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Mandal S, Rajiva A, Kloog I, Menon JS, Lane KJ, Amini H, Walia GK, Dixit S, Nori-Sarma A, Dutta A, Sharma P, Jaganathan S, Madhipatla KK, Wellenius GA, de Bont J, Venkataraman C, Prabhakaran D, Prabhakaran P, Ljungman P, Schwartz J. Nationwide estimation of daily ambient PM 2.5 from 2008 to 2020 at 1 km 2 in India using an ensemble approach. PNAS Nexus 2024; 3:pgae088. [PMID: 38456174 PMCID: PMC10919890 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
High-resolution assessment of historical levels is essential for assessing the health effects of ambient air pollution in the large Indian population. The diversity of geography, weather patterns, and progressive urbanization, combined with a sparse ground monitoring network makes it challenging to accurately capture the spatiotemporal patterns of ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution in India. We developed a model for daily average ambient PM2.5 between 2008 and 2020 based on monitoring data, meteorology, land use, satellite observations, and emissions inventories. Daily average predictions at each 1 km × 1 km grid from each learner were ensembled using a Gaussian process regression with anisotropic smoothing over spatial coordinates, and regression calibration was used to account for exposure error. Cross-validating by leaving monitors out, the ensemble model had an R2 of 0.86 at the daily level in the validation data and outperformed each component learner (by 5-18%). Annual average levels in different zones ranged between 39.7 μg/m3 (interquartile range: 29.8-46.8) in 2008 and 30.4 μg/m3 (interquartile range: 22.7-37.2) in 2020, with a cross-validated (CV)-R2 of 0.94 at the annual level. Overall mean absolute daily errors (MAE) across the 13 years were between 14.4 and 25.4 μg/m3. We obtained high spatial accuracy with spatial R2 greater than 90% and spatial MAE ranging between 7.3-16.5 μg/m3 with relatively better performance in urban areas at low and moderate elevation. We have developed an important validated resource for studying PM2.5 at a very fine spatiotemporal resolution, which allows us to study the health effects of PM2.5 across India and to identify areas with exceedingly high levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhartha Mandal
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Ajit Rajiva
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Environmental, Geoinformatics and Urban Planning Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Jyothi S Menon
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Heresh Amini
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - Gagandeep K Walia
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Shweta Dixit
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anubrati Dutta
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Praggya Sharma
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Suganthi Jaganathan
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110017, India
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Kishore K Madhipatla
- Center for Atmospheric Particle Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Gregory A Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jeroen de Bont
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
| | - Chandra Venkataraman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Dorairaj Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Poornima Prabhakaran
- Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi 110016, India
- Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi 110017, India
| | - Petter Ljungman
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm 17177, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Danderyd Hospital, Stockholm 18257, Sweden
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lin C, Lane KJ, Chomitz VR, Griffiths JK, Brugge D. The Exposure Peaks of Traffic-Related Ultrafine Particles Associated with Inflammatory Biomarkers and Blood Lipid Profiles. Toxics 2024; 12:147. [PMID: 38393242 PMCID: PMC10893127 DOI: 10.3390/toxics12020147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
In this article, we explored the effects of ultrafine particle (UFP) peak exposure on inflammatory biomarkers and blood lipids using two novel metrics-the intensity of peaks and the frequency of peaks. We used data previously collected by the Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health project from participants in the Greater Boston Area. The UFP exposure data were time-activity-adjusted hourly average concentration, estimated using land use regression models based on mobile-monitored ambient concentrations. The outcome data included C-reactive protein, interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha receptor 2 (TNF-RII), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglycerides and total cholesterol. For each health indicator, multivariate regression models were used to assess their associations with UFP peaks (N = 364-411). After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status and education level, an increase in UFP peak exposure was significantly (p < 0.05) associated with an increase in TNF-RII and a decrease in HDL and triglycerides. Increases in UFP peaks were also significantly associated with increased IL-6 and decreased total cholesterol, while the same associations were not significant when annual average exposure was used. Our work suggests that analysis using peak exposure metrics could reveal more details about the effect of environmental exposures than the annual average metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (C.L.); (V.R.C.); (J.K.G.)
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
| | - Virginia R. Chomitz
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (C.L.); (V.R.C.); (J.K.G.)
| | - Jeffrey K. Griffiths
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA; (C.L.); (V.R.C.); (J.K.G.)
- Department of Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine and Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, USA
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
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Anneser E, Levine P, Lane KJ, Corlin L. Climate stress and anxiety, environmental context, and civic engagement: A nationally representative study. J Environ Psychol 2024; 93:102220. [PMID: 38222971 PMCID: PMC10785829 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvp.2023.102220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
There is increasing recognition that people are experiencing stress and anxiety around climate change, and that this climate stress/anxiety may be associated with more pro-environmental behavior. However, less is known about whether people's own environmental exposures affect climate stress/anxiety or the relationship between climate stress/anxiety and civic engagement. Using three waves of survey data (2020-2022) from the nationally representative Tufts Equity in Health, Wealth, and Civic Engagement Study of US adults (n = 1071), we assessed relationships among environmental exposures (county-level air pollution, greenness, number of toxic release inventory sites, and heatwaves), self-reported climate stress/anxiety, and civic engagement measures (canvasing behavior, collaborating to solve community problems, personal efficacy to solve community problems, group efficacy to solve community problems, voting behavior). Most participants reported experiencing climate stress/anxiety (61%). In general, the environmental exposures we assessed were not significantly associated with climate stress/anxiety or civic engagement metrics, but climate stress/anxiety was positively associated with most of the civic engagement outcomes (canvassing, personal efficacy, group efficacy, voter preference). Our results support the growing literature that climate stress/anxiety may spur constructive civic action, though do not suggest a consistent relationship between adverse environmental exposures and either climate stress/anxiety or civic engagement. Future research and action addressing the climate crisis should promote climate justice by ensuring mental health support for those who experience climate stress anxiety and by promoting pro-environmental civic engagement efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa Anneser
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Peter Levine
- Jonathan Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Laura Corlin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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4
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Haley BM, Patil P, Levy JI, Spangler KR, Tieskens KF, Carnes F, Peng X, Klevens RM, Troppy TS, Fabian MP, Lane KJ, Leibler JH. Evaluating COVID-19 Risk to Essential Workers by Occupational Group: A Case Study in Massachusetts. J Community Health 2024; 49:91-99. [PMID: 37507525 PMCID: PMC10823035 DOI: 10.1007/s10900-023-01249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
Occupational exposure to SARS-CoV-2 varies by profession, but "essential workers" are often considered in aggregate in COVID-19 models. This aggregation complicates efforts to understand risks to specific types of workers or industries and target interventions, specifically towards non-healthcare workers. We used census tract-resolution American Community Survey data to develop novel essential worker categories among the occupations designated as COVID-19 Essential Services in Massachusetts. Census tract-resolution COVID-19 cases and deaths were provided by the Massachusetts Department of Public Health. We evaluated the association between essential worker categories and cases and deaths over two phases of the pandemic from March 2020 to February 2021 using adjusted mixed-effects negative binomial regression, controlling for other sociodemographic risk factors. We observed elevated COVID-19 case incidence in census tracts in the highest tertile of workers in construction/transportation/buildings maintenance (Phase 1: IRR 1.32 [95% CI 1.22, 1.42]; Phase 2: IRR: 1.19 [1.13, 1.25]), production (Phase 1: IRR: 1.23 [1.15, 1.33]; Phase 2: 1.18 [1.12, 1.24]), and public-facing sales and services occupations (Phase 1: IRR: 1.14 [1.07, 1.21]; Phase 2: IRR: 1.10 [1.06, 1.15]). We found reduced case incidence associated with greater percentage of essential workers able to work from home (Phase 1: IRR: 0.85 [0.78, 0.94]; Phase 2: IRR: 0.83 [0.77, 0.88]). Similar trends exist in the associations between essential worker categories and deaths, though attenuated. Estimating industry-specific risk for essential workers is important in targeting interventions for COVID-19 and other diseases and our categories provide a reproducible and straightforward way to support such efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth M Haley
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Prasad Patil
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Koen F Tieskens
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Fei Carnes
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Xiaojing Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Monina Klevens
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Scott Troppy
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jessica H Leibler
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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Adams QH, Chan EM, Spangler KR, Weinberger KR, Lane KJ, Errett NA, Hess JJ, Sun Y, Wellenius GA, Nori-Sarma A. Examining the Optimal Placement of Cooling Centers to Serve Populations at High Risk of Extreme Heat Exposure in 81 US Cities. Public Health Rep 2023; 138:955-962. [PMID: 36726308 PMCID: PMC10576472 DOI: 10.1177/00333549221148174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although extreme heat can impact the health of anyone, certain groups are disproportionately affected. In urban settings, cooling centers are intended to reduce heat exposure by providing air-conditioned spaces to the public. We examined the characteristics of populations living near cooling centers and how well they serve areas with high social vulnerability. METHODS We identified 1402 cooling centers in 81 US cities from publicly available sources and analyzed markers of urban heat and social vulnerability in relation to their locations. Within each city, we developed cooling center access areas, defined as the geographic area within a 0.5-mile walk from a center, and compared sociodemographic characteristics of populations living within versus outside the access areas. We analyzed results by city and geographic region to evaluate climate-relevant regional differences. RESULTS Access to cooling centers differed among cities, ranging from 0.01% (Atlanta, Georgia) to 63.2% (Washington, DC) of the population living within an access area. On average, cooling centers were in areas that had higher levels of social vulnerability, as measured by the number of people living in urban heat islands, annual household income below poverty, racial and ethnic minority status, low educational attainment, and high unemployment rate. However, access areas were less inclusive of adult populations aged ≥65 years than among populations aged <65 years. CONCLUSION Given the large percentage of individuals without access to cooling centers and the anticipated increase in frequency and severity of extreme heat events, the current distribution of centers in the urban areas that we examined may be insufficient to protect individuals from the adverse health effects of extreme heat, particularly in the absence of additional measures to reduce risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quinn H. Adams
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elana M.G. Chan
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, School of Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Keith R. Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate R. Weinberger
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicole A. Errett
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeremy J. Hess
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yuantong Sun
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory A. Wellenius
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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Spangler KR, Brochu P, Nori-Sarma A, Milechin D, Rickles M, Davis B, Dukes KA, Lane KJ. Calculating access to parks and other polygonal resources: A description of open-source methodologies. Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol 2023; 47:100606. [PMID: 38042531 DOI: 10.1016/j.sste.2023.100606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Public health studies routinely use simplistic methods to calculate proximity-based "access" to greenspace, such as by measuring distances to the geographic centroids of parks or, less frequently, to the perimeter of the park area. Although computationally efficient, these approaches oversimplify exposure measurement because parks often have specific entrance points. In this tutorial paper, we describe how researchers can instead calculate more-accurate access measures using freely available open-source methods. Specifically, we demonstrate processes for calculating "service areas" representing street-network-based buffers of access to parks within set distances and mode of transportation (e.g., 1-km walk or 20-minute drive) using OpenRouteService and QGIS software. We also introduce an advanced method involving the identification of trailheads or parking lots with OpenStreetMap data and show how large parks particularly benefit from this approach. These methods can be used globally and are applicable to analyses of a wide range of studies investigating proximity access to resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Spangler
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA.
