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De Luca V, Petreni A, Carginale V, Scaloni A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Effect of amino acids and amines on the activity of the recombinant ι-carbonic anhydrase from the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia territorii. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1000-1006. [PMID: 33980103 PMCID: PMC8128165 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1919891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
We here report a study on the activation of the ι-class bacterial CA from Burkholderia territorii (BteCAι). This protein was recently characterised as a zinc-dependent enzyme that shows a significant catalytic activity (kcat 3.0 × 105 s-1) for the physiological reaction of CO2 hydration to bicarbonate and protons. Some amino acids and amines, among which some proteinogenic derivatives as well as histamine, dopamine and serotonin, showed efficient activating properties towards BteCAι, with activation constants in the range 3.9-13.3 µM. L-Phe, L-Asn, L-Glu, and some pyridyl-alkylamines, showed a weaker activating effect towards BteCAι, with KA values ranging between 18.4 µM and 45.6 µM. Nowadays, no information is available on active site architecture, metal ion coordination and catalytic mechanism of members of the ι-group of CAs, and this study represents another contribution towards a better understanding of this still uncharacterised class of enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Florence, Italy
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Carginale
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Florence, Italy
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Institute for the Animal Production System in the Mediterranean Environment, CNR, Naples, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, CNR, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, Napoli, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Neurofarba, Sezione di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico, Florence, Italy
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Zhang DP, Jing XR, Wu LJ, Fan AW, Nie Y, Xu Y. Highly selective synthesis of D-amino acids via stereoinversion of corresponding counterpart by an in vivo cascade cell factory. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:11. [PMID: 33422055 PMCID: PMC7797136 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND D-Amino acids are increasingly used as building blocks to produce pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. However, establishing a universal biocatalyst for the general synthesis of D-amino acids from cheap and readily available precursors with few by-products is challenging. In this study, we developed an efficient in vivo biocatalysis system for the synthesis of D-amino acids from L-amino acids by the co-expression of membrane-associated L-amino acid deaminase obtained from Proteus mirabilis (LAAD), meso-diaminopimelate dehydrogenases obtained from Symbiobacterium thermophilum (DAPDH), and formate dehydrogenase obtained from Burkholderia stabilis (FDH), in recombinant Escherichia coli. RESULTS To generate the in vivo cascade system, three strategies were evaluated to regulate enzyme expression levels, including single-plasmid co-expression, double-plasmid co-expression, and double-plasmid MBP-fused co-expression. The double-plasmid MBP-fused co-expression strain Escherichia coli pET-21b-MBP-laad/pET-28a-dapdh-fdh, exhibiting high catalytic efficiency, was selected. Under optimal conditions, 75 mg/mL of E. coli pET-21b-MBP-laad/pET-28a-dapdh-fdh whole-cell biocatalyst asymmetrically catalyzed the stereoinversion of 150 mM L-Phe to D-Phe, with quantitative yields of over 99% ee in 24 h, by the addition of 15 mM NADP+ and 300 mM ammonium formate. In addition, the whole-cell biocatalyst was used to successfully stereoinvert a variety of aromatic and aliphatic L-amino acids to their corresponding D-amino acids. CONCLUSIONS The newly constructed in vivo cascade biocatalysis system was effective for the highly selective synthesis of D-amino acids via stereoinversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Ping Zhang
- School of Biotechnology and Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Xiao-Ran Jing
- School of Biotechnology and Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Lun-Jie Wu
- School of Biotechnology and Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - An-Wen Fan
- School of Biotechnology and Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
| | - Yao Nie
- School of Biotechnology and Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China.
- Suqian Industrial Technology Research Institute of Jiangnan University, Suqian, 223814, China.
| | - Yan Xu
- School of Biotechnology and Key laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi, 214122, China
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, 214122, China
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De Luca V, Petreni A, Nocentini A, Scaloni A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Effect of Sulfonamides and Their Structurally Related Derivatives on the Activity of ι-Carbonic Anhydrase from Burkholderia territorii. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020571. [PMID: 33430028 PMCID: PMC7827628 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrases (CAs) are essential metalloenzymes in nature, catalyzing the carbon dioxide reversible hydration into bicarbonate and proton. In humans, breathing and many other critical physiological processes depend on this enzymatic activity. The CA superfamily function and inhibition in pathogenic bacteria has recently been the object of significant advances, being demonstrated to affect microbial survival/virulence. Targeting bacterial CAs may thus be a valid alternative to expand the pharmacological arsenal against the emergence of widespread antibiotic resistance. Here, we report an extensive study on the inhibition profile of the recently discovered ι-CA class present in some bacteria, including Burkholderia territorii, namely BteCAι, using substituted benzene-sulfonamides and clinically licensed sulfonamide-, sulfamate- and sulfamide-type drugs. The BteCAι inhibition profile showed: (i) several benzene-sulfonamides with an inhibition constant lower than 100 nM; (ii) a different behavior with respect to other α, β and γ-CAs; (iii) clinically used drugs having a micromolar affinity. This prototype study contributes to the initial recognition of compounds which efficiently and selectively inhibit a bacterial member of the ι-CA class, for which such a selective inhibition with respect to other protein isoforms present in the host is highly desired and may contribute to the development of novel antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viviana De Luca
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, via Argine 1085, 80147 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Andrea Petreni
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.)
| | - Andrea Scaloni
- Proteomics & Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, ISPAAM, CNR, via Argine 1085, 80147 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Department of Neurofarba, University of Florence, via U. Schiff 6, 50019 Florence, Italy; (A.P.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); +39-081-613-2559 (C.C.)
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Napoli, Italy;
- Correspondence: (C.T.S.); (C.C.); Tel.: +39-055-4573729 (C.T.S.); +39-081-613-2559 (C.C.)
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Shahmohammadi S, Fülöp F, Forró E. Efficient Synthesis of New Fluorinated β-Amino Acid Enantiomers through Lipase-Catalyzed Hydrolysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25245990. [PMID: 33348842 PMCID: PMC7766834 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
An efficient and novel enzymatic method has been developed for the synthesis of β-fluorophenyl-substituted β-amino acid enantiomers through lipase PSIM (Burkholderia cepasia) catalyzed hydrolysis of racemic β-amino carboxylic ester hydrochloride salts 3a–e in iPr2O at 45 °C in the presence of Et3N and H2O. Adequate analytical methods were developed for the enantio-separation of racemic β-amino carboxylic ester hydrochlorides 3a–e and β-amino acids 2a–e. Preparative-scale resolutions furnished unreacted amino esters (R)-4a–e and product amino acids (S)-5a–e with excellent ee values (≥99%) and good chemical yields (>48%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayeh Shahmohammadi
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.S.); (F.F.)
| | - Ferenc Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.S.); (F.F.)
- Stereochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Enikő Forró
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary; (S.S.); (F.F.)
- Stereochemistry Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University of Szeged, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +36-62-544964; Fax: +36-62-545705
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Yasutake Y, Konishi K, Muramatsu S, Yoshida K, Aburatani S, Sakasegawa SI, Tamura T. Bacterial triacylglycerol lipase is a potential cholesterol esterase: Identification of a key determinant for sterol-binding specificity. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 167:578-586. [PMID: 33279561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.11.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterase (Che) from Burkholderia stabilis (BsChe) is a homolog of well-characterized and industrially relevant bacterial triacylglycerol lipases (Lips). BsChe is a rare bacterial Lip enzyme that exhibits practical Che activity and is currently used in clinical applications to determine total serum cholesterol levels. To investigate the sterol specificity of BsChe, we determined the X-ray structure of BsChe. We discovered a local structural change in the active-site cleft, which might be related to substrate binding and product release. We also performed molecular docking studies by using the X-ray models of BsChe and cholesterol linoleate (CLL), the most favorable substrate for BsChe. The results showed that the sterol moieties of reasonable CLL docking poses localized to a specific active-site cleft surface formed by Leu266 and Ile287, which are unconserved among Burkholderia Lip homologs. Site-directed mutagenesis identified these residues as essential for the Che activity of BsChe, and Leu or Ile substitution conferred marked Che activity to Burkholderia Lips. In particular, Burkholderia cepacia and Burkholderia ubonensis Lips with the V266L/L287I double mutation exhibited ~50-fold and 500-fold higher Che activities than those of the wild-type enzymes, respectively. These results provide new insights into the substrate-binding mechanisms and selectivities of bacterial Lips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiaki Yasutake
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kenji Konishi
- Asahi Kasei Pharma Corporation, Shizuoka 410-2321, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
| | | | - Keitaro Yoshida
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
| | - Sachiyo Aburatani
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology Research Institute, AIST, Tokyo 135-0064, Japan
| | | | - Tomohiro Tamura
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo 062-8517, Japan; Computational Bio Big-Data Open Innovation Laboratory (CBBD-OIL), AIST, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Laboratory of Molecular Environmental Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan.
