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Schoenhof R, Schoenhof R, Blumenstock G, Lethaus B, Hoefert S. Synthetic, non-person related panoramic radiographs created by Generative Adversarial Networks in research, clinical, and teaching applications. J Dent 2024:105042. [PMID: 38710314 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) can produce synthetic images free from personal data. They hold significant value in medical research, where data protection is increasingly regulated. Panoramic radiographs (PRs) are a well-suited modality due to their significant level of standardization while simultaneously displaying a high degree of personally identifiable data. METHODS We produced synthetic PRs (syPRs) out of real PRs (rePRs) using StyleGAN2-ADA by NVIDIA©. A survey was performed on 54 medical professionals and 33 dentistry students. They assessed 45 radiological images (20 rePRs, 20 syPRs, and 5 syPRcontrols) as real or synthetic and interpreted a single-image syPR according to the image quality (0-10) and 14 different items (agreement/disagreement). They also rated the importance for the profession (0-10). A follow-up was performed for test-retest reliability with >10% of all participants. RESULTS Overall, the sensitivity was 78.2% and the specificity was 82.5%. For professionals, the sensitivity was 79.9% and the specificity was 82.3%. For students, the sensitivity was 75.5% and the specificity was 82.7%. In the single syPR-interpretation image quality was rated at a median of 6 and 11 items were considered as agreement. The importance for the profession was rated at a median score of 7. The Test-retest reliability yielded a value of 0.23 (Cohen's kappa). CONCLUSIONS The study marks a comprehensive testing to demonstrate that GANs can produce synthetic radiological images that even health professionals can sometimes not differentiate from real radiological images, thereby being genuinely considered authentic. This enables their utilization and/or modification free from personally identifiable information. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Synthetic images can be used for university teaching and patient education without relying on patient-related data. They can also be utilized to upscale existing training datasets to improve the accuracy of AI-based diagnostic systems. The study thereby supports clinical teaching as well as diagnostic and therapeutic decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rouven Schoenhof
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Dr. B. Lethaus), University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Raoul Schoenhof
- Fraunhofer Society for the Advancement of Applied Research, Hansastraße 27c, 80686 München
| | - Gunnar Blumenstock
- Institute for Clinical Epidemiology and Applied Biometry (Head: Prof. Dr. rer. nat. P. Martus), University Hospital Tuebingen, Silcherstrasse 5, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Bernd Lethaus
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Dr. B. Lethaus), University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sebastian Hoefert
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Head: Prof. Dr. Dr. B. Lethaus), University Hospital Tuebingen, Osianderstrasse 2-8, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
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Rytky SJO, Tiulpin A, Finnilä MAJ, Karhula SS, Sipola A, Kurttila V, Valkealahti M, Lehenkari P, Joukainen A, Kröger H, Korhonen RK, Saarakkala S, Niinimäki J. Clinical Super-Resolution Computed Tomography of Bone Microstructure: Application in Musculoskeletal and Dental Imaging. Ann Biomed Eng 2024; 52:1255-1269. [PMID: 38361137 PMCID: PMC10995025 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-024-03450-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clinical cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) devices are limited to imaging features of half a millimeter in size and cannot quantify the tissue microstructure. We demonstrate a robust deep-learning method for enhancing clinical CT images, only requiring a limited set of easy-to-acquire training data. METHODS Knee tissue from five cadavers and six total knee replacement patients, and 14 teeth from eight patients were scanned using laboratory CT as training data for the developed super-resolution (SR) technique. The method was benchmarked against ex vivo test set, 52 osteochondral samples are imaged with clinical and laboratory CT. A quality assurance phantom was imaged with clinical CT to quantify the technical image quality. To visually assess the clinical image quality, musculoskeletal and maxillofacial CBCT studies were enhanced with SR and contrasted to interpolated images. A dental radiologist and surgeon reviewed the maxillofacial images. RESULTS The SR models predicted the bone morphological parameters on the ex vivo test set more accurately than conventional image processing. The phantom analysis confirmed higher spatial resolution on the SR images than interpolation, but image grayscales were modified. Musculoskeletal and maxillofacial CBCT images showed more details on SR than interpolation; however, artifacts were observed near the crown of the teeth. The readers assessed mediocre overall scores for both SR and interpolation. The source code and pretrained networks are publicly available. CONCLUSION Model training with laboratory modalities could push the resolution limit beyond state-of-the-art clinical musculoskeletal and dental CBCT. A larger maxillofacial training dataset is recommended for dental applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santeri J O Rytky
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland.
