1
|
Tolksdorf B, Heinze J, Niemeyer D, Röhrs V, Berg J, Drosten C, Kurreck J. Development of a highly stable, active small interfering RNA with broad activity against SARS-CoV viruses. Antiviral Res 2024; 226:105879. [PMID: 38599550 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2024.105879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Treatment options for COVID-19 remain limited. Here, we report the optimization of an siRNA targeting the highly conserved leader region of SARS-CoV-2. The siRNA was rendered nuclease resistant by the introduction of modified nucleotides without loss of activity. Importantly, the siRNA also retained its inhibitory activity against the emerged omicron sublineage variant BA.2, which occurred after the siRNA was designed and is resistant to other antiviral agents such as antibodies. In addition, we show that a second highly active siRNA designed against the viral 5'-UTR can be applied as a rescue molecule, to minimize the spread of escape mutations. We therefore consider our siRNA-based molecules to be promising broadly active candidates for the treatment of current and future SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Tolksdorf
- Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Julian Heinze
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Viola Röhrs
- Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Johanna Berg
- Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Chair of Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bosquillon de Jarcy L, Akbil B, Mhlekude B, Leyens J, Postmus D, Harnisch G, Jansen J, Schmidt ML, Aigner A, Pott F, Chua RL, Krist L, Gentile R, Mühlemann B, Jones TC, Niemeyer D, Fricke J, Keil T, Pischon T, Janke J, Conrad C, Iacobelli S, Drosten C, Corman VM, Ralser M, Eils R, Kurth F, Sander L, Goffinet C. 90K/LGALS3BP expression is upregulated in COVID-19 but may not restrict SARS-CoV-2 infection. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:3689-3700. [PMID: 37162650 PMCID: PMC10170455 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01077-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glycoprotein 90K, encoded by the interferon-stimulated gene LGALS3BP, displays broad antiviral activity. It reduces HIV-1 infectivity by interfering with Env maturation and virion incorporation, and increases survival of Influenza A virus-infected mice via antiviral innate immune signaling. Its antiviral potential in SARS-CoV-2 infection remains largely unknown. Here, we analyzed the expression of 90K/LGALS3BP in 44 hospitalized COVID-19 patients at multiple levels. We quantified 90K protein concentrations in serum and PBMCs as well as LGALS3BP mRNA levels. Complementary, we analyzed two single cell RNA-sequencing datasets for expression of LGALS3BP in respiratory specimens and PBMCs from COVID-19 patients. Finally, we analyzed the potential of 90K to interfere with SARS-CoV-2 infection of HEK293T/ACE2, Calu-3 and Caco-2 cells using authentic virus. 90K protein serum concentrations were significantly elevated in COVID-19 patients compared to uninfected sex- and age-matched controls. Furthermore, PBMC-associated concentrations of 90K protein were overall reduced by SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo, suggesting enhanced secretion into the extracellular space. Mining of published PBMC scRNA-seq datasets uncovered monocyte-specific induction of LGALS3BP mRNA expression in COVID-19 patients. In functional assays, neither 90K overexpression in susceptible cell lines nor exogenous addition of purified 90K consistently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our data suggests that 90K/LGALS3BP contributes to the global type I IFN response during SARS-CoV-2 infection in vivo without displaying detectable antiviral properties in vitro.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laure Bosquillon de Jarcy
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 , Berlin, Germany
- Speciality Network: Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Bengisu Akbil
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 , Berlin, Germany
| | - Baxolele Mhlekude
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 , Berlin, Germany
| | - Johanna Leyens
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dylan Postmus
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 , Berlin, Germany
| | - Greta Harnisch
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie L Schmidt
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Aigner
- Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pott
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 , Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Lorenz Chua
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lilian Krist
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terence C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Zoology, Centre for Pathogen Evolution, University of Cambridge, Downing St., Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Associated Partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Fricke
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Keil
- Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Epidemiology and Biometry, University of Würzburg, Josef-Schneiderstr. 2, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
- State Institute of Health, Bavarian Health and Food Safety Authority, Eggenreuther Weg 43, 91058, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tobias Pischon
- Molecular Epidemiology Research Group, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Biobank Technology Platform, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
- Core Facility Biobank, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10178, Berlin, Germany
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janke
- Biobank Technology Platform, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), 13125, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Associated Partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Associated Partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Ralser
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Molecular Biology of Metabolism Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, NW11AT, UK
| | - Roland Eils
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 , Berlin, Germany
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392, Gießen, Germany
- Health Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital and BioQuant, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Speciality Network: Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, 20359, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, University Medical Center, Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20251, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Leif Sander
- Speciality Network: Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 35392, Gießen, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 , Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mhlekude B, Postmus D, Stenzel S, Weiner J, Jansen J, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Olmer R, Richter A, Heinze J, Heinemann N, Mühlemann B, Schroeder S, Jones TC, Müller MA, Drosten C, Pich A, Thiel V, Martin U, Niemeyer D, Gerold G, Beule D, Goffinet C. Pharmacological inhibition of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins induces an NRF-2-mediated antiviral state that is subverted by SARS-CoV-2 infection. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011657. [PMID: 37747932 PMCID: PMC10629670 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibitors of bromodomain and extra-terminal proteins (iBETs), including JQ-1, have been suggested as potential prophylactics against SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, molecular mechanisms underlying JQ-1-mediated antiviral activity and its susceptibility to viral subversion remain incompletely understood. Pretreatment of cells with iBETs inhibited infection by SARS-CoV-2 variants and SARS-CoV, but not MERS-CoV. The antiviral activity manifested itself by reduced reporter expression of recombinant viruses, and reduced viral RNA quantities and infectious titers in the culture supernatant. While we confirmed JQ-1-mediated downregulation of expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs), multi-omics analysis addressing the chromatin accessibility, transcriptome and proteome uncovered induction of an antiviral nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF-2)-mediated cytoprotective response as an additional mechanism through which JQ-1 inhibits SARS-CoV-2 replication. Pharmacological inhibition of NRF-2, and knockdown of NRF-2 and its target genes reduced JQ-1-mediated inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 replication. Serial passaging of SARS-CoV-2 in the presence of JQ-1 resulted in predominance of ORF6-deficient variant, which exhibited resistance to JQ-1 and increased sensitivity to exogenously administered type I interferon (IFN-I), suggesting a minimised need for SARS-CoV-2 ORF6-mediated repression of IFN signalling in the presence of JQ-1. Importantly, JQ-1 exhibited a transient antiviral activity when administered prophylactically in human airway bronchial epithelial cells (hBAECs), which was gradually subverted by SARS-CoV-2, and no antiviral activity when administered therapeutically following an established infection. We propose that JQ-1 exerts pleiotropic effects that collectively induce an antiviral state in the host, which is ultimately nullified by SARS-CoV-2 infection, raising questions about the clinical suitability of the iBETs in the context of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Baxolele Mhlekude
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Virology and Innate Immunity Research Group, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
- Institute of Genetics, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Dylan Postmus
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Stenzel
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - January Weiner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Zapatero-Belinchón
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH—Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Heinze
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heinemann
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schroeder
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C. Jones
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marcel A. Müller
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Pich
- Institute of Toxicology, Hannover Medical School, Core Facility Proteomics, Hannover, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH—Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research; a joint venture between the Hannover Medical School and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Tropical Disease Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vierbaum L, Wojtalewicz N, Grunert HP, Zimmermann A, Scholz A, Goseberg S, Kaiser P, Duehring U, Drosten C, Corman V, Niemeyer D, Rabenau HF, Obermeier M, Nitsche A, Michel J, Puyskens A, Huggett JF, O'Sullivan DM, Busby E, Cowen S, Vallone PM, Cleveland MH, Falak S, Kummrow A, Schellenberg I, Zeichhardt H, Kammel M. Results of German external quality assessment schemes for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection. Sci Rep 2023; 13:13206. [PMID: 37580353 PMCID: PMC10425338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-40330-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic illustrated the important role of diagnostic tests, including lateral flow tests (LFTs), in identifying patients and their contacts to slow the spread of infections. INSTAND performed external quality assessments (EQA) for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection with lyophilized and chemically inactivated cell culture supernatant of SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero cells. A pre-study demonstrated the suitability of the material. Participants reported qualitative and/or quantitative antigen results using either LFTs or automated immunoassays for five EQA samples per survey. 711 data sets were reported for LFT detection in three surveys in 2021. This evaluation focused on the analytical sensitivity of different LFTs and automated immunoassays. The inter-laboratory results showed at least 94% correct results for non-variant of concern (VOC) SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection for viral loads of ≥ 4.75 × 106 copies/mL and SARS-CoV-2 negative samples. Up to 85% had success for a non-VOC viral load of ~ 1.60 × 106 copies/mL. A viral load of ~ 1.42 × 107 copies/mL of the Delta VOC was reported positive in > 96% of results. A high specificity was found with almost 100% negative SARS-CoV-2 antigen results for HCoV 229E and HCoV NL63 positive samples. Quantitative results correlated with increasing SARS-CoV-2 viral load but showed a broad scatter. This study shows promising SARS-CoV-2 antigen test performance of the participating laboratories, but further investigations with the now predominant Omicron VOC are needed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vierbaum
- INSTAND E.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223, Düsseldorf, Germany.
