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Tuomola EM, Keskinen KE, Viljanen A, Rantanen T, Portegijs E. Neighborhood Walkability, Walking Difficulties, and Participation in Leisure Activities Among Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study and 4-Year Follow-Up of a Subsample. J Aging Health 2024; 36:367-378. [PMID: 37482698 PMCID: PMC11025300 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231191444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: To study cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between objectively assessed neighborhood walkability, walking difficulties, and participation in leisure activities among older people. Methods: Self-reported 2 km walking difficulty (intact, modifications, difficulties) at baseline and participating in organized group, outdoor recreation and cultural activities at baseline and follow-up were studied in community-dwelling persons (N = 848) aged 75-90. A walkability index, calculated using a geographic information system, was categorized into tertiles (lowest, middle, highest). Results: Residence in the highest walkability areas was associated with higher participation in cultural activities and lower participation in outdoor recreation, while the latter was most frequently reported by residents in the lowest walkability areas. Those reporting no difficulties were more likely than those reporting difficulties to participate in all studied activities. Residence in the middle or highest walkability areas predicted higher participation in cultural activities at follow-up. Discussion: Older persons activity profiles associate with neighborhood walkability and walking difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essi-Mari Tuomola
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kirsi E. Keskinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Anne Viljanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyvaskyla, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Erja Portegijs
- University Medical Center Groningen, Center for Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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Holm A, Reinikainen M, Kurola J, Vaahersalo J, Tiainen M, Varpula T, Hästbacka J, Lääperi M, Skrifvars MB. Factors associated with fever after cardiac arrest: A post-hoc analysis of the FINNRESUSCI study. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2024; 68:635-644. [PMID: 38351520 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fever after cardiac arrest may impact outcome. We aimed to assess the incidence of fever in post-cardiac arrest patients, factors predicting fever and its association with functional outcome in patients treated without targeted temperature management (TTM). METHODS The FINNRESUSCI observational cohort study in 2010-2011 included intensive care unit (ICU)-treated out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients from all five Finnish university hospitals and 14 of 15 central hospitals. This post hoc analysis included those FINNRESUSCI study patients who were not treated with TH. We defined fever as at least one temperature measurement of ≥37.8°C within 72 h of ICU admission. The primary outcome was favourable functional outcome at 12 months, defined as cerebral performance category (CPC) of 1 or 2. Binary logistic regression models including witnessed arrest, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), initial rhythm and delay of return of spontaneous circulation were used to compare the functional outcomes of the groups. RESULTS There were 67,428 temperature measurements from 192 patients, of whom 89 (46%) experienced fever. Twelve-month CPC was missing in 7 patients, and 51 (28%) patients had favourable functional outcome at 12 months. The patients with shockable initial rhythms had a lower incidence of fever within 72 h of ICU admission (28% vs. 72%, p < .01), and the patients who experienced fever had a longer median return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) delay (20 [IQR 10-30] vs. 14 [IQR 9-22] min, p < .01). Only initial non-shockable rhythm (OR 2.99, 95% CI 1.51-5.94) was associated with increased risk of fever within the first 72 h of ICU admission. Neither time in minutes nor area (minutes × degree celsius over threshold) over 37°C, 37.5°C, 38°C, 38.5°C, 39°C, 39.5°C or 40°C were significantly different in those with favourable functional outcome compared to those with unfavourable functional outcome within the first 24, 48 or 72 h from ICU admission. Fever was not associated with favourable functional outcome at 12 months (OR 0.90, 95% CI 0.44-1.84). CONCLUSIONS Half of OHCA patients not treated with TTM developed fever. We found no association between fever and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aki Holm
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matti Reinikainen
- University of Eastern Finland and Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jouni Kurola
- University of Eastern Finland and Centre of Prehospital Emergency Care, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jukka Vaahersalo
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marjaana Tiainen
- Department of Neurology, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tero Varpula
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Hästbacka
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mitja Lääperi
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markus B Skrifvars
- Department of Emergency Care and Services, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
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Monteux S, Blume-Werry G, Gavazov K, Kirchhoff L, Krab EJ, Lett S, Pedersen EP, Väisänen M. Controlling biases in targeted plant removal experiments. New Phytol 2024; 242:1835-1845. [PMID: 38044568 DOI: 10.1111/nph.19386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted removal experiments are a powerful tool to assess the effects of plant species or (functional) groups on ecosystem functions. However, removing plant biomass in itself can bias the observed responses. This bias is commonly addressed by waiting until ecosystem recovery, but this is inherently based on unverified proxies or anecdotal evidence. Statistical control methods are efficient, but restricted in scope by underlying assumptions. We propose accounting for such biases within the experimental design, using a gradient of biomass removal controls. We demonstrate the relevance of this design by presenting (1) conceptual examples of suspected biases and (2) how to observe and control for these biases. Using data from a mycorrhizal association-based removal experiment, we show that ignoring biomass removal biases (including by assuming ecosystem recovery) can lead to incorrect, or even contrary conclusions (e.g. false positive and false negative). Our gradient design can prevent such incorrect interpretations, regardless of whether aboveground biomass has fully recovered. Our approach provides more objective and quantitative insights, independently assessed for each variable, than using a proxy to assume ecosystem recovery. Our approach circumvents the strict statistical assumptions of, for example, ANCOVA and thus offers greater flexibility in data analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Monteux
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, SE-10691, Stockholm, Sweden
- UiT The Arctic University Museum of Norway, NO-9006, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Gesche Blume-Werry
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, SE-98107, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Konstantin Gavazov
- Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, CH-8903, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - Leah Kirchhoff
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, SE-98107, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Eveline J Krab
- Department of Soil and Environment, Swedish University for Agricultural Sciences SLU, SE-75651, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Signe Lett
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, DK-1165, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Emily P Pedersen
- Department of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Climate Impacts Research Centre, Umeå University, SE-98107, Abisko, Sweden
- Swedish Polar Research Secretariat, Abisko Scientific Research Station, SE-98107, Abisko, Sweden
| | - Maria Väisänen
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, FI-90014, Oulu, Finland
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Rytky SJO, Tiulpin A, Finnilä MAJ, Karhula SS, Sipola A, Kurttila V, Valkealahti M, Lehenkari P, Joukainen A, Kröger H, Korhonen RK, Saarakkala S, Niinimäki J. Clinical Super-Resolution Computed Tomography of Bone Microstructure: Application in Musculoskeletal and Dental Imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1255-1269. [PMID: 38361137 PMCID: PMC10995025 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices are limited to imaging features of half a millimeter in size and cannot quantify the tissue microstructure. We demonstrate a robust deep-learning method for enhancing clinical CT images, only requiring a limited set of easy-to-acquire training data. METHODS Knee tissue from five cadavers and six total knee replacement patients, and 14 teeth from eight patients were scanned using laboratory CT as training data for the developed super-resolution (SR) technique. The method was benchmarked against ex vivo test set, 52 osteochondral samples are imaged with clinical and laboratory CT. A quality assurance phantom was imaged with clinical CT to quantify the technical image quality. To visually assess the clinical image quality, musculoskeletal and maxillofacial CBCT studies were enhanced with SR and contrasted to interpolated images. A dental radiologist and surgeon reviewed the maxillofacial images. RESULTS The SR models predicted the bone morphological parameters on the ex vivo test set more accurately than conventional image processing. The phantom analysis confirmed higher spatial resolution on the SR images than interpolation, but image grayscales were modified. Musculoskeletal and maxillofacial CBCT images showed more details on SR than interpolation; however, artifacts were observed near the crown of the teeth. The readers assessed mediocre overall scores for both SR and interpolation. The source code and pretrained networks are publicly available. CONCLUSION Model training with laboratory modalities could push the resolution limit beyond state-of-the-art clinical musculoskeletal and dental CBCT. A larger maxillofacial training dataset is recommended for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santeri J O Rytky
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Aleksei Tiulpin
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari S Karhula
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Annina Sipola
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Väinö Kurttila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Valkealahti
- Department of Surgery and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Surgery and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Cancer and Translational Medical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Joukainen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Santhana Gopalan PR, Xu W, Waselius T, Wikgren J, Penttonen M, Nokia MS. Cardiorespiratory rhythm-contingent trace eyeblink conditioning in elderly adults. J Neurophysiol 2024; 131:797-806. [PMID: 38533969 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00356.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Learning outcome is modified by the degree to which the subject responds and pays attention to specific stimuli. Our recent research suggests that presenting stimuli in contingency with a specific phase of the cardiorespiratory rhythm might expedite learning. Specifically, expiration-diastole (EXP-DIA) is beneficial for learning trace eyeblink conditioning (TEBC) compared with inspiration-systole (INS-SYS) in healthy young adults. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the same holds true in healthy elderly adults (n = 50, aged >70 yr). Participants were instructed to watch a silent nature film while TEBC trials were presented at either INS-SYS or EXP-DIA (separate groups). Learned responses were determined as eyeblinks occurring after the tone conditioned stimulus (CS), immediately preceding the air puff unconditioned stimulus (US). Participants were classified as learners if they made at least five conditioned responses (CRs). Brain responses to the stimuli were measured by electroencephalogram (EEG). Memory for the film and awareness of the CS-US contingency were evaluated with a questionnaire. As a result, participants showed robust brain responses to the CS, acquired CRs, and reported awareness of the CS-US relationship to a variable degree. There was no difference between the INS-SYS and EXP-DIA groups in any of the above. However, when only participants who learned were considered, those trained at EXP-DIA (n = 11) made more CRs than those trained at INS-SYS (n = 13). Thus, learned performance could be facilitated in those elderly who learned. However, training at a specific phase of cardiorespiratory rhythm did not increase the proportion of participants who learned.NEW & NOTEWORTHY We trained healthy elderly individuals in trace eyeblink conditioning, either at inspiration-systole or at expiration-diastole. Those who learned exhibited more conditioned responses when trained at expiration-diastole rather than inspiration-systole. However, there was no difference between the experimental groups in the proportion of individuals who learned or did not learn.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Weiyong Xu
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain ResearchUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Tomi Waselius
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain ResearchUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Jan Wikgren
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain ResearchUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Markku Penttonen
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain ResearchUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
| | - Miriam S Nokia
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Interdisciplinary Brain ResearchUniversity of JyväskyläJyväskyläFinland
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Kositsky A, Stenroth L, Barrett RS, Korhonen RK, Vertullo CJ, Diamond LE, Saxby DJ. Muscle Morphology Does Not Solely Determine Knee Flexion Weakness After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with a Semitendinosus Tendon Graft: A Combined Experimental and Computational Modeling Study. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1313-1325. [PMID: 38421479 PMCID: PMC10995045 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03455-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
The distal semitendinosus tendon is commonly harvested for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, inducing substantial morbidity at the knee. The aim of this study was to probe how morphological changes of the semitendinosus muscle after harvest of its distal tendon for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction affects knee flexion strength and whether the knee flexor synergists can compensate for the knee flexion weakness. Ten participants 8-18 months after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with an ipsilateral distal semitendinosus tendon autograft performed isometric knee flexion strength testing (15°, 45°, 60°, and 90°; 0° = knee extension) positioned prone on an isokinetic dynamometer. Morphological parameters extracted from magnetic resonance images were used to inform a musculoskeletal model. Knee flexion moments estimated by the model were then compared with those measured experimentally at each knee angle position. A statistically significant between-leg difference in experimentally-measured maximal isometric strength was found at 60° and 90°, but not 15° or 45°, of knee flexion. The musculoskeletal model matched the between-leg differences observed in experimental knee flexion moments at 15° and 45° but did not well estimate between-leg differences with a more flexed knee, particularly at 90°. Further, the knee flexor synergists could not physiologically compensate for weakness in deep knee flexion. These results suggest additional factors other than knee flexor muscle morphology play a role in knee flexion weakness following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with a distal semitendinosus tendon graft and thus more work at neural and microscopic levels is required for informing treatment and rehabilitation in this demographic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Kositsky
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia.