| | - Aleksei Tiulpin
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Neurocenter Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko A J Finnilä
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Medical Research Center, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Sakari S Karhula
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Annina Sipola
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Väinö Kurttila
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Maarit Valkealahti
- Department of Surgery and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Lehenkari
- Department of Surgery and Intensive Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
- Cancer and Translational Medical Research Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Antti Joukainen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Kröger
- Department of Orthopaedics, Traumatology and Hand Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rami K Korhonen
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Simo Saarakkala
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jaakko Niinimäki
- Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, University of Oulu, POB 5000, 90014, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
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Bonfanti-Gris M, Herrera A, Paraíso-Medina S, Alonso-Calvo R, Martínez-Rus F, Pradíes G. Performance evaluation of three versions of a convolutional neural network for object detection and segmentation using a multiclass and reduced panoramic radiograph dataset. J Dent 2024; 144:104891. [PMID: 38367827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.104891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic performance of three versions of a deep-learning convolutional neural network in terms of object detection and segmentation using a multiclass panoramic radiograph dataset. METHODS A total of 600 orthopantomographies were randomly selected for this study and manually annotated by a single operator using an image annotation tool (COCO Annotator v.11.0.1) to establish ground truth. The annotation classes included teeth, maxilla, mandible, inferior alveolar nerve, dento- and implant-supported crowns/pontics, endodontic treatment, resin-based restorations, metallic restorations, and implants. The dataset was then divided into training, validation, and testing subsets, which were used to train versions 5, 7, and 8 of You Only Look Once (YOLO) Neural Network. Results were stored, and a posterior performance analysis was carried out by calculating the precision (P), recall (R), F1 Score, Intersection over Union (IoU), and mean average precision (mAP) at 0.5 and 0.5-0.95 thresholds. The confusion matrix and recall precision graphs were also sketched. RESULTS YOLOv5s showed an improvement in object detection results with an average R = 0.634, P = 0.781, mAP0.5 = 0.631, and mAP0.5-0.95 = 0.392. YOLOv7m achieved the best object detection results with average R = 0.793, P = 0.779, mAP0.5 = 0.740, and mAP0.5-0.95 = 0,481. For object segmentation, YOLOv8m obtained the best average results (R = 0.589, P = 0.755, mAP0.5 = 0.591, and mAP0.5-0.95 = 0.272). CONCLUSIONS YOLOv7m was better suited for object detection, while YOLOv8m demonstrated superior performance in object segmentation. The most frequent error in object detection was related to background classification. Conversely, in object segmentation, there is a tendency to misclassify True Positives across different dental treatment categories. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE General diagnostic and treatment decisions based on panoramic radiographs can be enhanced using new artificial intelligence-based tools. Nevertheless, the reliability of these neural networks should be subjected to training and validation to ensure their generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bonfanti-Gris
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n - 28040 Madrid, España
| | - A Herrera
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n - 28040 Madrid, España
| | - S Paraíso-Medina
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems and Software Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid. Campus Montegancedo s/n - 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain
| | - R Alonso-Calvo
- Department of Computer Languages and Systems and Software Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid. Campus Montegancedo s/n - 28660 Boadilla del Monte, Madrid. Spain
| | - F Martínez-Rus
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n - 28040 Madrid, España.
| | - G Pradíes
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal s/n - 28040 Madrid, España
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Mitsea A, Seremidi K, Christoloukas N, Gizani S. Exposure and protection protocols of dentomaxillofacial imaging applied by paediatric dentists in Europe. Oral Radiol 2024; 40:188-198. [PMID: 38191969 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-023-00720-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluate exposure and protection practices regarding dentomaxillofacial imaging among pediatric dentists in Europe and determine the effect of different clinician specific characteristics on their implementation. METHODS A cross-sectional study involving an electronic questionnaire addressed to paediatric dentists, participating in a seminar on dental radiology organized by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Participants were asked to respond to questions regarding dentomaxillofacial imaging in terms of applied radiation dose, adoption of radiation protection techniques, and different patterns of radiographic studying and exchange between patients and colleagues. Data analysis was performed and distribution of responses was tested using chi-square and Fisher's exact tests. RESULTS A total of 151 paediatric dentists, 119 females and 32 males, with a mean chronological age of 42.8 years (s.e. 11.3 years), successfully completed the questionnaire (response rate = 82%). Regardless of the type of radiograph, majority of respondents (68%), reported that they perform the radiographs themselves, while 21% reported that they refer the patients. Half of the respondents (51%), indicated requesting a small (localized) field of view (FOV) when referring for a cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) with only a small proportion (11%) reporting a large (maxillofacial) FOV. Thyroid collars and optimizing exposure settings were the most commonly reported patient protection measures used. Lastly, paediatric dentists have adopted the latest technological capacities for the study of dental images. CONCLUSIONS Dentomaxillofacial imaging protection and exposure protocols used are common among paediatric dentists with none of their specific characteristics having a significant effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Mitsea
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Kyriaki Seremidi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Christoloukas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Sotiria Gizani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
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Cheng FC, Chen CH, Chiang CP. Survey of the operating models of dental radiology in general hospitals in Taiwan. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1285-1287. [PMID: 38618095 PMCID: PMC11010664 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chou Cheng
- Chia-Te Dental Clinic, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Science Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsueh Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Cheng FC, Hu YT, Chiang CP. Survey of the distribution of dental X-ray machines in Taiwan's hospitals. J Dent Sci 2024; 19:1270-1273. [PMID: 38618110 PMCID: PMC11010670 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2024.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chou Cheng
- Chia-Te Dental Clinic, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Life Science, College of Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Science Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Hu
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Cancer Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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Hegde S, Gao J, Vasa R, Nanayakkara S, Cox S. Australian Dentist's Knowledge and Perceptions of Factors Affecting Radiographic Interpretation. Int Dent J 2024:S0020-6539(23)00972-3. [PMID: 38184458 DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2023.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Errors of interpretation of radigraphic images, also known as interpretive errors, are a critical concern as they can have profound implications for clinical decision making. Different types of interpretive errors, including errors of omission and misdiagnosis, have been described in the literature. These errors can lead to unnecessary or harmful treat/or prolonged patient care. Understanding the nature and contributing factors of interpretive errors is important in developing solutions to minimise interpretive errors. By exploring the knowledge and perceptions of dental practitioners, this study aimed to shed light on the current understanding of interpretive errors in dentistry. METHODS An anonymised online questionnaire was sent to dental practitioners in New South Wales (NSW) between September 2020 and March 2022. A total of 80 valid responses were received and analysed. Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were used to analyse the data. RESULTS The study found that participants commonly reported interpretive errors as occurring 'occasionally', with errors of omission being the most frequently encountered type. Participants identified several factors that most likely contribute to interpretive errors, including reading a poor-quality image, lack of clinical experience and knowledge, and excessive workload. Additionally, general practitioners and specialists held different views regarding factors affecting interpretive errors. CONCLUSION The survey results indicate that dental practitioners are aware of the common factors associated with interpretive errors. Errors of omission were identified as the most common type of error to occur in clinical practice. The findings suggest that interpretive errors result from a mental overload caused by factors associated with image quality, clinician-related, and image interpretation. Managing and identifying solutions to mitigate these factors are crucial for ensuring accurate and timely radiographic diagnoses. The findings of this study can serve as a foundation for future research and the development of targeted interventions to enhance the accuracy of radiographic interpretations in dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shwetha Hegde
- Sydney Dental School, University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia.