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6
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Del Prete S, Nocentini A, Supuran CT, Capasso C. Bacterial ι-carbonic anhydrase: a new active class of carbonic anhydrase identified in the genome of the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia territorii. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:1060-1068. [PMID: 32314608 PMCID: PMC7191908 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2020.1755852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The carbonic anhydrases (CAs, EC 4.2.1.1) catalyse a simple but physiologically crucial reversible reaction, the carbon dioxide hydration with the production of bicarbonate and protons. In the last years, and especially, to the rapid emergence of the bacterial antibiotic resistance that is occurring worldwide, the understanding of the function of bacterial CAs has increased significantly. Recently, a new CA-class (ι-CA) was discovered in the marine diatom T. pseudonana. It has been reported that bacterial genomes may contain genes with relevant homology to the diatom ι-class CA. Still, the catalytic activity of the enzyme encoded by the gene was not investigated. Thus, herein, for the first time, we cloned, expressed, and purified the recombinant bacterial ι-CA (acronym BteCAι) identified in the genome of Burkholderia territorii. The recombinant BteCAι resulted in a good catalyst for the hydration of CO2 to bicarbonate and protons, with a kcat of 3.0 × 105 s -1 and kcat/KM of 3.9 × 107 M -1 s -1, and is also sensitive to inhibition by the sulphonamide acetazolamide. Furthermore, with the aid of the protonography, it has been demonstrated that BteCAι can be present as a dimer. This result is corroborated by the construction of a molecular model of BteCAι, which showed that the enzyme is formed by two equivalent monomers having a structure similar to a butterfly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Del Prete
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Firenze, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Department of NEUROFARBA, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Sciences, Firenze, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy
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7
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Somprasong N, Hall CM, Webb JR, Sahl JW, Wagner DM, Keim P, Currie BJ, Schweizer HP. Burkholderia ubonensis Meropenem Resistance: Insights into Distinct Properties of Class A β-Lactamases in Burkholderia cepacia Complex and Burkholderia pseudomallei Complex Bacteria. mBio 2020; 11:e00592-20. [PMID: 32291300 PMCID: PMC7157819 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00592-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei, the founding member of the B. pseudomallei complex (Bpc), is a biothreat agent and causes melioidosis, a disease whose treatment mainly relies on ceftazidime and meropenem. The concern is that B. pseudomallei could enhance its drug resistance repertoire by the acquisition of DNA from resistant near-neighbor species. Burkholderia ubonensis, a member of the B. cepacia complex (Bcc), is commonly coisolated from environments where B. pseudomallei is present. Unlike B. pseudomallei, in which significant primary carbapenem resistance is rare, it is not uncommon in B. ubonensis, but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. We established that carbapenem resistance in B. ubonensis is due to an inducible class A PenB β-lactamase, as has been shown for other Bcc bacteria. Inducibility is not sufficient for high-level resistance but also requires other determinants, such as a PenB that is more robust than that present in susceptible isolates, as well as other resistance factors. Curiously and diagnostic for the two complexes, both Bpc and Bcc bacteria contain distinct annotated PenA class A β-lactamases. However, the protein from Bcc bacteria is missing its essential active-site serine and, therefore, is not a β-lactamase. Regulated expression of a transcriptional penB'-lacZ (β-galactosidase) fusion in the B. pseudomallei surrogate B. thailandensis confirms that although Bpc bacteria lack an inducible β-lactamase, they contain the components required for responding to aberrant peptidoglycan synthesis resulting from β-lactam challenge. Understanding the diversity of antimicrobial resistance in Burkholderia species is informative about how the challenges arising from potential resistance transfer between them can be met.IMPORTANCEBurkholderia pseudomallei causes melioidosis, a tropical disease that is highly fatal if not properly treated. Our data show that, in contrast to B. pseudomallei, B. ubonensis β-lactam resistance is fundamentally different because intrinsic resistance is mediated by an inducible class A β-lactamase. This includes resistance to carbapenems. Our work demonstrates that studies with near-neighbor species are informative about the diversity of antimicrobial resistance in Burkholderia and can also provide clues about the potential of resistance transfer between bacteria inhabiting the same environment. Knowledge about potential adverse challenges resulting from the horizontal transfer of resistance genes between members of the two complexes enables the design of effective countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nawarat Somprasong
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carina M Hall
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Jessica R Webb
- Global and Tropical Heath Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Jason W Sahl
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - David M Wagner
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Paul Keim
- The Pathogen and Microbiome Institute, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, Arizona, USA
| | - Bart J Currie
- Global and Tropical Heath Division, Menzies School of Health Research, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
- Northern Territory Medical Program, Royal Darwin Hospital, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - Herbert P Schweizer
- Department of Molecular Genetics & Microbiology, College of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Kanagendran A, Chatterjee P, Liu B, Sa T, Pazouki L, Niinemets Ü. Foliage inoculation by Burkholderia vietnamiensis CBMB40 antagonizes methyl jasmonate-mediated stress in Eucalyptus grandis. J Plant Physiol 2019; 242:153032. [PMID: 31491672 PMCID: PMC6863749 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2019.153032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 08/13/2019] [Accepted: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Methyl jasmonate (MeJA) is widely used as a model chemical to study hypersensitive responses to biotic stress impacts in plants. Elevated levels of methyl jasmonate induce jasmonate-dependent defense responses, associated with a decline in primary metabolism and enhancement of secondary metabolism of plants. However, there is no information of how stress resistance of plants, and accordingly the sensitivity to exogenous MeJA can be decreased by endophytic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) harboring ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase. In this study, we estimated stress alleviating potential of endophytic PGPR against MeJA-induced plant perturbations through assessing photosynthetic traits and stress volatile emissions. We used mild (5 mM) to severe (20 mM) MeJA and endophytic plant growth promoting rhizobacteria Burkholderia vietnamiensis CBMB40 and studied how MeJA and B. vietnamiensis treatments influenced temporal changes in photosynthetic characteristics and stress volatile emissions. Separate application of MeJA markedly decreased photosynthetic characteristics and increased lipoxygenase pathway (LOX) volatiles, volatile isoprenoids, saturated aldehydes, lightweight oxygenated compounds (LOC), geranyl-geranyl diphosphate pathway (GGDP) volatiles, and benzenoids. However, MeJA-treated leaves inoculated by endophytic bacteria B. vietnamiensis had substantially increased photosynthetic characteristics and decreased emissions of LOX, volatile isoprenoids and other stress volatiles compared with non-inoculated MeJA treatments, especially at later stages of recovery. In addition, analysis of leaf terpenoid contents demonstrated that several mono- and sesquiterpenes were de novo synthesized upon MeJA and B. vietnamiensis applications. This study demonstrates that foliar application of endophytic bacteria B. vietnamiensis can potentially enhance resistance to biotic stresses and contribute to the maintenance of the integrity of plant metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arooran Kanagendran
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Faculty of Science, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland.
| | - Poulami Chatterjee
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bin Liu
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia
| | - Tongmin Sa
- Department of Environmental and Biological Chemistry, Chungbuk National University, Chungbuk 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Leila Pazouki
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ülo Niinemets
- Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tartu 51006, Estonia; Estonian Academy of Sciences, Kohtu 6, Tallinn 10130, Estonia
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9
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Lelis T, Peng J, Barphagha I, Chen R, Ham JH. The Virulence Function and Regulation of the Metalloprotease Gene prtA in the Plant-Pathogenic Bacterium Burkholderia glumae. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2019; 32:841-852. [PMID: 30694091 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-11-18-0312-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial panicle blight caused by Burkholderia glumae is a major bacterial disease of rice. Our preliminary RNA-seq study showed that a serine metalloprotease gene, prtA, is regulated in a similar manner to the genes for the biosynthesis and transport of toxoflavin, which is a known major virulence factor of B. glumae. prtA null mutants of the virulent strain B. glumae 336gr-1 did not show a detectable extracellular protease activity, indicating that prtA is the solely responsible gene for the extracellular protease activity detected from this bacterium. In addition, inoculation of rice panicles with the prtA mutants resulted in a significant reduction of disease severity compared with the wild-type parent strain, suggesting the requirement of prtA for the full virulence of B. glumae. A double mutant deficient in both serine metalloprotease and toxoflavin (ΔtoxA/prtA-) exhibited a further numeric but not statistically significant decrease of disease development compared with the ΔtoxA strain. Both the prtA-driven extracellular protease activity and the toxoflavin production were dependent on both the tofI/tofR quorum-sensing and the global regulatory gene qsmR, indicating the important roles of the two global regulatory factors for the bacterial pathogenesis by this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Lelis
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A
| | - Jingyu Peng
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A
| | - Inderjit Barphagha
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A
| | - Ruoxi Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A
| | - Jong Hyun Ham
- Department of Plant Pathology and Crop Physiology, Louisiana State University Agricultural Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, U.S.A
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Alnoch RC, Cardoso RLA, Guizelini D, Balsanelli E, Tadra-Sfeir MZ, de Oliveira Pedrosa F, Sassaki GL, Cruz LM, Mitchell DA, de Souza EM, Krieger N, Muller-Santos M. Genome sequencing of Burkholderia contaminans LTEB11 reveals a lipolytic arsenal of biotechnological interest. Braz J Microbiol 2019; 50:619-624. [PMID: 31001795 PMCID: PMC6863266 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-019-00076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia contaminans LTEB11 is a Gram-negative betaproteobacterium isolated as a contaminant of a culture in mineral medium supplemented with vegetable oil. Here, we report the genome sequence of B. contaminans LTEB11, identifying and analyzing the genes involved in its lipolytic machinery and in the production of other biotechnological products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson Carlos Alnoch
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Luis Alves Cardoso
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Dieval Guizelini
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Balsanelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Michelle Zibetti Tadra-Sfeir
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Fábio de Oliveira Pedrosa
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Lanzi Sassaki
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Leonardo Magalhães Cruz
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - David Alexander Mitchell
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Emanuel Maltempi de Souza
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
| | - Nadia Krieger
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19032 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil.