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Lauri Stenroth
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rod S Barrett
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christopher J Vertullo
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
- Knee Research Australia, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Laura E Diamond
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J Saxby
- Griffith Centre of Biomedical and Rehabilitation Engineering (GCORE), Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland, Australia
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Norppa AJ, Chowdhury I, van Rooijen LE, Ravantti JJ, Snel B, Varjosalo M, Frilander MJ. Distinct functions for the paralogous RBM41 and U11/U12-65K proteins in the minor spliceosome. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:4037-4052. [PMID: 38499487 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Here, we identify RBM41 as a novel unique protein component of the minor spliceosome. RBM41 has no previously recognized cellular function but has been identified as a paralog of U11/U12-65K, a known unique component of the U11/U12 di-snRNP. Both proteins use their highly similar C-terminal RRMs to bind to 3'-terminal stem-loops in U12 and U6atac snRNAs with comparable affinity. Our BioID data indicate that the unique N-terminal domain of RBM41 is necessary for its association with complexes containing DHX8, an RNA helicase, which in the major spliceosome drives the release of mature mRNA from the spliceosome. Consistently, we show that RBM41 associates with excised U12-type intron lariats, is present in the U12 mono-snRNP, and is enriched in Cajal bodies, together suggesting that RBM41 functions in the post-splicing steps of the minor spliceosome assembly/disassembly cycle. This contrasts with U11/U12-65K, which uses its N-terminal region to interact with U11 snRNP during intron recognition. Finally, while RBM41 knockout cells are viable, they show alterations in U12-type 3' splice site usage. Together, our results highlight the role of the 3'-terminal stem-loop of U12 snRNA as a dynamic binding platform for the U11/U12-65K and RBM41 proteins, which function at distinct stages of the assembly/disassembly cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antto J Norppa
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Iftekhar Chowdhury
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group and Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura E van Rooijen
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Janne J Ravantti
- Molecular and Integrative Biosciences Research Programme, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Berend Snel
- Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, 3584 CH Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Markku Varjosalo
- Molecular Systems Biology Research Group and Proteomics Unit, Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mikko J Frilander
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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Sun K, Kurki L, Silveira OJ, Nishiuchi T, Kubo T, Foster AS, Kawai S. On-Surface Synthesis of Silole and Disila-Cyclooctene Derivatives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202401027. [PMID: 38415373 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202401027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of Si atoms into organic compounds significantly increases a variety of functionality, facilitating further applications. Recently, on-surface synthesis was introduced into organosilicon chemistry as 1,4-disilabenzene bridged nanostructures were obtained via coupling between silicon atoms and brominated phenyl groups at the ortho position on Au(111). Here, we demonstrate a high generality of this strategy via syntheses of silole derivatives and nanoribbon structures with eight-membered sila-cyclic rings from dibrominated molecules at the bay and peri positions on Au(111), respectively. Their structures and electronic properties were investigated by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. This work demonstrates a great potential to deal with heavy group 14 elements in on-surface silicon chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei Sun
- International Center for Young Scientists, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
| | - Lauri Kurki
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 11100, Aalto, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Orlando J Silveira
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 11100, Aalto, Espoo 00076, Finland
| | - Tomohiko Nishiuchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takashi Kubo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Adam S Foster
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box, 11100, Aalto, Espoo 00076, Finland
- Nano Life Science Institute (WPI-NanoLSI), Kanazawa University Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa, 920-1192, Japan
| | - Shigeki Kawai
- Center for Basic Research on Materials, National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-0047, Japan
- Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, 305-8571, Japan
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Haddad Momeni M, Zitting A, Jäämuru V, Turunen R, Penttilä P, Buchko GW, Hiltunen S, Maiorova N, Koivula A, Sapkota J, Marjamaa K, Master ER. Insights into the action of phylogenetically diverse microbial expansins on the structure of cellulose microfibrils. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2024; 17:56. [PMID: 38654330 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial expansins (EXLXs) are non-lytic proteins homologous to plant expansins involved in plant cell wall formation. Due to their non-lytic cell wall loosening properties and potential to disaggregate cellulosic structures, there is considerable interest in exploring the ability of microbial expansins (EXLX) to assist the processing of cellulosic biomass for broader biotechnological applications. Herein, EXLXs with different modular structure and from diverse phylogenetic origin were compared in terms of ability to bind cellulosic, xylosic, and chitinous substrates, to structurally modify cellulosic fibrils, and to boost enzymatic deconstruction of hardwood pulp. RESULTS Five heterogeneously produced EXLXs (Clavibacter michiganensis; CmiEXLX2, Dickeya aquatica; DaqEXLX1, Xanthomonas sacchari; XsaEXLX1, Nothophytophthora sp.; NspEXLX1 and Phytophthora cactorum; PcaEXLX1) were shown to bind xylan and hardwood pulp at pH 5.5 and CmiEXLX2 (harboring a family-2 carbohydrate-binding module) also bound well to crystalline cellulose. Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed a 20-25% increase in interfibrillar distance between neighboring cellulose microfibrils following treatment with CmiEXLX2, DaqEXLX1, or NspEXLX1. Correspondingly, combining xylanase with CmiEXLX2 and DaqEXLX1 increased product yield from hardwood pulp by ~ 25%, while supplementing the TrAA9A LPMO from Trichoderma reesei with CmiEXLX2, DaqEXLX1, and NspEXLX1 increased total product yield by over 35%. CONCLUSION This direct comparison of diverse EXLXs revealed consistent impacts on interfibrillar spacing of cellulose microfibers and performance of carbohydrate-active enzymes predicted to act on fiber surfaces. These findings uncover new possibilities to employ EXLXs in the creation of value-added materials from cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Haddad Momeni
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Aleksi Zitting
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Vilma Jäämuru
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Rosaliina Turunen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Paavo Penttilä
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Garry W Buchko
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Salla Hiltunen
- NE Research Center, UPM Pulp Research and Innovations, 53200, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Natalia Maiorova
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, 02044-VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anu Koivula
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, 02044-VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Janak Sapkota
- NE Research Center, UPM Pulp Research and Innovations, 53200, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Kaisa Marjamaa
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, 02044-VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
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10
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Mononen ME, Liukkonen MK, Turunen MJ. X-ray with finite element analysis is a viable alternative for MRI to predict knee osteoarthritis: Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. J Orthop Res 2024. [PMID: 38650428 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior soft tissue contrast compared to clinical X-ray imaging methods, while also providing accurate three-dimensional (3D) geometries, it could be reasoned to be the best imaging modality to create 3D finite element (FE) geometries of the knee joint. However, MRI may not necessarily be superior for making tissue-level FE simulations of internal stress distributions within knee joint, which can be utilized to calculate subject-specific risk for the onset and development of knee osteoarthritis (KOA). Specifically, MRI does not provide any information about tissue stiffness, as the imaging is usually performed with the patient lying on their back. In contrast, native X-rays taken while the patient is standing indirectly reveal information of the overall health of the knee that is not seen in MRI. To determine the feasibility of X-ray workflow to generate FE models based on the baseline information (clinical image data and subject characteristics), we compared MRI and X-ray-based simulations of volumetric cartilage degenerations (N = 1213) against 8-year follow-up data. The results suggest that X-ray-based predictions of KOA are at least as good as MRI-based predictions for subjects with no previous knee injuries. This finding may have important implications for preventive care, as X-ray imaging is much more accessible than MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mika E Mononen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mimmi K Liukkonen
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Kuopio University Hospital, The Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mikael J Turunen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, The Wellbeing Services County of North Savo, Kuopio, Finland
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11
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Kerksieck P, Kujanpää M, de Bloom J, Brauchli R, Bauer GF. A new perspective on balancing life domains: work-nonwork balance crafting. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1099. [PMID: 38649890 PMCID: PMC11034155 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Self-initiated and proactive changes in working conditions through crafting are essential for shaping work and improving work-related well-being. Recently, the research stream of job crafting has been extended to other life domains. The present paper aims to study a novel crafting concept-work-nonwork balance crafting-investigating the role of its antecedents and identifying relevant outcomes. Work-nonwork balance crafting is defined as individuals' unofficial techniques and activities to shape their work-nonwork balance, here considering their life domain boundary preferences. METHODS In the study, 1,060 employees in three European countries (Austria, Germany and Switzerland) were surveyed in a longitudinal three-wave study with three-month intervals. We explored the influences of job/home demands and resources as antecedents of work-nonwork balance crafting. Important constructs for employee health and well-being (i.e., work engagement, work-related burnout, mental well-being and detachment from work) were investigated as outcomes. RESULTS The findings suggest that resources and demands in the context of work or home are key antecedents of work-nonwork balance crafting. Work-nonwork balance crafting was also predictive for important employee health and well-being outcomes over three months, mainly in a positive and health-promoting way. CONCLUSION This study provides insights into the antecedents of proactive efforts to balance the complex interplay of life domains. By studying work-nonwork balance crafting, we provide a new perspective on crafting beyond job crafting, which may help maintain or improve employees' mental health and well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Kerksieck
- Public and Organizational Health / Center of Salutogenesis, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Miika Kujanpää
- School of Business, University of South-Eastern Norway, Hønefoss, Norway
| | - Jessica de Bloom
- Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Georg F Bauer
- Public and Organizational Health / Center of Salutogenesis, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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12
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Sakko S, Karpale M, Tapio J, Leppänen I, Ahokas O, Saarela V, Liinamaa MJ, Koivunen P. Hemoglobin levels are associated with retinal vascular caliber in a middle-aged birth cohort. Sci Rep 2024; 14:9092. [PMID: 38643302 PMCID: PMC11032340 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59688-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Vascular and neural structures of the retina can be visualized non-invasively and used to predict ocular and systemic pathologies. We set out to evaluate the association of hemoglobin (Hb) levels within the national reference interval with retinal vascular caliber, optical coherence tomography (OCT) and visual field (VF) parameters in the Northern Finland 1966 Birth Cohort (n = 2319, 42.1% male, average age 47 years). The studied parameters were evaluated in Hb quintiles and multivariable linear regression models. The lowest Hb quintile of both sexes presented the narrowest central retinal vein equivalent (CRVE) and the healthiest cardiometabolic profile compared to the other Hb quintiles. In the regression models, CRVE associated positively with Hb levels in both sexes, (Bmales = 0.068 [0.001; 0.135], Bfemales = 0.087 [0.033; 0.140]), after being adjusted for key cardiometabolic and inflammatory parameters, smoking status, and fellow vessel caliber. No statistically significant associations of Hb levels with central retinal artery equivalent, OCT or VF parameters were detected. In conclusion, Hb levels were positively and specifically associated with CRVE, indicating that Hb levels are an independent factor affecting CRVE and the effect is in parallel with established risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuli Sakko
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Karpale
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Joona Tapio
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland
| | - Iina Leppänen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Oona Ahokas
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Ville Saarela
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - M Johanna Liinamaa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical Research Center Oulu and Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Oulu University Hospital, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Peppi Koivunen
- Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Oulu Center for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5400, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
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13
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Augustijnen H, Bätscher L, Cesanek M, Chkhartishvili T, Dincă V, Iankoshvili G, Ogawa K, Vila R, Klopfstein S, de Vos JM, Lucek K. A macroevolutionary role for chromosomal fusion and fission in Erebia butterflies. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadl0989. [PMID: 38630820 PMCID: PMC11023530 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adl0989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
The impact of large-scale chromosomal rearrangements, such as fusions and fissions, on speciation is a long-standing conundrum. We assessed whether bursts of change in chromosome numbers resulting from chromosomal fusion or fission are related to increased speciation rates in Erebia, one of the most species-rich and karyotypically variable butterfly groups. We established a genome-based phylogeny and used state-dependent birth-death models to infer trajectories of karyotype evolution. We demonstrated that rates of anagenetic chromosomal changes (i.e., along phylogenetic branches) exceed cladogenetic changes (i.e., at speciation events), but, when cladogenetic changes occur, they are mostly associated with chromosomal fissions rather than fusions. We found that the relative importance of fusion and fission differs among Erebia clades of different ages and that especially in younger, more karyotypically diverse clades, speciation is more frequently associated with cladogenetic chromosomal changes. Overall, our results imply that chromosomal fusions and fissions have contrasting macroevolutionary roles and that large-scale chromosomal rearrangements are associated with bursts of species diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Augustijnen
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Livio Bätscher
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Martin Cesanek
- Slovak Entomological Society, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Bratislava 1, Slovakia
