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Rahman MA, Bissa M, Silva de Castro I, Helmold Hait S, Stamos JD, Bhuyan F, Hunegnaw R, Sarkis S, Gutowska A, Doster MN, Moles R, Hoang T, Miller Jenkins LM, Appella E, Venzon DJ, Choo-Wosoba H, Cardozo T, Baum MM, Appella DH, Robert-Guroff M, Franchini G. Publisher Correction: Vaccine plus microbicide effective in preventing vaginal SIV transmission in macaques. Nat Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41564-023-01412-z. [PMID: 37217721 PMCID: PMC10390330 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James D Stamos
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farzana Bhuyan
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Hunegnaw
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melvin N Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ettore Appella
- Chemical Immunology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc M Baum
- Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Rahman MA, Bissa M, Silva de Castro I, Helmold Hait S, Stamos JD, Bhuyan F, Hunegnaw R, Sarkis S, Gutowska A, Doster MN, Moles R, Hoang T, Miller Jenkins LM, Appella E, Venzon DJ, Choo-Wosoba H, Cardozo T, Baum MM, Appella DH, Robert-Guroff M, Franchini G. Vaccine plus microbicide effective in preventing vaginal SIV transmission in macaques. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:905-918. [PMID: 37024617 PMCID: PMC10159859 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus epidemic continues in sub-Saharan Africa, and particularly affects adolescent girls and women who have limited access to antiretroviral therapy. Here we report that the risk of vaginal simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)mac251 acquisition is reduced by more than 90% using a combination of a vaccine comprising V1-deleted (V2 enhanced) SIV envelope immunogens with topical treatment of the zinc-finger inhibitor SAMT-247. Following 14 weekly intravaginal exposures to the highly pathogenic SIVmac251, 80% of a cohort of 20 macaques vaccinated and treated with SAMT-247 remained uninfected. In an arm of 18 vaccinated-only animals without microbicide, 40% of macaques remained uninfected. The combined SAMT-247/vaccine regimen was significantly more effective than vaccination alone. By analysing immune correlates of protection, we show that, by increasing zinc availability, SAMT-247 increases natural killer cytotoxicity and monocyte efferocytosis, and decreases T-cell activation to augment vaccine-induced protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Massimiliano Bissa
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - James D Stamos
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Farzana Bhuyan
- Translational Autoinflammatory Diseases Section, Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Microbiology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ruth Hunegnaw
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarkis Sarkis
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Anna Gutowska
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Melvin N Doster
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ramona Moles
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Collaborative Protein Technology Resource, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ettore Appella
- Chemical Immunology Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - David J Venzon
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hyoyoung Choo-Wosoba
- Biostatistics and Data Management Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- New York University School of Medicine, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc M Baum
- Oak Crest Institute of Science, Monrovia, CA, USA
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Genoveffa Franchini
- Animal Models and Retroviral Vaccines Section, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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3
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Brown K, Jenkins LMM, Crooks DR, Surman DR, Mazur SJ, Xu Y, Arimilli BS, Yang Y, Lane AN, Fan TWM, Schrump DS, Linehan WM, Ripley RT, Appella E. Targeting mutant p53-R248W reactivates WT p53 function and alters the onco-metabolic profile. Front Oncol 2023; 12:1094210. [PMID: 36713582 PMCID: PMC9874945 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1094210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 is the most commonly mutated gene in cancer, and gain-of-function mutations have wide-ranging effects. Efforts to reactivate wild-type p53 function and inhibit mutant functions have been complicated by the variety of TP53 mutations. Identified from a screen, the NSC59984 compound has been shown to restore activity to mutant p53 in colorectal cancer cells. Here, we investigated its effects on esophageal adenocarcinoma cells with specific p53 hot-spot mutations. NSC59984 treatment of cells reactivated p53 transcriptional regulation, inducing mitochondrial intrinsic apoptosis. Analysis of its effects on cellular metabolism demonstrated increased utilization of the pentose phosphate pathway and inhibition of glycolysis at the fructose-1,6-bisphosphate to fructose 6-phosphate junction. Furthermore, treatment of cells with NSC59984 increased reactive oxygen species production and decreased glutathione levels; these effects were enhanced by the addition of buthionine sulfoximine and inhibited by N-acetyl cysteine. We found that the effects of NSC59984 were substantially greater in cells harboring the p53 R248W mutation. Overall, these findings demonstrate p53-dependent effects of NSC59984 on cellular metabolism, with increased activity in cells harboring the p53 R248W mutation. This research highlights the importance of defining the mutational status of a particular cancer to create a patient-centric strategy for the treatment of p53-driven cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Brown
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States,*Correspondence: Kate Brown,
| | - Lisa M. Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Daniel R. Crooks
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Deborah R. Surman
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Sharlyn J. Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Yuan Xu
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Bhargav S. Arimilli
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Ye Yang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrew N. Lane
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, UK, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - Teresa W-M. Fan
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, Markey Cancer Center, UK, Lexington, KY, United States
| | - David S. Schrump
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - W. Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - R. Taylor Ripley
- Thoracic Surgery Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research (CCR), National Cancer Institute (NCI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, United States
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4
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Robello M, Zheng H, Saha M, George Rosenker KM, Debnath S, Kumar JP, Tagad HD, Mazur SJ, Appella E, Appella DH. Alkyl-substituted N-methylaryl-N'-aryl-4-aminobenzamides: A new series of small molecule inhibitors for Wip1 phosphatase. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 243:114763. [PMID: 36179402 PMCID: PMC9664485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The wild-type p53 induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1), a member of the serine/threonine-specific PP2C family, is overexpressed in numerous human cancers. Wip1 dephosphorylates p53 as well as several kinases (such as p38 MAPK, ATM, Chk1, and Chk2) in the DNA damage response pathway that are responsible for maintaining genomic stability and preventing oncogenic transformation. As a result, Wip1 is an attractive target for synthetic inhibitors that could be further developed into therapeutics to treat some cancers. In this study, we report a series of alkyl-substituted N-methylaryl-N'-aryl-4-aminobenzamides and their inhibitory activity of the Wip1 phosphatase. A straightforward synthetic route was developed to synthesize the target compounds from commercially available starting materials. Three different portions (R1, R2, R3) of the core scaffold were extensively modified to examine structure-activity relationships. This study revealed interesting trends about a new molecular scaffold to inhibit Wip1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Robello
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Mrinmoy Saha
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Kara M George Rosenker
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Jay Prakash Kumar
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Harichandra D Tagad
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892, United States.
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5
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Clausse V, Fang Y, Tao D, Tagad HD, Sun H, Wang Y, Karavadhi S, Lane K, Shi ZD, Vasalatiy O, LeClair CA, Eells R, Shen M, Patnaik S, Appella E, Coussens NP, Hall MD, Appella DH. Discovery of Novel Small-Molecule Scaffolds for the Inhibition and Activation of WIP1 Phosphatase from a RapidFire Mass Spectrometry High-Throughput Screen. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2022; 5:993-1006. [PMID: 36268125 PMCID: PMC9578142 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.2c00147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Wild-type P53-induced phosphatase 1 (WIP1), also known as PPM1D or PP2Cδ, is a serine/threonine protein phosphatase induced by P53 after genotoxic stress. WIP1 inhibition has been proposed as a therapeutic strategy for P53 wild-type cancers in which it is overexpressed, but this approach would be ineffective in P53-negative cancers. Furthermore, there are several cancers with mutated P53 where WIP1 acts as a tumor suppressor. Therefore, activating WIP1 phosphatase might also be a therapeutic strategy, depending on the P53 status. To date, no specific, potent WIP1 inhibitors with appropriate pharmacokinetic properties have been reported, nor have WIP1-specific activators. Here, we report the discovery of new WIP1 modulators from a high-throughput screen (HTS) using previously described orthogonal biochemical assays suitable for identifying both inhibitors and activators. The primary HTS was performed against a library of 102 277 compounds at a single concentration using a RapidFire mass spectrometry assay. Hits were further evaluated over a range of 11 concentrations with both the RapidFire MS assay and an orthogonal fluorescence-based assay. Further biophysical, biochemical, and cell-based studies of confirmed hits revealed a WIP1 activator and two inhibitors, one competitive and one uncompetitive. These new scaffolds are prime candidates for optimization which might enable inhibitors with improved pharmacokinetics and a first-in-class WIP1 activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Clausse
- Synthetic
Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Yuhong Fang
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Dingyin Tao
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Harichandra D. Tagad
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hongmao Sun
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Surendra Karavadhi
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Kelly Lane
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Zhen-Dan Shi
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- Chemistry
and Synthesis Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Christopher A. LeClair
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Rebecca Eells
- Reaction
Biology Corporation, 1 Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Min Shen
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Samarjit Patnaik
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory
of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Nathan P. Coussens
- Molecular
Pharmacology Laboratories, Applied and Developmental Research Directorate, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Matthew D. Hall
- National
Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Daniel H. Appella
- Synthetic
Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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6
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Wada J, Rathnayake U, Jenkins LM, Singh A, Mohammadi M, Appella E, Randazzo PA, Samelson LE. In vitro reconstitution reveals cooperative mechanisms of adapter protein-mediated activation of phospholipase C-γ1 in T cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101680. [PMID: 35124007 PMCID: PMC8908268 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of T cells upon engagement of the T cell antigen receptor rapidly leads to a number of phosphorylation and plasma membrane recruitment events. For example, translocation of phospholipase-Cγ1 (PLC−γ1) to the plasma membrane and its association with the transmembrane adapter protein LAT and two other adapter proteins, Gads and SLP-76, are critical events in the early T cell activation process. We have previously characterized the formation of a tetrameric LAT-Gads-SLP-76-PLC−γ1 complex by reconstitution in vitro and have also characterized the thermodynamics of tetramer formation. In the current study, we define how PLC−γ1 recruitment to liposomes, which serve as a plasma membrane surrogate, and PLC−γ1 activation are regulated both independently and additively by recruitment of PLC−γ1 to phosphorylated LAT, by formation of the LAT-Gads-SLP-76-PLC−γ1 tetramer, and by tyrosine phosphorylation of PLC−γ1. The recently solved structure of PLC−γ1 indicates that, in the resting state, several PLC−γ1 domains inhibit its enzymatic activity and contact with the plasma membrane. We propose the multiple cooperative steps that we observed likely lead to conformational alterations in the regulatory domains of PLC−γ1, enabling contact with its membrane substrate, disinhibition of PLC−γ1 enzymatic activity, and production of the phosphoinositide cleavage products necessary for T cell activation.
