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Eckhardt E, Schinköthe J, Gischke M, Sehl-Ewert J, Corleis B, Dorhoi A, Teifke J, Albrecht D, Geluk A, Gilleron M, Bastian M. Author Correction: Phosphatidylinositolmannoside vaccination induces lipid-specific Th1-responses and partially protects guinea pigs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22614. [PMID: 38114538 PMCID: PMC10730528 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-49215-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Emmelie Eckhardt
- Friedrich-Loefer-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Jan Schinköthe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Gischke
- Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Sehl-Ewert
- Friedrich-Loefer-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Friedrich-Loefer-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Friedrich-Loefer-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Jens Teifke
- Friedrich-Loefer-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Gilleron
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loefer-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany.
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2
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Corleis B, Tzouanas CN, Wadsworth MH, Cho JL, Linder AH, Schiff AE, Zessin B, Stei F, Dorhoi A, Dickey AK, Medoff BD, Shalek AK, Kwon DS. Tobacco smoke exposure recruits inflammatory airspace monocytes that establish permissive lung niches for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Sci Transl Med 2023; 15:eadg3451. [PMID: 38055798 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.adg3451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking doubles the risk of active tuberculosis (TB) and accounts for up to 20% of all active TB cases globally. How smoking promotes lung microenvironments permissive to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) growth remains incompletely understood. We investigated primary bronchoalveolar lavage cells from current and never smokers by performing single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), flow cytometry, and functional assays. We observed the enrichment of immature inflammatory monocytes in the lungs of smokers compared with nonsmokers. These monocytes exhibited phenotypes consistent with recent recruitment from blood, ongoing differentiation, increased activation, and states similar to those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Using integrative scRNA-seq and flow cytometry, we identified CD93 as a marker for a subset of these newly recruited smoking-associated lung monocytes and further provided evidence that the recruitment of monocytes into the lung was mediated by CCR2-binding chemokines, including CCL11. We also show that these cells exhibit elevated inflammatory responses upon exposure to Mtb and accelerated intracellular growth of Mtb compared with mature macrophages. This elevated Mtb growth could be inhibited by anti-inflammatory small molecules, providing a connection between smoking-induced pro-inflammatory states and permissiveness to Mtb growth. Our findings suggest a model in which smoking leads to the recruitment of immature inflammatory monocytes from the periphery to the lung, which results in the accumulation of these Mtb-permissive cells in the airway. This work defines how smoking may lead to increased susceptibility to Mtb and identifies host-directed therapies to reduce the burden of TB among those who smoke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Constantine N Tzouanas
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Marc H Wadsworth
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Alice H Linder
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Abigail E Schiff
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Björn Zessin
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Fabian Stei
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Greifswald-Insel Riems, 17493, Germany
| | - Amy K Dickey
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Alex K Shalek
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Institute for Medical Engineering & Science (IMES), Department of Chemistry, and Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
- Department of Immunology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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3
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Fricke C, Pfaff F, Ulrich L, Halwe NJ, Schön J, Timm L, Hoffmann W, Rauch S, Petsch B, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Corleis B, Dorhoi A. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern elicit divergent early immune responses in hACE2 transgenic mice. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250332. [PMID: 37609807 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Knowledge about early immunity to SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern mainly comes from the analysis of human blood. Such data provide limited information about host responses at the site of infection and largely miss the initial events. To gain insights into compartmentalization and the early dynamics of host responses to different SARS-CoV-2 variants, we utilized human angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) transgenic mice and tracked immune changes during the first days after infection by RNAseq, multiplex assays, and flow cytometry. Viral challenge infection led to divergent viral loads in the lungs, distinct inflammatory patterns, and innate immune cell accumulation in response to ancestral SARS-CoV-2, Beta (B.1.351) and Delta (B.1.617.2) variant of concern (VOC). Compared to other SARS-CoV-2 variants, infection with Beta (B.1.351) VOC spread promptly to the lungs, leading to increased inflammatory responses. SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies and T cells developed within the first 7 days postinfection and were required to reduce viral spread and replication. Our studies show that VOCs differentially trigger transcriptional profiles and inflammation. This information contributes to the basic understanding of immune responses immediately postexposure to SARS-CoV-2 and is relevant for developing pan-VOC interventions including prophylactic vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlie Fricke
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Florian Pfaff
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lorenz Ulrich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Nico Joel Halwe
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jacob Schön
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Laura Timm
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Weda Hoffmann
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | | | | | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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4
