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Kuiper JWP, Gregg HL, Schüber M, Klein J, Hauck CR. Controling the cytoskeleton during CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis. Eur J Cell Biol 2024; 103:151384. [PMID: 38215579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejcb.2024.151384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis, an innate defense mechanism of multicellular animals, is initiated by specialized surface receptors. A phagocytic receptor expressed by human polymorphonuclear granulocytes, the major professional phagocytes in our body, is one of the fastest evolving human proteins implying a special role in human biology. This receptor, CEACAM3, is a member of the CarcinoEmbryonic Antigen-related Cell Adhesion Molecule (CEACAM) family and dedicated to the immediate recognition and rapid internalization of human-restricted pathogens. In this focused contribution, we will review the special adaptations of this protein, which co-evolves with different species of mucosa-colonizing bacteria. While the extracellular Immunoglobulin-variable (IgV)-like domain recognizes various bacterial adhesins, an Immunoreceptor Tyrosine-based Activation Motif (ITAM)-like sequence in the cytoplasmic tail of CEACAM3 constitutes the central signaling hub to trigger actin rearrangements needed for efficient phagocytosis. A major emphasis of this review will be placed on recent findings, which have revealed the multi-level control of this powerful phagocytic device. As tyrosine phosphorylation and small GTPase activity are central for CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis, the counterregulation of CEACAM3 activity involves the receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase J (PTPRJ) as well as the Rac-GTP scavenging protein Cyri-B. Interference with such negative regulatory circuits has revealed that CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis can be strongly enhanced. In principle, the knowledge gained by studying CEACAM3 can be applied to other phagocytic systems and opens the door to treatments, which boost the phagocytic capacity of professional phagocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena L Gregg
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany
| | - Meike Schüber
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jule Klein
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Germany; Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Germany.
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Kuiper JWP, Krause J, Potgeter L, Adrian J, Hauck CR. A genome-wide genetic screen identifies CYRI-B as a negative regulator of CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis. J Cell Sci 2023; 136:313478. [PMID: 37264948 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Opsonin-independent phagocytosis mediated by human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (CEACAM3) has evolved to control a subset of human-restricted bacterial pathogens. CEACAM3 engagement triggers rapid GTP-loading of the small GTPase Rac as a master regulator of cytoskeletal rearrangements and lamellipodia-driven internalization. To identify components of the CEACAM3-initiated signaling cascade, we performed a genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9-based screen in human myeloid cells. Following infection with fluorescently labeled bacteria, cells exhibiting elevated phagocytosis (gain-of-function) as well as cells showing reduced phagocytosis (loss-of-function) were sorted and enrichment of individual single-guide RNAs (sgRNAs) was determined by next generation sequencing. Concentrating on genes whose targeting by three distinct sgRNAs consistently resulted in a gain-of-function phenotype, we identified the Rac-GTP-sequestering protein CYRI-B as a negative regulator of CEACAM3-mediated phagocytosis. Clonal HL-60 cell lines with CYRI-B knockout showed enhanced CEACAM3-downstream signaling, such as Rac GTP loading and phosphorylation of PAK kinases, leading to increased phagocytosis of bacteria. Complementation of the CYRI-B knockout cells reverted the knockout phenotype. Our results unravel components of CEACAM3-initiated opsonin-independent phagocytosis on a genome-wide level and highlight CYRI-B as a negative regulator of CEACAM3-initiated signaling in myeloid cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes W P Kuiper
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Julia Krause
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Leon Potgeter
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonas Adrian
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, 78464 Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Zander J, Scholtes S, Ottinger M, Kremer M, Kharazi A, Stadler V, Bickmann J, Zeleny C, Kuiper JWP, Hauck CR. Self-Collected Gargle Lavage Allows Reliable Detection of SARS-CoV-2 in an Outpatient Setting. Microbiol Spectr 2021; 9:e0036121. [PMID: 34259547 PMCID: PMC8552688 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00361-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Current procurement of specimens for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection requires trained personnel and dedicated equipment. We compared standard nasopharyngeal swabs with self-collected gargle lavage fluid obtained from 80 mostly symptomatic outpatients. After RNA extraction, RT-PCR to detect SARS-CoV-2 was performed. Qualitative results obtained with the paired samples from individual outpatients were 100% congruent. Therefore, self-collected gargle lavage fluid can serve as a suitable specimen for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) testing in outpatients. IMPORTANCE The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic still strains health care systems worldwide. While COVID-19 testing is considered an essential pillar in combating this infectious disease, shortages in supplies and trained health care personnel often limit the procurement of patient samples, in particular in outpatient settings. Here, we compared the simple self-collection of gargle lavage fluid with the gold standard nasopharyngeal swab as a specimen for COVID-19 testing. By finding complete congruence of results obtained with paired samples of a sizeable patient cohort, our results strongly support the idea that the painless self-collection of gargle lavage fluid provides a suitable and uncomplicated sample for reliable SARS-CoV-2 detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Zander