| | - Paige Brochu
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA
| | - Dennis Milechin
- Boston University Information Services & Technology, Research Computing Services, Boston MA
| | | | | | - Kimberly A Dukes
- Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Boston University School of Public Health, Department of Environmental Health, Boston, MA; Boston University School of Public Health, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston, MA
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Nguyen DD, Levy JI, Kim C, Lane KJ, Simon MC, Hart JE, Whitsel EA, VoPham T, Malwitz A, Peters JL. Characterizing temporal trends in populations exposed to aircraft noise around U.S. airports: 1995-2015. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00575-5. [PMID: 37735518 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00575-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aircraft noise is a key concern for communities surrounding airports, with increasing evidence for health effects and inequitable distributions of exposure. However, there have been limited national-scale assessments of aircraft noise exposure over time and across noise metrics, limiting evaluation of population exposure patterns. OBJECTIVE We evaluated national-scale temporal trends in aviation noise exposure by airport characteristics and across racial/ethnic populations in the U.S. METHODS Noise contours were modeled for 90 U.S. airports in 5-year intervals between 1995 and 2015 using the Federal Aviation Administration's Aviation Environmental Design Tool. We utilized linear fixed effects models to estimate changes in noise exposure areas for day-night average sound levels (DNL) of 45, 65, and a nighttime equivalent sound level (Lnight) of 45 A-weighted decibels (dB[A]). We used group-based trajectory modeling to identify distinct groups of airports sharing underlying characteristics. We overlaid noise contours and Census tract data from the U.S. Census Bureau and American Community Surveys for 2000 to 2015 to estimate exposure changes overall and by race/ethnicity. RESULTS National-scale analyses showed non-monotonic trends in mean exposed areas that peaked in 2000, followed by a 37% decrease from 2005 to 2010 and a subsequent increase in 2015. We identified four distinct trajectory groups of airports sharing latent characteristics related to size and activity patterns. Those populations identifying as minority (e.g., Hispanic/Latino, Black/African American, Asian) experienced higher proportions of exposure relative to their subgroup populations compared to non-Hispanic or White populations across all years, indicating ethnic and racial disparities in airport noise exposure that persist over time. SIGNIFICANCE Overall, these data identified differential exposure trends across airports and subpopulations, helping to identify vulnerable communities for aviation noise in the U.S. IMPACT STATEMENT We conducted a descriptive analysis of temporal trends in aviation noise exposure in the U.S. at a national level. Using data from 90 U.S. airports over a span of two decades, we characterized the noise exposure trends overall and by airport characteristics, while estimating the numbers of exposed by population demographics to help identify the impact on vulnerable communities who may bear the burden of aircraft noise exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel D Nguyen
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chanmin Kim
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Statistics, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C Simon
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric A Whitsel
- Department of Epidemiology, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Trang VoPham
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Epidemiology Program, Division of Public Health Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Andrew Malwitz
- John A. Volpe National Transportation Systems Center, U.S. Department of Transportation, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Junenette L Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
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Jimenez RB, Bozigar M, Janulewicz P, Lane KJ, Hutyra LR, Fabian MP. School Greenness and Student-Level Academic Performance: Evidence From the Global South. Geohealth 2023; 7:e2023GH000830. [PMID: 37538511 PMCID: PMC10395463 DOI: 10.1029/2023gh000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023]
Abstract
Greenspace in schools might enhance students' academic performance. However, the literature-dominated by ecological studies at the school level in countries from the Northern Hemisphere-presents mixed evidence of a beneficial association. We evaluated the association between school greenness and student-level academic performance in Santiago, Chile, a capital city of the Global South. This cross-sectional study included 281,695 fourth-grade students attending 1,498 public, charter, and private schools in Santiago city between 2014 and 2018. Student-level academic performance was assessed using standardized test scores and indicators of attainment of learning standards in mathematics and reading. School greenness was estimated using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Linear and generalized linear mixed-effects models were fit to evaluate associations, adjusting for individual- and school-level sociodemographic factors. Analyses were stratified by school type. In fully adjusted models, a 0.1 increase in school greenness was associated with higher test scores in mathematics (36.9 points, 95% CI: 2.49; 4.88) and in reading (1.84 points, 95% CI: 0.73; 2.95); as well as with higher odds of attaining learning standards in mathematics (OR: 1.20, 95% CI: 1.12; 1.28) and reading (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.02; 1.13). Stratified analysis showed differences by school type, with associations of greater magnitude and strength for students attending public schools. No significant associations were detected for students in private schools. Higher school greenness was associated with improved individual-level academic outcomes among elementary-aged students in a capital city in South America. Our results highlight the potential of greenness in the school environment to moderate educational and environmental inequalities in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel B. Jimenez
- Engineering Sciences DepartmentSchool of EngineeringUniversidad Andres BelloSantiagoChile
| | - Matthew Bozigar
- College of Public Health and Human SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallisORUSA
| | - Patricia Janulewicz
- Department of Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - Lucy R. Hutyra
- Department of Earth and EnvironmentBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
| | - M. Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental HealthSchool of Public HealthBoston UniversityBostonMAUSA
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9
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Anneser E, Stopka TJ, Naumova EN, Spangler KR, Lane KJ, Acevedo A, Griffiths JK, Lin Y, Levine P, Corlin L. Environmental equity and COVID-19 experiences in the United States: Results from three survey waves of a nationally representative study conducted between 2020-2022. medRxiv 2023:2023.05.16.23290050. [PMID: 37293071 PMCID: PMC10246057 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.16.23290050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Certain environmental exposures, such as air pollution, are associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality. To determine whether environmental context is associated with other COVID-19 experiences, we used data from the nationally representative Tufts Equity in Health, Wealth, and Civic Engagement Study data (n=1785; three survey waves 2020-2022). Environmental context was assessed using self-reported climate stress and county-level air pollution, greenness, toxic release inventory site, and heatwave data. Self-reported COVID-19 experiences included willingness to vaccinate against COVID-19, health impacts from COVID-19, receiving assistance for COVID-19, and provisioning assistance for COVID-19. Self-reported climate stress in 2020 or 2021 was associated with increased COVID-19 vaccination willingness by 2022 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.47, 3.76), even after adjusting for political affiliation (OR = 1.79; 95% CI = 1.09, 2.93). Self-reported climate stress in 2020 was also associated with increased likelihood of receiving COVID-19 assistance by 2021 (OR = 1.89; 95% CI = 1.29, 2.78). County-level exposures (i.e., less greenness, more toxic release inventory sites, more heatwaves) were associated with increased vaccination willingness. Air pollution exposure in 2020 was positively associated with likelihood of provisioning COVID-19 assistance in 2020 (OR = 1.16 per μg/m3; 95% CI = 1.02, 1.32). Associations between certain environmental exposures and certain COVID-19 outcomes were stronger among those who identify as a race/ethnicity other than non-Hispanic White and among those who reported experiencing discrimination; however, these trends were not consistent. A latent variable representing a summary construct for environmental context was associated with COVID-19 vaccination willingness. Our results add to the growing body of literature suggesting that intersectional equity issues affecting likelihood of exposure to adverse environmental conditions are also associated with health-related outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elyssa Anneser
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J. Stopka
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Tufts Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elena N. Naumova
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
- Division of Nutrition Epidemiology and Data Science, Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Keith R. Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrea Acevedo
- Department of Community Health, Tufts University School of Arts and Sciences, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey K. Griffiths
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Tufts University Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Grafton, MA, USA
- Division of Geographic Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Yan Lin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Levine
- Jonathan Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Laura Corlin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, USA
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10
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Chung CS, Lane KJ, Black-Ingersoll F, Kolaczyk E, Schollaert C, Li S, Simon MC, Levy JI. Assessing the impact of aircraft arrival on ambient ultrafine particle number concentrations in near-airport communities in Boston, Massachusetts. Environ Res 2023; 225:115584. [PMID: 36868447 PMCID: PMC10079358 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aircraft emissions contribute to overall ambient air pollution, including ultrafine particle (UFP) concentrations. However, accurately ascertaining aviation contributions to UFP is challenging due to high spatiotemporal variability along with intermittent aviation emissions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the impact of arrival aircraft on particle number concentration (PNC), a proxy for UFP, across six study sites 3-17 km from a major arrival aircraft flight path into Boston Logan International Airport by utilizing real-time aircraft activity and meteorological data. Ambient PNC at all monitoring sites was similar at the median but had greater variation at the 95th and 99th percentiles with more than two-fold increases in PNC observed at sites closer to the airport. PNC was elevated during the hours with high aircraft activity with sites closest to the airport exhibiting stronger signals when downwind from the airport. Regression models indicated that the number of arrival aircraft per hour was associated with measured PNC at all six sites, with a maximum contribution of 50% of total PNC at a monitor 3 km from the airport during hours with arrival activity on the flight path of interest (26% across all hours). Our findings suggest strong but intermittent contributions from arrival aircraft to ambient PNC in communities near airports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe S Chung
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Eric Kolaczyk
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Claire Schollaert
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sijia Li
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew C Simon
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Lane KJ, Levy JI, Patton AP, Durant JL, Zamore W, Brugge D. Relationship between traffic-related air pollution and inflammation biomarkers using structural equation modeling. Sci Total Environ 2023; 870:161874. [PMID: 36716891 PMCID: PMC11044987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.161874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Evidence suggests that exposure to traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) and social stressors can increase inflammation. Given that there are many different markers of TRAP exposure, socio-economic status (SES), and inflammation, analytical approaches can leverage multiple markers to better elucidate associations. In this study, we applied structural equation modeling (SEM) to assess the association between a TRAP construct and a SES construct with an inflammation construct. METHODS This analysis was conducted as part of the Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health (CAFEH; N = 408) study. Air pollution was characterized using a spatiotemporal model of particle number concentration (PNC) combined with individual participant time-activity adjustment (TAA). TAA-PNC and proximity to highways were considered for a construct of TRAP exposure. Participant demographics on education and income for an SES construct were assessed via questionnaires. Blood samples were analyzed for high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α receptor II (TNFRII), which were considered for the construct for inflammation. We conducted SEM and compared our findings with those obtained using generalized linear models (GLM). RESULTS Using GLM, TAA-PNC was associated with multiple inflammation biomarkers. An IQR (10,000 particles/cm3) increase of TAA-PNC was associated with a 14 % increase in hsCRP in the GLM. Using SEM, the association between the TRAP construct and the inflammation construct was twice as large as the associations with any individual inflammation biomarker. SES had an inverse association with inflammation in all models. Using SEM to estimate the indirect effects of SES on inflammation through the TRAP construct strengthened confidence in the association of TRAP with inflammation. CONCLUSION Our TRAP construct resulted in stronger associations with a combined construct for inflammation than with individual biomarkers, reinforcing the value of statistical approaches that combine multiple, related exposures or outcomes. Our findings are consistent with inflammatory risk from TRAP exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America.
| | | | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States of America.
| | - Wig Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA, United States of America
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, United States of America.