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7
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DeLeo AB, Appella E. The p53 Saga: Early Steps in the Development of Tumor Immunotherapy. J Immunol 2021; 204:2321-2328. [PMID: 32312843 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1901343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
This year marks the 40th anniversary of the initial identification of p53 as a transformation-related Ag, which was the result of our effort to identify an antigenically distinct tumor Ag of a chemically induced mouse tumor and develop a cancer vaccine. Many researchers at the time viewed this effort as folly. Since then, its characterization has progressed from being an attractive cancer vaccine candidate to recognition as a key player in regulating critical pathways controlling the cell cycle and oncogenesis. Advances in molecular immunology and oncology have enhanced the role of p53 in both fields. It is now apparent that p53 plays a critical role in controlling immune recognition and responses in normal tissues as well as the tumor microenvironment. Together with the advances in clinical implementation of p53-based cancer immunotherapy, they highlight the importance of p53 in many areas of basic and translational cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert B DeLeo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA 15232; and
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814
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8
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Helmold Hait S, Hogge CJ, Rahman MA, Ko EJ, Hunegnaw R, Mushtaq Z, Enyindah-Asonye G, Hoang T, Miller Jenkins LM, Appella E, Appella DH, Robert-Guroff M. An SAMT-247 Microbicide Provides Potent Protection against Intravaginal Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Infection of Rhesus Macaques, whereas an Added Vaccine Component Elicits Mixed Outcomes. J Immunol 2020; 204:3315-3328. [PMID: 32393514 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Because of microbicide noncompliance and lack of a durable, highly effective vaccine, a combined approach might improve HIV prophylaxis. We tested whether a vaccine-microbicide combination would enhance protection against SIV infection in rhesus macaques. Four macaque groups included vaccine only, vaccine-microbicide, microbicide only, and controls. Vaccine groups were primed twice mucosally with replicating adenovirus type 5 host range mutant SIV env/rev, gag, and nef recombinants and boosted twice i.m. with SIV gp120 proteins in alum. Controls and the microbicide-only group received adenovirus type 5 host range mutant empty vector and alum. The microbicide was SAMT-247, a 2-mercaptobenzamide thioester that targets the viral nucleocapsid protein NCp7, causing zinc ejection and preventing RNA encapsidation. Following vaccination, macaques were challenged intravaginally with repeated weekly low doses of SIVmac251 administered 3 h after application of 0.8% SAMT-247 gel (vaccine-microbicide and microbicide groups) or placebo gel (vaccine-only and control groups). The microbicide-only group exhibited potent protection; 10 of 12 macaques remained uninfected following 15 SIV challenges. The vaccine-only group developed strong mucosal and systemic humoral and cellular immunity but did not exhibit delayed acquisition compared with adjuvant controls. However, the vaccine-microbicide group exhibited significant acquisition delay compared with both control and vaccine-only groups, indicating further exploration of the combination strategy is warranted. Impaired protection in the vaccine-microbicide group compared with the microbicide-only group was not attributed to a vaccine-induced increase in SIV target cells. Possible Ab-dependent enhancement will be further investigated. The potent protection provided by SAMT-247 encourages its movement into human clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Helmold Hait
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065
| | - Christopher James Hogge
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065
| | - Mohammad Arif Rahman
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065
| | - Eun-Ju Ko
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065
| | - Ruth Hunegnaw
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065
| | - Zuena Mushtaq
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065
| | - Gospel Enyindah-Asonye
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065
| | - Tanya Hoang
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256; and
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256; and
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-0820
| | - Marjorie Robert-Guroff
- Section on Immune Biology of Retroviral Infection, Vaccine Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-5065;
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9
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Clausse V, Tao D, Debnath S, Fang Y, Tagad HD, Wang Y, Sun H, LeClair CA, Mazur SJ, Lane K, Shi ZD, Vasalatiy O, Eells R, Baker LK, Henderson MJ, Webb MR, Shen M, Hall MD, Appella E, Appella DH, Coussens NP. Physiologically relevant orthogonal assays for the discovery of small-molecule modulators of WIP1 phosphatase in high-throughput screens. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:17654-17668. [PMID: 31481464 PMCID: PMC6873202 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.010201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
WT P53-Induced Phosphatase 1 (WIP1) is a member of the magnesium-dependent serine/threonine protein phosphatase (PPM) family and is induced by P53 in response to DNA damage. In several human cancers, the WIP1 protein is overexpressed, which is generally associated with a worse prognosis. Although WIP1 is an attractive therapeutic target, no potent, selective, and bioactive small-molecule modulator with favorable pharmacokinetics has been reported. Phosphatase enzymes are among the most challenging targets for small molecules because of the difficulty of achieving both modulator selectivity and bioavailability. Another major obstacle has been the availability of robust and physiologically relevant phosphatase assays that are suitable for high-throughput screening. Here, we describe orthogonal biochemical WIP1 activity assays that utilize phosphopeptides from native WIP1 substrates. We optimized an MS assay to quantify the enzymatically dephosphorylated peptide reaction product in a 384-well format. Additionally, a red-shifted fluorescence assay was optimized in a 1,536-well format to enable real-time WIP1 activity measurements through the detection of the orthogonal reaction product, Pi. We validated these two optimized assays by quantitative high-throughput screening against the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences (NCATS) Pharmaceutical Collection and used secondary assays to confirm and evaluate inhibitors identified in the primary screen. Five inhibitors were further tested with an orthogonal WIP1 activity assay and surface plasmon resonance binding studies. Our results validate the application of miniaturized physiologically relevant and orthogonal WIP1 activity assays to discover small-molecule modulators from high-throughput screens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Clausse
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Dingyin Tao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yuhong Fang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Harichandra D Tagad
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Yuhong Wang
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Hongmao Sun
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Christopher A LeClair
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Kelly Lane
- Imaging Probe Development Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Zhen-Dan Shi
- Imaging Probe Development Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Olga Vasalatiy
- Imaging Probe Development Center, NHLBI, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Rebecca Eells
- Reaction Biology Corporation, 1 Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
| | - Lynn K Baker
- Reaction Biology Corporation, 1 Great Valley Parkway, Suite 2, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355
| | - Mark J Henderson
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Martin R Webb
- Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London NW1 AT, United Kingdom
| | - Min Shen
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Matthew D Hall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Nathan P Coussens
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland 20850
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Yoshimura T, Matsushima K, Tanaka S, Robinson EA, Appella E, Oppenheim JJ, Leonard EJ. Pillars Article: Purification of a Human Monocyte-Derived Neutrophil Chemotactic Factor That Has Peptide Sequence Similarity to Other Host Defense Cytokines. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1987. 84: 9233-9237. J Immunol 2019; 202:5-9. [PMID: 30587568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
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11
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Tagad HD, Debnath S, Clausse V, Saha M, Mazur SJ, Appella E, Appella DH. Chemical Features Important for Activity in a Class of Inhibitors Targeting the Wip1 Flap Subdomain. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:894-901. [PMID: 29476592 PMCID: PMC8022280 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201700779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The wild-type p53 induced phosphatase 1, Wip1 (PP2Cδ), is a protein phosphatase 2C (PP2C) family serine/threonine phosphatase that negatively regulates the function of the tumor suppressor p53 and several of its positive regulators such as ATM, Chk1, Chk2, Mdm2, and p38 MAPK. Wip1 dephosphorylates and inactivates its protein targets, which are critical for cellular stress responses. Additionally, Wip1 is frequently amplified and overexpressed in several human cancer types. Because of its negative role in regulating the function of tumor suppressor proteins, Wip1 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in various types of cancers. Based on a recently reported Wip1 inhibitor (G-1), we performed an extensive structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis. This led us to interesting findings in SAR trends and to the discovery of new chemical analogues with good specificity and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harichandra D Tagad
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Victor Clausse
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, LBC, NIDDK, US National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Room 404, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Mrinmoy Saha
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, LBC, NIDDK, US National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Room 404, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, US National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, LBC, NIDDK, US National Institutes of Health, 8 Center Drive, Room 404, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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12
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Debnath S, Kosek D, Tagad HD, Durell SR, Appella DH, Acevedo R, Grishaev A, Dyda F, Appella E, Mazur SJ. A trapped human PPM1A-phosphopeptide complex reveals structural features critical for regulation of PPM protein phosphatase activity. J Biol Chem 2018; 293:7993-8008. [PMID: 29602904 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra117.001213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Metal-dependent protein phosphatases (PPM) are evolutionarily unrelated to other serine/threonine protein phosphatases and are characterized by their requirement for supplementation with millimolar concentrations of Mg2+ or Mn2+ ions for activity in vitro The crystal structure of human PPM1A (also known as PP2Cα), the first PPM structure determined, displays two tightly bound Mn2+ ions in the active site and a small subdomain, termed the Flap, located adjacent to the active site. Some recent crystal structures of bacterial or plant PPM phosphatases have disclosed two tightly bound metal ions and an additional third metal ion in the active site. Here, the crystal structure of the catalytic domain of human PPM1A, PPM1Acat, complexed with a cyclic phosphopeptide, c(MpSIpYVA), a cyclized variant of the activation loop of p38 MAPK (a physiological substrate of PPM1A), revealed three metal ions in the active site. The PPM1Acat D146E-c(MpSIpYVA) complex confirmed the presence of the anticipated third metal ion in the active site of metazoan PPM phosphatases. Biophysical and computational methods suggested that complex formation results in a slightly more compact solution conformation through reduced conformational flexibility of the Flap subdomain. We also observed that the position of the substrate in the active site allows solvent access to the labile third metal-binding site. Enzyme kinetics of PPM1Acat toward a phosphopeptide substrate supported a random-order, bi-substrate mechanism, with substantial interaction between the bound substrate and the labile metal ion. This work illuminates the structural and thermodynamic basis of an innate mechanism regulating the activity of PPM phosphatases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Dalibor Kosek
- Laboratories of Molecular Biology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Harichandra D Tagad
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Bioorganic Chemistry, NIDDK, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Roderico Acevedo
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850
| | - Alexander Grishaev
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, Rockville, Maryland 20850; National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899
| | - Fred Dyda
- Laboratories of Molecular Biology, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, NCI, Bethesda, Maryland 20892.