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Eckhardt E, Schinköthe J, Gischke M, Sehl-Ewert J, Corleis B, Dorhoi A, Teifke J, Albrecht D, Geluk A, Gilleron M, Bastian M. Phosphatidylinositolmannoside vaccination induces lipid-specific Th1-responses and partially protects guinea pigs from Mycobacterium tuberculosis challenge. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18613. [PMID: 37903877 PMCID: PMC10616071 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45898-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The concept of donor-unrestricted T cells (DURTs) comprises a heterogeneity of lymphoid cells that respond to an abundance of unconventional epitopes in a non-MHC-restricted manner. Vaccinologists strive to harness this so far underexplored branch of the immune system for new vaccines against tuberculosis. A particular division of DURTs are T cells that recognize their cognate lipid antigen in the context of CD1-molecules. Mycobacteria are characterized by a particular lipid-rich cell wall. Several of these lipids have been shown to be presented to T cells via CD1b-molecules. Guinea pigs functionally express CD1b and are hence an appropriate small animal model to study the role of CD1b-restricted, lipid-specific immune responses. In the current study, guinea pigs were vaccinated with BCG or highly-purified, liposome-formulated phosphatidylinositol-hexa-mannoside (PIM6) to assess the effect of CD1-restricted DURTs on the course of infection after virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) challenge. Robust PIM6-specific T cell-responses were observed both after BCG- and PIM6-vaccination. The cellular response was significantly reduced in the presence of monoclonal, CD1b-blocking antibodies, indicating that a predominant part of this reactivity was CD1b-restricted. When animals were challenged with Mtb, BCG- and PIM6-vaccinated animals showed significantly reduced pathology, smaller necrotic granulomas in lymph node and spleen and reduced bacterial loads. While BCG conferred an almost sterile protection in this setting, compared to control animals' lesions were reduced roughly by two thirds in PIM6-vaccinated. Comprehensive histological and transcriptional analyses in the draining lymph node revealed that protected animals showed reduced transcription-levels of inflammatory cyto- and chemokines and higher levels of CD1b-expression on professional antigen cells compared to controls. Although BCG as a comparator induced by far stronger effects, our observations in the guinea pig model suggest that CD1b-restricted, PIM6-reactive DURTs contribute to immune-mediated containment of virulent Mtb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmelie Eckhardt
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Jan Schinköthe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marcel Gischke
- Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Sehl-Ewert
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Jens Teifke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Dirk Albrecht
- Institute of Microbiology, Greifswald University, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Annemieke Geluk
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Martine Gilleron
- CNRS, Institut de Pharmacologie et de Biologie Structurale, Toulouse, France
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Südufer 10, 17493, Greifswald - Isle of Riems, Germany.
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5
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Corleis B, Bastian M, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Dorhoi A. Animal models for COVID-19 and tuberculosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1223260. [PMID: 37638020 PMCID: PMC10451089 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1223260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory infections cause tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Amongst these diseases, tuberculosis (TB), a bacterial illness caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis which often affects the lung, and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2), stand out as major drivers of epidemics of global concern. Despite their unrelated etiology and distinct pathology, these infections affect the same vital organ and share immunopathogenesis traits and an imperative demand to model the diseases at their various progression stages and localizations. Due to the clinical spectrum and heterogeneity of both diseases experimental infections were pursued in a variety of animal models. We summarize mammalian models employed in TB and COVID-19 experimental investigations, highlighting the diversity of rodent models and species peculiarities for each infection. We discuss the utility of non-human primates for translational research and emphasize on the benefits of non-conventional experimental models such as livestock. We epitomize advances facilitated by animal models with regard to understanding disease pathophysiology and immune responses. Finally, we highlight research areas necessitating optimized models and advocate that research of pulmonary infectious diseases could benefit from cross-fertilization between studies of apparently unrelated diseases, such as TB and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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6
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Eckhardt E, Li Y, Mamerow S, Schinköthe J, Sehl-Ewert J, Dreisbach J, Corleis B, Dorhoi A, Teifke J, Menge C, Kloss F, Bastian M. Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy of the Benzothiazinone BTZ-043 against Tuberculous Mycobacteria inside Granulomas in the Guinea Pig Model. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2023; 67:e0143822. [PMID: 36975792 PMCID: PMC10112198 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01438-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis, is the world's leading cause of mortality from a single bacterial pathogen. With increasing frequency, emergence of drug-resistant mycobacteria leads to failures of standard TB treatment regimens. Therefore, new anti-TB drugs are urgently required. BTZ-043 belongs to a novel class of nitrobenzothiazinones, which inhibit mycobacterial cell wall formation by covalent binding of an essential cysteine in the catalytic pocket of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-ribose oxidase (DprE1). Thus, the compound blocks the formation of decaprenylphosphoryl-β-d-arabinose, a precursor for the synthesis of arabinans. An excellent in vitro efficacy against M. tuberculosis has been demonstrated. Guinea pigs are an important small-animal model to study anti-TB drugs, as they are naturally susceptible to M. tuberculosis and develop human-like granulomas after infection. In the current study, dose-finding experiments were conducted to establish the appropriate oral dose of BTZ-043 for the guinea pig. Subsequently, it could be shown that the active compound was present at high concentrations in Mycobacterium bovis BCG-induced granulomas. To evaluate its therapeutic effect, guinea pigs were subcutaneously infected with virulent M. tuberculosis and treated with BTZ-043 for 4 weeks. BTZ-043-treated guinea pigs had reduced and less necrotic granulomas than vehicle-treated controls. In comparison to the vehicle controls a highly significant reduction of the bacterial burden was observed after BTZ-043 treatment at the site of infection and in the draining lymph node and spleen. Together, these findings indicate that BTZ-043 holds great promise as a new antimycobacterial drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmelie Eckhardt
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Yan Li
- Transfer Group Anti-infectives, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Leibniz-HKI, Jena, Germany
| | - Svenja Mamerow
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Schinköthe
- Institute of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julia Sehl-Ewert
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Julia Dreisbach
- Division of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine, University Hospital of the University of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Jens Teifke
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Menge