| | - Marcelo Muller-Santos
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Cx. P. 19046 Centro Politécnico, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-980, Brazil
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11
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Rizzolo K, Cohen SE, Weitz AC, López Muñoz MM, Hendrich MP, Drennan CL, Elliott SJ. A widely distributed diheme enzyme from Burkholderia that displays an atypically stable bis-Fe(IV) state. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1101. [PMID: 30846684 PMCID: PMC6405878 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09020-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial diheme peroxidases represent a diverse enzyme family with functions that range from hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) reduction to post-translational modifications. By implementing a sequence similarity network (SSN) of the bCCP_MauG superfamily, we present the discovery of a unique diheme peroxidase BthA conserved in all Burkholderia. Using a combination of magnetic resonance, near-IR and Mössbauer spectroscopies and electrochemical methods, we report that BthA is capable of generating a bis-Fe(IV) species previously thought to be a unique feature of the diheme enzyme MauG. However, BthA is not MauG-like in that it catalytically converts H2O2 to water, and a 1.54-Å resolution crystal structure reveals striking differences between BthA and other superfamily members, including the essential residues for both bis-Fe(IV) formation and H2O2 turnover. Taken together, we find that BthA represents a previously undiscovered class of diheme enzymes, one that stabilizes a bis-Fe(IV) state and catalyzes H2O2 turnover in a mechanistically distinct manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Rizzolo
- Boston University, Department of Chemistry, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Steven E Cohen
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Andrew C Weitz
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | | | - Michael P Hendrich
- Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Chemistry, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Catherine L Drennan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Biology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - Sean J Elliott
- Boston University, Department of Chemistry, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
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12
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Sarkar A, Pramanik K, Mitra S, Soren T, Maiti TK. Enhancement of growth and salt tolerance of rice seedlings by ACC deaminase-producing Burkholderia sp. MTCC 12259. J Plant Physiol 2018; 231:434-442. [PMID: 30414570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2018.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing soil salinity is often associated with accelerated ethylene production in plants, leading to overall growth reduction. The salt-tolerant 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase-producing PGPR may alleviate salt stress by reducing the production of stress ethylene. In this study, a salt-tolerant ACC deaminase-producing strain named P50 was isolated from a coastal rice field in Odisha, India, which enhanced the growth of rice seedlings under salt stress. The P50 strain was identified as Burkholderia sp. based on phenotypic characteristics, MALDI-TOF MS data for ribosomal proteins and 16S rDNA sequence-based homology. Various PGP traits of strain P50 were characterized, among which the ACC deaminase activity was optimized at different physical conditions and confirmed by enzyme assay, as well as FTIR. The IAA, EPS and proline production of this strain were estimated under increasing NaCl concentrations essential for plant growth promotion under salt stress. Finally, the P50 strain was utilized in a gnotobiotic assay using rice seedlings (cv. Swarnamasuri) under saline stress. Seedlings treated with the P50 strain showed improvement in various morphological and biochemical characteristics, ROS scavenging antioxidant enzymatic activities, and reduced amounts of stress ethylene compared to non-inoculated strains under salinity. In addition, isolation of the ACC deaminase mutant of this strain was not found to reduce stress ethylene, confirming that the P50 strain was associated with a reduction in stress ethylene. Strain P50 was also found to colonize the root surfaces of rice seedlings associated with the plant-microbe interaction process. Thus, as an effective salt-tolerant PGPR, strain P50 can be utilized in salt-affected agricultural fields to improve plant growth in a sustainable manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anumita Sarkar
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India; Department of Botany, Government General Degree College, Singur, Hooghly, 712409, WB, India
| | - Krishnendu Pramanik
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India
| | - Soumik Mitra
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India
| | - Tithi Soren
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India
| | - Tushar Kanti Maiti
- Microbiology Laboratory, UGC Centre for Advanced Study, Department of Botany, Burdwan University, Burdwan, 713104, WB, India.
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13
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Asojo OA, Dranow DM, Serbzhinskiy D, Subramanian S, Staker B, Edwards TE, Myler PJ. Crystal structure of chorismate mutase from Burkholderia thailandensis. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2018; 74:294-299. [PMID: 29717997 PMCID: PMC5931142 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1800506x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia thailandensis is often used as a model for more virulent members of this genus of proteobacteria that are highly antibiotic-resistant and are potential agents of biological warfare that are infective by inhalation. As part of ongoing efforts to identify potential targets for the development of rational therapeutics, the structures of enzymes that are absent in humans, including that of chorismate mutase from B. thailandensis, have been determined by the Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease. The high-resolution structure of chorismate mutase from B. thailandensis was determined in the monoclinic space group P21 with three homodimers per asymmetric unit. The overall structure of each protomer has the prototypical AroQγ topology and shares conserved binding-cavity residues with other chorismate mutases, including those with which it has no appreciable sequence identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oluwatoyin A. Asojo
- National School of Tropical Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Avenue Suite 550, Mail Stop BCM320, Houston, TX 77030-3411, USA
| | - David M. Dranow
- Beryllium Discovery Corporation, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Dmitry Serbzhinskiy
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Sandhya Subramanian
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Avenue North Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Bart Staker
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Avenue North Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Thomas E. Edwards
- Beryllium Discovery Corporation, Bainbridge Island, WA 98110, USA
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Peter J. Myler
- Seattle Structural Genomics Center for Infectious Disease (SSGCID), Seattle, Washington, USA
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, 307 Westlake Avenue North Suite 500, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
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14
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Jung HI, Kim YJ, Lee YJ, Lee HS, Lee JK, Kim SK. Mutation of the cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase gene in Burkholderia lata SK875 attenuates virulence and enhances biofilm formation. J Microbiol 2017; 55:800-808. [PMID: 28956352 DOI: 10.1007/s12275-017-7374-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia sp. is a gram-negative bacterium that commonly exists in the environment, and can cause diseases in plants, animals, and humans. Here, a transposon mutant library of a Burkholderia lata isolate from a pig with swine respiratory disease in Korea was screened for strains showing attenuated virulence in Caenorhabditis elegans. One such mutant was obtained, and the Tn5 insertion junction was mapped to rpfR, a gene encoding a cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase that functions as a receptor. Mutation of rpfR caused a reduction in growth on CPG agar and swimming motility as well as a rough colony morphology on Congo red agar. TLC analysis showed reduced AHL secretion, which was in agreement with the results from plate-based and bioluminescence assays. The mutant strain produced significantly more biofilm detected by crystal violet staining than the parent strain. SEM of the mutant strain clearly showed that the overproduced biofilm contained a filamentous structure. These results suggest that the cyclic di-GMP phosphodiesterase RpfR plays an important role in quorum sensing modulation of the bacterial virulence and biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hae-In Jung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun-Jung Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Soo Lee
- National Veterinary Research and Quarantine Service, Anyang, 14033, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Kee Lee
- Department of Life Science and Genetic Engineering, Paichai University, Daejeon, 35345, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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15
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John-White M, Dumsday GJ, Johanesen P, Lyras D, Drinkwater N, McGowan S. Crystal structure of a β-aminopeptidase from an Australian Burkholderia sp. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:386-392. [PMID: 28695846 PMCID: PMC5505242 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x17007737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 05/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
β-Aminopeptidases are a unique group of enzymes that have the unusual capability to hydrolyze N-terminal β-amino acids from synthetic β-peptides. β-Peptides can form secondary structures mimicking α-peptide-like structures that are resistant to degradation by most known proteases and peptidases. These characteristics of β-peptides give them great potential as peptidomimetics. Here, the X-ray crystal structure of BcA5-BapA, a β-aminopeptidase from a Gram-negative Burkholderia sp. that was isolated from activated sludge from a wastewater-treatment plant in Australia, is reported. The crystal structure of BcA5-BapA was determined to a resolution of 2.0 Å and showed a tetrameric assembly typical of the β-aminopeptidases. Each monomer consists of an α-subunit (residues 1-238) and a β-subunit (residues 239-367). Comparison of the structure of BcA5-BapA with those of other known β-aminopeptidases shows a highly conserved structure and suggests a similar proteolytic mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marietta John-White
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
- Manufacturing, CSIRO, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | | | - Priscilla Johanesen
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Dena Lyras
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Nyssa Drinkwater
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Sheena McGowan
- Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Department of Microbiology, Monash University, Clayton, Melbourne, VIC 3800, Australia
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16
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Busato JG, Zandonadi DB, Mól AR, Souza RS, Aguiar KP, Júnior FBR, Olivares FL. Compost biofortification with diazotrophic and P-solubilizing bacteria improves maturation process and P availability. J Sci Food Agric 2017; 97:949-955. [PMID: 27226244 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorus-containing fertilizers play an important role in tropical agriculture owing to the well documented shortage of plant-available P in soils. Traditional P fertilizer production is based on chemical processing of insoluble rock phosphate (RP), which includes an acid treatment at high temperature. Processing the RP increases fertilizer costs, making it unavailable for undercapitalized and typically family-based farmers. Biotechnological methods have been proposed as an alternative to increase phosphate availability in RP. In this study, Burkholderia silvatlantica and Herbaspirillum seropedicae were co-inoculated into an RP-enriched compost with the aim of determining the effects of this technology on the levels of phosphatase activities and release of plant-available P. RESULTS Inoculation of both microorganisms resulted in higher organic matter decomposition and higher humic acid formation in composting. Herbaspirillum seropedicae was the most promising microorganism for the production of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes. Both microorganisms presented potential to increase the supply of P from poorly soluble sources owing to increased levels of water-soluble P and citric acid P. CONCLUSION Burkholderia silvatlantica and H. seropedicae in RP-enriched compost may represent an important biotechnological tool to reduce the overall time required for composting and increase the supply of P from poorly soluble sources. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jader G Busato
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Caixa Postal 4508, CEP, 70910-970, Brasília/DF, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Zandonadi