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13
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Cooks T, Pateras IS, Jenkins LM, Patel KM, Robles AI, Morris J, Forshew T, Appella E, Gorgoulis VG, Harris CC. Mutant p53 cancers reprogram macrophages to tumor supporting macrophages via exosomal miR-1246. Nat Commun 2018; 9:771. [PMID: 29472616 PMCID: PMC5823939 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-03224-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 328] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
TP53 mutants (mutp53) are involved in the pathogenesis of most human cancers. Specific mutp53 proteins gain oncogenic functions (GOFs) distinct from the tumor suppressor activity of the wild-type protein. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), a hallmark of solid tumors, are typically correlated with poor prognosis. Here, we report a non-cell-autonomous mechanism, whereby human mutp53 cancer cells reprogram macrophages to a tumor supportive and anti-inflammatory state. The colon cancer cells harboring GOF mutp53 selectively shed miR-1246-enriched exosomes. Uptake of these exosomes by neighboring macrophages triggers their miR-1246-dependent reprogramming into a cancer-promoting state. Mutp53-reprogammed TAMs favor anti-inflammatory immunosuppression with increased activity of TGF-β. These findings, associated with poor survival in colon cancer patients, strongly support a microenvironmental GOF role for mutp53 in actively engaging the immune system to promote cancer progression and metastasis. p53 gain of function mutants (mutp53) are involved in the pathogenesis of most human cancers. Here, the authors show that mutp53 regulates the tumor microenvironment by inducing the release of specific exosomes containing miR-1246 that once received by macrophages turns them into tumor supportive macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomer Cooks
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI-CCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA
| | - Ioannis S Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, Athens, GR-11527, Greece
| | - Lisa M Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA
| | - Keval M Patel
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ana I Robles
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI-CCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA
| | - James Morris
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Robinsons Way, Cambridge, CB2 0RE, UK
| | - Tim Forshew
- UCL Cancer Institute, Huntley St, Camden Town, London, WC1E 6DD, UK
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA
| | - Vassilis G Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, Athens, GR-11527, Greece.,Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St., GR-11527, Athens, Greece.,Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health, Science Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4QL, UK
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, NCI-CCR, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, 20892-4258, MD, USA.
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14
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Zhang Z, Liu L, Gomez-Casal R, Wang X, Hayashi R, Appella E, Kopelovich L, DeLeo AB. Targeting cancer stem cells with p53 modulators. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45079-45093. [PMID: 27074569 PMCID: PMC5216707 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) typically over-express aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). Thus, ALDHbright tumor cells represent targets for developing novel cancer prevention/treatment interventions. Loss of p53 function is a common genetic event during cancer development wherein small molecular weight compounds (SMWC) that restore p53 function and reverse tumor growth have been identified. Here, we focused on two widely studied p53 SMWC, CP-31398 and PRIMA-1, to target ALDHbright CSC in human breast, endometrial and pancreas carcinoma cell lines expressing mutant or wild type (WT) p53. CP-31398 and PRIMA-1 significantly reduced CSC content and sphere formation by these cell lines in vitro. In addition, these agents were more effective in vitro against CSC compared to cisplatin and gemcitabine, two often-used chemotherapeutic agents. We also tested a combinatorial treatment in methylcholantrene (MCA)-treated mice consisting of p53 SMWC and p53-based vaccines. Yet using survival end-point analysis, no increased efficacy in the presence of either p53 SMWC alone or with vaccine compared to vaccine alone was observed. These results may be due, in part, to the presence of immune cells, such as activated lymphocytes expressing WT p53 at levels comparable to some tumor cells, wherein further increase of p53 expression by p53 SMWC may alter survival of these immune cells and negatively impact an effective immune response. Continuous exposure of mice to MCA may have also interfered with the action of these p53 SMWC, including potential direct interaction with MCA. Nonetheless, the effect of p53 SMWC on CSC and cancer treatment remains of great interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhan Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Ling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China.,Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Roberto Gomez-Casal
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryo Hayashi
- National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Levy Kopelovich
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - Albert B DeLeo
- University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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15
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Alam MS, Gaida MM, Debnath S, Tagad HD, Miller Jenkins LM, Appella E, Rahman MJ, Ashwell JD. Unique properties of TCR-activated p38 are necessary for NFAT-dependent T-cell activation. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2004111. [PMID: 29357353 PMCID: PMC5794172 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2004111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) transcription factors are required for induction of T-cell cytokine production and effector function. Although it is known that activation via the T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) results in 2 critical steps, calcineurin-mediated NFAT1 dephosphorylation and NFAT2 up-regulation, the molecular mechanisms underlying each are poorly understood. Here we find that T cell p38, which is activated by an alternative pathway independent of the mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade and with different substrate specificities, directly controls these events. First, alternatively (but not classically) activated p38 was required to induce the expression of the AP-1 component c-Fos, which was necessary for NFAT2 expression and cytokine production. Second, alternatively (but not classically) activated p38 phosphorylated NFAT1 on a heretofore unidentified site, S79, and in its absence NFAT1 was unable to interact with calcineurin or migrate to the nucleus. These results demonstrate that the acquisition of unique specificities by TCR-activated p38 orchestrates NFAT-dependent T-cell functions. The p38 MAP kinase, which is required for a large number of important biological responses, is activated by an enzymatic cascade that results in its dual phosphorylation on p38T180Y182. T cells have evolved a unique pathway in which T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) ligation results in phosphorylation of p38Y323 (the alternative pathway). Why T cells acquired this pathway is the subject of conjecture. In this study, we examine the activation of 2 members of the nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) family, which, when dephosphorylated by calcineurin, migrate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. In T cells with the alternative pathway ablated by a single amino acid substitution (p38Y323F), NFAT1 remained in the cytoplasm after stimulation via the TCR. Studies identified NFAT1S79 as a target for alternatively (but not classically) activated p38, and phosphorylation of this residue was required for binding calcineurin and nuclear translocation. Furthermore, although classically activated p38 induced NFAT1 translocation in the absence of NFAT1S79 phosphorylation, unlike alternatively activated p38 it did not cause NFAT2 up-regulation. This paradox was resolved by the finding that only the latter induces c-Fos, which binds to the NFAT2 promoter and participates in its up-regulation. These T-cell-specific p38 activities provide a strong rationale for the acquisition of the alternative mechanism for activating p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S. Alam
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Matthias M. Gaida
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Harichandra D. Tagad
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Lisa M. Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - M. Jubayer Rahman
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology at the Immunology Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jonathan D. Ashwell
- Laboratory of Immune Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Cooks T, Pateras IS, Jenkins LM, Patel KM, Robles AI, Morris J, Forshew T, Appella E, Gorgoulis VG, Harris CC. Abstract 3701: Mutant p53 cancers reprogram tumor-associated macrophages via exosomal miR-1246. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
TP53 mutants (mutp53) are involved in the pathogenesis of most human cancers. Specific mutp53 proteins gain oncogenic functions (GOF) distinct from the tumor suppressor activity of the wild-type protein. Tumor-associated-macrophages, a hallmark of solid tumors, are typically correlated with poor prognosis. Here we report a non-cell-autonomous mechanism whereby mutp53 cancer cells reprogram TAM to a tumor supportive and anti-inflammatory state. The colon cancer cells harboring GOF mutp53 selectively shed miR-1246-enriched exosomes. Uptake of these exosomes by neighboring macrophages triggers their miR-1246 dependent reprogramming into a cancer-promoting state. Mutp53-reprogammed TAM favor anti-inflammatory immunosuppression with increased activity of TGF-β. These findings, observed also in colon cancer patients, strongly support a microenvironmental GOF role for mutp53 in actively engaging the immune system to promote cancer progression and metastasis.
Citation Format: Tomer Cooks, Ioannis S. Pateras, Lisa M. Jenkins, Keval M. Patel, Ana I. Robles, James Morris, Tim Forshew, Ettore Appella, Vassilis G. Gorgoulis, Curtis C. Harris. Mutant p53 cancers reprogram tumor-associated macrophages via exosomal miR-1246 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3701. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3701
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - James Morris
- 4Cambridge Research Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tim Forshew
- 5UCL Cancer Institute, London, United Kingdom
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Veschi V, Liu Z, Voss TC, Ozbun L, Gryder B, Yan C, Hu Y, Ma A, Jin J, Mazur SJ, Lam N, Souza BK, Giannini G, Hager GL, Arrowsmith CH, Khan J, Appella E, Thiele C. Abstract 3867: Epigenetic siRNA and chemical screens identify SETD8 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to reactivate p53 in high-risk neuroblastoma. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2017-3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Neuroblastoma (NB) is considered a failure of sympathoadrenal differentiation. High-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) is an aggressive pediatric tumor accounting for 15% of all pediatric oncology deaths. Less than 50% of HR-NB patients have long-term survival, despite intense multimodality treatment. Given the paucity of druggable mutations and findings that epigenetic drivers contribute to NB tumorigenesis, we undertook a chromatin-focused siRNA screen to uncover epigenetic regulators critical for survival of high-risk NBs. Of the 400 genes analyzed, high-content Opera imaging identified 53 genes whose loss of expression led to significant decreases in NB cell number with 16 also inducing differentiation. A screen with 21 epigenetic compounds in 8 NB cell lines and 2 non-transformed cell lines prioritized those siRNA hits with active tool compounds in the drug development pipeline. This revealed UNC0379 (targets SETD8) inhibited NB cell growth and identified SETD8 as an important and druggable NB target. SETD8 is the H4K20me1 methyltransferase which regulates DNA replication, chromosome condensation and gene expression. Analysis of primary NB revealed that high expression of SETD8 is associated with poor prognosis in NB (R2 platform ex. Kocak; p=1.4e-07). Levels of SETD8 were not significantly different between Stage 4 MYCN-amp compared to MYCN-WT tumors but high SETD8 levels were only associated with poor prognosis in the Stage 4 MYCN-WT(p=0.03). To understand SETD8-mechanism of action, we performed RNA-seq transcriptome analyses after genetic or pharmacological inhibition of SETD8. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis revealed that SETD8 ablation rescued p53 pro-apoptotic and cell-cycle arrest functions by activating the canonical p53 pathway. Functional studies showed SETD8 methylates p53 (K382) leading to its inactivation. Levels of p53K382me1 are higher in MYCN-WT NB cell lines compared to those with MYCN-amp. Less than 2% of NB tumors have p53 mutations but multiple mechanisms have been identified in MYCN-amp NB that functionally inactivate p53. This study identified that SETD8 inactivates p53 in NB and may be an important mechanism to inactivate p53 in MYCN-WT HR-NB. This subgroup represents 60-70% of HR-NB tumors. SETD8 inhibition led to increases in caspase-dependent cell death only in p53-WT but not -mutant or -null NB cells. Genetic rescue experiments confirmed that SETD8-induced cell death is p53 dependent and p53K382 is important for this activity. Our in vivo xenograft NB models, showed that genetic or pharmacologic (UNC0379) inhibition of SETD8 confers a significant survival advantage. This work identifies that SETD8 is a novel therapeutic target and its inhibition may be especially relevant for the subset of high-risk NB tumors with wildtype MYCN. This is the first in vivo preclinical study showing that targeting SETD8 inhibits tumor growth.
