and this effect was sex-specific: increased O2 •¯ production increased upon stimulation in all control animals, which was abolished in the female ELS swine. Conclusion: This study provides evidence that ELS i) may, gender-specifically, affect the immune response to general anesthesia as well as O2 •¯ radical production at sexual maturity, ii) has limited effects on brain and peripheral blood immune cell mitochondrial respiratory activity, and iii) mitochondrial respiratory activity of peripheral blood immune cells and brain tissue do not correlate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Münz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Eva-Maria Wolfschmitt
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zink
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Nadja Abele
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Melanie Hogg
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andrea Hoffmann
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Michael Gröger
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Enrico Calzia
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christiane Waller
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Nuremberg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Peter Radermacher
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Tamara Merz
- Institute for Anesthesiological Pathophysiology and Process Engineering, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- Clinic for Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
- *Correspondence: Tamara Merz,
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Osiecka O, Skrzeczynska-Moncznik J, Morytko A, Mazur A, Majewski P, Bilska B, Kapinska-Mrowiecka M, Kosalka-Wegiel J, Pastuszczak M, Pyza E, Cichy J. Secretory Leukocyte Protease Inhibitor Is Present in Circulating and Tissue-Recruited Human Eosinophils and Regulates Their Migratory Function. Front Immunol 2022; 12:737231. [PMID: 35095834 PMCID: PMC8789888 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.737231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils and secretory leukocyte protease inhibitor (SLPI) are both associated with Th2 immune responses and allergic diseases, but whether the fact that they are both implicated in these conditions is pathophysiologically related remains unknown. Here we demonstrate that human eosinophils derived from normal individuals are one of the major sources of SLPI among circulating leukocytes. SLPI was found to be stored in the crystalline core of eosinophil granules, and its dislocation/rearrangement in the crystalline core likely resulted in changes in immunostaining for SLPI in these cells. High levels of SLPI were also detected in blood eosinophils from patients with allergy-associated diseases marked by eosinophilia. These include individuals with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) and atopic dermatitis (AD), who were also found to have elevated SLPI levels in their plasma. In addition to the circulating eosinophils, diseased skin of AD patients also contained SLPI-positive eosinophils. Exogenous, recombinant SLPI increased numbers of migratory eosinophils and supported their chemotactic response to CCL11, one of the key chemokines that regulate eosinophil migratory cues. Together, these findings suggest a role for SLPI in controlling Th2 pathophysiologic processes via its impact on and/or from eosinophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oktawia Osiecka
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Skrzeczynska-Moncznik
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Morytko
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Angelika Mazur
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Pawel Majewski
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bernadetta Bilska
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Joanna Kosalka-Wegiel
- II Department of Internal Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.,Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital, Kraków, Poland
| | - Maciej Pastuszczak
- Department of Dermatology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Pyza
- Department of Cell Biology and Imaging, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Cichy
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Kraków, Poland
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Virok DP, Tömösi F, Keller-Pintér A, Szabó K, Bogdanov A, Poliska S, Rázga Z, Bruszel B, Cseh Z, Kókai D, Paróczai D, Endrész V, Janáky T, Burián K. Indoleamine 2,3-Dioxygenase Cannot Inhibit Chlamydia trachomatis Growth in HL-60 Human Neutrophil Granulocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 12:717311. [PMID: 34819931 PMCID: PMC8606673 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.717311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Neutrophil granulocytes are the major cells involved in Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis)-mediated inflammation and histopathology. A key protein in human intracellular antichlamydial defense is the tryptophan-degrading enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) which limits the growth of the tryptophan auxotroph Chlamydia. Despite its importance, the role of IDO in the intracellular defense against Chlamydia in neutrophils is not well characterized. Methods Global gene expression screen was used to evaluate the effect of C. trachomatis serovar D infection on the transcriptome of human neutrophil granulocytes. Tryptophan metabolite concentrations in the Chlamydia-infected and/or interferon-gamma (IFNG)-treated neutrophils were measured by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC–MS/MS). Results Our results indicate that the C. trachomatis infection had a major impact on neutrophil gene expression, inducing 1,295 genes and repressing 1,510 genes. A bioinformatics analysis revealed that important factors involved in the induction of neutrophil gene expression were the interferon-related transcription factors such as IRF1-5, IRF7-9, STAT2, ICSB, and ISGF3. One of the upregulated genes was ido1, a known infection- and interferon-induced host gene. The tryptophan-degrading activity of IDO1 was not induced significantly by Chlamydia infection alone, but the addition of IFNG greatly increased its activity. Despite the significant IDO activity in IFNG-treated cells, C. trachomatis growth was not affected by IFNG. This result was in contrast to what we observed in HeLa human cervical epithelial cells, where the IFNG-mediated inhibition of C. trachomatis growth was significant and the IFNG-induced IDO activity correlated with growth inhibition. Conclusions IDO activity was not able to inhibit chlamydial growth in human neutrophils. Whether the IDO activity was not high enough for inhibition or other chlamydial growth-promoting host mechanisms were induced in the infected and interferon-treated neutrophils needs to be further investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dezső P Virok
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Tömösi
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | | | - Kitti Szabó
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anita Bogdanov
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Poliska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Rázga
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Bella Bruszel
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsanna Cseh
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dávid Kókai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Dóra Paróczai
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Valéria Endrész
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Tamás Janáky
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Interdisciplinary Centre of Excellence, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Katalin Burián
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Health Center and Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
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19
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Stankiewicz MJ, Du J, Martinico D, Ackerman SJ. CCAAT/Enhancer-Binding Protein ε 27 Antagonism of GATA-1 Transcriptional Activity in the Eosinophil Is Mediated by a Unique N-Terminal Repression Domain, Is Independent of Sumoylation and Does Not Require DNA Binding. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:12689. [PMID: 34884493 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein epsilon (C/EBPε) is required for eosinophil differentiation, lineage-specific gene transcription, and expression of C/EBPε32 and shorter 27kD and 14kD isoforms is developmentally regulated during this process. We previously defined the 27kD isoform (C/EBPε27) as an antagonist of GATA-1 transactivation of the eosinophil's major basic protein-1 (MBP1) P2-promoter, showing C/EBPε27 and GATA-1 physically interact. In the current study, we used a Tat-C/EBPε27 fusion protein for cell/nuclear transduction of an eosinophil myelocyte cell line to demonstrate that C/EBPε27 is a potent repressor of MBP1 transcription. We performed structure-function analyses of C/EBPε27 mapping its repressor domains, comparing it to C/EBPε32 and C/EBPε14, using GATA-1 co-transactivation of the MBP1-P2 promoter. Results show C/EBPε27 repression of GATA-1 is mediated by its unique 68aa N-terminus combined with previously identified RDI domain. This repressor activity does not require, but is enhanced by, DNA binding via the basic region of C/EBPε27 but independent of sumoylation of the RDI core "VKEEP" sumoylation site. These findings identify the N-terminus of C/EBPε27 as the minimum repressor domain required for antagonism of GATA-1 in the eosinophil. C/EBPε27 repression of GATA-1 occurs via a combination of both C/EBPε27-GATA-1 protein-protein interaction and C/EBPε27 binding to a C/EBP site in the MBP1 promoter. The C/EBPε27 isoform may serve to titrate and/or turn off eosinophil granule protein genes like MBP1 during eosinophil differentiation, as these genes are ultimately silenced in the mature cell. Understanding the functionality of C/EBPε27 in eosinophil development may prove promising in developing therapeutics that reduce eosinophil proliferation in allergic diseases.
