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Urugo MM, Teka TA, Lema TB, Lusweti JN, Djedjibegovíc J, Lachat C, Tesfamariam K, Mesfin A, Astatkie T, Abdel-Wahhab MA. Dietary aflatoxins exposure, environmental enteropathy, and their relation with childhood stunting. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2024; 75:241-254. [PMID: 38404064 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2024.2314676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Childhood stunting is a global phenomenon affecting more than 149 million children under the age of 5 worldwide. Exposure to aflatoxins (AFs) in utero, during breastfeeding, and consumption of contaminated food affect the gut microbiome, resulting in intestinal dysfunction and potentially contributing to stunting. This review explores the potential relationship between AF exposure, environmental enteropathy and childhood stunting. AFs bind to DNA, disrupt protein synthesis and elicit environmental enteropathy (EE). An EE alters the structure of intestinal epithelial cells, impairs nutrient uptake and leads to malabsorption. This article proposes possible intervention strategies for researchers and policymakers to reduce AF exposure, EE and childhood stunting, such as exposure reduction, the implementation of good agricultural practices, dietary diversification and improving environmental water sanitation and hygiene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markos Makiso Urugo
- Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, College of Agricultural Sciences, Wachemo University, Hosaina, Ethiopia
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tilahun A Teka
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew Lema
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Public Health, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | | | | | - Carl Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kokeb Tesfamariam
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Ambo University, Ambo, Ethiopia
| | - Addisalem Mesfin
- Center of Excellence in Mycotoxicology and Public Health, MYTOX-SOUTH, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Mosaad A Abdel-Wahhab
- Food Toxicology & Contaminants Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt
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Wang Z, Ye W, Wu Y, Lin X, Luan C, Xie X, Peng Y, Sun X, Shi C, Lv Y, Shen J, Astatkie T, He QS, Li Z, Yang J. Protein extraction from chlorella pyrenoidosa microalgae: Green methodologies, functional assessment, and waste stream valorization for bioenergy production. Bioresour Technol 2024; 397:130508. [PMID: 38431057 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
C. pyrenoidosa, a species of microalgae, has been recognized as a viable protein source for human consumption. The primary challenges in this context are the development of an efficient extraction process and the valorization of the resultant waste streams. This study, situated within the paradigm of circular economy, presents an innovative extraction approach that achieved a protein extraction efficiency of 62 %. The extracted protein exhibited remarkable oil-water emulsifying performances, such as uniform morphology with high creaming stability, suggesting a sustainable alternative to conventional emulsifiers. Additionally, hydrothermal liquefaction technique was employed for converting the residual biomass and waste solution from the extraction process into biocrude. A biocrude yield exceeding 40 wt%, characterized by a carbon content of 73 % and a higher heating value of 36 MJ/kg, were obtained. These findings demonstrate the promising potential of microalgae biorefinery, which is significant for paving toward circular economy and zero-waste society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijing Wang
- Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Campus, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Wangfang Ye
- Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yijing Wu
- Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Lin
- Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China; Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Campus, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Cuirong Luan
- Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaowei Xie
- Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yue Peng
- Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Sun
- Department of Plant, Food, and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agricultural Campus, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Chuangyang Shi
- Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, NY, United States
| | - Yuancai Lv
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianlin Shen
- College of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Putian University, Putian, China
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Campus, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Quan Sophia He
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Campus, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Zhiyu Li
- Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Jie Yang
- Institute of Oceanography, Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China; Fujian Key Laboratory on Conservation and Sustainable Utilization of Marine Biodiversity, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China.
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Semerdjieva I, Zheljazkov VD, Dincheva I, Radoukova T, Astatkie T, Maneva V, Atanasova D, Fidan H, Stankov S, Stoyanova A. Chemical profile of Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb. essential oil within and between populations and its weed seed suppression effect. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294126. [PMID: 38330006 PMCID: PMC10852245 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The aims of this study were to (1) establish the intrapopulation and seasonal variation of Juniperus excelsа essential oil (EO); (2) compare the J. excelsa concrete and resinoid composition with its EO composition; and (3) investigate the potential herbicidal activity of J. excelsa EO against seeds of Papaver rhoeas L., Consolida orientalis (J.Gay) Schrödinger, Anthemis arvensis L., Avena fatua L., and Agrostemma githago L. Four independent studies were performed to meet these objectives. Twenty-eight individual trees were analyzed from two populations to establish intrapopulation and interpopulation variability of EOs yield and composition. In the seasonal dynamic study of leaf EO, samples from the same three trees and in the same population were collected in January, March, May, July, October, and December and their EO yield and composition determined. The EOs (intrapopulation and seasonal) were extracted by hydrodistillation, while the EO for the herbicidal test was obtained by steam distillation in a semi-commercial (SCom) apparatus. Overall, the EO yield varied significantly from 0.93% to 2.57%. α-Pinene (8.85-35.94%), limonene (11.81-50.08%), and cedrol (3.41-34.29%) were the predominant EO compounds in all samples (intrapopulation variability); however, trans-2,4-decadienol and β-caryophyllene were predominant in some individual trees. Four chemical groups were identified in the samples collected from two natural populations (intrapopulation). This is the first report on the compositions of J. excelsa concrete and resinoid. Cedrol (15.39%), 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-coumarin (17.63%), 1-octacosanol (36.85%), tritriacontane (16.08%), and tiacontanoic acid were the main compounds in the concrete and resinoid. Juniperus excelsa EO suppressed seed germination and seedling growth of P. rhoeas, C. orientalis, A. arvensis, A. fatua, and A. githago, demonstrating its potential to be used for the development of new biopesticides. The highest EO yield with high content of limonene and cedrol was obtained from samples harvested during the winter months (December, January, and March).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Tzenka Radoukova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Canada
| | - Vasilina Maneva
- Plant Protection and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture, Karnobat, Agricultural Academy, Karnobat, Bulgaria
| | - Dina Atanasova
- Plant Protection and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture, Karnobat, Agricultural Academy, Karnobat, Bulgaria
| | - Hafize Fidan
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Stanko Stankov
- Department of Tourism and Culinary Management, Faculty of Economics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Technology of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, University of Food Technologies, Maritza, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Semerdjieva I, Cantrell CL, Zheljazkov VD, Radoukova T, Koleva-Valkova LH, Astatkie T, Kačániová M, Borisova D. Chemical profile, antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of Pinus heldreichii Christ. Distributed in Bulgaria. Heliyon 2024; 10:e22967. [PMID: 38187304 PMCID: PMC10770424 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pinus heldreichii Christ. (Bosnian pine), a Tertiary relict and Balkan sub-endemic, has not been comprehensively studied for its essential oil (EO) profile and bioactivity of its different plant parts. This study aimed to determine the EO yield, composition and antimicrobial activity from different parts of P. heldreichii at three different populations (mountains) in Bulgaria. Furthermore, the study assessed the antioxidant activities of plant tissue, including leaves (needles), twigs wood, male and female cones. The EOs yield from different plant parts ranged from 0.09 % (leaves) to 0.74 % (wood of twigs), with monoterpenes being the predominant class. Limonene, α-pinene, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, β-pinene, and β-myrcene were detected in the EO extracted from all analyzed trees. However, these compounds were not found in the EO extracted from all plant parts of the same trees. Four chemical groups (chemotypes) were identified for EO from twigs, and three chemotypes were identified for EO from leaves. The chemotypes were based on the percent ratio of the main EO constituents (>5 %). Leaves tissue showed the highest values in terms of polyphenols and flavonoids, as well as higher ABTS radical scavenging activity, while the highest antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus was seen in the EOs obtained from twigs. This is the first study to identify several chemotypes based on leaf and twigs EO of P. heldreichii distributed in Bulgarian flora. Furthermore, the EO of twigs tips (TT), male cones (MC), and wood of one-two-year-old twigs (WT) of the same trees were reported for the first time. The total polyphenol, flavonoid content, and radical scavenging activity of tissues of annual twigs wood and biennial twigs wood, leaf tissue, MC tissue, and the twigs tips tissue is also reported for the first time in the accessible literature. These findings highlight the potential of P. heldreichii to provide EOs with varying compositions and bioactivities, making them suitable for nutraceutical, pharmacological, and potentially food additive applications. Furthermore, the identification of chemotype accessions in this study suggests their selection for the development of new forest crop as a source for natural products with desirable composition and bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, United States Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS), University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Tzenka Radoukova
- Department of Botany and Biological Education, University of Plovdiv Paisii Hilendarski, 24 Tzar Asen, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka H. Koleva-Valkova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
- School of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Economics and Human Sciences in Warsaw, Okopowa 59, 01 043 Warszawa, Poland
| | - Daniela Borisova
- Administration of Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park, Executive Forest Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Food, 3000 Vratsa, Bulgaria
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Laelago Ersedo T, Teka TA, Fikreyesus Forsido S, Dessalegn E, Adebo JA, Tamiru M, Astatkie T. Food flavor enhancement, preservation, and bio-functionality of ginger ( Zingiber officinale): a review. International Journal of Food Properties 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2023.2194576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
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Sepehri S, Abdoli S, Asgari Lajayer B, Astatkie T, Price GW. Changes in phytochemical properties and water use efficiency of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) using superabsorbent polymer under drought stress. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21989. [PMID: 38081886 PMCID: PMC10713560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49452-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Water consumption management and the application of advanced techniques in the agricultural sector can significantly contribute to the efficient utilization of limited water resources. This can be achieved by improving soil texture, increasing water retention, reducing erosion, and enhancing seedling germination through the use of superabsorbent polymers. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Aquasource superabsorbent (AS) on the morphological characteristics, phytochemical properties, antioxidant content, and water use efficiency of peppermint. It was conducted under different irrigation management and using different superabsorbent levels. Therefore, a 3 × 4 factorial design was used to determine the effects of irrigation intervals (2-, 4-, and 6-day) and different levels of AS amount (zero [control], 0.5, 1, and 2 wt%). The effects of these factors on various parameters (morphological characteristics, essential oil percentage, nutrient, protein, proline, carotenoid, antioxidant, and chlorophyll content, leaf area index, relative water content, and water use efficiency [WUE]) were evaluated. The results showed that morphological characteristics and essential oil percentage decreased significantly under drought stress (increasing the irrigation intervals). However, the addition of 0.5 (wt%) AS improved plant growth conditions. Increasing the amount of superabsorbent used to 1 and 2 (wt%) decreased the measured traits, which indicates the creation of unsuitable conditions for plant growth. AS application improved the growth of the root more than the leaf yield of peppermint. A 0.5 (wt%) addition of AS resulted in root length increases of 3, 13, and 15%, respectively, at irrigation intervals of 2, 4, and 6 days, respectively. Additionally, at 0.5 (wt%) AS, root weight increased by 8, 15, and 16% in 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals, respectively. Also, the height of the plant increased by 3, 5, and 17% at 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals when 0.5 (wt%) of AS was used compared to the control. As well, essential oil percentage increased by 2.14, 2.06, and 1.63% at 2-, 4-, and 6-day irrigation intervals. The nutrient and protein contents decreased as irrigation intervals and AS usage increased, indicating a similar trend. However, compared with the control, the addition of 0.5 (wt%) of AS resulted in some improvements in nutrients and protein. The highest WUE (3.075 kg m-3) was attained in the 4-day irrigation interval and 1 wt% AS addition. This was followed closely by the 2-day irrigation interval with 1 wt% AS addition at 3.025 kg m-3, and the 4-day irrigation interval with 0.5 wt% AS addition, which reached 2.941 kg m-3. Overall, the use of AS in appropriate amounts (0.5 wt%) can reduce water consumption and enhance essential oil yield and WUE in peppermint cultivation in water-scarce arid and semi-arid regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saloome Sepehri
- Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), P.O. Box 31585-845, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Sima Abdoli
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, 6135743136, Iran.
| | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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Dehghanian Z, Asgari Lajayer B, Biglari Quchan Atigh Z, Nayeri S, Ahmadabadi M, Taghipour L, Senapathi V, Astatkie T, Price GW. Micro (nano) plastics uptake, toxicity and detoxification in plants: Challenges and prospects. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 268:115676. [PMID: 37979355 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Plastic pollution has emerged as a global challenge affecting ecosystem health and biodiversity conservation. Terrestrial environments exhibit significantly higher plastic concentrations compared to aquatic systems. Micro/nano plastics (MNPs) have the potential to disrupt soil biology, alter soil properties, and influence soil-borne pathogens and roundworms. However, limited research has explored the presence and impact of MNPs on aquaculture systems. MNPs have been found to inhibit plant and seedling growth and affect gene expression, leading to cytogenotoxicity through increased oxygen radical production. The article discusses the potential phytotoxicity process caused by large-scale microplastics, particularly those unable to penetrate cell pores. It also examines the available data, albeit limited, to assess the potential risks to human health through plant uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Dehghanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - Zahra Biglari Quchan Atigh
- Department of Civil Engineering and Smart Cities, College of Engineering, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong 515063, China.
| | - Shahnoush Nayeri
- SP-Lab., ASEPE Company, Industrial Park of Advanced Technologies, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mohammad Ahmadabadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Leila Taghipour
- Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture, Jahrom University, PO Box: 74135-111, Jahrom, Iran.
| | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Zheljazkov VD, Semerdjieva IB, Borisova D, Yankova-Tsvetkova E, Koleva-Valkova LH, Petrova G, Dincheva I, Stevens F, Wu W, Astatkie T, Ivanova T, Stoyanova A, Dzhurmanski A. Phytochemical and biological investigations on Centranthus kellereri (Stoj., Stef. & T. Georgiev) Stoj. & Stef. and C. ruber (L.) DC. and their potential as new medicinal and ornamental plants. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0293877. [PMID: 37934763 PMCID: PMC10629660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Centranthus kellereri is a Bulgarian endemic plant species, found only in two locations in the world: The Balkans Mountains (Stara Planina), above the town of Vratsa, and The Pirin Mountains, above the town of Bansko, Bulgaria. Being endemic and endangered species precluded any significant research on it. The hypothesis of this study was that the populations of C. kellereri may represent genetically, phytochemically, and morphologically distinct forms and these will differentiate from C. ruber. Furthermore, C. kellereri possibly imperfect embryology may preclude its more widespread distribution under natural conditions. RESULTS This study revealed the phytochemical profile, antioxidant activity, embryology, surface microstructural morphological traits, and genetic differences between the C. kellereri plants from the only two natural populations and compares them to the ones of the related and better-known plant C. ruber. The essential oil (EO) content in aboveground plant parts and in roots was generally low and the EO composition varied significantly as a function of plant part, year of sampling, location, and species. Methylvaleric acid was a major EO constituent in the C. kellereri EO, ranging between 60.2% and 71.7% of the total EO. The EO included monoterpenes, sequiterpenes, long-chain alkanes and fatty acids. Phytochemical analyses of plant tissue revealed the occurrence of 32 compounds that were tentatively identified as 6 simple phenolics, 18 flavonoids, 1 quinone, 1 lipid, 1 alkaloid, 2 diterpenes, and 3 triterpenes. There were differences in detected compounds between the C. kellereri plants at the two locations and between the roots and shoots in both species. The total phenols and flavonoids varied between the two species but were also dissimilar between the plants from the two populations of C. kelleri. Free radical scavenging activity, measured with ABTS and DPPH in aqueous and methanol extracts, had similar values; however, overall, C. kellereri from Vratsa showed the highest antioxidant activity while C. ruber had the lowest activity. Genetic analyses showed a clear differentiation between C. kellereri and C. ruber, and between the two populations of C. kellereri. Embryological studies revealed the peculiarities of the male and female generative spheres of the two species that were defined as being sexually reproducing. The pollen had high viability; however, the low viability of seeds demonstrated possible high sensitivity of C. kellereri to the environmental conditions, perhaps the main factor modifying and restricting the population sizes. The SEM analyses exposed differences in surface microstructural traits between the species (C. kellereri and C. ruber) but also between the two populations of C. kellereri. The observed dissimilarities in genetic makeup, micromorphological characteristics, and phytochemical composition strongly indicate that the two populations can be classified as distinct subspecies or varieties of C. kellereri; var. pirinensis and var. balkanensis. Further research is needed to introduce C. kellereri into culture and develop it as a high-value specialty crop or ornamental in order to conserve C. kellereri natural populations. C. kellereri may be utilized as a source for phytochemicals of interest and as an ornamental plant like C. ruber; however, it may have a greater environmental plasticity and adaptation as evidenced by its current locations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Faculty of Agronomy, Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity, Division of Flora and Vegetation, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Daniela Borisova
- Administration of Vrachanski Balkan Nature Park, Executive Forest Agency, Ministry of Agriculture, Food and Forestry, Vratsa, Bulgaria
| | - Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity, Division of Flora and Vegetation, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lyubka H. Koleva-Valkova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Galya Petrova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity, Division of Flora and Vegetation, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Department of Agrobiotechnologies, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Fred Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Linus Pauling Science Center, Oregon State University, SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR, United States of America
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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Shahi Khalaf Ansar B, Kavusi E, Dehghanian Z, Pandey J, Asgari Lajayer B, Price GW, Astatkie T. Removal of organic and inorganic contaminants from the air, soil, and water by algae. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2023; 30:116538-116566. [PMID: 35680750 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21283-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Rapid increases in human populations and development has led to a significant exploitation of natural resources around the world. On the other hand, humans have come to terms with the consequences of their past mistakes and started to address current and future resource utilization challenges. Today's primary challenge is figuring out and implementing eco-friendly, inexpensive, and innovative solutions for conservation issues such as environmental pollution, carbon neutrality, and manufacturing effluent/wastewater treatment, along with xenobiotic contamination of the natural ecosystem. One of the most promising approaches to reduce the environmental contamination load is the utilization of algae for bioremediation. Owing to their significant biosorption capacity to deactivate hazardous chemicals, macro-/microalgae are among the primary microorganisms that can be utilized for phytoremediation as a safe method for curtailing environmental pollution. In recent years, the use of algae to overcome environmental problems has advanced technologically, such as through synthetic biology and high-throughput phenomics, which is increasing the likelihood of attaining sustainability. As the research progresses, there is a promise for a greener future and the preservation of healthy ecosystems by using algae. They might act as a valuable tool in creating new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Shahi Khalaf Ansar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Elaheh Kavusi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehghanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Janhvi Pandey
- Division of Agronomy and Soil Science, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR-CIMAP), Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Gordon W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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10
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Bagheri Novair S, Cheraghi M, Faramarzi F, Asgari Lajayer B, Senapathi V, Astatkie T, Price GW. Reviewing the role of biochar in paddy soils: An agricultural and environmental perspective. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2023; 263:115228. [PMID: 37423198 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
The main challenge of the twenty-first century is to find a balance between environmental sustainability and crop productivity in a world with a rapidly growing population. Soil health is the backbone of a resilient environment and stable food production systems. In recent years, the use of biochar to bind nutrients, sorption of pollutants, and increase crop productivity has gained popularity. This article reviews key recent studies on the environmental impacts of biochar and the benefits of its unique physicochemical features in paddy soils. This review provides critical information on the role of biochar properties on environmental pollutants, carbon and nitrogen cycling, plant growth regulation, and microbial activities. Biochar improves the soil properties of paddy soils through increasing microbial activities and nutrient availability, accelerating carbon and nitrogen cycle, and reducing the availability of heavy metals and micropollutants. For example, a study showed that the application of a maximum of 40 t ha-1 of biochar from rice husks prior to cultivation (at high temperature and slow pyrolysis) increases nutrient utilization and rice grain yield by 40%. Biochar can be used to minimize the use of chemical fertilizers to ensure sustainable food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sepideh Bagheri Novair
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Meysam Cheraghi
- Department of Soil Science, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | - Farzaneh Faramarzi
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, University College of Agriculture & Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
| | | | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
| | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada.