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Jena, Germany
| | - Florian Kloss
- Transfer Group Anti-infectives, Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Leibniz-HKI, Jena, Germany
| | - Max Bastian
- Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
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7
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Roth N, Gergen J, Kovacikova K, Mueller SO, Ulrich L, Schön J, Halwe NJ, Fricke C, Corleis B, Dorhoi A, Hoffmann D, Beer M, Maione D, Petsch B, Rauch S. Assessment of Immunogenicity and Efficacy of CV0501 mRNA-Based Omicron COVID-19 Vaccination in Small Animal Models. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11020318. [PMID: 36851196 PMCID: PMC9965737 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11020318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron and its subvariants (BA.2, BA.4, BA.5) represented the most commonly circulating variants of concern (VOC) in the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in 2022. Despite high vaccination rates with approved SARS-CoV-2 vaccines encoding the ancestral spike (S) protein, these Omicron subvariants have collectively resulted in increased viral transmission and disease incidence. This necessitates the development and characterization of vaccines incorporating later emerging S proteins to enhance protection against VOC. In this context, bivalent vaccine formulations may induce broad protection against VOC and potential future SARS-CoV-2 variants. Here, we report preclinical data for a lipid nanoparticle (LNP)-formulated RNActive® N1-methylpseudouridine (N1mΨ) modified mRNA vaccine (CV0501) based on our second-generation SARS-CoV-2 vaccine CV2CoV, encoding the S protein of Omicron BA.1. The immunogenicity of CV0501, alone or in combination with a corresponding vaccine encoding the ancestral S protein (ancestral N1mΨ), was first measured in dose-response and booster immunization studies performed in Wistar rats. Both monovalent CV0501 and bivalent CV0501/ancestral N1mΨ immunization induced robust neutralizing antibody titers against the BA.1, BA.2 and BA.5 Omicron subvariants, in addition to other SARS-CoV-2 variants in a booster immunization study. The protective efficacy of monovalent CV0501 against live SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 infection was then assessed in hamsters. Monovalent CV0501 significantly reduced SARS-CoV-2 BA.2 viral loads in the airways, demonstrating protection induced by CV0501 vaccination. CV0501 has now advanced into human Phase 1 clinical trials (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05477186).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Lorenz Ulrich
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Jacob Schön
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Nico Joel Halwe
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Charlie Fricke
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, 17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Martin Beer
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich Loeffler Institut, 17493 Griefswald-Insel Riems, Germany
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8
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Forkel H, Grabarczyk P, Depke M, Troschke-Meurer S, Simm S, Hammer E, Michalik S, Hentschker C, Corleis B, Loyal L, Zumpe M, Siebert N, Dorhoi A, Thiel A, Lode H, Völker U, Schmidt CA. BCL11B depletion induces the development of highly cytotoxic innate T cells out of IL-15 stimulated peripheral blood αβ CD8+ T cells. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2148850. [PMID: 36507091 PMCID: PMC9728472 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2148850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BCL11B, an essential transcription factor for thymopoiesis, regulates also vital processes in post-thymic lymphocytes. Increased expression of BCL11B was recently correlated with the maturation of NK cells, whereas reduced BCL11B levels were observed in native and induced T cell subsets displaying NK cell features. We show that BCL11B-depleted CD8+ T cells stimulated with IL-15 acquired remarkable innate characteristics. These induced innate CD8+ (iiT8) cells expressed multiple innate receptors like NKp30, CD161, and CD16 as well as factors regulating migration and tissue homing while maintaining their T cell phenotype. The iiT8 cells effectively killed leukemic cells spontaneously and neuroblastoma spheroids in the presence of a tumor-specific monoclonal antibody mediated by CD16 receptor activation. These iiT8 cells integrate the innate natural killer cell activity with adaptive T cell longevity, promising an interesting therapeutic potential. Our study demonstrates that innate T cells, albeit of limited clinical applicability given their low frequency, can be efficiently generated from peripheral blood and applied for adoptive transfer, CAR therapy, or combined with therapeutic antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Forkel
- Internal Medicine Clinic C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Piotr Grabarczyk
- Internal Medicine Clinic C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Maren Depke
- Internal Medicine Clinic C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Sascha Troschke-Meurer
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stefan Simm
- Institute of Bioinformatics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Elke Hammer
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Stephan Michalik
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian Hentschker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Institute for Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Lucie Loyal
- Si-M/“Der Simulierte Mensch” a science framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Maxi Zumpe
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Anca Dorhoi
- Institute for Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Andreas Thiel
- Si-M/“Der Simulierte Mensch” a science framework of Technische Universität Berlin and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany,Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger Lode
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Uwe Völker
- Interfaculty Institute for Genetics and Functional Genomics, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christian A. Schmidt
- Internal Medicine Clinic C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany,CONTACT Christian A. Schmidt Internal Medicine Clinic C, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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9
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Matiza T, Boyd KF, Lyall RA, Kwon DS, McGregor AM, Fiorillo S, Campbell TB, Borok M, Corleis B. Compartmentalized T cell profile in the lungs of patients with HIV-1-associated pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e28328. [PMID: 34941134 PMCID: PMC8702193 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000028328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary Kaposi sarcoma (pKS) caused by Human herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is a devastating form of KS in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Blood T cells play a central role in the response of HIV-1 and HHV-8. However, little information is available on T cells in the alveolar space of HIV-1-associated pKS patients.Therefore, we examined CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in the alveolar space in comparison with the blood of patients with pKS. We recruited 26 HIV-1 positive patients with KS, including 15 patients with pKS. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells and blood mononuclear cells were analyzed for T cell memory phenotypes, surface markers associated with exhaustion, and intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) using flow cytometry. HIV-1 and HHV-8 viral loads were measured in plasma by quantitative PCR.BAL T cells showed reduced inflammatory capacities and significantly diminished polyfunctionality compared to blood T cells from patients with pKS. This was not accompanied by increased expression of exhaustion markers, such as TIM-3 and PD-1.More importantly, we found a negative correlation between the production of MIP1-β and TNF-α in T cells in BAL and blood, indicating compartmentalised immune responses to pKS and accentuated chronic HIV-1/HHV-8 pathogenesis via T cells in the lungs of people with pKS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarisiro Matiza