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20
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Klinkmann G, Doss F, Goudeva L, Doss S, Blasczyk R, Milej M, Koch S, Mitzner S, Altrichter J. Prolonged storage of purified granulocyte concentrates: Introduction of a new purification method. Transfusion 2021; 62:194-204. [PMID: 34783358 DOI: 10.1111/trf.16732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Use of donor granulocyte concentrate (GC) has been limited due to its short storage time of 6-24 h, which is partially due to residual red blood cells (RBCs) and platelets and the resulting lactate production leading to an acidotic milieu. To increase this storage time, we developed a closed system procedure compatible with standard blood bank technologies to remove RBC and platelets and to enrich the GC. METHODS Standard GCs (sGCs) were sedimented, washed twice with 0.9% sodium chloride (NaCl), and resuspended in blood group-identical fresh frozen plasma. The resulting purified GCs (pGCs) were then stored in platelet bags at a cell concentration of about 5 × 107 ± 1.8 × 107 leukocytes/ml without agitation at room temperature for up to 72 h. Cell count and viability, pH, blood gases, phagocytosis, and oxidative burst were monitored daily. RESULTS A significant reduction in RBC (98%) through sedimentation, and platelets (96%) by washing, purified the white blood cell (WBC) population and enriched the granulocytes to 96% of the WBC in the pGC. After 72 h of storage, over 90% of the initial WBC count of pGC remained, was viable (≥97%), and the granulocytes exhibited a high phagocytosis and oxidative burst functionality, comparable to sGC after 24 h. CONCLUSION Purification extends the maximum storage period of GC from 24 to 72 h and may therefore improve the availability of GC and its clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerd Klinkmann
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Lilia Goudeva
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sandra Doss
- Artcline GmbH, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Extracorporeal Immunomodulation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Rainer Blasczyk
- Institute of Transfusion Medicine and Transplant Engineering, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Stephanie Koch
- Department of Extracorporeal Immunomodulation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Rostock, Germany
| | - Steffen Mitzner
- Artcline GmbH, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Extracorporeal Immunomodulation, Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology, Rostock, Germany.,Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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21
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Jones R, Manickam C, Ram DR, Kroll K, Hueber B, Woolley G, Shah SV, Smith S, Varner V, Reeves RK. Systemic and mucosal mobilization of granulocyte subsets during lentiviral infection. Immunology 2021; 164:348-357. [PMID: 34037988 PMCID: PMC8442246 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes mediate broad immunoprotection through phagocytosis, extracellular traps, release of cytotoxic granules, antibody effector functions and recruitment of other immune cells against pathogens. However, descriptions of granulocytes in HIV infection and mucosal tissues are limited. Our goal was to characterize granulocyte subsets in systemic, mucosal and lymphoid tissues during lentiviral infection using the rhesus macaque (RM) model. Mononuclear cells from jejunum, colon, cervix, vagina, lymph nodes, spleen, liver and whole blood from experimentally naïve and chronically SHIVsf162p3-infected RM were analysed by microscopy and polychromatic flow cytometry. Granulocytes were identified using phenotypes designed specifically for RM: eosinophils-CD45+ CD66+ CD49d+ ; neutrophils-CD45+ CD66+ CD14+ ; and basophils-CD45+ CD123+ FcRε+ . Nuclear visualization with DAPI staining and surface marker images by ImageStream (cytometry/microscopy) further confirmed granulocytic phenotypes. Flow cytometric data showed that all RM granulocytes expressed CD32 (FcRγII) but did not express CD16 (FcRγIII). Additionally, constitutive expression of CD64 (FcRγI) on neutrophils and FcRε on basophils indicates the differential expression of Fc receptors on granulocyte subsets. Granulocytic subsets in naïve whole blood ranged from 25·4% to 81·5% neutrophils, 0·59% to 13·3% eosinophils and 0·059% to 1·8% basophils. Interestingly, elevated frequencies of circulating neutrophils, colorectal neutrophils and colorectal eosinophils were all observed in chronic lentiviral disease. Conversely, circulating basophils, jejunal eosinophils, vaginal neutrophils and vaginal eosinophils of SHIVsf162p3-infected RM declined in frequency. Overall, our data suggest modulation of granulocytes in chronic lentiviral infection, most notably in the gastrointestinal mucosae where a significant inflammation and disruption occurs in lentivirus-induced disease. Furthermore, granulocytes may migrate to inflamed tissues during infection and could serve as targets of immunotherapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhianna Jones
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Cordelia Manickam
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Daniel R. Ram
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Kyle Kroll
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Brady Hueber
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Griffin Woolley
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Spandan V. Shah
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Scott Smith
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Valerie Varner
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - R. Keith Reeves
- Center for Virology and Vaccine ResearchBeth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, MIT, and HarvardCambridgeMAUSA
- Division of Innate and Comparative Immunology, Center for Human Systems ImmunologyDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNCUSA
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22
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Hu J, Du Y, Meng M, Dong Y, Peng J. Development of two continuous hemocyte cell sublines in the Asian corn borer Ostrinia furnacalis and the identification of molecular markers for hemocytes. Insect Sci 2021; 28:1382-1398. [PMID: 32700449 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 07/05/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Granulocytes and plasmatocytes play important roles in clearing foreign objects in insects, but it is difficult to distinguish between them in immune reactions. Based on the hemocyte cell line SYSU-OfHe-C established at our lab, two cell sublines, SYSU-OfHe-C Granulocyte (Gr cells) and SYSU-OfHe-C Plasmatocyte (Pl cells), which possess the morphological characteristics of granulocytes and plasmatocytes, respectively, were established. Gr and Pl cells showed different behaviors in immune reactions, such as spreading, phagocytosis and encapsulation. Pl cells were easier to spread, but Gr cells tended to undergo aggregation, indicating that they may take different strategies to clear foreign objects. These results also suggested that granulocytes and plasmatocytes may express some different proteins. By comparing the gene expression in cells from the two sublines, 1662 differentially expressed genes were identified, and 13 out of 30 transmembrane proteins highly expressed in Pl cells (six) or Gr cells (seven) were further screened and confirmed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Finally, three transmembrane genes specifically expressed in Pl cells and two transmembrane genes specifically expressed in Gr cells were screened out based on their expressions in immune reactions by quantitative PCR analysis. These genes may potentially be used as molecular markers to distinguish between granulocytes and plasmatocytes in Ostrinia furnacalis, and further to clarify the functions of immune hemocytes in cellular immune reaction such as encapsulation and so on.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Hu
- School of Agriculture, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yan Du
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Meng Meng
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Yipei Dong
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Jiewen Peng
- State key Laboratory of Biocontrol, School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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23
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Garratt LW. Current Understanding of the Neutrophil Transcriptome in Health and Disease. Cells 2021; 10:2406. [PMID: 34572056 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Neutrophils are key cells of the innate immune system. It is now understood that this leukocyte population is diverse in both the basal composition and functional plasticity. Underlying this plasticity is a post-translational framework for rapidly achieving early activation states, but also a transcriptional capacity that is becoming increasingly recognized by immunologists. Growing interest in the contribution of neutrophils to health and disease has resulted in more efforts to describe their transcriptional activity. Whilst initial efforts focused predominantly on understanding the existing biology, investigations with advanced methods such as single cell RNA sequencing to understand interactions of the entire immune system are revealing higher flexibility in neutrophil transcription than previously thought possible and multiple transition states. It is now apparent that neutrophils utilise many forms of RNA in the regulation of their function. This review collates current knowledge on the nuclei structure and gene expression activity of human neutrophils across homeostasis and disease, before highlighting knowledge gaps that are research priority areas.