| | | | - Vlad Dincă
- Ecology and Genetics Research Unit, University of Oulu, 90570 Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Kota Ogawa
- Faculty of Social and Cultural Studies, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Insect Sciences and Creative Entomology Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Roger Vila
- Institut de Biologia Evolutiva (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Seraina Klopfstein
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, University of Bern, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
- Life Sciences, Natural History Museum Basel, 4051 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jurriaan M. de Vos
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kay Lucek
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, 2000 Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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14
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Jumppanen M, Kinnunen SM, Zore M, Välimäki MJ, Talman V, Gennäs GBA, Ruskoaho HJ, Yli-Kauhaluoma J. Affinity chromatography reveals direct binding of the GATA4-NKX2-5 interaction inhibitor (3i-1000) with GATA4. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8938. [PMID: 38637629 PMCID: PMC11026519 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Heart failure is a serious medical condition with a poor prognosis. Current treatments can only help manage the symptoms and slow the progression of heart failure. However, there is currently no cure to prevent and reverse cardiac remodeling. Transcription factors are in a central role in various cellular processes, and in the heart, GATA4 and NKX2-5 transcription factors mediate hypertrophic responses and remodeling. We have identified compounds that modulate the synergistic interaction of GATA4 and NKX2-5 and shown that the most promising compound (1, 3i-1000) is cardioprotective in vitro and in vivo. However, direct evidence of its binding site and mechanism of action has not been available. Due to the disordered nature of transcription factors, classical target engagement approaches cannot be utilized. Here, we synthesized a small-molecule ligand-binding pulldown probe of compound 1 to utilize affinity chromatography alongside CETSA, AlphaScreen, and molecular modeling to study ligand binding. These results provide the first evidence of direct physical binding of compound 1 selectively to GATA4. While developing drugs that target transcription factors presents challenges, advances in technologies and knowledge of intrinsically disordered proteins enable the identification of small molecules that can selectively target transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Jumppanen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sini M Kinnunen
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Matej Zore
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika J Välimäki
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Virpi Talman
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Gustav Boije Af Gennäs
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki J Ruskoaho
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Viikinkaari 5 E, (P.O. Box 56), FI-00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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15
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Lahtela H, Flykt M, Nolvi S, Kataja EL, Eskola E, Tervahartiala K, Pelto J, Carter AS, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Korja R. Mother-Infant Interaction and Maternal Postnatal Psychological Distress Associate with Child's Social-Emotional Development During Early Childhood: A FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01694-2. [PMID: 38625659 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01694-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
We studied the effects of mother-infant interaction and maternal pre- and postnatal psychological distress on children's social-emotional problems and competences, as well as whether interaction quality moderates the association between distress and children's outcomes. Maternal pre- and postnatal psychological distress were measured using the SCL and EPDS questionnaires, whereas mother-infant interaction was measured when the child was 8 months old using the EA Scales. Children's social-emotional development was measured using the BITSEA questionnaire at 2 years old and using the SDQ questionnaire at 4 years old, where higher maternal structuring was associated with fewer social-emotional problems in children and higher maternal sensitivity was associated with greater social-emotional competence in children at 2 years old. Further, higher postnatal distress was found associated with greater social-emotional problems at 2 years old, though neither these effects nor moderating effects at 4 years old were observed after multiple-comparison corrections. Our findings support direct associations of both mother-infant interaction and maternal postnatal psychological distress with children's social-emotional development during toddlerhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hetti Lahtela
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Marjo Flykt
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Social Sciences (Psychology), Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Eeva-Leena Kataja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva Eskola
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
- Expert Services, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Tervahartiala
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
| | - Juho Pelto
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alice S Carter
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Riikka Korja
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyväskylä, Jyvaskyla, Finland
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16
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Alireza Z, Maleeha M, Kaikkonen M, Fortino V. Enhancing prediction accuracy of coronary artery disease through machine learning-driven genomic variant selection. J Transl Med 2024; 22:356. [PMID: 38627847 PMCID: PMC11020205 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05090-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Machine learning (ML) methods are increasingly becoming crucial in genome-wide association studies for identifying key genetic variants or SNPs that statistical methods might overlook. Statistical methods predominantly identify SNPs with notable effect sizes by conducting association tests on individual genetic variants, one at a time, to determine their relationship with the target phenotype. These genetic variants are then used to create polygenic risk scores (PRSs), estimating an individual's genetic risk for complex diseases like cancer or cardiovascular disorders. Unlike traditional methods, ML algorithms can identify groups of low-risk genetic variants that improve prediction accuracy when combined in a mathematical model. However, the application of ML strategies requires addressing the feature selection challenge to prevent overfitting. Moreover, ensuring the ML model depends on a concise set of genomic variants enhances its clinical applicability, where testing is feasible for only a limited number of SNPs. In this study, we introduce a robust pipeline that applies ML algorithms in combination with feature selection (ML-FS algorithms), aimed at identifying the most significant genomic variants associated with the coronary artery disease (CAD) phenotype. The proposed computational approach was tested on individuals from the UK Biobank, differentiating between CAD and non-CAD individuals within this extensive cohort, and benchmarked against standard PRS-based methodologies like LDpred2 and Lassosum. Our strategy incorporates cross-validation to ensure a more robust evaluation of genomic variant-based prediction models. This method is commonly applied in machine learning strategies but has often been neglected in previous studies assessing the predictive performance of polygenic risk scores. Our results demonstrate that the ML-FS algorithm can identify panels with as few as 50 genetic markers that can achieve approximately 80% accuracy when used in combination with known risk factors. The modest increase in accuracy over PRS performances is noteworthy, especially considering that PRS models incorporate a substantially larger number of genetic variants. This extensive variant selection can pose practical challenges in clinical settings. Additionally, the proposed approach revealed novel CAD-genetic variant associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Alireza
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Maleeha
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - M Kaikkonen
- A.I.Virtanen Institute, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland
| | - V Fortino
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210, Kuopio, Finland.
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17
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Katwal P, Jaiswal S, Jiang D, Pyrhönen L, Tuomisto J, Rantalainen T, Schwab AL, Mikkola A. Estimating the mechanical cost of transport in human walking with a simple kinematic data-driven mechanical model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0301706. [PMID: 38626121 PMCID: PMC11020958 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0301706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
This work utilizes a simplified, streamlined approach to study the mechanical cost of transport in human walking. Utilizing the kinematic motion data of the center of mass, velocities and accelerations are determined using kinematic analysis; the applied force is then obtained using inverse dynamics. We calculate the mechanical cost of transport per step from both synthetic and measured data, using a very simple mechanical model of walking. The approach studied can serve as an informative gait characteristic to monitor rehabilitation in human walking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parvat Katwal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Suraj Jaiswal
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Dezhi Jiang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Lauri Pyrhönen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Jenni Tuomisto
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Timo Rantalainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Arend L. Schwab
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Aki Mikkola
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, LUT University, Lappeenranta, Finland
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18
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Suske T, Sorger H, Manhart G, Ruge F, Prutsch N, Zimmerman MW, Eder T, Abdallah DI, Maurer B, Wagner C, Schönefeldt S, Spirk K, Pichler A, Pemovska T, Schweicker C, Pölöske D, Hubanic E, Jungherz D, Müller TA, Aung MMK, Orlova A, Pham HTT, Zimmel K, Krausgruber T, Bock C, Müller M, Dahlhoff M, Boersma A, Rülicke T, Fleck R, de Araujo ED, Gunning PT, Aittokallio T, Mustjoki S, Sanda T, Hartmann S, Grebien F, Hoermann G, Haferlach T, Staber PB, Neubauer HA, Look AT, Herling M, Moriggl R. Hyperactive STAT5 hijacks T cell receptor signaling and drives immature T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e168536. [PMID: 38618957 PMCID: PMC11014662 DOI: 10.1172/jci168536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Abstract
T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive immature T cell cancer. Mutations in IL7R have been analyzed genetically, but downstream effector functions such as STAT5A and STAT5B hyperactivation are poorly understood. Here, we studied the most frequent and clinically challenging STAT5BN642H driver in T cell development and immature T cell cancer onset and compared it with STAT5A hyperactive variants in transgenic mice. Enhanced STAT5 activity caused disrupted T cell development and promoted an early T cell progenitor-ALL phenotype, with upregulation of genes involved in T cell receptor (TCR) signaling, even in absence of surface TCR. Importantly, TCR pathway genes were overexpressed in human T-ALL and mature T cell cancers and activation of TCR pathway kinases was STAT5 dependent. We confirmed STAT5 binding to these genes using ChIP-Seq analysis in human T-ALL cells, which were sensitive to pharmacologic inhibition by dual STAT3/5 degraders or ZAP70 tyrosine kinase blockers in vitro and in vivo. We provide genetic and biochemical proof that STAT5A and STAT5B hyperactivation can initiate T-ALL through TCR pathway hijacking and suggest similar mechanisms for other T cell cancers. Thus, STAT5 or TCR component blockade are targeted therapy options, particularly in patients with chemoresistant clones carrying STAT5BN642H.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gabriele Manhart
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Frank Ruge
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and
| | - Nicole Prutsch
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mark W. Zimmerman
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas Eder
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diaaeldin I. Abdallah
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Alexander Pichler
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tea Pemovska
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Carmen Schweicker
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Dennis Jungherz
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tony Andreas Müller
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Anna Orlova
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and
| | | | | | - Thomas Krausgruber
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Artificial Intelligence, Center for Medical Data Science, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Maik Dahlhoff
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Auke Boersma
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Rülicke
- Institute of in vivo and in vitro Models, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Elvin Dominic de Araujo
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Patrick Thomas Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Janpix, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tero Aittokallio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Helsinki Institute of Life Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Oslo Centre for Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program and Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore and Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sylvia Hartmann
- Dr. Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Florian Grebien
- Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- St. Anna Children’s Cancer Research Institute, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Philipp Bernhard Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Alfred Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marco Herling
- Department I of Internal Medicine, Center for Integrated Oncology, Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Duesseldorf, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Hematology, Cellular Therapy and Hemostaseology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics and
- Department of Biosciences and Medical Biology, Paris Lodron University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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19
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Vainio L, Myllylä IL, Vainio M. Sound symbolism in manual and vocal responses: phoneme-response interactions associated with grasping as well as vertical and size dimensions of keypresses. Cogn Process 2024:10.1007/s10339-024-01188-y. [PMID: 38607468 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-024-01188-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
It has been shown that reading the vowel [i] and consonant [t] facilitates precision grip responses, while [ɑ] and [k] are associated with faster power grip responses. A similar effect has been observed when participants perform responses with small or large response keys. The present study investigated whether the vowels and consonants could produce different effects with the grip responses and keypresses when the speech units are read aloud (Experiment 1) or silently (Experiment 2). As a second objective, the study investigated whether the recently observed effect, in which the upper position of a visual stimulus is associated with faster vocalizations of the high vowel and the lower position is associated with the low vowel, can be observed in manual responses linking, for example, the [i] with responses of the upper key and [ɑ] with lower responses. Firstly, the study showed that when the consonants are overtly articulated, the interaction effect can be observed only with the grip responses, while the vowel production was shown to systematically influence small/large keypresses, as well as precision/power grip responses. Secondly, the vowel [i] and consonant [t] were associated with the upper responses, while [ɑ] and [k] were associated with the lower responses, particularly in the overt articulation task. The paper delves into the potential sound-symbolic implications of these phonetic elements, suggesting that their acoustic and articulatory characteristics might implicitly align them with specific response magnitudes, vertical positions, and grip types.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vainio
- Perception, Action and Cognition Research Group, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 3, Helsinki, Finland.