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12
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Nori-Sarma A, Spangler KR, Wang B, Cesare N, Dukes KA, Lane KJ. Impacts of the choice of distance measurement method on estimates of access to point-based resources. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023; 33:237-243. [PMID: 35145207 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Lack of access to resources such as medical facilities and grocery stores is related to poor health outcomes and inequities, particularly in an environmental justice framework. There can be substantial differences in quantifying "access" to such resources, depending on the geospatial method used to generate distance estimates. METHODS We compared three methods for calculating distance to the nearest grocery store to illustrate differential access at the census block-group level in the Atlanta metropolitan area, including: Euclidean distance estimation, service areas incorporating roadways and other factors, and cost distance for every point on the map. RESULTS We found notable differences in access across the three estimation techniques, implying a high potential for exposure misclassification by estimation method. There was a lack of nuanced exposure in the highest- and lowest-access areas using the Euclidean distance method. We found an Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) of 0.69 (0.65, 0.73), indicating moderate agreement between estimation methods. SIGNIFICANCE As compared with Euclidean distance, service areas and cost distance may represent a more meaningful characterization of "access" to resources. Each method has tradeoffs in computational resources required versus potential improvement in exposure classification. Careful consideration of the method used for determining "access" will reduce subsequent misclassifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amruta Nori-Sarma
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Biqi Wang
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nina Cesare
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kimberly A Dukes
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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13
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Patil P, Peng X, Haley BM, Spangler KR, Tieskens KF, Lane KJ, Carnes F, Fabian MP, Klevens RM, Troppy TS, Leibler JH, Levy JI. Influence of geospatial resolution on sociodemographic predictors of COVID-19 in Massachusetts. Ann Epidemiol 2023; 80:62-68.e3. [PMID: 36822278 PMCID: PMC9942453 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE When studying health risks across a large geographic region such as a state or province, researchers often assume that finer-resolution data on health outcomes and risk factors will improve inferences by avoiding ecological bias and other issues associated with geographic aggregation. However, coarser-resolution data (e.g., at the town or county-level) are more commonly publicly available and packaged for easier access, allowing for rapid analyses. The advantages and limitations of using finer-resolution data, which may improve precision at the cost of time spent gaining access and processing data, have not been considered in detail to date. METHODS We systematically examine the implications of conducting town-level mixed-effect regression analyses versus census-tract-level analyses to study sociodemographic predictors of COVID-19 in Massachusetts. In a series of negative binomial regressions, we vary the spatial resolution of the outcome, the resolution of variable selection, and the resolution of the random effect to allow for more direct comparison across models. RESULTS We find stability in some estimates across scenarios, changes in magnitude, direction, and significance in others, and tighter confidence intervals on the census-tract level. Conclusions regarding sociodemographic predictors are robust when regions of high concentration remain consistent across town and census-tract resolutions. CONCLUSIONS Inferences about high-risk populations may be misleading if derived from town- or county-resolution data, especially for covariates that capture small subgroups (e.g., small racial minority populations) or are geographically concentrated or skewed (e.g., % college students). Our analysis can help inform more rapid and efficient use of public health data by identifying when finer-resolution data are truly most informative, or when coarser-resolution data may be misleading.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasad Patil
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA.
| | - Xiaojing Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Beth M Haley
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Koen F Tieskens
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Fei Carnes
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - R Monina Klevens
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston
| | - T Scott Troppy
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston
| | - Jessica H Leibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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14
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Carlson JM, Zanobetti A, Ettinger de Cuba S, Poblacion AP, Fabian PM, Carnes F, Rhee J, Lane KJ, Sandel MT, Janulewicz PA. Critical windows of susceptibility for the effects of prenatal exposure to heat and heat variability on gestational growth. Environ Res 2023; 216:114607. [PMID: 36279910 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.114607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown that prenatal heat exposure may impact fetal growth, but few studies have examined the critical windows of susceptibility. As extreme heat events and within season temperature variability is expected to increase in frequency, it is important to understand how this may impact gestational growth. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between various measures of weekly prenatal heat exposure (mean and standard deviation (SD) of temperature and heat index (HI), derived using temperature in °C and dew point) and term birthweight or odds of being born small for gestational age (SGA) to identify critical windows of susceptibility. METHODS We analyzed data from mother-child dyads (n = 4442) in the Boston-based Children's HealthWatch cohort. Birthweights were collected from survey data and electronic health records. Daily temperature and HI values were obtained from 800 m gridded spatial climate datasets aggregated by the PRISM Climate Group. Distributed lag-nonlinear models were used to assess the effect of the four weekly heat metrics on measures of gestational growth (birthweight, SGA, and birthweight z-scores). Analyses were stratified by child sex and maternal homelessness status during pregnancy. RESULTS HI variability was significantly associated with decreased term birthweight during gestational weeks 10-29 and with SGA for weeks 9-26. Cumulative effects for these time periods were -287.4 g (95% CI: -474.1 g, -100.8 g for birthweight and 4.7 (95% CI: 1.6, 14.1) for SGA. Temperature variability was also significantly associated with decreased birthweight between weeks 15 and 26. The effects for mean heat measures on term birthweight and SGA were not significant for any gestational week. Stratification by sex revealed a significant effect on term birthweight in females between weeks 23-28 and in males between weeks 9-26. Strongest effects of HI variability on term birthweight were found in children of mothers who experienced homelessness during pregnancy. Weekly HI variability was the heat metric most strongly associated with measures of gestational growth. The effects observed were largest in males and those who experienced homelessness during pregnancy. DISCUSSION Given the impact of heat variability on birthweight and risk of SGA, it is important for future heat warnings to incorporate measure of heat index and temperature variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Carlson
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Ettinger de Cuba
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA; Children's HealthWatch, USA
| | - Ana P Poblacion
- Children's HealthWatch, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia M Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Carnes
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jongeun Rhee
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Megan T Sandel
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia A Janulewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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15
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Rodriguez E, Peer K, Fruh V, James K, Williams A, de Figueiredo Veiga A, Winter MR, Shea A, Aschengrau A, Lane KJ, Mahalingaiah S. Digital Global Recruitment for Women’s Health Research: Cross-sectional Study. JMIR Form Res 2022; 6:e39046. [PMID: 35969168 PMCID: PMC9520381 DOI: 10.2196/39046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
With the increased popularity of mobile menstrual tracking apps and boosted Facebook posts, there is a unique opportunity to recruit research study participants from across the globe via these modalities to evaluate women’s health. However, no studies to date have assessed the feasibility of using these recruitment sources for epidemiological research on ovulation and menstruation.
Objective
The objective of this study was to assess the feasibility of recruiting a diverse sample of women to an epidemiological study of ovulation and menstruation (OM) health (OM Global Health Study) using digital recruitment sources. The feasibility and diversity were assessed via click and participation rates, geographic location, BMI, smoking status, and other demographic information.
Methods
Participants were actively recruited via in-app messages using the menstrual tracking app Clue (BioWink GmbH) and a boosted Facebook post by DivaCup (Diva International Inc.). Other passive recruitment methods also took place throughout the recruitment period (eg, email communications, blogs, other social media). The proportion of participants who visited the study website after viewing and clicking the hypertext link (click rates) in the in-app messages and boosted Facebook post and the proportion of participants who completed the surveys per the number of completed consent and eligibility screeners (participation rates) were used to quantify the success of recruiting participants to the study website and study survey completion, respectively. Survey completion was defined as finishing the pregnancy and birth history section of the OM Global Health Study questionnaire.
Results
The recruitment period was from February 27, 2018, through January 24, 2020. In-app messages and the boosted Facebook post were seen by 104,000 and 21,400 people, respectively. Overall, 215 participants started the OM Global Health Study survey, of which 140 (65.1%), 39 (18.1%), and 36 (16.8%) participants were recruited via the app, the boosted Facebook post, and other passive recruitment methods, respectively. The click rate via the app was 18.9% (19,700 clicks/104,000 ad views) and 1.6% via the boosted Facebook post (340 clicks/21,400 ad views.) The overall participation rate was 44.6% (198/444), and the average participant age was 21.8 (SD 6.1) years. In terms of geographic and racial/ethnic diversity, 91 (44.2%) of the participants resided outside the United States and 147 (70.7%) identified as non-Hispanic White. In-app recruitment produced the most geographically diverse stream, with 44 (32.8%) of the 134 participants in Europe, 77 (57.5%) in North America, and 13 (9.8%) in other parts of the world. Both human error and nonhuman procedural breakdowns occurred during the recruitment process, including a computer programming error related to age eligibility and a hacking attempt by an internet bot.