| | - Jinlong Gao
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Rajesh Vasa
- Applied Artificial Intelligence, Deakin University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Shanika Nanayakkara
- Institute of Dental Research, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Cox
- Sydney Dental School, University of Sydney, Surry Hills, NSW, Australia
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Ismayılov R, Özgür B. Indications and use of cone beam computed tomography in children and young individuals in a university-based dental hospital. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:1033. [PMID: 38129827 PMCID: PMC10740269 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03784-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to evaluate the indications of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) in children and young individuals in a university-based dental hospital and their association with age, gender and field of view. METHODS 7131 CBCT scans, taken during 3-year period, were reviewed and a total of 649 pediatric patients (0-18 years) with complete request forms were included. Data related to gender, age, referring department, CBCT indications, field of view (FOV), region of interest (ROI), need for re-exposure and patients received more than one CBCT examination were recorded. RESULTS The mean age was 13.57 ± 3.52 years and "malocclusion and dentofacial anomaly" (28.7%) was the most common clinical indication. Facial trauma, dental trauma and supernumerary tooth in males; "malocclusion and dentofacial anomaly" and implant planning in females were recorded more frequently compared to other gender. Maxilla was the most frequently monitored ROI (35.1%) for patients. Small (≤ 10 cm) FOV was preferred in 58.1% of all patients. Large FOV was selected in the majority of patients who underwent CBCT scan for "malocclusion and dentofacial anomaly" (89.6%). The repeated scans constituted 2.3% of patients and 105 patients (16.2%) underwent multiple CBCT scans on different dates for mainly orthodontic follow-up. CONCLUSIONS The justification of CBCT scans was not fully compatible with current guidelines and mainly larger FOV was preferred. The number of CBCT examination in children and young individuals tends to increase. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rovshan Ismayılov
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Altındağ, Ankara, 06100, Turkey
| | - Beste Özgür
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hacettepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Altındağ, Ankara, 06100, Turkey.
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Schernig-Mráz M, Grauer AL, Morgenegg G. Dental health in Roman dogs: A pilot study using standardized examination methods. Int J Paleopathol 2023; 43:72-84. [PMID: 37839223 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpp.2023.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To utilize standardized clinical veterinary methods to analyze dental health in a series of Roman dog maxillae and mandibles and to compare results to modern clinical data. MATERIALS 28 skulls of juvenile and adult dogs from three archaeological sites in Switzerland and Germany dating to the Roman period. METHODS Standardized examination was carried out, which included metric radiographic assessment to diagnose oral pathology and estimate age at death. In one case, CT analysis was undertaken. RESULTS The estimated average age at death was between three and four years old. Tooth fracture, periodontal disease, the presence of non-vital teeth, and brachycephalic skull form were found in the sample. Tooth resorption was unexpectedly noted. CONCLUSION The study provides valuable insights into the dental health of dogs in the Roman era. Compared to modern dogs, Roman dogs examined in this study appear to have a shorter lifespan but display a high rate of pathological dental disease, while disease patterns were very similar to those of modern dogs. Dogs with pronounced brachycephalic features were found. SIGNIFICANCE This pilot study is the first to use standardized clinical examination and recording techniques to assess dental health in dogs from archaeological contexts. It provides insight into the dental health of Roman era dogs and offers data upon which cross-populational studies can be initiated. LIMITATIONS The sample size and geographic location of the archaeological sites were limited. SUGGESTIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH Subsequent standardized studies, preferably in as many different Roman Empire regions as possible, are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Schernig-Mráz
- Integrative Prehistory and Archaeological Science (IPAS), University of Basel, Spalenring 145, CH-4055 Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Anne L Grauer
- Department of Anthropology, Loyola University Chicago, 1032 W. Sheridan Road, Chicago, IL 60660, USA.
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Im JE, Gu JY, Bae JH, Lee JG. Comparative study of 360° virtual reality and traditional two-dimensional video in nonface-to-face dental radiology classes: focusing on learning satisfaction and self-efficacy. BMC Med Educ 2023; 23:855. [PMID: 37953275 PMCID: PMC10642063 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-023-04851-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acquiring adequate theoretical knowledge in the field of dental radiography (DR) is essential for establishing a good foundation at the prepractical stage. Currently, nonface-to-face DR education predominantly relies on two-dimensional (2D) videos, highlighting the need for developing educational resources that address the inherent limitations of this method. We developed a virtual reality (VR) learning medium using 360° video with a prefabricated head-mounted display (pHMD) for nonface-to-face DR learning and compared it with a 2D video medium. METHODS Forty-four participants were randomly assigned to a control group (n = 23; 2D video) and an experimental group (n = 21; 360° VR). DR was re-enacted by the operator and recorded using 360° video. A survey was performed to assess learning satisfaction and self-efficacy. The nonparametric statistical tests comparing the groups were conducted using SPSS statistical analysis software. RESULTS Learners in the experimental group could experience VR for DR by attaching their smartphones to the pHMD. The 360° VR video with pHMD provided a step-by-step guide for DR learning from the point of view of an operator as VR. Learning satisfaction and self-efficacy were statistically significantly higher in the experimental group than the control group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The 360° VR videos were associated with greater learning satisfaction and self-efficacy than conventional 2D videos. However, these findings do not necessarily substantiate the educational effects of this medium, but instead suggest that it may be considered a suitable alternative for DR education in a nonface-to-face environment. However, further examination of the extent of DR knowledge gained in a nonface-to-face setting is warranted. Future research should aim to develop simulation tools based on 3D objects and also explore additional uses of 360° VR videos as prepractical learning mediums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Eun Im
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Graduate School of Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ja-Young Gu
- Department of Dental Hygiene, Sahmyook Health University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hee Bae
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Health Care, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Gi Lee
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Health and Health Care, Namseoul University, Cheonan, Republic of Korea.