- Phonetics and Speech Synthesis Research Group, Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 38, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - I L Myllylä
- Phonetics and Speech Synthesis Research Group, Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 38, Helsinki, Finland
| | - M Vainio
- Phonetics and Speech Synthesis Research Group, Department of Digital Humanities, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 38, Helsinki, Finland
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20
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Fragkoulis G, Hangas A, Fekete Z, Michell C, Moraes C, Willcox S, Griffith JD, Goffart S, Pohjoismäki JO. Linear DNA-driven recombination in mammalian mitochondria. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:3088-3105. [PMID: 38300793 PMCID: PMC11014290 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkae040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) recombination in animals has remained enigmatic due to its uniparental inheritance and subsequent homoplasmic state, which excludes the biological need for genetic recombination, as well as limits tools to study it. However, molecular recombination is an important genome maintenance mechanism for all organisms, most notably being required for double-strand break repair. To demonstrate the existence of mtDNA recombination, we took advantage of a cell model with two different types of mitochondrial genomes and impaired its ability to degrade broken mtDNA. The resulting excess of linear DNA fragments caused increased formation of cruciform mtDNA, appearance of heterodimeric mtDNA complexes and recombinant mtDNA genomes, detectable by Southern blot and by long range PacBio® HiFi sequencing approach. Besides utilizing different electrophoretic methods, we also directly observed molecular complexes between different mtDNA haplotypes and recombination intermediates using transmission electron microscopy. We propose that the known copy-choice recombination by mitochondrial replisome could be sufficient for the needs of the small genome, thus removing the requirement for a specialized mitochondrial recombinase. The error-proneness of this system is likely to contribute to the formation of pathological mtDNA rearrangements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Fragkoulis
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Anu Hangas
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Zsófia Fekete
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Animal Biotechnology and Animal Science, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Gödöllő, Hungary
| | - Craig Michell
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Carlos T Moraes
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami,FL, USA
| | - Smaranda Willcox
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Jack D Griffith
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA
| | - Steffi Goffart
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
| | - Jaakko L O Pohjoismäki
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 111, 80101 Joensuu, Finland
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21
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Mononen J, Taipale M, Malinen M, Velidendla B, Niskanen E, Levonen AL, Ruotsalainen AK, Heikkinen S. Genetic variation is a key determinant of chromatin accessibility and drives differences in the regulatory landscape of C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ mice. Nucleic Acids Res 2024; 52:2904-2923. [PMID: 38153160 PMCID: PMC11014276 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Most common genetic variants associated with disease are located in non-coding regions of the genome. One mechanism by which they function is through altering transcription factor (TF) binding. In this study, we explore how genetic variation is connected to differences in the regulatory landscape of livers from C57BL/6J and 129S1/SvImJ mice fed either chow or a high-fat diet. To identify sites where regulatory variation affects TF binding and nearby gene expression, we employed an integrative analysis of H3K27ac ChIP-seq (active enhancers), ATAC-seq (chromatin accessibility) and RNA-seq (gene expression). We show that, across all these assays, the genetically driven (i.e. strain-specific) differences in the regulatory landscape are more pronounced than those modified by diet. Most notably, our analysis revealed that differentially accessible regions (DARs, N = 29635, FDR < 0.01 and fold change > 50%) are almost always strain-specific and enriched with genetic variation. Moreover, proximal DARs are highly correlated with differentially expressed genes. We also show that TF binding is affected by genetic variation, which we validate experimentally using ChIP-seq for TCF7L2 and CTCF. This study provides detailed insights into how non-coding genetic variation alters the gene regulatory landscape, and demonstrates how this can be used to study the regulatory variation influencing TF binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juho Mononen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Mari Taipale
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Marjo Malinen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Forestry, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu FI- 80101, Finland
- Department of Forestry and Environmental Engineering, South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Kouvola FI-45100, Finland
| | - Bharadwaja Velidendla
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Einari Niskanen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Anna-Liisa Levonen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Anna-Kaisa Ruotsalainen
- A.I. Virtanen Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
| | - Sami Heikkinen
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio FI-70211, Finland
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22
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Kariniemi K, Vääräsmäki M, Männistö T, Mustaniemi S, Kajantie E, Eteläinen S, Keikkala E. Neonatal outcomes according to different glucose threshold values in gestational diabetes: a register-based study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:271. [PMID: 38609891 PMCID: PMC11010296 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mild hyperglycaemia is associated with increased birth weight but association with other neonatal outcomes is controversial. We aimed to study neonatal outcomes in untreated mild hyperglycaemia using different oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) thresholds. METHODS This register-based study included all (n = 4,939) singleton pregnant women participating a 75 g 2-h OGTT in six delivery hospitals in Finland in 2009. Finnish diagnostic cut-offs for GDM were fasting ≥ 5.3, 1 h ≥ 10.0 or 2-h glucose ≥ 8.6 mmol/L. Women who did not meet these criteria but met the International Association of the Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups (IADPSG) criteria (fasting 5.1-5.2 mmol/L and/or 2-h glucose 8.5 mmol/L, n = 509) or the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) criteria (2-h glucose 7.8-8.5 mmol/L, n = 166) were considered as mild untreated hyperglycaemia. Women who met both the Finnish criteria and the IADPSG or the NICE criteria were considered as treated GDM groups (n = 1292 and n = 612, respectively). Controls were normoglycaemic according to all criteria (fasting glucose < 5.1 mmol/L, 1-h glucose < 10.0 mmol/L and 2-h glucose < 8.5 mmol/L, n = 3031). Untreated mild hyperglycemia groups were compared to controls and treated GDM groups. The primary outcome - a composite of adverse neonatal outcomes, including neonatal hypoglycaemia, hyperbilirubinaemia, birth trauma or perinatal mortality - was analysed using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS The risk for the adverse neonatal outcome in untreated mild hyperglycemia was not increased compared to controls (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 1.01, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.71-1.44, using the IADPSG criteria; aOR: 1.05, 95% CI: 0.60-1.85, using the NICE criteria). The risk was lower compared to the treated IADPSG (aOR 0.38, 95% CI 0.27-0.53) or the treated NICE group (aOR 0.32, 95% CI 0.18-0.57). DISCUSSION The risk of adverse neonatal outcomes was not increased in mild untreated hyperglycaemia compared to normoglycaemic controls and was lower than in the treated GDM groups. The OGTT cut-offs of 5.3 mmol/L at fasting and 8.6 mmol/L at 2 h seem to sufficiently identify clinically relevant GDM, without excluding neonates with a risk of adverse outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Kariniemi
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Marja Vääräsmäki
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuija Männistö
- NordLab, Oulu, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Research Unit of Translational Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sanna Mustaniemi
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eero Kajantie
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Sanna Eteläinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elina Keikkala
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Kajaanintie 50, 90220, Oulu, Finland.
- Population Health Unit, Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
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23
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Romero-Castillo L, Li T, Do NN, Sareila O, Xu B, Hennings V, Xu Z, Svensson C, Oliveira-Coelho A, Sener Z, Urbonaviciute V, Ekwall O, Burkhardt H, Holmdahl R. Human MHC Class II and Invariant Chain Knock-in Mice Mimic Rheumatoid Arthritis with Allele Restriction in Immune Response and Arthritis Association. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2024:e2401513. [PMID: 38602454 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202401513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Transgenic mice expressing human major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) risk alleles are widely used in autoimmune disease research, but limitations arise due to non-physiologic expression. To address this, physiologically relevant mouse models are established via knock-in technology to explore the role of MHCII in diseases like rheumatoid arthritis. The gene sequences encoding the ectodomains are replaced with the human DRB1*04:01 and 04:02 alleles, DRA, and CD74 (invariant chain) in C57BL/6N mice. The collagen type II (Col2a1) gene is modified to mimic human COL2. Importantly, DRB1*04:01 knock-in mice display physiologic expression of human MHCII also on thymic epithelial cells, in contrast to DRB1*04:01 transgenic mice. Humanization of the invariant chain enhances MHCII expression on thymic epithelial cells, increases mature B cell numbers in spleen, and improves antigen presentation. To validate its functionality, the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model is used, where DRB1*04:01 expression led to a higher susceptibility to arthritis, as compared with mice expressing DRB1*04:02. In addition, the humanized T cell epitope on COL2 allows autoreactive T cell-mediated arthritis development. In conclusion, the humanized knock-in mouse faithfully expresses MHCII, confirming the DRB1*04:01 alleles role in rheumatoid arthritis and being also useful for studying MHCII-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Romero-Castillo
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Taotao Li
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Nhu-Nguyen Do
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Outi Sareila
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Medical Inflammation Research, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
| | - Bingze Xu
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Viktoria Hennings
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences and Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - Zhongwei Xu
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Carolin Svensson
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Ana Oliveira-Coelho
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Zeynep Sener
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Vilma Urbonaviciute
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
| | - Olov Ekwall
- Department of Pediatrics, Institute of Clinical Sciences and Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, The Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, 41345, Sweden
| | - Harald Burkhardt
- Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-Mediated Diseases CIMD, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Division of Rheumatology, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe University, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rikard Holmdahl
- Medical Inflammation Research, Division of Immunology, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, 17177, Sweden
- Medical Inflammation Research, MediCity Research Laboratory, University of Turku, Turku, FI-20520, Finland
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24
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Heloterä H, Siintamo L, Kivinen N, Abrahamsson N, Aaltonen V, Kaarniranta K. Analysis of prognostic and predictive factors in neovascular age-related macular degeneration Kuopio cohort. Acta Ophthalmol 2024. [PMID: 38598664 DOI: 10.1111/aos.16681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the study was to explore factors affecting the progression of neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and identify predictive factors that can estimate the duration of intravitreal treatments. METHODS This retrospective real-world study included 421 nAMD patients treated at the Kuopio University Hospital during years 2007-2021. The collected data included background demographics, treatment history, visual acuity and retinal biomarker analysis. Impact of baseline factors on age at diagnosis, treatment duration, received treatment intensity and visual acuity gains were analysed. RESULTS Heavy smoking and high body mass index (BMI) were associated with an earlier onset, while the use of anticoagulation and anti-aggregation medication were associated with a later onset of nAMD. A low number of injections during the first year of treatment and the presence of intraretinal fluid (IRF) at baseline were associated with shorter treatment duration. Interestingly, when IRF only patients were compared to subretinal fluid (SRF) only patients, IRF patients showed higher occurrences of subretinal drusenoid deposits (43.5% vs. 15%, p = 0.04). In addition, when all patients with IRF were compared to SRF only patients, more hyperreflective foci (HRF) and complete RPE and outer retinal atrophy (cRORA; 20.7% vs. 5%, p = 0.02) were observed in patients with IRF. CONCLUSIONS Our results reveal that heavy smoking and high BMI are accelerating factors for earlier emergence of nAMD, while the presence of IRF results in a fast-progressing disease. More intriguingly, the link between IRF and appearance of subretinal drusenoid deposits, HRF, and increased retinal atrophy was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Heloterä
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Leea Siintamo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Niko Kivinen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Vesa Aaltonen
- Department of Ophthalmology, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kai Kaarniranta
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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25
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Tuppurainen H, Laurila N, Nätynki M, Eshraghi L, Tervasmäki A, Erichsen L, Sørensen CS, Pylkäs K, Winqvist R, Peltoketo H. PALB2-mutated human mammary cells display a broad spectrum of morphological and functional abnormalities induced by increased TGFβ signaling. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:173. [PMID: 38597967 PMCID: PMC11006627 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05183-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Heterozygous mutations in any of three major genes, BRCA1, BRCA2 and PALB2, are associated with high-risk hereditary breast cancer susceptibility frequently seen as familial disease clustering. PALB2 is a key interaction partner and regulator of several vital cellular activities of BRCA1 and BRCA2, and is thus required for DNA damage repair and alleviation of replicative and oxidative stress. Little is however known about how PALB2-deficiency affects cell function beyond that, especially in the three-dimensional setting, and also about its role during early steps of malignancy development. To answer these questions, we have generated biologically relevant MCF10A mammary epithelial cell lines with mutations that are comparable to certain clinically important PALB2 defects. We show in a non-cancerous background how both mono- and biallelically PALB2-mutated cells exhibit gross spontaneous DNA damage and mitotic aberrations. Furthermore, PALB2-deficiency disturbs three-dimensional spheroid morphology, increases the migrational capacity and invasiveness of the cells, and broadly alters their transcriptome profiles. TGFβ signaling and KRT14 expression are enhanced in PALB2-mutated cells and their inhibition and knock down, respectively, lead to partial restoration of cell functions. KRT14-positive cells are also more abundant with DNA damage than KRT14-negative cells. The obtained results indicate comprehensive cellular changes upon PALB2 mutations, even in the presence of half dosage of wild type PALB2 and demonstrate how PALB2 mutations may predispose their carriers to malignancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna Tuppurainen
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Niina Laurila
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Marjut Nätynki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Leila Eshraghi
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anna Tervasmäki
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Louisa Erichsen
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre (BRIC), University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Northern Finland Laboratory Centre, Oulu, Finland
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Hellevi Peltoketo
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu and Faculty of Medicine, Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.