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro Nacional de Pesquisa de Hortaliças, Rodovia BR-060, Km 09, Caixa Postal 218, CEP, 70351-970, Brasília/DF, Brazil
| | - Alan R Mól
- Universidade de Brasília - UnB. Instituto de Química, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro - Asa Norte, CEP, 70910-970, Brasília/DF, Brazil
| | - Rafaela S Souza
- Faculdade de Agronomia e Medicina Veterinária, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Caixa Postal 4508, CEP, 70910-970, Brasília/DF, Brazil
| | - Kamilla P Aguiar
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Núcleo de Insumos Biológicos para Agricultura, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil
| | - Fábio B Reis Júnior
- Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Centro de Pesquisa Agropecuária dos Cerrados, Rodovia BR-020, Km 18, Caixa Postal 08223, CEP, 73310-970, Planaltina/DF, Brazil
| | - Fábio L Olivares
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Núcleo de Insumos Biológicos para Agricultura, Av. Alberto Lamego, 2000, CEP, 28013-602, Campos dos Goytacazes/RJ, Brazil
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17
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De Meyer SE, Briscoe L, Martínez-Hidalgo P, Agapakis CM, de-Los Santos PE, Seshadri R, Reeve W, Weinstock G, O'Hara G, Howieson JG, Hirsch AM. Symbiotic Burkholderia Species Show Diverse Arrangements of nif/fix and nod Genes and Lack Typical High-Affinity Cytochrome cbb3 Oxidase Genes. Mol Plant Microbe Interact 2016; 29:609-619. [PMID: 27269511 DOI: 10.1094/mpmi-05-16-0091-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Genome analysis of fourteen mimosoid and four papilionoid beta-rhizobia together with fourteen reference alpha-rhizobia for both nodulation (nod) and nitrogen-fixing (nif/fix) genes has shown phylogenetic congruence between 16S rRNA/MLSA (combined 16S rRNA gene sequencing and multilocus sequence analysis) and nif/fix genes, indicating a free-living diazotrophic ancestry of the beta-rhizobia. However, deeper genomic analysis revealed a complex symbiosis acquisition history in the beta-rhizobia that clearly separates the mimosoid and papilionoid nodulating groups. Mimosoid-nodulating beta-rhizobia have nod genes tightly clustered in the nodBCIJHASU operon, whereas papilionoid-nodulating Burkholderia have nodUSDABC and nodIJ genes, although their arrangement is not canonical because the nod genes are subdivided by the insertion of nif and other genes. Furthermore, the papilionoid Burkholderia spp. contain duplications of several nod and nif genes. The Burkholderia nifHDKEN and fixABC genes are very closely related to those found in free-living diazotrophs. In contrast, nifA is highly divergent between both groups, but the papilionoid species nifA is more similar to alpha-rhizobia nifA than to other groups. Surprisingly, for all Burkholderia, the fixNOQP and fixGHIS genes required for cbb3 cytochrome oxidase production and assembly are missing. In contrast, symbiotic Cupriavidus strains have fixNOQPGHIS genes, revealing a divergence in the evolution of two distinct electron transport chains required for nitrogen fixation within the beta-rhizobia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofie E De Meyer
- 1 Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Leah Briscoe
- 2 Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | | | - Christina M Agapakis
- 2 Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
| | - Paulina Estrada de-Los Santos
- 3 Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Col. Santo Tomás, Del. Miguel Hidalgo, C.P. 11340, México
| | | | - Wayne Reeve
- 1 Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - George Weinstock
- 5 The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT, U.S.A; and
| | - Graham O'Hara
- 1 Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John G Howieson
- 1 Centre for Rhizobium Studies, Murdoch University, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Ann M Hirsch
- 2 Dept. of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
- 6 The Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, U.S.A
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Du Y, Dong W, Jiang J, Chen Q, Feng J, Wu Q, Zhu D. [Expression and characterization of a novel ω-transaminase from Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2016; 32:912-926. [PMID: 29019213 DOI: 10.13345/j.cjb.150456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Production of chiral amines and unnatural amino-acid using ω-transaminase can be achieved by kinetic resolution and asymmetric synthesis, thus ω-transaminase is of great importance in the synthesis of pharmaceutical intermediates. By genomic data mining, a putative ω-transaminase gene hbp was found in Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN. The gene was cloned and over-expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). The recombinant enzyme (HBP) was purified by Ni-NTA column and its catalytic properties and substrate profile were studied. HBP showed high relative activity (33.80 U/mg) and enantioselectivity toward β-phenylalanine (β-Phe). The optimal reaction temperature and pH were 40 ℃ and 8.0-8.5, respectively. We also established a simpler and more effective method to detect the deamination reaction of β-Phe by UV absorption method using microplate reader, and demonstrated the thermodynamic property of this reaction. The substrate profiling showed that HBP was specific to β-Phe and its derivatives as the amino donor. HBP catalyzed the resolution of rac-β-Phe and its derivatives, the products (R)-amino acids were obtained with about 50% conversions and 99% ee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncheng Du
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wenyue Dong
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Jinju Jiang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qijia Chen
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
- College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinhui Feng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Qiaqing Wu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
| | - Dunming Zhu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Industrial Enzymes, Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Tianjin 300308, China
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Fenwick MK, Philmus B, Begley TP, Ealick SE. Burkholderia glumae ToxA Is a Dual-Specificity Methyltransferase That Catalyzes the Last Two Steps of Toxoflavin Biosynthesis. Biochemistry 2016; 55:2748-59. [PMID: 27070241 PMCID: PMC4870115 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.6b00167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Toxoflavin is a major virulence factor of the rice pathogen Burkholderia glumae. The tox operon of B. glumae contains five putative toxoflavin biosynthetic genes toxABCDE. ToxA is a predicted S-adenosylmethionine-dependent methyltransferase, and toxA knockouts of B. glumae are less virulent in plant infection models. In this study, we show that ToxA performs two consecutive methylations to convert the putative azapteridine intermediate, 1,6-didemethyltoxoflavin, to toxoflavin. In addition, we report a series of crystal structures of ToxA complexes that reveals the molecular basis of the dual methyltransferase activity. The results suggest sequential methylations with initial methylation at N6 of 1,6-didemethyltoxoflavin followed by methylation at N1. The two azapteridine orientations that position N6 or N1 for methylation are coplanar with a 140° rotation between them. The structure of ToxA contains a class I methyltransferase fold having an N-terminal extension that either closes over the active site or is largely disordered. The ordered conformation places Tyr7 at a position of a structurally conserved tyrosine site of unknown function in various methyltransferases. Crystal structures of ToxA-Y7F consistently show a closed active site, whereas structures of ToxA-Y7A consistently show an open active site, suggesting that the hydroxyl group of Tyr7 plays a role in opening and closing the active site during the multistep reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael K Fenwick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
| | - Benjamin Philmus
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Tadhg P Begley
- Department of Chemistry, Texas A&M University , College Station, Texas 77843, United States
| | - Steven E Ealick
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell University , Ithaca, New York 14853, United States
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20
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Dourado MN, Franco MR, Peters LP, Martins PF, Souza LA, Piotto FA, Azevedo RA. Antioxidant enzymes activities of Burkholderia spp. strains-oxidative responses to Ni toxicity. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:19922-32. [PMID: 26289332 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5204-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Increased agriculture production associated with intense application of herbicides, pesticides, and fungicides leads to soil contamination worldwide. Nickel (Ni), due to its high mobility in soils and groundwater, constitutes one of the greatest problems in terms of environmental pollution. Metals, including Ni, in high concentrations are toxic to cells by imposing a condition of oxidative stress due to the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage lipids, proteins, and DNA. This study aimed to characterize the Ni antioxidant response of two tolerant Burkholderia strains (one isolated from noncontaminated soil, SNMS32, and the other from contaminated soil, SCMS54), by measuring superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Ni accumulation and bacterial growth in the presence of the metal were also analyzed. The results showed that both strains exhibited different trends of Ni accumulation and distinct antioxidant enzymes responses. The strain from contaminated soil (SCMS54) exhibited a higher Ni biosorption and exhibited an increase in SOD and GST activities after 5 and 12 h of Ni exposure. The analysis of SOD, CAT, and GR by nondenaturing PAGE revealed the appearance of an extra isoenzyme in strain SCMS54 for each enzyme. The results suggest that the strain SCMS54 isolated from contaminated soil present more plasticity with potential to be used in soil and water bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Dourado
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Franco
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L P Peters
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - P F Martins
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - L A Souza
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - F A Piotto
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - R A Azevedo
- Departamento de Genética, Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz", Universidade de São Paulo (USP), 13400-970, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil.
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21
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Liu Y, Qiu L, Huang J, Zhao B, Wang Z, Zhu X, Gao Y, Shu Z. [Screening for mutants with thermostabe lipase A from Burkholderia sp. ZYB002]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2015; 55:748-754. [PMID: 26563000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We improved the thermostability of LipA from Burkholderia cecapia ZYB002 by protein engineering technology to expand the application of lipase LipA. METHOD On the basis of B-factor value of lipase LipA, series of potential mutation hotspots were selected for iterative saturation mutagenesis and the corresponding small mutation gene libraries were then constructed to screen the hyperthermal variants. RESULTS From the above mutation libraries, we obtained a series of mutants whose enzyme half-life at 55 degrees C increased by 1.7 to 2.2-fold. CONCLUSION B-factor iterative test (B-FIT) is feasible to mutate thermostable strains.
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22
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Lin H, Huang J, Shu Z, Liu Y, Wu H, Li X, Jiang X, Ye F, Zheng Z, Lin Y. [Cloning, expression and characterization of a lipase gene, lipC24, from Burkholderia sp. ZYB002]. Wei Sheng Wu Xue Bao 2015; 55:59-66. [PMID: 25958683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We cloned a lipase gene, lipC24, from Burkholderia sp. ZYB002 and characterized the recombinant lipase LipC24. METHOD Based on the known genomic DNA sequence from Burkholderia cecapia JK321, we designed a pair of specific primers for the lipC24 gene and then obtained the full length of lipC24 gene. The lipC24 gene fragment enconding the mature peptide LipC24 was then subcloned into expression plasmid, pACYC-Duet-lipB, and expressed in E. coli. The recombinant protein, LipC24, was purified to homogeneity by HisTrap HP chromatography column and HiTrap DEAE FF chromatography column. RESULTS We expressed the lipC24 gene from Burkholderia sp. ZYB002 in E. coli Origami 2(DE3). Nucleotide sequencing revealed that the lipC24 gene had an open reading frame of 1317 bp, and the deduced amino acid sequence of LipC24 corresponded to 438 amino acid residues, including a conserved -G-X1-S-X2-G- motif. The relative molecular weight of the purified LipC24 was about 45 kDa. The purified LipC24 displayed hydrolysis activity to various 4-nitrophenyl esters and substrate preference for the medium chain length 4-nitrophenyl-esters. The optimal temperature was 40°C and the optimal pH was 7.5. The lipase was stable between pH 7.0 and 8.0 for 24 hours. However, the half-life was only 16 min at 40°C. CONCLUSION The LipC24 was a 45 kDa protein, a mesotherm and neutral lipase.
