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Mwanake RM, Imhof HK, Kiese R. Divergent drivers of the spatial variation in greenhouse gas concentrations and fluxes along the Rhine River and the Mittelland Canal in Germany. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024:10.1007/s11356-024-33394-8. [PMID: 38649602 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Lotic ecosystems are sources of greenhouse gases (GHGs) to the atmosphere, but their emissions are uncertain due to longitudinal GHG heterogeneities associated with point source pollution from anthropogenic activities. In this study, we quantified summer concentrations and fluxes of carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O), and dinitrogen (N2), as well as several water quality parameters along the Rhine River and the Mittelland Canal, two critical inland waterways in Germany. Our main objectives were to compare GHG concentrations and fluxes along the two ecosystems and to determine the main driving factors responsible for their longitudinal GHG heterogeneities. The results indicated that the two ecosystems were sources of GHG fluxes to the atmosphere, with the Mittelland Canal being a hotspot for CH4 and N2O fluxes. We also found significant longitudinal GHG flux discontinuities along the mainstems of both ecosystems, which were mainly driven by divergent drivers. Along the Mittelland Canal, peak CO2 and CH4 fluxes coincided with point pollution sources such as a joining river tributary or the presence of harbors, while harbors and in-situ biogeochemical processes such as methanogenesis and respiration mainly explained CH4 and CO2 hotspots along the Rhine River. In contrast to CO2 and CH4 fluxes, N2O longitudinal trends along the two lotic ecosystems were better predicted by in-situ parameters such as chlorophyll-a concentrations and N2 fluxes. Based on a positive relationship with N2 fluxes, we hypothesized that in-situ denitrification was driving N2O hotspots in the Canal, while a negative relationship with N2 in the Rhine River suggested that coupled biological N2 fixation and nitrification accounted for N2O hotspots. These findings stress the need to include N2 flux estimates in GHG studies, as it can potentially improve our understanding of whether nitrogen is fixed through N2 fixation or lost through denitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricky Mwangada Mwanake
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany.
| | - Hannes Klaus Imhof
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
| | - Ralf Kiese
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research, Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Kreuzeckbahnstrasse 19, 82467, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Germany
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Siepmann R, Huppertz M, Rastkhiz A, Reen M, Corban E, Schmidt C, Wilke S, Schad P, Yüksel C, Kuhl C, Truhn D, Nebelung S. The virtual reference radiologist: comprehensive AI assistance for clinical image reading and interpretation. Eur Radiol 2024:10.1007/s00330-024-10727-2. [PMID: 38627289 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-024-10727-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Large language models (LLMs) have shown potential in radiology, but their ability to aid radiologists in interpreting imaging studies remains unexplored. We investigated the effects of a state-of-the-art LLM (GPT-4) on the radiologists' diagnostic workflow. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study, six radiologists of different experience levels read 40 selected radiographic [n = 10], CT [n = 10], MRI [n = 10], and angiographic [n = 10] studies unassisted (session one) and assisted by GPT-4 (session two). Each imaging study was presented with demographic data, the chief complaint, and associated symptoms, and diagnoses were registered using an online survey tool. The impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI) on diagnostic accuracy, confidence, user experience, input prompts, and generated responses was assessed. False information was registered. Linear mixed-effect models were used to quantify the factors (fixed: experience, modality, AI assistance; random: radiologist) influencing diagnostic accuracy and confidence. RESULTS When assessing if the correct diagnosis was among the top-3 differential diagnoses, diagnostic accuracy improved slightly from 181/240 (75.4%, unassisted) to 188/240 (78.3%, AI-assisted). Similar improvements were found when only the top differential diagnosis was considered. AI assistance was used in 77.5% of the readings. Three hundred nine prompts were generated, primarily involving differential diagnoses (59.1%) and imaging features of specific conditions (27.5%). Diagnostic confidence was significantly higher when readings were AI-assisted (p > 0.001). Twenty-three responses (7.4%) were classified as hallucinations, while two (0.6%) were misinterpretations. CONCLUSION Integrating GPT-4 in the diagnostic process improved diagnostic accuracy slightly and diagnostic confidence significantly. Potentially harmful hallucinations and misinterpretations call for caution and highlight the need for further safeguarding measures. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT Using GPT-4 as a virtual assistant when reading images made six radiologists of different experience levels feel more confident and provide more accurate diagnoses; yet, GPT-4 gave factually incorrect and potentially harmful information in 7.4% of its responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Siepmann
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc Huppertz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Annika Rastkhiz
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Matthias Reen
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eric Corban
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christian Schmidt
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Wilke
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Philipp Schad
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Can Yüksel
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christiane Kuhl
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Daniel Truhn
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sven Nebelung
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
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Berckx F, Wibberg D, Brachmann A, Morrison C, Obaid NB, Blom J, Kalinowski J, Wall LG, Pawlowski K. Genome analysis and biogeographic distribution of the earliest divergent Frankia clade in the southern hemisphere. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae042. [PMID: 38520167 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Coriariaceae are a small plant family of 14-17 species and subspecies that currently have a global but disjunct distribution. All species can form root nodules in symbiosis with diazotrophic Frankia cluster-2 strains, which form the earliest divergent symbiotic clade within this bacterial genus. Studies on Frankia cluster-2 mostly have focused on strains occurring in the northern hemisphere. Except for one strain from Papua New Guinea, namely Candidatus Frankia meridionalis Cppng1, no complete genome of Frankia associated with Coriaria occurring in the southern hemisphere has been published thus far, yet the majority of the Coriariaceae species occur here. We present field sampling data of novel Frankia cluster-2 strains, representing two novel species, which are associated with Coriaria arborea and Coriaria sarmentosa in New Zealand, and with Coriaria ruscifolia in Patagonia (Argentina), in addition to identifying Ca. F. meridionalis present in New Zealand. The novel Frankia species were found to be closely related to both Ca. F. meridionalis, and a Frankia species occurring in the Philippines, Taiwan, and Japan. Our data suggest that the different Frankia cluster-2 species diverged early after becoming symbiotic circa 100 million years ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fede Berckx
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 756 51 Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Andreas Brachmann
- LMU München, Faculty of Biology, Genetics, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Ciara Morrison
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nadia B Obaid
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jochen Blom
- Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Luis G Wall
- CONICET, National Council for Scientific and Technical Research, Argentina
- Department of Science and Technology, National University of Quilmes, B12876BXD Bernal, Argentina
| | - Katharina Pawlowski
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Science, Stockholm University, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden
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Sun B, Li Z, Xiao D, Liu H, Song K, Wang Z, Liu Y, Zheng Z, Wang P, Dai Y, Huang B, Thomas A, Cheng H. Unveiling pH-Dependent Adsorption Strength of *CO 2 - Intermediate over High-Density Sn Single Atom Catalyst for Acidic CO 2-to-HCOOH Electroreduction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318874. [PMID: 38361162 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 01/25/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
The acidic electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR) for direct formic acid (HCOOH) production holds promise in meeting the carbon-neutral target, yet its performance is hindered by the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Understanding the adsorption strength of the key intermediates in acidic electrolyte is indispensable to favor CO2RR over HER. In this work, high-density Sn single atom catalysts (SACs) were prepared and used as catalyst, to reveal the pH-dependent adsorption strength and coverage of *CO2 - intermediatethat enables enhanced acidic CO2RR towards direct HCOOH production. At pH=3, Sn SACs could deliver a high Faradaic efficiency (90.8 %) of HCOOH formation and a corresponding partial current density up to -178.5 mA cm-2. The detailed in situ attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopic studies reveal that a favorable alkaline microenvironment for CO2RR to HCOOH is formed near the surface of Sn SACs, even in the acidic electrolyte. More importantly, the pH-dependent adsorption strength of *CO2 - intermediate is unravelled over the Sn SACs, which in turn affects the competition between HER and CO2RR in acidic electrolyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zaiqi Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Difei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Kepeng Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zeyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Zhaoke Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Peng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Ying Dai
- School of Physics, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Baibiao Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
| | - Arne Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Functional Materials, Technical University Berlin, Berlin, 10623, Germany
| | - Hefeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Institute of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China
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Györfi AH, Filla T, Dickel N, Möller F, Li YN, Bergmann C, Matei AE, Harrer T, Kunz M, Schett G, Distler JHW. Performance of serum biomarkers reflective of different pathogenic processes in systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2024; 63:962-969. [PMID: 37421394 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kead332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is the leading cause of mortality in SSc. Novel biomarkers are crucial to improve outcomes in SSc-ILD. We aimed to compare the performance of potential serum biomarkers of SSc-ILD that reflect different pathogenic processes: KL-6 and SP-D (epithelial injury), CCL18 (type 2 immune response), YKL-40 (endothelial injury and matrix remodelling) and MMP-7 (ECM remodelling). METHODS Baseline and follow-up serum samples from 225 SSc patients were analysed by ELISA. Progressive ILD was defined according to the 2022-ATS/ERS/JRS/ALAT guidelines. Linear mixed models and random forest models were used for statistical analyses. RESULTS Serum levels of KL-6 [MD 35.67 (95% CI 22.44-48.89, P < 0.01)], SP-D [81.13 (28.46-133.79, P < 0.01)], CCL18 [17.07 (6.36-27.77, P < 0.01)], YKL-40 [22.81 (7.19-38.44, P < 0.01)] and MMP-7 [2.84 (0.88-4.80, P < 0.01)] were independently associated with the presence of SSc-ILD. A machine-learning model including all candidates classified patients with or without ILD with an accuracy of 85%. The combination of KL-6 and SP-D was associated with the presence [0.77 (0.53-1.00, P' <0.01)] and previous progression of SSc-ILD [OR 1.28 (1.01-1.61, P' =0.047)]. Higher baseline levels of KL-6 [OR 3.70 (1.52-9.03, P < 0.01)] or SP-D [OR 2.00 (1.06-3.78, P = 0.03)] increased the odds of future SSc-ILD progression, independent of other conventional risk factors, and the combination of KL-6 and SP-D [1.109 (0.665-1.554, P < 0.01)] showed improved performance compared with KL-6 and SP-D alone. CONCLUSION All candidates performed well as diagnostic biomarkers for SSc-ILD. The combination of KL-6 and SP-D might serve as biomarker for the identification of SSc patients at risk of ILD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea-Hermina Györfi
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Unit, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tim Filla
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Unit, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Nicholas Dickel
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Möller
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Yi-Nan Li
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Unit, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina Bergmann
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Alexandru-Emil Matei
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Unit, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Thomas Harrer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Meik Kunz
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine (ITEM), Hanover, Germany
- Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence Immune-Mediated Diseases (CIMD), Hannover, Germany
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Friedrich-Alexander-University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum Immuntherapie (DZI), Friedrich-Alexander University (FAU) Erlangen-Nürnberg and Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Clinic for Rheumatology, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Hiller Research Unit, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Medical Faculty of Heinrich-Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
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6
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Liu Y, Wang L, Hübner R, Kresse J, Zhang X, Deconinick M, Vaynzof Y, Weidinger IM, Eychmüller A. Cobalt-based Co 3Mo 3N/Co 4N/Co Metallic Heterostructure as a Highly Active Electrocatalyst for Alkaline Overall Water Splitting. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202319239. [PMID: 38314947 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202319239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Alkaline water electrolysis holds promise for large-scale hydrogen production, yet it encounters challenges like high voltage and limited stability at higher current densities, primarily due to inefficient electron transport kinetics. Herein, a novel cobalt-based metallic heterostructure (Co3Mo3N/Co4N/Co) is designed for excellent water electrolysis. In operando Raman experiments reveal that the formation of the Co3Mo3N/Co4N heterointerface boosts the free water adsorption and dissociation, increasing the available protons for subsequent hydrogen production. Furthermore, the altered electronic structure of the Co3Mo3N/Co4N heterointerface optimizes ΔGH of the nitrogen atoms at the interface. This synergistic effect between interfacial nitrogen atoms and metal phase cobalt creates highly efficient active sites for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), thereby enhancing the overall HER performance. Additionally, the heterostructure exhibits a rapid OH- adsorption rate, coupled with great adsorption strength, leading to improved oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance. Crucially, the metallic heterojunction accelerates electron transport, expediting the afore-mentioned reaction steps and enhancing water splitting efficiency. The Co3Mo3N/Co4N/Co electrocatalyst in the water electrolyzer delivers excellent performance, with a low 1.58 V cell voltage at 10 mA cm-2, and maintains 100 % retention over 100 hours at 200 mA cm-2, surpassing the Pt/C||RuO2 electrolyzer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanwu Liu
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lirong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - René Hübner
- Institute of Ion Beam Physics and Materials Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf e.V., Bautzner Landstrasse 400, 01328, Dresden, Germany
| | - Johannes Kresse
- Physical Chemistry, TU Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Xiaoming Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin, 300130, China
| | - Marielle Deconinick
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, Dresden, 01187 Sachsen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069 Sachsen, Germany
| | - Yana Vaynzof
- Chair for Emerging Electronic Technologies, TU Dresden, Nöthnitzer Str. 61, Dresden, 01187 Sachsen, Germany
- Leibniz-Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden, Helmholtzstraße 20, Dresden, 01069 Sachsen, Germany
| | - Inez M Weidinger
- Fakultät Chemie und Lebensmittelchemie, Technische Universität Dresden, Zellescher Weg 19, 01069, Dresden, Germany
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Duchow A, Bellmann-Strobl J, Friede T, Aktas O, Angstwurm K, Ayzenberg I, Berthele A, Dawin E, Engels D, Fischer K, Flaskamp M, Giglhuber K, Grothe M, Havla J, Hümmert MW, Jarius S, Kaste M, Kern P, Kleiter I, Klotz L, Korporal-Kuhnke M, Kraemer M, Krumbholz M, Kümpfel T, Lohmann L, Ringelstein M, Rommer P, Schindler P, Schubert C, Schwake C, Senel M, Then Bergh F, Tkachenko D, Tumani H, Trebst C, Vardakas I, Walter A, Warnke C, Weber MS, Wickel J, Wildemann B, Winkelmann A, Paul F, Stellmann JP, Häußler V. Time to Disability Milestones and Annualized Relapse Rates in NMOSD and MOGAD. Ann Neurol 2024; 95:720-732. [PMID: 38086777 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate accumulation of disability in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) in a changing treatment landscape. We aimed to identify risk factors for the development of disability milestones in relation to disease duration, number of attacks, and age. METHODS We analyzed data from individuals with NMOSD and MOGAD from the German Neuromyelitis Optica Study Group registry. Applying survival analyses, we estimated risk factors and computed time to disability milestones as defined by the Expanded Disability Status Score (EDSS). RESULTS We included 483 patients: 298 AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD, 52 AQP4-IgG-/MOG-IgG- NMOSD patients, and 133 patients with MOGAD. Despite comparable annualized attack rates, disability milestones occurred earlier and after less attacks in NMOSD patients than MOGAD patients (median time to EDSS 3: AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD 7.7 (95% CI 6.6-9.6) years, AQP4-IgG-/MOG-IgG- NMOSD 8.7) years, MOGAD 14.1 (95% CI 10.4-27.6) years; EDSS 4: 11.9 (95% CI 9.7-14.7), 11.6 (95% lower CI 7.6) and 20.4 (95% lower CI 14.1) years; EDSS 6: 20.1 (95% CI 16.5-32.1), 20.7 (95% lower CI 11.6), and 37.3 (95% lower CI 29.4) years; and EDSS 7: 34.2 (95% lower CI 31.1) for AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD). Higher age at onset increased the risk for all disability milestones, while risk of disability decreased over time. INTERPRETATION AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD, AQP4-IgG-/MOG-IgG- NMOSD, and MOGAD patients show distinctive relapse-associated disability progression, with MOGAD having a less severe disease course. Investigator-initiated research has led to increasing awareness and improved treatment strategies appearing to ameliorate disease outcomes for NMOSD and MOGAD. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:720-732.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankelien Duchow
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Judith Bellmann-Strobl
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Tim Friede
- Department of Medical Statistics, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Orhan Aktas
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Klemens Angstwurm