- Labor Dr. Brunner, Konstanz, Germany
- Institut für Laboratoriumsmedizin, Klinikum der Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Christof R. Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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Kuiper JWP, Baade T, Kremer M, Kranaster R, Irmisch L, Schuchmann M, Zander J, Marx A, Hauck CR. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 from raw patient samples by coupled high temperature reverse transcription and amplification. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0241740. [PMID: 33137168 PMCID: PMC7605687 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is spreading globally with unprecedented consequences for modern societies. The early detection of infected individuals is a pre-requisite to contain the virus. Currently, purification of RNA from patient samples followed by RT-PCR is the gold standard to assess the presence of this single-strand RNA virus. However, these procedures are time consuming, require continuous supply of specialized reagents, and are prohibitively expensive in resource-poor settings. Here, we report an improved nucleic-acid-based approach to detect SARS-CoV-2 with the ability to detect as little as five viral genome equivalents. The approach delivers results without the need to purify RNA, reduces handling steps, minimizes costs, and allows evaluation by non-specialized equipment. The use of unprocessed swap samples is enabled by employing a heat-stable RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, which performs the double task of stringent reverse transcription of RNA at elevated temperatures as well as PCR amplification of a SARS-CoV-2 specific target gene. As results are obtained within 2 hours and can be read-out by a hand-held LED-screen, this novel protocol will be of particular importance for large-scale virus surveillance in economically constrained settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Timo Baade
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andreas Marx
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- myPOLS Biotec GmbH, Konstanz, Germany
- Lehrstuhl Organische Chemie/Zelluläre Chemie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R. Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Bonsignore P, Kuiper JWP, Adrian J, Goob G, Hauck CR. CEACAM3-A Prim(at)e Invention for Opsonin-Independent Phagocytosis of Bacteria. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3160. [PMID: 32117212 PMCID: PMC7026191 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Phagocytosis is one of the key innate defense mechanisms executed by specialized cells in multicellular animals. Recent evidence suggests that a particular phagocytic receptor expressed by human polymorphonuclear granulocytes, the carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 3 (CEACAM3), is one of the fastest-evolving human proteins. In this focused review, we will try to resolve the conundrum why a conserved process such as phagocytosis is conducted by a rapidly changing receptor. Therefore, we will first summarize the biochemical and structural details of this immunoglobulin-related glycoprotein in the context of the human CEACAM family. The function of CEACAM3 for the efficient, opsonin-independent detection and phagocytosis of highly specialized, host-restricted bacteria will be further elaborated. Taking into account the decisive role of CEACAM3 in the interaction with pathogenic bacteria, we will discuss the evolutionary trajectory of the CEACAM3 gene within the primate lineage and highlight the consequences of CEACAM3 polymorphisms in human populations. From a synopsis of these studies, CEACAM3 emerges as an important component of human innate immunity and a prominent example of a dedicated receptor for professional phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrizia Bonsignore
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Johannes W P Kuiper
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Jonas Adrian
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Griseldis Goob
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Christof R Hauck
- Lehrstuhl Zellbiologie, Fachbereich Biologie, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany.,Konstanz Research School Chemical Biology, Universität Konstanz, Konstanz, Germany
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van Duijvenbode DC, Kuiper JWP, Holewijn RM, Stadhouder A. Parvimonas micra Spondylodiscitis: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature. J Orthop Case Rep 2019; 8:67-71. [PMID: 30740380 PMCID: PMC6367290 DOI: 10.13107/jocr.2250-0685.1216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Treatment and risk factors for Parvimonas micra spinal infections are scarcely researched. This study reports a case and presents a systematic review of the literature to provide evidence-based ground for diagnosis and treatment of P. micra spinal infections. Case Report This is a case of a 78-year-old male with severe back and leg pain. Advanced imaging demonstrated the destruction of L2-L3 with an extensive fluid collection in the remaining intervertebral space, paravertebral myositis, and multiple abscesses. A decompression of L2 and L3 and a posterior spondylodesis from T12 to L5 was performed. Intraoperative cultures showed P. micra. The postoperative treatment consisted of intravenous penicillin for 2 weeks and subsequent oral clindamycin for 4 weeks. At 1-year follow-up, the patient was in good health and reported only occasional back pain. Conclusions A total of 15 additional cases of P. micraspinal infections were identified. The antibiotic treatment showed a great variety in the treated patients. Nevertheless, the outcome of these patients was good concerning relapse of the infection and pain. Spinal infections caused by P. micra are rare, but can be successfully treated according to the guidelines for spinal infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C van Duijvenbode