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11
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Mohammadi Alagoz S, Hadi H, Toorchi M, Pawłowski TA, Asgari Lajayer B, Price GW, Farooq M, Astatkie T. Morpho-physiological responses and growth indices of triticale to drought and salt stresses. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8896. [PMID: 37264097 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-36119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Salinity and drought are two major abiotic stresses challenging global crop production and food security. In this study, the effects of individual and combined effects of drought (at different phenological stages) and salt stresses on growth, morphology, and physiology of triticale were evaluated. For this purpose, a 3 x 4 factorial design in three blocks experiment was conducted. The stress treatments included three levels of salinity (0, 50, and 100 mM NaCl) and four levels of drought (regular irrigation as well as irrigation disruption at heading, flowering, and kernel extension stages). The stresses, individual as well as combined, caused a significant decrease in chlorophyll contents, total dry matter, leaf area index, relative water content, and grain yield of triticale. In this regard, the highest reduction was recorded under combined stresses of 100 mM NaCl and drought stress at flowering. However, an increase in soluble sugars, leaf free proline, carotenoid contents, and electrolyte leakage was noted under stress conditions compared to the control. In this regard, the highest increase in leaf free proline, soluble sugars, and carotenoid contents were noted under the combination of severe salinity and drought stress imposed at the flowering stage. Investigating the growth indices in severe salinity and water deficit stress in different phenological stages shows the predominance of ionic stress over osmotic stress under severe salinity. The highest grain yield was observed under non-saline well-watered conditions whereas the lowest grain yield was recorded under severe salinity and drought stress imposed at the flowering stage. In conclusion, the flowering stage was more sensitive than the heading and kernel extension stages in terms of water deficit. The impact of salinity and water deficit was more pronounced on soluble sugars and leaf free proline; so, these criteria can be used as physiological indicators for drought and salinity tolerance in triticale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheyla Mohammadi Alagoz
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
| | - Hashem Hadi
- Department of Plant Production and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Toorchi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | | | | | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Muhammad Farooq
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agricultural and Marine Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoud 123, Muscat, Oman
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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Gunjyal N, Rani S, Asgari Lajayer B, Senapathi V, Astatkie T. A review of the effects of environmental hazards on humans, their remediation for sustainable development, and risk assessment. Environ Monit Assess 2023; 195:795. [PMID: 37264257 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-023-11353-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In the race for economic development and prosperity, our earth is becoming more polluted with each passing day. Technological advances in agriculture and rapid industrialization have drastically polluted the two pillars of natural resources, land and water. Toxic chemicals and microbial contaminants/agents created by natural and anthropogenic activities are rapidly becoming environmental hazards (EH) with increased potential to affect the natural environment and human health. This review has attempted to describe the various agents (chemical, biological, and physical) responsible for environmental contamination, remediation methods, and risk assessment techniques (RA). The main focus is on finding ways to mitigate the harmful effects of EHs through the simultaneous application of remediation methods and RA for sustainable development. It is recommended to apply the combination of different remediation methods using RA techniques to promote recycling and reuse of different resources for sustainable development. The report advocates for the development of site-specific, farmer-driven, sequential, and plant-based remediation strategies along with policy support for effective decontamination. This review also focuses on the fact that the lack of knowledge about environmental health is directly related to public health risks and, therefore, focuses on promoting awareness of effective ways to reduce anthropological burden and pollution and on providing valuable data that can be used in environmental monitoring assessments and lead to sustainable development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelam Gunjyal
- Department of Civil Engineering, IIT Roorkee, Roorkee, 247667, India
| | - Swati Rani
- Department of Biotechnology, Ambala College of Engineering and Applied Research, 133001, Ambala Cantt, Jagadhari Rd, P.O, Sambhalkha, Haryana, India.
| | | | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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13
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Semerdjieva I, Zheljazkov VD, Dincheva I, Piperkova N, Maneva V, Cantrell CL, Astatkie T, Stoyanova A, Ivanova T. Essential Oil Composition of Seven Bulgarian Hypericum Species and Its Potential as a Biopesticide. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:923. [PMID: 36840272 PMCID: PMC9962312 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hypericum species and especially H. perforatum L. are well known for their therapeutic applications. The present study assessed the essential oil (EO) composition, and antifungal and aphid suppression activity of seven Bulgarian Hypericum species. The EOs were analyzed by GC-MS-FID. Two experiments were conducted. In the first experiment, H. perforatum, H. maculatum, and H. hirsutum were used. Additionally, the EO composition of H. perforatum extracted via hydrodistillation (ClevA) and via commercial steam distillation (Com) were compared. The second experiment compared the EOs of H. perforatum, H. cerastoides, H. rumeliacum, H. montbretii, and H. calycinum (flowers and leaves) extracted via hydrodistillation and collected with n-hexane. Overall, the EO constituents belonged to four classes, namely alkanes, monoterpenes, sesquiterpenes, and fatty acids. The main class for compounds in H. maculatum and H. perforatum (section Hypericum) were sesquiterpenes for both experiments except for H. perforatum (Com). Hypericum montbretii (section Drosocarpium) EO had monoterpenes (38.09%) and sesquiterpenes (37.09%) as major groups, while H. hirsutum EO (section Taeniocarpium) contained predominately alkanes (67.19%). Hypericum hirsutum EO contained cedrol (5.04%), found for the first time in Hypericum species. Fatty acids were the main compounds in H. cerastoides (section Campylopus), while monoterpenes were the most abundant class in H. rumeliacum and H. calycinum EOs. α-Pinene and germacrene D were the major EO constituents of all analyzed Hypericum species except for H. hirsutum and H. cerastoides. Hypericum perforatum EO (Com) had significant repellent and insecticidal activity against two aphid species, Rhopalosiphum padi (Bird Cherry-oat aphid) and Sitobion avenae (English grain aphid) at concentrations of 0%, 1%, 2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%, and 5%. The tested EOs did not show significant activity against selected economically important agricultural fungal pathogens Fusarium spp., Botrytis cinerea, Colletotrichum spp., Rhizoctonia solani, and Aspergillus sp. The EO of the Hypericum species found in the Bulgarian flora could be utilized for the development of new biopesticides for aphid control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1013 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Neshka Piperkova
- Department of Phytopathology, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Vasilina Maneva
- Plant Protection and Technology Department, Institute of Agriculture, Agricultural Academy, 8400 Karnobat, Bulgaria
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, USDA-ARS, University, MS 38677, USA
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Tanya Ivanova
- Department of Technology of Fats, Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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14
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Urugo MM, Teka TA, Berihune RA, Teferi SL, Garbaba CA, Adebo JA, Woldemariam HW, Astatkie T. Novel non-thermal food processing techniques and their mechanism of action in mycotoxins decontamination of foods. INNOV FOOD SCI EMERG 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ifset.2023.103312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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15
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Kavusi E, Shahi Khalaf Ansar B, Ebrahimi S, Sharma R, Ghoreishi SS, Nobaharan K, Abdoli S, Dehghanian Z, Asgari Lajayer B, Senapathi V, Price GW, Astatkie T. Critical review on phytoremediation of polyfluoroalkyl substances from environmental matrices: Need for global concern. Environ Res 2023; 217:114844. [PMID: 36403653 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a class of emerging organic contaminants that are impervious to standard physicochemical treatments. The widespread use of PFAS poses serious environmental issues. PFAS pollution of soils and water has become a significant issue due to the harmful effects of these chemicals both on the environment and public health. Owing to their complex chemical structures and interaction with soil and water, PFAS are difficult to remove from the environment. Traditional soil remediation procedures have not been successful in reducing or removing them from the environment. Therefore, this review focuses on new phytoremediation techniques for PFAS contamination of soils and water. The bioaccumulation and dispersion of PFAS inside plant compartments has shown great potential for phytoremediation, which is a promising and unique technology that is realistic, cost-effective, and may be employed as a wide scale in situ remediation strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Kavusi
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnaz Shahi Khalaf Ansar
- Department of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Samira Ebrahimi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Department of Botany, Central University of Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
| | - Seyede Shideh Ghoreishi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Sima Abdoli
- Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Zahra Dehghanian
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran.
| | | | - G W Price
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
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16
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Bolouri P, Salami R, Kouhi S, Kordi M, Asgari Lajayer B, Hadian J, Astatkie T. Applications of Essential Oils and Plant Extracts in Different Industries. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248999. [PMID: 36558132 PMCID: PMC9781695 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) and plant extracts are sources of beneficial chemical compounds that have potential applications in medicine, food, cosmetics, and the agriculture industry. Plant medicines were the only option for preventing and treating mankind's diseases for centuries. Therefore, plant products are fundamental sources for producing natural drugs. The extraction of the EOs is the first important step in preparing these compounds. Modern extraction methods are effective in the efficient development of these compounds. Moreover, the compounds extracted from plants have natural antimicrobial activity against many spoilage and disease-causing bacteria. Also, the use of plant compounds in cosmetics and hygiene products, in addition to their high marketability, has been helpful for many beauty problems. On the other hand, the agricultural industry has recently shifted more from conventional production systems to authenticated organic production systems, as consumers prefer products without any pesticide and herbicide residues, and certified organic products command higher prices. EOs and plant extracts can be utilized as ingredients in plant antipathogens, biopesticides, and bioherbicides for the agricultural sector. Considering the need and the importance of using EOs and plant extracts in pharmaceutical and other industries, this review paper outlines the different aspects of the applications of these compounds in various sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parisa Bolouri
- Department of Field Crops, Faculty of Agriculture, Ataturk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Department of Genetic and Bioengineering, Yeditepe University, 34755 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Robab Salami
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Kouhi
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari 4818168984, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Kordi
- Department of Plant Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences & Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran 1983969411, Iran
| | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz 5166616422, Iran
- Correspondence: (B.A.L.); (T.A.)
| | - Javad Hadian
- Department of Agriculture, University of The Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC V2S 7M7, Canada
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada
- Correspondence: (B.A.L.); (T.A.)