- Department of Neurology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ilya Ayzenberg
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Achim Berthele
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Eva Dawin
- Department of Neurology with Institute of translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Daniel Engels
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Katinka Fischer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Martina Flaskamp
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Katrin Giglhuber
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Grothe
- Department of Neurology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Joachim Havla
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin W Hümmert
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Jarius
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Kaste
- Department of Neurology, Nordwest Hospital Sanderbusch, Sande, Germany
| | - Peter Kern
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Expert Clinic Teupitz, Teupitz, Germany
| | - Ingo Kleiter
- Marianne-Strauß-Klinik, Behandlungszentrum Kempfenhausen für Multiple Sklerose Kranke, Berg, Germany
| | - Luisa Klotz
- Department of Neurology with Institute of translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Mirjam Korporal-Kuhnke
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Kraemer
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Alfried Krupp Hospital, Essen, Germany
| | - Markus Krumbholz
- Department of Neurology and Pain Treatment, Multiple Sclerosis Center, Center for Translational Medicine, Immanuel Klinik Rüdersdorf, University Hospital of the Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
- Faculty of Health Sciences Brandenburg, Brandenburg Medical School Theodor Fontane, Rüdersdorf bei Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurology & Stroke, University Hospital of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tania Kümpfel
- Institute of Clinical Neuroimmunology, LMU Hospital, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Lohmann
- Department of Neurology with Institute of translational Neurology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Marius Ringelstein
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Centre for Neurology and Neuropsychiatry, LVR-Klinikum, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Paulus Rommer
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Neurology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
| | - Patrick Schindler
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Schubert
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carolin Schwake
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Makbule Senel
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Daria Tkachenko
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Corinna Trebst
- Department of Neurology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Annette Walter
- Department of Neurology, Herford Hospital, Herford, Germany
| | - Clemens Warnke
- Department of Neurology, University of Cologne, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Martin S Weber
- Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and, Pharmacology, Göttingen, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Wickel
- Section of Translational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Brigitte Wildemann
- Molecular Neuroimmunology Group, Department of Neurology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Friedemann Paul
- Neuroscience Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin, Germany
| | - Jan-Patrick Stellmann
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- APHM, Hopital de la Timone, CEMEREM, Marseille, France
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, CRMBM, Marseille, France
| | - Vivien Häußler
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neuroimmunology and MS (INIMS), University Medical Center Hamburg -Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Stachowska E, Gudan A, Mańkowska-Wierzbicka D, Liebe R, Krawczyk M. Dysbiosis and nutrition in steatotic liver disease: addressing the unrecognized small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) challenge. Intern Emerg Med 2024:10.1007/s11739-024-03533-7. [PMID: 38499938 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-024-03533-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
Steatotic liver disease (SLD) is characterized by hepatic fat accumulation, potentially causing major consequences such as liver decompensation. Currently, we lack medications for the treatment of SLD. Therapeutic recommendations for patients include a hypocaloric diet, weight loss, and physical activity. In particular, the Mediterranean diet is frequently recommended. However, this diet might exacerbate intestinal problems in a subset of patients with coexisting small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO). Previous studies have reported that SIBO is more predominant in patients with fatty liver than in healthy individuals. Both our research and the findings of others have highlighted a challenge related to nutritional therapy in patients with fatty liver who also suffer from SIBO inasmuch as SIBO induces several phenomena (like bloating or abdominal pain) that can adversely affect patients' quality of life and might be exacerbated by the Mediterranean diet. This may lower their adherence to the intervention. As a solution, we suggest introducing additional diagnostics (e.g., breath test) in patients with SLD who complain of SIBO-like symptoms. The next step is to modify their diets temporarily starting with several weeks of "elimination and sanitation." This would involve restricting products rich in fermentable sugars and polyols, while simultaneously treating the bacterial overgrowth. In summary, while the hypocaloric Mediterranean diet is beneficial for patients with fatty liver, those with coexisting SIBO may experience exacerbated symptoms. It is vital to consider additional diagnostics and dietary modifications for this subset of patients to address both liver and intestinal health concurrently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stachowska
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland.
| | - Anna Gudan
- Department of Human Nutrition and Metabolomics, Pomeranian Medical University, Broniewskiego 24, 71-460, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dorota Mańkowska-Wierzbicka
- Department of Gastroenterology, Dietetics and Internal Diseases, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - Roman Liebe
- Clinic of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectious Diseases, Otto-von-Guericke-University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Krawczyk
- Department of Medicine II, Saarland University Medical Center, Saarland University, Homburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Metabolic Liver Diseases, Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Hassan HK, Hoffmann P, Jacob T. Effect of Guest Solvents on the Ionic Conductivity and Electrochemical Performance of Metal-Organic Framework-Based Magnesium Semi-Solid Electrolytes. ChemSusChem 2024; 17:e202301362. [PMID: 37889091 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202301362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Developing suitable electrolytes is crucial for the advancement of rechargeable magnesium batteries. Recently, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have shown a great interest in the field of solid electrolytes for metal ion batteries. However, the ionic conductivity as well as the electrolyte stability in the presence of Mg electrodes are shown to be strongly dependent on the guest solvent used to solvate Mg salts in MOFsSEs. Our measurements showed that full evacuation of the MOF structure before semi-solid electrolytes (sSEs) preparation is crucial for achieving relatively low Mg overpotentials regardless of the ionic conductivity values. Moreover, the behavior of the anode/MOFsSEs interfaces (MOF: α-Mg3 [HCOO]6 ; Mg salt : MgCl2 -Mg[TFSI]2 (1 : 1 wt %); guest solvent: acetone, DMF, DEG, DME and tetraglyme) was investigated by EIS, CV and galvanostatic measurements. The current comparative study of the electrochemical deposition processes of magnesium from MOFsSEs revealed that magnesium deposition/dissolution reactions vary depending on the MOF structure, the guest anion species as well as the nature of the guest solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagar K Hassan
- Department of Electrochemistry II and Theory I, Helmholtz Institute of Ulm (HIU), Helmholtz Str. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Faculty of Science, Cairo University, 12613, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Paul Hoffmann
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Department of Electrochemistry II and Theory I, Helmholtz Institute of Ulm (HIU), Helmholtz Str. 11, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, 76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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10
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Becher N, Toennis T, Bertaglia E, Blomström-Lundqvist C, Brandes A, Cabanelas N, Calvert M, Camm AJ, Chlouverakis G, Dan GA, Dichtl W, Diener HC, Fierenz A, Goette A, de Groot JR, Hermans ANL, Lip GYH, Lubinski A, Marijon E, Merkely B, Mont L, Ozga AK, Rajappan K, Sarkozy A, Scherr D, Schnabel RB, Schotten U, Sehner S, Simantirakis E, Vardas P, Velchev V, Wichterle D, Zapf A, Kirchhof P. Anticoagulation with edoxaban in patients with long atrial high-rate episodes ≥24 h. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:837-849. [PMID: 37956458 PMCID: PMC10919916 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Patients with long atrial high-rate episodes (AHREs) ≥24 h and stroke risk factors are often treated with anticoagulation for stroke prevention. Anticoagulation has never been compared with no anticoagulation in these patients. METHODS This secondary pre-specified analysis of the Non-vitamin K antagonist Oral anticoagulants in patients with Atrial High-rate episodes (NOAH-AFNET 6) trial examined interactions between AHRE duration at baseline and anticoagulation with edoxaban compared with placebo in patients with AHRE and stroke risk factors. The primary efficacy outcome was a composite of stroke, systemic embolism, or cardiovascular death. The safety outcome was a composite of major bleeding and death. Key secondary outcomes were components of these outcomes and electrocardiogram (ECG)-diagnosed atrial fibrillation. RESULTS Median follow-up of 2389 patients with core lab-verified AHRE was 1.8 years. AHRE ≥24 h were present at baseline in 259/2389 patients (11%, 78 ± 7 years old, 28% women, CHA2DS2-VASc 4). Clinical characteristics were not different from patients with shorter AHRE. The primary outcome occurred in 9/132 patients with AHRE ≥24 h (4.3%/patient-year, 2 strokes) treated with anticoagulation and in 14/127 patients treated with placebo (6.9%/patient-year, 2 strokes). Atrial high-rate episode duration did not interact with the efficacy (P-interaction = .65) or safety (P-interaction = .98) of anticoagulation. Analyses including AHRE as a continuous parameter confirmed this. Patients with AHRE ≥24 h developed more ECG-diagnosed atrial fibrillation (17.0%/patient-year) than patients with shorter AHRE (8.2%/patient-year; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS This hypothesis-generating analysis does not find an interaction between AHRE duration and anticoagulation therapy in patients with device-detected AHRE and stroke risk factors. Further research is needed to identify patients with long AHRE at high stroke risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Becher
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Postdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Toennis
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Postdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Emanuele Bertaglia
- Department of Cardiac, Vascular, Thoracic and Public Health Sciences, Azienda Ospedaliera, Padua, Italy
| | - Carina Blomström-Lundqvist
- Department of Medical Science, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden
| | - Axel Brandes
- Department of Cardiology, Esbjerg Hospital—University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Nuno Cabanelas
- Cardiology Department, Fernando Fonseca Hospital, Amadora, Portugal
| | - Melanie Calvert
- Centre for Patient Reported Outcomes Research, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
- NIHR Birmingham Biomedical Research Centre and NIHR Applied Research Collaboration West Midlands, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham, UK
| | - A John Camm
- Cardiovascular and Cell Sciences Research Institute, St George’s, University of London, and Imperial College, London, UK
| | | | - Gheorghe-Andrei Dan
- Medicine University ‘Carol Davila’, Colentina University Hospital, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Wolfgang Dichtl
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Cardiology and Angiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Hans Christoph Diener
- Department of Neuroepidemiology, Institute for Medical Informatics, Biometry and Epidemiology (IMIBE), University Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Alexander Fierenz
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas Goette
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, St Vincenz-Hospital Paderborn, Paderborn, Germany
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Mendelstrasse 11, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Joris R de Groot
- Heart Center, Department of Clinical and Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Astrid N L Hermans
- Departments of Cardiology and Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory Y H Lip
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular Science at University of Liverpool, Liverpool John Moores University and Liverpool Heart & Chest Hospital, Liverpool, UK
- Danish Center for Health Services Research, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Andrzej Lubinski
- Department of Cardiology and Internal Diseases, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Eloi Marijon
- Cardiology Division, European Georges Pompidou Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Béla Merkely
- Heart and Vascular Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Lluís Mont
- Hospital Clinic, Universtitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ann-Kathrin Ozga
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kim Rajappan
- Cardiac Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Andrea Sarkozy
- HRMC, University Hospital Brussels, VUB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Scherr
- Department of Cardiology, University Hospital Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Renate B Schnabel
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Postdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulrich Schotten
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Mendelstrasse 11, 48149 Muenster, Germany
- Departments of Cardiology and Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Sehner
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Panos Vardas
- Department of Cardiology, Heraklion University Hospital, Crete, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens (BRFAA), Greece and Hygeia Hospitals Group, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasil Velchev
- Cardiology Clinic, St.Anna University Hospital, Medical University Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dan Wichterle
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czechia
| | - Antonia Zapf
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Paulus Kirchhof
- Department of Cardiology, University Heart and Vascular Center Hamburg, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, Hamburg 20246, Germany
- German Center for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Hamburg/Kiel/Luebeck, Postdamer Str. 58, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Atrial Fibrillation NETwork (AFNET), Mendelstrasse 11, 48149 Muenster, Germany
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Papazoglou S, Ashtarayeh M, Oeschger JM, Callaghan MF, Does MD, Mohammadi S. Insights and improvements in correspondence between axonal volume fraction measured with diffusion-weighted MRI and electron microscopy. NMR Biomed 2024; 37:e5070. [PMID: 38098204 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
Biophysical diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) models are increasingly used in neuroscience to estimate the axonal water fraction (f AW ), which in turn is key for noninvasive estimation of the axonal volume fraction (f A ). These models require thorough validation by comparison with a reference method, for example, electron microscopy (EM). While EM studies often neglect the unmyelinated axons and solely report the fraction of myelinated axons, in DWI both myelinated and unmyelinated axons contribute to the DWI signal. However, DWI models often include simplifications, for example, the neglect of differences in the compartmental relaxation times or fixed diffusivities, which in turn might affect the estimation off AW . We investigate whether linear calibration parameters (scaling and offset) can improve the comparability between EM- and DWI-based metrics off A . To this end, we (a) used six DWI models based on the so-called standard model of white matter (WM), including two models with fixed compartmental diffusivities (e.g., neurite orientation dispersion and density imaging, NODDI) and four models that fitted the compartmental diffusivities (e.g., white matter tract integrity, WMTI), and (b) used a multimodal data set including ex vivo diffusion DWI and EM data in mice with a broad dynamic range of fibre volume metrics. We demonstrated that the offset is associated with the volume fraction of unmyelinated axons and the scaling factor is associated with different compartmentalT 2 and can substantially enhance the comparability between EM- and DWI-based metrics off A . We found that DWI models that fitted compartmental diffusivities provided the most accurate estimates of the EM-basedf A . Finally, we introduced a more efficient hybrid calibration approach, where only the offset is estimated but the scaling is fixed to a theoretically predicted value. Using this approach, a similar one-to-one correspondence to EM was achieved for WMTI. The method presented can pave the way for use of validated DWI-based models in clinical research and neuroscience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Papazoglou
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Research Group MR Physics, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Mohammad Ashtarayeh
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jan Malte Oeschger
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martina F Callaghan
- Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Mark D Does
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Siawoosh Mohammadi
- Department of Systems Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Max Planck Research Group MR Physics, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Neurophysics, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Araújo-Cordero AM, Caddeo F, Mahmoudi B, Bron M, Wouter Maijenburg A. Direct Electrochemical Synthesis of Metal-Organic Frameworks: Cu 3 (BTC) 2 and Cu(TCPP) on Copper Thin films and Copper-Based Microstructures. Chempluschem 2024; 89:e202300378. [PMID: 37997644 DOI: 10.1002/cplu.202300378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Cu thin films and Cu2 O microstructures were partially converted to the Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) Cu3 (BTC)2 or Cu(TCPP) using an electrochemical process with a higher control and at milder conditions compared to the traditional solvothermal MOF synthesis. Initially, either a Cu thin film was sputtered, or different kinds of Cu or Cu2 O microstructures were electrochemically deposited onto a conductive ITO glass substrate. Then, these Cu thin films or Cu-based microstructures were subsequently coated with a thin layer of either Cu3 (BTC)2 or Cu(TCPP) by controlled anodic dissolution of the Cu-based substrate at room temperature and in the presence of the desired organic linker molecules: 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid (BTC) or photoactive 4,4',4'',4'''-(Porphine-5,10,15,20-tetrayl) tetrakis(benzoic acid) (TCPP) in the electrolyte. An increase in size of the Cu micro cubes with exposed planes [100] of 38,7 % for the Cu2 O@Cu3 (BTC)2 and a 68,9 % increase for the Cu2 O@Cu(TCPP) was roughly estimated. Finally, XRD, Raman spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy were used to characterize the initial Cu films or Cu-based microstructures, and the obtained core-shell Cu2 O@Cu(BTC) and Cu2 O@Cu(TCPP) microstructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana María Araújo-Cordero