Citation Format: Veronica Veschi, Zhihui Liu, Ty C. Voss, Laurent Ozbun, Berkley Gryder, Chunhua Yan, Ying Hu, Anqi Ma, Jian Jin, Sharlyn J. Mazur, Norris Lam, Barbara K. Souza, Giuseppe Giannini, Gordon L. Hager, Cheryl H. Arrowsmith, Javed Khan, Ettore Appella, Carol Thiele. Epigenetic siRNA and chemical screens identify SETD8 inhibition as a therapeutic strategy to reactivate p53 in high-risk neuroblastoma [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2017; 2017 Apr 1-5; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3867. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2017-3867
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhihui Liu
- 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ty C. Voss
- 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | - Chunhua Yan
- 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ying Hu
- 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Anqi Ma
- 2Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jian Jin
- 2Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | | - Norris Lam
- 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | | | - Javed Khan
- 1National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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18
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Yang Y, Zhu J, Hassink M, Jenkins LMM, Wan Y, Appella DH, Xu J, Appella E, Zhang X. A novel preventive strategy against HIV-1 infection: combinatorial use of inhibitors targeting the nucleocapsid and fusion proteins. Emerg Microbes Infect 2017; 6:e40. [PMID: 28588284 PMCID: PMC5520304 DOI: 10.1038/emi.2017.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Revised: 02/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The strategy of simultaneously attacking multiple targets is worthy of exploration in the field of microbicide development to combat HIV-1 sequence diversity and minimize the transmission of resistant variants. A combination of S-acyl-2-mercaptobenzamide thioester-10 (SAMT10), an inhibitor of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein (NCp7), and the fusion inhibitor sifuvirtide (SFT) may exert synergistic effects, since SFT can block viral fusion at an early stage of the viral cycle and SAMT10 can disrupt viral particles at a later stage. In this study, we investigated the effect of the combination of SAMT10 and SFT on HIV-1 infection using in vitro cell culture and ex vivo mucosal explant models. A range of doses for each compound was tested at 10-fold serial dilutions based on their 50% effective concentrations (EC50). We observed a synergistic effect of SAMT10 and SFT in vitro against both the laboratory-adapted HIV-1 strain HIV-1IIIB (subtype B, X4) and three pseudotyped viruses prevalent in Chinese sexually transmitted populations (SVPB16 (subtype B, R5), SVPC12 (subtype C, R5) and SH1.81 (CRF01_AE, R5)). In the ex vivo study, the EC50 values of the inhibitor combinations were reduced 1.5- to 2-fold in colorectal mucosal explants compared to treatment with SAMT10 or SFT alone by using with HIV-1IIIB. These results may provide a novel strategy for microbicide development against HIV-1 sexual transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Jingyu Zhu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Matthew Hassink
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Chemical Immunology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Yanmin Wan
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Daniel H Appella
- Synthetic Bioactive Molecules Section, Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Jianqing Xu
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
| | - Ettore Appella
- Chemical Immunology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoyan Zhang
- Scientific Research Center, Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology, Fudan University, Shanghai 201508, China
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19
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Mazur SJ, Gallagher ES, Debnath S, Durell SR, Anderson KW, Miller Jenkins LM, Appella E, Hudgens JW. Conformational Changes in Active and Inactive States of Human PP2Cα Characterized by Hydrogen/Deuterium Exchange-Mass Spectrometry. Biochemistry 2017; 56:2676-2689. [PMID: 28481111 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b01220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PPM serine/threonine protein phosphatases function in signaling pathways and require millimolar concentrations of Mn2+ or Mg2+ ions for activity. Whereas the crystal structure of human PP2Cα displayed two tightly bound Mn2+ ions in the active site, recent investigations of PPM phosphatases have characterized the binding of a third, catalytically essential metal ion. The binding of the third Mg2+ to PP2Cα was reported to have millimolar affinity and to be entropically driven, suggesting it may be structurally and catalytically important. Here, we report the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange-mass spectrometry and molecular dynamics to characterize conformational changes in PP2Cα between the active and inactive states. In the presence of millimolar concentrations of Mg2+, metal-coordinating residues in the PP2Cα active site are maintained in a more rigid state over the catalytically relevant time scale of 30-300 s. Submillimolar Mg2+ concentrations or introduction of the D146A mutation increased the conformational mobility in the Flap subdomain and in buttressing helices α1 and α2. Residues 192-200, located in the Flap subdomain, exhibited the greatest interplay between effects of Mg2+ concentration and the D146A mutation. Molecular dynamics simulations suggest that the presence of the third metal ion and the D146A mutation each produce distinct conformational realignments in the Flap subdomain. These observations suggest that the binding of Mg2+ to the D146/D239 binding site stabilizes the conformation of the active site and the Flap subdomain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharlyn J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Elyssia S Gallagher
- Bioprocess Measurement Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Subrata Debnath
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Stewart R Durell
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Kyle W Anderson
- Bioprocess Measurement Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Jeffrey W Hudgens
- Bioprocess Measurement Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology , Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States.,Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research , Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
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20
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Veschi V, Liu Z, Voss TC, Ozbun L, Gryder B, Yan C, Hu Y, Ma A, Jin J, Mazur SJ, Lam N, Souza BK, Giannini G, Hager GL, Arrowsmith CH, Khan J, Appella E, Thiele CJ. Epigenetic siRNA and Chemical Screens Identify SETD8 Inhibition as a Therapeutic Strategy for p53 Activation in High-Risk Neuroblastoma. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:50-63. [PMID: 28073004 PMCID: PMC5233415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Given the paucity of druggable mutations in high-risk neuroblastoma (NB), we undertook chromatin-focused small interfering RNA and chemical screens to uncover epigenetic regulators critical for the differentiation block in high-risk NB. High-content Opera imaging identified 53 genes whose loss of expression led to a decrease in NB cell proliferation and 16 also induced differentiation. From these, the secondary chemical screen identified SETD8, the H4K20me1 methyltransferase, as a druggable NB target. Functional studies revealed that SETD8 ablation rescued the pro-apoptotic and cell-cycle arrest functions of p53 by decreasing p53K382me1, leading to activation of the p53 canonical pathway. In pre-clinical xenograft NB models, genetic or pharmacological (UNC0379) SETD8 inhibition conferred a significant survival advantage, providing evidence for SETD8 as a therapeutic target in NB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Veschi
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, CRC, 1-3940, 10 Center Drive MSC-1105, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Zhihui Liu
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, CRC, 1-3940, 10 Center Drive MSC-1105, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ty C Voss
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laurent Ozbun
- High-Throughput Imaging Facility, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Berkley Gryder
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Chunhua Yan
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Ying Hu
- Center for Biomedical Informatics and Information Technology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
| | - Anqi Ma
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Oncological Sciences, Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Jian Jin
- Department of Structural and Chemical Biology, Oncological Sciences, Pharmacology and Systems Therapeutics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- Chemical Immunology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Norris Lam
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, CRC, 1-3940, 10 Center Drive MSC-1105, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Barbara K Souza
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, CRC, 1-3940, 10 Center Drive MSC-1105, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Giuseppe Giannini
- Istituto Pasteur-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Department of Molecular Medicine, University La Sapienza, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Gordon L Hager
- Laboratory of Receptor Biology and Gene Expression, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Cheryl H Arrowsmith
- Structural Genomics Consortium, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Javed Khan
- Oncogenomics Section, Genetics Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ettore Appella
- Chemical Immunology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Carol J Thiele
- Cell and Molecular Biology Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, CRC, 1-3940, 10 Center Drive MSC-1105, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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21
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Appella E, Jenkins LMM, Guengerich FP. Introduction to thematic series: protein interactions, structures, and networks. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:26393-4. [PMID: 26354433 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r115.690370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein interactions are fundamental to the proper functioning of cells, and aberrant formation or regulation of protein interactions is at the heart of many diseases, including cancer. The advancement of methods to study the identity, function, and regulation of protein complexes makes possible the understanding of how those complexes malfunction in human diseases. New methodologies in mass spectrometry, microscopy, and protein structural analysis are rapidly advancing the amount and quality of the data, as well as the level of detail that can be obtained from experiments. With this progress, the questions that can be addressed and the biological landscape are changing. This series of minireviews highlights methodological advances and how they have been applied in novel ways to explore the function and regulation of pathways and dynamic networks in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Appella
- From the Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- From the Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892 and
| | - F Peter Guengerich
- the Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee 37232
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22
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Tong Q, Mazur SJ, Rincon-Arano H, Rothbart SB, Kuznetsov DM, Cui G, Liu WH, Gete Y, Klein BJ, Jenkins L, Mer G, Kutateladze AG, Strahl BD, Groudine M, Appella E, Kutateladze TG. An acetyl-methyl switch drives a conformational change in p53. Structure 2015; 23:322-31. [PMID: 25651062 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 12/06/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Individual posttranslational modifications (PTMs) of p53 mediate diverse p53-dependent responses; however, much less is known about the combinatorial action of adjacent modifications. Here, we describe crosstalk between the early DNA damage response mark p53K382me2 and the surrounding PTMs that modulate binding of p53 cofactors, including 53BP1 and p300. The 1.8 Å resolution crystal structure of the tandem Tudor domain (TTD) of 53BP1 in complex with p53 peptide acetylated at K381 and dimethylated at K382 (p53K381acK382me2) reveals that the dual PTM induces a conformational change in p53. The α-helical fold of p53K381acK382me2 positions the side chains of R379, K381ac, and K382me2 to interact with TTD concurrently, reinforcing a modular design of double PTM mimetics. Biochemical and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses show that other surrounding PTMs, including phosphorylation of serine/threonine residues of p53, affect association with TTD. Our findings suggest a novel PTM-driven conformation switch-like mechanism that may regulate p53 interactions with binding partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Hector Rincon-Arano
- Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Scott B Rothbart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Dmitry M Kuznetsov
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Wallace H Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Yantenew Gete
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brianna J Klein
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Lisa Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Andrei G Kutateladze
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Mark Groudine
- Basic Science Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, University Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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23
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Di Donato M, Bilancio A, D'Amato L, Claudiani P, Oliviero MA, Barone MV, Auricchio A, Appella E, Migliaccio A, Auricchio F, Castoria G. Cross-talk between androgen receptor/filamin A and TrkA regulates neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells. Mol Biol Cell 2015; 26:2858-72. [PMID: 26063730 PMCID: PMC4571344 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Steroids and growth factors control neuronal development through their receptors under physiological and pathological conditions. We show that PC12 cells harbor endogenous androgen receptor (AR), whose inhibition or silencing strongly interferes with neuritogenesis stimulated by the nonaromatizable synthetic androgen R1881 or NGF. This implies a role for AR not only in androgen signaling, but also in NGF signaling. In turn, a pharmacological TrkA inhibitor interferes with NGF- or androgen-induced neuritogenesis. In addition, androgen or NGF triggers AR association with TrkA, TrkA interaction with PI3-K δ, and downstream activation of PI3-K δ and Rac in PC12 cells. Once associated with AR, filamin A (FlnA) contributes to androgen or NGF neuritogenesis, likely through its interaction with signaling effectors, such as Rac. This study thus identifies a previously unrecognized reciprocal cross-talk between AR and TrkA, which is controlled by β1 integrin. The contribution of FlnA/AR complex and PI3-K δ to neuronal differentiation by androgens and NGF is also novel. This is the first description of AR function in PC12 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzia Di Donato