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26
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Czamara D, Dieckmann L, Lahti-Pulkkinen M, Cruceanu C, Henrich W, Plagemann A, Räikkönen K, Braun T, Binder EB, Lahti J, Entringer S. Sex differences in DNA methylation across gestation: a large scale, cross-cohort, multi-tissue analysis. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:177. [PMID: 38600394 PMCID: PMC11006734 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05208-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
Biological sex is a key variable influencing many physiological systems. Disease prevalence as well as treatment success can be modified by sex. Differences emerge already early in life and include pregnancy complications and adverse birth outcomes. The placenta is a critical organ for fetal development and shows sex-based differences in the expression of hormones and cytokines. Epigenetic regulation, such as DNA methylation (DNAm), may underlie the previously reported placental sexual dimorphism. We associated placental DNAm with fetal sex in three cohorts. Individual cohort results were meta-analyzed with random-effects modelling. CpG-sites differentially methylated with sex were further investigated regarding pathway enrichment, overlap with methylation quantitative trait loci (meQTLs), and hits from phenome-wide association studies (PheWAS). We evaluated the consistency of findings across tissues (CVS, i.e. chorionic villus sampling from early placenta, and cord blood) as well as with gene expression. We identified 10,320 epigenome-wide significant sex-differentially methylated probes (DMPs) spread throughout the epigenome of the placenta at birth. Most DMPs presented with lower DNAm levels in females. DMPs mapped to genes upregulated in brain, were enriched for neurodevelopmental pathways and significantly overlapped with meQTLs and PheWAS hits. Effect sizes were moderately correlated between CVS and placenta at birth, but only weakly correlated between birth placenta and cord blood. Sex differential gene expression in birth placenta was less pronounced and implicated genetic regions only marginally overlapped with those associated with differential DNAm. Our study provides an integrative perspective on sex-differential DNAm in perinatal tissues underscoring the possible link between placenta and brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darina Czamara
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany.
| | - Linda Dieckmann
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Marius Lahti-Pulkkinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Cristiana Cruceanu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Wolfgang Henrich
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas Plagemann
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, HUS Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Thorsten Braun
- Department of Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Experimental Obstetrics, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth B Binder
- Department Genes and Environment, Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Jari Lahti
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sonja Entringer
- Institute of Medical Psychology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität Zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
- Department of Pediatrics, Health and Disease Research Program, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
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Metsomaa J, Song Y, Mutanen TP, Gordon PC, Ziemann U, Zrenner C, Hernandez-Pavon JC. Adapted Beamforming: A Robust and Flexible Approach for Removing Various Types of Artifacts from TMS-EEG Data. Brain Topogr 2024:10.1007/s10548-024-01044-4. [PMID: 38598019 DOI: 10.1007/s10548-024-01044-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Electroencephalogram (EEG) recorded as response to transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can be highly informative of cortical reactivity and connectivity. Reliable EEG interpretation requires artifact removal as the TMS-evoked EEG can contain high-amplitude artifacts. Several methods have been proposed to uncover clean neuronal EEG responses. In practice, determining which method to select for different types of artifacts is often difficult. Here, we used a unified data cleaning framework based on beamforming to improve the algorithm selection and adaptation to the recorded signals. Beamforming properties are well understood, so they can be used to yield customized methods for EEG cleaning based on prior knowledge of the artifacts and the data. The beamforming implementations also cover, but are not limited to, the popular TMS-EEG cleaning methods: independent component analysis (ICA), signal-space projection (SSP), signal-space-projection-source-informed-reconstruction method (SSP-SIR), the source-estimate-utilizing noise-discarding algorithm (SOUND), data-driven Wiener filter (DDWiener), and the multiple-source approach. In addition to these established methods, beamforming provides a flexible way to derive novel artifact suppression algorithms by considering the properties of the recorded data. With simulated and measured TMS-EEG data, we show how to adapt the beamforming-based cleaning to different data and artifact types, namely TMS-evoked muscle artifacts, ocular artifacts, TMS-related peripheral responses, and channel noise. Importantly, beamforming implementations are fast to execute: We demonstrate how the SOUND algorithm becomes orders of magnitudes faster via beamforming. Overall, the beamforming-based spatial filtering framework can greatly enhance the selection, adaptability, and speed of EEG artifact removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Metsomaa
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland.
- Hertie-Insitute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Yufei Song
- Hertie-Insitute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tuomas P Mutanen
- Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto University School of Science, P.O. Box 12200, FI-00076 AALTO, Espoo, Finland
| | - Pedro C Gordon
- Hertie-Insitute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ulf Ziemann
- Hertie-Insitute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Zrenner
- Department of Neurology and Stroke, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Rusanen P, Marttila E, Amatya SB, Hagström J, Uittamo J, Reunanen J, Rautemaa-Richardson R, Salo T. Expression of Toll-like receptors in oral squamous cell carcinoma. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300437. [PMID: 38593176 PMCID: PMC11003673 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Almost 380,000 new cases of oral cancer were reported worldwide in 2020. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) accounts for 90% of all types of oral cancers. Emerging studies have shown association of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the expression levels and tissue localization of TRL1 to TRL10 and NF-κB between OSCC and healthy oral mucosa, as well as effect of Candida colonization in TRL expression in OSCC. Full thickness biopsies and microbial samples from 30 newly diagnosed primary OSCC patients and 26 health controls were collected. The expression of TLR1 to TLR10 and NF-κB was analyzed by immunohistochemistry. Microbial samples were collected from oral mucosa to detect Candida. OSCC epithelium showed lower staining intensity of TRL1, TRL2 TRL5, and TRL8 as compared to healthy controls. Similarly, staining intensity of TRL3, TRL4, TRL7, and TRL8 were significantly decreased in basement membrane (BM) zone. Likewise, OSCC endothelium showed lower staining intensity of TLR4, TLR7 and TLR8. Expression of NF-κB was significantly stronger in normal healthy tissue compared to OSCC sample. Positive correlation was found between the expression of NF-κB, TRL9 and TRL10 in basal layer of the infiltrative zone OSCC samples (P = 0.04 and P = 0.002, respectively). Significant increase in TRL4 was seen in BM zone of sample colonized with Candida (P = 0.01). According to the limited number of samples, our data indicates downregulation of TLRs and NF-κB in OSCC, and upregulation of TLR4 expression with presence of Candida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Rusanen
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Emilia Marttila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sajeen Bahadur Amatya
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaana Hagström
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, Haartman institute, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Uittamo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit on Acetaldehyde and Cancer, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Justus Reunanen
- Biocenter Oulu & Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Riina Rautemaa-Richardson
- Division of Infection, Immunity and Respiratory Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre (BRC) at the Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Wythenshawe Hospital, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tuula Salo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Helsinki University Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- HUSLAB, Department of Pathology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Diagnostics and Oral Medicine, Institute of Dentistry, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Bhattacharya D, Theodoropoulos J, Nurmi K, Juutilainen T, Eklund KK, Koivuniemi R, Kelkka T, Mustjoki S, Lönnberg T. Single-cell characterisation of tissue homing CD4 + and CD8 + T cell clones in immune-mediated refractory arthritis. Mol Med 2024; 30:48. [PMID: 38594612 PMCID: PMC11005137 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00802-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune-mediated arthritis is a group of autoinflammatory diseases, where the patient's own immune system attacks and destroys synovial joints. Sustained remission is not always achieved with available immunosuppressive treatments, warranting more detailed studies of T cell responses that perpetuate synovial inflammation in treatment-refractory patients. METHODS In this study, we investigated CD4 + and CD8 + T lymphocytes from the synovial tissue and peripheral blood of patients with treatment-resistant immune-mediated arthritis using paired single-cell RNA and TCR-sequencing. To gain insights into the trafficking of clonal families, we compared the phenotypes of clones with the exact same TCRß amino acid sequence between the two tissues. RESULTS Our results show that both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells display a more activated and inflamed phenotype in the synovial tissue compared to peripheral blood both at the population level and within individual T cell families. Furthermore, we found that both cell subtypes exhibited clonal expansion in the synovial tissue. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the local environment in the synovium drives the proliferation of activated cytotoxic T cells, and both CD4 + and CD8 + T cells may contribute to tissue destruction and disease pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipabarna Bhattacharya
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jason Theodoropoulos
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Computer Science, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland
| | - Katariina Nurmi
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Kari K Eklund
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, Clinicum, Translational Immunology Program, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Riitta Koivuniemi
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiina Kelkka
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Satu Mustjoki
- Hematology Research Unit Helsinki, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki, Finland.
- Translational Immunology Research Program, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.
- iCAN Digital Precision Cancer Medicine Flagship, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Hematology, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Tapio Lönnberg
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.