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Francesco Caddeo
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
- Institute for Nanostructures and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, Bld. 600, Room 2.59, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Behzad Mahmoudi
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - Michael Bron
- Institut für Chemie, Technische Chemie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Von-Danckelmann-Platz 4, 06120, Halle, Germany
| | - A Wouter Maijenburg
- Center for Innovation Competence SiLi-nano, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Karl-Freiherr-von-Fritsch-Straße 3, 06120, Halle, Germany
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13
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Rodriguez Buritica J, Berboth S, Hoferichter F, Raufelder D. Neural and behavioural correlates of adolescents changing academic self-concept. Br J Educ Psychol 2024. [PMID: 38389033 DOI: 10.1111/bjep.12667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mid-adolescence is an important phase of self-development in various domains including academics as well as for changes in the neural mechanisms underlying the self-concept. Students' academic self-concept (ASC) is affected by educational achievements and social others (such as teachers and peers). To what extent these external influences relate to neural dynamics during adolescents' self- and other-evaluations (i.e. of friends and teachers) which affect ASC over time is currently unclear. AIMS The current study aimed to address the question of to what extent the developing ASC is influenced by developmental changes in self- and other-evaluations (friends, teachers) and their underlying neural mechanisms as well as academic achievement. METHODS In this interdisciplinary longitudinal fMRI study, forty-seven 13-year-olds (at T1) were instructed to indicate whether positive and negative trait adjectives described themselves (self-evaluations), their teachers, or peers (other-evaluations) at two time points. We investigated how adolescents' academic self-concept is influenced by changes in their academic achievement and self- and other-evaluations (teachers and peers) 1.5-years later. RESULTS Behaviourally, both, academic achievement and positive teacher evaluations were important to prevent the observed decline in ASC during mid-adolescence. Our fMRI results showed that cortical midline structures were linked to self-evaluation, whereas the precuneus and occipital regions were related to friends- and teacher-evaluation. Here, ASC was predicted by activity changes in the precuneus during friends-evaluations for students with better academic achievement. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that academic achievement and positive teacher-evaluations could prevent the decline in ASC observed in mid-adolescents and that the neural correlates of evaluating close others within the precuneus present an important link to ASC. The current study highlights the importance of educational neuroscience studies to understand the changing ASC during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Rodriguez Buritica
- Department of Psychology, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Berlin School of Mind and Brain & Department of Psychology, Humboldt University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Education and Psychology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Stella Berboth
- Institute of Educational Science, Philosophical Faculty, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Frances Hoferichter
- Institute of Educational Science, Philosophical Faculty, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Diana Raufelder
- Institute of Educational Science, Philosophical Faculty, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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14
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Lange RW, Bloch K, Heindl MR, Wollenhaupt J, Weiss MS, Brandstetter H, Klebe G, Falcone FH, Böttcher-Friebertshäuser E, Dahms SO, Steinmetzer T. Fragment-Based Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of Aminoisoindole-Derived Furin Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400057. [PMID: 38385828 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
A 1H-isoindol-3-amine was identified as suitable P1 group for the proprotein convertase furin using a crystallographic screening with a set of 20 fragments known to occupy the S1 pocket of trypsin-like serine proteases. Its binding mode is very similar to that observed for the P1 group of benzamidine-derived peptidic furin inhibitors suggesting an aminomethyl substitution of this fragment to obtain a couplable P1 residue for the synthesis of substrate-analogue furin inhibitors. The obtained inhibitors possess a slightly improved picomolar inhibitory potency compared to their benzamidine-derived analogues. The crystal structures of two inhibitors in complex with furin revealed that the new P1 group is perfectly suited for incorporation in peptidic furin inhibitors. Selected inhibitors were tested for antiviral activity against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and a furin-dependent influenza A virus (SC35M/H7N7) in A549 human lung cells and demonstrated an efficient inhibition of virus activation and replication at low micromolar or even submicromolar concentrations. First results suggest that the Mas-related G-protein coupled receptor GPCR-X2 could be a potential off-target for certain benzamidine-derived furin inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman W Lange
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6-10, D-35032, Marburg, Germany Phone
| | - Konstantin Bloch
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, Marburg, Germany
| | - Miriam Ruth Heindl
- Institute of Virology, Philipps University, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 2, Marburg, Germany
| | - Jan Wollenhaupt
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manfred S Weiss
- Macromolecular Crystallography, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans Brandstetter
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria Phone
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6-10, D-35032, Marburg, Germany Phone
| | - Franco H Falcone
- Institute of Parasitology, BFS, Justus Liebig University, 35392, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Sven O Dahms
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6-10, D-35032, Marburg, Germany Phone
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, Billrothstrasse 11, A-5020, Salzburg, Austria Phone
| | - Torsten Steinmetzer
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Philipps University, Marbacher Weg 6-10, D-35032, Marburg, Germany Phone
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15
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Alamoudi E, Reck F, Bundgaard N, Graw F, Brusch L, Hasenauer J, Schälte Y. A wall-time minimizing parallelization strategy for approximate Bayesian computation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0294015. [PMID: 38386671 PMCID: PMC10883530 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0294015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Approximate Bayesian Computation (ABC) is a widely applicable and popular approach to estimating unknown parameters of mechanistic models. As ABC analyses are computationally expensive, parallelization on high-performance infrastructure is often necessary. However, the existing parallelization strategies leave computing resources unused at times and thus do not optimally leverage them yet. We present look-ahead scheduling, a wall-time minimizing parallelization strategy for ABC Sequential Monte Carlo algorithms, which avoids idle times of computing units by preemptive sampling of subsequent generations. This allows to utilize all available resources. The strategy can be integrated with e.g. adaptive distance function and summary statistic selection schemes, which is essential in practice. Our key contribution is the theoretical assessment of the strategy of preemptive sampling and the proof of unbiasedness. Complementary, we provide an implementation and evaluate the strategy on different problems and numbers of parallel cores, showing speed-ups of typically 10-20% and up to 50% compared to the best established approach, with some variability. Thus, the proposed strategy allows to improve the cost and run-time efficiency of ABC methods on high-performance infrastructure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emad Alamoudi
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Felipe Reck
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Nils Bundgaard
- BioQuant—Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frederik Graw
- BioQuant—Center for Quantitative Biology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine 5, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lutz Brusch
- Center of Information Services and High Performance Computing (ZIH), Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Hasenauer
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Yannik Schälte
- Life and Medical Sciences Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Computational Biology, Neuherberg, Germany
- Center for Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
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16
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Yang S, Wen X, Wagner D, Strauss J, Kallmeyer J, Anthony SE, Liebner S. Microbial assemblages in Arctic coastal thermokarst lakes and lagoons. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2024; 100:fiae014. [PMID: 38308515 PMCID: PMC10883142 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiae014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated changes in microbial community composition in thawing permafrost landscapes, but microbial assemblages in the transient ecosystems of the Arctic coastline remain poorly understood. Thermokarst lakes, abrupt permafrost thaw features, are widespread along the pan-Arctic coast and transform into thermokarst lagoons upon coastal erosion and sea-level rise. This study looks at the effect of marine water inundation (imposing a sulfate-rich, saline environment on top of former thermokarst lake sediments) on microbial community composition and the processes potentially driving microbial community assembly. In the uppermost lagoon sediment influenced from marine water inflow, the microbial structures were significantly different from those deeper in the lagoon sediment and from those of the lakes. In addition, they became more similar along depth compared with lake communities. At the same time, the diversity of core microbial consortia community decreased compared with the lake sediments. This work provides initial observational evidence that Arctic thermokarst lake to lagoon transitions do not only substantially alter microbial communities but also that this transition has a larger effect than permafrost thaw and lake formation history.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sizhong Yang
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
- Cyrosphere Research Station on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donggang West Road 320, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xi Wen
- College of Electrical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Xibei Xincun 1, Lanzhou 730070, China
| | - Dirk Wagner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Geosciences, University of Potsdam, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Strauss
- Permafrost Research Section, Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Jens Kallmeyer
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Sara E Anthony
- Institute of Geology and Mineralogy, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 49a, 50674 Cologne, Germany
| | - Susanne Liebner
- GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Helmholtz Centre Potsdam, Section Geomicrobiology, Telegrafenberg, Potsdam, Germany
- University of Potsdam, Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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17
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Wang H, Zhang Y, Dai D, Fu J, Sung Kim D, Li S, Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang F. Genomic insight into the insecticidal potential of a new Pseudomonas chlororaphis isolate. J Econ Entomol 2024; 117:82-92. [PMID: 38146627 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toad232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
Pseudomonas fluorescens group, such as Pseudomonas protegens and Pseudomonas chlororaphis, can be utilized as insect-killing agents. Most insecticidal Pseudomonas described so far have high toxicity for insects of the order Lepidoptera. In this study, Pseudomonas strain PcR3-3 was isolated from the willow root. It showed a high mortality for the coleopteran species Plagiodera versicolora (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), but not for the lepidopteran Helicoverpa armigera. Strain PcR3-3 displayed high colonization ability in the P. versicolora compared with P. chlororaphis PCL1391, indicating that the insecticidal activities correlated with the colonization ability of Pseudomonas strain in the host. Phylogenetic analysis of the genome revealed that PcR3-3 belonged to P. chlororaphis subsp. aureofaciens. Numerous insecticidal protein-encoding genes, typical biosynthetic gene clusters for some insecticidal metabolite and type VI secretion system, known to be involved in insect pathogenicity, were present in the P. chlororaphis PcR3-3 genome. However, the insecticidal toxin Fit-encoding gene which commonly presents in P. chlororaphis, was not found in the P. chlororaphis PcR3-3 genome. Furthermore, there are some divergent insecticidal genes between P. chlororaphis PcR3-3 and P. chlororaphis PCL1391. This finding implies that P. chlororaphis PcR3-3 is a promising biocontrol agent for pest management applications. The P. chlororaphis-P. versicolora association can be used as a model system to study the interaction between Pseudomonas and coleopteran insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haitao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yali Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Dadong Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jinqiu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Dae Sung Kim
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Shengchun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Jiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Yong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fengjuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China
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18
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Chia-Gil A, Floege J, Stamellou E, Moeller MJ. Perihilar FSGS lesions originate from flat parietal epithelial cells. J Nephrol 2024:10.1007/s40620-024-01886-y. [PMID: 38300433 DOI: 10.1007/s40620-024-01886-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
Graphical Abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaldo Chia-Gil
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Floege
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Eleni Stamellou
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Marcus J Moeller
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, RWTH Aachen University Hospital, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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19
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Müller S, Kröger C, Schultze JL, Aschenbrenner AC. Whole blood stimulation as a tool for studying the human immune system. Eur J Immunol 2024; 54:e2350519. [PMID: 38103010 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202350519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
The human immune system is best accessible via tissues and organs not requiring major surgical intervention, such as blood. In many circumstances, circulating immune cells correlate with an individual's health state and give insight into physiological and pathophysiological processes. Stimulating whole blood ex vivo is a powerful tool to investigate immune responses. In the context of clinical research, the applications of whole blood stimulation include host immunity, disease characterization, diagnosis, treatment, and drug development. Here, we summarize different setups and readouts of whole blood assays and discuss applications for preclinical research and clinical practice. Finally, we propose combining whole blood stimulation with high-throughput technologies, such as single-cell RNA-sequencing, to comprehensively analyze the human immune system for the identification of biomarkers, therapeutic interventions as well as companion diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Müller
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V., Bonn, Germany
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Charlotte Kröger
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V., Bonn, Germany
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Joachim L Schultze
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V., Bonn, Germany
- Genomics & Immunoregulation, Life and Medical Sciences (LIMES) Institute, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- PRECISE Platform for Single Cell Genomics and Epigenomics, DZNE and University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna C Aschenbrenner
- Systems Medicine, Deutsches Zentrum für Neurodegenerative Erkrankungen (DZNE) e.V., Bonn, Germany
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20
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Kumar R, Ansari A, Comba P, Rajaraman G. Rebound or Cage Escape? The Role of the Rebound Barrier for the Reactivity of Non-Heme High-Valent Fe IV =O Species. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303300. [PMID: 37929771 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Owing to their high reactivity and selectivity, variations in the spin ground state and a range of possible pathways, high-valent FeIV =O species are popular models with potential bioinspired applications. An interesting example of a structure-reactivity pattern is the detailed study with five nonheme amine-pyridine pentadentate ligand FeIV =O species, including N4py: [(L1 )FeIV =O]2+ (1), bntpen: [(L2 )FeIV =O]2+ (2), py2 tacn: [(L3 )FeIV =O]2+ (3), and two isomeric bispidine derivatives: [(L4 )FeIV =O]2+ (4) and [(L5 )FeIV =O]2+ (5). In this set, the order of increasing reactivity in the hydroxylation of cyclohexane differs from that with cyclohexadiene as substrate. A comprehensive DFT, ab initio CASSCF/NEVPT2 and DLPNO-CCSD(T) study is presented to untangle the observed patterns. These are well reproduced when both activation barriers for the C-H abstraction and the OH rebound are taken into account. An MO, NBO and deformation energy analysis reveals the importance of π(pyr) → π*xz (FeIII -OH) electron donation for weakening the FeIII -OH bond and thus reducing the rebound barrier. This requires that pyridine rings are oriented perpendicularly to the FeIII -OH bond and this is a subtle but crucial point in ligand design for non-heme iron alkane hydroxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, 400076, India
| | - Azaj Ansari
- Department of Chemistry, Central University of Haryana, Haryana, 123031, India
| | - Peter Comba
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry &, Interdisciplinary Center for Scientific Computing, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gopalan Rajaraman
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, Powai, 400076, India
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21
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Jacobs A, Warnants M, Vollmuth V, Winkler C, Weiss A, Ziegler AG, Lundgren M, Elding Larsson H, Kordonouri O, von dem Berge T, Zielmann ML, Bonifacio E, Hommel A, Ołtarzewski M, Szypowska A, Besser R, Todd JA, Casteels K. Vitamin D insufficiency in infants with increased risk of developing type 1 diabetes: a secondary analysis of the POInT Study. BMJ Paediatr Open 2024; 8:e002212. [PMID: 38216311 PMCID: PMC10806504 DOI: 10.1136/bmjpo-2023-002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D insufficiency (VDI) may be a factor in the development of type 1 diabetes (T1D). The aim of this study is to investigate the presence and persistence of VDI in a large cohort of infants with increased risk of developing T1D, in light of the differences in local supplementation guidelines. METHODS In the POInT Study, a multicentre primary prevention study between February 2018 and March 2021 in Germany, Poland, Belgium, England and Sweden, including infants aged 4-7 months at high genetic risk of developing β-cell autoantibodies, vitamin D levels were analysed at each study visit from inclusion (4-7 months) until 3 years, with an interval of 2 months (first three visits) or 4-6 months (visits 4-8). The protocol actively promotes vitamin D sufficiency to optimise immune tolerance. VDI was defined as a concentration below 30 ng/mL and was treated according to local guidelines of participating centres. Recovery from VDI was defined as a concentration above or equal to 30 ng/mL on the subsequent visit after VDI. RESULTS 1050 infants were included, of which 5937 vitamin D levels were available for analyses. VDI was observed in 1464 (24.7%) visits and 507 (46.1%) of these were not resolved at the next visit. The risk of having VDI was independently associated with season (higher in winter), weight (higher with increased weight), age (higher with increased age) and country (higher in England). The risk of not recovering from VDI was independently associated with the season of the previously determined VDI, which was higher if VDI was identified in winter. CONCLUSIONS VDI is frequent in infants with increased risk of developing T1D. Treatment guidelines for VDI do not seem effective. Increasing supplementation dosages in this patient population seems warranted, especially during winter, and increasing dosages more aggressively after VDI should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Jacobs