Conclusions
In-app messages using the menstrual tracking app Clue were the most successful method for recruiting participants from many geographic regions and producing the greatest numbers of started and completed surveys. This study demonstrates the utility of digital recruitment to enroll participants from diverse geographic locations and provides some lessons to avoid technical recruitment errors in future digital recruitment strategies for epidemiological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Rodriguez
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Komal Peer
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kaitlyn James
- Deborah Kelly Center for Outcomes Research, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Williams
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Michael R Winter
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Ann Aschengrau
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shruthi Mahalingaiah
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Spangler KR, Levy JI, Fabian MP, Haley BM, Carnes F, Patil P, Tieskens K, Klevens RM, Erdman EA, Troppy TS, Leibler JH, Lane KJ. Missing Race and Ethnicity Data among COVID-19 Cases in Massachusetts. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2022:10.1007/s40615-022-01387-3. [PMID: 36056195 PMCID: PMC9439275 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-022-01387-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Infectious disease surveillance frequently lacks complete information on race and ethnicity, making it difficult to identify health inequities. Greater awareness of this issue has occurred due to the COVID-19 pandemic, during which inequities in cases, hospitalizations, and deaths were reported but with evidence of substantial missing demographic details. Although the problem of missing race and ethnicity data in COVID-19 cases has been well documented, neither its spatiotemporal variation nor its particular drivers have been characterized. Using individual-level data on confirmed COVID-19 cases in Massachusetts from March 2020 to February 2021, we show how missing race and ethnicity data: (1) varied over time, appearing to increase sharply during two different periods of rapid case growth; (2) differed substantially between towns, indicating a nonrandom distribution; and (3) was associated significantly with several individual- and town-level characteristics in a mixed-effects regression model, suggesting a combination of personal and infrastructural drivers of missing data that persisted despite state and federal data-collection mandates. We discuss how a variety of factors may contribute to persistent missing data but could potentially be mitigated in future contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Beth M Haley
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Fei Carnes
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Prasad Patil
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Koen Tieskens
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Monina Klevens
- MA Department of Public Health, Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Erdman
- MA Department of Public Health, Office of Population Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - T Scott Troppy
- MA Department of Public Health, Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jessica H Leibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Lin C, Lane KJ, Griffiths JK, Brugge D. A new exposure metric for the cumulative effect of short-term exposure peaks of traffic-related ultrafine particles. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2022; 32:615-628. [PMID: 34667309 PMCID: PMC9016093 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-021-00397-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The adverse health outcomes of traffic-related ultrafine particles (UFPs) disproportionally impact near-highway neighborhoods. Current studies focus on either short-term health outcomes associated with short-term UFP exposures averaged over days or weeks, or long-term outcomes associated with long-term (yearly or longer) average UFP exposures. We hypothesized that frequent and repeated exposure to short-term UFP peaks that last for just hours could overwhelm or alter physiological defensive responses, resulting in long-term health issues. Herein, we propose a new exposure metric for measuring the cumulative effect of these peak exposures. METHOD We used UFP exposure data estimated by the Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health (CAFEH) project, which recruited 704 participants from three pairs of near-highway/urban background neighborhoods in the Greater Boston Area between 2009 and 2012. CAFEH developed land use regression (LUR) models to estimate hourly averages of ambient UFP levels within the study areas based on mobile-monitored UFP data, and applied time-activity adjustment (TAA) to calculate adjusted final hourly estimates. Our alternative metric assigns cumulative peak exposure, which is determined as either the intensity (a high percentile of an individual's adjusted hourly UFP estimates) or the frequency (the number of hours with adjusted UFP estimates greater than a high percentile of all adjusted hourly UFP estimates of all participants in the study area) of UFP peaks. RESULTS After TAA was applied, for most of the time, our cumulative peak exposure metrics were not strongly correlated with the annual average. However, the level of correlation varied greatly from neighborhood to neighborhood (Spearman's R ranges from 0.39 to 0.97). CONCLUSION There was variation in UFP peak exposure that was not explained by the annual average, suggesting that our proposed peak metric distinct from annual average exposure metric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Lin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey K Griffiths
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
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18
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Jimenez RB, Lane KJ, Hutyra LR, Fabian MP. Spatial resolution of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index and greenness exposure misclassification in an urban cohort. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2022; 32:213-222. [PMID: 35094014 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00409-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is a measure of greenness widely used in environmental health research. High spatial resolution NDVI has become increasingly available; however, the implications of its use in exposure assessment are not well understood. OBJECTIVE To quantify the impact of NDVI spatial resolution on greenness exposure misclassification. METHODS Greenness exposure was assessed for 31,328 children in the Greater Boston Area in 2016 using NDVI from MODIS (250 m2), Landsat 8 (30 m2), Sentinel-2 (10 m2), and the National Agricultural Imagery Program (NAIP, 1 m2). We compared continuous and categorical greenness estimates for multiple buffer sizes under a reliability assessment framework. Exposure misclassification was evaluated using NAIP data as reference. RESULTS Greenness estimates were greater for coarser resolution NDVI, but exposure distributions were similar. Continuous estimates showed poor agreement and high consistency, while agreement in categorical estimates ranged from poor to strong. Exposure misclassification was higher with greater differences in resolution, smaller buffers, and greater number of exposure quantiles. The proportion of participants changing greenness quantiles was higher for MODIS (11-60%), followed by Landsat 8 (6-44%), and Sentinel-2 (5-33%). SIGNIFICANCE Greenness exposure assessment is sensitive to spatial resolution of NDVI, aggregation area, and number of exposure quantiles. Greenness exposure decisions should ponder relevant pathways for specific health outcomes and operational considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel B Jimenez
- Department of Environmental Health. School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health. School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Lucy R Hutyra
- Department of Earth and Environment, Boston University, 685 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health. School of Public Health, Boston University, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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19
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) is an ultrasonographic finding that can be present in women with ovulatory disorder and oligomenorrhea due to hypothalamic, pituitary, and ovarian dysfunction. While air pollution has emerged as a possible disrupter of hormone homeostasis, limited research has been conducted on the association between air pollution and PCOM. METHODS We conducted a longitudinal cohort study using electronic medical records data of 5,492 women with normal ovaries at the first ultrasound that underwent a repeated pelvic ultrasound examination during the study period (2004-2016) at Boston Medical Center. Machine learning text algorithms classified PCOM by ultrasound. We used geocoded home address to determine the ambient annual average PM2.5 exposures and categorized into tertiles of exposure. We used Cox Proportional Hazards models on complete data (n = 3,994), adjusting for covariates, and additionally stratified by race/ethnicity and body mass index (BMI). RESULTS Cumulative exposure to PM2.5 during the study ranged from 4.9 to 17.5 µg/m3 (mean = 10.0 μg/m3). On average, women were 31 years old and 58% were Black/African American. Hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (CI) comparing the second and third PM2.5 exposure tertile vs. the reference tertile were 1.12 (0.88, 1.43) and 0.89 (0.62, 1.28), respectively. No appreciable differences were observed across race/ethnicity. Among women with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, we observed weak inverse associations with PCOM for the second (HR: 0.93, 95% CI: 0.66, 1.33) and third tertiles (HR: 0.89, 95% CI: 0.50, 1.57). CONCLUSIONS In this study of reproductive-aged women, we observed little association between PM2.5 concentrations and PCOM incidence. No dose response relationships were observed nor were estimates appreciably different across race/ethnicity within this clinically sourced cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Jay Jojo Cheng
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, 702 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ann Aschengrau
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shruthi Mahalingaiah
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA, 02114-2696, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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20
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Spangler KR, Patil P, Peng X, Levy JI, Lane KJ, Tieskens KF, Carnes F, Klevens RM, Erdman EA, Troppy TS, Fabian MP, Leibler JH. Community predictors of COVID-19 cases and deaths in Massachusetts: Evaluating changes over time using geospatially refined data. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 16:213-221. [PMID: 34761531 PMCID: PMC8652977 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need for targeted local interventions given substantial heterogeneity within cities and counties. Publicly available case data are typically aggregated to the city or county level to protect patient privacy, but more granular data are necessary to identify and act upon community-level risk factors that can change over time. METHODS Individual COVID-19 case and mortality data from Massachusetts were geocoded to residential addresses and aggregated into two time periods: "Phase 1" (March-June 2020) and "Phase 2" (September 2020 to February 2021). Institutional cases associated with long-term care facilities, prisons, or homeless shelters were identified using address data and modeled separately. Census tract sociodemographic and occupational predictors were drawn from the 2015-2019 American Community Survey. We used mixed-effects negative binomial regression to estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs), accounting for town-level spatial autocorrelation. RESULTS Case incidence was elevated in census tracts with higher proportions of Black and Latinx residents, with larger associations in Phase 1 than Phase 2. Case incidence associated with proportion of essential workers was similarly elevated in both Phases. Mortality IRRs had differing patterns from case IRRs, decreasing less substantially between Phases for Black and Latinx populations and increasing between Phases for proportion of essential workers. Mortality models excluding institutional cases yielded stronger associations for age, race/ethnicity, and essential worker status. CONCLUSIONS Geocoded home address data can allow for nuanced analyses of community disease patterns, identification of high-risk subgroups, and exclusion of institutional cases to comprehensively reflect community risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Prasad Patil
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Xiaojing Peng
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Koen F Tieskens
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Fei Carnes
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Monina Klevens
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Erdman
- Office of Population Health, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - T Scott Troppy
- Bureau of Infectious Disease and Laboratory Sciences, Massachusetts Department of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Jessica H Leibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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21
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Walker ED, Lee NF, Scammell MK, Feuer AP, Power MB, Lane KJ, Adamkiewicz G, Levy JI. Descriptive characterization of sound levels in an environmental justice city before and during a global pandemic. Environ Res 2021; 199:111353. [PMID: 34048746 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.111353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Many environmental justice communities face elevated exposures to multiple stressors, given biases in urban and environmental policy and planning. This paper aims to evaluate sound level exposure in a densely populated environmental justice city in close proximity to major roadways, a nearby airport and high levels of industrial activity. In this study we collected various sound level metrics to evaluate the loudness and frequency composition of the acoustical environment in Chelsea, Massachusetts, USA. A total of 29 week-long sites were collected from October 2019 to June 2020, a time period that also included the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic, which drastically altered activity patterns and corresponding sound level exposures. We found that Chelsea is exposed to high levels of sound, both day and night (65 dB (A), and 80 dB and 90 dB for low frequency, and infrasound sound levels). A spectral analysis shows that 63 Hz was the dominant frequency. Distance to major roads and flight activity (both arrivals and departures) were most strongly correlated with all metrics, most notably with metrics describing contributing from lower frequencies. Overall, we found similar patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic but at levels up to 10 dB lower. Our results demonstrate the importance of noise exposure assessments in environmental justice communities and the importance of using additional metrics to describe communities inundated with significant air, road, and industrial sound levels. It also provides a snapshot of how much quieter communities can be with careful and intentional urban and environmental policy and planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica D Walker
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Nina F Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Madeleine K Scammell
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Greenroots Inc, Chelsea, MA, USA
| | - Arielle P Feuer
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary Adamkiewicz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Tieskens KF, Patil P, Levy JI, Brochu P, Lane KJ, Fabian MP, Carnes F, Haley BM, Spangler KR, Leibler JH. Time-varying associations between COVID-19 case incidence and community-level sociodemographic, occupational, environmental, and mobility risk factors in Massachusetts. BMC Infect Dis 2021; 21:686. [PMID: 34271870 PMCID: PMC8283097 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-021-06389-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Associations between community-level risk factors and COVID-19 incidence have been used to identify vulnerable subpopulations and target interventions, but the variability of these associations over time remains largely unknown. We evaluated variability in the associations between community-level predictors and COVID-19 case incidence in 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts from March to October 2020. METHODS Using publicly available sociodemographic, occupational, environmental, and mobility datasets, we developed mixed-effect, adjusted Poisson regression models to depict associations between these variables and town-level COVID-19 case incidence data across five distinct time periods from March to October 2020. We examined town-level demographic variables, including population proportions by race, ethnicity, and age, as well as factors related to occupation, housing density, economic vulnerability, air pollution (PM2.5), and institutional facilities. We calculated incidence rate ratios (IRR) associated with these predictors and compared these values across the multiple time periods to assess variability in the observed associations over time. RESULTS Associations between key predictor variables and town-level incidence varied across the five time periods. We observed reductions over time in the association with percentage of Black residents (IRR = 1.12 [95%CI: 1.12-1.13]) in early spring, IRR = 1.01 [95%CI: 1.00-1.01] in early fall) and COVID-19 incidence. The association with number of long-term care facility beds per capita also decreased over time (IRR = 1.28 [95%CI: 1.26-1.31] in spring, IRR = 1.07 [95%CI: 1.05-1.09] in fall). Controlling for other factors, towns with higher percentages of essential workers experienced elevated incidences of COVID-19 throughout the pandemic (e.g., IRR = 1.30 [95%CI: 1.27-1.33] in spring, IRR = 1.20 [95%CI: 1.17-1.22] in fall). Towns with higher proportions of Latinx residents also had sustained elevated incidence over time (IRR = 1.19 [95%CI: 1.18-1.21] in spring, IRR = 1.14 [95%CI: 1.13-1.15] in fall). CONCLUSIONS Town-level COVID-19 risk factors varied with time in this study. In Massachusetts, racial (but not ethnic) disparities in COVID-19 incidence may have decreased across the first 8 months of the pandemic, perhaps indicating greater success in risk mitigation in selected communities. Our approach can be used to evaluate effectiveness of public health interventions and target specific mitigation efforts on the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koen F Tieskens
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Prasad Patil
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Paige Brochu
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Fei Carnes
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Beth M Haley
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Keith R Spangler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Jessica H Leibler
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany St, Boston, MA, 02118, USA.