| | - Nathalie Wojtalewicz
- INSTAND E.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Hans-Peter Grunert
- GBD Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Diagnostik mbH, Berlin, Potsdamer Chaussee 80, 14129, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anika Zimmermann
- IQVD GmbH, Institut für Qualitätssicherung in der Virusdiagnostik, Berlin, Potsdamer Chaussee 80, 14129, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annemarie Scholz
- IQVD GmbH, Institut für Qualitätssicherung in der Virusdiagnostik, Berlin, Potsdamer Chaussee 80, 14129, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabine Goseberg
- INSTAND E.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patricia Kaiser
- INSTAND E.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ulf Duehring
- GBD Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Diagnostik mbH, Berlin, Potsdamer Chaussee 80, 14129, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger F Rabenau
- Institute of Virology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Obermeier
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hessen, Germany
| | | | - Janine Michel
- Robert Koch Institute, Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Puyskens
- Robert Koch Institute, Highly Pathogenic Viruses, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, WHO Reference Laboratory for SARS-CoV-2 and WHO Collaborating Centre for Emerging Infections and Biological Threats, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jim F Huggett
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
- School of Biosciences and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, University of Surrey, Guildford, UK
| | | | - Eloise Busby
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Simon Cowen
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, UK
| | - Peter M Vallone
- NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Genetics Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Megan H Cleveland
- NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Genetics Group, Biomolecular Measurement Division, Materials Measurement Laboratory, Gaithersburg, MD, USA
| | - Samreen Falak
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Ingo Schellenberg
- INSTAND E.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences, Center of Life Sciences, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Heinz Zeichhardt
- INSTAND E.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223, Düsseldorf, Germany
- IQVD GmbH, Institut für Qualitätssicherung in der Virusdiagnostik, Berlin, Potsdamer Chaussee 80, 14129, Berlin, Germany
- GBD Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Diagnostik mbH, Berlin, Potsdamer Chaussee 80, 14129, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kammel
- INSTAND E.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Ubierstr. 20, 40223, Düsseldorf, Germany
- IQVD GmbH, Institut für Qualitätssicherung in der Virusdiagnostik, Berlin, Potsdamer Chaussee 80, 14129, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Nouailles G, Adler JM, Pennitz P, Peidli S, Teixeira Alves LG, Baumgardt M, Bushe J, Voss A, Langenhagen A, Langner C, Martin Vidal R, Pott F, Kazmierski J, Ebenig A, Lange MV, Mühlebach MD, Goekeri C, Simmons S, Xing N, Abdelgawad A, Herwig S, Cichon G, Niemeyer D, Drosten C, Goffinet C, Landthaler M, Blüthgen N, Wu H, Witzenrath M, Gruber AD, Praktiknjo SD, Osterrieder N, Wyler E, Kunec D, Trimpert J. Live-attenuated vaccine sCPD9 elicits superior mucosal and systemic immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants in hamsters. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:860-874. [PMID: 37012419 PMCID: PMC10159847 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01352-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
Vaccines play a critical role in combating the COVID-19 pandemic. Future control of the pandemic requires improved vaccines with high efficacy against newly emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and the ability to reduce virus transmission. Here we compare immune responses and preclinical efficacy of the mRNA vaccine BNT162b2, the adenovirus-vectored spike vaccine Ad2-spike and the live-attenuated virus vaccine candidate sCPD9 in Syrian hamsters, using both homogeneous and heterologous vaccination regimens. Comparative vaccine efficacy was assessed by employing readouts from virus titrations to single-cell RNA sequencing. Our results show that sCPD9 vaccination elicited the most robust immunity, including rapid viral clearance, reduced tissue damage, fast differentiation of pre-plasmablasts, strong systemic and mucosal humoral responses, and rapid recall of memory T cells from lung tissue after challenge with heterologous SARS-CoV-2. Overall, our results demonstrate that live-attenuated vaccines offer advantages over currently available COVID-19 vaccines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Nouailles
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia M Adler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Pennitz
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Peidli
- Institute of Pathology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Institute for Biology, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Luiz Gustavo Teixeira Alves
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Morris Baumgardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bushe
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Voss
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Alina Langenhagen
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Fabian Pott
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kazmierski
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Aileen Ebenig
- Product Testing of IVMPs, Division of Veterinary Medicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Mona V Lange
- Product Testing of IVMPs, Division of Veterinary Medicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Michael D Mühlebach
- Product Testing of IVMPs, Division of Veterinary Medicines, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Gießen-Marburg-Langen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Cengiz Goekeri
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, Cyprus International University, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Szandor Simmons
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Na Xing
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Azza Abdelgawad
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Herwig
- Department of Gynecology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Günter Cichon
- Department of Gynecology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB) Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), and Institute for Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nils Blüthgen
- Institute of Pathology Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Institute for Biology, IRI Life Sciences, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Haibo Wu
- School of Life Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Institut für Tierpathologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Nikolaus Osterrieder
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dusan Kunec
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Xie Q, Bozzo CP, Eiben L, Noettger S, Kmiec D, Nchioua R, Niemeyer D, Volcic M, Lee JH, Zech F, Sparrer KM, Drosten C, Kirchhoff F. Endogenous IFITMs boost SARS-Coronavirus 1 and 2 replication while overexpression inhibits infection by relocalizing ACE2. iScience 2023; 26:106395. [PMID: 36968088 PMCID: PMC10009997 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Opposing effects of interferon-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs 1, 2 and 3) on SARS-CoV-2 infection have been reported. The reasons for this are unclear and the role of IFITMs in infection of other human coronaviruses (hCoVs) remains poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that endogenous expression of IFITM2 and/or IFITM3 is critical for efficient replication of SARS-CoV-1, SARS-CoV-2 and hCoV-OC43 but has little effect on MERS-, NL63-and 229E-hCoVs. In contrast, overexpression of IFITMs inhibits all these hCoVs, and the corresponding spike-containing pseudo-particles, except OC43, which is enhanced by IFITM3. We further demonstrate that overexpression of IFITMs impairs cell surface expression of ACE2 representing the entry receptor of SARS-CoVs and hCoV-NL63 but not hCoV-OC43. Our results explain the inhibitory effects of artificial IFITM overexpression on ACE2-tropic SARS-CoVs and show that three hCoVs, including major causative agents of severe respiratory disease, hijack IFITMs for efficient infection of human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qinya Xie
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Laura Eiben
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sabrina Noettger
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Dorota Kmiec
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Rayhane Nchioua
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Meta Volcic
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jung-Hyun Lee
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Fabian Zech
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Centre, 89081 Ulm, Germany
- Corresponding author
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Hönzke K, Obermayer B, Mache C, Fatykhova D, Kessler M, Dökel S, Wyler E, Baumgardt M, Löwa A, Hoffmann K, Graff P, Schulze J, Mieth M, Hellwig K, Demir Z, Biere B, Brunotte L, Mecate-Zambrano A, Bushe J, Dohmen M, Hinze C, Elezkurtaj S, Tönnies M, Bauer TT, Eggeling S, Tran HL, Schneider P, Neudecker J, Rückert JC, Schmidt-Ott KM, Busch J, Klauschen F, Horst D, Radbruch H, Radke J, Heppner F, Corman VM, Niemeyer D, Müller MA, Goffinet C, Mothes R, Pascual-Reguant A, Hauser AE, Beule D, Landthaler M, Ludwig S, Suttorp N, Witzenrath M, Gruber AD, Drosten C, Sander LE, Wolff T, Hippenstiel S, Hocke AC. Human lungs show limited permissiveness for SARS-CoV-2 due to scarce ACE2 levels but virus-induced expansion of inflammatory macrophages. Eur Respir J 2022; 60:2102725. [PMID: 35728978 PMCID: PMC9712848 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.02725-2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) utilises the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) transmembrane peptidase as cellular entry receptor. However, whether SARS-CoV-2 in the alveolar compartment is strictly ACE2-dependent and to what extent virus-induced tissue damage and/or direct immune activation determines early pathogenesis is still elusive. METHODS Spectral microscopy, single-cell/-nucleus RNA sequencing or ACE2 "gain-of-function" experiments were applied to infected human lung explants and adult stem cell derived human lung organoids to correlate ACE2 and related host factors with SARS-CoV-2 tropism, propagation, virulence and immune activation compared to SARS-CoV, influenza and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) autopsy material was used to validate ex vivo results. RESULTS We provide evidence that alveolar ACE2 expression must be considered scarce, thereby limiting SARS-CoV-2 propagation and virus-induced tissue damage in the human alveolus. Instead, ex vivo infected human lungs and COVID-19 autopsy samples showed that alveolar macrophages were frequently positive for SARS-CoV-2. Single-cell/-nucleus transcriptomics further revealed nonproductive virus uptake and a related inflammatory and anti-viral activation, especially in "inflammatory alveolar macrophages", comparable to those induced by SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV, but different from NL63 or influenza virus infection. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings indicate that severe lung injury in COVID-19 probably results from a macrophage-triggered immune activation rather than direct viral damage of the alveolar compartment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katja Hönzke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Contributed equally
| | - Benedikt Obermayer
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
- Contributed equally
| | - Christin Mache
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
- Contributed equally
| | - Diana Fatykhova
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mirjana Kessler
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon Dökel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and IRI Life Sciences, Institute for Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Morris Baumgardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Löwa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Hoffmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Patrick Graff
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Schulze
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maren Mieth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katharina Hellwig
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zeynep Demir
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Biere
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Linda Brunotte
- Institute of Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms Universität, Münster, Germany
| | | | - Judith Bushe
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Melanie Dohmen
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Hinze
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sefer Elezkurtaj
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mario Tönnies
- HELIOS Clinic Emil von Behring, Department of Pneumology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Torsten T Bauer
- HELIOS Clinic Emil von Behring, Department of Pneumology and Department of Thoracic Surgery, Chest Hospital Heckeshorn, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Eggeling
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vivantes Clinics Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hong-Linh Tran
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Vivantes Clinics Neukölln, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul Schneider
- Department for Thoracic Surgery, DRK Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Neudecker
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens C Rückert
- Department of General, Visceral, Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kai M Schmidt-Ott
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jonas Busch
- Clinic for Urology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frederick Klauschen
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - David Horst
- Department of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Institute for Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Institute for Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frank Heppner
- Institute for Neuropathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronja Mothes
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anna Pascual-Reguant
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Erika Hauser
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), a Leibniz Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC) and IRI Life Sciences, Institute for Biology, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stephan Ludwig
- Institute of Virology, Westfaelische Wilhelms Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Witzenrath
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Achim D Gruber
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif-Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institut, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Niemeyer D, Stenzel S, Veith T, Schroeder S, Friedmann K, Weege F, Trimpert J, Heinze J, Richter A, Jansen J, Emanuel J, Kazmierski J, Pott F, Jeworowski LM, Olmer R, Jaboreck MC, Tenner B, Papies J, Walper F, Schmidt ML, Heinemann N, Möncke-Buchner E, Baumgardt M, Hoffmann K, Widera M, Thao TTN, Balázs A, Schulze J, Mache C, Jones TC, Morkel M, Ciesek S, Hanitsch LG, Mall MA, Hocke AC, Thiel V, Osterrieder K, Wolff T, Martin U, Corman VM, Müller MA, Goffinet C, Drosten C. SARS-CoV-2 variant Alpha has a spike-dependent replication advantage over the ancestral B.1 strain in human cells with low ACE2 expression. PLoS Biol 2022; 20:e3001871. [PMID: 36383605 PMCID: PMC9710838 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological data demonstrate that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha and Delta are more transmissible, infectious, and pathogenic than previous variants. Phenotypic properties of VOC remain understudied. Here, we provide an extensive functional study of VOC Alpha replication and cell entry phenotypes assisted by reverse genetics, mutational mapping of spike in lentiviral pseudotypes, viral and cellular gene expression studies, and infectivity stability assays in an enhanced range of cell and epithelial culture models. In almost all models, VOC Alpha spread less or equally efficiently as ancestral (B.1) SARS-CoV-2. B.1. and VOC Alpha shared similar susceptibility to serum neutralization. Despite increased relative abundance of specific sgRNAs in the context of VOC Alpha infection, immune gene expression in infected cells did not differ between VOC Alpha and B.1. However, inferior spreading and entry efficiencies of VOC Alpha corresponded to lower abundance of proteolytically cleaved spike products presumably linked to the T716I mutation. In addition, we identified a bronchial cell line, NCI-H1299, which supported 24-fold increased growth of VOC Alpha and is to our knowledge the only cell line to recapitulate the fitness advantage of VOC Alpha compared to B.1. Interestingly, also VOC Delta showed a strong (595-fold) fitness advantage over B.1 in these cells. Comparative analysis of chimeric viruses expressing VOC Alpha spike in the backbone of B.1, and vice versa, showed that the specific replication phenotype of VOC Alpha in NCI-H1299 cells is largely determined by its spike protein. Despite undetectable ACE2 protein expression in NCI-H1299 cells, CRISPR/Cas9 knock-out and antibody-mediated blocking experiments revealed that multicycle spread of B.1 and VOC Alpha required ACE2 expression. Interestingly, entry of VOC Alpha, as opposed to B.1 virions, was largely unaffected by treatment with exogenous trypsin or saliva prior to infection, suggesting enhanced resistance of VOC Alpha spike to premature proteolytic cleavage in the extracellular environment of the human respiratory tract. This property may result in delayed degradation of VOC Alpha particle infectivity in conditions typical of mucosal fluids of the upper respiratory tract that may be recapitulated in NCI-H1299 cells closer than in highly ACE2-expressing cell lines and models. Our study highlights the importance of cell model evaluation and comparison for in-depth characterization of virus variant-specific phenotypes and uncovers a fine-tuned interrelationship between VOC Alpha- and host cell-specific determinants that may underlie the increased and prolonged virus shedding detected in patients infected with VOC Alpha.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Saskia Stenzel
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Talitha Veith
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schroeder
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Friedmann
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Friderike Weege
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julian Heinze
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jackson Emanuel
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julia Kazmierski
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Fabian Pott
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lara M. Jeworowski
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ruth Olmer
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH — Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark-Christian Jaboreck
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH — Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Beate Tenner
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Papies
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Felix Walper
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marie L. Schmidt
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heinemann
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Möncke-Buchner
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Morris Baumgardt
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Hoffmann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marek Widera
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Anita Balázs
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jessica Schulze
- Unit 17 “Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Mache
- Unit 17 “Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C. Jones
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Institute of Pathology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt - Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- BIH Bioportal Single Cells, Berlin Institute of Health at Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, DZIF, Braunschweig, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology (IME), Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Leif G. Hanitsch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A. Mall
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C. Hocke
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Klaus Osterrieder
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17 “Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, REBIRTH — Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Victor M. Corman
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin – Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Müller
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Campus Charité Mitte, Charité — Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin – Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Donoso Mantke O, Corman VM, Taddei F, McCulloch E, Niemeyer D, Grumiro L, Dirani G, Wallace PS, Drosten C, Sambri V, Niesters HGM. Importance of external quality assessment for SARS-CoV-2 antigen detection during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Clin Virol 2022; 154:105222. [PMID: 35797940 PMCID: PMC9235289 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2022.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Antigen testing has become an essential part of fighting the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. With the continual increase in available tests, independent and extensive comparative evaluations using data from external quality assessment (EQA) studies to evaluate test performance between different users are required. Objectives: An EQA scheme was established to assess the sensitivity of antigen tests and the potential impact of circulating SARS-CoV-2 strains on their performance. Study design: Panels were prepared for three challenges in 2021 containing inactivated SARS-CoV-2-positive samples of various genetic strains (including variants of concern, VOCs) at different concentrations, and negative samples. Data was analysed based on qualitative testing results in relation to the antigen test used. Results: Participants registered for each individual challenge in any combination. In total, 258 respondents from 27 countries worldwide were counted submitting 472 datasets. All core samples were correctly reported by 76.7 to 83.1% at participant level and by 73.5 to 83.8% at dataset level. Sensitivity differences could be shown in viral loads and SARS-CoV-2 strains/variants including the impact on performance by a B.1.1.7-like mutant strain with a deletion in the nucleoprotein gene. Lateral flow rapid antigen tests showed a higher rate of false negatives in general compared with automated point-of-care tests and laboratory ELISA/immunoassays. Conclusions: EQA schemes can provide valuable data to inform participants about weaknesses in their testing process or methods and support ongoing assay evaluations for regulatory approval or post-market surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany; Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Francesca Taddei
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina di Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Elaine McCulloch
- Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD), Glasgow, United Kingdom.