- InFlames Flagship Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
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30
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Tikkanen V, Krüger J, Heikkinen AL, Hänninen T, Hublin C, Koivisto AM, Virkkala J, Saari TT, Remes AM, Paajanen TI. A Novel Computerized Flexible Attention Test in Detecting Executive Dysfunction of Patients with Early-Onset Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024:acae026. [PMID: 38581151 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acae026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The number of computer-based cognitive tests has increased in recent years, but there is a need for tests focusing on the assessment of executive function (EF), as it can be crucial for the identification of early-onset neurodegenerative disorders. This study aims to examine the ability of the Flexible Attention Test (FAT), a new computer-based test battery for detecting executive dysfunction of early-onset cognitive impairment and dementia patients. METHOD We analyzed the FAT subtask results in memory clinic patients with cognitive symptom onset at ≤65 years. The patients were divided into four groups: early onset dementia (EOD, n = 48), mild cognitive impairment due to neurological causes (MCI-n, n = 34), MCI due to other causes (MCI-o, n = 99), and subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n = 14). The test accuracy to distinguish EOD patients from other groups was examined, as well as correlations with pen-and-paper EF tests. We also reported the 12-months follow-up results. RESULTS The EOD and MCI-n patients performed significantly poorer (p ≤ .002) than those in the MCI-o and SCD groups in most of the FAT subtasks. The accuracies of the FAT subtasks to detect EOD from other causes were mainly moderate (0.34 ≤ area under the curve < 0.74). The FAT subtasks correlated logically with corresponding pen-and-paper EF tests (.15 ≤ r ≤ .75). No systematic learning effects were detected in the FAT performance at follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The FAT appears to be a promising method for the precise evaluation of EF and applicable distinguishing early-onset neurodegenerative disorders from patients with other causes of cognitive problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veera Tikkanen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Johanna Krüger
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna-Leena Heikkinen
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Work Ability and Working Careers Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tuomo Hänninen
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Christer Hublin
- Work Ability and Working Careers Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Koivisto
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Geriatrics, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jussi Virkkala
- Work Ability and Working Careers Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
- Clinical Neurophysiology and Clinical Neurosciences, HUS Diagnostic Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Toni T Saari
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Unit of Neurology, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne M Remes
- Research Unit of Clinical Medicine, Neurology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- MRC, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter, Neurology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Clinical Neurosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teemu I Paajanen
- Work Ability and Working Careers Unit, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
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31
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Fang YH, Liang C, Liljeström V, Lv ZP, Ikkala O, Zhang H. Toughening Hydrogels with Fibrillar Connected Double Networks. Adv Mater 2024:e2402282. [PMID: 38577824 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202402282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Biological tissues, such as tendons or cartilage, possess high strength and toughness with very low plastic deformations. In contrast, current strategies to prepare tough hydrogels commonly utilize energy dissipation mechanisms based on physical bonds that lead to irreversible large plastic deformations, thus limiting their load-bearing applications. This article reports a strategy to toughen hydrogels using fibrillar connected double networks (fc-DN), which consist of two distinct but chemically interconnected polymer networks, that is, a polyacrylamide network and an acrylated agarose fibril network. The fc-DN design allows efficient stress transfer between the two networks and high fibril alignment during deformation, both contributing to high strength and toughness, while the chemical crosslinking ensures low plastic deformations after undergoing high strains. The mechanical properties of the fc-DN network can be readily tuned to reach an ultimate tensile strength of 8 MPa and a toughness of above 55 MJ m-3, which is 3 and 3.5 times more than that of fibrillar double network hydrogels without chemical connections, respectively. The application potential of the fc-DN hydrogel is demonstrated as load-bearing damping material for a jointed robotic lander. The fc-DN design provides a new toughening mechanism for hydrogels that can be used for soft robotics or bioelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Huang Fang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Chen Liang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Ville Liljeström
- Nanomicroscopy Center, OtaNano, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Zhong-Peng Lv
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Olli Ikkala
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, 02150, Finland
| | - Hang Zhang
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 15100, Espoo, 02150, Finland
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32
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Huang W, Junninen H, Garmash O, Lehtipalo K, Stolzenburg D, Lampilahti JLP, Ezhova E, Schallhart S, Rantala P, Aliaga D, Ahonen L, Sulo J, Quéléver LLJ, Cai R, Alekseychik P, Mazon SB, Yao L, Blichner SM, Zha Q, Mammarella I, Kirkby J, Kerminen VM, Worsnop DR, Kulmala M, Bianchi F. Potential pre-industrial-like new particle formation induced by pure biogenic organic vapors in Finnish peatland. Sci Adv 2024; 10:eadm9191. [PMID: 38569045 PMCID: PMC10990286 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm9191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
Pure biogenic new particle formation (NPF) induced by highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs) could be an important mechanism for pre-industrial aerosol formation. However, it has not been unambiguously confirmed in the ambient due to the scarcity of truly pristine continental locations in the present-day atmosphere or the lack of chemical characterization of NPF precursors. Here, we report ambient observations of pure biogenic HOM-driven NPF over a peatland in southern Finland. Meteorological decoupling processes formed an "air pocket" (i.e., a very shallow surface layer) at night and favored NPF initiated entirely by biogenic HOM from this peatland, whose atmospheric environment closely resembles that of the pre-industrial era. Our study sheds light on pre-industrial aerosol formation, which represents the baseline for estimating the impact of present and future aerosol on climate, as well as on future NPF, the features of which may revert toward pre-industrial-like conditions due to air pollution mitigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Huang
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Heikki Junninen
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Tartu 50411, Estonia
| | - Olga Garmash
- Aerosol Physics Laboratory, Physics Unit, Tampere University, Tampere 33720, Finland
| | - Katrianne Lehtipalo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Atmospheric Composition Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00101, Finland
| | | | - Janne L. P. Lampilahti
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Ekaterina Ezhova
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Simon Schallhart
- Atmospheric Composition Unit, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki 00101, Finland
| | - Pekka Rantala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Diego Aliaga
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lauri Ahonen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Juha Sulo
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lauriane L. J. Quéléver
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Runlong Cai
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Pavel Alekseychik
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Bioeconomy and Environment, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Helsinki 00790, Finland
| | - Stephany B. Mazon
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Lei Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention (LAP3), Department of Environmental Science & Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Sara M. Blichner
- Department of Environmental Science, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
- Bolin Centre for Climate Research, Stockholm University, Stockholm 11418, Sweden
| | - Qiaozhi Zha
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Research, School of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Jasper Kirkby
- Institute for Atmospheric and Environmental Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main 60438, Germany
- CERN, the European Organization for Nuclear Research, CH-1211 Geneve 23, Switzerland
| | - Veli-Matti Kerminen
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Douglas R. Worsnop
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
- Aerodyne Research Inc., Billerica, MA 01821, USA
| | - Markku Kulmala
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
| | - Federico Bianchi
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research / Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, Helsinki 00014, Finland
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Lähde H, Karlsson H, Karlsson L, Perasto L, Varis V, Rinne K, Paavonen EJ, Polo-Kantola P. Sleep disturbances in late pregnancy: associations with induction of labor. Arch Gynecol Obstet 2024:10.1007/s00404-024-07492-4. [PMID: 38580856 DOI: 10.1007/s00404-024-07492-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sleep disturbances, which are common during pregnancy, may compromise labor. Nevertheless, little is known about associations between sleep disturbances and the likelihood of ending up induction of labor (IOL). Accordingly, we aimed to evaluate the connections between sleep disturbances during pregnancy and IOL. METHODS Altogether 1778 women from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study with gestation weeks over 37 + 6 were enrolled in the study. The women were divided into IOL (n = 331) and spontaneous onset of labor (SOL, n = 1447) groups. Sleep disturbances in late pregnancy were evaluated using the Basic Nordic Sleep Questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were conducted with adjustments for age, body mass index, parity, smoking, and depressive symptoms. RESULTS Sleep disturbances were frequent in both IOL and SOL groups. In the IOL group 43.0% and in the SOL group 39.0% had poor general sleep quality (P = 0.186). Nocturnal awakenings occurred most commonly, in 94.0% and 93.9%, respectively (P = 0.653). In the IOL group, more women (22.7%) were habitual snorers than in the SOL group (17.0%, P = 0.017), however, the difference lost the statistical significance in adjusted analysis (P = 0.848). Women in the IOL group were more likely to be short sleepers (< 7 h) compared to those in the SOL group (20.2% and 15.4%, respectively, P = 0.034) with no difference after adjustment (P = 0.133). The two groups showed no differences in sleep loss (P = 0.252). CONCLUSIONS Deterioration in sleep quality was noticeable in pregnant women, but it was unconnected with IOL. As the frequency of IOL is increasing, more research for related risk factors is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henna Lähde
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Savitehtaankatu 5, 20521, Turku, Finland.
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Laura Perasto
- FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Viliina Varis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Savitehtaankatu 5, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Kirsi Rinne
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Savitehtaankatu 5, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - E Juulia Paavonen
- The Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Child Psychiatry, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Päivi Polo-Kantola
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Savitehtaankatu 5, 20521, Turku, Finland
- Sleep Research Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Sjöros T, Norha J, Johansson R, Laine S, Garthwaite T, Vähä-Ypyä H, Löyttyniemi E, Kalliokoski KK, Sievänen H, Vasankari T, Knuuti J, Heinonen IHA. Tiredness after work associates with less leisure-time physical activity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7965. [PMID: 38575674 PMCID: PMC10994905 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-58775-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Physical activities and sedentary behaviors take place in different contexts. This study aimed to determine if the context, total score, and leisure-time MET-index assessed by the Baecke questionnaire associate with each other or with sedentary behavior and physical activity outcomes from a 4-week accelerometer measurement in physically inactive adults with overweight. The item "After working I am tired" correlated negatively with items related to leisure-time physical activity and sports participation. The total Baecke Score showed weak but significant correlations with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior, physical activity, daily steps, and mean activity intensity of the day (r = - 0.33, 0.41, 0.35, and 0.41, respectively). The associations strengthened when the Sport Index was omitted from the Score. The leisure-time MET-Index did not correlate with accelerometer-measured sedentary behavior or physical activity. Tiredness after working associated with less self-reported physical activity during leisure time. This suggests that better recovery from work-related stress could increase leisure-time physical activity, or increasing leisure-time physical activity could reduce tiredness after working. Moreover, among self-reportedly inactive adults with overweight, focusing the questionnaire on work and non-sport leisure time instead of total time might give more accurate estimates of sedentary behavior and physical activity when compared to accelerometry.The study is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03101228, 05/04/2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Sjöros
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Jooa Norha
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Riitta Johansson
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Laine
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Taru Garthwaite
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Henri Vähä-Ypyä
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eliisa Löyttyniemi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Kari K Kalliokoski
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Harri Sievänen
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tommi Vasankari
- The UKK Institute for Health Promotion Research, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Juhani Knuuti
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland
| | - Ilkka H A Heinonen
- Turku PET Centre, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, P.O. Box 52, 20521, Turku, Finland.
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Puistola P, Kethiri A, Nurminen A, Turkki J, Hopia K, Miettinen S, Mörö A, Skottman H. Cornea-Specific Human Adipose Stem Cell-Derived Extracellular Matrix for Corneal Stroma Tissue Engineering. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:15761-15772. [PMID: 38513048 PMCID: PMC10995904 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c17803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Utilizing tissue-specific extracellular matrices (ECMs) is vital for replicating the composition of native tissues and developing biologically relevant biomaterials. Human- or animal-derived donor tissues and organs are the current gold standard for the source of these ECMs. To overcome the several limitations related to these ECM sources, including the highly limited availability of donor tissues, cell-derived ECM offers an alternative approach for engineering tissue-specific biomaterials, such as bioinks for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. 3D bioprinting is a state-of-the-art biofabrication technology that addresses the global need for donor tissues and organs. In fact, there is a vast global demand for human donor corneas that are used for treating corneal blindness, often resulting from damage in the corneal stromal microstructure. Human adipose tissue is one of the most abundant tissues and easy to access, and adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) are a highly advantageous cell type for tissue engineering. Furthermore, hASCs have already been studied in clinical trials for treating corneal stromal pathologies. In this study, a corneal stroma-specific ECM was engineered without the need for donor corneas by differentiating hASCs toward corneal stromal keratocytes (hASC-CSKs). Furthermore, this ECM was utilized as a component for corneal stroma-specific bioink where hASC-CSKs were printed to produce corneal stroma structures. This cost-effective approach combined with a clinically relevant cell type provides valuable information on developing more sustainable tissue-specific solutions and advances the field of corneal tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Puistola
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Abhinav Kethiri
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Antti Nurminen
