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Haddad Momeni M, Zitting A, Jäämuru V, Turunen R, Penttilä P, Buchko GW, Hiltunen S, Maiorova N, Koivula A, Sapkota J, Marjamaa K, Master ER. Insights into the action of phylogenetically diverse microbial expansins on the structure of cellulose microfibrils. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2024; 17:56. [PMID: 38654330 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-024-02500-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microbial expansins (EXLXs) are non-lytic proteins homologous to plant expansins involved in plant cell wall formation. Due to their non-lytic cell wall loosening properties and potential to disaggregate cellulosic structures, there is considerable interest in exploring the ability of microbial expansins (EXLX) to assist the processing of cellulosic biomass for broader biotechnological applications. Herein, EXLXs with different modular structure and from diverse phylogenetic origin were compared in terms of ability to bind cellulosic, xylosic, and chitinous substrates, to structurally modify cellulosic fibrils, and to boost enzymatic deconstruction of hardwood pulp. RESULTS Five heterogeneously produced EXLXs (Clavibacter michiganensis; CmiEXLX2, Dickeya aquatica; DaqEXLX1, Xanthomonas sacchari; XsaEXLX1, Nothophytophthora sp.; NspEXLX1 and Phytophthora cactorum; PcaEXLX1) were shown to bind xylan and hardwood pulp at pH 5.5 and CmiEXLX2 (harboring a family-2 carbohydrate-binding module) also bound well to crystalline cellulose. Small-angle X-ray scattering revealed a 20-25% increase in interfibrillar distance between neighboring cellulose microfibrils following treatment with CmiEXLX2, DaqEXLX1, or NspEXLX1. Correspondingly, combining xylanase with CmiEXLX2 and DaqEXLX1 increased product yield from hardwood pulp by ~ 25%, while supplementing the TrAA9A LPMO from Trichoderma reesei with CmiEXLX2, DaqEXLX1, and NspEXLX1 increased total product yield by over 35%. CONCLUSION This direct comparison of diverse EXLXs revealed consistent impacts on interfibrillar spacing of cellulose microfibers and performance of carbohydrate-active enzymes predicted to act on fiber surfaces. These findings uncover new possibilities to employ EXLXs in the creation of value-added materials from cellulosic biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Haddad Momeni
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Aleksi Zitting
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Vilma Jäämuru
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Rosaliina Turunen
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Paavo Penttilä
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Garry W Buchko
- Earth and Biological Sciences Directorate, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
- School of Molecular Biosciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164, USA
| | - Salla Hiltunen
- NE Research Center, UPM Pulp Research and Innovations, 53200, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Natalia Maiorova
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, 02044-VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anu Koivula
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, 02044-VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Janak Sapkota
- NE Research Center, UPM Pulp Research and Innovations, 53200, Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Kaisa Marjamaa
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, P.O. Box 1000, 02044-VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Emma R Master
- Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, Kemistintie 1, 02150, Espoo, Finland.
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, 200 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E5, Canada.