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Laura Grumiro
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina di Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Giorgio Dirani
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina di Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Paul S Wallace
- Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany, and German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Vittorio Sambri
- Unit of Microbiology, The Great Romagna Area Hub Laboratory, Pievesestina di Cesena (FC), Italy
| | - Hubert G M Niesters
- The University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Kazmierski J, Friedmann K, Postmus D, Emanuel J, Fischer C, Jansen J, Richter A, Bosquillon de Jarcy L, Schüler C, Sohn M, Sauer S, Drosten C, Saliba A, Sander LE, Müller MA, Niemeyer D, Goffinet C. Non‐productive exposure of
PBMCs
to
SARS‐CoV
‐2 induces cell‐intrinsic innate immune responses. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e10961. [PMID: 35975552 PMCID: PMC9382356 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202210961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell‐intrinsic responses mounted in PBMCs during mild and severe COVID‐19 differ quantitatively and qualitatively. Whether they are triggered by signals emitted by productively infected cells of the respiratory tract or result from physical interaction with virus particles remains unclear. Here, we analyzed susceptibility and expression profiles of PBMCs from healthy donors upon ex vivo exposure to SARS‐CoV and SARS‐CoV‐2. In line with the absence of detectable ACE2 receptor expression, human PBMCs were refractory to productive infection. RT–PCR experiments and single‐cell RNA sequencing revealed JAK/STAT‐dependent induction of interferon‐stimulated genes (ISGs) but not proinflammatory cytokines. This SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific response was most pronounced in monocytes. SARS‐CoV‐2‐RNA‐positive monocytes displayed a lower ISG signature as compared to bystander cells of the identical culture. This suggests a preferential invasion of cells with a low ISG baseline profile or delivery of a SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific sensing antagonist upon efficient particle internalization. Together, nonproductive physical interaction of PBMCs with SARS‐CoV‐2‐ and, to a much lesser extent, SARS‐CoV particles stimulate JAK/STAT‐dependent, monocyte‐accentuated innate immune responses that resemble those detected in vivo in patients with mild COVID‐19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia Kazmierski
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health 10178 Berlin Germany
| | - Kirstin Friedmann
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Dylan Postmus
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health 10178 Berlin Germany
| | - Jackson Emanuel
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Cornelius Fischer
- Scientific Genomics Platforms, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Nutrigenomics and Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health 10178 Berlin Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
| | - Laure Bosquillon de Jarcy
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin Germany
| | - Christiane Schüler
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health 10178 Berlin Germany
| | - Madlen Sohn
- Scientific Genomics Platforms, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Nutrigenomics and Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Sascha Sauer
- Scientific Genomics Platforms, Laboratory of Functional Genomics, Nutrigenomics and Systems Biology, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, 13125 Berlin Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité Berlin Germany
| | - Antoine‐Emmanuel Saliba
- Helmholtz Institute for RNA‐based Infection Research (HIRI) Helmholtz‐Center for Infection Research (HZI), Würzburg Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin Humboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin Germany
| | - Marcel A. Müller
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité Berlin Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, associated partner Charité Berlin Germany
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology Campus Charité Mitte, Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1 10117 Berlin Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health 10178 Berlin Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Akbil B, Meyer T, Stubbemann P, Thibeault C, Staudacher O, Niemeyer D, Jansen J, Mühlemann B, Doehn J, Tabeling C, Nusshag C, Hirzel C, Sanchez DS, Nieters A, Lother A, Duerschmied D, Schallner N, Lieberum JN, August D, Rieg S, Falcone V, Hengel H, Kölsch U, Unterwalder N, Hübner RH, Jones TC, Suttorp N, Drosten C, Warnatz K, Spinetti T, Schefold JC, Dörner T, Sander LE, Corman VM, Merle U, Kurth F, von Bernuth H, Meisel C, Goffinet C. Early and Rapid Identification of COVID-19 Patients with Neutralizing Type I Interferon Auto-antibodies. J Clin Immunol 2022; 42:1111-1129. [PMID: 35511314 PMCID: PMC9069123 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-022-01252-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Six to 19% of critically ill COVID-19 patients display circulating auto-antibodies against type I interferons (IFN-AABs). Here, we establish a clinically applicable strategy for early identification of IFN-AAB-positive patients for potential subsequent clinical interventions. Methods We analyzed sera of 430 COVID-19 patients from four hospitals for presence of IFN-AABs by ELISA. Binding specificity and neutralizing activity were evaluated via competition assay and virus-infection-based neutralization assay. We defined clinical parameters associated with IFN-AAB positivity. In a subgroup of critically ill patients, we analyzed effects of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) on the levels of IFN-AABs, SARS-CoV-2 antibodies and clinical outcome. Results The prevalence of neutralizing AABs to IFN-α and IFN-ω in COVID-19 patients from all cohorts was 4.2% (18/430), while being undetectable in an uninfected control cohort. Neutralizing IFN-AABs were detectable exclusively in critically affected (max. WHO score 6–8), predominantly male (83%) patients (7.6%, 18/237 for IFN-α-AABs and 4.6%, 11/237 for IFN-ω-AABs in 237 patients with critical COVID-19). IFN-AABs were present early post-symptom onset and at the peak of disease. Fever and oxygen requirement at hospital admission co-presented with neutralizing IFN-AAB positivity. IFN-AABs were associated with lower probability of survival (7.7% versus 80.9% in patients without IFN-AABs). TPE reduced levels of IFN-AABs in three of five patients and may increase survival of IFN-AAB-positive patients compared to those not undergoing TPE. Conclusion IFN-AABs may serve as early biomarker for the development of severe COVID-19. We propose to implement routine screening of hospitalized COVID-19 patients for rapid identification of patients with IFN-AABs who most likely benefit from specific therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10875-022-01252-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bengisu Akbil
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Meyer
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paula Stubbemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Thibeault
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Staudacher
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jenny Jansen
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Barbara Mühlemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Doehn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Tabeling
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Nusshag
- Department of Nephrology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cédric Hirzel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - David Sökler Sanchez
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexandra Nieters
- University Medical Center Freiburg and Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Center for Biobanking, FREEZE-Biobank, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Lother
- Cardiology and Medical Intensive Care, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Duerschmied
- Cardiology and Medical Intensive Care, Heart Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nils Schallner
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jan Nikolaus Lieberum
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietrich August
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Siegbert Rieg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine II, Medical Centre - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Valeria Falcone
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Hartmut Hengel
- Institute of Virology, Freiburg University Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Albert-Ludwigs-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Kölsch
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadine Unterwalder
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf-Harto Hübner
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing St, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Norbert Suttorp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus Warnatz
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency (CCI), Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thibaud Spinetti
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse, CH-3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Dörner
- Department of Medicine/Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- DRFZ, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- DZIF German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Charité, 10117, Berlin, Germany
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uta Merle
- Department of Gastroenterology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine and Department of Medicine I, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Horst von Bernuth
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christian Meisel
- Labor Berlin GmbH, Department of Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Sylter Str. 2, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Christine Goffinet
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Papies J, Sieberg A, Ritz D, Niemeyer D, Drosten C, Müller MA. Reduced IFN-ß inhibitory activity of Lagos bat virus phosphoproteins in human compared to Eidolon helvum bat cells. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264450. [PMID: 35259191 PMCID: PMC8903296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Eidolon helvum bats are reservoir hosts for highly pathogenic lyssaviruses often showing limited disease upon natural infection. An enhanced antiviral interferon (IFN) response combined with reduced inflammation might be linked to the apparent virus tolerance in bats. Lyssavirus phosphoproteins inhibit the IFN response with virus strain-specific efficiency. To date, little is known regarding the lyssavirus P-dependent anti-IFN countermeasures in bats, mainly due to a lack of in vitro tools. By using E. helvum bat cell cultures in a newly established bat-specific IFN-promoter activation assay, we analyzed the IFN-ß inhibitory activity of multiple lyssavirus P in E. helvum compared to human cells. Initial virus infection studies with a recently isolated E. helvum-borne Lagos bat virus street strain from Ghana showed enhanced LBV propagation in an E. helvum lung cell line compared to human A549 lung cells at later time points suggesting effective viral countermeasures against cellular defense mechanisms. A direct comparison of the IFN-ß inhibitory activity of the LBV-GH P protein with other lyssavirus P proteins showed that LBV-GH P and RVP both strongly inhibited the bat IFN-β promotor activation (range 75–90%) in EidLu/20.2 and an E. helvum kidney cell line. Conversely, LBV-GH P blocked the activation of the human IFN-β promoter less efficiently compared to a prototypic Rabies virus P protein (range LBV P 52–68% vs RVP 71–95%) in two different human cell lines (HEK-293T, A549). The same pattern was seen for two prototypic LBV P variants suggesting an overall reduced LBV P IFN-ß inhibitory activity in human cells as compared to E. helvum bat cells. Increased IFN-ß inhibition by lyssavirus P in reservoir host cells might be a result of host-specific adaptation processes towards an enhanced IFN response in bat cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Papies
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrea Sieberg
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Ritz
- Institute of Virology, Universitätsklinikum Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Möller S, Theiß J, Deinert TIL, Golat K, Heinze J, Niemeyer D, Wyrwa R, Schnabelrauch M, Bogner E. High-Sulfated Glycosaminoglycans Prevent Coronavirus Replication. Viruses 2022; 14:v14020413. [PMID: 35216006 PMCID: PMC8877876 DOI: 10.3390/v14020413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are common among humans and many animals, causing respiratory or gastrointestinal diseases. Currently, only a few antiviral drugs against CoVs are available. Especially for SARS-CoV-2, new compounds for treatment of COVID-19 are urgently needed. In this study, we characterize the antiviral effects of two high-sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) derivatives against SARS-CoV-2 and bovine coronaviruses (BCoV), which are both members of the Betacoronavirus genus. The investigated compounds are based on hyaluronan (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) and exhibit a strong inhibitory effect against both CoVs. Yield assays were performed using BCoV-infected PT cells in the presence and absence of the compounds. While the high-sulfated HA (sHA3) led to an inhibition of viral growth early after infection, high-sulfated CS (sCS3) had a slightly smaller effect. Time of addition assays, where sHA3 and sCS3 were added to PT cells before, during or after infection, demonstrated an inhibitory effect during all phases of infection, whereas sHA3 showed a stronger effect even after virus absorbance. Furthermore, attachment analyses with prechilled PT cells revealed that virus attachment is not blocked. In addition, sHA3 and sCS3 inactivated BCoV by stable binding. Analysis by quantitative real-time RT PCR underlines the high potency of the inhibitors against BCoV, as well as B.1-lineage, Alpha and Beta SARS-CoV-2 viruses. Taken together, these results demonstrated that the two high-sulfated GAG derivatives exhibit low cytotoxicity and represent promising candidates for an anti-CoV therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Möller
- INNOVENT e.V., Biomaterial Department, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.M.); (R.W.); (M.S.)