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Güneç HG, Ürkmez EŞ, Danaci A, Dilmaç E, Onay HH, Cesur Aydin K. Comparison of artificial intelligence vs. junior dentists' diagnostic performance based on caries and periapical infection detection on panoramic images. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2023; 13:7494-7503. [PMID: 37969638 PMCID: PMC10644137 DOI: 10.21037/qims-23-762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023]
Abstract
Background There is information missing in the literature about the comparison of dentists vs. artificial intelligence (AI) based on diagnostic capability. The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic performance based on radiological diagnoses regarding caries and periapical infection detection by comparing AI software with junior dentists who have 1 or 2 years of experience, based on the valid determinations by specialist dentists. Methods In the initial stage of the study, 2 specialist dentists evaluated the presence of caries and periapical lesions on 500 digital panoramic radiographs, and the detection time was recorded in seconds. In the second stage, 3 junior dentists and an AI software performed diagnoses on the same panoramic radiographs, and the diagnostic results and durations were recorded in seconds. Results The AI and the three junior dentists, respectively, detected dental caries at a sensitivity (SEN) of 0.907, 0.889, 0.491, 0.907; a specificity (SPEC) of 0.760, 0.740, 0.454, 0.696; a positive predictive value (PPV) of 0.693, 0.470, 0.155, 0.666; a negative predictive value (NPV) of 0.505, 0.415, 0.275, 0.367 and a F1-score of 0.786, 0.615, 0.236, 0.768. The AI and the three junior dentists respectively detected periapical lesions at an SEN of 0.973, 0.962, 0.758, 0.958; a SPEC of 0.629, 0.421, 0.404, 0.621; a PPV of 0.861, 0.651, 0.312, 0.648; a NPV of 0.689, 0.673, 0.278, 0.546 and an F1-score of 0.914, 0.777, 0.442, 0.773. The AI software gave more accurate results, especially in detecting periapical lesions. On the other hand, in caries detection, the underdiagnosis rate was high for both AI and junior dentists. Conclusions Regarding the evaluation time needed, AI performed faster, on average.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hüseyin Gürkan Güneç
- Department of Endodontics, Hamidiye Dental Faculty, University of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elif Şeyda Ürkmez
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aleyna Danaci
- Faculty of Dentistry, Beykent University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Eda Dilmaç
- Faculty of Dentistry, Beykent University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Kader Cesur Aydin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Cheng FC, Wei YF, Chen MH, Chiang CP. Overview of dental imaging equipment industry in Taiwan. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1906-1908. [PMID: 37799882 PMCID: PMC10548037 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chou Cheng
- Chia-Te Dental Clinic, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Science Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yuh-Fen Wei
- Department of Medical Imaging, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Hsinchu County, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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13
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Lin X, Xin W, Huang J, Jing Y, Liu P, Han J, Ji J. Accurate mandibular canal segmentation of dental CBCT using a two-stage 3D-UNet based segmentation framework. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:551. [PMID: 37563606 PMCID: PMC10416403 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03279-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to develop a deep learning (DL) model for fast and accurate mandibular canal (MC) segmentation on cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). METHODS A total of 220 CBCT scans from dentate subjects needing oral surgery were used in this study. The segmentation ground truth is annotated and reviewed by two senior dentists. All patients were randomly splitted into a training dataset (n = 132), a validation dataset (n = 44) and a test dataset (n = 44). We proposed a two-stage 3D-UNet based segmentation framework for automated MC segmentation on CBCT. The Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC) and 95% Hausdorff Distance (95% HD) were used as the evaluation metrics for the segmentation model. RESULTS The two-stage 3D-UNet model successfully segmented the MC on CBCT images. In the test dataset, the mean DSC was 0.875 ± 0.045 and the mean 95% HD was 0.442 ± 0.379. CONCLUSIONS This automatic DL method might aid in the detection of MC and assist dental practitioners to set up treatment plans for oral surgery evolved MC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Lin
- Clinic of Stomatology of the Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong China
| | - Weini Xin
- Clinic of Stomatology of the Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong China
- Department of Stomatology of Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangddong China
| | - Jingna Huang
- Clinic of Stomatology of the Shantou University Medical College, No. 22, Xinling Road, Shantou, Guangdong China
| | - Yang Jing
- Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Room A206, B2, Dongsheng Science and Technology Park, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Pengfei Liu
- Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Room A206, B2, Dongsheng Science and Technology Park, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jingdan Han
- Huiying Medical Technology Co., Ltd, Room A206, B2, Dongsheng Science and Technology Park, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Ji
- Network and Information Center, Shantou University, No. 243, University Road, Shantou, Guangdong China
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Gizani S, Seremidi K, Gkourtsogianni S, Mitsea A. Awareness and practice of dentomaxillofacial imaging among paediatric dentists: a questionnaire survey of members of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry. Oral Radiol 2023; 39:576-587. [PMID: 36867317 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-023-00675-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Assess knowledge, attitudes and practices of paediatric dentists towards dentomaxillofacial imaging and correlate findings with practitioner and practice-specific characteristics. METHODS An online questionnaire was sent to all paediatric dentists who attended a scientific seminar organized by the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) regarding dental radiology. Data regarding available equipment, number, type and reason for performing radiographs, frequency and reasoning for retakes were collected. Data analysis was performed according to practitioner- and practice-specific characteristics and factors directly associated with the type and frequency of radiographs taken, and reason and frequency of repeats were determined. Significant differences were tested using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS More than half of the participants (58%) reported having digital radiographic equipment and almost 1/4 (23%) conventional. A panoramic equipment was available in 39% working places and a CBCT scanner in 41%. Two thirds of the participants reported taking up to 10 intra-oral radiographs per week, mainly for trauma (75%) and caries diagnosis (47%). Extra-oral radiographs were prescribed to monitor development (75%) and for orthodontic evaluation, (63%) with a frequency of less than 5 weekly (45%). Participants reported that they repeat radiographs in a frequency of < 5 per week (70%) mainly due to patient's movement (55%). CONCLUSIONS The majority of paediatric dentists within Europe use digital imaging equipment for both intra- and extra-oral radiographs. Nevertheless, great variation in practices exists and, therefore, continuous education in oral imaging is crucial to maintain high quality standards for the radiographic examination of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiria Gizani
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece.