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17
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Hemati A, Nazari M, Asgari Lajayer B, Smith DL, Astatkie T. Lignocellulosics in plant cell wall and their potential biological degradation. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 67:671-681. [PMID: 35508797 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-00974-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic materials are composed of three main structural polymers: hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin. Cellulose is a long chain molecule of glucose requiring a small number of enzymes for degradation due to its simple structure while lignin is a complex polymer of phenylpropane making its biochemical decomposition difficult. Under anaerobic conditions, lignocellulose breakdown is much easier and more rapid than aerobic conditions. Various studies have been carried out to estimate the rate of degradation of lignocellulosic materials. Microorganisms play a key role in the degradation of lignocellulosic materials because they produce a variety of hydrolytic enzymes including cellulase, proteases, xylanases, lipases, laccase, and phosphatases during the degradation of lignocellulosic materials. Based on the body of literature, microorganismal activity can provide useful information about the process of organic matter decomposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Hemati
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahtab Nazari
- Department of Plant Sciences, Macdonald Campus/McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Donald L Smith
- Department of Plant Sciences, Macdonald Campus/McGill University, Sainte-Anne-de-Bellevue, QC, Canada
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
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18
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Zheljazkov VD, Cantrell CL, Jeliazkova EA, Astatkie T, Schlegel V. Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Bioactivity of Sagebrush Species in the Bighorn Mountains. Plants (Basel) 2022; 11:1228. [PMID: 35567228 PMCID: PMC9103225 DOI: 10.3390/plants11091228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) are dominant wild plants in large areas of the U.S., Canada and Mexico, and they include several species and subspecies. The aim was to determine if there are significant differences in essential oil (EO) yield, composition, and biological activity of sagebrush within the Bighorn Mountains, U.S. The EO yield in fresh herbage varied from 0.15 to 1.69% for all species, including 0.25-1.69% in A. tridentata var. vaseyana, 0.64-1.44% in A. tridentata var. tridentata, 1% in A. tridentata var. wyomingensis, 0.8-1.2% in A. longifolia, 0.8-1% in A. cana, and 0.16% in A. ludoviciana. There was significant variability in the EO profile between species, and subspecies. Some EO constituents, such as α-pinene (0-35.5%), camphene (0-21.5%), eucalyptol (0-30.8%), and camphor (0-45.5%), were found in most species and varied with species and subspecies. The antioxidant capacity of the EOs varied between the species and subspecies. None of the sagebrush EOs had significant antimicrobial, antimalarial, antileishmanial activity, or contained podophyllotoxin. Some accessions yielded EO with significant concentrations of compounds including camphor, eucalyptol, cis-thujone, α-pinene, α-necrodol-acetate, fragranol, grandisol, para-cymene, and arthole. Therefore, chemotypes can be selected and possibly introduced into culture and be grown for commercial production of these compounds to meet specific industry needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Natural Products Utilization Research, USDA-Agricultural Research Service, University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Vicki Schlegel
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 326 Food Technology Complex, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
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Karimi H, Mahdavi S, Asgari Lajayer B, Moghiseh E, Rajput VD, Minkina T, Astatkie T. Insights on the bioremediation technologies for pesticide-contaminated soils. Environ Geochem Health 2022; 44:1329-1354. [PMID: 34476637 DOI: 10.1007/s10653-021-01081-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The fast pace of increasing human population has led to enhanced crop production, due to which a significant increase in the application of pesticides has been recorded worldwide. Following the enhancement in the utilization of pesticides, the degree of environmental pollution, particularly soil pollution, has increased. To address this challenge, different methods of controlling and eliminating such contaminants have been proposed. Various methods have been reported to eradicate or reduce the degree of contamination of pesticides in the soil. Several factors are crucial for soil contamination, including pH, temperature, the number, and type/nature of soil microorganisms. Among the accessible techniques, some of them respond better to contamination removal. One of these methods is bioremediation, and it is one of the ideal solutions for pollution reduction. In this innovative technique, microorganisms are utilized to decompose environmental pollutants or to curb pollution. This paper gives detailed insight into various strategies used for the reduction and removal of soil pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Karimi
- Environmental Science Department, Research Institute for Grapes and Raisin (RIGR), Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Shahriar Mahdavi
- Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
| | - Behnam Asgari Lajayer
- Health and Environment Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Ebrahim Moghiseh
- Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Karaj, Iran
| | - Vishnu D Rajput
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
| | - Tatiana Minkina
- Academy of Biology and Biotechnology, Southern Federal University, Stachki 194/1, Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 344090
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada.
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Zheljazkov VD, Semerdjieva I, Yankova-Tsvetkova E, Astatkie T, Stanev S, Dincheva I, Kačániová M. Chemical Profile and Antimicrobial Activity of the Essential Oils of Helichrysum arenarium (L.) Moench. and Helichrysum italicum (Roth.) G. Don. Plants 2022; 11:plants11070951. [PMID: 35406931 PMCID: PMC9002512 DOI: 10.3390/plants11070951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study compared the essential oils (EO) composition of Helichrysum arenarium (Bulgarian populations) with that of the cultivated species H. italicum. The EO composition of H. arenarium and H. italicum were analyzed via gas chromatography. In general, 75 components were identified in H. arenarium EO and 79 in H. italicum EO. The predominant constituents in H. arenarium EO were α-pinene (34.64–44.35%) and sabinene (10.63–11.1%), which affirmed the examined population as a new chemical type. Overall, the main EO constituents of H. italicum originating in France, Bosnia and Corsica were neryl acetate (4.04–14.87%) and β-himachalene (9.9–10.99%). However, the EOs profile of H. italicum introduced from the above three countries differed to some extent. D-limonene (5.23%), italicene, α-guaiene and neryl acetate (14.87%) predominated in the H. italicum introduced from France, while α-pinene (13.74%), δ-cadinene (5.51%), α-cadinene (3.3%), β-caryophyllene (3.65%) and α-calacorene (1.63%) predominated in plants introduced from Bosnia. The EOs of the plants introduced from France and Corsica had similar chemical composition and antimicrobiological activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivanka Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity, Division of Flora and Vegetation, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, BAS, 2, Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity, Division of Flora and Vegetation, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, BAS, 2, Gagarin Str., 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Stanko Stanev
- Institute of Roses, Essential and Medical Plants, Agricultural Academy, bul. “Osvobozhdenie” 49, 6100 Kazanlak, Bulgaria;
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Department of Agrobiotechnologies, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Institute of Horticulture, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Slovak University of Agriculture, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 94976 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergetics and Food Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
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Dehghanian Z, Habibi K, Dehghanian M, Aliyar S, Lajayer BA, Astatkie T, Minkina T, Keswani C. Reinforcing the Bulwark: Unravelling the Efficient Applications of Plant Phenolics and Tannins against Environmental Stresses. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09094. [PMID: 35309390 PMCID: PMC8927939 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Zheljazkov VD, Semerdjieva IB, Stevens JF, Wu W, Cantrell CL, Yankova-Tsvetkova E, Koleva-Valkova LH, Stoyanova A, Astatkie T. Phytochemical Investigation and Reproductive Capacity of the Bulgarian Endemic Plant Species Marrubium friwaldskyanum Boiss. (Lamiaceae). Plants (Basel) 2021; 11:114. [PMID: 35009117 PMCID: PMC8747201 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Marrubium friwaldskyanum Boiss (Lamiaceae) is a Bulgarian endemic species. Overall, the essential oil (EO) composition of M. friwaldskyanum was different from that of the other Marrubium species reported in the literature. The main EO constituents of M. friwaldskyanum were (E)-caryophyllene, germacrene D, and caryophyllene oxide. The effect of the harvest stage was significant only on α-copaene, (E)-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and τ-muurolol. The concentration of α-copaene (1.26-1.83% range of the total oil), (E)-caryophyllene (31-41%), caryophyllene oxide (6.4-11.8%), and τ-muurolol (1.3-2.8%) were the highest at 2-3 pair of leaves or before flowering and lower at flowering. The harvest stage did not significantly affect the concentrations of the other six identified EO compounds β-bourbonene (1.1%), α-humulene (2.8%), germacrene D (23.3%), bicyclogermacrene (2.85%), δ-cadinene (1.1%), and spathulenol (2.8%). In a separate experiment, grinding of the biomass prior to EO extraction had a significant effect only on the concentrations of D-limonene (0.24-3.3%) and bicyclogermacrene (3.6-9.1%). Grinding in water or without water, maceration, and addition of Tween®20 had rather small effects on the EO profile. The identified EO constituents and their mean concentrations in this experiment were (E)-caryophyllene (25.4%), germacrene D (17.6%), caryophyllene oxide (9.1%), spathulenol (6.5%), τ-muurolol (5.0%), carvacrol (3.9%), α-copaene (2.5%), β-bourbonene (2.5%), δ-cadinene (2.4%), α-humulene (1.8%), and Z-β-farnesene (1.3%). Embryological studies observed anther and the development of the male gametophyte and ovule and development of the female gametophyte of M. friwaldskyanum. Furthermore, pollen and seed viability assays were conducted, and mass spectrometry-based metabolomics analysis of an extract from shoots revealed the presence of 45 natural products, identified as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and (tri)terpenoids. Overall, the phytochemistry and some of the microscopic analyses distinguished this endemic species from other species in Marrubium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Linus Pauling Science Center 435, Oregon State University, SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.F.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Wenbin Wu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and the Linus Pauling Institute, Linus Pauling Science Center 435, Oregon State University, SW Campus Way, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; (J.F.S.); (W.W.)