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24
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Chang Y, Kim JW, Yang S, Chung DH, Ko JS, Moon JS, Kim HY. Increased GM-CSF-producing NCR - ILC3s and neutrophils in the intestinal mucosa exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1311. [PMID: 34262760 PMCID: PMC8264747 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterised by dysregulated mucosal immune responses associated with genetic, environmental and microbial factors. Recent therapies targeting key inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)‐α emphasise the importance of innate immunity in the development of IBD. Methods We examined the distribution of innate immune cells such as innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) and myeloid cells in the intestinal epithelium from children diagnosed as IBD and murine models of colitis induced by dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) or an anti‐CD40 antibodies. Results We found an increased number of type 3 ILCs (ILC3s) that do not express the natural cytotoxicity receptor (NCR) and neutrophils, in both human IBD patients and colitis‐induced mice. A co‐culture experiment of neutrophils with NCR‐ ILC3s revealed that NCR‐ ILC3s stimulate neutrophils by producing granulocyte–macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (GM‐CSF). Furthermore, a blockade of GM‐CSF could inhibit the development of IBD by inhibiting neutrophil activity. Conclusion The NCR‐ ILC3: GM‐CSF: neutrophil axis could contribute to the development of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuna Chang
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Ju Whi Kim
- Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Siyoung Yang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences Ajou University Graduate School of Medicine Suwon Korea.,Department of Pharmacology Ajou University School of Medicine Suwon Korea
| | - Doo Hyun Chung
- Department of Pathology Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea.,Laboratory of Immune Regulation Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Jae Sung Ko
- Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Jin Soo Moon
- Department of Pediatrics Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea
| | - Hye Young Kim
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunology Department of Biomedical Sciences Seoul National University College of Medicine Seoul Korea.,Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Seoul National University Medical Research Center Seoul Korea
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25
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Dahlstrand Rudin A, Khamzeh A, Venkatakrishnan V, Basic A, Christenson K, Bylund J. Short chain fatty acids released by Fusobacterium nucleatum are neutrophil chemoattractants acting via free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2). Cell Microbiol 2021; 23:e13348. [PMID: 33913592 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is a gram-negative and anaerobic oral commensal that is implicated in inflammatory conditions of the tooth-supporting structures, that is, periodontal diseases. One of the main characteristics of these conditions is an accumulation of neutrophil granulocytes in the gingival pockets where bacteria reside. Neutrophils are recruited to tissue-residing microbes by gradients of bacteria derived chemoattractants, and the cellular migration over the pocket epithelium into the gingival pocket is likely governed by chemoattractants released by the amino acid fermenting anaerobes typically colonising this site. However, the chemoattractants released by F. nucleatum and other oral anaerobes have long been unidentified. In the present study, we show that the major chemoattractants released during the growth of F. nucleatum are short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), primarily acetate and butyrate. These SCFAs, that are released at high levels as end-products of the metabolism of F. nucleatum, trigger chemotaxis of human neutrophils, as well as cytosolic Ca2+ signals, via free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2). This finding establishes the SCFA-FFAR2 interaction as an important mechanism in the recruitment of neutrophils to the periodontal pocket, but could also be of importance in the pathogenesis of other medical conditions involving colonisation/infection of F. nucleatum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Dahlstrand Rudin
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arsham Khamzeh
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Amina Basic
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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26
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Endo Y, Yonekawa M, Kukita K, Katagiri M, Matsumoto T, Kawasaki K, Yanai S, Kato S, Kani K, Ogawa T, Kitamura K, Hasegawa I, Inoue Y, Doi T, Higuchi K, Kawakami K, Kakimoto K, Nakamura H. Novel adsorptive type apheresis device Immunopure for ulcerative colitis from clinical perspectives based on clinical trials: Japan and Europe. Ther Apher Dial 2021; 25:432-436. [PMID: 33885215 PMCID: PMC8359836 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Several adsorptive type devices for ulcerative colitis are used for the induction of remission in patients with active severe disease worldwide. In 2020, the novel apheresis device Immunopure for ulcerative colitis was launched in Japan. Immunopure, like the polyethylene terephthalate column, uses polyarylate, a type of polyester resin, as the adsorbent. Similar to the cellulose acetate column, Immunopure is filled with adsorbent beads and expected to provide ease of use, with minimal risk of column clogging. Immunopure adsorbs leukocytes and platelets, especially activated platelets and platelet‐leukocyte aggregates. In this article, the capability of Immunopure is evaluated from clinical perspective based on a clinical trial in Japan/Europe. As a result, Immunopure is comparable to other products in clinical effectiveness and indicated for the treatment of patients with refractory moderate ulcerative colitis, making it highly useful in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Endo
- Department of Clinical Nursing, Shiga University of Medical Science, Otsu, Japan
| | - Motoki Yonekawa
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kukita
- Department of Surgery, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Masaki Katagiri
- Department of Gastroenterology, Sapporo Hokuyu Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Matsumoto
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Kawasaki
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Shunichi Yanai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Iwate Medical University, Yahaba, Japan
| | - Shingo Kato
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Kani
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomonari Ogawa
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Saitama Medical Center, Saitama Medical University, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kitamura
- Department of Gastroenterology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Japan
| | - Izumi Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takuya Doi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japan Community Health Care Organization Chukyo Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuhide Higuchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Ken Kawakami
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Kazuki Kakimoto
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Nakamura
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shin-Koga Hospital, Kurume, Japan
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Li H, Shen W, Xu Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Ding Z, Xie Z, Zhang Y. Granulocytes Acquire Antiapoptosis Activity and Promote Tumor Growth during Tumor Progress. Glob Med Genet 2021; 8:72-77. [PMID: 33987627 PMCID: PMC8110362 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Granulocytes play important roles in cancer, and their apoptotic status is often changed by the influence of tumor environment. However, the changes and the function on granulocyte apoptosis in cancer are unclear. In this study, we used tumor-bearing mouse model and tumor patients to analyzed the apoptosis of granulocytes in different tissues by flow analysis and TUNEL fluorescence staining, and found that the percentage of apoptosis cells in granulocytes was significantly decreased in late-stage tumor-bearing mouse and patients. The in vitro co-culture experiment showed that these antiapoptotic granulocytes could significantly inhibit T cell proliferation, and RNA-seq proved that there was obvious difference on the transcriptome between these cells and control cells, particularly immune-related genes. What is important, adoptive transfer of these antiapoptotic granulocytes promoted tumor progress in mouse model. Conclusively, we found that granulocytes in late-stage tumor could delay the process of apoptosis, inhibit T cell proliferation, and acquire pro-tumor activity, which provides a new therapeutic target for tumor immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyan Shen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanjie Xu
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zien Wang
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Linghao Wang
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zequn Ding
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiyuan Xie
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Med-X Research Institute & School of Biomedical Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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Vonwirth V, Bülbül Y, Werner A, Echchannaoui H, Windschmitt J, Habermeier A, Ioannidis S, Shin N, Conradi R, Bros M, Tenzer S, Theobald M, Closs EI, Munder M. Inhibition of Arginase 1 Liberates Potent T Cell Immunostimulatory Activity of Human Neutrophil Granulocytes. Front Immunol 2021; 11:617699. [PMID: 33717053 PMCID: PMC7952869 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.617699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid cell arginase-mediated arginine depletion with consecutive inhibition of T cell functions is a key component of tumor immune escape. Both, granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (G-MDSC) and conventional mature human polymorphonuclear neutrophil granulocytes (PMN) express high levels of arginase 1 and can act as suppressor cells of adaptive anti-cancer immunity. Here we demonstrate that pharmacological inhibition of PMN-derived arginase 1 not only prevents the suppression of T cell functions but rather leads to a strong hyperactivation of T cells. Human PMN were incubated in cell culture medium in the absence or presence of an arginase inhibitor. T cells from healthy donors were then activated either polyclonally or in an antigen-specific manner in the supernatants of the PMN cultures at different PMN-T cell ratios. T cell proliferation was completely suppressed in these supernatants in the absence of an arginase inhibitor. Arginase inhibition led to a strong hyperinduction of T cell proliferation, which exceeded control activation conditions up to 25-fold. The hyperinduction was correlated with higher PMN-T cell ratios and was only apparent when PMN arginase activity was blocked sufficiently. The T cell stimulatory factor was liberated very early by PMN and was present in the < 3 kDa fraction of the PMN supernatants. Increased T cell production of specific proinflammatory cytokines by PMN supernatant in the presence of arginase inhibitor was apparent. Upon arginase inhibition, downregulation of important T cell membrane activation and costimulation proteins was completely prevented or de novo induction accelerated. Antigen-specific T cell cytotoxicity against tumor cells was enhanced by PMN supernatant itself and could be further increased by PMN arginase blockade. Finally, we analyzed anergic T cells from multiple myeloma patients and noticed a complete reversal of anergy and the induction of strong proliferation upon T cell activation in PMN supernatants by arginase inhibition. In summary, we discovered a potent PMN-mediated hyperactivation of human T cells, which is apparent only when PMN arginase-mediated arginine depletion is concurrently inhibited. Our findings are clearly relevant for the analysis and prevention of human tumor immune escape in conjunction with the application of arginase inhibitors already being developed clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Vonwirth