| | - Janine Theiß
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
| | - Thaira I. L. Deinert
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
| | - Karoline Golat
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
| | - Julian Heinze
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ralf Wyrwa
- INNOVENT e.V., Biomaterial Department, 07745 Jena, Germany; (S.M.); (R.W.); (M.S.)
| | | | - Elke Bogner
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (J.T.); (T.I.L.D.); (K.G.); (J.H.); (D.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-525121
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Vierbaum L, Wojtalewicz N, Grunert HP, Lindig V, Duehring U, Drosten C, Corman V, Niemeyer D, Ciesek S, Rabenau HF, Berger A, Obermeier M, Nitsche A, Michel J, Mielke M, Huggett J, O’Sullivan D, Busby E, Cowen S, Vallone PM, Cleveland MH, Falak S, Kummrow A, Keller T, Schellenberg I, Zeichhardt H, Kammel M. RNA reference materials with defined viral RNA loads of SARS-CoV-2-A useful tool towards a better PCR assay harmonization. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262656. [PMID: 35051208 PMCID: PMC8775330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2, the cause of COVID-19, requires reliable diagnostic methods to track the circulation of this virus. Following the development of RT-qPCR methods to meet this diagnostic need in January 2020, it became clear from interlaboratory studies that the reported Ct values obtained for the different laboratories showed high variability. Despite this the Ct values were explored as a quantitative cut off to aid clinical decisions based on viral load. Consequently, there was a need to introduce standards to support estimation of SARS-CoV-2 viral load in diagnostic specimens. In a collaborative study, INSTAND established two reference materials (RMs) containing heat-inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with SARS-CoV-2 RNA loads of ~107 copies/mL (RM 1) and ~106 copies/mL (RM 2), respectively. Quantification was performed by RT-qPCR using synthetic SARS-CoV-2 RNA standards and digital PCR. Between November 2020 and February 2021, German laboratories were invited to use the two RMs to anchor their Ct values measured in routine diagnostic specimens, with the Ct values of the two RMs. A total of 305 laboratories in Germany were supplied with RM 1 and RM 2. The laboratories were requested to report their measured Ct values together with details on the PCR method they used to INSTAND. This resultant 1,109 data sets were differentiated by test system and targeted gene region. Our findings demonstrate that an indispensable prerequisite for linking Ct values to SARS-CoV-2 viral loads is that they are treated as being unique to an individual laboratory. For this reason, clinical guidance based on viral loads should not cite Ct values. The RMs described were a suitable tool to determine the specific laboratory Ct for a given viral load. Furthermore, as Ct values can also vary between runs when using the same instrument, such RMs could be used as run controls to ensure reproducibility of the quantitative measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vierbaum
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Duesseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Nathalie Wojtalewicz
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Duesseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | | | - Vanessa Lindig
- IQVD GmbH, Institut fuer Qualitaetssicherung in der Virusdiagnostik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf Duehring
- GBD Gesellschaft fuer Biotechnologische Diagnostik mbH, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - University Medicine Berlin; National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses; German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sandra Ciesek
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, External partner site Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, Branch Translational Medicine and Pharmacology, Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
| | - Holger F. Rabenau
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
| | - Annemarie Berger
- Institute for Medical Virology, University Hospital, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Hesse, Germany
| | | | - Andreas Nitsche
- Robert Koch-Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janine Michel
- Robert Koch-Institute, Centre for Biological Threats and Special Pathogens, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Mielke
- Robert Koch-Institute, Department for Infectious Diseases, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jim Huggett
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Health & Medical Science, School of Biosciences & Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Denise O’Sullivan
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Eloise Busby
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Simon Cowen
- National Measurement Laboratory, LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | - Peter M. Vallone
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Genetics Group, Gaithersburg, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Megan H. Cleveland
- Materials Measurement Laboratory, Biomolecular Measurement Division, NIST, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Applied Genetics Group, Gaithersburg, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Samreen Falak
- Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Ingo Schellenberg
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Duesseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Institute of Bioanalytical Sciences, Center of Life Sciences, Anhalt University of Applied Sciences, Bernburg, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Heinz Zeichhardt
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Duesseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- GBD Gesellschaft fuer Biotechnologische Diagnostik mbH, Berlin, Germany
- IQVD GmbH, Institut fuer Qualitaetssicherung in der Virusdiagnostik, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Kammel
- INSTAND e.V., Society for Promoting Quality Assurance in Medical Laboratories, Duesseldorf, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- IQVD GmbH, Institut fuer Qualitaetssicherung in der Virusdiagnostik, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mösbauer K, Fritsch VN, Adrian L, Bernhardt J, Gruhlke MCH, Slusarenko AJ, Niemeyer D, Antelmann H. The Effect of Allicin on the Proteome of SARS-CoV-2 Infected Calu-3 Cells. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:746795. [PMID: 34777295 PMCID: PMC8581659 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.746795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Allicin (diallyl thiosulfinate) is the major thiol-reactive organosulfur compound produced by garlic plants (Allium sativum) upon tissue damage. Allicin exerts its strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi via S-thioallylation of protein thiols and low molecular weight thiols. Here, we investigated the effect of allicin on SARS-CoV-2 infected Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells. Toxicity tests revealed that Calu-3 cells showed greater allicin tolerance, probably due to >4-fold higher GSH levels compared to the very sensitive Vero E6 cells. Exposure of infected Vero E6 and Calu-3 cells to biocompatible allicin doses led to a ∼60–70% decrease of viral RNA and infectious viral particles. Label-free quantitative proteomics was used to investigate the changes in the Calu-3 proteome after SARS-CoV-2 infection and the effect of allicin on the host-virus proteome. SARS-CoV-2 infection of Calu-3 cells caused a strong induction of the antiviral interferon-stimulated gene (ISG) signature, including several antiviral effectors, such as cGAS, Mx1, IFIT, IFIH, IFI16, IFI44, OAS, and ISG15, pathways of vesicular transport, tight junctions (KIF5A/B/C, OSBPL2, CLTCL1, and ARHGAP17) and ubiquitin modification (UBE2L3/5), as well as reprogramming of host metabolism, transcription and translation. Allicin treatment of infected Calu-3 cells reduced the expression of IFN signaling pathways and ISG effectors and reverted several host pathways to levels of uninfected cells. Allicin further reduced the abundance of the structural viral proteins N, M, S and ORF3 in the host-virus proteome. In conclusion, our data demonstrate the antiviral and immunomodulatory activity of biocompatible doses of allicin in SARS-CoV-2-infected cell cultures. Future drug research should be directed to exploit the thiol-reactivity of allicin derivatives with increased stability and lower human cell toxicity as antiviral lead compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirstin Mösbauer
- Institute of Virology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Lorenz Adrian
- Department Environmental Biotechnology, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Leipzig, Germany.,Fachgebiet Geobiotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jörg Bernhardt
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | | | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Haike Antelmann
- Institute for Biology-Microbiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Witkowski M, Tizian C, Ferreira-Gomes M, Niemeyer D, Jones TC, Heinrich F, Frischbutter S, Angermair S, Hohnstein T, Mattiola I, Nawrath P, Mc Ewen S, Zocche S, Viviano E, Heinz GA, Maurer M, Kölsch U, Chua RL, Aschman T, Meisel C, Radke J, Sawitzki B, Roehmel J, Allers K, Moos V, Schneider T, Hanitsch L, Mall MA, Conrad C, Radbruch H, Duerr CU, Trapani JA, Marcenaro E, Kallinich T, Corman VM, Kurth F, Sander LE, Drosten C, Treskatsch S, Durek P, Kruglov A, Radbruch A, Mashreghi MF, Diefenbach A. Untimely TGFβ responses in COVID-19 limit antiviral functions of NK cells. Nature 2021; 600:295-301. [PMID: 34695836 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-021-04142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 is a single-stranded RNA virus that causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Given its acute and often self-limiting course, components of the innate immune system are likely central in controlling virus replication thereby determining clinical outcome. Natural killer (NK) cells are innate lymphocytes with notable activity against a broad range of viruses, including RNA viruses1,2. NK cell function may be altered during COVID-19 despite increased representation of NK cells with an activated and 'adaptive' phenotype3,4. Here we show that viral load decline in COVID-19 correlates with NK cell status and that NK cells can control SARS-CoV-2 replication by recognizing infected target cells. In severe COVID-19, NK cells show remarkable defects in virus control, cytokine production and cell-mediated cytotoxicity despite high expression of cytotoxic effector molecules. Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) of NK cells along the time course of the entire COVID-19 disease spectrum reveals a unique gene expression signature. Transcriptional networks of interferon-driven NK cell activation are superimposed by a dominant TGFβ response signature with reduced expression of genes related to cell-cell adhesion, granule exocytosis and cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In severe COVID-19, serum levels of TGFβ peak during the first 2 weeks of infection, and serum obtained from these patients profoundly inhibits NK cell function in a TGFβ-dependent manner. Our data reveal that untimely production of TGFβ is a hallmark of severe COVID-19 and may inhibit NK cell function and early virus control.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Witkowski
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. .,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Labor Berlin, Charité - Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Caroline Tizian
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marta Ferreira-Gomes
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Terry C Jones
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany.,Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frederik Heinrich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Frischbutter
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Angermair
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thordis Hohnstein
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Mattiola
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Philipp Nawrath
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sophie Mc Ewen
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany.,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Zocche
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Nephrology and Metabolic Diseases, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edoardo Viviano
- Institute of Physiology, Center for Space Medicine and Extreme Environments Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gitta Anne Heinz
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Dermatological Allergology, Allergie-Centrum-Charité, Department of Dermatology and Allergy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uwe Kölsch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Robert Lorenz Chua
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Aschman
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Meisel
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité, Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Immunology, Labor Berlin-Charité Vivantes, Berlin, Germany
| | - Josefine Radke
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Birgit Sawitzki
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jobst Roehmel
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kristina Allers
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Verena Moos
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Schneider
- Department of Medicine (Gastroenterology, Infectious Diseases, Rheumatology), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Hanitsch
- Institute of Medical Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz1, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Augustenburger Platz1, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Conrad
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Claudia U Duerr
- Laboratory of Mucosal Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Hindenburgdamm 30, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph A Trapani
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emanuela Marcenaro
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Research, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Tilmann Kallinich
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner, Berlin, Germany.,Chronic inflammation in childhood, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Florian Kurth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Leif Erik Sander
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Charité Mitte, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Associated Partner Site, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Treskatsch
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pawel Durek
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey Kruglov
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology and Biological Faculty, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreas Radbruch
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mir-Farzin Mashreghi
- Therapeutic Gene Regulation, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andreas Diefenbach
- Laboratory of Innate Immunity, Institute of Microbiology, Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany. .,Mucosal and Developmental Immunology, Deutsches Rheuma-Forschungszentrum (DRFZ), an Institute of the Leibniz Association, Berlin, Germany. .,Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Labor Berlin, Charité - Vivantes GmbH, Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Schulze J, Mache C, Balázs A, Frey D, Niemeyer D, Olze H, Dommerich S, Drosten C, Hocke AC, Mall MA, Hippenstiel S, Wolff T. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 replication in explant cultures of the human upper respiratory tract reveals broad tissue tropism of wild-type and B.1.1.7 variant viruses. J Infect Dis 2021; 224:2020-2024. [PMID: 34651643 PMCID: PMC8524635 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiab523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The upper respiratory tract (URT) is the primary entry site for SARS-CoV-2 and other respiratory viruses, but its involvement in viral amplification and pathogenesis remains incompletely understood. Here we investigated primary nasal epithelial cultures, as well as vital explanted tissues to scrutinize the tropism of wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and the recently emerged B.1.1.7 variant. Our analyses revealed a widespread replication competence of SARS-CoV-2 in polarized nasal epithelium as well as in the examined URT and salivary gland tissues, which was also shared by the B.1.1.7 virus thereby highlighting the active role of these anatomic sites in COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Schulze
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christin Mache
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Anita Balázs
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Doris Frey
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin Institute of Health and German Centre for Infection Research, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Heidi Olze
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Steffen Dommerich
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Virology, Berlin Institute of Health and German Centre for Infection Research, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcus A Mall
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany.,German Center for Lung Research (DZL), associated partner site, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Stefan Hippenstiel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thorsten Wolff
- Unit 17 "Influenza and other Respiratory Viruses", Robert Koch Institute, Seestr. 10, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tolksdorf B, Nie C, Niemeyer D, Röhrs V, Berg J, Lauster D, Adler JM, Haag R, Trimpert J, Kaufer B, Drosten C, Kurreck J. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Replication by a Small Interfering RNA Targeting the Leader Sequence. Viruses 2021; 13:v13102030. [PMID: 34696460 PMCID: PMC8539227 DOI: 10.3390/v13102030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected almost 200 million people worldwide and led to approximately 4 million deaths as of August 2021. Despite successful vaccine development, treatment options are limited. A promising strategy to specifically target viral infections is to suppress viral replication through RNA interference (RNAi). Hence, we designed eight small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeting the highly conserved 5′-untranslated region (5′-UTR) of SARS-CoV-2. The most promising candidate identified in initial reporter assays, termed siCoV6, targets the leader sequence of the virus, which is present in the genomic as well as in all subgenomic RNAs. In assays with infectious SARS-CoV-2, it reduced replication by two orders of magnitude and prevented the development of a cytopathic effect. Moreover, it retained its activity against the SARS-CoV-2 alpha variant and has perfect homology against all sequences of the delta variant that were analyzed by bioinformatic means. Interestingly, the siRNA was even highly active in virus replication assays with the SARS-CoV-1 family member. This work thus identified a very potent siRNA with a broad activity against various SARS-CoV viruses that represents a promising candidate for the development of new treatment options.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Beatrice Tolksdorf
- Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (B.T.); (V.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Chuanxiong Nie
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.N.); (D.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (D.N.); (C.D.)