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Veronika Vollmuth
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Christiane Winkler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes at Klinikum rechts der Isar, School of Medicine, Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Weiss
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Anette-Gabriele Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Munich, German Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus Lundgren
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Kristianstad Hospital, Kristianstad, Sweden
| | - Helena Elding Larsson
- Department of Pediatrics, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | | | - Marie-Luise Zielmann
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Ezio Bonifacio
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Angela Hommel
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mariusz Ołtarzewski
- Department of Screening and Metabolic Diagnostics, Institute of Mother and Child, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Rachel Besser
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - John A Todd
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Kristina Casteels
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, KU Leuven University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Development and Regeneration, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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22
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Hendl T, Shukla A. Can digital health democratize health care? Bioethics 2024. [PMID: 38193584 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
Much has been said about the potential of digital health technologies for democratizing health care. But how exactly is democratization with digital health technologies conceptualized and what does it involve? We investigate debates on the democratization of health care with digital health and identify that democratization is being envisioned as a matter of access to health information, health care, and patient empowerment. However, taking a closer look at the growing pool of empirical data on digital health, we argue that these technologies come short of materializing these goals, given the unequal health outcomes they facilitate. Building on this evidence, we argue that not only debates on democratization need to be connected to concerns of social determinants of health but also debates on the impact of digital health need to go far beyond democratization and engage with concerns of health justice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tereza Hendl
- Institute for Ethics and History of Health in Society IEHHS, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Ayush Shukla
- Institute for Ethics and History of Health in Society IEHHS, Faculty of Medicine, Universitat Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
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23
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Goll FD, Schelhorn A, Litvinas D, Tenopala-Carmona F, Kazak L, Jelezko F, Lambert C, Gather MC, Kuehne AJC, Ziener U. Revealing the Origin of Fast Delayed Fluorescence in a Donor Functionalized Bisterpyridine. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202303067. [PMID: 37902606 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202303067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
A new carbazole-substituted bisterpyridine with pronounced delayed fluorescence is presented. While the molecular donor-acceptor-donor design suggests the origin of this to be thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), results from various photophysical characterizations, OLED characteristics, temperature-dependent NMR spectroscopy, and DFT calculations all point against the involvement of triplet states. The molecule exhibits blue emission at about 440 nm with two or more fast decay channels in the lower nanosecond range in both solution and thin films. The delayed emission is proposed to be caused by rotational vibrational modes. We suggest that these results are generally applicable, especially for more complex molecules, and should be considered as alternative or competitive emissive relaxation pathways in the field of organic light emitting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix D Goll
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III -, Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Andreas Schelhorn
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III -, Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Džiugas Litvinas
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4-6, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Francisco Tenopala-Carmona
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4-6, 50939, Köln, Germany
| | - Lev Kazak
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Fedor Jelezko
- Institute for Quantum Optics, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christoph Lambert
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Malte C Gather
- Humboldt Centre for Nano- and Biophotonics, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstraße 4-6, 50939, Köln, Germany
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, North Haugh, KY16 9SS, St Andrews, Fife, UK
| | - Alexander J C Kuehne
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III -, Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ulrich Ziener
- Institute of Organic Chemistry III -, Macromolecular Chemistry and Organic Materials, Ulm University, 89081, Ulm, Germany
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Du Z, Gupta M, Xu F, Zhang K, Zhang J, Zhou Y, Liu Y, Wang Z, Wrachtrup J, Wong N, Li C, Chu Z. Widefield Diamond Quantum Sensing with Neuromorphic Vision Sensors. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2304355. [PMID: 37939304 PMCID: PMC10787069 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202304355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Despite increasing interest in developing ultrasensitive widefield diamond magnetometry for various applications, achieving high temporal resolution and sensitivity simultaneously remains a key challenge. This is largely due to the transfer and processing of massive amounts of data from the frame-based sensor to capture the widefield fluorescence intensity of spin defects in diamonds. In this study, a neuromorphic vision sensor to encode the changes of fluorescence intensity into spikes in the optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) measurements is adopted, closely resembling the operation of the human vision system, which leads to highly compressed data volume and reduced latency. It also results in a vast dynamic range, high temporal resolution, and exceptional signal-to-background ratio. After a thorough theoretical evaluation, the experiment with an off-the-shelf event camera demonstrated a 13× improvement in temporal resolution with comparable precision of detecting ODMR resonance frequencies compared with the state-of-the-art highly specialized frame-based approach. It is successfully deploy this technology in monitoring dynamically modulated laser heating of gold nanoparticles coated on a diamond surface, a recognizably difficult task using existing approaches. The current development provides new insights for high-precision and low-latency widefield quantum sensing, with possibilities for integration with emerging memory devices to realize more intelligent quantum sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Du
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Madhav Gupta
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Feng Xu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Jiahua Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhou
- School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Materials, School of Physics and Telecommunication Engineering, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Frontier Research Institute for Physics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jörg Wrachtrup
- 3rd Institute of Physics, Research Center SCoPE and IQST, University of Stuttgart, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Ngai Wong
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Can Li
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqin Chu
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
- Advanced Biomedical Instrumentation Centre, Hong Kong Science Park, Hong Kong, 999077, P. R. China
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Kubot M, Balke L, Scholz J, Wiemers‐Meyer S, Karst U, Hayen H, Hur H, Winter M, Kasnatscheew J, Nowak S. High-Voltage Instability of Vinylene Carbonate (VC): Impact of Formed Poly-VC on Interphases and Toxicity. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024; 11:e2305282. [PMID: 37939283 PMCID: PMC10767402 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202305282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
Full exhaustion in specific energy/energy density of state-of-the-art LiNix Coy Mnz O2 (NCM)-based Li-ion batteries (LIB) is currently limited for reasons of NCM stability by upper cut-off voltages (UCV) below 4.3 V. At higher UCV, structural decomposition triggers electrode crosstalk in the course of enhanced transition metal dissolution and leads to severe specific capacity/energy fade; in the worst case to a sudden death phenomenon (roll-over failure). The additive lithium difluorophosphate (LiDFP) is known to suppress this by scavenging dissolved metals, but at the cost of enhanced toxicity due to the formation of organofluorophosphates (OFPs). Addition of film-forming electrolyte additives like vinylene carbonate (VC) can intrinsically decrease OFP formation in thermally aged LiDFP-containing electrolytes, though the benefit of this dual-additive approach can be questioned at higher UCVs. In this work, VC is shown to decrease the formation of potentially toxic OFPs within the electrolyte during cycling at conventional UCVs but triggers OFP formation at higher UCVs. The electrolyte contains soluble VC-polymerization products. These products are formed at the cathode during VC oxidation (and are found within the cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI), suggesting an OFP electrode crosstalk of VC decomposition species, as the OFP-precursor molecules are shown to be formed at the anode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Kubot
- MEET Battery Research CenterUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Lisa Balke
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Johannes Scholz
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Simon Wiemers‐Meyer
- MEET Battery Research CenterUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Uwe Karst
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Heiko Hayen
- Institute of Inorganic and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 4848149MünsterGermany
| | - Hyuck Hur
- R&D Campus DaejeonLG Energy Solution188, Munji‐ro, Yuseong‐guDaejeon34122Republic of Korea
| | - Martin Winter
- MEET Battery Research CenterUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
- Helmholtz‐Institute MünsterIEK‐12Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbHCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Johannes Kasnatscheew
- MEET Battery Research CenterUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
| | - Sascha Nowak
- MEET Battery Research CenterUniversity of MünsterCorrensstraße 4648149MünsterGermany
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26
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Seibertz F, Rubio T, Springer R, Popp F, Ritter M, Liutkute A, Bartelt L, Stelzer L, Haghighi F, Pietras J, Windel H, Pedrosa NDI, Rapedius M, Doering Y, Solano R, Hindmarsh R, Shi R, Tiburcy M, Bruegmann T, Kutschka I, Streckfuss-Bömeke K, Kensah G, Cyganek L, Zimmermann WH, Voigt N. Atrial fibrillation-associated electrical remodelling in human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived atrial cardiomyocytes: a novel pathway for antiarrhythmic therapy development. Cardiovasc Res 2023; 119:2623-2637. [PMID: 37677054 PMCID: PMC10730244 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with tachycardia-induced cellular electrophysiology alterations which promote AF chronification and treatment resistance. Development of novel antiarrhythmic therapies is hampered by the absence of scalable experimental human models that reflect AF-associated electrical remodelling. Therefore, we aimed to assess if AF-associated remodelling of cellular electrophysiology can be simulated in human atrial-like cardiomyocytes derived from induced pluripotent stem cells in the presence of retinoic acid (iPSC-aCM), and atrial-engineered human myocardium (aEHM) under short term (24 h) and chronic (7 days) tachypacing (TP). METHODS AND RESULTS First, 24-h electrical pacing at 3 Hz was used to investigate whether AF-associated remodelling in iPSC-aCM and aEHM would ensue. Compared to controls (24 h, 1 Hz pacing) TP-stimulated iPSC-aCM presented classical hallmarks of AF-associated remodelling: (i) decreased L-type Ca2+ current (ICa,L) and (ii) impaired activation of acetylcholine-activated inward-rectifier K+ current (IK,ACh). This resulted in action potential shortening and an absent response to the M-receptor agonist carbachol in both iPSC-aCM and aEHM subjected to TP. Accordingly, mRNA expression of the channel-subunit Kir3.4 was reduced. Selective IK,ACh blockade with tertiapin reduced basal inward-rectifier K+ current only in iPSC-aCM subjected to TP, thereby unmasking an agonist-independent constitutively active IK,ACh. To allow for long-term TP, we developed iPSC-aCM and aEHM expressing the light-gated ion-channel f-Chrimson. The same hallmarks of AF-associated remodelling were observed after optical-TP. In addition, continuous TP (7 days) led to (i) increased amplitude of inward-rectifier K+ current (IK1), (ii) hyperpolarization of the resting membrane potential, (iii) increased action potential-amplitude and upstroke velocity as well as (iv) reversibly impaired contractile function in aEHM. CONCLUSIONS Classical hallmarks of AF-associated remodelling were mimicked through TP of iPSC-aCM and aEHM. The use of the ultrafast f-Chrimson depolarizing ion channel allowed us to model the time-dependence of AF-associated remodelling in vitro for the first time. The observation of electrical remodelling with associated reversible contractile dysfunction offers a novel platform for human-centric discovery of antiarrhythmic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fitzwilliam Seibertz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells’ (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tony Rubio
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robin Springer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fiona Popp
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Melanie Ritter
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Aiste Liutkute
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lena Bartelt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lea Stelzer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Fereshteh Haghighi
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jan Pietras
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Hendrik Windel
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Núria Díaz i Pedrosa
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Yannic Doering
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Richard Solano
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robin Hindmarsh
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Runzhu Shi
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Malte Tiburcy
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Bruegmann
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells’ (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Institute for Cardiovascular Physiology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ingo Kutschka
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Katrin Streckfuss-Bömeke
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - George Kensah
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lukas Cyganek
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells’ (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram H Zimmermann
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells’ (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Göttingen, Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (ITMP), Göttingen, Germany
- Campus-Institute Data Science (CIDAS), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Niels Voigt
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Georg-August University Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Straße 40, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
- DZHK (German Center for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence ‘Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells’ (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Schwarz C, Göring J, Grüttner C, Hilger I. Intravenous Injection of PEI-Decorated Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Impacts NF-kappaB Protein Expression in Immunologically Stressed Mice. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2023; 13:3166. [PMID: 38133063 PMCID: PMC10745731 DOI: 10.3390/nano13243166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based formulations are considered valuable tools for diagnostic and treatment purposes. The surface decoration of nanoparticles with polyethyleneimine (PEI) is often used to enhance their targeting and functional properties. Here, we aimed at addressing the long-term fate in vivo and the potential "off-target" effects of PEI decorated iron oxide nanoparticles (PEI-MNPs) in individuals with low-grade and persistent systemic inflammation. For this purpose, we synthesized PEI-MNPs (core-shell method, PEI coating under high pressure homogenization). Further on, we induced a low-grade and persistent inflammation in mice through regular subcutaneous injection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs, from zymosan). PEI-MNPs were injected intravenously. Up to 7 weeks thereafter, the blood parameters were determined via automated fluorescence flow cytometry, animals were euthanized, and the organs analyzed for iron contents (atomic absorption spectrometry) and for expression of NF-κB associated proteins (p65, IκBα, p105/50, p100/52, COX-2, Bcl-2, SDS-PAGE and Western blotting). We observed that the PEI-MNPs had a diameter of 136 nm and a zeta-potential 56.9 mV. After injection in mice, the blood parameters were modified and the iron levels were increased in different organs. Moreover, the liver of animals showed an increased protein expression of canonical NF-κB signaling pathway members early after PEI-MNP application, whereas at the later post-observation time, members of the non-canonical signaling pathway were prominent. We conclude that the synergistic effect between PEI-MNPs and the low-grade and persistent inflammatory state is mainly due to the hepatocytes sensing infection (PAMPs), to immune responses resulting from the intracellular metabolism of the uptaken PEI-MNPs, or to hepatocyte and immune cell communications. Therefore, we suggest a careful assessment of the safety and toxicity of PEI-MNP-based carriers for gene therapy, chemotherapy, and other medical applications not only in healthy individuals but also in those suffering from chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Schwarz
- Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, D-07740 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Julia Göring
- Experimental Radiology, Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, D-07740 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.G.)