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23
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Sakulsombat M, Vongvilai P, Ramström O. Efficient asymmetric synthesis of 1-cyano-tetrahydroisoquinolines from lipase dual activity and opposite enantioselectivities in α-Aminonitrile resolution. Chemistry 2014; 20:11322-5. [PMID: 25055970 PMCID: PMC4497319 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201402615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Dual promiscuous racemization/amidation activities of lipases leading to efficient dynamic kinetic resolution protocols of racemic α-aminonitrile compounds are described. α-Amidonitrile products of high enantiomeric purity could be formed in high yields. Several lipases from different sources were shown to exhibit the dual catalytic activities, where opposite enantioselectivities could be recorded for certain substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morakot Sakulsombat
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of ChemistryTeknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden)
| | - Pornrapee Vongvilai
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of ChemistryTeknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden)
- BioNet-Asia Co., Ltd. 19 Soi Udomsuk 37, Sukhumvit 103 road, Bangkok 10260 (Thailand)
| | - Olof Ramström
- KTH Royal Institute of Technology Department of ChemistryTeknikringen 30, 10044 Stockholm (Sweden)
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24
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Mitsui R, Shinya S, Ichiyama Y, Kudo K, Tsuno T, Tanaka M. Site-Specific and Asymmetric Hydrolysis of Prochiral 2-Phenyl-1,3-propanediol Diacetate by a Bacterial Esterase from an Isolated Strain. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 71:1858-64. [PMID: 17690472 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Bacillus cereus 809A and Burkholderia sp. 711C were isolated from soil. These strains demonstrate hydrolysis activity towards prochiral 2-phenyl-1,3-propanediol diacetate and accumulated the corresponding chiral monoacetates into the reaction mixture. When 2-phenyl 1,3-propanediol diacetate was used as a substrate, the produced monoacetates with Burkholderia sp. 711C were obtained in a racemic form but that produced by Bacillus cereus 809A showed an excess of the (S)-form. The resting cell reaction revealed that for Bacillus cereus 809A, there was an enrichment of one of the enantiomers of the monoacetate such that the enantiomeric excess (e.e.) of the (S)-form was over 95%. The purified enzyme from Bacillus cereus 809A hydrolyzed diacetate to monoacetate, and the e.e. value of the (S)-form increased by prolonged reaction in a way similar to the resting cell reaction. From N-terminal amino acids, this esterase is conserved in some strains of Bacillus for which the genomic sequences have been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoji Mitsui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan.
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25
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Yun C, Matsuda H, Kawamukai M. Directed Evolution to Enhance Secretion Efficiency and Thermostability of Chitosanase fromMitsuaria chitosanitabida3001. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 70:559-63. [PMID: 16495682 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.70.559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chitosanase (ChoA) from Mitsuaria chitosanitabida 3001 was successfully evolved with secretion efficiency and thermal stability. The inactive ChoA mutant (G151D) gene was used to mutate by an error-prone PCR technique and mutant genes that restored chitosanase activity were isolated. Two desirable mutants, designated M5S and M7T, were isolated. Two amino acids, Leu74 and Val75, in the signal peptide of ChoA were changed to Gln and Ile respectively in the M7T mutant, in addition to the G151D mutation. The L74Q/V75I double ChoA mutant was 1.5-fold higher in specific activity than wild-type ChoA due to efficient secretion of ChoA. One amino acid Asn222 was changed to Ser in the M5S mutant in addition to the G151D mutation. The N222S single ChoA mutant was 1.2-fold higher in specific activity and showed a 17% increase in thermal stability at 50 degrees C as compared with wild-type ChoA. This is the first study to achieve an evolutional increase in enzyme capability among chitosanses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Choongsoo Yun
- Department of Applied Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Japan
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26
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Tran DT, Lin YJ, Chen CL, Chang JS. Kinetics of transesterification of olive oil with methanol catalyzed by immobilized lipase derived from an isolated Burkholderia sp. strain. Bioresour Technol 2013; 145:193-203. [PMID: 23561954 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.01.146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2012] [Revised: 01/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
This work was carried out to investigate the acyl migration phenomena which has been considered as the factor having significant impact on kinetics of transesterification of oils catalyzed by a Burkholderia lipase with 1,3-regioselectivity. Transesterification of olive oil with methanol catalyzed by the immobilized lipase produces various intermediates, including 1-monoglyceride, 2-monoglyceride, 1,2-diglyceride, and 1,3-diglyceride. Migration kinetics of fatty acid groups from sn-2 of 2-monoglyceride and 1,2-diglyceride to 1-monoglyceride and 1,3-diglyceride were investigated for the temperature range of 25-65°C. The kinetics of transesterification of olive oil with methanol involving acyl migration in the presence of water was also systematically studied at 25, 40, and 65°C. Increasing temperature could increase the acyl migration rate. The overall biodiesel conversion was improved from 73.4% (at 25°C) to 90.0% and 92.4% when conducting at 40 and 65°C, respectively. Thermodynamics aspects of equilibrium state of the immobilized lipase-catalyzed transesterification were also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Thuan Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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27
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Choi O, Lee Y, Han I, Kim H, Goo E, Kim J, Hwang I. A simple and sensitive biosensor strain for detecting toxoflavin using β-galactosidase activity. Biosens Bioelectron 2013; 50:256-61. [PMID: 23871874 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2013.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 06/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we developed a simple and sensitive biosensor for the determination of toxoflavin (which is toxic to various plants, fungi, animals, and bacteria) in natural samples based on β-galactosidase activity. The proposed toxoflavin detection method for toxin-producing bacteria or toxin-contaminated foods is simple and cost effective. Burkholderia glumae, a species known to cause rice grain rot and wilt in various field crops, produces toxoflavin under the control of a LysR-type transcriptional regulator ToxR and its ligand toxoflavin. As the expression of toxoflavin biosynthetic genes requires toxoflavin as a co-activator of ToxR, a novel biosensor stain was constructed based on lacZ reporter gene integration into the first gene of the toxoflavin biosynthesis operon, toxABCDE of B. glumae. The biosensor was composed of a sensor strain (COK71), substrates (X-gal or ONPG), and culture medium, without any complex preparation process. We demonstrated that the biosensor strain is highly specific to toxoflavin, and can quantify relative amounts of toxoflavin compared with known concentrations of toxoflavin. The proposed method was reliable and simple; samples containing 50-500 nM of toxoflavin could be analyzed. More importantly, the proposed biosensor strain could identify toxoflavin-producing bacteria in real samples. The excellent performance of this biosensor is useful for diagnostic purposes, such as detecting toxoflavin-contaminated foods and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Okhee Choi
- Division of Applied Life Science and Institute of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
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Tran DT, Le BH, Lee DJ, Chen CL, Wang HY, Chang JS. Microalgae harvesting and subsequent biodiesel conversion. Bioresour Technol 2013; 140:179-186. [PMID: 23688670 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.04.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 containing 22.7% lipid was harvested by coagulation (using chitosan and polyaluminium chloride (PACl) as the coagulants) and centrifugation. The harvested ESP-31 was directly employed as the oil source for biodiesel production via transesterification catalyzed by immobilized Burkholderia lipase and by a synthesized solid catalyst (SrO/SiO2). Both enzymatic and chemical transesterification were significantly inhibited in the presence of PACl, while the immobilized lipase worked well with wet chitosan-coagulated ESP-31, giving a high biodiesel conversion of 97.6% w/w oil, which is at a level comparable to that of biodiesel conversion from centrifugation-harvested microalgae (97.1% w/w oil). The immobilized lipase can be repeatedly used for three cycles without significant loss of its activity. The solid catalyst SrO/SiO2 worked well with water-removed centrifuged ESP-31 with a biodiesel conversion of 80% w/w oil, but the conversion became lower (55.7-61.4% w/w oil) when using water-removed chitosan-coagulated ESP-31 as the oil source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Thuan Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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29
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Qin HM, Miyakawa T, Jia MZ, Nakamura A, Ohtsuka J, Xue YL, Kawashima T, Kasahara T, Hibi M, Ogawa J, Tanokura M. Crystal structure of a novel N-substituted L-amino acid dioxygenase from Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63996. [PMID: 23724013 PMCID: PMC3665795 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel dioxygenase from Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD (SadA) stereoselectively catalyzes the C3-hydroxylation of N-substituted branched-chain or aromatic L-amino acids, especially N-succinyl-L-leucine, coupled with the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to succinate and CO2. To elucidate the structural basis of the substrate specificity and stereoselective hydroxylation, we determined the crystal structures of the SadA.Zn(II) and SadA.Zn(II).α-KG complexes at 1.77 Å and 1.98 Å resolutions, respectively. SadA adopted a double-stranded β-helix fold at the core of the structure. In addition, an HXD/EXnH motif in the active site coordinated a Zn(II) as a substitute for Fe(II). The α-KG molecule also coordinated Zn(II) in a bidentate manner via its 1-carboxylate and 2-oxo groups. Based on the SadA.Zn(II).α-KG structure and mutation analyses, we constructed substrate-binding models with N-succinyl-L-leucine and N-succinyl-L-phenylalanine, which provided new insight into the substrate specificity. The results will be useful for the rational design of SadA variants aimed at the recognition of various N-succinyl L-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Qin
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Min Ze Jia
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Ohtsuka
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - You-Lin Xue
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawashima
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takuya Kasahara
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Makoto Hibi
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
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30
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Tran DT, Chen CL, Chang JS. Effect of solvents and oil content on direct transesterification of wet oil-bearing microalgal biomass of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 for biodiesel synthesis using immobilized lipase as the biocatalyst. Bioresour Technol 2013; 135:213-221. [PMID: 23131310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.09.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2012] [Revised: 09/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a one-step extraction/transesterification process was developed to directly convert wet oil-bearing microalgal biomass of Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 into biodiesel using immobilized Burkholderia lipase as the catalyst. The microalgal biomass (water content of 86-91%; oil content 14-63%) was pre-treated by sonication to disrupt the cell walls and then directly mixed with methanol and solvent to carry out the enzymatic transesterification. Addition of a sufficient amount of solvent (hexane is most preferable) is required for the direct transesterification of wet microalgal biomass, as a hexane-to-methanol mass ratio of 1.65 was found optimal for the biodiesel conversion. The amount of methanol and hexane required for the direct transesterification process was also found to correlate with the lipid content of the microalga. The biodiesel synthesis process was more efficient and economic when the lipid content of the microalgal biomass was higher. Therefore, using high-lipid-content microalgae as feedstock appears to be desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Thuan Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan
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31
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Chen KC, Ravichandran A, Guerrero A, Deng P, Baird SM, Smith L, Lu SE. The Burkholderia contaminans MS14 ocfC gene encodes a xylosyltransferase for production of the antifungal occidiofungin. Appl Environ Microbiol 2013; 79:2899-905. [PMID: 23435879 PMCID: PMC3623131 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00263-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia contaminans strain MS14 produces the antifungal compound occidiofungin, which is responsible for significant antifungal activities against a broad range of plant and animal fungal pathogens. Occidiofungin is a cyclic glycolipopeptide made up of eight amino acids and one xylose. A 56-kb ocf gene cluster was determined to be essential for occidiofungin production. In this study, the ocfC gene, which is located downstream of ocfD and upstream of the ocfB gene in the ocf gene cluster, was examined. Antifungal activity of the ocfC gene mutant MS14KC1 was reduced against the indicator fungus Geotrichum candidum compared with that of the wild-type strain. Furthermore, the analysis of the protein sequence suggests that the ocfC gene encodes a glycosyltransferase. Biochemical analyses using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectroscopy revealed that the ocfC mutant produced the occidiofungin without the xylose. The purified ocfC mutant MS14KC1 product had a level of bioactivity similar to that of the wild-type product. The revertant MS14KC1-R of the ocfC mutant produced the same antifungal activity level on plate assays and the same antifungal compound based on high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectroscopy analysis as wild-type strain MS14. Collectively, the study demonstrates that the ocfC gene encodes a glycosyltransferase responsible to add a xylose to the occidiofungin molecule and that the presence of the xylose is not important for antifungal activity against Candida species. The finding provides a novel variant for future studies aimed at evaluating its use for inhibiting clinical and agricultural fungi, and the finding could also simplify the chemical synthesis of occidiofungin variants.