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Viola Röhrs
- Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (B.T.); (V.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Johanna Berg
- Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (B.T.); (V.R.); (J.B.)
| | - Daniel Lauster
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.N.); (D.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Julia M. Adler
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.M.A.); (J.T.); (B.K.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Respiratory Medicine, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rainer Haag
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, 14195 Berlin, Germany; (C.N.); (D.L.); (R.H.)
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.M.A.); (J.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Benedikt Kaufer
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, 14163 Berlin, Germany; (J.M.A.); (J.T.); (B.K.)
| | - Christian Drosten
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany; (D.N.); (C.D.)
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens Kurreck
- Applied Biochemistry, Institute of Biotechnology, Technische Universität Berlin, 10623 Berlin, Germany; (B.T.); (V.R.); (J.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.:+ 49-30-314-27581
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Gassen NC, Papies J, Bajaj T, Emanuel J, Dethloff F, Chua RL, Trimpert J, Heinemann N, Niemeyer C, Weege F, Hönzke K, Aschman T, Heinz DE, Weckmann K, Ebert T, Zellner A, Lennarz M, Wyler E, Schroeder S, Richter A, Niemeyer D, Hoffmann K, Meyer TF, Heppner FL, Corman VM, Landthaler M, Hocke AC, Morkel M, Osterrieder N, Conrad C, Eils R, Radbruch H, Giavalisco P, Drosten C, Müller MA. SARS-CoV-2-mediated dysregulation of metabolism and autophagy uncovers host-targeting antivirals. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3818. [PMID: 34155207 PMCID: PMC8217552 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-24007-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 48.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses manipulate cellular metabolism and macromolecule recycling processes like autophagy. Dysregulated metabolism might lead to excessive inflammatory and autoimmune responses as observed in severe and long COVID-19 patients. Here we show that SARS-CoV-2 modulates cellular metabolism and reduces autophagy. Accordingly, compound-driven induction of autophagy limits SARS-CoV-2 propagation. In detail, SARS-CoV-2-infected cells show accumulation of key metabolites, activation of autophagy inhibitors (AKT1, SKP2) and reduction of proteins responsible for autophagy initiation (AMPK, TSC2, ULK1), membrane nucleation, and phagophore formation (BECN1, VPS34, ATG14), as well as autophagosome-lysosome fusion (BECN1, ATG14 oligomers). Consequently, phagophore-incorporated autophagy markers LC3B-II and P62 accumulate, which we confirm in a hamster model and lung samples of COVID-19 patients. Single-nucleus and single-cell sequencing of patient-derived lung and mucosal samples show differential transcriptional regulation of autophagy and immune genes depending on cell type, disease duration, and SARS-CoV-2 replication levels. Targeting of autophagic pathways by exogenous administration of the polyamines spermidine and spermine, the selective AKT1 inhibitor MK-2206, and the BECN1-stabilizing anthelmintic drug niclosamide inhibit SARS-CoV-2 propagation in vitro with IC50 values of 136.7, 7.67, 0.11, and 0.13 μM, respectively. Autophagy-inducing compounds reduce SARS-CoV-2 propagation in primary human lung cells and intestinal organoids emphasizing their potential as treatment options against COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils C Gassen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Jan Papies
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Bajaj
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jackson Emanuel
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Robert Lorenz Chua
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jakob Trimpert
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicolas Heinemann
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christine Niemeyer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Friderike Weege
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Hönzke
- Molecular Imaging of Immunoregulation, Medizinische Klinik m.S. Infektiologie & Pneumologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tom Aschman
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel E Heinz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Katja Weckmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tim Ebert
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andreas Zellner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Martina Lennarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Schroeder
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Hoffmann
- Molecular Imaging of Immunoregulation, Medizinische Klinik m.S. Infektiologie & Pneumologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F Meyer
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, UKSH, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frank L Heppner
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence, NeuroCure, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas C Hocke
- Molecular Imaging of Immunoregulation, Medizinische Klinik m.S. Infektiologie & Pneumologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Morkel
- Institute for Pathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site Berlin, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Osterrieder
- Institute of Virology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, Jockey Club College of Veterinary Medicine and Life Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong
| | - Christian Conrad
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Roland Eils
- Center for Digital Health, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH) and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany
- Data Science Unit, Heidelberg University Hospital and BioQuant, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Helena Radbruch
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner site Charité, Berlin, Germany.
- Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Schwarz T, Tober-Lau P, Hillus D, Helbig ET, Lippert LJ, Thibeault C, Koch W, Landgraf I, Michel J, Bergfeld L, Niemeyer D, Mühlemann B, Conrad C, Dang-Heine C, Kasper S, Münn F, Kappert K, Nitsche A, Tauber R, Schmidt S, Kopankiewicz P, Bias H, Seybold J, von Kalle C, Jones TC, Suttorp N, Drosten C, Sander LE, Corman VM, Kurth F. Delayed Antibody and T-Cell Response to BNT162b2 Vaccination in the Elderly, Germany. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2174-2178. [PMID: 34102097 PMCID: PMC8314803 DOI: 10.3201/eid2708.211145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We detected delayed and reduced antibody and T-cell responses after BNT162b2 vaccination in 71 elderly persons (median age 81 years) compared with 123 healthcare workers (median age 34 years) in Germany. These data emphasize that nonpharmaceutical interventions for coronavirus disease remain crucial and that additional immunizations for the elderly might become necessary.