| | - Cordula Grüttner
- Micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, Schillingallee 68, D-18057 Rostock, Germany;
| | - Ingrid Hilger
- Micromod Partikeltechnologie GmbH, Schillingallee 68, D-18057 Rostock, Germany;
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28
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Müller FS, Aherrahrou Z, Grasshoff H, Heidorn MW, Humrich JY, Johanson L, Aherrahrou R, Reinberger T, Schulz A, ten Cate V, Robles AP, Koeck T, Rapp S, Lange T, Brachaczek L, Luebber F, Erdmann J, Heidecke H, Schulze-Forster K, Dechend R, Lackner KJ, Pfeiffer N, Ghaemi Kerahrodi J, Tüscher O, Schwarting A, Strauch K, Münzel T, Prochaska JH, Riemekasten G, Wild PS. Autoantibodies against the chemokine receptor 3 predict cardiovascular risk. Eur Heart J 2023; 44:4935-4949. [PMID: 37941454 PMCID: PMC10719496 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Chronic inflammation and autoimmunity contribute to cardiovascular (CV) disease. Recently, autoantibodies (aAbs) against the CXC-motif-chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3), a G protein-coupled receptor with a key role in atherosclerosis, have been identified. The role of anti-CXCR3 aAbs for CV risk and disease is unclear. METHODS Anti-CXCR3 aAbs were quantified by a commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 5000 participants (availability: 97.1%) of the population-based Gutenberg Health Study with extensive clinical phenotyping. Regression analyses were carried out to identify determinants of anti-CXCR3 aAbs and relevance for clinical outcome (i.e. all-cause mortality, cardiac death, heart failure, and major adverse cardiac events comprising incident coronary artery disease, myocardial infarction, and cardiac death). Last, immunization with CXCR3 and passive transfer of aAbs were performed in ApoE(-/-) mice for preclinical validation. RESULTS The analysis sample included 4195 individuals (48% female, mean age 55.5 ± 11 years) after exclusion of individuals with autoimmune disease, immunomodulatory medication, acute infection, and history of cancer. Independent of age, sex, renal function, and traditional CV risk factors, increasing concentrations of anti-CXCR3 aAbs translated into higher intima-media thickness, left ventricular mass, and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide. Adjusted for age and sex, anti-CXCR3 aAbs above the 75th percentile predicted all-cause death [hazard ratio (HR) (95% confidence interval) 1.25 (1.02, 1.52), P = .029], driven by excess cardiac mortality [HR 2.51 (1.21, 5.22), P = .014]. A trend towards a higher risk for major adverse cardiac events [HR 1.42 (1.0, 2.0), P = .05] along with increased risk of incident heart failure [HR per standard deviation increase of anti-CXCR3 aAbs: 1.26 (1.02, 1.56), P = .03] may contribute to this observation. Targeted proteomics revealed a molecular signature of anti-CXCR3 aAbs reflecting immune cell activation and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions associated with an ongoing T helper cell 1 response. Finally, ApoE(-/-) mice immunized against CXCR3 displayed increased anti-CXCR3 aAbs and exhibited a higher burden of atherosclerosis compared to non-immunized controls, correlating with concentrations of anti-CXCR3 aAbs in the passive transfer model. CONCLUSIONS In individuals free of autoimmune disease, anti-CXCR3 aAbs were abundant, related to CV end-organ damage, and predicted all-cause death as well as cardiac morbidity and mortality in conjunction with the acceleration of experimental atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix S Müller
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Zouhair Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Hanna Grasshoff
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Marc W Heidorn
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jens Y Humrich
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Laurence Johanson
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Redouane Aherrahrou
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tobias Reinberger
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Andreas Schulz
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vincent ten Cate
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
| | - Alejandro Pallares Robles
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
| | - Thomas Koeck
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Steffen Rapp
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Tanja Lange
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Center of Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism (CBBM), University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Lukas Brachaczek
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Finn Luebber
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Social Neuroscience Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jeanette Erdmann
- Institute for Cardiogenetics, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Hamburg/Kiel/Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Harald Heidecke
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Kai Schulze-Forster
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
| | - Ralf Dechend
- CellTrend Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung (GmbH), Luckenwalde, Germany
- Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a cooperation of Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin and Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Cardiology and Nephrology, HELIOS Klinikum Berlin Buch, Berlin, Germany
| | - Karl J Lackner
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Norbert Pfeiffer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jasmin Ghaemi Kerahrodi
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Oliver Tüscher
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biology (IMB), Working Group Neurocognitive Mechanisms of Mental Resilience, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Andreas Schwarting
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Konstantin Strauch
- Institute of Medical Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics (IMBEI), University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Thomas Münzel
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
| | - Jürgen H Prochaska
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
| | - Gabriela Riemekasten
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Centre for Infection and Inflammation Lübeck (ZIEL), University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein Campus Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Philipp S Wild
- Preventive Cardiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Cardiology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Clinical Epidemiology and Systems Medicine, Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site RhineMain, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
- Center for Thrombosis and Hemostasis, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz,Germany
- Institute for Molecular Biology (IMB), Mainz, Working Group Systems Medicine, Ackermannweg 4, 55128 Mainz, Germany
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Koerfer A, Reina F, Eggeling C. Influence of different surface cleaning methods on STED-FCS and scanning STED-FCS calibration measurements. J Microsc 2023. [PMID: 38054327 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.13250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular mobility is an important measure in biological functionality, as molecules have to diffuse to meet and interact and perform actions. Measurement of mobility requires specific tools such as fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS). Especially, combination with superresolution stimulated emission depletion microscopy (STED-FCS), whether in a point- or beam-scanning mode, has proven valuable for determination of anomalous diffusion. STED-FCS however relies on an accurate calibration of the effective observation spot formed for different laser powers of the additional STED laser. This poster article highlights the need for calibration measurements and outlines that rather simple procedures involving acetone cover-glass surface cleaning only, instead of piranha cover-glass surface cleaning, and point instead of more complex scanning STED-FCS are sufficient for calibration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Koerfer
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology eV, member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
| | - Francesco Reina
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology eV, member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology eV, member of the Leibniz Centre for Photonics in Infection Research (LPI), Jena, Germany
- Jena Center for Soft Matter (JCSM), Jena, Germany
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30
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Brechtmann F, Bechtler T, Londhe S, Mertes C, Gagneur J. Evaluation of input data modality choices on functional gene embeddings. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad095. [PMID: 37942285 PMCID: PMC10629286 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional gene embeddings, numerical vectors capturing gene function, provide a promising way to integrate functional gene information into machine learning models. These embeddings are learnt by applying self-supervised machine-learning algorithms on various data types including quantitative omics measurements, protein-protein interaction networks and literature. However, downstream evaluations comparing alternative data modalities used to construct functional gene embeddings have been lacking. Here we benchmarked functional gene embeddings obtained from various data modalities for predicting disease-gene lists, cancer drivers, phenotype-gene associations and scores from genome-wide association studies. Off-the-shelf predictors trained on precomputed embeddings matched or outperformed dedicated state-of-the-art predictors, demonstrating their high utility. Embeddings based on literature and protein-protein interactions inferred from low-throughput experiments outperformed embeddings derived from genome-wide experimental data (transcriptomics, deletion screens and protein sequence) when predicting curated gene lists. In contrast, they did not perform better when predicting genome-wide association signals and were biased towards highly-studied genes. These results indicate that embeddings derived from literature and low-throughput experiments appear favourable in many existing benchmarks because they are biased towards well-studied genes and should therefore be considered with caution. Altogether, our study and precomputed embeddings will facilitate the development of machine-learning models in genetics and related fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Brechtmann
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Center for Machine Learning, Munich, Germany
| | - Thibault Bechtler
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Shubhankar Londhe
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Mertes
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Munich Data Science Institute, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julien Gagneur
- TUM School of Computation, Information and Technology, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Computational Health Center, Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, Germany
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31
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Niemann A, Tulamo R, Netti E, Preim B, Berg P, Cebral J, Robertson A, Saalfeld S. Multimodal exploration of the intracranial aneurysm wall. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2023; 18:2243-2252. [PMID: 36877287 PMCID: PMC10480333 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-023-02850-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Intracranial aneurysms (IAs) are pathological changes of the intracranial vessel wall, although clinical image data can only show the vessel lumen. Histology can provide wall information but is typically restricted to ex vivo 2D slices where the shape of the tissue is altered. METHODS We developed a visual exploration pipeline for a comprehensive view of an IA. We extract multimodal information (like stain classification and segmentation of histologic images) and combine them via 2D to 3D mapping and virtual inflation of deformed tissue. Histological data, including four stains, micro-CT data and segmented calcifications as well as hemodynamic information like wall shear stress (WSS), are combined with the 3D model of the resected aneurysm. RESULTS Calcifications were mostly present in the tissue part with increased WSS. In the 3D model, an area of increased wall thickness was identified and correlated to histology, where the Oil red O (ORO) stained images showed a lipid accumulation and the alpha-smooth muscle actin (aSMA) stained images showed a slight loss of muscle cells. CONCLUSION Our visual exploration pipeline combines multimodal information about the aneurysm wall to improve the understanding of wall changes and IA development. The user can identify regions and correlate how hemodynamic forces, e.g. WSS, are reflected by histological structures of the vessel wall, wall thickness and calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Niemann
- Department of Simulation and Graphics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- STIMULATE Research Campus, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Riikka Tulamo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eliisa Netti
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bernhard Preim
- Department of Simulation and Graphics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany
- STIMULATE Research Campus, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Berg
- STIMULATE Research Campus, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Medical Engineering, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Juan Cebral
- Computational Hemodynamics Lab, Georg Mason University, Fairfax, USA
| | - Anne Robertson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
| | - Sylvia Saalfeld
- Department of Simulation and Graphics, Otto-von-Guericke University, Magdeburg, Germany.
- STIMULATE Research Campus, Magdeburg, Germany.
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Zaharia OP, Antoniou S, Bobrov P, Karusheva Y, Bódis K, Kupriyanova Y, Schrauwen-Hinderling V, Gastaldelli A, Szendroedi J, Wagner R, Burkart V, Roden M. Reduced Insulin Clearance Differently Relates to Increased Liver Lipid Content and Worse Glycemic Control in Recent-Onset Type 2 and Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care 2023; 46:2232-2239. [PMID: 37874983 DOI: 10.2337/dc23-1267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Diabetes may feature impaired insulin kinetics, which could be aggravated by altered hepatic metabolism and glycemic control. Thus, we examined insulin clearance and its possible determinants in individuals with recent-onset diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants of the German Diabetes Study (GDS) with type 1 diabetes (T1D) (n = 306), type 2 diabetes (T2D) (n = 489), or normal glucose tolerance (control [CON]) (n = 167) underwent hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps for assessment of whole-body insulin sensitivity (M value) and insulin clearance (ICCLAMP). Insulin clearance rates were further calculated during intravenous glucose tolerance tests (ICIVGTT) and mixed-meal tests (ICMMT). Hepatocellular lipid content (HCL) was quantified with 1H-MRS. RESULTS Both T1D and T2D groups had lower ICCLAMP (0.12 ± 0.07 and 0.21 ± 0.06 vs. 0.28 ± 0.14 arbitrary units [a.u.], respectively, all P < 0.05) and ICMMT (0.71 ± 0.35 and 0.99 ± 0.33 vs. 1.20 ± 0.36 a.u., all P < 0.05) than CON. In T1D, ICCLAMP, ICIVGTT, and ICMMT correlated negatively with HbA1c (all P < 0.05). M value correlated positively with ICIVGTT in CON and T2D (r = 0.199 and r = 0.178, P < 0.05) and with ICMMT in CON (r = 0.176, P < 0.05). HCL negatively associated with ICIVGTT and ICMMT in T2D (r = -0.005 and r = -0.037) and CON (r = -0.127 and r = -0.058, all P < 0.05). In line, T2D or CON subjects with steatosis featured lower ICMMT than those without steatosis (both P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Insulin clearance is reduced in both T1D and T2D within the first year after diagnosis but correlates negatively with liver lipid content rather in T2D. Moreover, insulin clearance differently associates with glycemic control and insulin sensitivity in each diabetes type, which may suggest specific mechanisms affecting insulin kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oana-Patricia Zaharia
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Sofia Antoniou
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Pavel Bobrov
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yanislava Karusheva
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Kálmán Bódis
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Yuliya Kupriyanova
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Schrauwen-Hinderling
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Amalia Gastaldelli
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - Julia Szendroedi
- Department of Internal Medicine I and Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Robert Wagner
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Burkart
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Michael Roden
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Medical Faculty and University Hospital, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- Institute for Clinical Diabetology, German Diabetes Center, Leibniz Center for Diabetes Research at Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research, Partner Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Weissmann T, Rückert M, Putz F, Donaubauer AJ, Hecht M, Schnellhardt S, Schubert P, Roesch J, Höfler D, Ott OJ, Haderlein M, Lettmaier S, Fietkau R, Frey B, Gaipl US, Deloch L. Low-dose radiotherapy of osteoarthritis: from biological findings to clinical effects-challenges for future studies. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1164-1172. [PMID: 36602569 PMCID: PMC10674008 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-022-02038-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the most common and socioeconomically relevant diseases, with rising incidence and prevalence especially with regard to an ageing population in the Western world. Over the decades, the scientific perception of OA has shifted from a simple degeneration of cartilage and bone to a multifactorial disease involving various cell types and immunomodulatory factors. Despite a wide range of conventional treatment modalities available, a significant proportion of patients remain treatment refractory. Low-dose radiotherapy (LDRT) has been used for decades in the treatment of patients with inflammatory and/or degenerative diseases and has proven a viable option even in cohorts of patients with a rather poor prognosis. While its justification mainly derives from a vast body of empirical evidence, prospective randomized trials have until now failed to prove the effectiveness of LDRT. Nevertheless, over the decades, adaptions of LDRT treatment modalities have evolved using lower dosages with establishment of different treatment schedules for which definitive clinical proof is still pending. Preclinical research has revealed that the immune system is modulated by LDRT and very recently osteoimmunological mechanisms have been described. Future studies and investigations further elucidating the underlying mechanisms are an essential key to clarify the optimal patient stratification and treatment procedure, considering the patients' inflammatory status, age, and sex. The present review aims not only to present clinical and preclinical knowledge about the mechanistic and beneficial effects of LDRT, but also to emphasize topics that will need to be addressed in future studies. Further, a concise overview of the current status of the underlying radiobiological knowledge of LDRT for clinicians is given, while seeking to stimulate further translational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Weissmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Rückert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Florian Putz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Anna-Jasmina Donaubauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Markus Hecht
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sören Schnellhardt
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philipp Schubert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Johannes Roesch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Daniel Höfler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Oliver J Ott
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marlen Haderlein
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lettmaier
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Rainer Fietkau
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Benjamin Frey
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Udo S Gaipl
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lisa Deloch
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Translational Radiobiology, Department of Radiation Oncology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany.