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Kakko N, Rantasalo A, Koponen T, Vidgren V, Kannisto M, Maiorova N, Nygren H, Mojzita D, Penttilä M, Jouhten P. Inducible Synthetic Growth Regulation Using the ClpXP Proteasome Enhances cis,cis-Muconic Acid and Glycolic Acid Yields in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. ACS Synth Biol 2023; 12:1021-1033. [PMID: 36976676 PMCID: PMC10127448 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.2c00467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
Engineered microbial cells can produce sustainable chemistry, but the production competes for resources with growth. Inducible synthetic control over the resource use would enable fast accumulation of sufficient biomass and then divert the resources to production. We developed inducible synthetic resource-use control overSaccharomyces cerevisiae by expressing a bacterial ClpXP proteasome from an inducible promoter. By individually targeting growth-essential metabolic enzymes Aro1, Hom3, and Acc1 to the ClpXP proteasome, cell growth could be efficiently repressed during cultivation. The ClpXP proteasome was specific to the target proteins, and there was no reduction in the targets when ClpXP was not induced. The inducible growth repression improved product yields from glucose (cis,cis-muconic acid) and per biomass (cis,cis-muconic acid and glycolic acid). The inducible ClpXP proteasome tackles uncertainties in strain optimization by enabling model-guided repression of competing, growth-essential, and metabolic enzymes. Most importantly, it allows improving production without compromising biomass accumulation when uninduced; therefore, it is expected to mitigate strain stability and low productivity challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Kakko
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Espoo FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Anssi Rantasalo
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Tino Koponen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Virve Vidgren
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Matti Kannisto
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Natalia Maiorova
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Heli Nygren
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Dominik Mojzita
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
| | - Merja Penttilä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Espoo FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
| | - Paula Jouhten
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd, Espoo 02044 VTT, Finland
- School of Chemical Engineering, Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16300, Espoo FI-00076 AALTO, Finland
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Häkkinen ST, Nygren H, Nohynek L, Puupponen-Pimiä R, Heiniö RL, Maiorova N, Rischer H, Ritala A. Plant cell cultures as food-aspects of sustainability and safety. Plant Cell Rep 2020; 39:1655-1668. [PMID: 32892290 PMCID: PMC7644541 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-020-02592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sustainability and safety aspects of plant cell cultures as food are presented. Applicability of dairy side streams as carbon source and use of natural growth enhancers in cultivation are shown. Biotechnologically produced cellular products are currently emerging to replace and add into the portfolio of agriculturally derived commodities. Plant cell cultures used for food could supplement current food production. However, still many aspects need to be resolved before this new food concept can enter the market. Issues related to sustainability and safety for human consumption are relevant for both consumers and regulators. In this study, two plant cell cultures, deriving from arctic bramble (Rubus arcticus) and birch (Betula pendula), were cultivated using lactose-rich dairy side streams as alternative carbon sources to replace sucrose. Biomasses were comparable to those of original plant cell culture media when up to 83% and 75% of the original sucrose was replaced by these side streams for arctic bramble and birch cell cultures, respectively. Furthermore, nutritional composition or sensory properties were not compromised. Synthetic plant growth regulators were replaced by natural components, such as coconut water and IAA for several subculture cycles. Finally, it was shown that only trace amounts of free growth regulators are present in the cells at the harvesting point and assessment by freshwater crustaceans assay indicated that toxicity of the cells was not exceeding that of traditionally consumed bilberry fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T Häkkinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland.
| | - Heli Nygren
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Liisa Nohynek
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Riitta Puupponen-Pimiä
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Raija-Liisa Heiniö
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Natalia Maiorova
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
| | - Anneli Ritala
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Tietotie 2, P.O. Box 1000, 02044 VTT, Espoo, Finland
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Häkkinen ST, Nygren H, Maiorova N, Haavikko R, Alakurtti S, Yli-Kauhaluoma J, Rischer H, Oksman-Caldentey KM. Biotransformation of Cyclodextrine-Complexed Semisynthetic Betulin Derivatives by Plant Cells. Planta Med 2018; 84:743-748. [PMID: 29518814 DOI: 10.1055/a-0585-6081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In this study, three semisynthetic betulonic acid-based compounds, 20(29)-dihydrolup-2-en[2,3-d]isoxazol-28-oic acid, 1-betulonoylpyrrolidine, and lupa-2,20(29)-dieno[2,3-b]pyrazin-28-oic acid, were studied in biotransformation experiments using Nicotiana tabacum and Catharanthus roseus cell suspension cultures. Biotransformation was performed using cyclodextrin to aid dissolving poorly water-soluble substrates. Several new derivatives were found, consisting of oxidized and glycosylated (pentose- and hexose-conjugated) products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suvi T Häkkinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Heli Nygren
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | | | - Raisa Haavikko
- University of Helsinki, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sami Alakurtti
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
| | - Jari Yli-Kauhaluoma
- University of Helsinki, Drug Research Program, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Technology, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heiko Rischer
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Espoo, Finland
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