Collapse
|
21
|
Tober-Lau P, Schwarz T, Hillus D, Spieckermann J, Helbig ET, Lippert LJ, Thibeault C, Koch W, Bergfeld L, Niemeyer D, Mühlemann B, Conrad C, Kasper S, Münn F, Kunitz F, Jones TC, Suttorp N, Drosten C, Sander LE, Kurth F, Corman VM. Outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.1.7 Lineage after Vaccination in Long-Term Care Facility, Germany, February-March 2021. Emerg Infect Dis 2021; 27:2169-2173. [PMID: 34102098 PMCID: PMC8314829 DOI: 10.3201/eid2708.210887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
One week after second vaccinations were administered, an outbreak of B.1.1.7 lineage severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections occurred in a long-term care facility in Berlin, Germany, affecting 16/20 vaccinated and 4/4 unvaccinated residents. Despite considerable viral loads, vaccinated residents experienced mild symptoms and faster time to negative test results.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wyler E, Mösbauer K, Franke V, Diag A, Gottula LT, Arsiè R, Klironomos F, Koppstein D, Hönzke K, Ayoub S, Buccitelli C, Hoffmann K, Richter A, Legnini I, Ivanov A, Mari T, Del Giudice S, Papies J, Praktiknjo S, Meyer TF, Müller MA, Niemeyer D, Hocke A, Selbach M, Akalin A, Rajewsky N, Drosten C, Landthaler M. Transcriptomic profiling of SARS-CoV-2 infected human cell lines identifies HSP90 as target for COVID-19 therapy. iScience 2021; 24:102151. [PMID: 33585804 PMCID: PMC7866843 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed knowledge of the molecular biology of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is crucial for understanding of viral replication, host responses, and disease progression. Here, we report gene expression profiles of three SARS-CoV- and SARS-CoV-2-infected human cell lines. SARS-CoV-2 elicited an approximately two-fold higher stimulation of the innate immune response compared to SARS-CoV in the human epithelial cell line Calu-3, including induction of miRNA-155. Single-cell RNA sequencing of infected cells showed that genes induced by virus infections were broadly upregulated, whereas interferon beta/lambda genes, a pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-6, were expressed only in small subsets of infected cells. Temporal analysis suggested that transcriptional activities of interferon regulatory factors precede those of nuclear factor κB. Lastly, we identified heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) as a protein relevant for the infection. Inhibition of the HSP90 activity resulted in a reduction of viral replication and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in primary human airway epithelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emanuel Wyler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Mösbauer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Vedran Franke
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Asija Diag
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Lina Theresa Gottula
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Roberto Arsiè
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Filippos Klironomos
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Charité – University Hospital Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - David Koppstein
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Katja Hönzke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salah Ayoub
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christopher Buccitelli
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Karen Hoffmann
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anja Richter
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ivano Legnini
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité – University Hospital Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tommaso Mari
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Del Giudice
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan Papies
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Samantha Praktiknjo
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas F. Meyer
- Laboratory of Infection Oncology, Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, UKSH, Christian Albrechts University of Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Marcel Alexander Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Hocke
- Department of Internal Medicine/Infectious Diseases and Pulmonary Medicine, Charité University Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Matthias Selbach
- Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Robert-Rössle-Strasse 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Altuna Akalin
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Rajewsky
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Markus Landthaler
- Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology, Max-Delbrück-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Hannoversche Str 28, 10115 Berlin, Germany
- IRI Life Sciences, Institut für Biologie, Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Philippstraße 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Zange S, Müller MA, Niemeyer D, Jones TC, Vollmar P, Rothe C, Hoelscher M, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Ehmann R, Zwirglmaier K, Drosten C, Wendtner C. Author Correction: Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 2020; 588:E35. [PMID: 33303961 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2984-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Wölfel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Zange
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Terry C Jones
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosina Ehmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Modrof J, Kerschbaum A, Farcet MR, Niemeyer D, Corman VM, Kreil TR. SARS-CoV-2 and the safety margins of cell-based biological medicinal products. Biologicals 2020; 68:122-124. [PMID: 32891497 PMCID: PMC7456270 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
With the pandemic emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the exposure of cell substrates used for manufacturing of medicines has become a possibility. Cell lines used in biomanufacturing were thus evaluated for their SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility, and the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in culture supernatants by routine adventitious virus testing of fermenter harvest tested.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Modrof
- Global Pathogen Safety, Baxter AG (part of Takeda), Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Kerschbaum
- Global Pathogen Safety, Baxter AG (part of Takeda), Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria R Farcet
- Global Pathogen Safety, Baxter AG (part of Takeda), Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and German Centre for Infection Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas R Kreil
- Global Pathogen Safety, Baxter AG (part of Takeda), Benatzkygasse 2-6, 1221, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Matheeussen V, Corman VM, Donoso Mantke O, McCulloch E, Lammens C, Goossens H, Niemeyer D, Wallace PS, Klapper P, Niesters HG, Drosten C, Ieven M. International external quality assessment for SARS-CoV-2 molecular detection and survey on clinical laboratory preparedness during the COVID-19 pandemic, April/May 2020. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 25. [PMID: 32672149 PMCID: PMC7364759 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2020.25.27.2001223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory preparedness with quality-assured diagnostic assays is essential for controlling the current coronavirus disease (COVID-19) outbreak. We conducted an external quality assessment study with inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) samples to support clinical laboratories with a proficiency testing option for molecular assays. To analyse SARS-CoV-2 testing performance, we used an online questionnaire developed for the European Union project RECOVER to assess molecular testing capacities in clinical diagnostic laboratories.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Veerle Matheeussen
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Victor M Corman
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.,National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Donoso Mantke
- These authors contributed equally to this work and share first authorship.,Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine McCulloch
- Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Christine Lammens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Herman Goossens
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Paul S Wallace
- Quality Control for Molecular Diagnostics (QCMD), Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Klapper
- School of Biological Sciences, Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hubert Gm Niesters
- Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Christian Drosten
- National Consultant Laboratory for Coronaviruses, Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Margareta Ieven
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | -
- Details on these projects are noted in the Acknowledgements
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kratzel A, Todt D, V'kovski P, Steiner S, Gultom M, Thao TTN, Ebert N, Holwerda M, Steinmann J, Niemeyer D, Dijkman R, Kampf G, Drosten C, Steinmann E, Thiel V, Pfaender S. Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by WHO-Recommended Hand Rub Formulations and Alcohols. Emerg Infect Dis 2020. [PMID: 32284092 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.10.986711v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection control instructions call for use of alcohol-based hand rub solutions to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We determined the virucidal activity of World Health Organization-recommended hand rub formulations, at full strength and multiple dilutions, and of the active ingredients. All disinfectants demonstrated efficient virus inactivation.
Collapse
|
27
|
Kratzel A, Todt D, V'kovski P, Steiner S, Gultom M, Thao TTN, Ebert N, Holwerda M, Steinmann J, Niemeyer D, Dijkman R, Kampf G, Drosten C, Steinmann E, Thiel V, Pfaender S. Inactivation of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 by WHO-Recommended Hand Rub Formulations and Alcohols. Emerg Infect Dis 2020; 26:1592-1595. [PMID: 32284092 PMCID: PMC7323537 DOI: 10.3201/eid2607.200915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 231] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Infection control instructions call for use of alcohol-based hand rub solutions to inactivate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2. We determined the virucidal activity of World Health Organization-recommended hand rub formulations, at full strength and multiple dilutions, and of the active ingredients. All disinfectants demonstrated efficient virus inactivation.
Collapse
|
28
|
Thi Nhu Thao T, Labroussaa F, Ebert N, V'kovski P, Stalder H, Portmann J, Kelly J, Steiner S, Holwerda M, Kratzel A, Gultom M, Schmied K, Laloli L, Hüsser L, Wider M, Pfaender S, Hirt D, Cippà V, Crespo-Pomar S, Schröder S, Muth D, Niemeyer D, Corman VM, Müller MA, Drosten C, Dijkman R, Jores J, Thiel V. Rapid reconstruction of SARS-CoV-2 using a synthetic genomics platform. Nature 2020; 582:561-565. [PMID: 32365353 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2294-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 70.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Reverse genetics has been an indispensable tool to gain insights into viral pathogenesis and vaccine development. The genomes of large RNA viruses, such as those from coronaviruses, are cumbersome to clone and manipulate in Escherichia coli owing to the size and occasional instability of the genome1-3. Therefore, an alternative rapid and robust reverse-genetics platform for RNA viruses would benefit the research community. Here we show the full functionality of a yeast-based synthetic genomics platform to genetically reconstruct diverse RNA viruses, including members of the Coronaviridae, Flaviviridae and Pneumoviridae families. Viral subgenomic fragments were generated using viral isolates, cloned viral DNA, clinical samples or synthetic DNA, and these fragments were then reassembled in one step in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using transformation-associated recombination cloning to maintain the genome as a yeast artificial chromosome. T7 RNA polymerase was then used to generate infectious RNA to rescue viable virus. Using this platform, we were able to engineer and generate chemically synthesized clones of the virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)4, which has caused the recent pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), in only a week after receipt of the synthetic DNA fragments. The technical advance that we describe here facilitates rapid responses to emerging viruses as it enables the real-time generation and functional characterization of evolving RNA virus variants during an outbreak.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thi Nhu Thao
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabien Labroussaa
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Ebert
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Philip V'kovski
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter Stalder
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jasmine Portmann
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jenna Kelly
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvio Steiner
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melle Holwerda
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Insitute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annika Kratzel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitra Gultom
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Insitute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kimberly Schmied
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Laura Laloli
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Insitute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Linda Hüsser
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Manon Wider
- Insitute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Stephanie Pfaender
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department for Molecular and Medical Virology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Dagny Hirt
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Valentina Cippà
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Crespo-Pomar
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Simon Schröder
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen Muth
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany.,Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Insitute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Joerg Jores
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. .,Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Virology and Immunology (IVI), Bern, Switzerland. .,Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Zange S, Müller MA, Niemeyer D, Jones TC, Vollmar P, Rothe C, Hoelscher M, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Ehmann R, Zwirglmaier K, Drosten C, Wendtner C. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 2020. [PMID: 32096611 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection of the respiratory tract that emerged in late 20191,2. Initial outbreaks in China involved 13.8% of cases with severe courses, and 6.1% of cases with critical courses3. This severe presentation may result from the virus using a virus receptor that is expressed predominantly in the lung2,4; the same receptor tropism is thought to have determined the pathogenicity-but also aided in the control-of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 20035. However, there are reports of cases of COVID-19 in which the patient shows mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, which suggests the potential for pre- or oligosymptomatic transmission6-8. There is an urgent need for information on virus replication, immunity and infectivity in specific sites of the body. Here we report a detailed virological analysis of nine cases of COVID-19 that provides proof of active virus replication in tissues of the upper respiratory tract. Pharyngeal virus shedding was very high during the first week of symptoms, with a peak at 7.11 × 108 RNA copies per throat swab on day 4. Infectious virus was readily isolated from samples derived from the throat or lung, but not from stool samples-in spite of high concentrations of virus RNA. Blood and urine samples never yielded virus. Active replication in the throat was confirmed by the presence of viral replicative RNA intermediates in the throat samples. We consistently detected sequence-distinct virus populations in throat and lung samples from one patient, proving independent replication. The shedding of viral RNA from sputum outlasted the end of symptoms. Seroconversion occurred after 7 days in 50% of patients (and by day 14 in all patients), but was not followed by a rapid decline in viral load. COVID-19 can present as a mild illness of the upper respiratory tract. The confirmation of active virus replication in the upper respiratory tract has implications for the containment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Wölfel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Zange
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Terry C Jones
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosina Ehmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Zange S, Müller MA, Niemeyer D, Jones TC, Vollmar P, Rothe C, Hoelscher M, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Ehmann R, Zwirglmaier K, Drosten C, Wendtner C. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 2020. [PMID: 32235945 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2196x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection of the respiratory tract that emerged in late 20191,2. Initial outbreaks in China involved 13.8% of cases with severe courses, and 6.1% of cases with critical courses3. This severe presentation may result from the virus using a virus receptor that is expressed predominantly in the lung2,4; the same receptor tropism is thought to have determined the pathogenicity-but also aided in the control-of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 20035. However, there are reports of cases of COVID-19 in which the patient shows mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, which suggests the potential for pre- or oligosymptomatic transmission6-8. There is an urgent need for information on virus replication, immunity and infectivity in specific sites of the body. Here we report a detailed virological analysis of nine cases of COVID-19 that provides proof of active virus replication in tissues of the upper respiratory tract. Pharyngeal virus shedding was very high during the first week of symptoms, with a peak at 7.11 × 108 RNA copies per throat swab on day 4. Infectious virus was readily isolated from samples derived from the throat or lung, but not from stool samples-in spite of high concentrations of virus RNA. Blood and urine samples never yielded virus. Active replication in the throat was confirmed by the presence of viral replicative RNA intermediates in the throat samples. We consistently detected sequence-distinct virus populations in throat and lung samples from one patient, proving independent replication. The shedding of viral RNA from sputum outlasted the end of symptoms. Seroconversion occurred after 7 days in 50% of patients (and by day 14 in all patients), but was not followed by a rapid decline in viral load. COVID-19 can present as a mild illness of the upper respiratory tract. The confirmation of active virus replication in the upper respiratory tract has implications for the containment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Wölfel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Zange
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Terry C Jones
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosina Ehmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Zange S, Müller MA, Niemeyer D, Jones TC, Vollmar P, Rothe C, Hoelscher M, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Ehmann R, Zwirglmaier K, Drosten C, Wendtner C. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 2020; 581:465-469. [PMID: 32235945 DOI: 10.1101/2020.03.05.20030502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an acute infection of the respiratory tract that emerged in late 20191,2. Initial outbreaks in China involved 13.8% of cases with severe courses, and 6.1% of cases with critical courses3. This severe presentation may result from the virus using a virus receptor that is expressed predominantly in the lung2,4; the same receptor tropism is thought to have determined the pathogenicity-but also aided in the control-of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 20035. However, there are reports of cases of COVID-19 in which the patient shows mild upper respiratory tract symptoms, which suggests the potential for pre- or oligosymptomatic transmission6-8. There is an urgent need for information on virus replication, immunity and infectivity in specific sites of the body. Here we report a detailed virological analysis of nine cases of COVID-19 that provides proof of active virus replication in tissues of the upper respiratory tract. Pharyngeal virus shedding was very high during the first week of symptoms, with a peak at 7.11 × 108 RNA copies per throat swab on day 4. Infectious virus was readily isolated from samples derived from the throat or lung, but not from stool samples-in spite of high concentrations of virus RNA. Blood and urine samples never yielded virus. Active replication in the throat was confirmed by the presence of viral replicative RNA intermediates in the throat samples. We consistently detected sequence-distinct virus populations in throat and lung samples from one patient, proving independent replication. The shedding of viral RNA from sputum outlasted the end of symptoms. Seroconversion occurred after 7 days in 50% of patients (and by day 14 in all patients), but was not followed by a rapid decline in viral load. COVID-19 can present as a mild illness of the upper respiratory tract. The confirmation of active virus replication in the upper respiratory tract has implications for the containment of COVID-19.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Roman Wölfel
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Sabine Zange
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Terry C Jones
- Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Rosina Ehmann
- Bundeswehr Institute of Microbiology, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wölfel R, Corman VM, Guggemos W, Seilmaier M, Zange S, Müller MA, Niemeyer D, Jones TC, Vollmar P, Rothe C, Hoelscher M, Bleicker T, Brünink S, Schneider J, Ehmann R, Zwirglmaier K, Drosten C, Wendtner C. Virological assessment of hospitalized patients with COVID-2019. Nature 2020; 581:465-469. [DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2196-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4769] [Impact Index Per Article: 1192.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
33
|
Gassen NC, Niemeyer D, Muth D, Corman VM, Martinelli S, Gassen A, Hafner K, Papies J, Mösbauer K, Zellner A, Zannas AS, Herrmann A, Holsboer F, Brack-Werner R, Boshart M, Müller-Myhsok B, Drosten C, Müller MA, Rein T. SKP2 attenuates autophagy through Beclin1-ubiquitination and its inhibition reduces MERS-Coronavirus infection. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5770. [PMID: 31852899 PMCID: PMC6920372 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular process affecting virus infections and other diseases and Beclin1 (BECN1) is one of its key regulators. Here, we identified S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) as E3 ligase that executes lysine-48-linked poly-ubiquitination of BECN1, thus promoting its proteasomal degradation. SKP2 activity is regulated by phosphorylation in a hetero-complex involving FKBP51, PHLPP, AKT1, and BECN1. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of SKP2 decreases BECN1 ubiquitination, decreases BECN1 degradation and enhances autophagic flux. Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) multiplication results in reduced BECN1 levels and blocks the fusion of autophagosomes and lysosomes. Inhibitors of SKP2 not only enhance autophagy but also reduce the replication of MERS-CoV up to 28,000-fold. The SKP2-BECN1 link constitutes a promising target for host-directed antiviral drugs and possibly other autophagy-sensitive conditions. Here, Gassen et al. show that S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (SKP2) is responsible for lysine-48-linked poly-ubiquitination of beclin 1, resulting in its proteasomal degradation, and that inhibition of SKP2 enhances autophagy and reduces replication of MERS coronavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nils C Gassen
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany. .,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bonn, Venusberg Campus 1, 53127, Bonn, Germany.