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany.
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34
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Fricke C, Pfaff F, Ulrich L, Halwe NJ, Schön J, Timm L, Hoffmann W, Rauch S, Petsch B, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Corleis B, Dorhoi A. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern elicit divergent early immune responses in hACE2 transgenic mice. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250332. [PMID: 37609807 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about early immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern mainly comes from the analysis of human blood. Such data provide limited information about host responses at the site of infection and largely miss the initial events. To gain insights into compartmentalization and the early dynamics of host responses to different SARS-CoV-2 variants, we utilized human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice and tracked immune changes during the first days after infection by RNAseq, multiplex assays, and flow cytometry. Viral challenge infection led to divergent viral loads in the lungs, distinct inflammatory patterns, and innate immune cell accumulation in response to ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variant of concern (VOC). Compared to other SARS-CoV-2 variants, infection with Beta (B.1.351) VOC spread promptly to the lungs, leading to increased inflammatory responses. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and T cells developed within the first 7 days postinfection and were required to reduce viral spread and replication. Our studies show that VOCs differentially trigger transcriptional profiles and inflammation. This information contributes to the basic understanding of immune responses immediately postexposure to SARS-CoV-2 and is relevant for developing pan-VOC interventions including prophylactic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Fricke
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lorenz Ulrich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Nico Joel Halwe
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jacob Schön
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Laura Timm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Weda Hoffmann
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | | | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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Wittmann A, Bartels A, Alkotub B, Bauer L, Kafshgari MH, Multhoff G. Chronic inflammatory effects of in vivo irradiation of the murine heart on endothelial cells mimic mechanisms involved in atherosclerosis. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1214-1224. [PMID: 37658922 PMCID: PMC10673733 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02130-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy is a major pillar in the treatment of solid tumors including breast cancer. However, epidemiological studies have revealed an increase in cardiac diseases approximately a decade after exposure of the thorax to ionizing irradiation, which might be related to vascular inflammation. Therefore, chronic inflammatory effects were examined in primary heart and lung endothelial cells (ECs) of mice after local heart irradiation. METHODS Long-lasting effects on primary ECs of the heart and lung were studied 20-50 weeks after local irradiation of the heart of mice (8 and 16 Gy) in vivo by multiparameter flow cytometry using antibodies directed against cell surface markers related to proliferation, stemness, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and compared to those induced by occlusion of the left anterior descending coronary artery. RESULTS In vivo irradiation of the complete heart caused long-lasting persistent upregulation of inflammatory (HCAM, ICAM‑1, VCAM-1), proliferation (CD105), and lipid (CD36) markers on primary heart ECs and an upregulation of ICAM‑1 and VCAM‑1 on primary ECs of the partially irradiated lung lobe. An artificially induced heart infarction induces similar effects with respect to inflammatory markers, albeit in a shorter time period. CONCLUSION The long-lasting upregulation of prominent inflammatory markers on primary heart and lung ECs suggests that local heart irradiation induces chronic inflammation in the microvasculature of the heart and partially irradiated lung that leads to cardiac injury which might be related to altered lipid metabolism in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Wittmann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Bartels
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Bayan Alkotub
- Institute of Biological Medical Imaging, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HMGU), Neuherberg, Munich, Germany
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany
| | - Morteza Hasanzadeh Kafshgari
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), Heinz-Nixdorf-Chair for Biomedical Electronics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany
| | - Gabriele Multhoff
- Department of Radiation Oncology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Munich, Germany.
- Center for Translational Cancer Research (TranslaTUM), School of Medicine Radiation Immuno-Oncology Group, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München (TUM), Ismaningerstr. 22, 81675, Munich, Germany.
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Classen S, Petersen C, Borgmann K. Crosstalk between immune checkpoint and DNA damage response inhibitors for radiosensitization of tumors. Strahlenther Onkol 2023; 199:1152-1163. [PMID: 37420037 PMCID: PMC10674014 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-023-02103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This review article is intended to provide a perspective overview of potential strategies to overcome radiation resistance of tumors through the combined use of immune checkpoint and DNA repair inhibitors. METHODS A literature search was conducted in PubMed using the terms ("DNA repair* and DNA damage response* and intracellular immune response* and immune checkpoint inhibition* and radio*") until January 31, 2023. Articles were manually selected based on their relevance to the topics analyzed. RESULTS Modern radiotherapy offers a wide range of options for tumor treatment. Radiation-resistant subpopulations of the tumor pose a particular challenge for complete cure. This is due to the enhanced activation of molecular defense mechanisms that prevent cell death because of DNA damage. Novel approaches to enhance tumor cure are provided by immune checkpoint inhibitors, but their effectiveness, especially in tumors without increased mutational burden, also remains limited. Combining inhibitors of both immune checkpoints and DNA damage response with radiation may be an attractive option to augment existing therapies and is the subject of the data summarized here. CONCLUSION The combination of tested inhibitors of DNA damage and immune responses in preclinical models opens additional attractive options for the radiosensitization of tumors and represents a promising application for future therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Classen
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cordula Petersen
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Kerstin Borgmann
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Radiation Oncology, Department of Radiotherapy and Radiation Oncology, Center of Oncology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246, Hamburg, Germany.
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Stefanski A, Pérez-Palma E, Brünger T, Montanucci L, Gati C, Klöckner C, Johannesen KM, Goodspeed K, Macnee M, Deng AT, Aledo-Serrano Á, Borovikov A, Kava M, Bouman AM, Hajianpour MJ, Pal DK, Engelen M, Hagebeuk EEO, Shinawi M, Heidlebaugh AR, Oetjens K, Hoffman TL, Striano P, Freed AS, Futtrup L, Balslev T, Abulí A, Danvoye L, Lederer D, Balci T, Nouri MN, Butler E, Drewes S, van Engelen K, Howell KB, Khoury J, May P, Trinidad M, Froelich S, Lemke JR, Tiller J, Freed AN, Kang JQ, Wuster A, Møller RS, Lal D. SLC6A1 variant pathogenicity, molecular function and phenotype: a genetic and clinical analysis. Brain 2023; 146:5198-5208. [PMID: 37647852 PMCID: PMC10689929 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Genetic variants in the SLC6A1 gene can cause a broad phenotypic disease spectrum by altering the protein function. Thus, systematically curated clinically relevant genotype-phenotype associations are needed to understand the disease mechanism and improve therapeutic decision-making. We aggregated genetic and clinical data from 172 individuals with likely pathogenic/pathogenic (lp/p) SLC6A1 variants and functional data for 184 variants (14.1% lp/p). Clinical and functional data were available for a subset of 126 individuals. We explored the potential associations of variant positions on the GAT1 3D structure with variant pathogenicity, altered molecular function and phenotype severity using bioinformatic approaches. The GAT1 transmembrane domains 1, 6 and extracellular loop 4 (EL4) were enriched for patient over population variants. Across functionally tested missense variants (n = 156), the spatial proximity from the ligand was associated with loss-of-function in the GAT1 transporter activity. For variants with complete loss of in vitro GABA uptake, we found a 4.6-fold enrichment in patients having severe disease versus non-severe disease (P = 2.9 × 10-3, 95% confidence interval: 1.5-15.3). In summary, we delineated associations between the 3D structure and variant pathogenicity, variant function and phenotype in SLC6A1-related disorders. This knowledge supports biology-informed variant interpretation and research on GAT1 function. All our data can be interactively explored in the SLC6A1 portal (https://slc6a1-portal.broadinstitute.org/).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Stefanski
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Eduardo Pérez-Palma
- Universidad del Desarrollo, Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina Clínica Alemana, Santiago de Chile 7610658, Chile
| | - Tobias Brünger
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Ludovica Montanucci
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Cornelius Gati
- Department of Biological Sciences, Bridge Institute, USC Michelson Center for Convergent Bioscience, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Chiara Klöckner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Katrine M Johannesen
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
- Department of Genetics, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshispitalet, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
| | - Kimberly Goodspeed
- Children’s Health, Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Marie Macnee
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), Medical Faculty of the University of Cologne, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Alexander T Deng
- Clinical Genetics, Guys and St Thomas NHS Trust, London SE19RT, UK
| | - Ángel Aledo-Serrano
- Epilepsy Program, Neurology Department, Hospital Ruber Internacional, Madrid 28034, Spain
| | - Artem Borovikov
- Research and Counseling Department, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, Moscow 115478, Russia
| | - Maina Kava
- Department of Neurology and Metabolic Medicine, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth 6009, Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health, UWA Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia
| | - Arjan M Bouman
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015GD, The Netherlands
| | - M J Hajianpour
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Albany Medical College, Albany Med Health System, Albany, NY 12208, USA
| | - Deb K Pal
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College, London SE58AF, UK
- Department of Basic and Clinical Neurosciences, King’s College Hospital, London SE59RS, UK
| | - Marc Engelen
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Amsterdam Public Health, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam 1081HV, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline E O Hagebeuk
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland (SEIN), Heemstede and Zwolle 2103SW, The Netherlands
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, St.Louis Children’s Hospital, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Kathryn Oetjens
- Autism and Developmental Medicine Institute, Geisinger, Danville, PA 17837, USA
| | - Trevor L Hoffman
- Department of Regional Genetics, Anaheim, Southern California Kaiser Permanente Medical Group, CA 92806, USA
| | - Pasquale Striano
- Pediatric Neurology and Muscular Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa 16147, Italy
- Department of Neurosciences, Rehabilitation, Ophthalmology, Genetics, Maternal and Child Health, University of Genoa, Genoa 16132, Italy
| | - Amanda S Freed
- Department of Clinical Science, Kaiser Permanente Bernard J. Tyson School of Medicine, Pasadena, CA 91101, USA
| | - Line Futtrup
- Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital of Central Jutland, Viborg 8800, Denmark
| | - Thomas Balslev
- Department of Paediatrics, Regional Hospital of Central Jutland, Viborg 8800, Denmark
- Centre for Educational Development, Aarhus University, Aarhus 8200, Denmark
| | - Anna Abulí
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Genetics and Medicine Genetics Group, VHIR, University Hospital Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Leslie Danvoye
- Department of Neurology, Université catholique de Louvain, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels 1200, Belgium
| | - Damien Lederer
- Centre for Human Genetics, Institute for Pathology and Genetics, Gosselies 6041, Belgium
| | - Tugce Balci
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Western University, London, ON N6A3K7, Canada
- Medical Genetics Program of Southwestern Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre and Children's Health Research Institute, London, ON N6A5A5, Canada
| | - Maryam Nabavi Nouri
- Department of Paediatrics, Division of Pediatric Neurology, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | | | - Sarah Drewes
- Department of Medical Genetics, UPMC Children’s Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15224, USA
| | - Kalene van Engelen
- Medical Genetics Program of Southwestern Ontario, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON N6A5W9, Canada
| | - Katherine B Howell
- Department of Neurology, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Jean Khoury
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
| | - Patrick May
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Marena Trinidad
- Translational Genomics, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Steven Froelich
- Translational Genomics, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Johannes R Lemke
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | | | | | - Jing-Qiong Kang
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Neurology, Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Nashville, TN 37235, USA
- Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center of Human Development, Nashville, TN 37203, USA
| | - Arthur Wuster
- Translational Genomics, BioMarin Pharmaceutical Inc., Novato, CA 94949, USA
| | - Rikke S Møller
- Department of Epilepsy Genetics and Personalized Medicine, The Danish Epilepsy Centre, Dianalund 4293, Denmark
- Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense 5000, Denmark
| | - Dennis Lal
- Genomic Medicine Institute and Epilepsy Center, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
- Stanley Center of Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Health Sciences Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Fasham J, Huebner AK, Liebmann L, Khalaf-Nazzal R, Maroofian R, Kryeziu N, Wortmann SB, Leslie JS, Ubeyratna N, Mancini GMS, van Slegtenhorst M, Wilke M, Haack TB, Shamseldin HE, Gleeson JG, Almuhaizea M, Dweikat I, Abu-Libdeh B, Daana M, Zaki MS, Wakeling MN, McGavin L, Turnpenny PD, Alkuraya FS, Houlden H, Schlattmann P, Kaila K, Crosby AH, Baple EL, Hübner CA. SLC4A10 mutation causes a neurological disorder associated with impaired GABAergic transmission. Brain 2023; 146:4547-4561. [PMID: 37459438 PMCID: PMC10629776 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
SLC4A10 is a plasma-membrane bound transporter that utilizes the Na+ gradient to drive cellular HCO3- uptake, thus mediating acid extrusion. In the mammalian brain, SLC4A10 is expressed in principal neurons and interneurons, as well as in epithelial cells of the choroid plexus, the organ regulating the production of CSF. Using next generation sequencing on samples from five unrelated families encompassing nine affected individuals, we show that biallelic SLC4A10 loss-of-function variants cause a clinically recognizable neurodevelopmental disorder in humans. The cardinal clinical features of the condition include hypotonia in infancy, delayed psychomotor development across all domains and intellectual impairment. Affected individuals commonly display traits associated with autistic spectrum disorder including anxiety, hyperactivity and stereotyped movements. In two cases isolated episodes of seizures were reported in the first few years of life, and a further affected child displayed bitemporal epileptogenic discharges on EEG without overt clinical seizures. While occipitofrontal circumference was reported to be normal at birth, progressive postnatal microcephaly evolved in 7 out of 10 affected individuals. Neuroradiological features included a relative preservation of brain volume compared to occipitofrontal circumference, characteristic narrow sometimes 'slit-like' lateral ventricles and corpus callosum abnormalities. Slc4a10 -/- mice, deficient for SLC4A10, also display small lateral brain ventricles and mild behavioural abnormalities including delayed habituation and alterations in the two-object novel object recognition task. Collapsed brain ventricles in both Slc4a10-/- mice and affected individuals suggest an important role of SLC4A10 in the production of the CSF. However, it is notable that despite diverse roles of the CSF in the developing and adult brain, the cortex of Slc4a10-/- mice appears grossly intact. Co-staining with synaptic markers revealed that in neurons, SLC4A10 localizes to inhibitory, but not excitatory, presynapses. These findings are supported by our functional studies, which show the release of the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA is compromised in Slc4a10-/- mice, while the release of the excitatory neurotransmitter glutamate is preserved. Manipulation of intracellular pH partially rescues GABA release. Together our studies define a novel neurodevelopmental disorder associated with biallelic pathogenic variants in SLC4A10 and highlight the importance of further analyses of the consequences of SLC4A10 loss-of-function for brain development, synaptic transmission and network properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Fasham
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Antje K Huebner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Lutz Liebmann
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Reham Khalaf-Nazzal
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University of Palestine, Jenin, P227, Palestine
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Nderim Kryeziu
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children’s Hospital, Salzburger Landeskliniken (SALK) and Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), 5020 Salzburg, Austria
- Amalia Children’s Hospital, Radboudumc, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universität München, 80333 Munich, Germany
| | - Joseph S Leslie
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Nishanka Ubeyratna
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Grazia M S Mancini
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Martina Wilke
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias B Haack
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Applied Genomics, University of Tuebingen, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hanan E Shamseldin
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Joseph G Gleeson
- Rady Children’s Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA 92123, USA
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Mohamed Almuhaizea
- Department of Neuroscience, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imad Dweikat
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Arab American University of Palestine, Jenin, P227, Palestine
| | - Bassam Abu-Libdeh
- Department of Pediatrics and Genetics, Makassed Hospital and Al-Quds University, East Jerusalem, 95908, Palestine
| | - Muhannad Daana
- Department of Pediatrics, Arab Women’s Union Hospital, Nablus, P400, Palestine
| | - Maha S Zaki
- Clinical Genetics Department, Human Genetics and Genome Research Institute, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12622, Egypt
| | - Matthew N Wakeling
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Lucy McGavin
- Department of Radiology, Derriford Hospital, Plymouth PL6 8DH, UK
| | - Peter D Turnpenny
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Fowzan S Alkuraya
- Department of Translational Genomics, Center for Genomic Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11564, Saudi Arabia
| | - Henry Houlden
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George’s University of London, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Peter Schlattmann