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Johannes Turkki
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Karoliina Hopia
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Susanna Miettinen
- Adult
Stem Cell Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
- Tays
Research Services, Wellbeing Services County of Pirkanmaa, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Anni Mörö
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
| | - Heli Skottman
- Eye
Regeneration Group, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere 33520, Finland
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Marionneau VK, Lahtinen AE, Nikkinen JT. Gambling among indebted individuals: an analysis of bank transaction data. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:342-346. [PMID: 37440708 PMCID: PMC10990542 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckad117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling is connected to important financial harms, including debt. Most existing research has investigated the relationship between gambling and debt using self-reported data. Only a few studies have used objective data. The current study focuses on the gambling of indebted individuals. It investigates the amounts and types of gambling consumed by indebted individuals, and the amounts of unsecured debt among heavy gamblers. METHODS We use past-year banking data of Finnish individuals (N = 23 231) collected between 2018 and 2021 among applicants to a debt consolidation service. The transactions consist of deposits to, and winnings paid by gambling operators, distinguished by type of gambling (sports betting, casino, lottery) as well as active loans divided into secured and unsecured loans. RESULTS Gambling is widespread among indebted individuals in Finland. In terms of gambling types, casino-type gambling is the most popular among indebted individuals. Gambling spending is highly concentrated. Nearly half (49.5%) of all gambling deposits are concentrated among the highest spending 5% of indebted individuals. Individuals with unsecured loans have higher median losses than those without unsecured loans. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that gambling and indebtedness are strongly linked. The connection is stronger for individuals with unsecured debt. This has implications for prevention and treatment. Easy access to unsecured credit is likely to worsen gambling harms. Debt counselling services routinely encounter gambling-related harms and need to be equipped to manage these issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virve K Marionneau
- University of Helsinki, Centre for Research on Addiction, Control, and Governance (CEACG), Finland
| | - Aino E Lahtinen
- University of Helsinki, Centre for Research on Addiction, Control, and Governance (CEACG), Finland
| | - Janne T Nikkinen
- University of Helsinki, Centre for Research on Addiction, Control, and Governance (CEACG), Finland
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Marionneau V, Kristiansen S, Wall H. Harmful types of gambling: changes and emerging trends in longitudinal helpline data. Eur J Public Health 2024; 34:335-341. [PMID: 38389465 PMCID: PMC10990548 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gambling products differ in terms of their harm potential. Products are also constantly developing and changing. However, little research has addressed changes and trends in the types of gambling that are associated with harms. The current study explores trends in the gambling product categories identified as harmful in longitudinal helpline data from three Nordic countries. METHODS We use data collected by national helplines in Denmark (StopSpillet), Finland (Peluuri) and Sweden (Stödlinjen) in their daily operations (N = 46 646). The data consist of information collected on gamblers and concerned significant others who have contacted these helplines between January 2019 and December 2022. We analyse which gambling products are mentioned as harmful by clients. The analysis uses linear regression with the interaction term (country) times time regressed over the outcome variable (proportion per month). RESULTS The results show that an increased share of contacts concern online gambling. Online casino products have become the most harmful category across contexts. The share of reported harms from online betting and new emerging online forms is also increasing. The share of land-based products as a reported source of harms has decreased across 2019-22. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that online gamlbing environments, and particularly online casino products, are associated with increasing harms to help-seekers. The harmfulness of different gambling products may not be stable, but change over time. Further harm prevention efforts are needed to address the online gambling field, including emerging formats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virve Marionneau
- Centre for Research on Addiction, Control, and Governance (CEACG), Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Søren Kristiansen
- Department of Sociology and Social Work, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Håkan Wall
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Health Care Services, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
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Rinne MK, Urvas L, Mandrika I, Fridmanis D, Riddy DM, Langmead CJ, Kukkonen JP, Xhaard H. Characterization of a putative orexin receptor in Ciona intestinalis sheds light on the evolution of the orexin/hypocretin system in chordates. Sci Rep 2024; 14:7690. [PMID: 38565870 PMCID: PMC10987541 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56508-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Tunicates are evolutionary model organisms bridging the gap between vertebrates and invertebrates. A genomic sequence in Ciona intestinalis (CiOX) shows high similarity to vertebrate orexin receptors and protostome allatotropin receptors (ATR). Here, molecular phylogeny suggested that CiOX is divergent from ATRs and human orexin receptors (hOX1/2). However, CiOX appears closer to hOX1/2 than to ATR both in terms of sequence percent identity and in its modelled binding cavity, as suggested by molecular modelling. CiOX was heterologously expressed in a recombinant HEK293 cell system. Human orexins weakly but concentration-dependently activated its Gq signalling (Ca2+ elevation), and the responses were inhibited by the non-selective orexin receptor antagonists TCS 1102 and almorexant, but only weakly by the OX1-selective antagonist SB-334867. Furthermore, the 5-/6-carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA)-labelled human orexin-A was able to bind to CiOX. Database mining was used to predict a potential endogenous C. intestinalis orexin peptide (Ci-orexin-A). Ci-orexin-A was able to displace TAMRA-orexin-A, but not to induce any calcium response at the CiOX. Consequently, we suggested that the orexin signalling system is conserved in Ciona intestinalis, although the relevant peptide-receptor interaction was not fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maiju K Rinne
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, POB 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, POB 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Lauri Urvas
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, POB 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Laboratoire d'Innovation Thérapeutique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
| | - Ilona Mandrika
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - Darren M Riddy
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christopher J Langmead
- Drug Discovery Biology, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jyrki P Kukkonen
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Helsinki, POB 66, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
- Department of Pharmacology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, POB 63, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Henri Xhaard
- Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, POB 56, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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Jeevannavar A, Narwani A, Matthews B, Spaak P, Brantschen J, Mächler E, Altermatt F, Tamminen M. Foundation species stabilize an alternative eutrophic state in nutrient-disturbed ponds via selection on microbial community. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1310374. [PMID: 38628870 PMCID: PMC11019512 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1310374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Eutrophication due to nutrient addition can result in major alterations in aquatic ecosystem productivity. Foundation species, individually and interactively, whether present as invasive species or as instruments of ecosystem management and restoration, can have unwanted effects like stabilizing turbid eutrophic states. In this study, we used whole-pond experimental manipulations to investigate the impacts of disturbance by nutrient additions in the presence and absence of two foundation species: Dreissena polymorpha (a freshwater mussel) and Myriophyllum spicatum (a macrophyte). We tracked how nutrient additions to ponds changed the prokaryotic and eukaryotic communities, using 16S, 18S, and COI amplicon sequencing. The nutrient disturbance and foundation species imposed strong selection on the prokaryotic communities, but not on the microbial eukaryotic communities. The prokaryotic communities changed increasingly over time as the nutrient disturbance intensified. Post-disturbance, the foundation species stabilized the prokaryotic communities as observed by the reduced rate of change in community composition. Our analysis suggests that prokaryotic community change contributed both directly and indirectly to major changes in ecosystem properties, including pH and dissolved oxygen. Our work shows that nutrient disturbance and foundation species strongly affect the prokaryotic community composition and stability, and that the presence of foundation species can, in some cases, promote the emergence and persistence of a turbid eutrophic ecosystem state.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anita Narwani
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Blake Matthews
- Department of Fish Ecology and Evolution, Eawag, Kastanienbaum, Switzerland
| | - Piet Spaak
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Jeanine Brantschen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Elvira Mächler
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Altermatt
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Eawag, Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Manu Tamminen
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Tukiainen H, Maliniemi T, Brilha J, Alahuhta J, Hjort J. A framework for quantifying geodiversity at the local scale: a case study from the Rokua UNESCO Global Geopark. Philos Trans A Math Phys Eng Sci 2024; 382:20230059. [PMID: 38342220 PMCID: PMC10859236 DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2023.0059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Geoconservation and related quantitative and qualitative geodiversity assessments are gaining increasing attention. However, methodologies for measuring geodiversity at local scale are currently rare. Here, we present a framework for assessing local-scale geodiversity of different landforms using field-based and digital elevation model (DEM-) derived data from the Rokua UNESCO Global Geopark in Finland. We observed the presence or absence of various geodiversity elements, such as geological or topographical elements in our study sites, and used these data to quantify alpha (α), gamma (γ) and beta (β) geodiversity of various landforms. In addition, we measured topographical heterogeneity in the field and from DEMs. The results showed distinct patterns in the geodiversity and topographical variation of the landforms. The differences between α, γ and β geodiversity of different landforms were particularly clear. According to the results, measures of topographical variability can be used to some extent as surrogates for geodiversity, but the choice of optimal variables is context and scale dependent. These results provide perspectives for further local-scale geodiversity assessments in different study areas and are applicable for a range of purposes, from scientific research to practical management and geoconservation. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Geodiversity for science and society'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Tukiainen
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Tuija Maliniemi
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - José Brilha
- Institute of Earth Sciences, Pole of the University of Minho, Campus de Gualtar, Braga, Portugal
| | - Janne Alahuhta
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Jan Hjort
- Geography Research Unit, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 3000, FI-90014 University of Oulu, Finland
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Mailhiot S, Mankinen O, Li J, Kharbanda Y, Telkki VV, Urbańczyk M. CAT on MOUSE: Control and automation of temperature for single-sided NMR instruments such as NMR-MOUSE. Magn Reson Chem 2024; 62:252-258. [PMID: 37344254 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Temperature-dependent experiments are a rapidly growing area of interest for low-field NMR. In this work, we present a new device for wide-range temperature control for single-sided NMR instruments. The presented device, called CAT, is simple to build, inexpensive, and easy to modify to accommodate different samples. We present the capabilities of the device using a freezing temperature study of acetic acid/water mixtures. Additionally, we present the stability of the device over long measurement times. We believe that by introducing such a device with an open-source design, we allow researchers to use it in a wide range of applications and to fully incorporate variable-temperature studies in the world of single-sided instruments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Otto Mankinen
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jing Li
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- NIMBE, CEA, CNRS, Université de Paris Saclay, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Yashu Kharbanda
- NMR Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratoire Navier (Ecole des Ponts ParisTech-Université Gustave Eiffel), Champs-sur-Marne, France
| | | | - Mateusz Urbańczyk
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Sridhar S, Kiema T, Schmitz W, Widersten M, Wierenga RK. Structural enzymology studies with the substrate 3S-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA: bifunctional MFE1 is a less efficient dehydrogenase than monofunctional HAD. FEBS Open Bio 2024; 14:655-674. [PMID: 38458818 PMCID: PMC10988713 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Multifunctional enzyme, type-1 (MFE1) catalyzes the second and third step of the β-oxidation cycle, being, respectively, the 2E-enoyl-CoA hydratase (ECH) reaction (N-terminal part, crotonase fold) and the NAD+-dependent, 3S-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HAD) reaction (C-terminal part, HAD fold). Structural enzymological properties of rat MFE1 (RnMFE1) as well as of two of its variants, namely the E123A variant (a glutamate of the ECH active site is mutated into alanine) and the BCDE variant (without domain A of the ECH part), were studied, using as substrate 3S-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA. Protein crystallographic binding studies show the hydrogen bond interactions of 3S-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA as well as of its 3-keto, oxidized form, acetoacetyl-CoA, with the catalytic glutamates in the ECH active site. Pre-steady state binding experiments with NAD+ and NADH show that the kon and koff rate constants of the HAD active site of monomeric RnMFE1 and the homologous human, dimeric 3S-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase (HsHAD) for NAD+ and NADH are very similar, being the same as those observed for the E123A and BCDE variants. However, steady state and pre-steady state kinetic data concerning the HAD-catalyzed dehydrogenation reaction of the substrate 3S-hydroxybutanoyl-CoA show that, respectively, the kcat and kchem rate constants for conversion into acetoacetyl-CoA by RnMFE1 (and its two variants) are about 10 fold lower as when catalyzed by HsHAD. The dynamical properties of dehydrogenases are known to be important for their catalytic efficiency, and it is discussed that the greater complexity of the RnMFE1 fold correlates with the observation that RnMFE1 is a slower dehydrogenase than HsHAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Sridhar
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OuluFinland
| | | | - Werner Schmitz
- Theodor Boveri Institute of Biosciences (Biocenter)University of WürzburgGermany
| | | | - Rik K. Wierenga
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular MedicineUniversity of OuluFinland
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Tunkkari M, Hirvonen R, Vasalampi K, Kiuru N. Bidirectional associations between maternal homework involvement, adolescents' academic motivation, and school well-being. J Fam Psychol 2024; 38:421-432. [PMID: 38059973 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
This study examined bidirectional associations between mothers' homework involvement (autonomy support and psychological control in homework situations), Finnish adolescents' academic motivation (intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, amotivation), and school well-being (school satisfaction, school-related stress) across the transitions to lower and upper secondary school. The sample consisted of Finnish adolescents (n = 841; 457 girls; age 12 at T1) and their mothers (n = 652; T1). The results showed that increased levels of maternal psychological control in Grade 7 predicted adolescents' decreased school satisfaction in Grade 9 but only indirectly via increased amotivation. In turn, adolescents' increased levels of school satisfaction decreased maternal psychological control via increased intrinsic motivation within Grade 9 and the first year of upper secondary education. Taken together, more knowledge and understanding should be provided to mothers to help them to support adolescents' motivation and school well-being in more optimal ways. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Riikka Hirvonen