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Yagmur Bülbül
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Anke Werner
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Hakim Echchannaoui
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Johannes Windschmitt
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alice Habermeier
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Niu Shin
- Incyte Research Institute, Incyte Corporation, Wilmington, DE, United States
| | - Roland Conradi
- Transfusion Center, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute of Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Theobald
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Frankfurt/Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center of Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Ellen Ildicho Closs
- Department of Pharmacology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Markus Munder
- Third Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology and Pneumology), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center of Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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29
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Dahlstrand Rudin A, Khamzeh A, Venkatakrishnan V, Persson T, Gabl M, Savolainen O, Forsman H, Dahlgren C, Christenson K, Bylund J. Porphyromonas gingivalis Produce Neutrophil Specific Chemoattractants Including Short Chain Fatty Acids. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 10:620681. [PMID: 33542906 PMCID: PMC7851090 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2020.620681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutrophil migration from blood to tissue-residing microbes is governed by a series of chemoattractant gradients of both endogenous and microbial origin. Periodontal disease is characterized by neutrophil accumulation in the gingival pocket, recruited by the subgingival biofilm consisting mainly of gram-negative, anaerobic and proteolytic species such as Porphyromonas gingivalis. The fact that neutrophils are the dominating cell type in the gingival pocket suggests that neutrophil-specific chemoattractants are released by subgingival bacteria, but characterization of chemoattractants released by subgingival biofilm species remains incomplete. In the present study we characterized small (< 3 kDa) soluble chemoattractants released by growing P. gingivalis, and show that these are selective for neutrophils. Most neutrophil chemoattractant receptors are expressed also by mononuclear phagocytes, the free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) being an exception. In agreement with the selective neutrophil recruitment, the chemotactic activity found in P. gingivalis supernatants was mediated in part by a mixture of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that are recognized by FFAR2, and other leukocytes (including monocytes) did not respond to SCFA stimulation. Although SCFAs, produced by bacterial fermentation of dietary fiber in the gut, has previously been shown to utilize FFAR2, our data demonstrate that the pronounced proteolytic metabolism employed by P. gingivalis (and likely also other subgingival biofilm bacteria associated with periodontal diseases) may result in the generation of SCFAs that attract neutrophils to the gingival pocket. This finding highlights the interaction between SCFAs and FFAR2 in the context of P. gingivalis colonization during periodontal disease, but may also have implications for other inflammatory pathologies involving proteolytic bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Dahlstrand Rudin
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Arsham Khamzeh
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Vignesh Venkatakrishnan
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Tishana Persson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Michael Gabl
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Otto Savolainen
- Chalmers Mass Spectrometry Infrastructure, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Huamei Forsman
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Claes Dahlgren
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Christenson
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Johan Bylund
- Department of Oral Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Odontology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Abstract
Horses worldwide suffer from equine recurrent uveitis (ERU), an organ-specific, immune-mediated disease with painful, remitting-relapsing inflammatory attacks alternating with periods of quiescence, which ultimately leads to blindness. In course of disease, both eyes can eventually be affected and since blind horses pose a threat to themselves and their surroundings, these animals have to be killed. Therefore, this disease is highly relevant for veterinary medicine. Additionally, ERU shows strong clinical and pathological resemblance to autoimmune uveitis in man. The exact cause for the onset of ERU is unclear to date. T cells are believed to be the main effector cells in this disease, as they overcome the blood retinal barrier to invade the eye, an organ physiologically devoid of peripheral immune cells. These cells cause severe intraocular inflammation, especially in their primary target, the retina. With every inflammatory episode, retinal degeneration increases until eyesight is completely lost. In ERU, T cells show an activated phenotype, with enhanced deformability and migration ability, which is reflected in the composition of their proteome and downstream interaction pathways even in quiescent stage of disease. Besides the dysregulation of adaptive immune cells, emerging evidence suggests that cells of the innate immune system may also directly contribute to ERU pathogenesis. As investigations in both the target organ and the periphery have rapidly evolved in recent years, giving new insights on pathogenesis-associated processes on cellular and molecular level, this review summarizes latest developments in ERU research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roxane L Degroote
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Cornelia A Deeg
- Chair of Physiology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
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31
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Bonetto RM, Castel P, Robert SP, Tassistro VM, Claeys-Bruno M, Sergent M, Delecourt CA, Cowen D, Carcopino X, Orsière TG. Evaluation of PIG-A-mutated granulocytes and ex-vivo binucleated micronucleated lymphocytes frequencies after breast cancer radiotherapy in humans. Environ Mol Mutagen 2021; 62:18-28. [PMID: 33169419 DOI: 10.1002/em.22413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Although the PIG-A gene mutation frequency (MF) is considered a good proxy to evaluate the somatic MF in animals, evidence remains scarce in humans. In this study, a granulocyte PIG-A-mutant assay was evaluated in patients undergoing radiation therapy (RT) for breast cancer. Breast cancer patients undergoing adjuvant RT were prospectively enrolled. RT involved the whole breast, with (WBNRT) or without (WBRT) nodal area irradiation. Blood samples were obtained from participants before (T0) RT, and T1, T2, and T3 samples were collected 3 weeks after the initiation of RT, at the end of RT, and at least 10 weeks after RT discontinuation, respectively. The MF was assessed using a flow cytometry protocol identifying PIG-A-mutant granulocytes. Cytokinesis-blocked micronucleated lymphocyte (CBML) frequencies were also evaluated. Thirty patients were included, and five of them had received chemotherapy prior to RT. The mean (±SD) PIG-A MFs were 7.7 (±12.1) per million at T0, 5.2 (±8.6) at T1, 6.4 (±8.0) at T2 and 3.8 (±36.0) at T3. No statistically significant increases were observed between the PIG-A MF at T0 and the MFs at other times. RT significantly increased the CBML frequencies: 7.9 ‰ (±3.1‰) versus 33.6‰ (±17.2‰) (p < .0001). By multivariate analysis, the CBML frequency was correlated with age at RT initiation (p = .043) and irradiation volume at RT discontinuation (p = .0001) but not with chemotherapy. RT for breast cancer therapy failed to induce an increase in the PIG-A MF. The PIG-A assay in humans needs further evaluation, in various genotoxic exposures and including various circulating human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rémi M Bonetto
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, CHU TIMONE, Service de Radiothérapie-Oncologie, Marseille, France
| | - Pierre Castel
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Stéphane P Robert
- Aix Marseille University, INSERM, INRA, C2VN, AMUTICYT Core Facility, Faculté de Pharmacie, Marseille, France
| | - Virginie M Tassistro
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Magalie Claeys-Bruno
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Michelle Sergent
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Camille A Delecourt
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
| | - Didier Cowen
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, CHU TIMONE, Service de Radiothérapie-Oncologie, Marseille, France
| | - Xavier Carcopino
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille University, APHM, CHU NORD, Service de Gynécologie-Obstétrique, Marseille, France
| | - Thierry G Orsière
- Aix Marseille University, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBE, Marseille, France
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32
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Onai N, Ogasawara C. Calcium Pyrophosphate Dihydrate Crystals Increase the Granulocyte/Monocyte Progenitor (GMP) and Enhance Granulocyte and Monocyte Differentiation In Vivo. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 22:ijms22010262. [PMID: 33383835 PMCID: PMC7794855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22010262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate (CPPD) crystals are formed locally within the joints, leading to pseudogout. Although the mobilization of local granulocytes can be observed in joints where pseudogout has manifested, the mechanism of this activity remains poorly understood. In this study, CPPD crystals were administered to mice, and the dynamics of splenic and peripheral blood myeloid cells were analyzed. As a result, levels of both granulocytes and monocytes were found to increase following CPPD crystal administration in a concentration-dependent manner, with a concomitant decrease in lymphocytes in the peripheral blood. In contrast, the levels of other cells, such as dendritic cell subsets, T-cells, and B-cells, remained unchanged in the spleen, following CPPD crystal administration. Furthermore, an increase in granulocytes/monocyte progenitors (GMPs) and a decrease in megakaryocyte/erythrocyte progenitors (MEPs) were also observed in the bone marrow. In addition, CPPD administration induced production of IL-1β, which acts on hematopoietic stem cells and hematopoietic progenitors and promotes myeloid cell differentiation and expansion. These results suggest that CPPD crystals act as a “danger signal” to induce IL-1β production, resulting in changes in course of hematopoietic progenitor cell differentiation and in increased granulocyte/monocyte levels, and contributing to the development of gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuyuki Onai