| | - Kyriaki Seremidi
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Sofia Gkourtsogianni
- Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anastasia Mitsea
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, School of Dentistry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 2 Thivon Str., Goudi, 11527, Athens, Greece
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15
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Cheng FC, Tang LH, Lee KJ, Lin YT, Yang FH, Chen MH, Chiang CP. A survey of the dental radiology course designed for dentist continuing education in Taiwan. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1354-1360. [PMID: 37404623 PMCID: PMC10316498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background/purpose In Taiwan, dental radiology has a long history of development. However, there are very few dental radiology curricula in Taiwan's dental education system. This study explored preliminarily the dental radiology course designed for dentist continuing education in Taiwan. Materials and methods This study used the method of dental radiology education survey by questionnaire to evaluate participating dentists' learning outcomes by assessing their perceptions of the dental radiology course. Results In this study, 117 participating dentists filled out the questionnaires completely after the class of dentist continuing education. The results showed that most of participating dentists agreed that dental radiology courses were rare in dental school curriculum and dentist continuing education. Moreover, most of participating dentists found this course to be helpful in raising their basic knowledge and skill about dental radiology, their attitude towards dental radiology, and their interest in further learning of dental radiology. They were satisfied with the course. The degree of agreement for each question was high, and all the mean scores for each question were between 4.53 and 4.77. The numbers (rates) of respondents who answered as agree were between 105 and 113 (between 89.74% and 96.58%). Conclusion The dental radiology course contributed to an increase in dentists' basic knowledge and skill about dental radiology and their awareness and understanding of the importance of dental radiology. Considering the effectiveness of the dental radiology course on dentists' basic knowledge/skill and attitude of dental radiology, this model shows promise for further use in dentist continuing education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Chou Cheng
- Chia-Te Dental Clinic, New Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Life Science, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Science Education Center, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hua Tang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yueh-Tuan Lin
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fu-Hsien Yang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Hsiung Chen
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Pin Chiang
- Department of Dentistry, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Dentistry, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Hualien, Taiwan
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16
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Vila-Blanco N, Varas-Quintana P, Tomás I, Carreira MJ. A systematic overview of dental methods for age assessment in living individuals: from traditional to artificial intelligence-based approaches. Int J Legal Med 2023; 137:1117-1146. [PMID: 37055627 PMCID: PMC10247592 DOI: 10.1007/s00414-023-02960-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
Dental radiographies have been used for many decades for estimating the chronological age, with a view to forensic identification, migration flow control, or assessment of dental development, among others. This study aims to analyse the current application of chronological age estimation methods from dental X-ray images in the last 6 years, involving a search for works in the Scopus and PubMed databases. Exclusion criteria were applied to discard off-topic studies and experiments which are not compliant with a minimum quality standard. The studies were grouped according to the applied methodology, the estimation target, and the age cohort used to evaluate the estimation performance. A set of performance metrics was used to ensure good comparability between the different proposed methodologies. A total of 613 unique studies were retrieved, of which 286 were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Notable tendencies to overestimation and underestimation were observed in some manual approaches for numeric age estimation, being especially notable in the case of Demirjian (overestimation) and Cameriere (underestimation). On the other hand, the automatic approaches based on deep learning techniques are scarcer, with only 17 studies published in this regard, but they showed a more balanced behaviour, with no tendency to overestimation or underestimation. From the analysis of the results, it can be concluded that traditional methods have been evaluated in a wide variety of population samples, ensuring good applicability in different ethnicities. On the other hand, fully automated methods were a turning point in terms of performance, cost, and adaptability to new populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Vila-Blanco
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Departamento de Electrónica e Computación, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Paulina Varas-Quintana
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, Department of Surgery and Medical Surgical Specialities, School of Medicine and Dentistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - María J Carreira
- Centro Singular de Investigación en Tecnoloxías Intelixentes (CiTIUS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Departamento de Electrónica e Computación, Escola Técnica Superior de Enxeñaría, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Jayan B, Krishnan M, Saraswathy S, Gupta S, Agarwal M, Sahai K. Multicentric evaluation of conventional dosimetry vs bio-dosimetry over a period of two years for a three-point contact. Med J Armed Forces India 2023; 79:378-385. [PMID: 37441291 PMCID: PMC10334216 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2021.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental radiology represents the best model for evaluating the effects of low-dose ionizing radiation. Therefore, this study evaluated the awareness on radiation hygiene among dental ancillary personnel through a questionnaire and their absorbed doses by physical and biologic dosimetry. Methods The multicentric study included two groups. Group I (N = 30) consisted of dental staff involved in dental radiology. An equal number of personnel who were not related to radiology formed the control group. Knowledge (K), attitude (A), and practice (P) of participants were assessed using a KAP questionnaire. Radiation exposure was evaluated by physical dosimetry at 3 time periods: at the beginning of the study (T1), after 10 months (T2), and at the end after 20 months (T3). Similarly, biologic dosimetry was also carried out at 3 time points by dicentric chromosome aberration assay. The data were compared using percentage analysis, analysis of variance (one-way analysis of variance), and Student's t- test. Results The KAP survey demonstrated enhanced understanding of radiation protection measures and its sound practice by the participants. Physical dosimetry showed a significant increase in absorbed dose at 3 time points: T1, T2, and T3. However, no chromosomal aberrations were observed in blood lymphocytes for any of the participants in the optimized 4-day biodosimetry protocol. Conclusion Good radiation protection protocols-safe distance from the radiation source and wear of lead aprons and thyroid collars-ensured low absorbed doses. The 4-day protocol is an important step toward developing biodosimetry laboratories in the Armed Forces Medical Services for clinical and national radiation countermeasure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balakrishnan Jayan
- Commandant, Army Dental Centre, (Research & Referral), Delhi Cantt, India
| | - Manu Krishnan
- Commanding Officer & Classified Specialist (Orthodontics), 17 Corps Dental Unit, C/o 99 APO, India
| | - Seema Saraswathy
- Faculty (Biochemistry), Army College of Medical Sciences (ACMS), Delhi, India
| | - Shilpi Gupta
- Senior Research Fellow (Dental Research & Implantology), Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Allied Sciences (INMAS), Defence Research & Development Organization (DRDO), Timarpur, Delhi, India
| | - Manisha Agarwal
- Associate Professor (Lab Sciences), Command Hospital (Eastern Command), Kolkata, India
| | - Kavita Sahai
- Deputy Commandant, Command Hospital (Northern Command), C/o 56 APO, India
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Kohinata K, Kitano T, Nishiyama W, Mori M, Iida Y, Fujita H, Katsumata A. Deep learning for preliminary profiling of panoramic images. Oral Radiol 2023; 39:275-81. [PMID: 35759114 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-022-00634-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the feasibility of using deep learning for profiling of panoramic radiographs. STUDY DESIGN Panoramic radiographs of 1000 patients were used. Patients were categorized using seven dental or physical characteristics: age, gender, mixed or permanent dentition, number of presenting teeth, impacted wisdom tooth status, implant status, and prosthetic treatment status. A Neural Network Console (Sony Network Communications Inc., Tokyo, Japan) deep learning system and the VGG-Net deep convolutional neural network were used for classification. RESULTS Dentition and prosthetic treatment status exhibited classification accuracies of 93.5% and 90.5%, respectively. Tooth number and implant status both exhibited 89.5% classification accuracy; impacted wisdom tooth status exhibited 69.0% classification accuracy. Age and gender exhibited classification accuracies of 56.0% and 75.5%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our proposed preliminary profiling method may be useful for preliminary interpretation of panoramic images and preprocessing before the application of additional artificial intelligence techniques.