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MESH Headings
- Antifungal Agents/chemistry
- Antifungal Agents/isolation & purification
- Antifungal Agents/metabolism
- Bacterial Proteins/genetics
- Bacterial Proteins/metabolism
- Base Sequence
- Burkholderia/chemistry
- Burkholderia/drug effects
- Burkholderia/enzymology
- Burkholderia/genetics
- Candida/drug effects
- Candida/growth & development
- Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
- Cloning, Molecular
- DNA, Bacterial/chemistry
- DNA, Bacterial/genetics
- Genotype
- Geotrichum/drug effects
- Geotrichum/growth & development
- Glycopeptides/chemistry
- Glycopeptides/isolation & purification
- Glycopeptides/metabolism
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
- Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Multigene Family
- Mutagenesis, Insertional
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Pentosyltransferases/genetics
- Pentosyltransferases/metabolism
- Peptides, Cyclic/chemistry
- Peptides, Cyclic/isolation & purification
- Peptides, Cyclic/metabolism
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Xylose/metabolism
- UDP Xylose-Protein Xylosyltransferase
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Chih Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Akshaya Ravichandran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Adam Guerrero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Peng Deng
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Sonya M. Baird
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
| | - Leif Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Shi-En Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Entomology and Plant Pathology, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, Mississippi, USA
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32
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Qin HM, Miyakawa T, Nakamura A, Xue YL, Kawashima T, Kasahara T, Hibi M, Ogawa J, Tanokura M. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a novel N-substituted branched-chain L-amino-acid dioxygenase from Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2012; 68:1067-1069. [PMID: 22949196 PMCID: PMC3433199 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309112031508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferrous ion- and α-ketoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase from Burkholderia ambifaria AMMD (SadA) catalyzes the C3-hydroxylation of N-substituted branched-chain L-amino acids, especially N-succinyl-L-leucine, coupled to the conversion of α-ketoglutarate to succinate and CO(2). SadA was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized using the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method at 293 K. Crystals of selenomethionine-substituted SadA were obtained using a reservoir solution containing PEG 3000 as the precipitant at pH 9.5 and diffracted X-rays to 2.4 Å resolution. The crystal belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2(1), with unit-cell parameters a = 49.3, b = 70.9, c = 148.2 Å. The calculated Matthews coefficient (V(M) = 2.1 Å(3) Da(-1), 41% solvent content) suggested that the crystal contains two molecules per asymmetric unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Min Qin
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takuya Miyakawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Akira Nakamura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - You-Lin Xue
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawashima
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Takuya Kasahara
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Makoto Hibi
- Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Jun Ogawa
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masaru Tanokura
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Pauwels K, Sanchez del Pino MM, Feller G, Van Gelder P. Decoding the folding of Burkholderia glumae lipase: folding intermediates en route to kinetic stability. PLoS One 2012; 7:e36999. [PMID: 22615867 PMCID: PMC3352829 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0036999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipase produced by Burkholderia glumae folds spontaneously into an inactive near-native state and requires a periplasmic chaperone to reach its final active and secretion-competent fold. The B. glumae lipase-specific foldase (Lif) is classified as a member of the steric-chaperone family of which the propeptides of α-lytic protease and subtilisin are the best known representatives. Steric chaperones play a key role in conferring kinetic stability to proteins. However, until present there was no solid experimental evidence that Lif-dependent lipases are kinetically trapped enzymes. By combining thermal denaturation studies with proteolytic resistance experiments and the description of distinct folding intermediates, we demonstrate that the native lipase has a kinetically stable conformation. We show that a newly discovered molten globule-like conformation has distinct properties that clearly differ from those of the near-native intermediate state. The folding fingerprint of Lif-dependent lipases is put in the context of the protease-prodomain system and the comparison reveals clear differences that render the lipase-Lif systems unique. Limited proteolysis unveils structural differences between the near-native intermediate and the native conformation and sets the stage to shed light onto the nature of the kinetic barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kris Pauwels
- Department of Structural Biology, VIB and Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium.
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Tran DT, Yeh KL, Chen CL, Chang JS. Enzymatic transesterification of microalgal oil from Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 for biodiesel synthesis using immobilized Burkholderia lipase. Bioresour Technol 2012; 108:119-27. [PMID: 22265981 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.12.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
An indigenous microalga Chlorella vulgaris ESP-31 grown in an outdoor tubular photobioreactor with CO(2) aeration obtained a high oil content of up to 63.2%. The microalgal oil was then converted to biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification using an immobilized lipase originating from Burkholderia sp. C20. The conversion of the microalgae oil to biodiesel was conducted by transesterification of the extracted microalgal oil (M-I) and by transesterification directly using disrupted microalgal biomass (M-II). The results show that M-II achieved higher biodiesel conversion (97.3 wt% oil) than M-I (72.1 wt% oil). The immobilized lipase worked well when using wet microalgal biomass (up to 71% water content) as the oil substrate. The immobilized lipase also tolerated a high methanol to oil molar ratio (>67.93) when using the M-II approach, and can be repeatedly used for six cycles (or 288 h) without significant loss of its original activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dang-Thuan Tran
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan 701, Taiwan, ROC
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Fayolle-Guichard F, Durand J, Cheucle M, Rosell M, Michelland RJ, Tracol JP, Le Roux F, Grundman G, Atteia O, Richnow HH, Dumestre A, Benoit Y. Study of an aquifer contaminated by ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE): site characterization and on-site bioremediation. J Hazard Mater 2012; 201-202:236-243. [PMID: 22177017 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2011] [Revised: 10/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Ethyl tert-butyl ether (ETBE) was detected at high concentration (300mgL(-1)) in the groundwater below a gas-station. No significant carbon neither hydrogen isotopic fractionation of ETBE was detected along the plume. ETBE and BTEX biodegradation capacities of the indigenous microflora Pz1-ETBE and of a culture (MC-IFP) composed of Rhodococcus wratislaviensis IFP 2016, Rhodococcus aetherivorans IFP 2017 and Aquincola tertiaricarbonis IFP 2003 showed that ETBE and BTEX degradation rates were in the same range (ETBE: 0.91 and 0.83 mg L(-1)h(-1) and BTEX: 0.64 and 0.82 mg L(-1)h(-1), respectively) but tert-butanol (TBA) accumulated transiently at a high level using Pz1-ETBE (74 mg L(-1)). An on-site pilot plant (2m(3)) filled with polluted groundwater and inoculated by MC-IFP, successfully degraded four successive additions of ETBE and gasoline. However, an insignificant ETBE isotopic fractionation was also accompanying this decrease which suggested the involvement of low fractionating-strains using EthB enzymes, but required of additional proofs. The ethB gene encoding a cytochrome P450 involved in ETBE biodegradation (present in R. aetherivorans IFP 2017) was monitored by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) on DNA extracted from water sampled in the pilot plant which yield up to 5×10(6) copies of ethB gene per L(-1).