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-218-8120; Fax: +81-76-218-8121
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33
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Bolton L, Acho TM, Stones DK, Hui C. Describing the evolution of myeloid-derived leucocytes in treated B-lineage paediatric acute lymphoblastic leukaemia with a data-driven granulocyte-monocyte-blast model. Math Med Biol 2020; 37:433-468. [PMID: 32306040 DOI: 10.1093/imammb/dqaa003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) is associated with a compromised myeloid system. Understanding the state of granulopoiesis in a patient during treatment, places the clinician in an advantageous position. Mathematical models are aids able to present the clinician with insight into the behaviour of myeloid-derived leucocytes. The main objective of this investigation was to determine whether a proposed model of ALL during induction therapy would be a usable descriptor of the system. The model assumes the co-occurrence of the independent leukaemic and normal marrow populations. It is comprised of four delay-differential equations, capturing the fundamental characteristics of the blood and bone marrow myeloid leucocytes and B-lineage lymphoblasts. The effect of treatment was presumed to amplify cell loss within both populations. Clinical data was used to inform the construction, calibration and examination of the model. The model is promising-presenting a good foundation for the development of a clinical supportive tool. The predicted parameters and forecasts aligned with clinical expectations. The starting assumptions were also found to be sound. A comparative investigation highlighted the differing responses of similarly diagnosed patients during treatment and further testing on patient data emphasized patient specificity. Model examination recommended the explicit consideration of the suppressive effects of treatment on the normal population production. Additionally, patient-related factors that could have resulted in such different responses between patients need to be considered. The parameter estimates require refinement to incorporate the action of treatment. Furthermore, the myeloid populations require separate consideration. Despite the model providing explanation, incorporating these recommendations would enhance both model usability and predictive capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larisse Bolton
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, 19 Jonkershoek Road, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Thomas M Acho
- Department of Mathematics and Applied Mathematics, University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - David K Stones
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health (G69), University of the Free State, PO Box 339, Bloemfontein 9300, South Africa
| | - Cang Hui
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Private Bag X1, Matieland 7602 and Mathematical Biosciences Group, African Institute for Mathematical Sciences, Cape Town 7945, South Africa
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34
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Nishise S, Takeda Y, Abe Y, Sasaki Y, Saitoh S, Nara H, Asao H, Ueno Y. Physiological heating augments the anti-inflammatory reactions during granulocyte/monocyte apheresis: A in vitro study. Ther Apher Dial 2020; 25:671-680. [PMID: 33067913 DOI: 10.1111/1744-9987.13600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte and monocyte adsorptive apheresis (GMA), an effective therapy for inflammatory disorders, exerts an anti-inflammatory influence by utilizing the biological reaction between blood and cellulose acetate (CA) beads, which are the carriers of the GMA column. Although the biological reaction has an optimum temperature, blood contacts the CA beads below body temperature as GMA is performed in an extracorporeal circulation system. We investigated various soluble factors in blood treated with CA beads at 25°C and 37°C. Here, the optimal temperature for IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) release induced by CA beads was 37°C, and IL-6 production from monocytic cells was inhibited by the addition of plasma prepared from the CA bead-treated blood at 37°C, rather than at 25°C. These results indicated that physiological heating of the apheresis carrier augmented the anti-inflammatory reaction in vitro. Thus, heating during GMA may be a new approach for augmenting clinical efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoichi Nishise
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan.,Department of Health Management, Tohoku Central Hospital for Public School Teachers, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yuji Takeda
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yasuhiko Abe
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yu Sasaki
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Shinichi Saitoh
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Nara
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Hironobu Asao
- Department of Immunology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Ueno
- Department of Gastroenterology, Yamagata University Faculty of Medicine, Yamagata, Japan
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35
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Browne T, Dearman RJ, Poles A. Human neutrophil antigens: Nature, clinical significance and detection. Int J Immunogenet 2020; 48:145-156. [PMID: 32970372 DOI: 10.1111/iji.12514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Granulocytes are an essential part of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Human neutrophil antigens (HNAs) are a family of epitopes that are located on glycoproteins that are mostly expressed on human granulocytes. Antibodies that recognize these epitopes have been associated with neutropenia, transfusion complications, haematopoietic stem cell transplant nonengraftment and renal transplant rejection. Currently, there are fourteen recognized HNA alleles across five antigen systems (HNA-1 through HNA-5), the molecular basis of which are located on the genes FCGR3B, CD177, SLC44A2, ITGAM and ITGAL, respectively. Elucidation of the associated genes has permitted the development of testing strategies for HNA typing and aided understanding of the associated epitopes. This review will outline the associated clinical conditions that require HNA investigation and how these are performed in specialized laboratories. Investigations provided are both reactive for patients with a variety of existing or suspected neutropenias and proactive in the testing of blood component donors in order to reduce the potential risk to patients who require transfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Browne
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca J Dearman
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Anthony Poles
- Histocompatibility and Immunogenetics Laboratory, NHS Blood and Transplant, Filton, Bristol, UK
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36
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Tavukcuoglu E, Horzum U, Yanik H, Uner A, Yoyen-Ermis D, Nural SK, Aydin B, Sokmensuer C, Karakoc D, Yilmaz KB, Hamaloglu E, Esendagli G. Human splenic polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) are strategically located immune regulatory cells in cancer. Eur J Immunol 2020; 50:2067-2074. [PMID: 32691408 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202048666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
In contrast to the mouse, functional assets of polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSC) in the human spleen remain to be better elucidated. Here, we report that the spleen in gastric and pancreatic cancer adopts an immune regulatory character, harbors excessive amount of PMN-MDSC, and anatomically enables their interaction with T cells. Compared to the peripheral blood, the spleen from cancer patients contained significantly higher levels of low-density PMN-MDSC, but not early-stage MDSC (e-MDSC) and monocytic-MDSC (M-MDSC). Low-density fraction of polymorphonuclear (PMN) cells was enriched in immature myeloid cells and displayed higher levels of CD10, CD16, and ROS than their blood-derived counterparts. They were also positive for PD-L1, LOX-1, and pSTAT3. The white pulp and periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (PALS) were strategically surrounded by PMN cells that were in contact with T cells. Unlike those from the blood, both low-density and normal-density PMN cells from the human spleen suppressed T cell proliferation and IFN-γ production. Independent of clinical grade, high PMN-MDSC percentages were associated with decreased survival in gastric cancer. In summary, our results outline the immune regulatory role of the spleen in cancer where neutrophils acquire MDSC functions and feasibly interact with T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ece Tavukcuoglu
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Utku Horzum
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hamdullah Yanik
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Digdem Yoyen-Ermis
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Safa K Nural
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Busra Aydin
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Cenk Sokmensuer
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Derya Karakoc
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kerim Bora Yilmaz
- Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of General Surgery, Diskapi Yildirim Beyazit Research and Training Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erhan Hamaloglu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gunes Esendagli
- Department of Basic Oncology, Hacettepe University Cancer Institute, Ankara, Turkey.,Department of Medical and Surgical Research, Institute of Health Sciences, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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37
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Baig NA, Dukek BA, Falbo DK, Wakefield LL, DiGuardo MA, Bobr A, Kreuter JD, Gandhi MJ. Daratumumab interference in flow cytometric anti- granulocyte antibody testing can be overcome using non-human blocking antibodies. Vox Sang 2020; 116:116-122. [PMID: 32797679 DOI: 10.1111/vox.12989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Daratumumab (DARA), a human IgG1K monoclonal antibody targeting CD38, is used to treat refractory multiple myeloma patients. CD38 is expressed on many cell types (RBCs, granulocytes, lymphocytes, etc.), and thus, DARA can interfere with serological tests. Information regarding how DARA affects anti-granulocyte antibody (AGA) testing and optimal neutralization of DARA will help laboratories perform accurate testing. METHODS Screening of AGA was performed by the granulocyte agglutination test (GAT) and the flow cytometric granulocyte immunofluorescence test (Flow-GIFT). Samples were tested from patients on DARA (n = 7), non-transfused blood donors (healthy controls, n = 7) and AGA reactive samples (positive controls, n = 5). Two neutralization experiments, CD38 removal with DTT and DARA epitope blockage with mouse anti-CD38, were evaluated. RESULTS Positive reactivity of human IgG binding was observed in 5/7 DARA cases when tested by Flow-GIFT; however, all 7 cases had negative GAT agglutination results. Further studies by Flow-GIFT revealed DARA concentrations >0·63 μg/ml bound to granulocytes. DARA binding was negated by DTT though a reduced Flow-GIFT sensitivity was observed in positive control samples due to increased background detection of human IgG. Mouse anti-CD38 neutralized the detection of human IgG observed in DARA-treated patient serum without effecting controls. CONCLUSION We established that DARA can interfere with AGA testing, leading to false positive Flow-GIFT results without causing GAT agglutination. DTT treatment increased background binding of secondary antibodies causing a decrease in Flow-GIFT sensitivity. In comparison, blockage of the DARA binding epitope using mouse anti-CD38 antibody was effective in neutralizing DARA interference while maintaining Flow-GIFT sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisar A Baig