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Kathryn F. Boyd
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Rebecca A. Lyall
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Douglas S. Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine and Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, MA
| | - Alan M. McGregor
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Suzanne Fiorillo
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Thomas B. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO
| | - Margaret Borok
- Department of Medicine, University of Zimbabwe College of Health Sciences, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Isle of Riems, Germany
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10
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Bunjun R, Soares AP, Thawer N, Müller TL, Kiravu A, Ginbot Z, Corleis B, Murugan BD, Kwon DS, von Groote-Bidlingmaier F, Riou C, Wilkinson RJ, Walzl G, Burgers WA. Dysregulation of the Immune Environment in the Airways During HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707355. [PMID: 34276702 PMCID: PMC8278481 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 increases susceptibility to pulmonary infection and disease, suggesting pathogenesis in the lung. However, the lung immune environment during HIV infection remains poorly characterized. This study examined T cell activation and the cytokine milieu in paired bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and blood from 36 HIV-uninfected and 32 HIV-infected participants. Concentrations of 27 cytokines were measured by Luminex, and T cells were phenotyped by flow cytometry. Blood and BAL had distinct cytokine profiles (p=0.001). In plasma, concentrations of inflammatory cytokines like IFN-γ (p=0.004) and TNF-α (p=0.004) were elevated during HIV infection, as expected. Conversely, BAL cytokine concentrations were similar in HIV-infected and uninfected individuals, despite high BAL viral loads (VL; median 48,000 copies/ml epithelial lining fluid). HIV-infected individuals had greater numbers of T cells in BAL compared to uninfected individuals (p=0.007); and BAL VL positively associated with CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers (p=0.006 and p=0.0002, respectively) and CXCL10 concentrations (p=0.02). BAL T cells were highly activated in HIV-infected individuals, with nearly 2-3 fold greater frequencies of CD4+CD38+ (1.8-fold; p=0.007), CD4+CD38+HLA-DR+ (1.9-fold; p=0.0006), CD8+CD38+ (2.8-fold; p=0.0006), CD8+HLA-DR+ (2-fold; p=0.022) and CD8+CD38+HLA-DR+ (3.6-fold; p<0.0001) cells compared to HIV-uninfected individuals. Overall, this study demonstrates a clear disruption of the pulmonary immune environment during HIV infection, with readily detectable virus and activated T lymphocytes, which may be driven to accumulate by local chemokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubina Bunjun
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andreia P Soares
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Narjis Thawer
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Tracey L Müller
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Agano Kiravu
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Zekarias Ginbot
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Brandon D Murugan
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Chemical and Systems Biology, Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | | | - Catherine Riou
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Wellcome Centre for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.,Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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11
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Corleis B, Cho JL, Gates SJ, Linder AH, Dickey A, Lisanti-Park AC, Schiff AE, Ghebremichael M, Kohli P, Winkler T, Harris RS, Medoff BD, Kwon DS. Smoking and HIV-1 Infection Promote Retention of CD8+ T Cells in the Airway Mucosa. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 65:513-520. [PMID: 34166603 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2021-0168oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Smoking and HIV-1 infection are risk factors for COPD, which is among the most common comorbid conditions in people living with HIV-1. HIV-1 infection leads to persistent expansion of CD8+ T cells, and CD8+ T cell-mediated inflammation has been implicated in COPD pathogenesis. In this study, we investigated the effects of HIV-1 infection and smoking on T cell dynamics in patients at risk of COPD. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL), endobronchial brushings and blood from HIV-1 infected and uninfected non-smokers and smokers were analyzed by flow cytometry, and lungs were imaged by computed tomography. Chemokines were measured in BAL fluid, and CD8+ T cell chemotaxis in the presence of cigarette smoke extract was assessed in vitro. HIV-1 infection increased CD8+ T cells in the BAL, but this increase was abrogated by smoking. Smokers had reduced BAL levels of the T cell-recruiting chemokines CXCL10 and CCL5, and cigarette smoke extract inhibited CXCL10 and CCL5 production by macrophages and CD8+ T cell transmigration in vitro. In contrast to the BAL, CD8+ T cells in endobronchial brushings were increased in HIV-1 infected smokers, driven by an accumulation of effector memory T cells in the airway mucosa and an increase in tissue resident memory T cells. Mucosal CD8+ T cell numbers inversely correlated with lung aeration, suggesting an association with inflammation and remodeling. HIV-1 infection and smoking lead to retention of CD8+ T cells within the airway mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States.,Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 39023, Institute of Immunology, Greifswald - Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, 12243, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, United States;
| | - Samantha J Gates
- Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Alice H Linder
- Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Amy Dickey
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Abigail E Schiff
- Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
| | | | - Puja Kohli
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Tilo Winkler
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - R Scott Harris
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Massachusetts General Hospital, 2348, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Boston, Massachusetts, United States.,Ragon Institute, 200750, Charlestown, Massachusetts, United States
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12