- Philosophical Faculty, School of Applied Educational Science and Teacher Education, University of Eastern Finland
| | | | - Noona Kiuru
- Department of Psychology, University of Jyvaskyla
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Hämäläinen H, Tanskanen AO, Pettay J, Danielsbacka M. Step-Gap in Upward Support: The Role of Biological Relatedness and Childhood Co-residence Duration. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2024; 79:gbad179. [PMID: 38127143 PMCID: PMC10944143 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although prior research has detected a step-gap in intergenerational relationships in various aspects, there is a lack of studies examining adult children's support toward their biological parents and stepparents. We investigated (i) whether adult children provide more support to their biological parents than stepparents and (ii) whether the childhood co-residence duration is associated with the support given to stepparents. METHODS The data were drawn from the German Family Panel (pairfam). Upward support was indicated by using 3 different measures, namely, financial, practical, and emotional support provided by adult children to their biological parents and stepparents. A path analysis was conducted to detect the potential differences regarding upward support. RESULTS More support was channeled toward the biological parents than the stepparents. Moreover, the length of co-residence during childhood and adolescence was positively associated with the frequency of support provided toward the stepparents. Consequently, an increased childhood co-residence duration decreased the step-gap in upward support, although it did not fully eliminate it. DISCUSSION The findings showed that stepparents are in a more disadvantaged position than the biological parents regarding receiving support from their adult children. In the context of a high old-age dependency ratio, it is important to recognize that stepparents may not have the opportunity to receive adequate support from their families as compared to individuals with biological children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Hämäläinen
- INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Antti O Tanskanen
- Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jenni Pettay
- INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Social Research, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Mirkka Danielsbacka
- INVEST Research Flagship Centre, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Population Research Institute, Väestöliitto, Helsinki, Finland
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Syrjäläinen S, Männistö S, Könönen E, Pussinen P, Gürsoy M, Suominen AL, Jousilahti P, Gürsoy UK. Dietary inflammatory index in relation to salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis: A cross-sectional analysis. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:406-416. [PMID: 38158626 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
AIM To examine the associations of dietary inflammatory index (DII) with salivary cytokine concentrations and periodontitis after controlling for body mass index (BMI), socio-demographic factors and lifestyle. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subgroups from two Finnish surveys, DILGOM 2007 and Health 2000, were included (total n = 727). The DII scores were calculated based on a food frequency questionnaire. Periodontal status was assessed with a cumulative risk score in DILGOM 2007 and by pocket depth measurement in Health 2000. From saliva, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-1 receptor antagonist, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α concentrations were measured. RESULTS The DII scores did not differ between non-periodontitis and periodontitis participants in pairwise comparison. After adjusting for energy intake, periodontal status, BMI, age, education level, smoking habit and physical activity, DII was not associated with salivary cytokine concentrations. After adjusting for salivary cytokine levels and other confounding factors, DII was associated with periodontitis in the Health 2000 subgroup but not in the DILGOM 2007 subgroup. CONCLUSIONS The current data support the evidence that diet is not associated with salivary cytokine levels but may be associated with periodontitis. The association observed between diet and periodontitis is related to factors other than diet-dependent inflammatory tendency in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanna Syrjäläinen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Pirkko Pussinen
- Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Oral Health Care, Welfare Division, City of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Anna Liisa Suominen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Oral and Maxillofacial Teaching Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Pekka Jousilahti
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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46
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Koivunen K, Portegijs E, Karavirta L, Rantanen T. Comparing the associations between muscle strength, walking speed, and mortality in community-dwelling older adults of two birth cohorts born 28 years apart. GeroScience 2024; 46:1575-1588. [PMID: 37656329 PMCID: PMC10828148 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00925-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced age-specific mortality and increased muscle strength and walking speed of current older adults may have altered the relationships between these factors as more people may be above the reserve capacity threshold. We compared the cross-sectional associations between muscle strength and walking speed, and the associations of muscle strength and walking speed with five-year mortality between two population-based cohorts of 75- and 80-year-old people born 28 years apart. Maximal isometric grip and knee extension strength and walking speed were measured in 2017-2018 (n = 726). Mortality was ascertained from registers. The associations were compared with data of same-aged people studied in 1989-1990 with identical protocols (n = 500). The knee extension strength-walking speed relationship showed plateauing at higher strength levels among the later-born men, whereas the earlier-born men and women of both cohorts with lower strength levels were on the linear part of the curve. In the later-born women with lower five-year mortality rate (1.16 vs. 5.88 per 100 person-years), the association between grip strength and mortality was markedly different from the earlier cohort (HR 1.13 [95% CI 0.47-2.70] vs. 0.57 [0.37-0.86]). For knee extension strength and walking speed, the mortality hazards were similar between the cohorts, although statistically non-significant in the later-born women. In men, the later-born cohort showed similar associations as observed in the earlier-born cohort despite having lower mortality rate (2.93 vs. 6.44). Current older adults have more functional reserve that will likely help them to maintain walking ability for longer while also contributing to better survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa Koivunen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Erja Portegijs
- Center of Human Movement Sciences, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Laura Karavirta
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Taina Rantanen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences and Gerontology Research Center, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Houston AI, Rosenström TH. A critical review of risk-sensitive foraging. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2024; 99:478-495. [PMID: 37987237 DOI: 10.1111/brv.13031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Foraging is risk sensitive if choices depend on the variability of returns from the options as well as their mean return. Risk-sensitive foraging is important in behavioural ecology, psychology and neurophysiology. It has been explained both in terms of mechanisms and in terms of evolutionary advantage. We provide a critical review, evaluating both mechanistic and evolutionary accounts. Some derivations of risk sensitivity from mechanistic models based on psychophysics are not convincing because they depend on an inappropriate use of Jensen's inequality. Attempts have been made to link risk sensitivity to the ecology of a species, but again these are not convincing. The field of risk-sensitive foraging has provided a focus for theoretical and empirical work and has yielded important insights, but we lack a simple and empirically defendable general account of it in either mechanistic or evolutionary terms. However, empirical analysis of choice sequences under theoretically motivated experimental designs and environmental settings appears a promising avenue for mapping the scope and relative merits of existing theories. Simply put, the devil is in the sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alasdair I Houston
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Tom H Rosenström
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, PL 21 (Haartmaninkatu 3), 00014, Helsinki, Finland
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Långsjö J, Jordan S, Laurila S, Paaso M, Thesleff T, Huhtala H, Ronkainen A, Karlsson S, Koskinen E, Luoto T. Traumatic cervical spinal cord injury: Comparison of two different blood pressure targets on neurological recovery. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2024; 68:493-501. [PMID: 38228292 DOI: 10.1111/aas.14372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Controversy exists whether blood pressure augmentation therapy benefits patients suffering from spinal cord injury (SCI). This retrospective comparative study was designed to assess the impact of two different mean arterial pressure (MAP) targets (85-90 mmHg vs. 65-85 mmHg) on neurological recovery after traumatic cervical SCI. METHODS Fifty-one adult patients with traumatic cervical SCI were retrospectively divided into two groups according to their intensive care unit (ICU) MAP targets: 85-90 mmHg (higher MAP group, n = 32) and 65-85 mmHg (lower MAP group, n = 19). Invasive MAP measurements were stored as 2-min median values for 3-7 days. The severity of SCI (AIS grade and neurological level) was evaluated upon ICU stay and during rehabilitation. Neurological recovery was correlated with individual mean MAP values and with the proportion of MAP values ≥85 mmHg upon the first 3 days (3d-MAP%≥85 ). RESULTS The initial AIS grades were A 29.4%, B 17.6%, C 31.4%, and D 21.6%. AIS grade improved in 24 patients (47.1%). During ICU care, 82.0% and 36.8% of the measured MAP values reached ≥85 mmHg in the higher and the lower MAP groups, respectively (p < .001). The medians of individual mean MAP values were different between the groups (90.2 mmHg vs. 81.4 mmHg, p < .001). Similarly, 3d-MAP%≥85 was higher in the higher MAP group (85.6% vs. 50.0%, p < .001). However, neurological recovery was not different between the groups, nor did it correlate with individual mean MAP values or 3d-MAP%≥85 . CONCLUSION The currently recommended MAP target of 85-90 mmHg was not associated with improved outcomes compared to a lower target in patients with traumatic cervical SCI in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaakko Långsjö
- Department of Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sofia Jordan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Helsinki University Central Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Salla Laurila
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Markku Paaso
- Department of Anesthesiology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Tuomo Thesleff
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Heini Huhtala
- Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland
| | - Antti Ronkainen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Sari Karlsson
- Department of Intensive Care, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Eerika Koskinen
- Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - Teemu Luoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
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Martínez-Molina N, Escrichs A, Sanz-Perl Y, Sihvonen AJ, Särkämö T, Kringelbach ML, Deco G. The evolution of whole-brain turbulent dynamics during recovery from traumatic brain injury. Netw Neurosci 2024; 8:158-177. [PMID: 38562284 PMCID: PMC10898780 DOI: 10.1162/netn_a_00346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
It has been previously shown that traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with reductions in metastability in large-scale networks in resting-state fMRI (rsfMRI). However, little is known about how TBI affects the local level of synchronization and how this evolves during the recovery trajectory. Here, we applied a novel turbulent dynamics framework to investigate whole-brain dynamics using an rsfMRI dataset from a cohort of moderate to severe TBI patients and healthy controls (HCs). We first examined how several measures related to turbulent dynamics differ between HCs and TBI patients at 3, 6, and 12 months post-injury. We found a significant reduction in these empirical measures after TBI, with the largest change at 6 months post-injury. Next, we built a Hopf whole-brain model with coupled oscillators and conducted in silico perturbations to investigate the mechanistic principles underlying the reduced turbulent dynamics found in the empirical data. A simulated attack was used to account for the effect of focal lesions. This revealed a shift to lower coupling parameters in the TBI dataset and, critically, decreased susceptibility and information-encoding capability. These findings confirm the potential of the turbulent framework to characterize longitudinal changes in whole-brain dynamics and in the reactivity to external perturbations after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Martínez-Molina
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anira Escrichs
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Yonatan Sanz-Perl
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Aleksi J. Sihvonen
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Queensland Aphasia Research Centre and UQ Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Neurology, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Teppo Särkämö
- Cognitive Brain Research Unit, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Centre of Excellence in Music, Mind, Body and Brain, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Morten L. Kringelbach
- Centre for Eudaimonia and Human Flourishing, Linacre College, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Center for Music in the Brain, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Gustavo Deco
- Computational Neuroscience Group, Center for Brain and Cognition, Department of Information and Communication Technologies, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institució Catalana de la Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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50
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Pahari P, Korkalainen H, Karhu T, Arnardottir ES, Töyräs J, Leppänen T, Nikkonen S. Reaction time in psychomotor vigilance task is related to hypoxic load in males with sleep apnea. J Sleep Res 2024; 33:e13988. [PMID: 37448111 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen saturation (SpO2 )-based parameters are more strongly linked to impaired daytime vigilance than the conventional diagnostic metrics in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). However, whether the association between SpO2 -based parameters and impaired daytime vigilance is modulated by sex, remains unknown. Hence, we investigated the interplay between sex and detailed SpO2 -based metrics and their association with impaired vigilance in patients with OSA. The study population consisted of 855 (473 males, 382 females) patients with suspected OSA who underwent overnight polysomnography and psychomotor vigilance task (PVT). The population was grouped by sex and divided into quartiles (Q1-Q4) based on median reaction times (RTs) in the PVT. In addition to conventional diagnostic metrics, desaturation severity (DesSev), fall severity (FallSev), and recovery severity (RecovSev) were compared between the sexes and between the best (Q1) and worst (Q4) performing quartiles by using cumulative distribution functions (CDFs). Additionally, sex-specific covariate-adjusted linear regression models were used to investigate the connection between the parameters and RTs. The CDFs showed significantly higher hypoxic load in Q4 in males compared to females. In addition, the DesSev (β = 8.05, p < 0.01), FallSev (β = 6.48, p = 0.02), RecovSev (β = 9.13, p < 0.01), and Oxygen Desaturation Index (β = 12.29, p < 0.01) were associated with increased RTs only in males. Conversely, the Arousal Index (β = 10.75-11.04, p < 0.01) was associated with impaired vigilance in females. The severity of intermittent hypoxaemia was strongly associated with longer RTs in males whereas the Arousal Index had the strongest association in females. Thus, the impact of hypoxic load on impaired vigilance seems to be stronger in males than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purbanka Pahari
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Henri Korkalainen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Tuomas Karhu
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Erna Sif Arnardottir
- Reykjavik University Sleep Institute, School of Technology, Reykjavik University, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Landspitali, The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Juha Töyräs
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo Leppänen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Sami Nikkonen
- Department of Technical Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Diagnostic Imaging Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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