- Tissue Typing Lab, Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Brian A Dukek
- Tissue Typing Lab, Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Deborah K Falbo
- Tissue Typing Lab, Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Laurie L Wakefield
- Tissue Typing Lab, Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Aleh Bobr
- Tissue Typing Lab, Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Transfusion Lab, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
| | - Justin D Kreuter
- Tissue Typing Lab, Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Manish J Gandhi
- Tissue Typing Lab, Transfusion Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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38
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Xavier-Elsas P, Vieira BM, Masid-de-Brito D, Barradas MG, Gaspar-Elsas MIC. The Need to Consider Context in the Evaluation of Anti-infectious and Immunomodulatory Effects of Vitamin A and its Derivatives. Curr Drug Targets 2020; 20:871-878. [PMID: 30556501 DOI: 10.2174/1389450120666181217095323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin A and its derivatives (retinoids) act as potent regulators in many aspects of mammalian reproduction, development, repair, and maintenance of differentiated tissue functioning. Unlike other vitamins, Vitamin A and retinoids, which have hormonal actions, present significant toxicity, which plays roles in clinically relevant situations, such as hypervitaminosis A and retinoic acid ("differentiation") syndrome. Although clinical presentation is conspicuous in states of insufficient or excessive Vitamin A and retinoid concentration, equally relevant effects on host resistance to specific infectious agents, and in the general maintenance of immune homeostasis, may go unnoticed, because their expression requires either pathogen exposure or the presence of inflammatory co-morbidities. There is a vast literature on the roles played by retinoids in the maintenance of a tolerogenic, noninflammatory environment in the gut mucosa, which is considered by many investigators representative of a general role played by retinoids as anti-inflammatory hormones elsewhere. However, in the gut mucosa itself, as well as in the bone marrow and inflammatory sites, context determines whether one observes an anti-inflammatory or proinflammatory action of retinoids. Both interactions between specialized cell populations, and interactions between retinoids and other classes of mediators/regulators, such as cytokines and glucocorticoid hormones, must be considered as important factors contributing to this overall context. We review evidence from recent studies on mucosal immunity, granulocyte biology and respiratory allergy models, highlighting the relevance of these variables as well as their possible contributions to the observed outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Xavier-Elsas
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bruno M Vieira
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniela Masid-de-Brito
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monica G Barradas
- Department of Immunology, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Goes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Fingerhut L, Dolz G, de Buhr N. What Is the Evolutionary Fingerprint in Neutrophil Granulocytes? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E4523. [PMID: 32630520 PMCID: PMC7350212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21124523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the years of evolution, thousands of different animal species have evolved. All these species require an immune system to defend themselves against invading pathogens. Nevertheless, the immune systems of different species are obviously counteracting against the same pathogen with different efficiency. Therefore, the question arises if the process that was leading to the clades of vertebrates in the animal kingdom-namely mammals, birds, amphibians, reptiles, and fish-was also leading to different functions of immune cells. One cell type of the innate immune system that is transmigrating as first line of defense in infected tissue and counteracts against pathogens is the neutrophil granulocyte. During the host-pathogen interaction they can undergo phagocytosis, apoptosis, degranulation, and form neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs). In this review, we summarize a wide spectrum of information about neutrophils in humans and animals, with a focus on vertebrates. Special attention is kept on the development, morphology, composition, and functions of these cells, but also on dysfunctions and options for cell culture or storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie Fingerhut
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
- Clinic for Horses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
| | - Gaby Dolz
- Escuela de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional, Heredia 40104, Costa Rica;
| | - Nicole de Buhr
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany;
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany
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40
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Zhao X, Kawano SI, Masuda J, Murakami H. G-CSF-dependent neutrophil differentiation requires downregulation of MAPK activities through the Gab2 signaling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1919-1933. [PMID: 32437087 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) stimulation of myeloid cells induced tyrosine-phosphorylation of cellular proteins. One of the tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins was found to be a scaffold protein, Grb2-associated binding protein 2 (Gab2). Another member of Gab family protein, Gab3, was exogenously overexpressed in neutrophil progenitor cells to make the Gab3 protein to compete with the endogenous Gab2 for the G-CSF-dependent signaling. In Gab3-overexpressed cells, the level of tyrosine phosphorylation of endogenous Gab2 by G-CSF stimulation was markedly downregulated, while the phosphorylation of Gab3 was significantly enhanced. The Gab3-overexpressed cells continuously proliferated in the medium containing G-CSF and lost the ability to differentiate to the mature neutrophil, characterized by the lobulated nucleus. The G-CSF stimulation-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation of Gab3, the association of SHP2 to Gab3 and the following mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activation were prolonged in the Gab3-overexpressed cells, compared to the parental cells, where the binding of SHP2 to Gab2 protein and thereby the activation of MAPK were not sustained after G-CSF stimulation. Inhibition of MAPK by pharmaceutical inhibitor restored the Gab3-overexpressed cells to the ability to differentiate to mature neutrophil. Therefore, G-CSF-dependent Gab2 phosphorylation and following its downregulation led the short-term MAPK activation. The downregulation of MAPK after transient Gab2 phosphorylation was necessary for the consequent neutrophil differentiation induced by G-CSF stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglin Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichiro Kawano
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Junko Masuda
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Murakami
- Department of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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Zhang T, Kawaguchi N, Tsuji K, Hayama E, Furutani Y, Sugiyama H, Nakanishi T. Silibinin Upregulates CXCR4 Expression in Cultured Bone Marrow Cells (BMCs) Especially in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Rat Model. Cells 2020; 9:E1276. [PMID: 32455728 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously we reported that silibinin ameliorated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) in rat PAH models, possibly through the suppression of the CXCR4/SDF-1, until the point where PAH became a severe and irreversible condition. To further investigate how silibinin ameliorates PAH, we first attempted to clarify its effect on bone marrow cells (BMCs), since the CXCR4/SDF-1 axis is known to regulate stem cell migration and attachment in BM niches. Rat PAH models were established through a combination of a single subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline (MCT) and chronic hypoxic conditions (10% O2). BMCs were harvested and cultured, and reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and flow cytometry (FCM) were performed to investigate whether silibinin affected CXCR4 expression. Silibinin upregulated the gene expression of stem cell related markers CXCR4, SDF-1, SCF, and c-Kit, inflammatory markers IL-6 and TNFα, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-related markers CD44 and CD29, and the granulocyte/monocyte-macrophage marker CD14 in cultured BM in PAH rats, but not in normal rats, except CXCR4. FCM showed that silibinin increased the CXCR4-positive cell population in a granulocyte fraction of cultured BMCs. However, immunohistochemical (IHC) staining showed no significant change in CXCR4 expression in the BM of the tibias. These results suggest that silibinin increases the expression of CXCR4 in BM, and the increased CXCR4-positive cells could be granulocytes/monocyte-macrophages.
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Abstract
Aspects of neutrophil function are diminished or dysregulated in dairy cows in the weeks just before and after calving, which appears to be an important contributor to the occurrence of retained placenta, mastitis, metritis and endometritis. The timing and mechanisms by which specific elements of neutrophil function are impaired are only partially understood. Oxidative burst capacity is the element of neutrophil function most consistently shown to be impaired in the week after calving, but that observation may partially be biased because oxidative burst has been studied more than other functions. There is sufficient evidence to conclude that the availability of calcium and glucose, and exposure to elevated concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids or β-hydroxybutyrate affect some aspects of neutrophil function. However, these factors have mostly been studied in isolation and their effects are not consistent. Social stressors such as a competitive environment for feeding or lying space should plausibly impair innate immune function, but when studied under controlled conditions such effects have generally not been produced. Similarly, treatment with recombinant bovine granulocyte colony-stimulating factor consistently produces large increases in circulating neutrophil count with modest improvements in function, but this does not consistently reduce the incidence of clinical diseases thought to be importantly attributable to impaired innate immunity. Research is now needed that considers the interactions among known and putative risk factors for impaired neutrophil function in dairy cows in the transition period.