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen Muth
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Victor M Corman
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Silvia Martinelli
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Alwine Gassen
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Kathrin Hafner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan Papies
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Mösbauer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Zellner
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Anthony S Zannas
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, 27710, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 438 Taylor Hall, 109 Mason Farm Road, Chapel Hill, 27599-7096, NC, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hil, Chapel Hill, 27599, NC, USA
| | - Alexander Herrmann
- HIV-Cell-Interactions Group, Institute of Virology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Florian Holsboer
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany
| | - Ruth Brack-Werner
- HIV-Cell-Interactions Group, Institute of Virology, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Michael Boshart
- Faculty of Biology, Genetics, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), 82152, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Bertram Müller-Myhsok
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, L69 3BX, Liverpool, UK.,Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology - SYNERGY, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 17, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany.,Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector Borne Diseases, Sechenov University, 2-4 Bolshaya Pirogovskaya st., 119991, Moscow, Russia
| | - Theo Rein
- Department of Translational Research in Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Kraepelinstr. 10, 80804, Munich, Germany. .,Faculty of Medicine, Physiological Chemistry, Ludwig-Maximilian-University Munich (LMU), 82152, Martinsried, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Acar A, Niemeyer D, Groß-Fengels W, Bachmann M, Wiest G. [Nocardiosis as a Differential Diagnosis of Pulmonary Epitheloid Cell Granulomas]. Pneumologie 2019; 73:538-543. [PMID: 31533175 DOI: 10.1055/a-0980-9028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A 47-year-old man presented with fever, weight loss and pulmonary consolidations and cavitation in the x-ray of the thorax. The comprehensive diagnostics resulted pulmonary epitholoid cell granulomas, therefore an immunosuppressive therapy was applied on suspicion of sarcoidosis. Progressivly the pulmonary infiltration increased and cerebral and abdominal abscesses were determined with microbiological detection of Nocardia farcinica. Despite antibiotic therapy, the patient died in a septic shock with multiple organ failure.Nocardiosis is a rare granulomatous bacterial infectious disease. Risk factors include immunosuppression and structural lung diseases. Characteristic is an abscess formation that can occur in any organ, while pulmonary onset is common.The case demonstrates the importance of considering rare differential diagnoses in the detection of pulmonary epithelioid granulomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Acar
- Asklepios Klinikum Hamburg-Harburg, Klinik für Atemwegs-, Lungen- und Thoraxmedizin
| | - D Niemeyer
- Asklepios Klinikum Hamburg-Harburg, Klinik für Atemwegs-, Lungen- und Thoraxmedizin
| | - W Groß-Fengels
- Asklepios Klinikum Hamburg-Harburg, Abteilung für Radiologie und Nuklearmedizin
| | - M Bachmann
- Asklepios Klinikum Hamburg-Harburg, Klinik für Atemwegs-, Lungen- und Thoraxmedizin
| | - G Wiest
- Asklepios Klinikum Hamburg-Harburg, Klinik für Atemwegs-, Lungen- und Thoraxmedizin
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Small A, Lea J, Niemeyer D, Hughes J, McLean D, McLean J, Ralph J. Development of a microwave stunning system for cattle 2: Preliminary observations on behavioural responses and EEG. Res Vet Sci 2019; 122:72-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2018.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
36
|
Niemeyer D, Mösbauer K, Klein EM, Sieberg A, Mettelman RC, Mielech AM, Dijkman R, Baker SC, Drosten C, Müller MA. The papain-like protease determines a virulence trait that varies among members of the SARS-coronavirus species. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1007296. [PMID: 30248143 PMCID: PMC6171950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1007296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SARS-coronavirus (CoV) is a zoonotic agent derived from rhinolophid bats, in which a plethora of SARS-related, conspecific viral lineages exist. Whereas the variability of virulence among reservoir-borne viruses is unknown, it is generally assumed that the emergence of epidemic viruses from animal reservoirs requires human adaptation. To understand the influence of a viral factor in relation to interspecies spillover, we studied the papain-like protease (PLP) of SARS-CoV. This key enzyme drives the early stages of infection as it cleaves the viral polyprotein, deubiquitinates viral and cellular proteins, and antagonizes the interferon (IFN) response. We identified a bat SARS-CoV PLP, which shared 86% amino acid identity with SARS-CoV PLP, and used reverse genetics to insert it into the SARS-CoV genome. The resulting virus replicated like SARS-CoV in Vero cells but was suppressed in IFN competent MA-104 (3.7-fold), Calu-3 (2.6-fold) and human airway epithelial cells (10.3-fold). Using ectopically-expressed PLP variants as well as full SARS-CoV infectious clones chimerized for PLP, we found that a protease-independent, anti-IFN function exists in SARS-CoV, but not in a SARS-related, bat-borne virus. This PLP-mediated anti-IFN difference was seen in primate, human as well as bat cells, thus independent of the host context. The results of this study revealed that coronavirus PLP confers a variable virulence trait among members of the species SARS-CoV, and that a SARS-CoV lineage with virulent PLPs may have pre-existed in the reservoir before onset of the epidemic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kirstin Mösbauer
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Eva M. Klein
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Andrea Sieberg
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
| | - Robert C. Mettelman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Anna M. Mielech
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Ronald Dijkman
- Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern & Mittelhäusern, Switzerland
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Susan C. Baker
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University of Chicago, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel A. Müller
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Bonn, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research, associated partner Charité, Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wiese M, Schwarz S, Muntau AC, Santer R, Niemeyer D, Petermann C. Morbus Niemann-Pick Typ B – Eine seltene lysosomale Speichererkrankung – Ein Patientenfall mit pulmonaler Beteiligung. Pneumologie 2018. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1619334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Wiese
- Lungenabteilung; Asklepios Klinikum Harburg
| | - S Schwarz
- Lungenabteilung; Asklepios Klinikum Harburg
| | - AC Muntau
- Zentrum für Geburtshilfe, Kinder- und Jugendmedizin; Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin; Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf
| | - R Santer
- Zentrum für Geburtshilfe, Kinder- und Jugendmedizin; Klinik und Poliklinik für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin; Universitätsklinikum Eppendorf
| | - D Niemeyer
- Lungenabteilung; Asklepios Klinikum Harburg
| | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
The four endemic human coronaviruses HCoV-229E, -NL63, -OC43, and -HKU1 contribute a considerable share of upper and lower respiratory tract infections in adults and children. While their clinical representation resembles that of many other agents of the common cold, their evolutionary histories, and host associations could provide important insights into the natural history of past human pandemics. For two of these viruses, we have strong evidence suggesting an origin in major livestock species while primordial associations for all four viruses may have existed with bats and rodents. HCoV-NL63 and -229E may originate from bat reservoirs as assumed for many other coronaviruses, but HCoV-OC43 and -HKU1 seem more likely to have speciated from rodent-associated viruses. HCoV-OC43 is thought to have emerged from ancestors in domestic animals such as cattle or swine. The bovine coronavirus has been suggested to be a possible ancestor, from which HCoV-OC43 may have emerged in the context of a pandemic recorded historically at the end of the 19th century. New data suggest that HCoV-229E may actually be transferred from dromedary camels similar to Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) coronavirus. This scenario provides important ecological parallels to the present prepandemic pattern of host associations of the MERS coronavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor M Corman
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Doreen Muth
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Virology, Berlin, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Muth D, Meyer B, Niemeyer D, Schroeder S, Osterrieder N, Müller MA, Drosten C. Transgene expression in the genome of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus based on a novel reverse genetics system utilizing Red-mediated recombination cloning. J Gen Virol 2017; 98:2461-2469. [PMID: 28984231 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is a high-priority pathogen in pandemic preparedness research. Reverse genetics systems are a valuable tool to study viral replication and pathogenesis, design attenuated vaccines and create defined viral assay systems for applications such as antiviral screening. Here we present a novel reverse genetics system for MERS-CoV that involves maintenance of the full-length viral genome as a cDNA copy inserted in a bacterial artificial chromosome amenable to manipulation by homologue recombination, based on the bacteriophage λ Red recombination system. Based on a full-length infectious MERS-CoV cDNA clone, optimal genomic insertion sites and expression strategies for GFP were identified and used to generate a reporter MERS-CoV expressing GFP in addition to the complete set of viral proteins. GFP was genetically fused to the N-terminal part of protein 4a, from which it is released during translation via porcine teschovirus 2A peptide activity. The resulting reporter virus achieved titres nearly identical to the wild-type virus 48 h after infection of Vero cells at m.o.i. 0.001 (1×105 p.f.u. ml-1 and 3×105 p.f.u. ml-1, respectively), and allowed determination of the 50 % inhibitory concentration for the known MERS-CoV inhibitor cyclosporine A based on fluorescence readout. The resulting value was 2.41 µM, which corresponds to values based on wild-type virus. The reverse genetics system described herein can be efficiently mutated by Red-mediated recombination. The GFP-expressing reporter virus contains the full set of MERS-CoV proteins and achieves wild-type titres in cell culture.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Doreen Muth
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Benjamin Meyer
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Daniela Niemeyer
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Schroeder
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Osterrieder
- Institut für Virologie, Robert von Ostertag-Haus, Zentrum für Infektionsmedizin, Freie Universität Berlin, Robert-von-Ostertag-Str. 7-13, 14163 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcel Alexander Müller
- Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany.,Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany.,German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Inhoffenstraße 7, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany.,Institute of Virology, Helmut-Ruska-Haus, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Pfefferle S, Schöpf J, Kögl M, Friedel CC, Müller MA, Carbajo-Lozoya J, Stellberger T, von Dall’Armi E, Herzog P, Kallies S, Niemeyer D, Ditt V, Kuri T, Züst R, Pumpor K, Hilgenfeld R, Schwarz F, Zimmer R, Steffen I, Weber F, Thiel V, Herrler G, Thiel HJ, Schwegmann-Weßels C, Pöhlmann S, Haas J, Drosten C, von Brunn A. The SARS-coronavirus-host interactome: identification of cyclophilins as target for pan-coronavirus inhibitors. PLoS Pathog 2011; 7:e1002331. [PMID: 22046132 PMCID: PMC3203193 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1002331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 327] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronaviruses (CoVs) are important human and animal pathogens that induce fatal respiratory, gastrointestinal and neurological disease. The outbreak of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002/2003 has demonstrated human vulnerability to (Coronavirus) CoV epidemics. Neither vaccines nor therapeutics are available against human and animal CoVs. Knowledge of host cell proteins that take part in pivotal virus-host interactions could define broad-spectrum antiviral targets. In this study, we used a systems biology approach employing a genome-wide yeast-two hybrid interaction screen to identify immunopilins (PPIA, PPIB, PPIH, PPIG, FKBP1A, FKBP1B) as interaction partners of the CoV non-structural protein 1 (Nsp1). These molecules modulate the Calcineurin/NFAT pathway that plays an important role in immune cell activation. Overexpression of NSP1 and infection with live SARS-CoV strongly increased signalling through the Calcineurin/NFAT pathway and enhanced the induction of interleukin 2, compatible with late-stage immunopathogenicity and long-term cytokine dysregulation as observed in severe SARS cases. Conversely, inhibition of cyclophilins by cyclosporine A (CspA) blocked the replication of CoVs of all genera, including SARS-CoV, human CoV-229E and -NL-63, feline CoV, as well as avian infectious bronchitis virus. Non-immunosuppressive derivatives of CspA might serve as broad-range CoV inhibitors applicable against emerging CoVs as well as ubiquitous pathogens of humans and livestock.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Pfefferle