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- National Center for Natural Products Research, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, University, MS 38677, USA;
| | - Elina Yankova-Tsvetkova
- Department of Plant and Fungal Diversity and Resources, Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Lyubka H. Koleva-Valkova
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biochemistry and Genetics, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Albena Stoyanova
- Department of Tobacco, Sugar, Vegetable and Essential Oils, Perfumery and Cosmetics, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza, 4002 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
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Zheljazkov VD, Jeliazkova EA, Astatkie T. Allelopathic Effects of Essential Oils on Seed Germination of Barley and Wheat. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10122728. [PMID: 34961198 PMCID: PMC8708003 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we evaluated the allelopathic effects of essential oils (EOs) from six different plant species, namely, lavender (Lavandula angustifolia), hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis), English thyme (Thymus vulgaris), lovage (Levisticum officinale), costmary (Chrysanthemum balsamita), and cumin (Cuminum cyminum), on seed germination and seedling growth of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum). The main constituents of the EOs of L. angustifolia were 47.0% linalool acetate and 28.4% linalool; H. officinalis' main constituents were 39.8% cis-pinocamphone, 9.8% trans-pinocamphone, 11.4% β-pinene, and 7.5% β-phellandrene; T. vulgaris' were 38.2% para-cymene, 25.6% thymol, and 13.6% γ-terpinene; L. officinale's were 64.8% α-terpinyl acetate and 14.7% β-phellandrene; C. balsamita's were 43.7% camphor, 32.4% trans-thujone, and 11.6% camphene; C. cyminum's were 49.6% cumin aldehyde, 10.4% para-cymene, 11.6% α-terpinen-7-al, and 9.1% β-pinene. All six EOs exhibited an allelopathic effect and suppressed the seed germination and seedling development of wheat and barley; however, the concentrations that exhibited a suppressing effect were different among the plants. C. cyminum EO completely suppressed both barley and wheat germination at 10-, 30-, and 90-µL application rates, making it the most effective treatment among the tested EOs. C. balsamita's and H. officinalis' EOs at 30 and 90 µL application rates completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). L. angustifolia's EOs at 30- and 90-µL and T. vulgaris' EO at 90 µL application rates also completely suppressed barley and wheat radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), and germination (%). C. balsamita's, H. officinalis', L. angustifolia's, and T. vulgaris' EOs at a 10 µL application rate reduced barley radicle length, seedling height, and % germination relative to the control. Wheat seed germination % was completely suppressed by the application of L. angustifolia's and T. vulgaris' EOs at 30 and 90 µL, while T. vulgaris' EO at 10 µL rate reduced the germination relative to the control. Interestingly, C. balsamita and H. officinalis at 10 µL did not reduce wheat germination; however, they did reduce the number of radicles per seed, radicle length (mm), seedling height (mm), germination (%), and vigor index. Furthermore, L. officinale's EO reduced the measured indices (radicles per seed, radicle length, seedling height, and vigor index) at the 10, 30, and 90 µL application rates relative to the non-treated control; however, none of the application rates of L. officinale's EO had a suppression effect on wheat germination. This study demonstrated the allelopathic effects of the EOs of six different herbal plant species on seed germination of barley and winter wheat. The results can be utilized in the development of commercial products for controlling pre-harvest sprouting of wheat and barley. Further research is needed to verify the results under field conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA;
| | | | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
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Neme K, Tola YB, Mohammed A, Tadesse E, Astatkie T. Effects of variety, storage container, and duration on the physical properties, oil content, germination capacity, and seed loss due to Plodia interpunctella infestation of Ethiopian sesame. J Sci Food Agric 2021; 101:843-852. [PMID: 32729127 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to fluctuations of international market prices and excess supply during peak harvesting seasons, farmers and traders often suffer from a low market price of sesame. Such a negative impact can be ameliorated by taking advantage of times with a better market price during the off season. This study aimed to investigate the impact of different storage containers on gravimetric properties and germination capacities of five different sesame varieties as well as their impact on Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella). RESULTS There were differences among the types of storage containers in terms of moisture content, oil content, thousand seed weight, and germination capacity with the storage duration. However, in terms of bulk density, true density, and porosity, the results were consistent. On average, a few losses in thousand seed weight for varieties stored in Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags (1.7%), metal silos (2.4%), and GrainPro bags (3.4%) were observed during 12 months' storage compared with polypropylene bags (17%). The difference among sesame varieties in terms of weight loss and loss of webbing due to P. interpunctella varied with storage duration. On average, about 9.4% weight loss and 5.7% loss due to webbing was measured for seed stored in polypropylene bags due to the natural infestation of P. interpunctella. No pest was found in hermetic containers. CONCLUSION In general, to fetch better market prices, the use of hermetic storage is more efficient to maintain the desired gravimetric properties and to prevent losses due to P. interpunctella infestation compared with the commonly used woven polypropylene bags. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumera Neme
- Department of Food Science & Nutrition, College of Agriculture, Wollega University, Shambu, Ethiopia
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Yetenayet B Tola
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Ali Mohammed
- Department of Postharvest Management, College of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Eneyew Tadesse
- Department of Food Science & Applied Nutrition, School of Biological & Chemical Sciences & Technology, Addis Ababa Science & Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada
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Zheljazkov VD, Sikora V, Dincheva I, Kačániová M, Astatkie T, Semerdjieva IB, Latkovic D. Industrial, CBD, and Wild Hemp: How Different Are Their Essential Oil Profile and Antimicrobial Activity? Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25204631. [PMID: 33053634 PMCID: PMC7587197 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25204631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is currently one of the most controversial and promising crops. This study compared nine wild hemp (C. sativa spp. spontanea V.) accessions with 13 registered cultivars, eight breeding lines, and one cannabidiol (CBD) hemp strain belonging to C. sativa L. The first three groups had similar main essential oil (EO) constituents, but in different concentrations; the CBD hemp had a different EO profile. The concentration of the four major constituents in the industrial hemp lines and wild hemp accessions varied as follows: β-caryophyllene 11-22% and 15.4-29.6%; α-humulene 4.4-7.6% and 5.3-11.9%; caryophyllene oxide 8.6-13.7% and 0.2-31.2%; and humulene epoxide 2, 2.3-5.6% and 1.2-9.5%, respectively. The concentration of CBD in the EO of wild hemp varied from 6.9 to 52.4% of the total oil while CBD in the EO of the registered cultivars varied from 7.1 to 25%; CBD in the EO of the breeding lines and in the CBD strain varied from 6.4 to 25% and 7.4 to 8.8%, respectively. The concentrations of δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in the EO of the three groups of hemp were significantly different, with the highest concentration being 3.5%. The EO of wild hemp had greater antimicrobial activity compared with the EO of registered cultivars. This is the first report to show that significant amounts of CBD could be accumulated in the EO of wild and registered cultivars of hemp following hydro-distillation. The amount of CBD in the EO can be greater than that in the EO of the USA strain used for commercial production of CBD. Furthermore, this is among the first reports that show greater antimicrobial activity of the EO of wild hemp vs. the EO of registered cultivars. The results suggest that wild hemp may offer an excellent opportunity for future breeding and the selection of cultivars with a desirable composition of the EO and possibly CBD-rich EO production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, 3050 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-541-737-5877
| | - Vladimir Sikora
- Institute of Field and Vegetable Crops, Alternative Crops and Organic Production Department, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 “Dragan Tsankov” Blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Department of Bioenergetics and Food Analysis, Institution of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Dragana Latkovic
- Department of Field and Vegetable Crops, University of Novi Sad, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
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Zheljazkov VD, Sikora V, Semerdjieva IB, Kačániová M, Astatkie T, Dincheva I. Grinding and Fractionation during Distillation Alter Hemp Essential Oil Profile and Its Antimicrobial Activity. Molecules 2020; 25:E3943. [PMID: 32872359 PMCID: PMC7504750 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis of this study was that we can modify the essential oil (EO) profile of hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) and obtain fractions with differential composition and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate the effects of grinding of hemp biomass before EO extraction and fractionation during distillation on EO profile and antimicrobial activity. The study generated a several EO fractions with a diversity of chemical profile and antimicrobial activity. The highest concentrations of β-pinene and myrcene in the EO can be obtained in the 5-10 min distillation time (DT) of ground material or in the 80-120 min DT of nonground material. High δ-3-carene and limonene EO can be obtained from 0-5 min DT fraction of nonground material. High eucalyptol EO can be sampled either in the 0-5 min DT of the ground material or in the 80-120 min of nonground material. Overall, the highest concentrations of β-caryophyllene, α-(E)-bergamotene, (Z)-β-farnesene, α-humulene, caryophyllenyl alcohol, germacrene D-4-ol, spathulenol, caryophyllene oxide, humulene epoxide 2, β-bisabolol, α-bisabolol, sesquiterpenes, and cannabidiol (CBD) can be obtained when EO is sampled in the 80-120 min DT and the material is nonground. Monoterpenes in the hemp EO can be increased twofold to 85% by grinding the material prior to distillation and collecting the EO in the first 10 min. However, grinding resulted in a slight but significant decrease in the CBD concentration of the EO. CBD-rich oil can be produced by collecting at 120-180 min DT. Different EO fractions had differential antimicrobial activity. The highest antimicrobial activity of EO fraction was found against Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus. THC-free EO can be obtained if the EO distillation is limited to 120 min. The results can be utilized by the hemp processing industry and by companies developing new hemp EO-infused products, including perfumery, cosmetics, dietary supplements, food, and pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, 3050 SW Campus Way, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Vladimir Sikora
- Institute for Field and Vegetable Crops, Alternative Crops and Organic Production Department, Maksima Gorkog 30, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Miroslava Kačániová
- Department of Fruit Science, Viticulture and Enology, Faculty of Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, 949 76 Nitra, Slovak Republic;
- Department of Bioenergetics and Food Analysis, Institution of Food Technology and Nutrition, University of Rzeszow, Cwiklinskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 “Dragan Tsankov” Blvd, 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Shiwakoti S, Zheljazkov VD, Gollany HT, Kleber M, Xing B, Astatkie T. Macronutrient in soils and wheat from long-term agroexperiments reflects variations in residue and fertilizer inputs. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3263. [PMID: 32094423 PMCID: PMC7039891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies in the long-term experiments at Pendleton, OR (USA), were focused on organic matter cycling, but the consequences of land management for nutrient status over time have received little attention. Soil and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) tissue samples were analyzed to determine the macronutrient dynamics associated with residue management methods and fertilizer rate under a dryland winter wheat-fallow rotation. The treatments included: no burn residue incorporation with farmyard manure (FYM) or pea vines, no burn or spring burn with application of N fertilizer (0, 45, and 90 kg ha-1), and fall burn wheat residue incorporation. The results revealed no differences on the effect of residue burning on macronutrient concentration over time. After receiving the same treatments for 84 years, the concentrations of soil organic C, total N and S, and extractable Mg, K, P in the 0-10 cm depth significantly increased in FYM plots compared to the rest of the plots. The N fertilization rate of 90 kg ha-1 reduced the accumulations of P, K, and Ca in grain compared to the 0 and 45 kg N ha-1 applications. The results indicate that residue incorporation with FYM can play vital role in reducing the macronutrient decline over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shiwakoti
- Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America.