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Bilancio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Loredana D'Amato
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Pamela Claudiani
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine and Medical Genetics and Translational Medicine Department, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta Oliviero
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Vittoria Barone
- European Laboratory for the Investigation of Food Induced Diseases and Medical Genetics and Translational Medicine Department, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Auricchio
- Telethon Institute of Genetics and Medicine and Medical Genetics and Translational Medicine Department, University Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256
| | - Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Auricchio
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Castoria
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, II University of Naples, 80138 Naples, Italy
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24
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Engelhard VH, Appella E, Benjamin DC, Bodnar WM, Cox AL, Chen Y, Henderson RA, Huczko EL, Michel H, Sakaguichi K, Shabanowitz J, Sevilir N, Slingluff CL, Hunt DF. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Peptides Associated with the Human Class I MHC Molecules HLA-A2.1 and HLA-B7 and Identification of Structural Features that Determine Binding. Chemical Immunology and Allergy 2015. [DOI: 10.1159/000422530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
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25
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Miller Jenkins LM, Feng H, Durell SR, Tagad HD, Mazur SJ, Tropea JE, Bai Y, Appella E. Characterization of the p300 Taz2-p53 TAD2 complex and comparison with the p300 Taz2-p53 TAD1 complex. Biochemistry 2015; 54:2001-10. [PMID: 25753752 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.5b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a critical mediator of the cellular response to stress. The N-terminal transactivation domain of p53 makes protein interactions that promote its function as a transcription factor. Among those cofactors is the histone acetyltransferase p300, which both stabilizes p53 and promotes local chromatin unwinding. Here, we report the nuclear magnetic resonance solution structure of the Taz2 domain of p300 bound to the second transactivation subdomain of p53. In the complex, p53 forms an α-helix between residues 47 and 55 that interacts with the α1-α2-α3 face of Taz2. Mutational analysis indicated several residues in both p53 and Taz2 that are critical for stabilizing the interaction. Finally, further characterization of the complex by isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that complex formation is pH-dependent and releases a bound chloride ion. This study highlights differences in the structures of complexes formed by the two transactivation subdomains of p53 that may be broadly observed and play critical roles in p53 transcriptional activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- †Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Hanqiao Feng
- ‡Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Stewart R Durell
- †Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Harichandra D Tagad
- †Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- †Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Joseph E Tropea
- §Macromolecular Crystallography Laboratory, National Cancer Institute, Frederick, Maryland 21702, United States
| | - Yawen Bai
- ‡Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
| | - Ettore Appella
- †Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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26
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Tong Q, Cui G, Botuyan MV, Rothbart SB, Hayashi R, Musselman CA, Singh N, Appella E, Strahl BD, Mer G, Kutateladze TG. Structural plasticity of methyllysine recognition by the tandem tudor domain of 53BP1. Structure 2015; 23:312-21. [PMID: 25579814 DOI: 10.1016/j.str.2014.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
p53 is dynamically regulated through various posttranslational modifications (PTMs), which differentially modulate its function and stability. The dimethylated marks p53K370me2 and p53K382me2 are associated with p53 activation or stabilization and both are recognized by the tandem Tudor domain (TTD) of 53BP1, a p53 cofactor. Here we detail the molecular mechanisms for the recognition of p53K370me2 and p53K382me2 by 53BP1. The solution structures of TTD in complex with the p53K370me2 and p53K382me2 peptides show a remarkable plasticity of 53BP1 in accommodating these diverse dimethyllysine-containing sequences. We demonstrate that dimeric TTDs are capable of interacting with the two PTMs on a single p53K370me2K382me2 peptide, greatly strengthening the 53BP1-p53 interaction. Analysis of binding affinities of TTD toward methylated p53 and histones reveals strong preference of 53BP1 for p53K382me2, H4K20me2, and H3K36me2 and suggests a possible role of multivalent contacts of 53BP1 in p53 targeting to and accumulation at the sites of DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Tong
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gaofeng Cui
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | | | - Scott B Rothbart
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Ryo Hayashi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Catherine A Musselman
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Namit Singh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Brian D Strahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics and the Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Georges Mer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Tatiana G Kutateladze
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA.
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27
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Castoria G, Giovannelli P, Di Donato M, Ciociola A, Hayashi R, Bernal F, Appella E, Auricchio F, Migliaccio A. Role of non-genomic androgen signalling in suppressing proliferation of fibroblasts and fibrosarcoma cells. Cell Death Dis 2014; 5:e1548. [PMID: 25476896 PMCID: PMC4649827 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2014.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The functions of androgen receptor (AR) in stromal cells are still debated in spite of the demonstrated importance of these cells in organ development and diseases. Here, we show that physiological androgen concentration (10 nM R1881 or DHT) fails to induce DNA synthesis, while it consistently stimulates cell migration in mesenchymal and transformed mesenchymal cells. Ten nanomolar R1881 triggers p27 Ser10 phosphorylation and its stabilization in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Activation of Rac and its downstream effector DYRK 1B is responsible for p27 Ser10 phosphorylation and cell quiescence. Ten nanomolar androgen also inhibits transformation induced by oncogenic Ras in NIH3T3 fibroblasts. Overexpression of an AR mutant unable to interact with filamin A, use of a small peptide displacing AR/filamin A interaction, and filamin A knockdown indicate that the androgen-triggered AR/filamin A complex regulates the pathway leading to p27 Ser10 phosphorylation and cell cycle arrest. As the AR/filamin A complex is also responsible for migration stimulated by 10 nM androgen, our report shows that the androgen-triggered AR/filamin A complex controls, through Rac 1, the decision of cells to halt cell cycle and migration. This study reveals a new and unexpected role of androgen/AR signalling in coordinating stromal cell functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Castoria
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - P Giovannelli
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - M Di Donato
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - A Ciociola
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - R Hayashi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National
Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
20892-4256, USA
| | - F Bernal
- Metabolism Branch, National Cancer
Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892-4256, USA
| | - E Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National
Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD
20892-4256, USA
| | - F Auricchio
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
| | - A Migliaccio
- Department of Biochemistry,
Biophysics and General Pathology—II University of Naples,
Via L. De Crecchio 7, 80138
Naples, Italy
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Wang RH, Lahusen TJ, Chen Q, Xu X, Jenkins LMM, Leo E, Fu H, Aladjem M, Pommier Y, Appella E, Deng CX. SIRT1 deacetylates TopBP1 and modulates intra-S-phase checkpoint and DNA replication origin firing. Int J Biol Sci 2014; 10:1193-202. [PMID: 25516717 PMCID: PMC4261203 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.11066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SIRT1, the mammalian homolog of yeast Sir2, is a founding member of a family of 7 protein and histone deacetylases that are involved in numerous biological functions. Previous studies revealed that SIRT1 deficiency results in genome instability, which eventually leads to cancer formation, yet the underlying mechanism is unclear. To investigate this, we conducted a proteomics study and found that SIRT1 interacted with many proteins involved in replication fork protection and origin firing. We demonstrated that loss of SIRT1 resulted in increased replication origin firing, asymmetric fork progression, defective intra-S-phase checkpoint, and chromosome damage. Mechanistically, SIRT1 deacetylates and affects the activity of TopBP1, which plays an essential role in DNA replication fork protection and replication origin firing. Our study demonstrated that ectopic over-expression of the deacetylated form of TopBP1 in SIRT1 mutant cells repressed replication origin firing, while the acetylated form of TopBP1 lost this function. Thus, SIRT1 acts upstream of TopBP1 and plays an essential role in maintaining genome stability by modulating DNA replication fork initiation and the intra-S-phase cell cycle checkpoint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Hong Wang
- 1. Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA; ; 4. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR of People's Republic of China
| | - Tyler J Lahusen
- 1. Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Qiang Chen
- 1. Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoling Xu
- 1. Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA; ; 4. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR of People's Republic of China
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- 2. Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Elisabetta Leo
- 3. Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Haiqing Fu
- 3. Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Mirit Aladjem
- 3. Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Yves Pommier
- 3. Developmental Therapeutics Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Ettore Appella
- 2. Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA
| | - Chu-Xia Deng
- 1. Genetics of Development and Disease Branch, 10/9N105, National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland MD 20892, USA; ; 4. Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, SAR of People's Republic of China
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Lu X, Nguyen TA, Appella E, Donehower LA. Homeostatic Regulation of Base Excision Repair by a p53-Induced Phosphatase: Linking Stress Response Pathways with DNA Repair Proteins. Cell Cycle 2014; 3:1363-6. [PMID: 15539943 DOI: 10.4161/cc.3.11.1241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 protein plays a central role in the integration of cellular stress responses. If the cell incurs DNA damage, p53-induced cell cycle arrest is accompanied by p53-facilitated DNA repair. In particular, p53 has been demonstrated to promote both nucleotide excision repair (NER) and base excision repair (BER). Once these repair processes are completed, p53 activity declines and the cell can reenter the cell cycle. A critical mediator of this p53 negative regulatory feedback loop is Mdm2, a p53 transcriptional target whose protein mediates p53 proteolytic degradation. Another such p53 transcriptional target that may function in a p53 negative regulation is the PPM1D phosphatase. PPM1D may inhibit p53 activity through inactivating dephosphorylation of the p38 MAP kinase. We have recently shown that PPM1D suppresses BER in part through dephosphorylation of a key BER effector, the nuclear isoform of uracil DNA glycosylase, or UNG2. This finding further links p53 signaling to DNA repair pathways and illustrates a mechanism by which activated DNA repair systems are returned to a deactivated, homeostatic state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiongbin Lu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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30
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Goloudina A, Yamaguchi H, Chervyakova DB, Appella E, Fornace, Jr. AJ, Bulavin DV. Regulation of Human Cdc25A Stability by Serine 75 Phosphorylation Is Not Sufficient to Activate a S-phase Checkpoint. Cell Cycle 2014. [DOI: 10.4161/cc.2.5.482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Moon BH, Suman S, Li H, Yang Q, Strawn SJ, LoBello J, Mazur SJ, Appella E, Chen S, Fornace AJ. Abstract 1998: Deficient expression of oncogenic Wip1 (PPM1D) negatively regulates melanoma progression and metastasis. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
PPM1D belongs to the magnesium-dependent serine/threonine phosphatase family. It is well demonstrated that PPM1D amplification and overexpression is a frequent event in many human cancer types; however, its role in melanoma development and metastasis is not yet defined. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the role of Wip1 in melanoma progression and to evaluate correlations between Wip1 expression and clinical pathological parameters, such as grade and metastasis. In order to investigate the role of Wip1 in melanoma progression, we crossed Grm1 transgenic (TG3) mice, a well-characterized mouse model for melanoma, with Wip1 null mice (PPM1D-/-) to generate TG3:PPM1D-/- mice, and observed the rate of spontaneous melanoma formation. Compared with TG3 mice, TG3:PPM1D-/- mice exhibited dramatic reductions in melanoma incidence and metastasis to lymph nodes, lungs, liver and spleen. In addition, in-vitro down-regulation of Wip1 in Mass20 melanoma cells significantly decreased cellular proliferation and migration. Further, human melanoma tissue microarrays (TMAs) were used to determine PPM1D mRNA and protein expression levels in human tumors at different stages of progression. In situ staining of PPM1D mRNA and its corresponding protein Wip1 in human melanoma TMAs revealed higher expression levels in at least ∼50% of the metastatic tumors analyzed.