- Bernhard-Nocht-Institute, Hamburg, Germany
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Julia Schöpf
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
| | | | - Caroline C. Friedel
- Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, München, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Javier Carbajo-Lozoya
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
| | - Thorsten Stellberger
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
| | | | - Petra Herzog
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Stefan Kallies
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Vanessa Ditt
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Thomas Kuri
- IMMH, Albert-Ludwigs-University-Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roland Züst
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Ksenia Pumpor
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | - Rolf Hilgenfeld
- Institute of Biochemistry, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
| | | | - Ralf Zimmer
- Institute for Informatics, LMU Munich, München, Germany
| | - Imke Steffen
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Friedemann Weber
- IMMH, Albert-Ludwigs-University-Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Volker Thiel
- Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Georg Herrler
- Institute of Virology, Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heinz-Jürgen Thiel
- Institute for Virology, Fachbereich Veterinärmedizin, Justus-Liebig Universität Gießen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Pöhlmann
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jürgen Haas
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
- Division of Pathway Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
- * E-mail: (AvB); (CD); (JH)
| | - Christian Drosten
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- * E-mail: (AvB); (CD); (JH)
| | - Albrecht von Brunn
- Max-von-Pettenkofer Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University (LMU) Munich, München, Germany
- * E-mail: (AvB); (CD); (JH)
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Dempsey MP, Dobson M, Zhang C, Zhang M, Lion C, Gutiérrez-Martín CB, Iwen PC, Fey PD, Olson ME, Niemeyer D, Francesconi S, Crawford R, Stanley M, Rhodes J, Wagner DM, Vogler AJ, Birdsell D, Keim P, Johansson A, Hinrichs SH, Benson AK. Genomic deletion marking an emerging subclone of Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica in France and the Iberian Peninsula. Appl Environ Microbiol 2007; 73:7465-70. [PMID: 17890329 PMCID: PMC2168206 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00646-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica is widely disseminated in North America and the boreal and temperate regions of the Eurasian continent. Comparative genomic analyses identified a 1.59-kb genomic deletion specific to F. tularensis subsp. holarctica isolates from Spain and France. Phylogenetic analysis of strains carrying this deletion by multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis showed that the strains comprise a highly related set of genotypes, implying that these strains were recently introduced or recently emerged by clonal expansion in France and the Iberian Peninsula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Dempsey
- Division of Microbiology, Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
|
43
|
Niemeyer D, Elssner T, Fahr K, Peters D, Wenzel T, Petkovski E, Kostrzewa M. Detection of genetic variation by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry: rapid SNP genotyping using the GENOLINK system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0531-5131(03)01836-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
|
44
|
Abd Hamid S, Othman D, Abdullah N, Timpe O, Knobl S, Niemeyer D, Wagner J, Su D, Schlögl R. Structurally Complex Molybdenum Oxide Model Catalysts for the Selective Oxidation of Propene. Top Catal 2003. [DOI: 10.1023/b:toca.0000003080.88144.3d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
|
45
|
McAvin JC, Reilly PA, Roudabush RM, Barnes WJ, Salmen A, Jackson GW, Beninga KK, Astorga A, McCleskey FK, Huff WB, Niemeyer D, Lohman KL. Sensitive and specific method for rapid identification of Streptococcus pneumoniae using real-time fluorescence PCR. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39:3446-51. [PMID: 11574554 PMCID: PMC88370 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.39.10.3446-3451.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular surveillance of pathogens has shown the need for rapid and dependable methods for the identification of organisms of clinical and epidemiological importance. As the leading cause of community-acquired pneumonia, Streptococcus pneumoniae was used as a model organism to develop and refine a real-time fluorescence PCR assay and enhanced DNA purification method. Seventy clinical isolates of S. pneumoniae, verified by latex agglutination, were screened against 26 negative control clinical isolates employing a TaqMan assay on a thermocycler (LightCycler). The probe, constructed from the lytA gene, correctly detected all S. pneumoniae genomes without cross-reaction to negative controls. The speed and ease of this approach will make it adaptable to identification of many bacterial pathogens and provide potential for adaptation to direct detection from patient specimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J C McAvin
- Molecular Epidemiology Branch, Air Force Institute for Environment and Occupational Health Risk Analysis/Epidemiology Surveillance Division, Brooks Air Force Base, San Antonio, Texas 78235, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Niemeyer D, Becker A. The molecular weight distribution of succinoglycan produced by Sinorhizobium meliloti is influenced by specific tyrosine phosphorylation and ATPase activity of the cytoplasmic domain of the ExoP protein. J Bacteriol 2001; 183:5163-70. [PMID: 11489870 PMCID: PMC95393 DOI: 10.1128/jb.183.17.5163-5170.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
It is thought that in the gram-negative soil bacterium Sinorhizobium meliloti the protein ExoP is involved in biosynthesis of the acidic exopolysaccharide succinoglycan (EPS I). The amounts and compositions of EPS I produced by mutants expressing ExoP proteins characterized by specific amino acid substitutions in the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain were analyzed. The cytoplasmic domain of the ExoP protein was shown to have ATPase activity. Mutations in the highly conserved Walker A ATP-binding motif prevented ATPase activity of the ExoP protein. Phenotypically, these mutations resulted in much lower levels of succinoglycan which consisted only of monomers of the octasaccharide repeating unit. The ExoP protein has similarities to proteins with autophosphorylating protein tyrosine kinase activity. We found that ExoP was phosphorylated on tyrosine and that site-directed mutagenesis of specific tyrosine residues in the cytoplasmic domain of ExoP resulted in an altered ratio of low-molecular-weight succinoglycan to high-molecular-weight succinoglycan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Niemeyer
- Lehrstuhl für Genetik, Fakultät für Biologie, Universität Bielefeld, D-33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Smalla K, Heuer H, Götz A, Niemeyer D, Krögerrecklenfort E, Tietze E. Exogenous isolation of antibiotic resistance plasmids from piggery manure slurries reveals a high prevalence and diversity of IncQ-like plasmids. Appl Environ Microbiol 2000; 66:4854-62. [PMID: 11055935 PMCID: PMC92391 DOI: 10.1128/aem.66.11.4854-4862.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 142] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2000] [Accepted: 08/17/2000] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance plasmids were exogenously isolated in biparental matings with piggery manure bacteria as plasmid donors in Escherichia coli CV601 and Pseudomonas putida UWC1 recipients. Surprisingly, IncQ-like plasmids were detected by dot blot hybridization with an IncQ oriV probe in several P. putida UWC1 transconjugants. The capture of IncQ-like plasmids in biparental matings indicates not only their high prevalence in manure slurries but also the presence of efficiently mobilizing plasmids. In order to elucidate unusual hybridization data (weak or no hybridization with IncQ repB or IncQ oriT probes) four IncQ-like plasmids (pIE1107, pIE1115, pIE1120, and pIE1130), each representing a different EcoRV restriction pattern, were selected for a more thorough plasmid characterization after transfer into E. coli K-12 strain DH5alpha by transformation. The characterization of the IncQ-like plasmids revealed an astonishingly high diversity with regard to phenotypic and genotypic properties. Four different multiple antibiotic resistance patterns were found to be conferred by the IncQ-like plasmids. The plasmids could be mobilized by the RP4 derivative pTH10 into Acinetobacter sp., Ralstonia eutropha, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, and P. putida, but they showed diverse patterns of stability under nonselective growth conditions in different host backgrounds. Incompatibility testing and PCR analysis clearly revealed at least two different types of IncQ-like plasmids. PCR amplification of total DNA extracted directly from different manure samples and other environments indicated the prevalence of both types of IncQ plasmids in manure, sewage, and farm soil. These findings suggest that IncQ plasmids play an important role in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Smalla
- Biologische Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Institut für Pflanzenvirologie, Mikrobiologie und biologische Sicherheit, D-38104 Braunschweig, Germany.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lee M, Niemeyer D, Seilheimer D, Abramson S, Lin Z, Gu M. Cat 6 mo increases symptoms: online physician charting and more. Proc Annu Symp Comput Appl Med Care 1995:81-5. [PMID: 8563403 PMCID: PMC2579060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The physicians of the Children's Asthma Center and the computer scientists of Information Services at Texas Children's Hospital set out to design a system that is comfortable to use, structured enough to effectively measure outcomes, yet flexible enough to conserve the individuality of the patient. To achieve these goals, we examined how the differential diagnosis process is applied to clinical decision making and implemented it in a clinical workstation. Unique patterns representing the state of the patient's disease are formed by dynamically selecting pertinent sets of observations, assigning attributes to these observations, and describing relationships between observations and/or sets of observations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Lee
- Information Services, Texas Children's Hospital, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Bal DG, Kizer KW, Felten PG, Mozar HN, Niemeyer D. Reducing tobacco consumption in California. Development of a statewide anti-tobacco use campaign. JAMA 1990; 264:1570-4. [PMID: 2395199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cigarette smoking continues to be the leading preventable cause of death in California and the United States. Although substantial progress has been made over the past 25 years, there is growing recognition of the need for large-scale efforts to reduce tobacco use. Given their central roles in implementing public health programs and their ability to reach many of the groups most at risk of tobacco use uptake and tobacco-related disease, state health agencies have an important challenge before them. This article describes the development and operation of a statewide, publicly funded anti-tobacco use campaign currently undertaken by the California Department of Health Services under the auspices of the state's Tobacco Tax and Health Promotion Act of 1988 (Proposition 99), which increased excise taxes on cigarettes by 25 cents per pack sold in the state. A discussion of problems in implementation and operation being incurred may be relevant to the planning of similar campaigns elsewhere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D G Bal
- California Department of Health Services, Chronic Diseases Control Branch, Sacramento 95819
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
|