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Schiff AE, Linder AH, Luhembo SN, Banning S, Deymier MJ, Diefenbach TJ, Dickey AK, Tsibris AM, Balazs AB, Cho JL, Medoff BD, Walzl G, Wilkinson RJ, Burgers WA, Corleis B, Kwon DS. T cell-tropic HIV efficiently infects alveolar macrophages through contact with infected CD4+ T cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3890. [PMID: 33594125 PMCID: PMC7886866 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82066-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alveolar macrophages (AMs) are critical for defense against airborne pathogens and AM dysfunction is thought to contribute to the increased burden of pulmonary infections observed in individuals living with HIV-1 (HIV). While HIV nucleic acids have been detected in AMs early in infection, circulating HIV during acute and chronic infection is usually CCR5 T cell-tropic (T-tropic) and enters macrophages inefficiently in vitro. The mechanism by which T-tropic viruses infect AMs remains unknown. We collected AMs by bronchoscopy performed in HIV-infected, antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive and uninfected subjects. We found that viral constructs made with primary HIV envelope sequences isolated from both AMs and plasma were T-tropic and inefficiently infected macrophages. However, these isolates productively infected macrophages when co-cultured with HIV-infected CD4+ T cells. In addition, we provide evidence that T-tropic HIV is transmitted from infected CD4+ T cells to the AM cytosol. We conclude that AM-derived HIV isolates are T-tropic and can enter macrophages through contact with an infected CD4+ T cell, which results in productive infection of AMs. CD4+ T cell-dependent entry of HIV into AMs helps explain the presence of HIV in AMs despite inefficient cell-free infection, and may contribute to AM dysfunction in people living with HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail E Schiff
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Linder
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Shillah N Luhembo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie Banning
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martin J Deymier
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Thomas J Diefenbach
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Amy K Dickey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Athe M Tsibris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alejandro B Balazs
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Occupational Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gerhard Walzl
- DST-NRF Center of Excellence for Biomedical Tuberculosis Research, South African Medical Research Council Centre for Tuberculosis Research, Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Republic of South Africa
- Department of Infectious Disease, Imperial College London, London, W12 ONN, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, 1 Midland Road, London, NW1 AT, UK
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Wellcome Center for Infectious Diseases Research in Africa and Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, Republic of South Africa
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Republic of South Africa
| | - Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Isle of Riems, Germany.
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
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13
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Kohli P, Kelly VJ, Hibbert KA, Corleis B, Kone M, Cho JL, DeFaria-Yeh D, Kwon DS, Medoff BD, Harris RS, Winkler T. PET Imaging Reveals Early Pulmonary Perfusion Abnormalities in HIV Infection Similar to Smoking. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:405-411. [PMID: 32764123 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.245977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common noninfectious pulmonary disease among people living with HIV, independent of smoking. However, the cause for this enhanced susceptibility remains unclear, and the effects of HIV on pulmonary perfusion and ventilation are unknown. Methods: We used PET/CT in 46 smokers and nonsmokers, 23 of whom had documented HIV infection. Emphysema was assessed by CT and perfusion by 13N (13NN) PET scans. After removal of image noise, vertical and axial gradients in perfusion were calculated. We tested for differences in the total spatial heterogeneity of perfusion (CV2 Qtotal) and its components (CV2 Qtotal = CV2 Qvgrad [vertical gradient] + CV2 Qzgrad [axial gradient] + CV2 Qr [residual heterogeneity]) among groups. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic parameters among groups, and all subjects had minimal radiographic evidence of emphysema. Compared with controls, nonsmokers living with HIV had a significantly greater CV2 Qr/CV2 Qtotal (0.48 vs. 0.36, P = 0.05) and reduced CV2 Qvgrad/CV2 Qtotal (0.46 vs. 0.65, P = 0.038). Smokers also had a reduced CV2 Qvgrad/CV2 Qtotal, however, there was no significant difference in CV2 Qvgrad/CV2 Qtotal between smokers living with and without HIV (0.39 vs. 0.34, P = 0.58), despite a decreased vertical perfusion gradient (Qvgrad) in smokers living with HIV. Conclusion: In nonsmokers living with well-controlled HIV and minimal radiographic emphysema, HIV infection contributes to pulmonary perfusion abnormalities similar to smokers. These data indicate the onset of subclinical pulmonary perfusion abnormalities that could herald the development of significant lung disease in these susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Puja Kohli
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts .,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Vanessa J Kelly
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn A Hibbert
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Björn Corleis
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Mamary Kone
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Doreen DeFaria-Yeh
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts.,Division of Infectious Disease, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; and
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - R Scott Harris
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care at Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tilo Winkler
- Department of Anesthesia, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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14
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Muema DM, Mthembu M, Schiff AE, Singh U, Corleis B, Chen D, Bassett T, Rasehlo SS, Nyamande K, Khan DF, Maharaj P, Mitha M, Suleman M, Mhlane Z, Naidoo T, Ramjit D, Karim F, Kwon DS, Ndung'u T, Wong EB. Contrasting Inflammatory Signatures in Peripheral Blood and Bronchoalveolar Cells Reveal Compartment-Specific Effects of HIV Infection. Front Immunol 2020; 11:864. [PMID: 32508817 PMCID: PMC7248324 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms by which HIV increases susceptibility to tuberculosis and other respiratory infections are incompletely understood. We used transcriptomics of paired whole bronchoalveolar lavage cells (BLCs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells to compare the effect of HIV at the lung mucosal surface and in peripheral blood. The majority of HIV-induced differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were specific to either the peripheral or lung mucosa compartments (1,307/1,404, 93%). Type I interferon signaling was the dominant signature of DEGs in HIV-positive blood but not in HIV-positive BLCs. DEGs in the HIV-positive BLCs were significantly enriched for infiltration with cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. Higher expression of type 1 interferon transcripts in peripheral CD8+ T cells and representative transcripts and proteins in BLCs-derived CD8+ T cells during HIV infection, including IFNG (IFN-gamma), GZMB (Granzyme B), and PDCD1 (PD-1), was confirmed by cell-subset specific transcriptional analysis and flow cytometry. Thus, we report that a whole transcriptomic approach revealed qualitatively distinct effects of HIV in blood and bronchoalveolar compartments. Further work exploring the impact of distinct type I interferon programs and functional features of CD8+ T cells infiltrating the lung mucosa during HIV infection may provide novel insights into HIV-induced susceptibility to respiratory pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel M. Muema