- Institute for Medical Statistics, Computer Science and Data Science, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Kai Kaila
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Neuroscience Center, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Andrew H Crosby
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Emma L Baple
- RILD Wellcome Wolfson Centre, University of Exeter Medical School, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
- Peninsula Clinical Genetics Service, Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Christian A Hübner
- Institute of Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller Universität, 07747 Jena, Germany
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Ruhe J, Nadal J, Bärthlein B, Meiselbach H, Schultheiss UT, Kotsis F, Stockmann H, Krane V, Sommerer C, Löffler I, Saritas T, Kielstein JT, Sitter T, Schneider MP, Schmid M, Wanner C, Eckardt KU, Wolf G, Busch M. Cardiovascular risk due to diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic kidney disease-prospective data from the German Chronic Kidney Disease cohort. Clin Kidney J 2023; 16:2032-2040. [PMID: 37915914 PMCID: PMC10616496 DOI: 10.1093/ckj/sfad194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are well-known cardiovascular and mortality risk factors. To what extent they act in an additive manner and whether the etiology of CKD modifies the risk is uncertain. Methods The multicenter, prospective, observational German Chronic Kidney Disease study comprises 5217 participants (1868 with DM) with a baseline mean estimated glomerular filtration rate of 30-60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or proteinuria >0.5 g/day. We categorized patients whose CKD was caused by cardiovascular or metabolic diseases (CKDcvm) with and without DM, as opposed to genuine CKD (CKDgen) with and without DM. Recorded outcomes were first events of non-cardiovascular and cardiovascular death, 4-point major adverse cardiovascular events (4-point MACE) and hospitalization for heart failure (HHF). Results During the 6.5-year follow-up 603 (12%) non-cardiovascular and 209 (4%) cardiovascular deaths, 645 (12%) 4-point MACE, and 398 (8%) HHF were observed, most frequently in patients with DM having CKDcvm. DM increased the risk of non-cardiovascular [hazard ratio (HR) 1.92; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.59-2.32] and cardiovascular (HR 2.25; 95% CI 1.62-3.12) deaths, 4-point MACE (HR 1.93; 95% CI 1.62-2.31) and HHF (HR 1.87; 95% CI 1.48-2.36). Mortality risks were elevated by DM to a similar extent in CKDcvm and CKDgen, but for HHF in CKDcvm only (HR 2.07; 95% CI 1.55-2.77). In patients with DM, CKDcvm (versus CKDgen) only increased the risk for HHF (HR 1.93; 95% CI 1.15-3.22). Conclusions DM contributes to cardiovascular and mortality excess risk in patients with moderate to severe CKD in both, CKDcvm and CKDgen. Patients with DM and CKDcvm are particularly susceptible to HHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Ruhe
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Nephrology, University Hospital Jena – Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Jennifer Nadal
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Barbara Bärthlein
- Medical Centre for Information and Communication Technology, University Hospital Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Heike Meiselbach
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ulla T Schultheiss
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Departmentof Medicine IV-Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fruzsina Kotsis
- Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
- Departmentof Medicine IV-Nephrology and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine and Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Helena Stockmann
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Vera Krane
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Sommerer
- Nephrology Unit, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivonne Löffler
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Nephrology, University Hospital Jena – Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Turgay Saritas
- Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jan T Kielstein
- Medical Clinic V Nephrology, Rheumatology, Blood Purification – Academic Teaching Hospital Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Sitter
- Department of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Hospital Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Markus P Schneider
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Matthias Schmid
- Department of Medical Biometry, Informatics, and Epidemiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christoph Wanner
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kai-Uwe Eckardt
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Department of Nephrology and Medical Intensive Care, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gunter Wolf
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Nephrology, University Hospital Jena – Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Busch
- Department of Internal Medicine III, Nephrology, University Hospital Jena – Friedrich Schiller University, Jena, Germany
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Nelke C, Schroeter CB, Theissen L, Preusse C, Pawlitzki M, Räuber S, Dobelmann V, Cengiz D, Kleefeld F, Roos A, Schoser B, Brunn A, Neuen-Jacob E, Zschüntzsch J, Meuth SG, Stenzel W, Ruck T. Senescent fibro-adipogenic progenitors are potential drivers of pathology in inclusion body myositis. Acta Neuropathol 2023; 146:725-745. [PMID: 37773216 PMCID: PMC10564677 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-023-02637-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is unique across the spectrum of idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIM) due to its distinct clinical presentation and refractoriness to current treatment approaches. One explanation for this resistance may be the engagement of cell-autonomous mechanisms that sustain or promote disease progression of IBM independent of inflammatory activity. In this study, we focused on senescence of tissue-resident cells as potential driver of disease. For this purpose, we compared IBM patients to non-diseased controls and immune-mediated necrotizing myopathy patients. Histopathological analysis suggested that cellular senescence is a prominent feature of IBM, primarily affecting non-myogenic cells. In-depth analysis by single nuclei RNA sequencing allowed for the deconvolution and study of muscle-resident cell populations. Among these, we identified a specific cluster of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs) that demonstrated key hallmarks of senescence, including a pro-inflammatory secretome, expression of p21, increased β-galactosidase activity, and engagement of senescence pathways. FAP function is required for muscle cell health with changes to their phenotype potentially proving detrimental. In this respect, the transcriptomic landscape of IBM was also characterized by changes to the myogenic compartment demonstrating a pronounced loss of type 2A myofibers and a rarefication of acetylcholine receptor expressing myofibers. IBM muscle cells also engaged a specific pro-inflammatory phenotype defined by intracellular complement activity and the expression of immunogenic surface molecules. Skeletal muscle cell dysfunction may be linked to FAP senescence by a change in the collagen composition of the latter. Senescent FAPs lose collagen type XV expression, which is required to support myofibers' structural integrity and neuromuscular junction formation in vitro. Taken together, this study demonstrates an altered phenotypical landscape of muscle-resident cells and that FAPs, and not myofibers, are the primary senescent cell type in IBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Nelke
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Christina B Schroeter
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Lukas Theissen
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Corinna Preusse
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Marc Pawlitzki
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Saskia Räuber
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Vera Dobelmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Derya Cengiz
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Kleefeld
- Department of Neurology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Roos
- Department of Neuropediatrics, Developmental Neurology and Social Pediatrics, Centre for Neuromuscular Disorders in Children, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich Baur Institute at the Department of Neurology, LMU University Hospital, LMU Munich, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Anna Brunn
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Eva Neuen-Jacob
- Institute of Neuropathology, Heinrich Heine University, University Hospital of Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jana Zschüntzsch
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Göttingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Sven G Meuth
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany
| | - Werner Stenzel
- Department of Neuropathology, Charité-University Medicine Berlin, Bonhoefferweg 3, 10117, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tobias Ruck
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Duesseldorf, Moorenstr. 5, 40225, Duesseldorf, Germany.
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Jansky B, Hendl T, Nocanda AZ. Patient-led innovation and global health justice: Open-source digital health technology for type 1 diabetes care. Bioethics 2023. [PMID: 37830740 DOI: 10.1111/bioe.13205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023]
Abstract
Health innovation is mainly envisioned in direct connection to medical research institutions or pharmaceutical and technology companies. Yet, these types of innovation often do not meet the needs and expectations of individuals affected by health conditions. With the emergence of digital health technologies and social media, we can observe a shift, which involves people living with illness modifying and improving medical and health devices outside of the formal research and development sector, figuring both as users and innovators. This patient-led innovation has been celebrated in innovation studies and economics as a "bottom-up" type of innovation. In this article, we take a closer look at open-source patient-led innovation in the context of type 1 diabetes care. In our inquiry, we pay particular attention to the social and ethical dimensions of this innovation, building on empirical material. Upon exploring the notion of patient-led innovation and its socio-political context through the lens of intersectional and global health justice, we argue that a proactive strategy is needed to ensure that open-source patient-led innovation will be more globally accessible, center the health needs of the most underserved populations, as well as facilitate equitable and just health benefits. To support this aim, we provide a range of examples of different initiatives addressing the persistent inequalities that have so far inhibited patient-led innovation from more fully materializing its innovative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Jansky
- Institute for Ethics and History of Health in Society, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Tereza Hendl
- Institute for Ethics and History of Health in Society, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
- Institute of Ethics, History and Theory of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
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42
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Böer T, Bengelsdorf FR, Bömeke M, Daniel R, Poehlein A. Genome-based metabolic and phylogenomic analysis of three Terrisporobacter species. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0290128. [PMID: 37816002 PMCID: PMC10564238 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0290128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Acetogenic bacteria are of high interest for biotechnological applications as industrial platform organisms, however, acetogenic strains from the genus Terrisporobacter have hitherto been neglected. To date, three published type strains of the genus Terrisporobacter are only covered by draft genome sequences, and the genes and pathway responsible for acetogenesis have not been analyzed. Here, we report complete genome sequences of the bacterial type strains Terrisporobacter petrolearius JCM 19845T, Terrisporobacter mayombei DSM 6539T and Terrisporobacter glycolicus DSM 1288T. Functional annotation, KEGG pathway module reconstructions and screening for virulence factors were performed. Various species-specific vitamin, cofactor and amino acid auxotrophies were identified and a model for acetogenesis of Terrisporobacter was constructed. The complete genomes harbored a gene cluster for the reductive proline-dependent branch of the Stickland reaction located on an approximately 21 kb plasmid, which is exclusively found in the Terrisporobacter genus. Phylogenomic analysis of available Terrisporobacter genomes suggested a reclassification of most isolates as T. glycolicus into T. petrolearius.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Böer
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Frank R. Bengelsdorf
- Institute for Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Prokaryotes, University Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mechthild Bömeke
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Rolf Daniel
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Anja Poehlein
- Genomic and Applied Microbiology and Göttingen Genomics Laboratory, Institute of Microbiology and Genetics, Georg-August-University Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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Elkhafif OW, Hassan HK, Ceblin MU, Farkas A, Jacob T. Influence of Residual Water Traces on the Electrochemical Performance of Hydrophobic Ionic Liquids for Magnesium-Containing Electrolytes. ChemSusChem 2023; 16:e202300421. [PMID: 37338003 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202300421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
A trace amount of water is typically unavoidable as an impurity in ionic liquids, which is a huge challenge for their application in Mg-ion batteries. Here, we employed molecular sieves of different pore diameters (3, 4, and 5 Å), to effectively remove the trace amounts of water from 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (MPPip-TFSI) and 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (BMP-TFSI). Notably, after sieving (water content <1 mg ⋅ L-1 ), new anodic peaks arise that are attributed to the formation of different anion-cation structures induced by minimizing the influence of hydrogen bonds. Furthermore, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) reveals that the electrolyte resistance decreases by ∼10 % for MPPip-TFSI and by ∼28 % for BMP-TFSI after sieving. The electrochemical Mg deposition/dissolution is investigated in MPPip-TFSI/tetraglyme (1 : 1)+100 mM Mg(TFSI)2 +10 mM Mg(BH4 )2 using Ag/AgCl and Mg reference electrodes. The presence of a trace amount of water leads to a considerable shift of 0.9 V vs. Mg2+/ Mg in the overpotential of Mg deposition. In contrast, drying of MPPip-TFSI enhances the reversibility of Mg deposition/dissolution and suppresses the passivation of the Mg electrode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar W Elkhafif
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hagar K Hassan
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) - Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Maximilian U Ceblin
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Attila Farkas
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
| | - Timo Jacob
- Institute of Electrochemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 47, 89081, Ulm, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Ulm (HIU) - Electrochemical Energy Storage, Helmholtzstr. 11, D-89081, Ulm, Germany
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), P.O. Box 3640, D-76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
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Tessier M, Garcia MS, Goubert E, Blasco E, Consumi A, Dehapiot B, Tian L, Molinari F, Laurin J, Guillemot F, Hübner CA, Pellegrino C, Rivera C. Bumetanide induces post-traumatic microglia-interneuron contact to promote neurogenesis and recovery. Brain 2023; 146:4247-4261. [PMID: 37082944 PMCID: PMC10545516 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the Na-K-Cl cotransporter (NKCC1) inhibitor bumetanide has prominent positive effects on the pathophysiology of many neurological disorders, the mechanism of action is obscure. Attention paid to elucidating the role of Nkcc1 has mainly been focused on neurons, but recent single cell mRNA sequencing analysis has demonstrated that the major cellular populations expressing NKCC1 in the cortex are non-neuronal. We used a combination of conditional transgenic animals, in vivo electrophysiology, two-photon imaging, cognitive behavioural tests and flow cytometry to investigate the role of Nkcc1 inhibition by bumetanide in a mouse model of controlled cortical impact (CCI). Here, we found that bumetanide rescues parvalbumin-positive interneurons by increasing interneuron-microglia contacts shortly after injury. The longitudinal phenotypic changes in microglia were significantly modified by bumetanide, including an increase in the expression of microglial-derived BDNF. These effects were accompanied by the prevention of CCI-induced decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis. Treatment with bumetanide during the first week post-CCI resulted in significant recovery of working and episodic memory as well as changes in theta band oscillations 1 month later. These results disclose a novel mechanism for the neuroprotective action of bumetanide mediated by an acceleration of microglial activation dynamics that leads to an increase in parvalbumin interneuron survival following CCI, possibly resulting from increased microglial BDNF expression and contact with interneurons. Salvage of interneurons may normalize ambient GABA, resulting in the preservation of adult neurogenesis processes as well as contributing to bumetanide-mediated improvement of cognitive performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tessier
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | - Marta Saez Garcia
- Neuroscience Center, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Edith Blasco
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | | | - Benoit Dehapiot
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, IBDM-UMR7288, Turing Center for Living Systems, 13288 Marseille, France
| | - Li Tian
- Institute of Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Tartu, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | | | - Jerome Laurin
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
| | | | - Christian A Hübner
- Institut für Humangenetik, Universitätsklinikum Jena, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | | | - Claudio Rivera
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, INMED, 13273 Marseille, France
- Neuroscience Center, 00014 University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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45
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Mokari A, Guo S, Bocklitz T. Exploring the Steps of Infrared (IR) Spectral Analysis: Pre-Processing, (Classical) Data Modelling, and Deep Learning. Molecules 2023; 28:6886. [PMID: 37836728 PMCID: PMC10574384 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Infrared (IR) spectroscopy has greatly improved the ability to study biomedical samples because IR spectroscopy measures how molecules interact with infrared light, providing a measurement of the vibrational states of the molecules. Therefore, the resulting IR spectrum provides a unique vibrational fingerprint of the sample. This characteristic makes IR spectroscopy an invaluable and versatile technology for detecting a wide variety of chemicals and is widely used in biological, chemical, and medical scenarios. These include, but are not limited to, micro-organism identification, clinical diagnosis, and explosive detection. However, IR spectroscopy is susceptible to various interfering factors such as scattering, reflection, and interference, which manifest themselves as baseline, band distortion, and intensity changes in the measured IR spectra. Combined with the absorption information of the molecules of interest, these interferences prevent direct data interpretation based on the Beer-Lambert law. Instead, more advanced data analysis approaches, particularly artificial intelligence (AI)-based algorithms, are required to remove the interfering contributions and, more importantly, to translate the spectral signals into high-level biological/chemical information. This leads to the tasks of spectral pre-processing and data modeling, the main topics of this review. In particular, we will discuss recent developments in both tasks from the perspectives of classical machine learning and deep learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Mokari
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Research Alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, 07745 Jena, Germany (S.G.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Shuxia Guo
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Research Alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, 07745 Jena, Germany (S.G.)
