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Xu K, Gao H, Li Y, Jin Y, Zhao R, Huang Y. Synthetic Peptides with Genetic-Codon-Tailored Affinity for Assembling Tetraspanin CD81 at Cell Interfaces and Inhibiting Cancer Metastasis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202400129. [PMID: 38409630 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202400129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Probing biomolecular interactions at cellular interfaces is crucial for understanding and interfering with life processes. Although affinity binders with site specificity for membrane proteins are unparalleled molecular tools, a high demand remains for novel multi-functional ligands. In this study, a synthetic peptide (APQQ) with tight and specific binding to the untargeted extracellular loop of CD81 evolved from a genetically encoded peptide pool. With tailored affinity, APQQ flexibly accesses, site-specifically binds, and forms a complex with CD81, enabling in-situ tracking of the dynamics and activity of this protein in living cells, which has rarely been explored because of the lack of ligands. Furthermore, APQQ triggers the relocalization of CD81 from diffuse to densely clustered at cell junctions and modulates the interplay of membrane proteins at cellular interfaces. Motivated by these, efficient suppression of cancer cell migration, and inhibition of breast cancer metastasis were achieved in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Han Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yongming Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yulong Jin
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Huang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, CAS Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Living Biosystems, CAS Research/Education Center for Excellence in Molecular Sciences, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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2
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Sözmen A, Arslan-Yildiz A. Utilizing Magnetic Levitation to Detect Lung Cancer-Associated Exosomes. ACS Sens 2024; 9:2043-2049. [PMID: 38520356 PMCID: PMC11059084 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.4c00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, especially exosomes, have attracted attention in the last few decades as novel cancer biomarkers. Exosomal membrane proteins provide easy-to-reach targets and can be utilized as information sources of their parent cells. In this study, a MagLev-based, highly sensitive, and versatile biosensor platform for detecting minor differences in the density of suspended objects is proposed for exosome detection. The developed platform utilizes antibody-functionalized microspheres to capture exosomal membrane proteins (ExoMPs) EpCAM, CD81, and CD151 as markers for cancerous exosomes, exosomes, and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)-derived exosomes, respectively. Initially, the platform was utilized for protein detection and quantification by targeting solubilized ExoMPs, and a dynamic range of 1-100 nM, with LoD values of 1.324, 0.638, and 0.722 nM for EpCAM, CD81, and CD151, were observed, respectively. Then, the sensor platform was tested using exosome isolates derived from NSCLC cell line A549 and MRC5 healthy lung fibroblast cell line. It was shown that the sensor platform is able to detect and differentiate exosomal biomarkers derived from cancerous and non-cancerous cell lines. Overall, this innovative, simple, and rapid method shows great potential for the early diagnosis of lung cancer through exosomal biomarker detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper
Baran Sözmen
- Bioengineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ahu Arslan-Yildiz
- Bioengineering Department, Izmir Institute of Technology, 35430 Izmir, Turkey
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3
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Bunz M, Eisele M, Hu D, Ritter M, Kammerloher J, Lampl S, Schindler M. CD81 suppresses NF-κB signaling and is downregulated in hepatitis C virus expressing cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2024; 14:1338606. [PMID: 38357447 PMCID: PMC10864554 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2024.1338606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanin CD81 is one of the main entry receptors for Hepatitis C virus, which is a major causative agent to develop liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we identify CD81 as one of few surface proteins that are downregulated in HCV expressing hepatoma cells, discovering a functional role of CD81 beyond mediating HCV entry. CD81 was downregulated at the mRNA level in hepatoma cells that replicate HCV. Kinetics of HCV expression were increased in CD81-knockout cells and accompanied by enhanced cellular growth. Furthermore, loss of CD81 compensated for inhibition of pro-survival TBK1-signaling in HCV expressing cells. Analysis of functional phenotypes that could be associated with pro-survival signaling revealed that CD81 is a negative regulator of NF-κB. Interaction of the NF-κB subunits p50 and p65 was increased in cells lacking CD81. Similarly, we witnessed an overall increase in the total levels of phosphorylated and cellular p65 upon CD81-knockout in hepatoma cells. Finally, translocation of p65 in CD81-negative hepatoma cells was markedly induced upon stimulation with TNFα or PMA. Altogether, CD81 emerges as a regulator of pro-survival NF-κB signaling. Considering the important and established role of NF-κB for HCV replication and tumorigenesis, the downregulation of CD81 by HCV and the associated increase in NF-κB signaling might be relevant for viral persistence and chronic infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Bunz