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23
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Son JY, Sabath MB, Lane KJ, Miranda ML, Dominici F, Di Q, Schwartz J, Bell ML. Long-term Exposure to PM2.5 and Mortality for the Older Population: Effect Modification by Residential Greenness. Epidemiology 2021; 32:477-486. [PMID: 33788795 DOI: 10.1097/ede.0000000000001348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although many studies demonstrated reduced mortality risk with higher greenness, few studies examined the modifying effect of greenness on air pollution-health associations. We evaluated residential greenness as an effect modifier of the association between long-term exposure to fine particles (PM2.5) and mortality. METHODS We used data from all Medicare beneficiaries in North Carolina (NC) and Michigan (MI) (2001-2016). We estimated annual PM2.5 averages using ensemble prediction models. We estimated mortality risk per 1 μg/m3 increase using Cox proportional hazards modeling, controlling for demographics, Medicaid eligibility, and area-level covariates. We investigated health disparities by greenness using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index with measures of urbanicity and socioeconomic status. RESULTS PM2.5 was positively associated with mortality risk. Hazard ratios (HRs) were 1.12 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.12 to 1.13) for NC and 1.01 (95% CI = 1.00 to 1.01) for MI. HRs were higher for rural than urban areas. Within each category of urbanicity, HRs were generally higher in less green areas. For combined disparities, HRs were higher in low greenness or low SES areas, regardless of the other factor. HRs were lowest in high-greenness and high-SES areas for both states. CONCLUSIONS In our study, those in low SES and high-greenness areas had lower associations between PM2.5 and mortality than those in low SES and low greenness areas. Multiple aspects of disparity factors and their interactions may affect health disparities from air pollution exposures. Findings should be considered in light of uncertainties, such as our use of modeled PM2.5 data, and warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Son
- From the School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT
| | - M Benjamin Sabath
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Francesca Dominici
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Qian Di
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- From the School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, CT
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24
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Mahalingaiah S, Cheng JJ, Winter MR, Rodriguez E, Fruh V, Williams A, Nguyen M, Madhavan R, Karanja P, MacRae J, Konanki SC, Lane KJ, Aschengrau A. Multimodal Recruitment to Study Ovulation and Menstruation Health: Internet-Based Survey Pilot Study. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e24716. [PMID: 33861203 PMCID: PMC8087968 DOI: 10.2196/24716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multimodal recruitment strategies are a novel way to increase diversity in research populations. However, these methods have not been previously applied to understanding the prevalence of menstrual disorders such as polycystic ovary syndrome. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to test the feasibility of recruiting a diverse cohort to complete a web-based survey on ovulation and menstruation health. METHODS We conducted the Ovulation and Menstruation Health Pilot Study using a REDCap web-based survey platform. We recruited 200 women from a clinical population, a community fair, and the internet. RESULTS We recruited 438 women over 29 weeks between September 2017 and March 2018. After consent and eligibility determination, 345 enrolled, 278 started (clinic: n=43; community fair: n=61; internet: n=174), and 247 completed (clinic: n=28; community fair: n=60; internet: n=159) the survey. Among all participants, the median age was 25.0 (SD 6.0) years, mean BMI was 26.1 kg/m2 (SD 6.6), 79.7% (216/271) had a college degree or higher, and 14.6% (37/254) reported a physician diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. Race and ethnicity distributions were 64.7% (176/272) White, 11.8% (32/272) Black/African American, 7.7% (21/272) Latina/Hispanic, and 5.9% (16/272) Asian individuals; 9.9% (27/272) reported more than one race or ethnicity. The highest enrollment of Black/African American individuals was in clinic (17/42, 40.5%) compared to 1.6% (1/61) in the community fair and 8.3% (14/169) using the internet. Survey completion rates were highest among those who were recruited from the internet (159/174, 91.4%) and community fairs (60/61, 98.4%) compared to those recruited in clinic (28/43, 65.1%). CONCLUSIONS Multimodal recruitment achieved target recruitment in a short time period and established a racially diverse cohort to study ovulation and menstruation health. There were greater enrollment and completion rates among those recruited via the internet and community fair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Mahalingaiah
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - J Jojo Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Michael R Winter
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Erika Rodriguez
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Victoria Fruh
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Anna Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - MyMy Nguyen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rashmi Madhavan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pascaline Karanja
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jill MacRae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sai Charan Konanki
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ann Aschengrau
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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25
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Tieskens K, Patil P, Levy JI, Brochu P, Lane KJ, Fabian MP, Carnes F, Haley BM, Spangler KR, Leibler JH. Time-varying associations between COVID-19 case incidence and community-level sociodemographic, occupational, environmental, and mobility risk factors in Massachusetts.. [PMID: 33619475 PMCID: PMC7899469 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-237622/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background: Associations between community-level risk factors and COVID-19 incidence are used to identify vulnerable subpopulations and target interventions, but the variability of these associations over time remains largely unknown. We evaluated variability in the associations between community-level predictors and COVID-19 case incidence in 351 cities and towns in Massachusetts from March to October 2020. Methods: Using publicly available sociodemographic, occupational, environmental, and mobility datasets, we developed mixed-effect, adjusted Poisson regression models to depict associations between these variables and town-level COVID-19 case incidence data across five distinct time periods. We examined town-level demographic variables, including z-scores of percent Black, Latinx, over 80 years and undergraduate students, as well as factors related to occupation, housing density, economic vulnerability, air pollution (PM2.5), and institutional facilities. Results: Associations between key predictor variables and town-level incidence varied across the five time periods. We observed reductions over time in the association with percentage Black residents (IRR=1.12 CI=(1.12–1.13) in spring, IRR=1.01 CI=(1.00–1.01) in fall). The association with number of long-term care facility beds per capita also decreased over time (IRR=1.28 CI=(1.26–1.31) in spring, IRR=1.07 CI=(1.05–1.09)in fall). Controlling for other factors, towns with higher percentages of essential workers experienced elevated incidence of COVID-19 throughout the pandemic (e.g., IRR=1.30 CI=(1.27–1.33) in spring, IRR=1.20, CI=(1.17–1.22) in fall). Towns with higher percentages of Latinx residents also had sustained elevated incidence over time (e.g., IRR=1.19 CI=(1.18–1.21) in spring, IRR=1.14 CI=(1.13–1.15) in fall). Conclusions: Town-level COVID-19 risk factors vary with time. In Massachusetts, racial (but not ethnic) disparities in COVID-19 incidence have decreased over time, perhaps indicating greater success in risk mitigation in selected communities. Our approach can be used to evaluate effectiveness of public health interventions and target specific mitigation efforts on the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Fei Carnes
- Boston University School of Public Health
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26
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Sampson L, Ettman CK, Abdalla SM, Colyer E, Dukes K, Lane KJ, Galea S. Financial hardship and health risk behavior during COVID-19 in a large US national sample of women. SSM Popul Health 2021; 13:100734. [PMID: 33521228 PMCID: PMC7823049 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssmph.2021.100734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
COVID-19 has caused over 300,000 US deaths thus far, but its long-term health consequences are not clear. Policies to contain the pandemic have led to widespread economic problems, which likely increase stress and resulting health risk behaviors, particularly among women, who have been hardest hit both by job loss and caregiving responsibilities. Further, women with pre-existing disadvantage (e.g., those without health insurance) may be most at risk for stress and consequent health risk behavior. Our objective was to estimate the associations between financial stressors from COVID-19 and health risk behavior changes since COVID-19, with potential effect modification by insurance status. We used multilevel logistic regression to assess the relationships between COVID-19-related financial stressors (job loss, decreases in pay, trouble paying bills) and changes in health risk behavior (less exercise, sleep, and healthy eating; more smoking/vaping and drinking alcohol), controlling for both individual-level and zip code-level confounders, among 90,971 US women who completed an online survey in March–April 2020. Almost 40% of women reported one or more COVID-19-related financial stressors. Each financial stressor was significantly associated with higher odds of each type of health risk behavior change. Overall, reporting one or more financial stressors was associated with 56% higher odds (OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.51, 1.60) of reporting two or more health risk behavior changes. This association was even stronger among women with no health insurance (OR = 2.46; 95% CI: 1.97, 3.07). COVID-19-related economic stress is thus linked to shifts in health risk behaviors among women, which may have physical health consequences for years to come. Further, the relationship between financial hardship and health risk behavior among women may be modified by health insurance status, as a marker for broader socioeconomic context and resources. The most socioeconomically vulnerable women are likely at highest risk for long-term health effects of COVID-19 financial consequences. Over 1/3 of women in this study reported COVID-19-related financial stress. Financial stress was associated with higher odds of health risk behavior changes. This relationship was modified by health insurance status among women. These behavior changes may eventually lead to cardiovascular disease. Women who are already more vulnerable are likely at even higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Sampson
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| | - Catherine K. Ettman
- Office of the Dean, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Health Services, Policy and Practice, Brown University School of Public Health, 121 South Main Street, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Salma M. Abdalla
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Elizabeth Colyer
- Sharecare Inc, 255 East Paces Ferry Road North East, Atlanta, GA, 30305, USA
| | - Kimberly Dukes
- Biostatistics and Epidemiology Data Analytics Center, Boston University School of Public Health, 85 East Newton Street, M921, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
| | - Sandro Galea
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
- Office of the Dean, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA, 02118, USA
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Yitshak-Sade M, Fabian MP, Lane KJ, Hart JE, Schwartz JD, Laden F, James P, Fong KC, Kloog I, Zanobetti A. Estimating the Combined Effects of Natural and Built Environmental Exposures on Birthweight among Urban Residents in Massachusetts. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E8805. [PMID: 33260804 PMCID: PMC7731163 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17238805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine growth has health implications both in childhood and adulthood. Birthweight is partially determined by prenatal environmental exposures. We aim to identify important predictors of birthweight out of a set of environmental, built environment exposures, and socioeconomic environment variables during pregnancy (i.e., fine particulate matter (PM2.5), temperature, greenness, walkability, noise, and economic indices). We included all singleton live births of mothers who resided in urban census block-groups and delivered in Massachusetts between 2001 and 2011 (n = 640,659). We used an elastic-net model to select important predictors of birthweight and constructed a multivariate model including the selected predictors, with adjustment for confounders. We additionally used a weighted quantile sum regression to assess the contribution of each exposure to differences in birthweight. All exposures were selected as important predictors of birthweight. In the multivariate model, lower birthweight was significantly associated with lower greenness and with higher temperature, walkability, noise, and segregation of the "high income" group. Treating the exposures individually, nighttime noise had the highest weight in its contribution to lower birthweight. In conclusion, after accounting for individual confounders, maternal environmental exposures, built environment exposures, and socioeconomic environment during pregnancy were important predictors of birthweight, emphasizing the role of these exposures in fetal growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Yitshak-Sade
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA
| | - M. Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.P.F.); (K.J.L.)