- African Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Maphe Mthembu
- African Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Abigail E. Schiff
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Urisha Singh
- African Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Institute of Immunology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald, Isle of Riems, Germany
| | - Dongquan Chen
- Department of Medicine, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | | | | | - Kennedy Nyamande
- Department of Pulmonology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Dilshaad Fakey Khan
- Department of Pulmonology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Priya Maharaj
- Department of Pulmonology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Mohammed Mitha
- Department of Pulmonology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Moosa Suleman
- Department of Pulmonology, Inkosi Albert Luthuli Central Hospital, Nelson R. Mandela School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Zoey Mhlane
- African Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Taryn Naidoo
- African Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | | | - Farina Karim
- African Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
| | - Douglas S. Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Thumbi Ndung'u
- African Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Emily B. Wong
- African Health Research Institute, Durban, South Africa
- Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
- Division of Infection and Immunity, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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15
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Corleis B, Bucsan AN, Deruaz M, Vrbanac VD, Lisanti-Park AC, Gates SJ, Linder AH, Paer JM, Olson GS, Bowman BA, Schiff AE, Medoff BD, Tager AM, Luster AD, Khader SA, Kaushal D, Kwon DS. HIV-1 and SIV Infection Are Associated with Early Loss of Lung Interstitial CD4+ T Cells and Dissemination of Pulmonary Tuberculosis. Cell Rep 2020; 26:1409-1418.e5. [PMID: 30726727 PMCID: PMC6417097 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung interstitial CD4+ T cells are critical for protection against pulmonary infections, but the fate of this population during HIV-1 infection is not well described. We studied CD4+ T cells in the setting of HIV-1 infection in human lung tissue, humanized mice, and a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) nonhuman primate co-infection model. Infection with a CCR5-tropic strain of HIV-1 or SIV results in severe and rapid loss of lung interstitial CD4+ T cells but not blood or lung alveolar CD4+ T cells. This is accompanied by high HIV-1 production in these cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, during early SIV infection, loss of lung interstitial CD4+ T cells is associated with increased dissemination of pulmonary Mtb infection. We show that lung interstitial CD4+ T cells serve as an efficient target for HIV-1 and SIV infection that leads to their early depletion and an increased risk of disseminated tuberculosis. Corleis et al. show that lung parenchymal CD4+ T cells are permissive to HIV-1-dependent cell death. CD4+ T cell loss is highly significant in the interstitium but not the alveolar space, and loss of interstitial CD4+ T cells is associated with extrapulmonary dissemination of M. tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Allison N Bucsan
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Maud Deruaz
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Vladimir D Vrbanac
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Antonella C Lisanti-Park
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Samantha J Gates
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alice H Linder
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Paer
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gregory S Olson
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brittany A Bowman
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Abigail E Schiff
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew M Tager
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew D Luster
- Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Shabaana A Khader
- Department of Molecular Microbiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Deepak Kaushal
- Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA; Southwest National Primate Research Center, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Olson GS, Moore SW, Richter JM, Garber JJ, Bowman BA, Rawlings CA, Flagg M, Corleis B, Kwon DS. Increased frequency of systemic pro-inflammatory Vδ1 + γδ T cells in HIV elite controllers correlates with gut viral load. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16471. [PMID: 30405182 PMCID: PMC6220338 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34576-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells predominate in the intestinal mucosa and help maintain gut homeostasis and mucosal immunity. Although HIV infection significantly alters these cells, what drives these perturbations is unclear. Growing evidence suggests that impaired intestinal immune function in HIV leads to chronic immune activation and disease progression. This occurs even in HIV controllers - individuals with undetectable HIV viremia without antiretroviral therapy (ART). We show that Vδ1+ cells, a subset of γδ T cells described as being important in intestinal barrier function, increase in frequency in HIV-infected individuals, including HIV controllers. These cells resemble terminally differentiated effector memory cells, producing the pro-inflammatory cytokines IFNγ, TNFα, and MIP-1β upon stimulation. Importantly, pro-inflammatory Vδ1+ cell frequency correlates with levels of HIV RNA in intestinal tissue but not in plasma. This study supports a model in which local viral replication in the gut in HIV controllers disrupts the phenotype and function of Vδ1+ cells, a cell type involved in the maintenance of epithelial barrier integrity, and may thereby contribute to systemic immune activation and HIV disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Olson
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Sarah W Moore
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - James M Richter
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - John J Garber
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Brittany A Bowman
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Crystal A Rawlings
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Meaghan Flagg
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Björn Corleis
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- The Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America.