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Mona Eisele
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Dan Hu
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Ritter
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Julia Kammerloher
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Sandra Lampl
- Institute of Virology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Schindler
- Institute for Medical Virology and Epidemiology of Viral Diseases, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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4
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Ye X, Deng J, Dong C, Pan X, Lu Y. Characterization and verification of CD81 as a potential target in lung squamous cell carcinoma. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 692:149344. [PMID: 38070275 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2023.149344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
CD81 is a cell surface transmembrane protein of the tetraspanin family, which critically regulates signal transduction and immune response. Growing evidence has shown that CD81 plays important roles in tumorigenesis and influences immunotherapy response. Here, combining bio-informatics and functional analysis, we find that CD81 is a risk factor in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), whereas a protective factor in lung adenocarcinoma. In LUSC with high expression of CD81, the autophagy and JAK-STAT signaling pathway are activated. Meanwhile, the expression level of CD81 is negatively correlated with tumor mutational load (TMB), microsatellite instability (MSI), and neoantigen (NEO). Furthermore, patients with LUSC and high expression of CD81 do not respond to immunotherapy drugs, but can respond to chemotherapy drugs. Importantly, depletion of CD81 suppresses the proliferation of LUSC cell, and enhances the sensitivity to cisplatin. Our findings suggest that CD81 represents a potential target for cisplatin-based chemotherapy in patients with LUSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xifu Ye
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyuan Deng
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyuan Dong
- Medical College, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan, AnHui, China
| | - Xue Pan
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
| | - Yi Lu
- Tongji University Cancer Center, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Jovanovic E, Babic T, Dragicevic S, Kmezic S, Nikolic A. Transcript CD81-215 may be a long noncoding RNA of stromal origin with tumor-promoting role in colon cancer. Cell Biochem Funct 2023; 41:1503-1513. [PMID: 38014564 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
The role of tetraspanin CD81 in malignant transformation is best studied in colorectal cancer, and it appears that other transcripts beside the fully coding mRNA may also be dysregulated in malignant cells. Recent data from a comprehensive pan-cancer transcriptome analysis demonstrated differential activity of two alternative CD81 gene promoters in malignant versus nonmalignant gut mucosa. The promoter active in gut mucosa gives rise to transcripts CD81-203 and CD81-213, while the promoter active in colon and rectal cancer gives rise to transcripts CD81-205 and CD81-215. Our study aimed to explore the biomarker potential of the transcripts from the alternative CD81 gene promoters in colon cancer, as well as to investigate their structure and potential function using in silico tools. The analysis of the transcripts' expression in several colon cell lines cultivated in 2D and 3D and a set of colon cancer and healthy gut mucosa samples by qPCR and RNA sequencing suggested their low expression and stromal origin. Expression patterns in tumor and nontumor tissue along with in silico data suppose that the transcript CD81-215 may be a noncoding RNA of stromal origin with possible involvement in signaling related to malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilija Jovanovic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Tamara Babic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sandra Dragicevic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Stefan Kmezic
- Clinic for Digestive Surgery, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Nikolic
- Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Carriquí-Madroñal B, Sheldon J, Duven M, Stegmann C, Cirksena K, Wyler E, Zapatero-Belinchón FJ, Vondran FWR, Gerold G. The matrix metalloproteinase ADAM10 supports hepatitis C virus entry and cell-to-cell spread via its sheddase activity. PLoS Pathog 2023; 19:e1011759. [PMID: 37967063 PMCID: PMC10650992 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1011759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) exploits the four entry factors CD81, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI, also known as SCARB1), occludin, and claudin-1 as well as the co-factor epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) to infect human hepatocytes. Here, we report that the disintegrin and matrix metalloproteinase 10 (ADAM10) associates with CD81, SR-BI, and EGFR and acts as HCV host factor. Pharmacological inhibition, siRNA-mediated silencing and genetic ablation of ADAM10 reduced HCV infection. ADAM10 was dispensable for HCV replication but supported HCV entry and cell-to-cell spread. Substrates of the ADAM10 sheddase including epidermal growth factor (EGF) and E-cadherin, which activate EGFR family members, rescued HCV infection of ADAM10 knockout cells. ADAM10 did not influence infection with other enveloped RNA viruses such as alphaviruses and a common cold coronavirus. Collectively, our study reveals a critical role for the sheddase ADAM10 as a HCV host factor, contributing to EGFR family member transactivation and as a consequence to HCV uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belén Carriquí-Madroñal
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Julie Sheldon
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
| | - Mara Duven
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Cora Stegmann
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Karsten Cirksena
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
| | - Emanuel Wyler
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association (MDC), Berlin Institute for Medical Systems Biology (BIMSB), Berlin, Germany
| | - Francisco J. Zapatero-Belinchón
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Florian W. R. Vondran
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, Regenerative Medicine and Experimental Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research Partner Site Hannover-Braunschweig Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Biochemistry & Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses (RIZ), University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hanover, Germany
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hanover, Germany
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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7
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Dai Z, Zeng W, Li G, Shu X. A Conserved Domain of HCV E2 Glycoprotein Interacts with Human CD81 and Induces Interferon-Gamma Secretion from Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells. FRONT BIOSCI-LANDMRK 2023; 28:239. [PMID: 37919063 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2810239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a global health threat to the public, and vaccines against it are not yet available. The HCV envelope glycoprotein E2 is a key target for anti-HCV vaccines. The majority of previous studies have focused on the hypervariable region and the glycosylation sites of the_HCV structural protein. This study aims to investigate a conserved domain of HCV E2 glycoprotein and explore its potential to induce an immune response against HCV. METHODS HCV E2 conserved domain (encompassing amino acids 505-702) was prepared in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated from patients with HCV or healthy controls. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay was conducted to examine the HCV E2-specific immune response as reflected by IFN-γ-secreting cells/106 PBMCs. RESULTS HCV E2 conserved domain was highly conserved among 25 HCV subtypes, and its recombinant soluble production in E. coli was recognized by anti-HCV E2 monoclonal antibodies. This study characterized in vitro direct interaction between bacterially expressed HCV E2 conserved domain and human CD81 (hCD81). Furthermore, the recombinant HCV E2_conserved domain markedly induced the production of IFN-γ by PBMCs from patients with HCV. Its stimulated specific immune response was significantly different from non-specific peptide controls or PBMCs isolated from healthy controls. CONCLUSIONS HCV E2 conserved domain directly binds hCD81 and activates the production of IFN-γ in the PBMCs of patients with HCV. Therefore, the conserved domain of HCV E2 glycoprotein may be a new candidate for developing an HCV vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyan Dai
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Jiaotong University, The Third People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chongqing Medical University, 610031 Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Infectious diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen university, 510630 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin Shu