Overall, our results demonstrate abundant expression of Wip1 in late stage/high grade melanoma and suggest that therapeutic strategies targeting Wip1 in individuals with select tumor subtypes might improve the survival advantage in Wip1-positive melanoma patients. However, further studies are required to elucidate the interactions between Wip1 signaling and established pathways of melanoma progression.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the meeting.
Citation Format: Bo-Hyun Moon, Shubhankar Suman, Henghong Li, Qian Yang, Steven J. Strawn, Janine LoBello, Sharlyn J. Mazur, Ettore Appella, Suzie Chen, Albert J. Fornace. Deficient expression of oncogenic Wip1 (PPM1D) negatively regulates melanoma progression and metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 1998. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-1998
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Hyun Moon
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, DC
| | - Shubhankar Suman
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, DC
| | - Henghong Li
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, DC
| | - Qian Yang
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, DC
| | - Steven J. Strawn
- 2Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University, Washington DC, DC
| | - Janine LoBello
- 3Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, AZ
| | - Sharlyn J. Mazur
- 4Chemical Immunology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, Bethesda, MD, MD
| | - Ettore Appella
- 4Chemical Immunology Section, Laboratory of Cell Biology, NCI, Bethesda, MD, MD
| | - Suzie Chen
- 5Susan Lehman Cullen Laboratory of Cancer Research, Department of Chemical Biology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Georgetown University, Washington DC, DC
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Horikawa I, Fujita K, Jenkins LMM, Hiyoshi Y, Mondal AM, Vojtesek B, Lane DP, Appella E, Harris CC. Autophagic degradation of the inhibitory p53 isoform Δ133p53α as a regulatory mechanism for p53-mediated senescence. Nat Commun 2014; 5:4706. [PMID: 25144556 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms5706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Δ133p53α, a p53 isoform that can inhibit full-length p53, is downregulated at replicative senescence in a manner independent of mRNA regulation and proteasome-mediated degradation. Here we demonstrate that, unlike full-length p53, Δ133p53α is degraded by autophagy during replicative senescence. Pharmacological inhibition of autophagy restores Δ133p53α expression levels in replicatively senescent fibroblasts, without affecting full-length p53. The siRNA-mediated knockdown of pro-autophagic proteins (ATG5, ATG7 and Beclin-1) also restores Δ133p53α expression. The chaperone-associated E3 ubiquitin ligase STUB1, which is known to regulate autophagy, interacts with Δ133p53α and is downregulated at replicative senescence. The siRNA knockdown of STUB1 in proliferating, early-passage fibroblasts induces the autophagic degradation of Δ133p53α and thereby induces senescence. Upon replicative senescence or STUB1 knockdown, Δ133p53α is recruited to autophagosomes, consistent with its autophagic degradation. This study reveals that STUB1 is an endogenous regulator of Δ133p53α degradation and senescence, and identifies a p53 isoform-specific protein turnover mechanism that orchestrates p53-mediated senescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Horikawa
- 1] Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258, USA [2]
| | - Kaori Fujita
- 1] Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258, USA [2] [3]
| | - Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258, USA
| | - Yukiharu Hiyoshi
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258, USA
| | - Abdul M Mondal
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258, USA
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied and Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty Kopec 7, Brno 65653, Czech Republic
| | - David P Lane
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258, USA
| | - Curtis C Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4258, USA
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33
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Sakai H, Fujigaki H, Mazur SJ, Appella E. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) forestalls cellular premature senescence at physiological oxygen levels by regulating DNA damage response signaling during DNA replication. Cell Cycle 2014; 13:1015-29. [PMID: 24552809 DOI: 10.4161/cc.27920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wip1 (protein phosphatase Mg(2+)/Mn(2+)-dependent 1D, Ppm1d) is a nuclear serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is induced by p53 following the activation of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Ppm1d(-/-) mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit premature senescence under conventional culture conditions; however, little is known regarding the role of Wip1 in regulating cellular senescence. In this study, we found that even at a representative physiological concentration of 3% O2, Ppm1d(-/-) MEFs underwent premature cellular senescence that depended on the functional activation of p53. Interestingly, Ppm1d(-/-) MEFs showed increased H2AX phosphorylation levels without increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) or DNA base damage compared with wild-type (Wt) MEFs, suggesting a decreased threshold for DDR activation or sustained DDR activation during recovery. Notably, the increased H2AX phosphorylation levels observed in Ppm1d(-/-) MEFs were primarily associated with S-phase cells and predominantly dependent on the activation of ATM. Moreover, these same phenotypes were observed when Wt and Ppm1d(-/-) MEFs were either transiently or chronically exposed to low levels of agents that induce replication-mediated double-stranded breaks. These findings suggest that Wip1 prevents the induction of cellular senescence at physiological oxygen levels by attenuating DDR signaling in response to endogenous double-stranded breaks that form during DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Sakai
- Laboratory of Cell Biology; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Hidetsugu Fujigaki
- Laboratory of Cell Biology; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Sharlyn J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology; National Cancer Institute; National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
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34
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Mondal AM, Horikawa I, Pine SR, Fujita K, Morgan KM, Vera E, Mazur SJ, Appella E, Vojtesek B, Blasco MA, Lane DP, Harris CC. p53 isoforms regulate aging- and tumor-associated replicative senescence in T lymphocytes. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:5247-57. [PMID: 24231352 PMCID: PMC3859419 DOI: 10.1172/jci70355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence contributes to aging and decline in tissue function. p53 isoform switching regulates replicative senescence in cultured fibroblasts and is associated with tumor progression. Here, we found that the endogenous p53 isoforms Δ133p53 and p53β are physiological regulators of proliferation and senescence in human T lymphocytes in vivo. Peripheral blood CD8+ T lymphocytes collected from healthy donors displayed an age-dependent accumulation of senescent cells (CD28-CD57+) with decreased Δ133p53 and increased p53β expression. Human lung tumor-associated CD8+ T lymphocytes also harbored senescent cells. Cultured CD8+ blood T lymphocytes underwent replicative senescence that was associated with loss of CD28 and Δ133p53 protein. In poorly proliferative, Δ133p53-low CD8+CD28- cells, reconstituted expression of either Δ133p53 or CD28 upregulated endogenous expression of each other, which restored cell proliferation, extended replicative lifespan and rescued senescence phenotypes. Conversely, Δ133p53 knockdown or p53β overexpression in CD8+CD28+ cells inhibited cell proliferation and induced senescence. This study establishes a role for Δ133p53 and p53β in regulation of cellular proliferation and senescence in vivo. Furthermore, Δ133p53-induced restoration of cellular replicative potential may lead to a new therapeutic paradigm for treating immunosenescence disorders, including those associated with aging, cancer, autoimmune diseases, and HIV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul M. Mondal
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Izumi Horikawa
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sharon R. Pine
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Kaori Fujita
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Katherine M. Morgan
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Elsa Vera
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Sharlyn J. Mazur
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Maria A. Blasco
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - David P. Lane
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
| | - Curtis C. Harris
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Department of Medicine, UMDNJ/Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
Telomeres and Telomerase Group/Molecular Oncology Programme, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, C/Melchor Fernández Almagro, Madrid, Spain.
Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore
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Tanoue K, Miller Jenkins LM, Durell SR, Debnath S, Sakai H, Tagad HD, Ishida K, Appella E, Mazur SJ. Binding of a third metal ion by the human phosphatases PP2Cα and Wip1 is required for phosphatase activity. Biochemistry 2013; 52:5830-43. [PMID: 23906386 DOI: 10.1021/bi4005649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The PPM phosphatases require millimolar concentrations of Mg²⁺ or Mn²⁺ to activate phosphatase activity in vitro. The human phosphatases PP2Cα (PPM1A) and Wip1 (PPM1D) differ in their physiological function, substrate specificity, and apparent metal affinity. A crystallographic structure of PP2Cα shows only two metal ions in the active site. However, recent structural studies of several bacterial PP2C phosphatases have indicated three metal ions in the active site. Two residues that coordinate the third metal ion are highly conserved, suggesting that human PP2C phosphatases may also bind a third ion. Here, isothermal titration calorimetry analysis of Mg²⁺ binding to PP2Cα distinguished binding of two ions to high affinity sites from the binding of a third ion with a millimolar affinity, similar to the apparent metal affinity required for catalytic activity. Mutational analysis indicated that Asp239 and either Asp146 or Asp243 was required for low-affinity binding of Mg²⁺, but that both Asp146 and Asp239 were required for catalysis. Phosphatase activity assays in the presence of MgCl₂, MnCl₂, or mixtures of the two, demonstrate high phosphatase activity toward a phosphopeptide substrate when Mg²⁺ was bound to the low-affinity site, whether Mg²⁺ or Mn²⁺ ions were bound to the high affinity sites. Mutation of the corresponding putative third metal ion-coordinating residues of Wip1 affected catalytic activity similarly both in vitro and in human cells. These results suggest that phosphatase activity toward phosphopeptide substrates by PP2Cα and Wip1 requires the binding of a Mg²⁺ ion to the low-affinity site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Tanoue
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States
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36
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Dudgeon C, Shreeram S, Tanoue K, Mazur SJ, Sayadi A, Robinson RC, Appella E, Bulavin DV. Genetic variants and mutations of PPM1D control the response to DNA damage. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:2656-64. [PMID: 23907125 DOI: 10.4161/cc.25694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Wip1 phosphatase is an oncogene that is overexpressed in a variety of primary human cancers. We were interested in identifying genetic variants that could change Wip1 activity. We identified 3 missense SNPs of the human Wip1 phosphatase, L120F, P322Q, and I496V confer a dominant-negative phenotype. On the other hand, in primary human cancers, PPM1D mutations commonly result in a gain-of-function phenotype, leading us to identify a hot-spot truncating mutation at position 525. Surprisingly, we also found a significant number of loss-of-function mutations of PPM1D in primary human cancers, both in the phosphatase domain and in the C terminus. Thus, PPM1D has evolved to generate genetic variants with lower activity, potentially providing a better fitness for the organism through suppression of multiple diseases. In cancer, however, the situation is more complex, and the presence of both activating and inhibiting mutations requires further investigation to understand their contribution to tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Crissy Dudgeon
- Department of Pediatrics, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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Lu X, Mazur SJ, Lin T, Appella E, Xu Y. The pluripotency factor nanog promotes breast cancer tumorigenesis and metastasis. Oncogene 2013; 33:2655-64. [PMID: 23770853 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2012] [Revised: 04/05/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Nanog is a transcription factor required for maintaining the pluripotency of embryonic stem cells, and is not expressed in most normal adult tissues. However, recent studies have indicated that Nanog is overexpressed in many types of human cancers, including breast cancer. To elucidate the physiological roles of Nanog in tumorigenesis, we developed an inducible Nanog transgenic mouse model, in which the expression of Nanog in adult tissues can be induced via LoxP/Cre-mediated deletion. Our findings indicate that overexpression of Nanog in the mammary gland is not sufficient to induce mammary tumor. However, when coexpressed with Wnt-1 in the mouse mammary gland, it promotes mammary tumorigenesis and metastasis. In this context, Nanog promotes the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells. Microarray analysis has shown that the ectopic expression of Nanog deregulates the expression of numerous genes associated with tumorigenesis and metastasis, such as the PDGFRα gene. Our findings demonstrate the involvement of Nanog in breast cancer metastasis, and provide the basis for the reported correlation between Nanog expression and poor prognosis of human breast cancer patients. As Nanog is not expressed in most adult tissues, these findings identify Nanog as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of Nanog-expressing metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Lu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - S J Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - T Lin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine and Translational Medicine, Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - E Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Y Xu
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Sakai H, Redon CE, Bonner WM, Appella E, Mazur S. Abstract 4041: Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) prevents cellular senescence at physiological oxygen levels by regulating DNA damage signaling during DNA replication. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-4041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Wip1 (PPM1D) is a nuclear serine/threonine protein phosphatase that is induced by p53 following the activation of DNA damage response (DDR) signaling. Upon repair of damage, Wip1 phosphatase activity dampens stress signaling and facilitates the return to homeostasis, thus, regulating recovery from DDR activation. Wip1 is amplified in several types of human primary cancer and has been shown to promote tumorigenesis by inhibiting several tumor suppressors, including p53, therefore its oncogenic potential is now recognized. Interestingly, while Wip1 knockout (Ppm1d–/–) mice are resistant to tumorigenesis, they exhibit reproductive and immune system defects, increased stress sensitivity and a moderately reduced lifespan. Furthermore, Ppm1d–/– Mouse Embryonic Fibroblasts (MEFs) exhibit premature senescence under conventional culture conditions. Little is known, however, about the mechanism by which the deletion of Ppm1d induces premature senescence. Therefore, we have investigated the role of Wip1 in the regulation of cellular senescence in MEFs. We found that at physiological oxygen tension (3% oxygen), early passage Ppm1d–/– MEFs underwent increased cellular senescence as compared with wild–type (Wt) MEFs, as shown by reduced proliferation rate, increased number of flattened enlarged cells, increased SA–β–Gal positive cells, and reduced BrdU incorporation. Moreover, under 3% oxygen, early passage Ppm1d–/– MEFs exhibited more γ–H2AX positive foci, increased activation of p53 and increased levels of p21 than Wt MEFs. Interestingly, we found that the increased levels of γ–H2AX in Ppm1d–/– MEFs were primarily associated with S–phase cells. Given that S–phase cells are more susceptible to oxidative damage, the increased levels of γ–H2AX may result from increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Ppm1d–/– MEFs. However, primary passage Wt and Ppm1d–/– MEFs cultured under 3% oxygen exhibited no significant difference in intracellular–ROS levels. Ppm1d–/– MEFs did show sustained activation of DDR signaling (γ–H2AX, p–p53Ser15, p21) after H2O2 treatment compared with Wt MEFs. Furthermore, Ppm1d–/– MEFs exhibited increased activation of Chk1, indicating that there is increased replicative stress signaling. These findings suggest that Wip1 prevents the induction of cellular senescence by regulating both oxidative stress– and replicative stress–induced DNA damage signaling during DNA replication.
Citation Format: Hiroyasu Sakai, Christophe E. Redon, William M. Bonner, Ettore Appella, Sharlyn Mazur. Wild-type p53-induced phosphatase 1 (Wip1) prevents cellular senescence at physiological oxygen levels by regulating DNA damage signaling during DNA replication. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4041. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4041
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Zhang P, Ungewitter E, Appella E, Scrable H. Abstract LB-121: Tumor suppressor p53 is involved in a CHAMP-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint pathway. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2013-lb-121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A p53-dependent mouse spindle checkpoint has been reported since 1995. However the underlying mechanism is still unknown. Here, we found that p53 formed complexes with CHAMP and MAD2L2. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that p53, CHAMP and MAD2L2 colocalized at spindle fibres from pro-metaphase to anaphase. CHAMP binds MAD2L2 and antagonizes its inhibition function on APC/C. We discovered that p53 enhanced the inhibition of MAD2L2 by CHAMP. P53 knock-down decreased M-phase index. Exogenous expression of p53 increased M-phase index and extended remarkable length of time in M phase. Notably, the regulation of p53 on M phase index was completely abrogated by either CHAMP or MAD2l2 knock-down, suggesting that the regulation of p53 on spindle assembly checkpoint pathway is dependent on CHAMP and MAD2L2. These results demonstrate that p53 participates in a mitotic checkpoint that ensures the maintenance of genetic fidelity during development.