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA; (M.P.F.); (K.J.L.)
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.E.H.); (J.D.S.); (F.L.); (P.J.); (K.C.F.); (A.Z.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.E.H.); (J.D.S.); (F.L.); (P.J.); (K.C.F.); (A.Z.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.E.H.); (J.D.S.); (F.L.); (P.J.); (K.C.F.); (A.Z.)
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Peter James
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.E.H.); (J.D.S.); (F.L.); (P.J.); (K.C.F.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kelvin C. Fong
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.E.H.); (J.D.S.); (F.L.); (P.J.); (K.C.F.); (A.Z.)
- School of the Environment, Yale University, New Haven, MA 06511, USA
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel;
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (J.E.H.); (J.D.S.); (F.L.); (P.J.); (K.C.F.); (A.Z.)
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Yitshak-Sade M, Lane KJ, Fabian MP, Kloog I, Hart JE, Davis B, Fong KC, Schwartz JD, Laden F, Zanobetti A. Race or racial segregation? Modification of the PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality association. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236479. [PMID: 32716950 PMCID: PMC7384646 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many studies have identified an inequitable distribution of exposure to PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 microns) by race. We investigated the association of PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality considering both the decedents' race and neighborhood racial composition as potential modifiers. METHODS We obtained geocoded cardiovascular mortality records of all black and white decedents from urban block-groups in Massachusetts between 2001 and 2011 (n = 130,863). We examined the association between PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality, and assessed effect modification by three types of racial modifiers: decedents' race, census block-group percent black and white, and two novel measures of racial segregation. The Racial Residential Segregation (RRS) quantifies the concentration of non-Hispanic blacks and whites in each block-group. The Index of Racial Dissimilarity measures dissimilarity in non-Hispanic black and white racial distribution between the smaller census block-group and larger tract. RESULTS We found a 2.35%(95%CI: 0.92%;3.79%) increase in mortality for each 10μg/m3 increase in two-day average exposure to PM2.5. The effect was modified by the block-group racial composition, with higher risks in block-groups with the highest percentage of black residents (interaction p-value = 0.04), and in block-groups with the lowest RRS (i.e. higher black to white resident ratio, interaction p-value = 0.072). Racial dissimilarity did not modify the associations. CONCLUSION Current levels of PM2.5 are associated with increased cardiovascular deaths in Massachusetts, with different risks between areas with different racial composition and segregation. This suggests that pollution reductions in neighborhoods with the highest percentage of non-Hispanic blacks would be most beneficial in reducing cardiovascular mortality and disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Yitshak-Sade
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - M. Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Brigette Davis
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Kelvin C. Fong
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- School of Forestry & Environmental Sciences, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Francine Laden
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States of America
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States of America
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Fong KC, Yitshak-Sade M, Lane KJ, Fabian MP, Kloog I, Schwartz JD, Coull BA, Koutrakis P, Hart JE, Laden F, Zanobetti A. Racial Disparities in Associations between Neighborhood Demographic Polarization and Birth Weight. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E3076. [PMID: 32354151 PMCID: PMC7246784 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17093076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Neighborhood demographic polarization, or the extent to which a privileged population group outnumbers a deprived group, can affect health by influencing social dynamics. While using birth records from 2001 to 2013 in Massachusetts (n = 629,675), we estimated the effect of two demographic indices, racial residential polarization (RRP) and economic residential polarization (ERP), on birth weight outcomes, which are established predictors of the newborn's future morbidity and mortality risk. Higher RRP and ERP was each associated with higher continuous birth weight and lower odds for low birth weight and small for gestational age, with evidence for effect modification by maternal race. On average, per interquartile range increase in RRP, the birth weight was 10.0 g (95% confidence interval: 8.0, 12.0) higher among babies born to white mothers versus 6.9 g (95% CI: 4.8, 9.0) higher among those born to black mothers. For ERP, it was 18.6 g (95% CI: 15.7, 21.5) higher among those that were born to white mothers versus 1.8 g (95% CI: -4.2, 7.8) higher among those born to black mothers. Racial and economic polarization towards more privileged groups was associated with healthier birth weight outcomes, with greater estimated effects in babies that were born to white mothers than those born to black mothers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin C. Fong
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.-S.); (J.D.S.); (B.A.C.); (P.K.); (J.E.H.); (F.L.); (A.Z.)
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Maayan Yitshak-Sade
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.-S.); (J.D.S.); (B.A.C.); (P.K.); (J.E.H.); (F.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (K.J.L.); (M.P.F.)
| | - M. Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, Boston, MA 02218, USA; (K.J.L.); (M.P.F.)
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, 8410501 Beer Sheva, Israel;
| | - Joel D. Schwartz
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.-S.); (J.D.S.); (B.A.C.); (P.K.); (J.E.H.); (F.L.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Brent A. Coull
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.-S.); (J.D.S.); (B.A.C.); (P.K.); (J.E.H.); (F.L.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Petros Koutrakis
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.-S.); (J.D.S.); (B.A.C.); (P.K.); (J.E.H.); (F.L.); (A.Z.)
| | - Jaime E. Hart
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.-S.); (J.D.S.); (B.A.C.); (P.K.); (J.E.H.); (F.L.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Francine Laden
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.-S.); (J.D.S.); (B.A.C.); (P.K.); (J.E.H.); (F.L.); (A.Z.)
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (M.Y.-S.); (J.D.S.); (B.A.C.); (P.K.); (J.E.H.); (F.L.); (A.Z.)
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Huang K, Bi J, Meng X, Geng G, Lyapustin A, Lane KJ, Gu D, Kinney PL, Liu Y. Estimating daily PM 2.5 concentrations in New York City at the neighborhood-scale: Implications for integrating non-regulatory measurements. Sci Total Environ 2019; 697:134094. [PMID: 32380602 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.134094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 08/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Previous PM2.5 related epidemiological studies mainly relied on data from sparse regulatory monitors to assess exposure. The introduction of non-regulatory PM2.5 monitors presents both opportunities and challenges to researchers and air quality managers. In this study, we evaluated the advantages and limitations of integrating non-regulatory PM2.5 measurements into a satellite-based daily PM2.5 model at 100 m resolution in New York City in 2015. Two separate machine learning models were developed, one using only PM2.5 data from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the other with measurements from both EPA and the New York City Community Air Survey (NYCCAS). The EPA-only model obtained a cross-validation (CV) R2 of 0.85 while the EPA + NYCCAS model obtained a CV R2 of 0.73. With the help of the NYCCAS measurements, the EPA + NYCCAS model predicted distinctly different PM2.5 spatial patterns and more pollution hotspots compared with the EPA model, and its predictions were >15% higher than the EPA model along major roads and in densely populated areas. Our results indicated that satellite AOD and non-regulatory PM2.5 measurements can be fused together to capture neighborhood-scale PM2.5 levels and previous studies may have underestimated the disease burden due to PM2.5 in densely populated areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyong Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China; Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Jianzhao Bi
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Xia Meng
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Guannan Geng
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dongfeng Gu
- Department of Epidemiology, State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Patrick L Kinney
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
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31
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Walker DI, Lane KJ, Liu K, Uppal K, Patton AP, Durant JL, Jones DP, Brugge D, Pennell KD. Metabolomic assessment of exposure to near-highway ultrafine particles. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2019; 29:469-483. [PMID: 30518795 PMCID: PMC6551325 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-018-0102-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to traffic-related air pollutants has been associated with increased risk of adverse cardiopulmonary outcomes and mortality; however, the biochemical pathways linking exposure to disease are not known. To delineate biological response mechanisms associated with exposure to near-highway ultrafine particles (UFP), we used untargeted high-resolution metabolomics to profile plasma from 59 participants enrolled in the Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health (CAFEH) study. Metabolic variations associated with UFP exposure were assessed using a cross-sectional study design based upon low (mean 16,000 particles/cm3) and high (mean 24,000 particles/cm3) annual average UFP exposures. In comparing quantified metabolites, we identified five metabolites that were differentially expressed between low and high exposures, including arginine, aspartic acid, glutamine, cystine and methionine sulfoxide. Analysis of the metabolome identified 316 m/z features associated with UFP, which were consistent with increased lipid peroxidation, endogenous inhibitors of nitric oxide and vehicle exhaust exposure biomarkers. Network correlation analysis and metabolic pathway enrichment identified 38 pathways and included variations related to inflammation, endothelial function and mitochondrial bioenergetics. Taken together, these results suggest UFP exposure is associated with a complex series of metabolic variations related to antioxidant pathways, in vivo generation of reactive oxygen species and processes critical to endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas I Walker
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Environmental Medicine and Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ken Liu
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Karan Uppal
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Dean P Jones
- Clinical Biomarkers Laboratory, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
- Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.