| | - Hero T Gollany
- United States Department of Agriculture- Agriculture Research Service, Columbia Plateau Conservation Research Center, Pendleton, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Markus Kleber
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Baoshan Xing
- Stockbridge School of Agriculture, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada
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Yang J, He QS, Niu H, Astatkie T, Corscadden K, Shi R. Statistical Clarification of the Hydrothermal Co-Liquefaction Effect and Investigation on the Influence of Process Variables on the Co-Liquefaction Effect. Ind Eng Chem Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.9b06655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yang
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Quan Sophia He
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Haibo Niu
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Kenneth Corscadden
- Centre for Technology, Environment & Design, Lethbridge College, Lethbridge, Alberta T1K 1L6, Canada
| | - Ruoxiao Shi
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Nova Scotia B2N 5E3, Canada
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Semerdjieva IB, Burducea M, Astatkie T, Zheljazkov VD, Dincheva I. Essential Oil Composition of Ruta graveolens L. Fruits and Hyssopus officinalis Subsp. aristatus (Godr.) Nyman Biomass as a Function of Hydrodistillation Time. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24224047. [PMID: 31717325 PMCID: PMC6891472 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24224047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to establish the kinetics regression models for yield and composition of Ruta graveolens fruit and Hyssopus officinalis subsp. aristatus aboveground biomass essential oil (EO), collected at different time intervals during the hydrodistillation process. The hypothesis was that collecting the EO fractions during specific time frames may result in EOs with dissimilar composition that may have differential use by the industry. Furthermore, we calculated the kinetics regression models for the composition of EO, isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and characterized by GC-MS and GC-FID analyses. The EO yield of R. graveolens fruits was 0.39% (relative area % of GC-FID chromatogram), with major constituents in the Control fraction (0–90 min) being 2-nonanone, 2-undecanone, and 2-undecanol, representing 65% of the total oil. The highest concentration of 2-nonanone (60%) was found in the 30–60 min oil fraction, the concentration of 2-undecanone (35%) was highest in the Control (0–90 min) fraction, and the concentration of eucalyptol (19%) was highest in the 5–10 min fraction. The EO yield of H. officinalis subsp. aristatus dried biomass was 1.12%. The major constituents in the Control fraction (0–90 min) of H. officinalis biomass were eucalyptol, α-pinene, sabinene, β-pinene, and cis-3-pinanone, representing 86% of the total. Eucalyptol (58%) was the highest in the 0–5 min fraction. The highest β-pinene (15%) and cis-3-pinanone (20%) contents were found in the 20–40 min fraction. The kinetics regression models that were developed for EO composition of R. graveolens were second-order polynominal, Michaelis–Menten, and Exponential decay, while for EO composition of H. officinalis subsp. aristatus biomass were Exponential decay and Power. The results from this study could benefit the EO industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanka B. Semerdjieva
- Department of Botany and Agrometeorology, Agricultural University, Mendeleev 12, 4000 Plovdiv, Bulgaria;
| | - Marian Burducea
- Research and Development Station for Aquaculture and Aquatic Ecology, “Alexandru Ioan Cuza” University of Iasi, 700506 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, PO Box 550, Truro, NS B2N 5E3, Canada;
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department, Oregon State University, 3050 SW Campus Way, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Ivayla Dincheva
- Plant Genetic Research Group, AgroBioInstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dragan Tsankov blvd., 1164 Sofia, Bulgaria;
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Said-Al Ahl HAH, Sabra AS, Alataway A, Astatkie T, Mahmoud AA, Bloem E. Biomass production and essential oil composition of Thymus vulgaris in response to water stress and harvest time. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2018.1518794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ali S. Sabra
- Medicinal and Aromatic Plants Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Abed Alataway
- PSIPW Chair, Prince Sultan Institute for Environmental, Water and Desert Research, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, Canada
| | - Abeer A. Mahmoud
- Department of Botany (Plant Physiology Section), Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Elke Bloem
- Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn-Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
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Zheljazkov VD, Stewart CN, Joyce B, Baxter H, Cantrell CL, Astatkie T, Jeliazkova EA, Poovaiah CR. Dual Utilization of Medicinal and Aromatic Crops as Bioenergy Feedstocks. J Agric Food Chem 2018; 66:8744-8752. [PMID: 30028607 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Dual production of biofuels and chemicals can increase the economic value of lignocellulosic bioenergy feedstocks. We compared the bioenergy potential of several essential oil (EO) crops with switchgrass ( Panicum virgatum L.), a crop chosen to benchmark biomass and lignocellulosic biofuel production. The EO crops of interest were peppermint ( Mentha × piperita L.), "Scotch" spearmint ( Mentha × gracilis Sole), Japanese cornmint ( Mentha canadensis L.), and sweet sagewort ( Artemisia annua L.). We also assessed each crop for EO production in a marginal production environment in Wyoming, USA, with irrigation and nitrogen (N) rates using a split-plot experimental design. Oil content ranged from 0.31 to 0.4% for Japanese cornmint, 0.23 to 0.26% for peppermint, 0.38 to 0.5% for spearmint, and the overall mean of sweet sagewort was 0.34%. Oil yields ranged from (in kg ha-1) 34 to 165 in Japanese cornmint, 25 to 108 in peppermint, 29.3 to 126 in spearmint, and 39.7 in sweet sagewort. EO production, but not composition, was sensitive to N fertilization. The alternative bioenergy crops and switchgrass produced similar amounts of ethanol from bench-scale simultaneous saccharification and fermentation assays. Value-added incomes from the EO proceeds were estimated to be between $1055 and $5132 ha-1 from peppermint, $1309 and $5580 ha-1 from spearmint, $510 and $2460 ha-1 from Japanese cornmint, and $3613 ha-1 from sweet sagewort under Wyoming growth conditions. The advantage of the proposed crops over traditional lignocellulosic species is the production of high-value natural products in addition to lignocellulosic biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Crop and Soil Science Department , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Charles Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Blake Joyce
- Department of Plant Sciences , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Holly Baxter
- Department of Plant Sciences , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
| | - Charles L Cantrell
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture , NPURU , University , Mississippi 38677 , United States
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture , Dalhousie University , 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550 , Truro , Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 , Canada
| | - Ekaterina A Jeliazkova
- Crop and Soil Science Department , Oregon State University , Corvallis , Oregon 97331 , United States
| | - Charleson R Poovaiah
- Department of Plant Sciences , University of Tennessee , Knoxville , Tennessee 37996 , United States
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Jeliazkova E, D Zheljazkov V, Kačániova M, Astatkie T, L Tekwani B. Sequential Elution of Essential Oil Constituents during Steam Distillation of Hops (Humulus lupulus L.) and Influence on Oil Yield and Antimicrobial Activity. J Oleo Sci 2018; 67:871-883. [PMID: 29877222 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess17216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The profile and bioactivity of hops (Humulus lupulus L.) essential oil, a complex natural product extracted from cones via steam distillation, depends on genetic and environmental factors, and may also depend on extraction process. We hypothesized that compound mixtures eluted sequentially and captured at different timeframes during the steam distillation process of whole hop cones would have differential chemical and bioactivity profiles. The essential oil was collected sequentially at 8 distillation time (DT) intervals: 0-2, 2-5, 5-10, 10-30, 30-60, 60-120, 120-180, and 180-240 min. The control was a 4-h non-interrupted distillation. Nonlinear regression models described the DT and essential oil compounds relationship. Fractions yielded 0.035 to 0.313% essential oil, while control yielded 1.47%. The oil eluted during the first hour was 83.2%, 9.6% during the second hour, and only 7.2% during the second half of the distillation. Essential oil (EO) fractions had different chemical profile. Monoterpenes were eluted early, while sequiterpenes were eluted late. Myrcene and linalool were the highest in 0-2 min fraction, β-caryophyllene, β-copaene, β-farnesene, and α-humulene were highest in fractions from middle of distillation, whereas α- bergamotene, γ-muurolene, β- and α-selinene, γ- and δ-cadinene, caryophyllene oxide, humulne epoxide II, τ-cadinol, and 6-pentadecen-2-one were highest in 120-180 or 180-240 min fractions. The Gram-negative Escherichia coli was strongly inhibited by essential oil fractions from 2-5 min and 10-30 min, followed by oil fraction from 0-2 min. The strongest inhibition activity against Gram-negative Yersinia enterocolitica, and Gram-positive Clostridium perfringens, Enterococcus faecalis, and Staphylococcus aureus subs. aureus was observed with the control essential oil. This is the first study to describe significant activity of hops essential oils against Trypanosoma brucei, a parasitic protozoan that causes African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in other animals). Hops essential oil fractions or whole oil may be used as antimicrobial agents or for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miroslava Kačániova
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture
| | | | - Babu L Tekwani
- National Center for Natural Products Research & Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi
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Zheljazkov VD, Astatkie T, Jeliazkova EA, Heidel B, Ciampa L. Essential Oil Content, Composition and Bioactivity of Juniper Species in Wyoming, United States. Nat Prod Commun 2017; 12:201-204. [PMID: 30428211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in leaf essential oil (EO) content and composition of Juniperus species in the Bighorn Mountains {J comimunis L. (common juniper), J. horizontalis Moench. (creeping juniper), and J scopulorum Sarg. (Rocky Mountain juniper)} in Wyoming, USA. The EO was extracted via steam distillation of fresh leaves (needles). The EO composition of the three Juniper species varied widely. Overall, the essential oil content of fresh leaves was 1.0% (0.4-1.8% range in different accessions) in J. communis, 1.3% (1.2 to 1.6% range) in J. horizontalis, and 1.1% (0.7-1.5% range) in J. scopulorln. The EO chemical profile of J. communis was very different from that of the other two species. The concentration of α-pinene in the oil was 67- 80% in J. communis, 2.8-6% in J. horizontalis, and 2.3-13% in J. scopulorun. The concentration of sabinene was 57-61% of the oil of J. horizontalis and 13- 59%. in oil of J. scopulorum, whereas sabinene was either below 1% or not detected in J. communis. The oils of J scopulorm and J horizontalis had higher antioxidant capacity than that of J. communis. The oils of the three junipers did not show significant antimicrobial activity against 10 organisms. The diversity of the essential oil composition of these three junipers may encourage diverse industrial applications of Juniperus leaf essential oil.