Citation Format: Piyan Zhang, Erica Ungewitter, Ettore Appella, Heidi Scrable. Tumor suppressor p53 is involved in a CHAMP-dependent spindle assembly checkpoint pathway. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-121. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-LB-121
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erica Ungewitter
- 2National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC
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Panyutin IG, Karamychev VN, Neumann RD, Mazur S, Appella E, Wang D, Zhurkin VB. 64 Hoogsteen or not Hoogsteen? Iodine-125 radioprobing of the p53-induced DNA deformations. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2013.786498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Migliaccio A, Castoria G, de Falco A, Bilancio A, Giovannelli P, Di Donato M, Marino I, Yamaguchi H, Appella E, Auricchio F. Polyproline and Tat transduction peptides in the study of the rapid actions of steroid receptors. Steroids 2012; 77:974-8. [PMID: 22306578 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Revised: 01/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Cellular responses to signals require the action of a myriad of protein networks, which are regulated by protein/protein associations. Rapid actions of steroid hormones are also subject to this regulation. They induce direct association of steroid receptors with different proteins (e.g., growth factor receptors, signaling effectors, scaffold proteins, transcription factors). These multi-molecular complexes drive signaling activation and finally trigger basic hormonal effects. Receptor/protein associations are attracting increased interest concerning their role in hormone action as well as their potential use as therapeutic targets in hormonal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antimo Migliaccio
- Department of General Pathology, II University of Naples, Via L. De Crecchio, 7-80138 Naples, Italy
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Karamychev VN, Wang D, Mazur SJ, Appella E, Neumann RD, Zhurkin VB, Panyutin IG. Radioprobing the conformation of DNA in a p53-DNA complex. Int J Radiat Biol 2012; 88:1039-45. [PMID: 22640875 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2012.698030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The frequency of DNA strand breaks produced by the decay of Auger electron-emitting radionuclides is inversely proportional to the distance of DNA nucleotides from the decay site; and thus is very sensitive to changes in the local conformation of the DNA. Analysis of the frequency of DNA breaks, or radioprobing, gives valuable information about the local DNA structure. More than 10 years ago, we demonstrated the feasibility of radioprobing using a DNA-repressor complex with a known structure. Herein, we used radioprobing to study the conformation of DNA in complex with the tumor suppressor protein 53 (p53). Several structures of p53-DNA complexes have been solved by X-ray crystallography. These structures, obtained with the p53 DNA binding domain, a truncated form, laid the groundwork for understanding p53-DNA interactions and their relation to p53 functions. However, whether all observed stereochemical details are relevant to the native p53-DNA complex remains unclear. A common theme of the crystallographic structures is the lack of significant bending in the central part of the DNA response element. In contrast, gel electrophoresis and electron microscopy data showed strong DNA bending and overtwisting upon binding to the native p53 tetramer. METHODS To analyze DNA in complex with p53, we incorporated (125)I-dCTP in two different positions of synthetic duplexes containing the consensus p53-binding site. RESULTS The most significant changes in the break frequency distributions were detected close to the center of the binding site, which is consistent with an increase in DNA twisting in this region and local DNA bending and sliding. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm the main results of the studies made in solution and lay a foundation for systematic examination of interactions between DNA and native p53 using (125)I radioprobing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeri N Karamychev
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Goloudina AR, Mazur SJ, Appella E, Garrido C, Demidov ON. Wip1 sensitizes p53-negative tumors to apoptosis by regulating the Bax/Bcl-xL ratio. Cell Cycle 2012; 11:1883-7. [PMID: 22544321 DOI: 10.4161/cc.19901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Wip1 is a stress-response phosphatase that negatively regulates several tumor suppressors, including p53. In a sizeable fraction of tumors, overexpression or amplification of Wip1 compromises p53 functions; inhibition of Wip1 activity is an attractive strategy for improving treatment of these tumors. However, over half of human tumors contain mutations in the p53 gene or have lost both alleles. Recently, we observed that in cancer cells lacking wild type p53, reduction of Wip1 expression was ineffective, whereas, surprisingly, overexpression of Wip1 increased anticancer drug sensitivity. The increased sensitivity resulted from activation of the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis through increased levels of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and decreased levels of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-xL. We showed that interaction of Wip1 and the transcription factor RUNX2, specifically through dephosphorylation of RUNX2 phospho-S432, resulted in increased expression of Bax. Interestingly, overexpression of Wip1 increased drug sensitivity only in the p53-negative tumor cells while protecting the wild type p53-containing normal cells from drug-induced collateral injury. Here, we provide evidence that Wip1 overexpression decreases expression of Bcl-xL through negative regulation of NFκB activity. Thus, Wip1 overexpression increases the sensitivity of p53-negative cancer cells to anticancer drugs by separately affecting Bax and Bcl-xL protein levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia R Goloudina
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Unité Mixte de Recherche 866, University of Burgundy; Dijon, France
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Abstract
The p53 tumor suppressor is a critical component of the cellular response to stress. As it can inhibit cell growth, p53 is mutated or functionally inactivated in most tumors. A multitude of protein-protein interactions with transcriptional cofactors are central to p53-dependent responses. In its activated state, p53 is extensively modified in both the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. These modifications, especially phosphorylation of serine and threonine residues in the N-terminal transactivation domain, affect p53 stability and activity by modulating the affinity of protein-protein interactions. Here, we review recent findings from in vitro and in vivo studies on the role of p53 N-terminal phosphorylation. These modifications can either positively or negatively affect p53 and add a second layer of complex regulation to the divergent interactions of the p53 transactivation domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Miller Jenkins
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, 37 Convent Drive, Room 2140, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Abstract
Wip1 (PPM1D) is a stress responsive PP2C phosphatase that plays a key role in stress signaling. Although originally identified as a gene induced by p53 after genotoxic stress, we now know that Wip1 expression is additionally regulated by other mechanisms. Wip1 is not only a target of p53, but is also a target of other transcription factors, including Estrogen Receptor-alpha and NF-kappaB. Additionally, Wip1 expression is regulated by post-transcriptional mechanisms such as mRNA stabilization and alternative splicing. Upon induction, Wip1 dampens the stress response by dephosphorylating and inactivating proteins such as p53, p38 MAPK, and ATM, usually as part of a negative feedback loop. As a result, Wip1 functions to abrogate cell cycle checkpoints and inhibit senescence, apoptosis, DNA repair, and the production of inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Wip1 is overexpressed in several types of human cancers and has oncogenic functions. The regulation of Wip1, the role of Wip1 in stress signaling, and the cooperation of Wip1 with oncogenes in promoting tumorigenesis will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lowe
- Chromosome Stability group, Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The National Institute for Environmental and Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, N.C., United States of America
| | - Hyukjin Cha
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Department of Life Sciences, Sogang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sharlyn J. Mazur
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, M.D., United States of America
| | - Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, CCR, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, M.D., United States of America
| | - Albert J. Fornace
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Ettore Appella
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Hayashi R, Tanoue K, Durell SR, Chatterjee DK, Jenkins LMM, Appella DH, Appella E. Optimization of a cyclic peptide inhibitor of Ser/Thr phosphatase PPM1D (Wip1). Biochemistry 2011; 50:4537-49. [PMID: 21528848 DOI: 10.1021/bi101949t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PPM1D (PP2Cδ or Wip1) was identified as a wild-type p53-induced Ser/Thr phosphatase that accumulates after DNA damage and classified into the PP2C family. It dephosphorylates and inactivates several proteins critical for cellular stress responses, including p38 MAPK, p53, and ATM. Furthermore, PPM1D is amplified and/or overexpressed in a number of human cancers. Thus, inhibition of its activity could constitute an important new strategy for therapeutic intervention to halt the progression of several different cancers. Previously, we reported the development of a cyclic thioether peptide with low micromolar inhibitory activity toward PPM1D. Here, we describe important improvements in the inhibitory activity of this class of cyclic peptides and also present a binding model based upon the results. We found that specific interaction of an aromatic ring at the X1 position and negative charge at the X5 and X6 positions significantly increased the inhibitory activity of the cyclic peptide, with the optimized molecule having a K(i) of 110 nM. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the highest inhibitory activity reported for an inhibitor of PPM1D. We further developed an inhibitor selective for PPM1D over PPM1A with a K(i) of 2.9 μM. Optimization of the cyclic peptide and mutagenesis experiments suggest that a highly basic loop unique to PPM1D is related to substrate specificity. We propose a new model for the catalytic site of PPM1D and inhibition by the cyclic peptides that will be useful both for the subsequent design of PPM1D inhibitors and for identification of new substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Hayashi
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Ohnuma S, Chufan E, Nandigama K, Jenkins LMM, Durell SR, Appella E, Sauna ZE, Ambudkar SV. Inhibition of multidrug resistance-linked P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) function by 5'-fluorosulfonylbenzoyl 5'-adenosine: evidence for an ATP analogue that interacts with both drug-substrate-and nucleotide-binding sites. Biochemistry 2011; 50:3724-35. [PMID: 21452853 DOI: 10.1021/bi200073f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
5'-Fluorosulfonylbenzonyl 5'-adenosine (FSBA) is an ATP analogue that covalently modifies several residues in the nucleotide-binding domains (NBDs) of several ATPases, kinases, and other proteins. P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1) is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter superfamily that utilizes energy from ATP hydrolysis for the efflux of amphipathic anticancer agents from cancer cells. We investigated the interactions of FSBA with P-gp to study the catalytic cycle of ATP hydrolysis. Incubation of P-gp with FSBA inhibited ATP hydrolysis (IC(50 )= 0.21 mM) and the binding of 8-azido[α-(32)P]ATP (IC(50) = 0.68 mM). In addition, (14)C-FSBA cross-links to P-gp, suggesting that FSBA-mediated inhibition of ATP hydrolysis is irreversible due to covalent modification of P-gp. However, when the NBDs were occupied with a saturating concentration of ATP prior to treatment, FSBA stimulated ATP hydrolysis by P-gp. Furthermore, FSBA inhibited the photo-cross-linking of P-gp with [(125)I]iodoarylazidoprazosin (IAAP; IC(50) = 0.17 mM). As IAAP is a transport substrate for P-gp, this suggests that FSBA affects not only the NBDs but also the transport-substrate site in the transmembrane domains. Consistent with these results, FSBA blocked efflux of rhodamine 123 from P-gp-expressing cells. Additionally, mass spectrometric analysis identified FSBA cross-links to residues within or nearby the NBDs but not in the transmembrane domains, and docking of FSBA in a homology model of human P-gp NBDs supports the biochemical studies. Thus, FSBA is an ATP analogue that interacts with both the drug-binding and ATP-binding sites of P-gp, but fluorosulfonyl-mediated cross-linking is observed only at the NBDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinobu Ohnuma
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4256, USA
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Yun SM, Moulaei T, Lim D, Bang JK, Park JE, Shenoy SR, Liu F, Kang YH, Liao C, Soung NK, Lee S, Yoon DY, Lim Y, Lee DH, Otaka A, Appella E, McMahon JB, Nicklaus MC, Burke TR, Yaffe MB, Wlodawer A, Lee KS. Erratum: Structural and functional analyses of minimal phosphopeptides targeting the polo-box domain of polo-like kinase 1. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2011. [DOI: 10.1038/nsmb0411-516b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Fujita K, Horikawa I, Mondal AM, Jenkins LMM, Appella E, Vojtesek B, Bourdon JC, Lane DP, Harris CC. Positive feedback between p53 and TRF2 during telomere-damage signalling and cellular senescence. Nat Cell Biol 2010; 12:1205-12. [PMID: 21057505 DOI: 10.1038/ncb2123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Accepted: 09/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The telomere-capping complex shelterin protects functional telomeres and prevents the initiation of unwanted DNA-damage-response pathways. At the end of cellular replicative lifespan, uncapped telomeres lose this protective mechanism and DNA-damage signalling pathways are triggered that activate p53 and thereby induce replicative senescence. Here, we identify a signalling pathway involving p53, Siah1 (a p53-inducible E3 ubiquitin ligase) and TRF2 (telomere repeat binding factor 2; a component of the shelterin complex). Endogenous Siah1 and TRF2 were upregulated and downregulated, respectively, during replicative senescence with activated p53. Experimental manipulation of p53 expression demonstrated that p53 induces Siah1 and represses TRF2 protein levels. The p53-dependent ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of TRF2 are attributed to the E3 ligase activity of Siah1. Knockdown of Siah1 stabilized TRF2 and delayed the onset of cellular replicative senescence, suggesting a role for Siah1 and TRF2 in p53-regulated senescence. This study reveals that p53, a downstream effector of telomere-initiated damage signalling, also functions upstream of the shelterin complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Fujita
- Laboratory of Human Carcinogenesis, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, 37 Convent Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892-4258, USA
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