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed an emergence of interest in understanding metabolic changes associated with immune responses, termed immunometabolism. As oxygen is central to all aerobic metabolism, hypoxia is now recognized to contribute fundamentally to inflammatory and immune responses. Studies from a number of groups have implicated a prominent role for oxygen metabolism and hypoxia in innate immunity of healthy tissue (physiologic hypoxia) and during active inflammation (inflammatory hypoxia). This inflammatory hypoxia emanates from a combination of recruited inflammatory cells (e.g., neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes), high rates of oxidative metabolism, and the activation of multiple oxygen-consuming enzymes during inflammation. These localized shifts toward hypoxia have identified a prominent role for the transcription factor hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) in the regulation of innate immunity. Such studies have provided new and enlightening insight into our basic understanding of immune mechanisms, and extensions of these findings have identified potential therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize recent literature around the topic of innate immunity and mucosal hypoxia with a focus on transcriptional responses mediated by HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean P Colgan
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA;
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Glenn T Furuta
- Mucosal Inflammation Program, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado 80045, USA
| | - Cormac T Taylor
- UCD Conway Institute, Systems Biology Ireland and School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Bonsignore P, Kuiper JWP, Adrian J, Goob G, Hauck CR. CEACAM3-A Prim(at)e Invention for Opsonin-Independent Phagocytosis of Bacteria. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3160. [PMID: 32117212 PMCID: PMC7026191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is one of the key innate defense mechanisms executed by specialized cells in multicellular animals. Recent evidence suggests that a particular phagocytic receptor expressed by human polymorphonuclear granulocytes, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (CEACAM3), is one of the fastest-evolving human proteins. In this focused review, we will try to resolve the conundrum why a conserved process such as phagocytosis is conducted by a rapidly changing receptor. Therefore, we will first summarize the biochemical and structural details of this immunoglobulin-related glycoprotein in the context of the human CEACAM family. The function of CEACAM3 for the efficient, opsonin-independent detection and phagocytosis of highly specialized, host-restricted bacteria will be further elaborated. Taking into account the decisive role of CEACAM3 in the interaction with pathogenic bacteria, we will discuss the evolutionary trajectory of the CEACAM3 gene within the primate lineage and highlight the consequences of CEACAM3 polymorphisms in human populations. From a synopsis of these studies, CEACAM3 emerges as an important component of human innate immunity and a prominent example of a dedicated receptor for professional phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonsignore
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johannes W P Kuiper
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonas Adrian
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Griseldis Goob
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Alber A, Morris KM, Bryson KJ, Sutton KM, Monson MS, Chintoan-Uta C, Borowska D, Lamont SJ, Schouler C, Kaiser P, Stevens MP, Vervelde L. Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) Strain-Dependent Immunomodulation of Respiratory Granulocytes and Mononuclear Phagocytes in CSF1R-Reporter Transgenic Chickens. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3055. [PMID: 31998322 PMCID: PMC6967599 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) cause severe respiratory and systemic disease in chickens, commonly termed colibacillosis. Early immune responses after initial infection are highly important for the outcome of the infection. In this study, the early interactions between GFP-expressing APEC strains of serotypes O1:K1:H7 and O2:K1:H5 and phagocytic cells in the lung of CSF1R-reporter transgenic chickens were investigated. CSF1R-reporter transgenic chickens express fluorescent protein under the control of elements of the CSF1R promoter and enhancer, such that cells of the myeloid lineage can be visualized in situ and sorted. Chickens were separately inoculated with APEC strains expressing GFP and culled 6 h post-infection. Flow cytometric analysis was performed to phenotype and sort the cells that harbored bacteria in the lung, and the response of the sorted cells was defined by transcriptomic analysis. Both APEC strains were mainly detected in CSF1R-transgeneneg (CSF1R-tgneg) and CSF1R-tglow MHC IIneg MRC1L-Bneg cells and low numbers of APEC were detected in CSF1R-tghigh MHC IIpos MRC1L-Bpos cells. Transcriptomic and flow cytometric analysis identified the APECpos CSF1R-tgneg and CSF1R-tglow cells as heterophils and the APECpos CSF1R-tghigh cells as macrophages and dendritic cells. Both APEC strains induced strong inflammatory responses, however in both CSF1R-tgneg/low and CSF1R-tghigh cells, many immune related pathways were repressed to a greater extent or less activated in birds inoculated with APEC O2-GFP compared to APEC O1-GFP inoculated birds. Comparison of the immune pathways revealed the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) pathway, IL17 and STAT3 signaling, heterophil recruitment pathways and the acute phase response, are modulated particularly post-APEC O2-GFP inoculation. In contrast to in vivo data, APEC O2-GFP was more invasive in CSF1R-tghigh cells in vitro than APEC O1-GFP and had higher survival rates for up to 6 h post-infection. Our data indicate significant differences in the responses induced by APEC strains of prevalent serotypes, with important implications for the design and interpretation of future studies. Moreover, we show that bacterial invasion and survival in phagocyte populations in vitro is not predictive of events in the chicken lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Alber
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Katrina M Morris
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Karen J Bryson
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Kate M Sutton
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa S Monson
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Cosmin Chintoan-Uta
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Dominika Borowska
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Susan J Lamont
- Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States
| | - Catherine Schouler
- Infectiologie Santé Publique, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Tours, Nouzilly, France
| | - Pete Kaiser
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Mark P Stevens
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Lonneke Vervelde
- Division of Infection and Immunity, The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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46
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Zuo L, Zhang L, Zu J, Wang Z, Han B, Chen B, Cheng M, Ju M, Li M, Shu G, Yuan M, Jiang W, Chen X, Yan F, Zhang Z, Yao H. Circulating Circular RNAs as Biomarkers for the Diagnosis and Prediction of Outcomes in Acute Ischemic Stroke. Stroke 2019; 51:319-323. [PMID: 31690252 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.119.027348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Purpose- Circular RNAs (CircRNAs) show promise as stroke biomarkers because of their participation in various pathophysiological processes associated with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and stability in peripheral blood. Methods- A circRNA microarray was used to identify differentially expressed circulating circRNAs in a discovery cohort (3 versus 3). Validation (36 versus 36) and replication (200 versus 100) were performed in independent cohorts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Platelets, lymphocytes, and granulocytes were separated from blood to examine the origins of circRNAs. Results- There were 3 upregulated circRNAs in Chinese population-based AIS patients compared with healthy controls. The combination of 3 circRNAs resulted in an area under the curve of 0.875, corresponding to a specificity of 91% and a sensitivity of 71.5% in AIS diagnosis. Furthermore, the combination of change rate in 3 circRNAs within the first 7 days of treatment showed an area under the curve of 0.960 in predicting stroke outcome. There was significant increase in lymphocytes and granulocytes for circPDS5B (circular RNA PDS5B) and only in granulocytes for circCDC14A (circular RNA CDC14A) in AIS patients compared with healthy controls. Conclusions- Three circRNAs could serve as biomarkers for AIS diagnosis and prediction of stroke outcomes. The elevated levels of circPDS5B and circCDC14A after stroke might be because of increased levels in lymphocytes and granulocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zuo
- From the Department of Neurology (L. Zuo, L. Zhang, J.Z., Z.W., F.Y., Z.Z.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (L. Zuo, L. Zhang, J.Z., Z.W., F.Y., Z.Z.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Neurology, Nanjing Medical University, China (L. Zhang)
| | - Juan Zu
- From the Department of Neurology (L. Zuo, L. Zhang, J.Z., Z.W., F.Y., Z.Z.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zan Wang
- From the Department of Neurology (L. Zuo, L. Zhang, J.Z., Z.W., F.Y., Z.Z.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Han
- Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Department of Pharmacology (B.H., B.C., M.C., M.J., M.L., H.Y.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Biling Chen
- Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Department of Pharmacology (B.H., B.C., M.C., M.J., M.L., H.Y.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengjing Cheng
- Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Department of Pharmacology (B.H., B.C., M.C., M.J., M.L., H.Y.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Minzi Ju
- Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Department of Pharmacology (B.H., B.C., M.C., M.J., M.L., H.Y.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mingyue Li
- Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Department of Pharmacology (B.H., B.C., M.C., M.J., M.L., H.Y.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guofang Shu
- Clinical Laboratory (G.S.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqin Yuan
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangsu, China (M.Y., W.J.)
| | - Wei Jiang
- College of Automation Engineering, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Jiangsu, China (M.Y., W.J.)
| | - Xufeng Chen
- Emergency Department, Jiangsu Province Hospital and Nanjing Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, China (X.C.)
| | - Fuling Yan
- From the Department of Neurology (L. Zuo, L. Zhang, J.Z., Z.W., F.Y., Z.Z.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijun Zhang
- From the Department of Neurology (L. Zuo, L. Zhang, J.Z., Z.W., F.Y., Z.Z.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Honghong Yao
- Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital and Department of Pharmacology (B.H., B.C., M.C., M.J., M.L., H.Y.), School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China.,Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Jiangsu, China (H.Y.)