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Bonfanti-Gris M, Garcia-Cañas A, Alonso-Calvo R, Salido Rodriguez-Manzaneque MP, Pradies Ramiro G. Evaluation of an Artificial Intelligence web-based software to detect and classify dental structures and treatments in panoramic radiographs. J Dent 2022; 126:104301. [PMID: 36150430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the diagnostic reliability of a web-based Artificial Intelligence program on the detection and classification of dental structures and treatments present on panoramic radiographs. METHODS A total of 300 orthopantomographies (OPG) were randomly selected for this study. First, the images were visually evaluated by two calibrated operators with radiodiagnosis experience that, after consensus, established the "ground truth". Operators' findings on the radiographs were collected and classified as follows: metal restorations (MR), resin-based restorations (RR), endodontic treatment (ET), Crowns (C) and Implants (I). The orthopantomographies were then anonymously uploaded and automatically analyzed by the web-based software (Denti.Ai). Results were then stored, and a statistical analysis was performed by comparing them with the ground truth in terms of Sensitivity (S), Specificity (E), Positive Predictive Value (PPV) Negative Predictive Value (NPV) and its later representation in the area under (AUC) the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve. RESULTS Diagnostic metrics obtained for each study variable were as follows: (MR) S=85.48%, E=87.50%, PPV=82.8%, NPV=42.51%, AUC=0.869; (PR) S=41.11%, E=93.30%, PPV=90.24%, NPV=87.50%, AUC=0.672; (ET) S=91.9%, E=100%, PPV=100%, NPV=94.62%, AUC=0.960; (C) S=89.53%, E=95.79%, PPV=89.53%, NPV=95.79%, AUC=0.927; (I) S, E, PPV, NPV=100%, AUC=1.000. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that the web-based Artificial intelligence software provides a good performance on the detection of implants, crowns, metal fillings and endodontic treatments, not being so accurate on the classification of dental structures or resin-based restorations. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE General diagnostic and treatment decisions using orthopantomographies can be improved by using web-based artificial intelligence tools, avoiding subjectivity and lapses from the clinician.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Bonfanti-Gris
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Angel Garcia-Cañas
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raul Alonso-Calvo
- Department of Informatics Systems and Languages, Faculty of Software Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid. Campus Montegancedo s/n, Boadilla del Monte. 28660 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Paz Salido Rodriguez-Manzaneque
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Guillermo Pradies Ramiro
- Department of Conservative and Prosthetic Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Complutense University of Madrid. Plaza Ramón y Cajal, s/n. 28040 Madrid, Spain
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20
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Bock A, Elvers D, Peters F, Kramer C, Kniha K, Hölzle F, Spreckelsen C, Modabber A. Effects of mobile learning on writing panoramic radiograph reports: a quasi-experimental trial in dental education. BMC Med Educ 2021; 21:466. [PMID: 34470635 PMCID: PMC8411548 DOI: 10.1186/s12909-021-02889-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In dentistry, the reporting of panoramic radiographs is particularly challenging, as many structures are depicted in one image and pathologies need to be identified completely. To enhance the learning process for these interpretations, the advantages of the increasingly popular education method of mobile learning could be used. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the effectiveness of learning to report panoramic radiographs using an application (app) on a mobile device. METHODS The existing e-learning programme 'PantoDict' was further developed into a mobile app with a new training section. Participants of a dental radiology course were divided into two groups, one of which additionally had the chance to practise reporting panoramic radiographs using the app. A test to assess the knowledge gained was conducted at the end of the semester; the course and the app were also evaluated. RESULTS The group that used the app showed significantly better results in the test than the control group (p < 0.05). Although the app group approved a high satisfaction using the app as an additional supplement to the course, this did not result in a higher overall satisfaction with the course. Further, these students observed that the traditional face-to-face seminar could not be replaced by the app. CONCLUSION By using the PantoDict app, students were offered better training options for writing reports on panoramic radiographs, which resulted in significantly better test results than the results of the control group. Therefore, the mobile app is a useful supplement to classical education formats within the context of a blended learning approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bock
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Dirk Elvers
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Florian Peters
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Chris Kramer
- Department of Medical Informatics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Kristian Kniha
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Frank Hölzle
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Cord Spreckelsen
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences, University Hospital Jena, Nachstraße 18, 07743, Jena, Germany
| | - Ali Modabber