- Department of Infectious diseases, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen university, 510630 Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Fan Y, Pionneau C, Cocozza F, Boëlle P, Chardonnet S, Charrin S, Théry C, Zimmermann P, Rubinstein E. Differential proteomics argues against a general role for CD9, CD81 or CD63 in the sorting of proteins into extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12352. [PMID: 37525398 PMCID: PMC10390663 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The tetraspanins CD9, CD81 and CD63 are major components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Yet, their impact on EV composition remains under-investigated. In the MCF7 breast cancer cell line CD63 was as expected predominantly intracellular. In contrast CD9 and CD81 strongly colocalized at the plasma membrane, albeit with different ratios at different sites, which may explain a higher enrichment of CD81 in EVs. Absence of these tetraspanins had little impact on the EV protein composition as analysed by quantitative mass spectrometry. We also analysed the effect of concomitant knock-out of CD9 and CD81 because these two tetraspanins play similar roles in several cellular processes and associate directly with two Ig domain proteins, CD9P-1/EWI-F/PTGFRN and EWI-2/IGSF8. These were the sole proteins significantly decreased in the EVs of double CD9- and CD81-deficient cells. In the case of EWI-2, this is primarily a consequence of a decreased cell expression level. In conclusion, this study shows that CD9, CD81 and CD63, commonly used as EV protein markers, play a marginal role in determining the protein composition of EVs released by MCF7 cells and highlights a regulation of the expression level and/or trafficking of CD9P-1 and EWI-2 by CD9 and CD81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yé Fan
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesSorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Cédric Pionneau
- UMS Production et Analyse des données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASSPlateforme Post‐génomique de la Pitié‐Salpêtrière, P3SSorbonne Université, InsermParisFrance
| | - Federico Cocozza
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie Centre de RecherchePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
| | - Pierre‐Yves Boëlle
- Institut Pierre Louis d’Épidémiologie et de Santé PubliqueSorbonne Université, InsermParisFrance
| | - Solenne Chardonnet
- UMS Production et Analyse des données en Sciences de la vie et en Santé, PASSPlateforme Post‐génomique de la Pitié‐Salpêtrière, P3SSorbonne Université, InsermParisFrance
| | - Stéphanie Charrin
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesSorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
| | - Clotilde Théry
- Inserm U932, Institut Curie Centre de RecherchePSL Research UniversityParisFrance
- CurieCoretech Extracellular VesiclesInstitut Curie Centre de RechercheParisFrance
| | - Pascale Zimmermann
- Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Marseille (CRCM)Institut Paoli‐Calmettes, Aix‐Marseille Université, Inserm, CNRSMarseilleFrance
- Department of Human GeneticsKatholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven)LeuvenBelgium
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies InfectieusesSorbonne Université, Inserm, CNRSParisFrance
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Okada-Tsuchioka M, Kajitani N, Omori W, Kurashige T, Boku S, Takebayashi M. Tetraspanin heterogeneity of small extracellular vesicles in human biofluids and brain tissue. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 627:146-151. [PMID: 36037746 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are particles released from most cell types delimited by a lipid bilayer. Small EVs (sEVs) are nanosized (<200 nm) and include exosomes. Brain-derived sEVs may provide a source for new biomarkers of brain status. CD9, CD63, and CD81 are major members of the tetraspanin family frequently used as sEV markers. However, according to a recent report, tetraspanins were not equally expressed in all sEVs, but rather show heterogeneity that reflects the expression levels in their secretory cells. We therefore investigated tetraspanin heterogeneity of sEVs in biofluids commonly used for clinical laboratory tests, and those in the brain. Expression levels and distributions of CD9, CD63 and CD81 on sEVs were determined in serum, plasma, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples collected from each healthy donor, and in post-mortem brain tissue samples. We found heterogeneous mixes of sEVs with various tetraspanin combinations among sEVs, and the predominant types and heterogeneous patterns of tetraspanins were specific to sample type. Hierarchical clustering revealed that brain sEVs were similar to those in the CSF, but different from those in peripheral blood. Our findings both provide basic information and contribute to the development of biomarkers for neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Okada-Tsuchioka
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan.