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17
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Körner C, Simoneau CR, Schommers P, Granoff M, Ziegler M, Hölzemer A, Lunemann S, Chukwukelu J, Corleis B, Naranbhai V, Kwon DS, Scully EP, Jost S, Kirchhoff F, Carrington M, Altfeld M. HIV-1-Mediated Downmodulation of HLA-C Impacts Target Cell Recognition and Antiviral Activity of NK Cells. Cell Host Microbe 2018; 22:111-119.e4. [PMID: 28704647 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
It was widely accepted that HIV-1 downregulates HLA-A/B to avoid CTL recognition while leaving HLA-C unaltered in order to prevent NK cell activation by engaging inhibitory NK cell receptors, but it was recently observed that most primary isolates of HIV-1 can mediate HLA-C downmodulation. Now we report that HIV-1-mediated downmodulation of HLA-C was associated with reduced binding to its respective inhibitory receptors. Despite this, HLA-C-licensed NK cells displayed reduced antiviral activity compared to their unlicensed counterparts, potentially due to residual binding to the respective inhibitory receptors. Nevertheless, NK cells were able to sense alterations of HLA-C expression demonstrated by increased antiviral activity when exposed to viral strains with differential abilities to downmodulate HLA-C. These results suggest that the capability of HLA-C-licensed NK cells to control HIV-1 replication is determined by the strength of KIR/HLA-C interactions and is thus dependent on both host genetics and the extent of virus-mediated HLA-C downregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Körner
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department of Virus Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany.
| | | | - Philipp Schommers
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department of Virus Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; Department I of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, 50937 Cologne, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Cologne, Germany
| | - Mitchell Granoff
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Maja Ziegler
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department of Virus Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angelique Hölzemer
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department of Virus Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg, Germany; I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Lunemann
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department of Virus Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Janet Chukwukelu
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department of Virus Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany; German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Vivek Naranbhai
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Eileen P Scully
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Stephanie Jost
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Center for Virology and Vaccine Research, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Frank Kirchhoff
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Mary Carrington
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Cancer and Inflammation Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Heinrich Pette Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Department of Virus Immunology, 20251 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Dallenga T, Repnik U, Corleis B, Eich J, Reimer R, Griffiths GW, Schaible UE. M. tuberculosis-Induced Necrosis of Infected Neutrophils Promotes Bacterial Growth Following Phagocytosis by Macrophages. Cell Host Microbe 2017; 22:519-530.e3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2017.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 05/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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19
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Corleis B, Lisanti AC, Körner C, Schiff AE, Rosenberg ES, Allen TM, Altfeld M, Kwon DS. Early type I Interferon response induces upregulation of human β-defensin 1 during acute HIV-1 infection. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0173161. [PMID: 28253319 PMCID: PMC5333889 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0173161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV-1 is able to evade innate antiviral responses during acute infection to establish a chronic systemic infection which, in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART), typically progresses to severe immunodeficiency. Understanding these early innate immune responses against HIV-1 and their mechanisms of failure is relevant to the development of interventions to better prevent HIV-1 transmission. Human beta defensins (HBDs) are antibacterial peptides but have recently also been associated with control of viral replication. HBD1 and 2 are expressed in PBMCs as well as intestinal tissue, but their expression in vivo during HIV-1 infection has not been characterized. We demonstrate that during acute HIV-1 infection, HBD1 but not HBD2 is highly upregulated in circulating monocytes but returns to baseline levels during chronic infection. HBD1 expression in monocytes can be induced by HIV-1 in vitro, although direct infection may not entirely account for the increase in HBD1 during acute infection. We provide evidence that HIV-1 triggers antiviral IFN-α responses, which act as a potent inducer of HBD1. Our results show the first characterization of induction of an HBD during acute and chronic viral infection in humans. HBD1 has been reported to have low activity against HIV-1 compared to other defensins, suggesting that in vivo induced defensins may not significantly contribute to the robust early antiviral response against HIV-1. These data provide important insight into the in vivo kinetics of HBD expression, the mechanism of HBD1 induction by HIV-1, and the role of HBDs in the early innate response to HIV-1 during acute infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Antonella C. Lisanti
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Christian Körner
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Abigail E. Schiff
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Eric S. Rosenberg
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Todd M. Allen
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Douglas S. Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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20
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Kleinsteuber K, Corleis B, Rashidi N, Nchinda N, Lisanti A, Cho JL, Medoff BD, Kwon D, Walker BD. Standardization and quality control for high-dimensional mass cytometry studies of human samples. Cytometry A 2016; 89:903-913. [PMID: 27575385 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.22935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Mass cytometry (CyTOF), a mass spectrometry-based single cell phenotyping technology, allows utilization of over 35 antibodies in a single sample and is a promising tool for translational human immunology studies. Although several analysis tools are available to interpret the complex data sets generated, a robust method for standardization and quality control within and across studies is needed. Here we report an efficient and easily adaptable method to monitor quality of individual samples in human immunology studies and to facilitate reproducible data analysis. Samples to be assessed are spiked with a defined amount of reference peripheral blood mononuclear cells from a healthy donor, derived from a single large blood draw. The presence of known standardized numbers and phenotypic profiles of these reference cells greatly facilitates sample analysis by allowing for: 1) quality control for consistent staining of each antibody in the panel, 2) identification of potential batch effects, and 3) implementation of a robust gating strategy. We demonstrate the utility of this method using peripheral blood and bronchoalveolar lavage samples from HIV+ patients by characterizing their CD8+ T-cell phenotypes and cytokine expression, respectively. Our results indicate that this method allows quality control of experimental conditions and results in highly reproducible population frequencies through a robust gating strategy. © 2016 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja Kleinsteuber