| | - Thomas Bocklitz
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology, Member of Research Alliance “Leibniz Health Technologies”, 07745 Jena, Germany (S.G.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics & Computer Science, University Bayreuth, Universitaet sstraße 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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Mack CE, Klaiber U, Sauer P, Kohlhas L, Baumann L, Martin E, Mehrabi A, Buchler MW, Hackert T. Protocol of a randomised controlled phase II clinical trial investigating PREoperative endoscopic injection of BOTulinum toxin into the sphincter of Oddi to reduce bile leakage after hepatic resection: the PREBOT-II trial. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e065727. [PMID: 37730416 PMCID: PMC10514658 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-065727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Bile leakage represents a major cause of morbidity following hepatic resection. Although most patients can be managed non-operatively, this complication requires diagnostics and therapeutic interventions. Preoperative endoscopic injection of botulinum toxin (BTX) into the sphincter of Oddi represents an innovative approach to prevent bile leakage. The aim of the PREBOT-II trial is to generate the first randomised controlled trial data on the safety, feasibility and efficacy of preoperative endoscopic BTX injection into the sphincter of Oddi to prevent bile leakage following hepatic resection. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The PREBOT-II trial is an investigator-initiated, exploratory, multicentre, randomised, controlled, open-label, phase II clinical trial with two parallel study groups. 70 patients scheduled for hepatic resection will be randomised to either the intervention or the control group. Patients of the intervention group will undergo preoperative endoscopic injection of BTX into the sphincter of Oddi 3-10 days before surgery, whereas in the control group only hepatic resection will be performed. The primary endpoint is the occurrence of a postoperative bile leakage within 30 days after hepatic resection according to the definition of the International Study Group of Liver Surgery. The secondary endpoints comprise further postoperative morbidity parameters such as severity of postoperative bile leakage, post-hepatectomy haemorrhage or liver failure, mortality and quality of life up to 3 months after hepatic resection. Safety and feasibility of the procedure will also be recorded. ETHICS, FUNDING AND DISSEMINATION The PREBOT-II trial has been approved by the German Federal Institute for Drugs and Medical Devices (reference number 4044932) and the Ethics Committee of Heidelberg University (reference number AFmu-558/2021). This trial is supported by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. The results will be presented at national and international conferences and published in a peer-reviewed journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER DRKS00024061, EudraCT: 2020-006001-35.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eva Mack
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Ulla Klaiber
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Wien, Austria
| | - Peter Sauer
- Interdisciplinary Center of Endoscopy, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Laura Kohlhas
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Lukas Baumann
- Institute of Medical Biometry, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Eike Martin
- Patient Advocacy, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Arianeb Mehrabi
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Markus W Buchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Thilo Hackert
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
- Department of General, Visceral and Thoracic Surgery, University Hospital Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Blume R, Calvet W, Ghafari A, Mayer T, Knop-Gericke A, Schlögl R. Structural and Chemical Properties of NiO x Thin Films: Oxygen Vacancy Formation in O 2 Atmosphere. Chemphyschem 2023:e202300231. [PMID: 37706589 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202300231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
NiOx films on Si(111) were put in contact with oxygen at elevated temperatures. During heating and cooling in oxygen atmosphere Near Ambient Pressure (NAP)-XPS and -XAS and work function (WF) measurements reveal the creation and replenishing of oxygen vacancies in dependence of temperature. Oxygen vacancies manifest themselves as a distinct O1s feature at 528.9 eV on the low binding energy side of the main NiO peak as well as by a distinct deviation of the Ni2p3/2 spectral features from the typical NiO spectra. DFT calculations reveal that the presence of oxygen vacancies leads to a charge redistribution and altered bond lengths of the atoms surrounding the vacancies causing the observed spectral changes. Furthermore, we observed that a broadening of the lowest energy peak in the O K-edge spectra can be attributed to oxygen vacancies. In the presence of oxygen vacancies, the WF is lowered by 0.1 eV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raoul Blume
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Postfach 101365, 45413, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Wolfram Calvet
- Fachbereich 1, Umweltbundesamt, Wörlitzer Platz 1, 06844, Dessau-Roßlar, Germany
| | - Aliakbar Ghafari
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Postfach 101365, 45413, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Thomas Mayer
- FG Oberflächenforschung, TU Darmstadt, Otto-Berndt-Str. 3, 64287, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Axel Knop-Gericke
- Max-Planck-Institut für Chemische Energiekonversion, Postfach 101365, 45413, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Robert Schlögl
- Abt. Anorganische Chemie, Fritz-Haber-Institut der MPG, Faradayweg 4-6, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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Bede P, Lulé D, Müller HP, Tan EL, Dorst J, Ludolph AC, Kassubek J. Presymptomatic grey matter alterations in ALS kindreds: a computational neuroimaging study of asymptomatic C9orf72 and SOD1 mutation carriers. J Neurol 2023; 270:4235-4247. [PMID: 37178170 PMCID: PMC10421803 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The characterisation of presymptomatic disease-burden patterns in asymptomatic mutation carriers has a dual academic and clinical relevance. The understanding of disease propagation mechanisms is of considerable conceptual interests, and defining the optimal time of pharmacological intervention is essential for improved clinical trial outcomes. METHODS In a prospective, multimodal neuroimaging study, 22 asymptomatic C9orf72 GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat carriers, 13 asymptomatic subjects with SOD1, and 54 "gene-negative" ALS kindreds were enrolled. Cortical and subcortical grey matter alterations were systematically appraised using volumetric, morphometric, vertex, and cortical thickness analyses. Using a Bayesian approach, the thalamus and amygdala were further parcellated into specific nuclei and the hippocampus was segmented into anatomically defined subfields. RESULTS Asymptomatic GGGGCC hexanucleotide repeat carriers in C9orf72 exhibited early subcortical changes with the preferential involvement of the pulvinar and mediodorsal regions of the thalamus, as well as the lateral aspect of the hippocampus. Volumetric approaches, morphometric methods, and vertex analyses were anatomically consistent in capturing focal subcortical changes in asymptomatic C9orf72 hexanucleotide repeat expansion carriers. SOD1 mutation carriers did not exhibit significant subcortical grey matter alterations. In our study, none of the two asymptomatic cohorts exhibited cortical grey matter alterations on either cortical thickness or morphometric analyses. DISCUSSION The presymptomatic radiological signature of C9orf72 is associated with selective thalamic and focal hippocampal degeneration which may be readily detectable before cortical grey matter changes ensue. Our findings confirm selective subcortical grey matter involvement early in the course of C9orf72-associated neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bede
- Computational Neuroimaging Group (CNG), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 RS90, Ireland.
- Department of Neurology, St James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Dorothée Lulé
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Ee Ling Tan
- Computational Neuroimaging Group (CNG), School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, D02 RS90, Ireland
| | - Johannes Dorst
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Albert C Ludolph
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
| | - Jan Kassubek
- Department of Neurology, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
- German Centre of Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Ulm, Germany
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49
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Müller UJ, Schmalenbach LJ, Dobrowolny H, Guest PC, Schlaaff K, Mawrin C, Truebner K, Bogerts B, Gos T, Bernstein HG, Steiner J. Reduced anterior insular cortex volume in male heroin addicts: a postmortem study. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023; 273:1233-1241. [PMID: 36719479 PMCID: PMC9888352 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01553-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We and others have observed reduced volumes of brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens, globus pallidus, hypothalamus, and habenula in opioid addiction. Notably, the insular cortex has been under increasing study in addiction, and a smaller anterior insula has been found in alcohol-addicted cases. Here, we have investigated whether similar effects occur in heroin addicts compared to healthy controls. Volumes of the anterior and posterior insula in heroin addicts (n = 14) and controls (n = 13) were assessed by morphometry of Nissl-myelin-stained serial whole-brain coronal sections. The mean relative volume of the anterior insular cortex was smaller than in non-addicted controls (3010 ± 614 *10-6 versus 3970 ± 1306 *10-6; p = 0.021). However, no significant differences in neuronal cell counts were observed. Therefore, the observed volume reduction appears to be a consequence of damaged connecting structures such as neuropil and glial cells. The findings were not confounded by age or duration of autolysis. Our results provide further evidence of structural deficits in key hubs of the addiction circuitry in heroin-dependent individuals and warrant further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulf J Müller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Forensic Psychiatric State Hospital of Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal-Uchtspringe, Germany
| | - Lucas J Schmalenbach
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Dobrowolny
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Laboratory of Neuroproteomics, Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Konstantin Schlaaff
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research On Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying, Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany
| | - Christian Mawrin
- Department of Neuropathology, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Kurt Truebner
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Bogerts
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany
- Salus Institute, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Tomasz Gos
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Hans-Gert Bernstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Johann Steiner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Translational Psychiatry Laboratory, University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.
- Center for Behavioral Brain Sciences, Magdeburg, Germany.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZP), Center for Intervention and Research On Adaptive and Maladaptive Brain Circuits Underlying, Mental Health (C-I-R-C), Jena-Magdeburg-Halle, Germany.
- Center for Health Und Medical Prevention (CHaMP), Magdeburg, Germany.
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Hackl LM, Fenn A, Louadi Z, Baumbach J, Kacprowski T, List M, Tsoy O. Alternative splicing impacts microRNA regulation within coding regions. NAR Genom Bioinform 2023; 5:lqad081. [PMID: 37705830 PMCID: PMC10495541 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules that bind to target sites in different gene regions and regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. Approximately 95% of human multi-exon genes can be spliced alternatively, which enables the production of functionally diverse transcripts and proteins from a single gene. Through alternative splicing, transcripts might lose the exon with the miRNA target site and become unresponsive to miRNA regulation. To check this hypothesis, we studied the role of miRNA target sites in both coding and non-coding regions using six cancer data sets from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Parkinson's disease data from PPMI. First, we predicted miRNA target sites on mRNAs from their sequence using TarPmiR. To check whether alternative splicing interferes with this regulation, we trained linear regression models to predict miRNA expression from transcript expression. Using nested models, we compared the predictive power of transcripts with miRNA target sites in the coding regions to that of transcripts without target sites. Models containing transcripts with target sites perform significantly better. We conclude that alternative splicing does interfere with miRNA regulation by skipping exons with miRNA target sites within the coding region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Maria Hackl
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Amit Fenn
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Zakaria Louadi
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Jan Baumbach
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Computational BioMedicine Lab, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 50, 5230 Odense, Denmark
| | - Tim Kacprowski
- Division Data Science in Biomedicine, Peter L. Reichertz Institute for Medical Informatics of TU Braunschweig and Hannover Medical School, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
- Braunschweig Integrated Centre of Systems Biology (BRICS), TU Braunschweig, Rebenring 56, 38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Markus List
- Chair of Experimental Bioinformatics, TUM School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Maximus-von-Imhof-Forum 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Olga Tsoy
- Institute for Computational Systems Biology, University of Hamburg, Notkestrasse 9, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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