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Zheljazkov VD, Astatkie T, Jeliazkova EA, Heidel B, Ciampa L. Essential Oil Content, Composition and Bioactivity of Juniper Species in Wyoming, United States. Nat Prod Commun 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1701200215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate variations in leaf essential oil (EO) content and composition of Juniperus species in the Bighorn Mountains { J. communis L. (common juniper), J. horizontalis Moench. (creeping juniper), and J. scopulorum Sarg. (Rocky Mountain juniper)} in Wyoming, USA. The EO was extracted via steam distillation of fresh leaves (needles). The EO composition of the three Juniper species varied widely. Overall, the essential oil content of fresh leaves was 1.0% (0.4–1.8% range in different accessions) in J. communis, 1.3% (1.2 to 1.6% range) in J. horizontalis, and 1.1% (0.7–1.5% range) in J. scopulorum. The EO chemical profile of J. communis was very different from that of the other two species. The concentration of α-pinene in the oil was 67–80% in J. communis, 2.8–6% in J. horizontalis, and 2.3–13% in J. scopulorum. The concentration of sabinene was 57–61% of the oil of J. horizontalis and 13–59% in oil of J. scopulorum, whereas sabinene was either below 1% or not detected in J. communis. The oils of J. scopulorum and J. horizontalis had higher antioxidant capacity than that of J. communis. The oils of the three junipers did not show significant antimicrobial activity against 10 organisms. The diversity of the essential oil composition of these three junipers may encourage diverse industrial applications of Juniperus leaf essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, Truro, NS, Canada B2N 5E3
| | | | - Bonnie Heidel
- WY Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY 82071, USA
| | - Lyn Ciampa
- WY Natural Diversity Database, University of Wyoming, Laramie WY 82071, USA
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Belew D, Astatkie T, Mokashi M, Getachew Y, Patil C. Effects of Salinity and Mycorrhizal Inoculation (Glomus fasciculatum) on Growth Responses of Grape Rootstocks (Vitis spp.). S AFR J ENOL VITIC 2016. [DOI: 10.21548/31-2-1404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Shiwakoti S, Poudyal S, Saleh O, Astatkie T, Zheljazkov VD. Method for Attaining Caraway Seed Oil Fractions with Different Composition. Chem Biodivers 2016; 13:695-9. [PMID: 27119969 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201500190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Caraway (Carum carvi L.) is a medicinal and aromatic plant; its seeds (fruits) are used as spice and they contain essential oils. We hypothesized that by collecting caraway oil at different time points during the extraction process, we could obtain oil fractions with distinct chemical composition. A hydrodistillation time (HDT) study was conducted to test the hypothesis. The caraway seed oil fractions were collected at eight different HDT (at 0 - 2, 2 - 7, 7 - 15, 15 - 30, 30 - 45, 45 - 75, 75 - 105, and 105 - 135 min). Additionally, a non-stop HD for 135 min was conducted as a control. Most of the oil was eluted early in the HD process. The non-stop HDT treatment yielded 2.76% oil by weight. Of the 24 essential oil constituents, limonene (77 - 19% of the total oil) and carvone (20 - 79%) were the major ones. Other constituents included myrcene (0.72 - 0.16%), trans-carveol (0.07 - 0.39%), and β-caryophyllene (0.07 - 0.24%). Caraway seed oil with higher concentration of limonene can be obtained by sampling oil fractions early in HD process; conversely, oil with high concentration of carvone can be obtained by excluding the fractions eluted early in the HD process. We demonstrated a method of obtaining caraway seed oil fractions with various and unique composition. These novel oil fractions with unique composition are not commercially available and could have much wider potential uses, and also target different markets compared to the typical caraway essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Shiwakoti
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA.,Plant Sciences Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Shital Poudyal
- Plant Sciences Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Osama Saleh
- Plant Sciences Department, University of Wyoming, 1000 University Avenue, Laramie, WY, 82071, USA
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, OR, 97331, USA
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Zheljazkov VD, Shiwakoti S, Jeliazkova EA, Astatkie T. Chemical Profile and Bioactivity of Essential Oil Fractions as a Function of Distillation Time. ACS Symposium Series 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/bk-2016-1218.ch010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Santosh Shiwakoti
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Ekaterina A. Jeliazkova
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Columbia Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Tubbs Ranch Road, P.O. Box 370, Pendleton, Oregon 97801, United States
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
- Present Address: Department of Crop and Soil Science, Oregon State University, 109 Crop Science Building, Corvallis, Oregon 97331. Ph:
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Joyce BL, Zheljazkov VD, Sykes R, Cantrell CL, Hamilton C, Mann DGJ, Rodriguez M, Mielenz JR, Astatkie T, Stewart CN. Ethanol and High-Value Terpene Co-Production from Lignocellulosic Biomass of Cymbopogon flexuosus and Cymbopogon martinii. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0139195. [PMID: 26437026 PMCID: PMC4593581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0139195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Cymbopogon flexuosus, lemongrass, and C. martinii, palmarosa, are perennial grasses grown to produce essential oils for the fragrance industry. The objectives of this study were (1) to evaluate biomass and oil yields as a function of nitrogen and sulfur fertilization, and (2) to characterize their utility for lignocellulosic ethanol compared to Panicum virgatum (switchgrass). Mean biomass yields were 12.83 Mg lemongrass ha-1 and 15.11 Mg palmarosa ha-1 during the second harvest year resulting in theoretical biofuel yields of 2541 and 2569 L ethanol ha-1 respectively compared to reported 1749–3691 L ethanol ha-1 for switchgrass. Pretreated lemongrass yielded 198 mL ethanol (g biomass)-1 and pretreated palmarosa yielded 170 mL ethanol (g biomass)-1. Additionally, lemongrass yielded 85.7 kg essential oil ha-1 and palmarosa yielded 67.0 kg ha-1 with an estimated value of USD $857 and $1005 ha-1. These data suggest that dual-use crops such as lemongrass and palmarosa may increase the economic viability of lignocellulosic biofuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake L. Joyce
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States of America
| | - Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
- Columbia Basin Agricultural Research Station, Oregon State University, 48037 Co 788 Rd, Adams, OR, 97810, United States of America
- * E-mail: ;
| | - Robert Sykes
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO, 80401, United States of America
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Charles L. Cantrell
- Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, NPURU, University, MS, 38677, United States of America
| | - Choo Hamilton
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - David G. J. Mann
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States of America
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Miguel Rodriguez
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Jonathan R. Mielenz
- BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, United States of America
| | - Tess Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture, Dalhousie University, 50 Pictou Road, P.O. Box 550, Truro, NS, B2N 5E3, Canada
| | - C. Neal Stewart
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, 37996, United States of America
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Zheljazkov VD, Astatkie T, Zhalnov I, Georgieva TD. Method for attaining rosemary essential oil with differential composition from dried or fresh material. J Oleo Sci 2015; 64:485-96. [PMID: 25843283 DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rosemary (Rosemarinus officinalis L.) is a well-known medicinal and essential oil plant, utilized by humankind since ancient times. The objective was to determine the effect of steam distillation time (DT) and material (dry or fresh biomass) on essential oil yield, composition, and bioactivity; and to develop regression models that can predict oil yield and composition at specific DT. The oil yield (content) from dry biomass was higher (0.43%) than that from fresh biomass (0.35%) and ranged from 0.18% in the 1.25 min DT to 0.51% in the 40 min DT. There was no yield advantage in extending the DT beyond 40 min, which is much shorter than the DT used by industry. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of the rosemary oil using the ORACoil method was 4,108 μmolVE/L. Rosemary oil did not exhibit significant antileishmanial, antimalarial, or antimicrobial activity. In general, the low-boiling constituents eluted earlier than the higher boiling constituents of the essential oil, resulting in a great variation of essential oil composition obtained at different DT. The most important constituents are α-pinene, eucalyptol, and camphor. The highest α-pinene concentration in the oil (30.4%) was obtained from dry biomass at 2.5 min DT; eucalyptol (23.3% of the total oil) from fresh biomass at 2.5 min DT; and camphor (15.9% of the total oil) from fresh biomass at 160 min DT. The DT could be used as an inexpensive tool to alter essential oil composition of the essential oil from fresh or dried rosemary biomass, and to produce rosemary oils with elevated or lowered concentration of specific targeted oil constituents to meet specific market demands.