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA.,Heinrich-Pette Institute for Experimental Virology, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Narges Rashidi
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nzuekoh Nchinda
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA
| | - Antonella Lisanti
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Josalyn L Cho
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Benjamin D Medoff
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.,Center for Immunology and Inflammatory Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Douglas Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bruce D Walker
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT, and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA. .,Howard Hughes Medical Institute (HHMI) Chevy Chase, Maryland, USA. .,Infectious Disease Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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21
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Riou C, Strickland N, Soares AP, Corleis B, Kwon DS, Wherry EJ, Wilkinson RJ, Burgers WA. HIV Skews the Lineage-Defining Transcriptional Profile of Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Specific CD4+ T Cells. J Immunol 2016; 196:3006-18. [PMID: 26927799 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
HIV-infected persons are at greater risk of developing tuberculosis (TB) even before profound CD4 loss occurs, suggesting that HIV alters CD4(+) T cell functions capable of containing bacterial replication. An effective immune response to Mycobacterium tuberculosis most likely relies on the development of a balanced CD4 response, in which distinct CD4(+) Th subsets act in synergy to control the infection. To define the diversity of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) Th subsets and determine whether HIV infection impacts such responses, the expression of lineage-defining transcription factors T-bet, Gata3, RORγt, and Foxp3 was measured in M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T cells in HIV-uninfected (n = 20) and HIV-infected individuals (n = 20) with latent TB infection. Our results show that, upon 5-d restimulation in vitro, M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T cells from healthy individuals have the ability to exhibit a broad spectrum of Th subsets, defined by specific patterns of transcription factor coexpression. These transcription factor profiles were skewed in HIV-infected individuals where the proportion of T-bet(high)Foxp3(+) M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) T cells was significantly decreased (p = 0.002) compared with HIV-uninfected individuals, a change that correlated inversely with HIV viral load (p = 0.0007) and plasma TNF-α (p = 0.027). Our data demonstrate an important balance in Th subset diversity defined by lineage-defining transcription factor coexpression profiles that is disrupted by HIV infection and suggest a role for HIV in impairing TB immunity by altering the equilibrium of M. tuberculosis-specific CD4(+) Th subsets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Riou
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa;
| | - Natalie Strickland
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Andreia P Soares
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Björn Corleis
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02139
| | - Douglas S Kwon
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA 02139; Division of Infectious Diseases, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02139
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Robert J Wilkinson
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W21 PG, United Kingdom; Francis Crick Institute Mill Hill Laboratory, London NW7 1AA, United Kingdom; and Clinical Infectious Diseases Research Initiative, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Wendy A Burgers
- Division of Medical Virology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, University of Cape Town, 7925, Cape Town, South Africa
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22
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Abstract
Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) are professional phagocytes and the first line of defense against invading microbes. Upon infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis, PMN are attracted to the site of infection along an interleukin 8 gradient. In patients with active tuberculosis, PMN comprise the predominant population in the lung and carry the main mycobacterial load suggesting a minor role for PMN in protective host defense against M. tuberculosis but rather in pathology. Therefore, better understanding of PMN biology in tuberculosis is of pivotal importance to develop novel immune modulating measures and host directed therapies. Virulent M. tuberculosis escape the otherwise microbicidal armamentarium of PMNs by inducing necrotic cell death through the PMN's own reactive oxygen species. Studying the interactions between PMN and different M. tuberculosis strains, and virulence factors thereof, is vital to comprehend tuberculosis pathogenesis. Working with PMN is challenging as these cells are non-adherent, motile and-with a half-life of 6-12 h in vitro-rather short-lived. Here, we provide an isolation and infection protocol that is tailored to study mycobacterial infection in human PMN regarding the intracellular fate of mycobacteria and host cell responses, such as cell death and release of microbicidal effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Dallenga
- Cellular Microbiology, Priority Area Infections, Research Center Borstel, Parkallee 1-40, 23845, Borstel, Germany
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23
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Corleis B, Gostic WG, Johnson JA, Kwon DS. Human intestinal beta defensins inhibit viral replication and are diminished in chronic untreated HIV infection. Retrovirology 2012. [PMCID: PMC3441618 DOI: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-s2-p202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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24
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Corleis B, Korbel D, Wilson R, Bylund J, Chee R, Schaible UE. Escape of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from oxidative killing by neutrophils. Cell Microbiol 2012; 14:1109-21. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1462-5822.2012.01783.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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25
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Keenan RA, De Riva A, Corleis B, Hepburn L, Licence S, Winkler TH, Mårtensson IL. Censoring of Autoreactive B Cell Development by the Pre-B Cell Receptor. Science 2008; 321:696-9. [PMID: 18566249 DOI: 10.1126/science.1157533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca A Keenan
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
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