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Zhang Q, Qu Y, Zhou J, Zhang X, Zhou H, Ma Q, Li X. Optimization of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase expression and its application for biosensor. Bioresour Technol 2011; 102:10553-10560. [PMID: 21924604 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2011] [Revised: 07/14/2011] [Accepted: 08/17/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this study, two statistical experimental designs, Plackett-Burman design (PBD) and response surface methodology (RSM), were employed to enhance the expression of 2,3-dihydroxybiphenyl 1,2-dioxygenase (BphC_LA-4), which was subsequently used for the construction of catechol biosensor. Ten important factors were evaluated by PBD, and four significant parameters were then optimized by RSM. Under the favorable fermentation conditions, the maximal specific activity of BphC_LA-4 was about 0.58U/mg with catechol as substrate. Meanwhile, homology modeling and molecular docking were utilized to help understand the interaction between BphC_LA-4 and catecholic substrates, which illustrated that BphC_LA-4 presented lower binding affinity towards 4-methylcatechol in comparison with 3-methylcatechol and catechol. Interestingly, the BphC_LA-4 enzyme electrode prepared by SiO2 sol-gel showed good response to all these three catecholic compounds. The differences of selectivity to 4-methylcatechol between free and immobilized enzyme implied that the introduction of electro-catalysis might have an effect on the enzyme-catalysis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals and Industrial Ecology and Environmental Engineering, Ministry of Education, School of Environmental Science and Technology, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Méndez V, Agulló L, González M, Seeger M. The homogentisate and homoprotocatechuate central pathways are involved in 3- and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate degradation by Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17583. [PMID: 21423751 PMCID: PMC3053370 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 02/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Genome characterization of the model PCB-degrading bacterium Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 revealed the presence of eleven central pathways for aromatic compounds degradation, among them, the homogentisate and the homoprotocatechuate pathways. However, the functionality of these central pathways in strain LB400 has not been assessed and related peripheral pathways has not been described. Methodology/Principal Findings The aims of this study were to determine the functionality of the homogentisate and homoprotocatechuate central pathways in B. xenovorans LB400 and to establish their role in 3-hydroxyphenylacetate (3-HPA) and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate (4-HPA) catabolism. Strain LB400 was able to grow using 3-HPA and 4-HPA as sole carbon source. A genomic search in LB400 suggested the presence of mhaAB and hpaBC genes clusters encoding proteins of the 3-hydroxyphenylacetate and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate peripheral pathways. LB400 cells grown with 3-HPA and 4-HPA degraded homogentisate and homoprotocatechuate and showed homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase and homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase activities. Transcriptional analyses by RT-PCR showed the expression of two chromosomally-encoded homogentisate dioxygenases (BxeA2725 and BxeA3900) and the hpaD gene encoding the homoprotocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase during 3-HPA and 4-HPA degradation. The proteome analyses by two-dimensional polyacrilamide gel electrophoresis of B. xenovorans LB400 grown in 3-HPA and 4-HPA showed the induction of fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase HmgB (BxeA3899). Conclusions/Significance This study revealed that strain LB400 used both homogentisate and homoprotocatechuate ring-cleavage pathways for 3- hydroxyphenylacetate and 4-hydroxyphenylacetate catabolism and that these four catabolic routes are functional, confirming the metabolic versatility of B. xenovorans LB400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Méndez
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Center for Nanotechnology and Systems Biology, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Loreine Agulló
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Center for Nanotechnology and Systems Biology, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Myriam González
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Center for Nanotechnology and Systems Biology, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Michael Seeger
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Molecular y Biotecnología Ambiental, Departamento de Química and Center for Nanotechnology and Systems Biology, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Valparaíso, Chile
- * E-mail:
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Wu RR, Dang Z, Yi XY, Yang C, Lu GN, Guo CL, Liu CQ. The effects of nutrient amendment on biodegradation and cytochrome P450 activity of an n-alkane degrading strain of Burkholderia sp. GS3C. J Hazard Mater 2011; 186:978-983. [PMID: 21167642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The promotion of hexadecane biodegradation activity by an n-alkane degrading strain of Burkholderia cepacia (GS3C) with yeast extract amendment was studied using various carbon, nitrogen, vitamin, and amino acid amendments. Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase enzymes play a very important role and are especially required to introduce oxygen in n-alkane degradation. These enzymes from GS3C were located and detected using amino acid amendments. It was shown that biodegradation activity was promoted with amino acids amendments. However, only specific amino acids (L-phenylalanine, L-glutamic acid, L-proline, L-lysine, L-valine and L-leucine) have biodegradation promoting ability for GS3C. Cell protein concentration and cytochrome P450 activity were promoted significantly with the addition of L-phenylalanine and yeast extract. Furthermore, a significant positive linear relationship between cytochrome P450 activity and biodegradation efficiency of GS3C was observed. The results indicate that amino acid is the primary factor of nutrient amendment in promoting hexadecane biodegradation by influencing cytochrome P450 activity in GS3C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Ren Wu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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Bains J, Kaufman L, Farnell B, Boulanger MJ. A product analog bound form of 3-oxoadipate-enol-lactonase (PcaD) reveals a multifunctional role for the divergent cap domain. J Mol Biol 2011; 406:649-58. [PMID: 21237173 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2011.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2010] [Revised: 12/24/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Lactones are a class of structurally diverse molecules that serve essential roles in biological processes ranging from quorum sensing to the aerobic catabolism of aromatic compounds. Not surprisingly, enzymes involved in the bioprocessing of lactones are often targeted for protein engineering studies with the potential, for example, of optimized bioremediation of aromatic pollutants. The enol-lactone hydrolase (ELH) represents one such class of targeted enzymes and catalyzes the conversion of 3-oxoadipate-enol-lactone into the linear β-ketoadipate. To define the structural details that govern ELH catalysis and assess the impact of divergent features predicted by sequence analysis, we report the first structural characterization of an ELH (PcaD) from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 in complex with the product analog levulinic acid. The overall dimeric structure of PcaD reveals an α-helical cap domain positioned atop a core α/β-hydrolase domain. Despite the localization of the conserved catalytic triad to the core domain, levulinic acid is bound largely within the region of the active site defined by the cap domain, suggesting a key role for this divergent substructure in mediating product release. Furthermore, the architecture of the cap domain results in an unusually deep active-site pocket with topological features to restrict binding to small or kinked substrates. The evolutionary basis for this substrate selectivity is discussed with respect to the homologous dienelactone hydrolase. Overall, the PcaD costructure provides a detailed insight into the intimate role of the cap domain in influencing all aspects of substrate binding, turnover, and product release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Bains
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada
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Chauhan A, Islam Z, Jain RK, Karthikeyan S. Expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of maleylacetate reductase from Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2009; 65:1313-1316. [PMID: 20054138 PMCID: PMC2802890 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309109047319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2009] [Accepted: 11/09/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Maleylacetate reductase (EC 1.3.1.32) is an important enzyme that is involved in the degradation pathway of aromatic compounds and catalyzes the reduction of maleylacetate to 3-oxoadipate. The gene pnpD encoding maleylacetate reductase in Burkholderia sp. strain SJ98 was cloned, expressed in Escherichia coli and purified by affinity chromatography. The enzyme was crystallized in both native and SeMet-derivative forms by the sitting-drop vapour-diffusion method using PEG 3350 as a precipitant at 293 K. The crystals belonged to space group P2(1)2(1)2, with unit-cell parameters a = 72.91, b = 85.94, c = 53.07 A. X-ray diffraction data for the native and SeMet-derivative crystal were collected to 2.7 and 2.9 A resolution, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Chauhan
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160 036, India
| | - Zeyaul Islam
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160 036, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Jain
- Institute of Microbial Technology (CSIR), Sector 39-A, Chandigarh 160 036, India
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Onofre-Lemus J, Hernández-Lucas I, Girard L, Caballero-Mellado J. ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase activity, a widespread trait in Burkholderia species, and its growth-promoting effect on tomato plants. Appl Environ Microbiol 2009; 75:6581-90. [PMID: 19700546 PMCID: PMC2765135 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01240-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/13/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Burkholderia includes pathogens of plants and animals and some human opportunistic pathogens, such as the Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc), but most species are nonpathogenic, plant associated, and rhizospheric or endophytic. Since rhizobacteria expressing ACC (1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate) deaminase may enhance plant growth by lowering plant ethylene levels, in this work we investigated the presence of ACC deaminase activity and the acdS gene in 45 strains, most of which are plant associated, representing 20 well-known Burkholderia species. The results demonstrated that ACC deaminase activity is a widespread feature in the genus Burkholderia, since 18 species exhibited ACC deaminase activities in the range from 2 to 15 mumol of alpha-ketobutyrate/h/mg protein, which suggests that these species may be able to modulate ethylene levels and enhance plant growth. In these 18 Burkholderia species the acdS gene sequences were highly conserved (76 to 99% identity). Phylogenetic analysis of acdS gene sequences in Burkholderia showed tight clustering of the Bcc species, which were clearly distinct from diazotrophic plant-associated Burkholderia species. In addition, an acdS knockout mutant of the N(2)-fixing bacterium Burkholderia unamae MTl-641(T) and a transcriptional acdSp-gusA fusion constructed in this strain showed that ACC deaminase could play an important role in promotion of the growth of tomato plants. The widespread ACC deaminase activity in Burkholderia species and the common association of these species with plants suggest that this genus could be a major contributor to plant growth under natural conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janette Onofre-Lemus
- Centro de Ciencias Genómicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ap. Postal 565-A, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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Dandavate V, Jinjala J, Keharia H, Madamwar D. Production, partial purification and characterization of organic solvent tolerant lipase from Burkholderia multivorans V2 and its application for ester synthesis. Bioresour Technol 2009; 100:3374-3381. [PMID: 19285387 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2008] [Revised: 02/03/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia multivorans V2 (BMV2) isolated from soil was found to produce an extracellular solvent tolerant lipase (6.477 U/mL). This lipase exhibited maximum stability in n-hexane retaining about 97.8% activity for 24h. After performing statistical optimization of medium components for lipase production, a 2.2-fold (14 U/mL) enhancement in the lipase production was observed. The crude lipase from BMV2 was partially purified by ultrafiltration and gel permeation chromatography with 24.64-fold purification. The K(m) and V(max) values for partially purified BMV2 lipase were found to be 1.56 mM and 5.62 micromoles/mg min. The metal ions Ca(2+), Mg(2+) and Mn(2+) had stimulatory effect on lipase activity, whereas Cu(2+), Fe(2+) and Zn(2+) strongly inhibited the lipase activity. EDTA and PMSF at 10mM concentration strongly inhibited the lipase activity. Non-ionic and anionic surfactants stimulated the lipase activity. BMV2 lipase was proved to be efficient in synthesis of ethyl butyrate ester under non-aqueous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vrushali Dandavate
- BRD School of Biosciences, Sardar Patel Maidan, Sardar Patel University, Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.