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Satanina V, Kalt W, Astatkie T, Havard P, Martynenko A. Comparison of Anthocyanin Concentration in Blueberries Processed Using Hydrothermodynamic Technology and Conventional Processing Technologies. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpe.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Satanina
- PEI Berries Ltd.; Montague Prince Edward Island Canada
| | - W. Kalt
- Atlantic Food and Horticulture Research Centre; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; Kentville Nova Scotia Canada
| | - T. Astatkie
- Faculty of Agriculture; Dalhousie University; PO Box 550 Truro Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - P. Havard
- Faculty of Agriculture; Dalhousie University; PO Box 550 Truro Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 Canada
| | - A. Martynenko
- Faculty of Agriculture; Dalhousie University; PO Box 550 Truro Nova Scotia B2N 5E3 Canada
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Zheljazkov VD, Horgan T, Astatkie T, Schlegel V. Distillation time modifies essential oil yield, composition, and antioxidant capacity of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill). J Oleo Sci 2014; 62:665-72. [PMID: 24005011 DOI: 10.5650/jos.62.665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) is an essential oil crop grown worldwide for production of essential oil, as medicinal or as culinary herb. The essential oil is extracted via steam distillation either from the whole aboveground biomass (herb) or from fennel fruits (seed). The hypothesis of this study was that distillation time (DT) can modify fennel oil yield, composition, and antioxidant capacity of the oil. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of eight DT (1.25, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 min) on fennel herb essential oil. Fennel essential oil yield (content) reached a maximum of 0.68% at 160 min DT. The concentration of trans-anethole (32.6-59.4% range in the oil) was low at 1.25 min DT, and increased with an increase of the DT. Alpha-phelandrene (0.9-10.5% range) was the lowest at 1.25 min DT and higher at 10, 80, and 160 min DT. Alpha-pinene (7.1-12.4% range) and beta-pinene (0.95-1.64% range) were higher in the shortest DT and the lowest at 80 min DT. Myrcene (0.93-1.95% range), delta-3-carene (2.1-3.7% range), cis-ocimene (0-0.23% range), and gamma-terpinene (0.22-2.67% range) were the lowest at 1.25 min DT and the highest at 160 min DT. In contrast, the concentrations of paracymene (0.68-5.97% range), fenchone (9.8-22.7% range), camphor (0.21-0.51% range), and cis-anethole (0.14-4.66% range) were highest at shorter DT (1.25-5 min DT) and the lowest at the longer DT (80-160 min DT). Fennel oils from the 20 and 160 min DT had higher antioxidant capacity than the fennel oil obtained at 1.25 min DT. DT can be used to obtain fennel essential oil with differential composition. DT must be reported when reporting essential oil content and composition of fennel essential oil. The results from this study may be used to compare reports in which different DT to extract essential oil from fennel biomass were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Sheridan Research and Extension Center, University of Wyoming, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA.
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Zheljazkov VD, Astatkie T, Jeliazkova EA, Schlegel V. Distillation time alters essential oil yield, composition, and antioxidant activity of male Juniperus scopulorum trees. J Oleo Sci 2014; 61:537-46. [PMID: 23018851 DOI: 10.5650/jos.61.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of 15 distillation times (DT), ranging from 1.25 to 960 min, on oil yield, essential oil profiles, and antioxidant capacity of male J. scopulorum trees. Essential oil yields were 0.07% at 1.25 min DT and reached a maximum of 1.48% at 840 min DT. The concentrations of alpha-thujene (1.76-2.75%), alpha-pinene (2.9-8.7%), sabinene (45-74.7%), myrcene (2.4-3.4%), and para-cymene (0.8-3.1%) were highest at the shortest DT (1.5 to 5 min) and decreased with increasing DT. Cis-sabinene hydrate (0.5-0.97%) and linalool plus trans-sabinene (0.56-1.6%) reached maximum levels at 40 min DT. Maximum concentrations of limonene (2.3-2.8%) and pregeijerene-B (0.06-1.4%) were obtained at 360-480 min DT, and 4-terpinenol (0.7-5.7%) at 480 min DT. Alpha-terpinene (0.16-2.9%), gamma-terpinene (0.3-4.9%) and terpinolene (0.3-1.4%) reached maximum at 720 min DT. The concentrations of delta-cadinene (0.06-1.65%), elemol (0-6.0%), and 8-alpha-acetoxyelemol (0-4.4%) reached maximum at 840 min DT. The yield of the essential oil constituents increased with increasing DT. Only linalool/transsabinene hydrate reached a maximum yield at 360 min DT. Maximum yields of the following constituents were obtained at 720 min DT: alpha-thujene, alpha-pinene, camphene, sabinene, myrcene, alpha-terpinene, para-cimene, limonene, gamma-terpinene, terpinolene, and 4-terpinenol. At 840 min DT, cis-sabinene hydrate, prejeijerene-B, gamma muurolene, delta-cadinene, reached maximum. At 960 min DT, maximum yields of beta-pinene, elemol, alphaeudesmol/betaeudesmol, 8-alpha-acetoxyelemol were reached. These changes were adequately modeled by either the Michaelis-Menten or the Power (Convex) nonlinear regression models. Oils from the 480 min DT showed higher antioxidant activity compared to samples collected at 40, 160, or 960 min DT. These results show the potential for obtaining essential oils with various compositions and antioxidant capacity from male J. scopulorum by varying DT. This study can be used as a reference paper for comparing results of reports where different lengths of the DT were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- Sheridan Research and Extension Center, University of Wyoming, 663 Wyarno Road, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA.
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Zheljazkov VD, Astatkie T, Schlegel V. Hydrodistillation Extraction Time Effect on Essential Oil Yield, Composition, and Bioactivity of Coriander Oil. J Oleo Sci 2014; 63:857-65. [DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess14014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Zheljazkov VD, Cantrell CL, Astatkie T, Schlegel V, Jeliazkova E, Lowe D. The effect of coal-bed methane water on spearmint and peppermint. J Environ Qual 2013; 42:1815-1821. [PMID: 25602421 DOI: 10.2134/jeq2013.05.0211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Coal bed methane is extracted from underground coal seams that are flooded with water. To reduce the pressure and to release the methane, the water needs to be pumped out. The resulting waste water is known as coal bed methane water (CBMW). Major concerns with the use of CBMW are its high concentrations of S, Na, dissolved Ca, Mg, SO, and bicarbonate (HCO). Irrigation water is a scarce resource in most of the western states. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of various amounts of CBMW on the growth, essential oil content, composition, and antioxidant activity of spearmint ( L.) and peppermint ( L.) crops that were irrigated with the water. These two crops are grown in some western states and are potential specialty crops to Wyoming farmers. The irrigation treatments were 0% CBMW (tap water only), 25% CBMW (25% CBMW plus 75% tap water), 50% CBMW (50% CBMW and 50% tap water), 75% CBMW (75% CBMW plus 25% tap water), and 100% CBMW. Analyses of the data revealed that the CBMW treatments did not affect the antioxidant capacity of spearmint or peppermint oil (242 and 377 μmol L Trolox g, respectively) or their major oil constituents (carvone or menthol). Coal bed methane water at 100% increased total phenols and total flavonoids in spearmint but not in peppermint. Coal bed methane water also affected oil content in peppermint but not in spearmint. Spearmint and peppermint could be watered with CBMW at 50% without suppression of fresh herbage yields. However, CBMW at 75 and 100% reduced fresh herbage yields of both crops and oil yields of peppermint relative to the control.
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Abstract
Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) is one of the most widely grown essential oil crops in the world. Commercial extraction of lavender oil is done using steam distillation. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the length of the distillation time (DT) on lavender essential oil yield and composition when extracted from dried flowers. Therefore, the following distillation times (DT) were tested in this experiment: 1.5 min, 3 min, 3.75 min, 7.5 min, 15 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min, 120 min, 150 min, 180 min, and 240 min. The essential oil yield (range 0.5-6.8%) reached a maximum at 60 min DT. The concentrations of cineole (range 6.4-35%) and fenchol (range 1.7-2.9%) were highest at the 1.5 min DT and decreased with increasing length of the DT. The concentration of camphor (range 6.6-9.2%) reached a maximum at 7.5-15 min DT, while the concentration of linalool acetate (range 15-38%) reached a maximum at 30 min DT. Results suggest that lavender essential oil yield may not increase after 60 min DT. The change in essential oil yield, and the concentrations of cineole, fenchol and linalool acetate as DT changes were modeled very well by the asymptotic nonlinear regression model. DT may be used to modify the chemical profile of lavender oil and to obtain oils with differential chemical profiles from the same lavender flowers. DT must be taken into consideration when citing or comparing reports on lavender essential oil yield and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- University of Wyoming, Sheridan Research and Extension Center, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA.
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Zheljazkov VD, Vick B, Ebelhar W, Buehring N, Astatkie T. Effect of N on yield and chemical profile of winter canola in Mississippi. J Oleo Sci 2013; 62:453-8. [PMID: 23823910 DOI: 10.5650/jos.62.453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is increased interest in winter canola as an oilseeds crop for production of oil or biodiesel in the southeastern United States, but research has been limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of N (0, 60, 120, 180 kg N ha⁻¹) on productivity, oil content and oil composition of winter canola grown for two cropping seasons at three locations in Mississippi (Stoneville, and two locations at Verona: Verona upland silt loam, Verona-SL and Verona upland clay, Verona-C). Overall, increasing N application rates resulted in corresponding stepwise increase in seed yields in the two locations at Verona, whereas yields in the 60 and 120 kg N ha⁻¹ at Stoneville were not different from each other. Seed yields reached 3,383 and 3,166 kg ha⁻¹ in the 180 kg N treatment at Verona and at Stoneville, respectively. Oil yields were also increased with increasing N rates, however, oil yields at 60 and 120 kg N ha⁻¹ at Verona-C were not different from each other. Oil yields in the 180 kg N ha⁻¹ treatment reached 1,363 and 1,151 kg ha⁻¹ at Verona-SL and Stoneville, respectively. At Verona-SL location, higher N rates resulted in increased stearic acid compared to the lower N rates. However, the reverse effect was observed on the concentration of linolenic acid, which was lower at higher N rates. Also at that location, N application reduced the concentration of linoleic acid. At the Verona-C location, N application at 180 kg N ha⁻¹ reduced concentration of linolenic acid relative to the other fertility treatments. Overall, the increase in N application rates resulted in greater yield (kg FA ha⁻¹) of palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, linolenic, arachidic, eicosanoic, behenic, lignoceric and nervonic acids in all three locations, with N at 0 kg ha⁻¹ providing the lowest yields and N at 180 kg ha⁻¹ providing the highest yields. Winter canola production in the hot humid environment of southeastern United States can be successful and could provide seed and oil yields comparable to yields from major winter canola production areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valtcho D Zheljazkov
- University of Wyoming, Sheridan Research and Extension Center, Sheridan, WI 82801, USA.
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Forsido SF, Rupasinghe HPV, Astatkie T. Antioxidant capacity, total phenolics and nutritional content in selected ethiopian staple food ingredients. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2013; 64:915-20. [DOI: 10.3109/09637486.2013.806448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Zheljazkov VD, Astatkie T, Jeliazkova EA, Tatman AO, Schlegel V. Distillation time alters essential oil yield, composition and antioxidant activity of femaleJuniperus scopulorumtrees. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2012.744704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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