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital of Aachen University, Pauwelsstr. 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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Weber LS, Schulze R. The effects of examiner fatigue on the diagnostic accuracy of dental radiographs. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:6193-6199. [PMID: 33929630 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-021-03918-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to find out whether and to what extent the performance of dentists regarding diagnostic evaluation of dental radiographs is influenced by symptoms of fatigue. MATERIALS AND METHODS Over a period of 40 minutes, 21 dentists evaluated a database of 96 randomly selected, infinitely repeating intraoral dental radiographs for the presence of periapical radiolucencies. Both before and after, participants were asked to assess their subjective fatigue using the Swedish Occupational Fatigue Inventory (SOFI), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), and Numerical Rating Scale (NRS). Diagnostic accuracy was analyzed using the Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) method. Furthermore, the correlation between diagnostic accuracy and radiographic experience, image viewing time, and level of training was also evaluated. RESULTS The study showed that despite increasing fatigue, the diagnostic accuracy of the examiners remained consistent with an average AUC value of 0.768 ± 0.091. Within the 40-min reporting period, no statistically significant fluctuations were found. The diagnostic accuracy varied depending on the radiographic experience: with many years of radiographic experience, the diagnostic accuracy increased. At the same time, the older study participants with greater radiographic experience became less tired compared to younger study participants during the examination. CONCLUSIONS Although an increase in fatigue was observed during the 40-min examination, the diagnostic accuracy of the doctors remained constant. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Due to the high workload which needs to be handled in a limited time, medical and dental professionals have reached a certain level of exposition to stress that can lead to physical fatigue. However, the increasing fatigue should not negatively influence the work of the doctors. The study shows that the radiodiagnostic accuracy remained the same.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa S Weber
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie - plastische Operationen, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ralf Schulze
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Mund, Kiefer- und Gesichtschirurgie - plastische Operationen, Augustusplatz 2, 55131, Mainz, Germany.,Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology, Division of Oral Diagnostic Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Ilhan B, Bayrakdar İS, Orhan K. Dental radiographic procedures during COVID-19 outbreak and normalization period: recommendations on infection control. Oral Radiol 2020; 36:395-399. [PMID: 32601787 PMCID: PMC7323880 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00460-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Dental professionals have always been meticulous about infection control due to high risk of cross-contamination during dental procedures. Nevertheless, there is an urgent need to review and revise our current practice of infection control and develop more strict protocols that will prevent nosocomial spread of infection during COVID-19 outbreak and future pandemics. The risk of contamination is high during dental radiography if proper disinfection techniques are not applied. This document provides advice and guidance for infection control when practicing dental radiography during COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Ilhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - İbrahim Sevki Bayrakdar
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Kaan Orhan
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Doriguêtto PVT, Americano JP, Devito KL. Challenges for the dental radiology clinic in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. Oral Radiol 2020; 36:404-405. [PMID: 32564186 PMCID: PMC7305473 DOI: 10.1007/s11282-020-00456-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This letter addresses the challenges for the dental radiology clinic in times of the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights the use of teleradiography and mobile devices, as well as the proper care in disinfecting these equipments. As there are still no specific therapies for COVID-19, biosafety measures that promote containment and prevent the spread of the virus are crucial to stop the outbreak and control a possible new infectious peak.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia Pereira Americano
- Master's Program in Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Karina Lopes Devito
- Department of Dental Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Campus Universitário, s/n, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil.
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Gallichan N, Albadri S, Dixon C, Jorgenson K. Trends in CBCT current practice within three UK paediatric dental departments. Eur Arch Paediatr Dent 2020; 21:537-42. [PMID: 32333273 DOI: 10.1007/s40368-020-00526-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is used across all dental specialties and has a number of advantages compared to 2D images. The SEDENTEXCT guidelines provide a number of indications for the use, however there are currently no specific guidelines for paediatric dentistry. The aim of this study was to assess current practice of CBCT imaging within paediatric dental departments in England, audit compliance of CBCT justifications against the standards set by SEDENTEXCT and assess whether the use of CBCT affected the treatment plan for each individual patient. METHODS From the retrospective analysis of CBCT examinations taken over a 4-year period across three dental hospitals in the north of England, the following data were collected: age at the time of exposure, clinical indication, region of interest (ROI) and diagnostic findings. Clinical notes were also used to identify whether the CBCT had an effect on the final treatment plan. RESULTS A total of 335 CBCT examinations were performed, mean age: 11 years. The number of CBCTs increased each year with a twofold increase in the first 2 years. The main clinical indication in 46% of CBCT examinations was the assessment of localised developing dentition, 68% were in the upper anterior sextant and 61% of CBCT exams were in the mixed dentition age group. The investigations were justified in 100% of the cases. CONCLUSION The quantity of CBCT examination in paediatric dental patients is increasing to assist treatment planning but more often to enable improved surgical planning.