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Bains J, Boulanger MJ. Purification, crystallization and X-ray diffraction analysis of a novel ring-cleaving enzyme (BoxC(C)) from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2008; 64:422-424. [PMID: 18453716 PMCID: PMC2376408 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309108010919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2008] [Accepted: 04/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The assimilation of aromatic compounds by microbial species requires specialized enzymes to cleave the thermodynamically stable ring. In the recently discovered benzoate-oxidation (box) pathway in Burkholderia xenovorans LB400, this is accomplished by a novel dihydrodiol lyase (BoxC(C)). Sequence analysis suggests that BoxC(C) is part of the crotonase superfamily but includes an additional uncharacterized region of approximately 115 residues that is predicted to mediate ring cleavage. Processing of X-ray diffraction data to 1.5 A resolution revealed that BoxC(C) crystallized with two molecules in the asymmetric unit of the P2(1)2(1)2(1) space group, with a solvent content of 47% and a Matthews coefficient of 2.32 A(3) Da(-1). Selenomethionine BoxC(C) has been purified and crystals are currently being refined for anomalous dispersion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Bains
- Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada
| | - Martin J. Boulanger
- Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, V8W 3P6, Canada
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Liu CH, Chang JS. Lipolytic activity of suspended and membrane immobilized lipase originating from indigenous Burkholderia sp. C20. Bioresour Technol 2008; 99:1616-22. [PMID: 17543520 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2007] [Revised: 04/04/2007] [Accepted: 04/05/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a simple, inexpensive, and efficient method of preparing immobilized lipase is presented. The lipase originating from a newly isolated indigenous strain Burkholderia sp. C20 was immobilized onto cellulose nitrate (CN) membrane via filtration. The CN-immobilized lipase was able to retain 60% of its original activity after repeated uses for nine times. The thermal stability of the lipase was also slightly improved after immobilization. The optimal reaction conditions of CN-lipase were pH 9.0 and 55 degrees C, which are similar to those for the suspended lipase. Both suspended and immobilized lipase could hydrolyze the six oil substrates examined, while immobilized lipase displayed less specificity over the oil substrates. Kinetic analysis shows that the dependence of lipolytic activity of both suspended and immobilized lipase on oil substrate concentration can be described by Michaelis-Menten model with good agreement. The estimated kinetic constants for suspended lipase (v(max)=243.9 U/mg, K(m)=0.024 mM) and immobilized lipase (v(max)=32.8 U/mg, K(m)=5.61 mM) were quite different. Employment of immobilization seemed to result in a decrease in v(max) and an increase in K(m), most likely due to the mass transfer resistance arising from formation of micelles during the lipase immobilization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Hung Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Kim T, Ahn JH, Choi MK, Weon HY, Kim MS, Seong CN, Song HG, Ka JO. Cloning and expression of a parathion hydrolase gene from a soil bacterium, Burkholderia sp. JBA3. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 17:1890-1893. [PMID: 18092477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A bacterium, Burkholderia sp. JBA3, which can mineralize the pesticide parathion, was isolated from an agricultural soil. The strain JBA3 hydrolyzed parathion to p-nitrophenol, which was further utilized as the carbon and energy sources. The parathion hydrolase was encoded by a gene on a plasmid that strain JBA3 harbored, and it was cloned into pUC19 as a 3.7-kbp Sau3AI fragment. The ORF2 (ophB) in the cloned fragment encoded the parathion hydrolase composed of 526 amino acids, which was expressed in E. coli DH10B. The ophB gene showed no significant sequence similarity to most of other reported parathion hydrolase genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taesung Kim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea
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Park DS, Oh HW, Heo SY, Jeong WJ, Shin DH, Bae KS, Park HY. Characterization of an extracellular lipase in Burkholderia sp. HY-10 isolated from a longicorn beetle. J Microbiol 2007; 45:409-417. [PMID: 17978800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Burkholderia sp. HY-10 isolated from the digestive tracts of the longicorn beetle, Prionus insularis, produced an extracellular lipase with a molecular weight of 33.5 kDa estimated by SDS-PAGE. The lipase was purified from the culture supernatant to near electrophoretic homogenity by a one-step adsorption-desorption procedure using a polypropylene matrix followed by a concentration step. The purified lipase exhibited highest activities at pH 8.5 and 60 degrees . A broad range of lipase substrates, from C4 to C18 rho-nitrophenyl esters, were hydrolyzed efficiently by the lipase. The most efficient substrate was rho-nitrophenyl caproate (C6). A 2485 bp DNA fragment was isolated by PCR amplification and chromosomal walking which encoded two polypeptides of 364 and 346 amino acids, identified as a lipase and a lipase foldase, respectively. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified lipase and nucleotide sequence analysis predicted that the precursor lipase was proteolytically modified through the secretion step and produced a catalytically active 33.5 kDa protein. The deduced amino acid sequence for the lipase shared extensive similarity with those of the lipase family I.2 of lipases from other bacteria. The deduced amino acid sequence contained two Cystein residues forming a disulfide bond in the molecule and three, well-conserved amino acid residues, Ser131, His330, and Asp308, which composed the catalytic triad of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doo-Sang Park
- Biological Resource Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Bains J, Boulanger MJ. Biochemical and structural characterization of the paralogous benzoate CoA ligases from Burkholderia xenovorans LB400: defining the entry point into the novel benzoate oxidation (box) pathway. J Mol Biol 2007; 373:965-77. [PMID: 17884091 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2007.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Xenobiotic aromatic compounds represent one of the most significant classes of environmental pollutants. A novel benzoate oxidation (box) pathway has been identified recently in Burkholderia xenovorans LB400 (referred to simply as LB400) that is capable of assimilating benzoate and intimately tied to the degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The box pathway in LB400 is present in two paralogous copies (boxM and boxC) and encodes eight enzymes with the first committed step catalyzed by benzoate CoA ligase (BCL). As a first step towards delineating the biochemical role of the box pathway in LB400, we have carried out functional studies of the paralogous BCL enzymes (BCLM and BCLC) with 20 different putative substrates. We have established a structural rationale for the observed substrate specificities on the basis of a 1.84 A crystal structure of BCLM in complex with benzoate. These data show that, while BCLM and BCLC display similar overall substrate specificities, BCLM is significantly more active towards benzoate and 2-aminobenzoate with tighter binding (Km) and a faster reaction rate (Vmax). Despite these clear functional differences, the residues that define the substrate-binding site in BCLM are completely conserved in BCLC, suggesting that second shell residues may play a significant role in substrate recognition and catalysis. Furthermore, comparison of the active site of BCLM with the recently solved structures of 4-chlorobenzoate CoA ligase and 2, 3-dihydroxybenzoate CoA ligase offers additional insight into the molecular features that mediate substrate binding in adenylate-forming enzymes. This study provides the first biochemical characterization of a Box enzyme from LB400 and the first structural characterization of a Box enzyme from any organism, and further substantiates the concept of distinct roles for the two paralogous box pathways in LB400.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasleen Bains
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Victoria, PO Box 3055 STN CSC, Victoria, BC, Canada V8W 3P6
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Rashamuse KJ, Burton SG, Stafford WHL, Cowan DA. Molecular Characterization of a Novel Family VIII Esterase from Burkholderia multivorans UWC10. J Mol Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 13:181-8. [PMID: 17693726 DOI: 10.1159/000103610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An esterase producing Burkholderia multivorans UWC10 strain was isolated by culture enrichment. A shotgun library of B. multivorans UWC10 genomic DNA was screened for esterase activity and a recombinant clone conferring an esterolytic phenotype was identified. Full-length sequencing of the DNA insert showed that it consisted of a single open reading frame (ORF1) encoding a predicted protein of 398 amino acids. ORF1 (termed EstBL) had a high protein sequence identity to family VIII esterases. The EstBL primary structure showed two putative serine motifs, G-V-S(149)-D-G and S(74)-V-T-K. The estBL gene was successfully over-expressed in E. coli and the encoded protein purified by a combination of ammonium sulphate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, ion exchange and size exclusion chromatographies. Biochemical assays confirmed EstBL esterase activity and revealed a preference for short-chain p-nitrophenyl and beta-naphthyl esters (C2-C4) with no activity against beta-lactam substrates. Secondary structure predictions indicated that EstBL adopts the alpha/beta fold, which is common to all esterases.
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Devescovi G, Bigirimana J, Degrassi G, Cabrio L, LiPuma JJ, Kim J, Hwang I, Venturi V. Involvement of a quorum-sensing-regulated lipase secreted by a clinical isolate of Burkholderia glumae in severe disease symptoms in rice. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:4950-8. [PMID: 17557855 PMCID: PMC1951028 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00105-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2007] [Accepted: 05/30/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia glumae is an emerging rice pathogen in several areas around the world. Closely related Burkholderia species are important opportunistic human pathogens for specific groups of patients, such as patients with cystic fibrosis and patients with chronic granulomatous disease. Here we report that the first clinical isolate of B. glumae, strain AU6208, has retained its capability to be very pathogenic to rice. As previously reported for rice isolate B. glumae BGR1 (and also for the clinical isolate AU6208), TofI or TofR acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) quorum sensing played a pivotal role in rice virulence. We report that AHL quorum sensing in B. glumae AU6208 regulates secreted LipA lipase and toxoflavin, the phytotoxin produced by B. glumae. B. glumae AU6208 lipA mutants were no longer pathogenic to rice, indicating that the lipase is an important virulence factor. It was also established that type strain B. glumae ATCC 33617 did not produce toxoflavin and lipase and was nonpathogenic to rice. It was determined that in strain ATCC 33617 the LuxR family quorum-sensing sensor/regulator TofR was inactive. Introducing the tofR gene of B. glumae AU6208 in strain ATCC 33617 restored its ability to produce toxoflavin and the LipA lipase. This study extends the role of AHL quorum sensing in rice pathogenicity through the regulation of a lipase which was demonstrated to be a virulence factor. It is the first report of a clinical B. glumae isolate retaining strong rice pathogenicity and finally determined that B. glumae can undergo phenotypic conversion through a spontaneous mutation in the tofR regulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Devescovi
- Bacteriology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Padriciano 99, Trieste, Italy
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Shaharoona B, Jamro GM, Zahir ZA, Arshad M, Memon KS. Effectiveness of various Pseudomonas spp. and Burkholderia caryophylli containing ACC-deaminase for improving growth and yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). J Microbiol Biotechnol 2007; 17:1300-1307. [PMID: 18051598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This study assessed the possible role of different traits in selected plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) for improving wheat growth and yield under natural conditions. Rhizobacteria exhibiting 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC)-deaminase activity were isolated and screened for their growth-promoting activity in wheat under axenic conditions. Five isolates belonging to Pseudomonas and one Burkholderia caryophylli isolate that showed promising performances under axenic conditions were selected and characterized for in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, P solubilization, and root colonization. These isolates were then used as inocula for wheat cultivated under natural conditions in pot and/or field trials. Significant increases in root elongation, root weight, tillers per pot, 1,000-grain weight, and grain and straw yields were observed in response to inoculation with PGPR in the pot trials. Inoculation with these PGPR was also effective under field conditions and increased the wheat growth and yield significantly. However, the efficacy of the strains was inconsistent under the axenic, pot, and field conditions. Pseudomonasfluorescens (ACC50), which exhibited a relatively high in vitro ACC-deaminase activity, chitinase activity, auxin production, and P solubilization and more intensive root colonization, was the most efficient isolate under the field conditions. Therefore, these results demonstrated that ACC-deaminase activity is an efficient parameter for the selection of promising PGPR under axenic conditions. However, additional traits of PGPR, including auxin production, chitinase activity, P solubilization, and root colonization, are also important for selecting PGPR as biofertilizers.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Shaharoona
- Institute of Soil & Environmental Sciences, University ofAgriculture, Faisalabad-38040, Pakistan
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