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Tombácz K, Peters LM, Chang YM, Steele M, Werling D, Gibson AJ. Short communication: Pegbovigrastim treatment in vivo does not affect granulocyte ability to migrate to endometrial cells and kill bacteria in vitro in healthy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:9389-9395. [PMID: 31326166 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-16563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In periparturient dairy cows, immune suppression, resulting in decreased neutrophil numbers and function, leads to increased susceptibility to postpartum conditions such as mastitis, retained placenta, and metritis. Administration of polyethylene glycol-conjugated bovine granulocyte colony stimulating factor (pegbovigrastim, Imrestor; Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN) 7 d before and within 24 h of calving, effectively improves granulocyte production and function in vivo as well as in milk. A recently developed coculture assay was adapted for use with endometrial epithelial cells to assess the effects of pegbovigrastim application on directed granulocyte migration and bactericidal activity in vitro on a per-cell basis in endometrial cell cultures. Granulocytes from treated and untreated periparturient cows (6 and 5 per group, respectively) were evaluated for their ability to migrate to and kill bacteria after treatment, in context of the infected endometrium. We hypothesized that in addition to increasing the absolute concentration of circulating neutrophil granulocytes, pegbovigrastim treatment in vivo alters the ability of granulocytes to migrate to endometrial cells in vitro. The results clearly show a marked increase in the total concentration of granulocytes and monocytes between the 2 treatment groups as early as 2 d after the first injection, and this increased between the samples taken 2 d after calving. No migratory or killing differences were identified between granulocytes of both groups, suggesting that pegbovigrastim-induced granulocytes were as effective as non-induced cells. This may also be due to the absence of negative energy balance in the study animals and leads us to conclude that the positive effects seen in vivo are most likely based on the larger number of granulocytes present rather than a direct effect of pegbovigrastim treatment on the functionality of cells for the parameters tested in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Tombácz
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - L M Peters
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - Y-M Chang
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
| | - M Steele
- Elanco Animal Health, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., Basingstoke, RG24 9NL, United Kingdom
| | - D Werling
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom.
| | - A J Gibson
- Department of Pathobiology and Population Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, AL9 7TA, United Kingdom
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48
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Daws MR, Nakken B, Lobato-Pascual A, Josien R, Dissen E, Fossum S. Dendritic Cell Activating Receptor 1 (DCAR1) Associates With FcεRIγ and Is Expressed by Myeloid Cell Subsets in the Rat. Front Immunol 2019; 10:1060. [PMID: 31134097 PMCID: PMC6522936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.01060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cell activating receptor-1 (DCAR1) is a cell-surface receptor encoded by the Antigen Presenting Lectin-like gene Complex (APLEC). We generated a mouse monoclonal antibody against rat DCAR1, and used this to characterize receptor expression and function. Rat DCAR1 was expressed on minor subsets of myeloid cells in lymphoid tissue, but was uniformly expressed at a high level by eosinophils, and at a low level by neutrophils. It was expressed by eosinophils in the peritoneal cavity and the lamina propria of the gut, and by subsets of macrophages or dendritic cells at these sites. Polarization of peritoneal macrophages showed that DCAR1 expression was absent on M1 macrophages, and increased on M2 macrophages. DCAR1 could be expressed as a homodimer and its associated with the activating adaptor protein FcεRIγ. This association allowed efficient phagocytosis of antibody-coated beads. Additionally, cross-linking of DCAR1 on the surface of rat eosinophils lead to production of reactive oxygen species. These data show that DCAR1 is an activating receptor. Its expression on M2 macrophages and eosinophils suggests that it may play a role in the immune response to parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Daws
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Britt Nakken
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ana Lobato-Pascual
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Régis Josien
- Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie UMR 1064, INSERM, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, CHU Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Erik Dissen
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sigbjørn Fossum
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Knickelbein KE, Luethy D, Thomasy SM, Reilly C, Strom AR, Lassaline ME. Equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis in California: retrospective study of 47 eyes from 29 cases (1993-2017). Vet Ophthalmol 2019; 22:510-519. [PMID: 30706617 DOI: 10.1111/vop.12621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Revised: 08/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE (a) To evaluate the epidemiology of equine eosinophilic keratoconjunctivitis (EK) in the western United States, (b) to ascertain the efficacy of keratectomy and diamond burr debridement vs medical management alone, (c) to determine the efficacy of various medical therapies, and (d) to further characterize the histopathologic findings of the disease in horses. ANIMALS STUDIED Twenty-nine horses (47 eyes) diagnosed with EK from 1993 to 2017. PROCEDURE Retrospective medical record review; owner questionnaire. RESULTS Average age of presentation was 11 ± 4 years. Warmbloods were significantly overrepresented (P = 0.024). Twenty horses were treated with medical therapy alone, five were treated with superficial lamellar keratectomy, and four were treated with diamond burr debridement. Follow-up data were available for 38 eyes of 23 horses. Median time to resolution for horses treated with either superficial keratectomy or diamond burr debridement (62 days) was not statistically significantly different from those that underwent medical therapy alone (46 days; P = 0.33). Eyes treated with topical steroids had a statistically significant longer median time to resolution (61 days) compared to those that did not receive topical steroid (44 days; P = 0.023). Common histopathologic findings in keratectomy samples included the presence of eosinophils, vascularization, and an eosinophilic membrane spanning areas of ulceration. CONCLUSION In this population, time to EK resolution was similar for horses treated with medical and surgical management. The use of topical steroids was associated with a prolonged time to resolution. Keratectomy samples from horses with EK had similar findings to those reported in other species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Knickelbein
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | - Daniela Luethy
- New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
| | - Sara M Thomasy
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California.,Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
| | | | | | - Mary E Lassaline
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California
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50
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Treffers LW, van Houdt M, Bruggeman CW, Heineke MH, Zhao XW, van der Heijden J, Nagelkerke SQ, Verkuijlen PJJH, Geissler J, Lissenberg-Thunnissen S, Valerius T, Peipp M, Franke K, van Bruggen R, Kuijpers TW, van Egmond M, Vidarsson G, Matlung HL, van den Berg TK. FcγRIIIb Restricts Antibody-Dependent Destruction of Cancer Cells by Human Neutrophils. Front Immunol 2019; 9:3124. [PMID: 30761158 PMCID: PMC6363688 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.03124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The function of the low-affinity IgG-receptor FcγRIIIb (CD16b), which is uniquely and abundantly expressed on human granulocytes, is not clear. Unlike the other Fcγ receptors (FcγR), it is a glycophosphatidyl inositol (GPI) -anchored molecule and does not have intracellular signaling motifs. Nevertheless, FcγRIIIb can cooperate with other FcγR to promote phagocytosis of antibody-opsonized microbes by human neutrophils. Here we have investigated the role of FcγRIIIb during antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) by neutrophils toward solid cancer cells coated with either trastuzumab (anti-HER2) or cetuximab (anti-EGFR). Inhibiting FcγRIIIb using CD16-F(ab')2 blocking antibodies resulted in substantially enhanced ADCC. ADCC was completely dependent on FcγRIIa (CD32a) and the enhanced ADCC seen after FcγRIIIb blockade therefore suggested that FcγRIIIb was competing with FcγRIIa for IgG on the opsonized target cells. Interestingly, the function of neutrophil FcγRIIIb as a decoy receptor was further supported by using neutrophils from individuals with different gene copy numbers of FCGR3B causing different levels of surface FcγRIIIb expression. Individuals with one copy of FCGR3B showed higher levels of ADCC compared to those with two or more copies. Finally, we show that therapeutic antibodies intended to improve FcγRIIIa (CD16a)-dependent natural killer (NK) cell ADCC due to the lack of fucosylation on the N-linked glycan at position N297 of the IgG1 heavy chain Fc-region, show decreased ADCC as compared to regularly fucosylated antibodies. Together, these data confirm FcγRIIIb as a negative regulator of neutrophil ADCC toward tumor cells and a potential target for enhancing tumor cell destruction by neutrophils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise W Treffers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michel van Houdt
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christine W Bruggeman
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marieke H Heineke
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Xi Wen Zhao
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris van der Heijden
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sietse Q Nagelkerke
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul J J H Verkuijlen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Judy Geissler
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Thomas Valerius
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Matthias Peipp
- Division of Stem Cell Transplantation and Immunotherapy, Department of Internal Medicine II, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Katka Franke
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robin van Bruggen
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Taco W Kuijpers
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjolein van Egmond
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gestur Vidarsson
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hanke L Matlung
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Timo K van den Berg
- Sanquin Research, and Landsteiner Laboratory, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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