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Mishra I, Karjodkar FR, Sansare K, Dora AC, Tambawala SS, Kapoor R, Sharma SR. Diagnostic Value of Extraoral Periapical Radiograph in Comparison to Intraoral Periapical Radiograph: A Cross-sectional, Institutional Study. Contemp Clin Dent 2018; 9:406-409. [PMID: 30166835 PMCID: PMC6104369 DOI: 10.4103/ccd.ccd_152_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Radiographs form an invaluable adjunct in diagnosis, treatment planning, and postoperative evaluation during patient management in the dental office where intraoral periapical (IOPA) radiographs are the ones most commonly used. However, certain conditions render the placement of film difficult. In such cases, a panoramic radiograph may be taken, but it has the disadvantage of higher radiation exposure and cost. Extraoral periapical (EOPA) technique allows radiographs to be taken on an IOPA film by placing it extraorally. We aimed to evaluate its diagnostic accuracy compared to intraoral bisecting angle technique. Materials and Methods: Forty-five patients were randomly selected. Ninety radiographs were taken; two for each patient. First image was obtained by intraoral bisecting angle technique and second by EOPA technique. A scale was devised for the comparison of radiographs taken by the two techniques. Two experienced oral radiologists rated them based on the scale followed by statistical analysis. Results: Patients reported increased compliance with the EOPA technique. 84.40% of the EOPA radiographs (EOPARs) were diagnostically acceptable; sensitivity and specificity was 84% and 55%, respectively. Conclusion: EOPAR is beneficial in cases where intraoral film placement is difficult, and a radiograph is necessary for patient management, even though it demonstrates comparatively lesser diagnostic accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isha Mishra
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Government Dental College and Hospital, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Freny R Karjodkar
- Department Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kaustubh Sansare
- Department Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amaresh Chandra Dora
- Department Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shahnaz S Tambawala
- Department Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ruchika Kapoor
- Department Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sneha R Sharma
- Department Oral Medicine and Radiology, Nair Hospital Dental College, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Strobel S, Lenhart E, Woelber JP, Fleiner J, Hannig C, Wrbas KT. Comparison of two cone-beam computed tomography systems in the visualization of endodontic structures. Swiss Dent J 2017; 127:221-229. [PMID: 28480947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
An important part of endodontic diagnosis and treatment is the adequate visualization of root canal anatomy. The objective of the present study was to compare two different three-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems, Scanora 3D and 3D Accuitomo 170, with respect to their visualization of endodontic canal systems and potential pathological alterations. Seventy extracted human teeth were investigated with regard to the radiographic detection of number of root canals, lateral canals, root canal fillings and posts, vertical root fractures, and the occurrence of image artifacts. For each evaluation parameter under investigation the radiographic diagnoses obtained by the two different CBCT systems under investigation were similarly accurate, without statistically significant differences. The evaluation of teeth containing highdensity foreign materials was impaired for both CBCT systems because of image artifacts. However, a difference between the CBCT systems was not observed. In conclusion, both CBCT systems were found to be similarly suitable for the visualization of endodontic structures in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Strobel
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Evelyn Lenhart
- Medical Center for Aesthetics and Implantology, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johan P Woelber
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Jonathan Fleiner
- OMFS IMPATH research group, Dept Imaging &Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Christian Hannig
- Clinic of Operative and Pediatric Dentistry, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, TUDresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Karl-Thomas Wrbas
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg i.Br., Germany
- Department of Endodontics, Center for Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University of Dental Medicine and Oral Health, Danube Private University (DPU), Krems, Austria
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Abstract
CONTEXT The goal of any radiologist is to produce the highest quality diagnostic radiographs, while keeping patient exposure as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA). AIMS The aim of this study was to describe the reasons for radiograph rejections through a repeat film analysis in an Indian dental school. SETTINGS AND DESIGN An observational study conducted in the Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal. MATERIALS AND METHODS During a 6-month study period, a total of 9,495 intra-oral radiographs and 2339 extraoral radiographs taken in the Radiology Department were subjected to repeat film analysis. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED SPSS Version 16. Descriptive analysis used. RESULTS The results showed that the repeat rates were 7.1% and 5.86% for intraoral and extraoral radiographs, respectively. Among the causes for errors reported, positioning error (38.7%) was the most common, followed by improper angulations (26.1%), and improper film placement (11.2%) for intra-oral radiographs. The study found that the maximum frequency of repeats among extraoral radiographs was for panoramic radiographs (49%) followed by lateral cephalogram (33%), and paranasal sinus view (14%). It was also observed that repeat rate of intraoral radiographs was highest for internees (44.7%), and undergraduate students (28.2%). CONCLUSIONS The study pointed to a need for more targeted interventions to achieve the goal of keeping patient exposure ALARA in a dental school setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shruthi Acharya
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Keerthilatha M. Pai
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Shashidhar Acharya
- Department of Public Health Dentistry, Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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S S, P R, B S, G U. Utility of extra-oral aiming device in imaging periapical regions of posterior teeth. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:ZC51-5. [PMID: 25478448 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/9879.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intraoral film placement and the film holding equipments are not acceptable by many due to varied reasons. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the utility of extra-oral aiming device developed by Chia-hui chen for imaging the periapical regions of posterior teeth employing the technique suggested by saberi et al. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study subjects included 20 patients in the age group of 10-35 y. The subjects were further subdivided according to the area to be imaged into four groups, with 5 in each. Imaging was done using the device developed by chia-hui chen, with the method employed by newmann and saberi et al., The radiographs were then interpreted for complete coverage of the anatomical structure. The findings were recorded and subjected to Analysis of variance (ANOVA) statistical analysis. RESULTS The visibility of imaging area was more in mandible (95%) than maxilla (86.5%). The overall accuracy was 90.75%. These findings were statistically non-significant (F- 2.152 & P-0.134). Among the reason for reduced accuracy, overlapping of the opposite arch (4%) was more common and the horizontal overlapping (0.5%) was least common. CONCLUSION This technique is not meant to replace conventional intraoral radiography. It is a useful supplementary aid to our clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhakar S
- Reader, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, St.Joseph Dental College & Hospital , Eluru, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Ramaswamy P
- Professor & HOD, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, St.Joseph Dental College & Hospital , Eluru, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Smitha B
- Reader, Department of Oral medicine & Radiology, St. Joseph Dental College & Hospital , Eluru, Andhrapradesh, India
| | - Uday G
- Post Graduate Student, Department of Oral Medicine & Radiology, St. Joseph Dental College & Hospital , Eluru, Andhrapradesh, India
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Nisha V A, J P, N S, A G G, Devi B K Y, Reddy S S, N R. The role of colour Doppler ultrasonography in the diagnosis of fascial space infections - a cross sectional study. J Clin Diagn Res 2013; 7:962-7. [PMID: 23814756 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2013/5617.2990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES (1) To evaluate the role of ultrasonography with colour Doppler in the diagnosis of fascial space infections, (2) To determine the nature, size and extent of the odontogenic infections which involve the primary and secondary fascial spaces of the maxilla and the mandible (3) To evaluate the sensitivity of ultrasonography in determining whether the inflammatory process is in a stage of cellulitis or abscess and to thus determine the appropriate time for a surgical intervention during the course of the infection and to correlate the clinical and radiographic findings with the ultrasonographic findings and (4) to determine the treatment plan. METHODOLOGY Thirty four patients with odontogenic infections which involved the superficial and the deep fascial spaces of the head and neck were subjected to ultrasonographic examinations over the suspected area in the transverse and axial directions to determine the stage of the infection, its anatomic location and the treatment plan. RESULTS Ultrasonography showed 95.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity as compared to the clinical and radiographic diagnoses and it proved to be an effective investigation modality in the diagnosis of fascial space infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarthi Nisha V
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Sree Balaji Dental College and Hospital , Chennai, India
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