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Yitshak-Sade M, James P, Kloog I, Hart JE, Schwartz JD, Laden F, Lane KJ, Fabian MP, Fong KC, Zanobetti A. Neighborhood Greenness Attenuates the Adverse Effect of PM 2.5 on Cardiovascular Mortality in Neighborhoods of Lower Socioeconomic Status. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E814. [PMID: 30845676 PMCID: PMC6427452 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Features of the environment may modify the effect of particulate matter ≤2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) on health. Therefore, we investigated how neighborhood sociodemographic and land-use characteristics may modify the association between PM2.5 and cardiovascular mortality. We obtained residence-level geocoded cardiovascular mortality cases from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health (n = 179,986), and PM2.5 predictions from a satellite-based model (2001⁻2011). We appended census block group-level information on sociodemographic factors and walkability, and calculated neighborhood greenness within a 250 m buffer surrounding each residence. We found a 2.54% (1.34%; 3.74%) increase in cardiovascular mortality associated with a 10 µg/m³ increase in two-day average PM2.5. Walkability or greenness did not modify the association. However, when stratifying by neighborhood sociodemographic characteristics, smaller PM2.5 effects were observed in greener areas only among cases who resided in neighborhoods with a higher population density and lower percentages of white residents or residents with a high school diploma. In conclusion, the PM2.5 effects on cardiovascular mortality were attenuated by higher greenness only in areas with sociodemographic features that are highly correlated with lower socioeconomic status. Previous evidence suggests health benefits linked to neighborhood greenness may be stronger among lower socioeconomic groups. Attenuation of the PM2.5⁻mortality relationship due to greenness may explain some of this evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maayan Yitshak-Sade
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Peter James
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Itai Kloog
- Department of Geography and Environmental Development, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 8410501, Israel.
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Joel D Schwartz
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Francine Laden
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - M Patricia Fabian
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kelvin C Fong
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
| | - Antonella Zanobetti
- Exposure, Epidemiology, and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02215, USA.
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Thanikachalam M, Fuller CH, Lane KJ, Sunderarajan J, Harivanzan V, Brugge D, Thanikachalam S. Urban environment as an independent predictor of insulin resistance in a South Asian population. Int J Health Geogr 2019; 18:5. [PMID: 30755210 PMCID: PMC6373002 DOI: 10.1186/s12942-019-0169-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developing countries, such as India, are experiencing rapid urbanization, which may have a major impact on the environment: including worsening air and water quality, noise and the problems of waste disposal. We used health data from an ongoing cohort study based in southern India to examine the relationship between the urban environment and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Methods We utilized three metrics of urbanization: distance from urban center; population density in the India Census; and satellite-based land cover. Restricted to participants without diabetes (N = 6350); we built logistic regression models adjusted for traditional risk factors to test the association between urban environment and HOMA-IR. Results In adjusted models, residing within 0–20 km of the urban center was associated with an odds ratio for HOMA-IR of 1.79 (95% CI 1.39, 2.29) for females and 2.30 (95% CI 1.64, 3.22) for males compared to residing in the furthest 61–80 km distance group. Similar statistically significant results were identified using the other metrics. Conclusions We identified associations between urban environment and HOMA-IR in a cohort of adults. These associations were robust using various metrics of urbanization and adjustment for individual predictors. Our results are of public health concern due to the global movement of large numbers of people from rural to urban areas and the already large burden of diabetes. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12942-019-0169-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Thanikachalam
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
| | - Christina H Fuller
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Georgia State University School of Public Health, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.,Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, MA, USA.,Jonathan M. Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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Son JY, Lee JT, Lane KJ, Bell ML. Impacts of high temperature on adverse birth outcomes in Seoul, Korea: Disparities by individual- and community-level characteristics. Environ Res 2019; 168:460-466. [PMID: 30396130 PMCID: PMC6263858 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/22/2018] [Accepted: 10/27/2018] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies have examined temperature's effect on adverse birth outcomes and relevant effect modifiers. OBJECTIVES We investigated associations between heat and adverse birth outcomes and how individual and community characteristics affect these associations for Seoul, Korea, 2004-2012. METHODS We applied logistic regression to estimate associations between heat index during pregnancy, 4 weeks before delivery, and 1 week before delivery and risk of preterm birth and term low birth weight. We investigated effect modification by individual (infant's sex, mother's age, and mother's educational level) and community characteristics (socioeconomic status (SES) and percentage of green areas near residence at the gu level, which is similar to borough in Western countries). We also evaluated associations by combinations of individual- and community-level SES. RESULTS Heat exposure during whole pregnancy was significantly associated with risk of preterm birth. An interquartile (IQR) increase (5.5 °C) in heat index during whole pregnancy was associated with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.033 (95% CI 1.005, 1.061) with NO2 adjustment, and 1.028 (95% CI 0.998, 1.059) with PM10 adjustment, for preterm birth. We also found significant associations with heat exposure during 4 weeks before delivery and 1 week before delivery on preterm birth. We did not observe significant associations with term low birth weight. Higher risk of heat on preterm birth was associated with some individual characteristics such as infants with younger or older mothers and lower community-level SES. For combinations of individual- and community-level SES, the highest and most significant estimated effect was found for infants with low educated mothers living in low SES communities, with suggestions of effects of both individual-and community-level SES. CONCLUSIONS Our findings have implications for evaluating impacts of high temperatures on birth outcomes, estimating health impacts of climate change, and identifying which subpopulations and factors are most relevant for disparities in this association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Son
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, CT, USA.
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Boston University, MA, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, CT, USA
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Corlin L, Lane KJ, Sunderarajan J, Chui KKH, Vijayakumar H, Krakoff L, Chandrasekaran A, Thanikachalam S, Brugge D, Thanikachalam M. Urbanization as a risk factor for aortic stiffness in a cohort in India. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201036. [PMID: 30067798 PMCID: PMC6070252 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Urbanization is associated with higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease worldwide. Aortic stiffness, as measured by carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity is a validated predictor of cardiovascular disease. Our objective was to determine the association between urbanization and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. The analysis included 6166 participants enrolled in an ongoing population-based study (mean age 42 years; 58% female) who live in an 80 × 80 km region of southern India. Multiple measures of urbanization were used and compared: 1) census designations, 2) satellite derived land cover (crops, grass, shrubs or trees as rural; built-up areas as urban), and 3) distance categories based on proximity to an urban center. The association between urbanization and carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity was tested in sex-stratified linear regression models. People residing in urban areas had significantly (p < 0.05) elevated mean carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity compared to non-urban populations after adjustment for other risk factors. There was also an inverse association between distance from the urban center and mean carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity: each 10 km increase in distance was associated with a decrease in mean carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity of 0.07 m/s (95% CI: -0.09, -0.06 m/s). The association was stronger among older participants, among smokers, and among those with other cardiovascular risk factors. Further research is needed to determine which components in the urban environment are associated with higher carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Corlin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Kenneth K. H. Chui
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | | | - Lawrence Krakoff
- Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University School of Engineering, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Tisch College of Civic Life, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Mohan Thanikachalam
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mahalingaiah S, Lane KJ, Kim C, Cheng JJ, Hart JE. Impacts of Air Pollution on Gynecologic Disease: Infertility, Menstrual Irregularity, Uterine Fibroids, and Endometriosis: a Systematic Review and Commentary. CURR EPIDEMIOL REP 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s40471-018-0157-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lane KJ, Stokes EC, Seto KC, Thanikachalam S, Thanikachalam M, Bell ML. Associations between Greenness, Impervious Surface Area, and Nighttime Lights on Biomarkers of Vascular Aging in Chennai, India. Environ Health Perspect 2017; 125:087003. [PMID: 28886599 PMCID: PMC5783666 DOI: 10.1289/ehp541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Revised: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND India is undergoing rapid urbanization with simultaneous increases in the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD). As urban areas become home to an increasing share of the world's population, it is important to understand relationships between the built environment and progression towards CVD. OBJECTIVE We assessed associations between multiple measures of the built environment and biomarkers of early vascular aging (EVA) in the Population Study of Urban, Rural and Semiurban Regions for the Detection of Endovascular Disease and Prevalence of Risk Factors and Holistic Intervention Study (PURSE-HIS) in Chennai, India. METHODS We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 3,150 study participants. EVA biomarkers included systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP), central pulse pressure (cPP) and flow-mediated dilatation (FMD). Multiple approaches were used to assign residential exposure to factors of the built environment: Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS)-derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), a measure of vegetation health and greenness; Landsat-derived impervious surface area (ISA); and Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS)-derived nighttime lights (NTL). Multivariable regression models were used to assess associations between each built environment measure and biomarkers of EVA, adjusting for age, body mass index (BMI), cooking fuel type, energy intake, sex, physical activity, smoking, socioeconomic status, and stress. RESULTS Residing in areas with higher ISA or NTL, or lower greenness, was significantly associated with elevated SBP, DBP, and cPP, and with lower FMD, adjusting for age, BMI, sex, smoking status, and other CVD risk factors. An interquartile range decrease in greenness had the largest increase in SBP [4.3 mmHg (95% CI: 2.9, 5.6)], DBP [1.2 mmHg (95% CI: 0.4, 2.0)] and cPP [3.1 mmHg (95% CI: 2.0, 4.1)], and the largest decrease in FMD [-1.5% (95%CI: -2.2%, -0.9%]. CONCLUSION Greenness, ISA, and NTL were associated with increased SBP, DBP, and cPP, and with reduced FMD, suggesting a possible additional EVA pathway for the relationship between urbanization and increased CVD prevalence in urban India. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP541.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Lane
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Eleanor C Stokes
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Karen C Seto
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Mohan Thanikachalam
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University , New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Son JY, Lane KJ, Lee JT, Bell ML. Urban vegetation and heat-related mortality in Seoul, Korea. Environ Res 2016; 151:728-733. [PMID: 27644031 PMCID: PMC5071166 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2016.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Urban areas are particularly vulnerable to heat-related health outcomes. Simultaneous trends of climate change and urbanization may increase the urban heat-related health burden. We investigated the effects of urban vegetation on heat-related mortality, and evaluated whether different levels of vegetation and individuals' characteristics affect the temperature-mortality associations within Seoul, Korea 2000-2009. We used Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) to assess the urban vegetation within Seoul. We applied an overdispersed Poisson generalized linear model with interaction term between temperature and indicator of NDVI group (categorized in 3 levels) to assess the effect modification of the temperature-mortality association by urban vegetation. We conducted stratified analysis to explore whether associations are affected by individual characteristics of sex and age. The association between total mortality and a 1°C increase in temperature above the 90th percentile (25.1°C) (the "heat effect") was the highest for gus with low NDVI. The heat effect was a 4.1% (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.3, 5.9%), 3.0% (95% CI 0.2, 5.9%), and 2.2% (95% CI -0.5, 5.0%) increase in mortality risk for low, medium, and high NDVI group, respectively. Estimated risks showed similar effects by sex and age. Our findings suggest a higher mortality effect of high temperature in areas with lower vegetation in Seoul, Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Son
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, CT, USA
| | - Kevin J Lane
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, CT, USA
| | - Jong-Tae Lee
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Health Science, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Michelle L Bell
- School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, Yale University, CT, USA.