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W P Kuiper
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R M Holewijn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Stadhouder
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, MOVE Research Institute Amsterdam, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Kuiper JWP, Vos S, Burger TJ, Colen S. Variety in diagnosis and treatment of periprosthetic joint infections in Belgium and the Netherlands. Acta Orthop Belg 2016; 82:149-160. [PMID: 27682274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Recently, guidelines regarding diagnosis and treatment of periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) have been published, but it is unknown how well these are -followed in the Netherlands and Belgium. Therefore, a survey study was performed in the Netherlands and Belgium. 81 orthopedic departments responded (54% in the Netherlands, 52% in Belgium). The majority used protocols for antibiotic and surgical treatment. To discriminate between early and late infection, differences in periods used were seen between respondents, and between countries. Empirical antibiotic treatment varied greatly. Debridement, antibiotics, irrigation and retention of the prosthesis (DAIR) is the -almost unanimous treatment of choice for early PJI. Guidelines are available, but seem not (yet) to be -followed accurately, and do not have answers to all possible treatment options. Perhaps, national guidelines might produce more standardized care, and -consequentially, easier comparison for research, more transparency for patients, and less health care costs.
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Abstract
Adseverin (Ads), a member of the Gelsolin superfamily of actin binding proteins, regulates the actin cytoskeleton architecture by severing and capping existing filamentous actin (F-actin) strands and nucleating the assembly of new F-actin filaments. Ads has been implicated in cellular secretion, exocytosis and has also been shown to regulate chondrogenesis and megakaryoblastic leukemia cell differentiation. Here we report for the first time that Ads is involved in regulating osteoclastogenesis (OCG). Ads is induced during OCG downstream of RANK-ligand (RANKL) stimulation and is highly expressed in mature osteoclasts. The D5 isoform of Ads is not involved in regulating OCG, as its expression is not induced in response to RANKL. Three clonal Ads knockdown RAW264.7 (RAW) macrophage cell lines with varying degrees of Ads expression and OCG deficiency were generated. The most drastic OCG defect was noted in the clonal cell line with the greatest degree of Ads knockdown as indicated by a lack of TRAcP staining and multinucleation. RNAi mediated knockdown of Ads in osteoclast precursors resulted in distinct morphological changes characterized by altered F-actin distribution and increased filopodia formation. Ads knockdown precursor cells experienced enhanced migration while fusion of knockdown precursors cells was limited. Transient reintroduction of de novo Ads back into the knockdown system was capable of rescuing TRAcP expression but not osteoclast multinucleation most likely due to the transient nature of Ads expression. This preliminary study allows us to conclude that Ads is a RANKL induced early regulator of OCG with a potential role in pre-osteoclast differentiation and fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Hassanpour
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Hongwei Jiang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yongqiang Wang
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Johannes W. P. Kuiper
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michael Glogauer
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) has been identified as a severe complication of patients previously treated with i.v. bisphosphonates. It has been noted that necrotic bone from BRONJ sites display signs of bacterial infection suggesting that an immune defect may play a role in the pathophysiology of BRONJ. Here, we have examined the effect of two potent bisphosphonates, zoledronate and pamidronate, on neutrophil function, differentiation and survival. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The effect of bisphosphonates on chemotaxis, NADPH oxidase activity and neutrophil survival were assessed in vitro using bone marrow-derived primary neutrophils or in vitro differentiated haematopoetic progenitors from mice. The same parameters and the number of circulating neutrophils were quantified in neutrophils isolated from mice treated in vivo with zoledronate. In vivo recruitment of neutrophils was assessed by sodium periodate-induced peritonitis. KEY RESULTS Zoledronate and pamidronate inhibited in vitro neutrophil chemotaxis and NADPH oxidase activity in a dose-dependent manner. In vivo recruitment of neutrophils was also suppressed. Zoledronate did not affect in vitro differentiation of neutrophils but shortened their life span in a granulocyte-colony stimulating factor-dependent manner. fMLP-induced activation of RhoA activity was decreased by zoledronate treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our results show that bisphosphonate exposure leads to impaired neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil NADPH oxidase activity and reduced circulating neutrophil counts. This work suggests that bisphosphonates have the potential to depress the innate immune system for a prolonged time, possibly contributing to the pathogenesis of BRONJ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J W P Kuiper
- Matrix Dynamics Group, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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