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Lane KJ, Levy JI, Scammell MK, Peters JL, Patton AP, Reisner E, Lowe L, Zamore W, Durant JL, Brugge D. Association of modeled long-term personal exposure to ultrafine particles with inflammatory and coagulation biomarkers. Environ Int 2016; 92-93:173-82. [PMID: 27107222 PMCID: PMC4902720 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2015] [Revised: 03/13/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to fine particulate matter has been linked to cardiovascular disease and systemic inflammatory responses; however, evidence is limited regarding the effects of long-term exposure to ultrafine particulate matter (UFP, <100nm). We used a cross-sectional study design to examine the association of long-term exposure to near-highway UFP with measures of systemic inflammation and coagulation. METHODS We analyzed blood samples from 408 individuals aged 40-91years living in three near-highway and three urban background areas in and near Boston, Massachusetts. We conducted mobile monitoring of particle number concentration (PNC) in each area, and used the data to develop and validate highly resolved spatiotemporal (hourly, 20m) PNC regression models. These models were linked with participant time-activity data to determine individual time-activity adjusted (TAA) annual average PNC exposures. Multivariable regression modeling and stratification were used to assess the association between TAA-PNC and single peripheral blood measures of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor-necrosis factor alpha receptor II (TNFRII) and fibrinogen. RESULTS After adjusting for age, sex, education, body mass index, smoking and race/ethnicity, an interquartile-range (10,000particles/cm(3)) increase in TAA-PNC had a positive non-significant association with a 14.0% (95% CI: -4.6%, 36.2%) positive difference in hsCRP, an 8.9% (95% CI: -0.4%, 10.9%) positive difference in IL-6, and a 5.1% (95% CI: -0.4%, 10.9%) positive difference in TNFRII. Stratification by race/ethnicity revealed that TAA-PNC had larger effect estimates for all three inflammatory markers and was significantly associated with hsCRP and TNFRII in white non-Hispanic, but not East Asian participants. Fibrinogen had a negative non-significant association with TAA-PNC. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest an association between annual average near-highway TAA-PNC and subclinical inflammatory markers of CVD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Yale University School of Forestry & Environmental Studies, 195 Prospect Street, New Haven, CT, United States.
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Madeleine K Scammell
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Junenette L Peters
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Allison P Patton
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Ellin Reisner
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA, United States
| | - Lydia Lowe
- Chinese Progressive Association, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wig Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA, United States
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, United States; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States; Jonathan M. Tisch College of Citizenship and Public Service
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Lane KJ, Levy JI, Scammell MK, Patton AP, Durant JL, Mwamburi M, Zamore W, Brugge D. Effect of time-activity adjustment on exposure assessment for traffic-related ultrafine particles. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2015; 25:506-16. [PMID: 25827314 PMCID: PMC4542140 DOI: 10.1038/jes.2015.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2014] [Revised: 01/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Exposures to ultrafine particles (<100 nm, estimated as particle number concentration, PNC) differ from ambient concentrations because of the spatial and temporal variability of both PNC and people. Our goal was to evaluate the influence of time-activity adjustment on exposure assignment and associations with blood biomarkers for a near-highway population. A regression model based on mobile monitoring and spatial and temporal variables was used to generate hourly ambient residential PNC for a full year for a subset of participants (n=140) in the Community Assessment of Freeway Exposure and Health study. We modified the ambient estimates for each hour using personal estimates of hourly time spent in five micro-environments (inside home, outside home, at work, commuting, other) as well as particle infiltration. Time-activity adjusted (TAA)-PNC values differed from residential ambient annual average (RAA)-PNC, with lower exposures predicted for participants who spent more time away from home. Employment status and distance to highway had a differential effect on TAA-PNC. We found associations of RAA-PNC with high sensitivity C-reactive protein and Interleukin-6, although exposure-response functions were non-monotonic. TAA-PNC associations had larger effect estimates and linear exposure-response functions. Our findings suggest that time-activity adjustment improves exposure assessment for air pollutants that vary greatly in space and time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Lane
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, Yale University, 195 Prospect Street., New Haven, CT 06511, USA. Tel.: +1 781 696 4537. Fax: +1 617 638 4857. E-mail:
| | - Jonathan I Levy
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Madeleine Kangsen Scammell
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison P Patton
- Rutgers Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - John L Durant
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mkaya Mwamburi
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Wig Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Lane KJ, Kangsen Scammell M, Levy JI, Fuller CH, Parambi R, Zamore W, Mwamburi M, Brugge D. Positional error and time-activity patterns in near-highway proximity studies: an exposure misclassification analysis. Environ Health 2013; 12:75. [PMID: 24010639 PMCID: PMC3907019 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-12-75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The growing interest in research on the health effects of near-highway air pollutants requires an assessment of potential sources of error in exposure assignment techniques that rely on residential proximity to roadways. METHODS We compared the amount of positional error in the geocoding process for three different data sources (parcels, TIGER and StreetMap USA) to a "gold standard" residential geocoding process that used ortho-photos, large multi-building parcel layouts or large multi-unit building floor plans. The potential effect of positional error for each geocoding method was assessed as part of a proximity to highway epidemiological study in the Boston area, using all participants with complete address information (N = 703). Hourly time-activity data for the most recent workday/weekday and non-workday/weekend were collected to examine time spent in five different micro-environments (inside of home, outside of home, school/work, travel on highway, and other). Analysis included examination of whether time-activity patterns were differentially distributed either by proximity to highway or across demographic groups. RESULTS Median positional error was significantly higher in street network geocoding (StreetMap USA = 23 m; TIGER = 22 m) than parcel geocoding (8 m). When restricted to multi-building parcels and large multi-unit building parcels, all three geocoding methods had substantial positional error (parcels = 24 m; StreetMap USA = 28 m; TIGER = 37 m). Street network geocoding also differentially introduced greater amounts of positional error in the proximity to highway study in the 0-50 m proximity category. Time spent inside home on workdays/weekdays differed significantly by demographic variables (age, employment status, educational attainment, income and race). Time-activity patterns were also significantly different when stratified by proximity to highway, with those participants residing in the 0-50 m proximity category reporting significantly more time in the school/work micro-environment on workdays/weekdays than all other distance groups. CONCLUSIONS These findings indicate the potential for both differential and non-differential exposure misclassification due to geocoding error and time-activity patterns in studies of highway proximity. We also propose a multi-stage manual correction process to minimize positional error. Additional research is needed in other populations and geographic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin J Lane
- Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ron Parambi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Mass General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Wig Zamore
- Somerville Transportation Equity Partnership, Somerville, MA, USA
| | | | - Doug Brugge
- Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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Brugge D, Lane KJ, Stewart A, Tai AK, Woodin M. Highway proximity associations with blood markers of inflammation: evidence for a role for IL-1β. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2013; 76:201-5. [PMID: 23356649 PMCID: PMC4517179 DOI: 10.1080/15287394.2013.752325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is known to be associated with proximity to major roadways and highways. Thus, blood samples from 20 near highway and 20 urban background residents were analyzed for presence of cytokines and other biomarkers. Near-highway participants displayed significantly lower socioeconomic status (SES) and significantly higher occupational vehicle exhaust exposure and higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels. Controlling for exposure to vehicle exhaust on the job, interleukin-6 (IL-6) was numerically higher in near highway participants. Using logistic regression analyses, IL-1β was significantly elevated near highway. It is interesting that elevations were found in IL-1β, a key cytokine linked to inflammation from particulate matter (PM). More studies are needed with larger sample sizes to assess the possible role of IL-1β.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doug Brugge
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Ave., Boston MA 02111, V: 617 636 0326
| | - Kevin J. Lane
- Department of Environmental Health, Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston MA, 02118
| | - Andrea Stewart
- College of Arts and Sciences, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Albert K Tai
- Department of Pathology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Ave., Boston MA 02111
| | - Mark Woodin
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tufts School of Engineering, Anderson Hall, Medford, MA 02155
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Lum BL, Lane KJ, Synold TW, Goram A, Charnick SB, Sikic BI. Validation of a limited sampling model to determine etoposide area under the curve. Pharmacotherapy 1997; 17:887-90. [PMID: 9324178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVE To validate the utility of a previously reported 3-point limited sampling model (LSM) for determining etoposide area under the curve to infinity (AUC(infinity)). DESIGN Secondary analysis of data from two clinical trials of etoposide. SETTING University medical center clinical research center. PATIENTS Thirty-four patients with different malignancies. INTERVENTIONS Etoposide was administered as a 2-hour infusion to 34 patients. Serial plasma samples were drawn over 24 hours after the infusion and analyzed for etoposide by high-performance liquid chromatography. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS The 3-point LSM AUC was compared with a 14-point actual AUC calculated by the linear trapezoidal rule. Actual and predicted AUC(infinity) by the LSM were highly correlated (r=0.97, p<0.0001). The LSM predictions had a mean absolute error of 10.9% (95% CI -14.1, -5.3) and a mean error of -9.7% (95% CI 6.9, 14.9). Nine patients with poor AUC(infinity) estimations by the LSM (error > 12%) tended to have abnormally low or high peak concentrations. CONCLUSION Our findings suggest the development of more robust LSM using other techniques, such as pharmacostatistical models, that can accommodate a greater degree of pharmacokinetic variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Lum
- Division of Oncology and Clinical Pharmacology, Stanford University School of Medicine, California 94037, USA
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