| | - Naoto Kajitani
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Wataru Omori
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan; Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, 1-2-3 Kasumi, Minami-ku, Hiroshima, 734-8551, Japan
| | - Takashi Kurashige
- Department of Neurology, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan
| | - Shuken Boku
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
| | - Minoru Takebayashi
- Division of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Institute for Clinical Research, National Hospital Organization Kure Medical Center and Chugoku Cancer Center, 3-1 Aoyama, Kure, 737-0023, Japan; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kumamoto University, 1-1-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, 860-8556, Japan
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10
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Vogt S, Bobbili MR, Stadlmayr G, Stadlbauer K, Kjems J, Rüker F, Grillari J, Wozniak‐Knopp G. An engineered CD81-based combinatorial library for selecting recombinant binders to cell surface proteins: Laminin binding CD81 enhances cellular uptake of extracellular vesicles. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12139. [PMID: 34514736 PMCID: PMC8435527 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The research of extracellular vesicles (EVs) has boomed in the last decade, with the promise of them functioning as target-directed drug delivery vehicles, able to modulate proliferation, migration, differentiation, and other properties of the recipient cell that are vital for health of the host organism. To enhance the ability of their targeted delivery, we employed an intrinsically overrepresented protein, CD81, to serve for recognition of the desired target antigen. Yeast libraries displaying mutant variants of the large extracellular loop of CD81 have been selected for binders to human placental laminin as an example target. Their specific interaction with laminin was confirmed in a mammalian display system. Derived sequences were reformatted to full-length CD81 and expressed in EVs produced by HeLa cells. These EVs were examined for the presence of the recombinant protein and were shown to exhibit an enhanced uptake into laminin-secreting mammalian cell lines. For the best candidate, the specificity of antigen interaction was demonstrated with a competition experiment. To our knowledge, this is the first example of harnessing an EV membrane protein as mediator of de novo target antigen recognition via in vitro molecular evolution, opening horizons to a broad range of applications in various therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Vogt
- acib GmbH (Austrian Centre of Industrial Biotechnology)GrazAustria
- Department of BiotechnologyInstitute of Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Madhusudhan Reddy Bobbili
- Department of BiotechnologyInstitute of Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research CenterViennaAustria
| | - Gerhard Stadlmayr
- Department of BiotechnologyChristian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative ImmunotherapeuticsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Katharina Stadlbauer
- Department of BiotechnologyChristian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative ImmunotherapeuticsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Jørgen Kjems
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsCentre for Cellular Signal Patterns (CellPat)Interdisciplinary Nanoscience Centre (iNANO)Aarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Florian Rüker
- Department of BiotechnologyInstitute of Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
| | - Johannes Grillari
- Department of BiotechnologyInstitute of Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology in the AUVA Research CenterViennaAustria
| | - Gordana Wozniak‐Knopp
- Department of BiotechnologyInstitute of Molecular BiotechnologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
- Department of BiotechnologyChristian Doppler Laboratory for Innovative ImmunotherapeuticsUniversity of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU)ViennaAustria
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11
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Ning B, Huang Z, Youngquist BM, Scott JW, Niu A, Bojanowski CM, Zwezdaryk KJ, Saba NS, Fan J, Yin XM, Cao J, Lyon CJ, Li CZ, Roy CJ, Hu TY. Liposome-mediated detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-positive extracellular vesicles in plasma. Nat Nanotechnol 2021; 16:1039-1044. [PMID: 34294909 PMCID: PMC8440422 DOI: 10.1038/s41565-021-00939-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plasma SARS-CoV-2 RNA may represent a viable diagnostic alternative to respiratory RNA levels, which rapidly decline after infection. Quantitative PCR with reverse transcription (RT-qPCR) reference assays exhibit poor performance with plasma, probably reflecting the dilution and degradation of viral RNA released into the circulation, but these issues could be addressed by analysing viral RNA packaged into extracellular vesicles. Here we describe an assay approach in which extracellular vesicles directly captured from plasma are fused with reagent-loaded liposomes to sensitively amplify and detect a SARS-CoV-2 gene target. This approach accurately identified patients with COVID-19, including challenging cases missed by RT-qPCR. SARS-CoV-2-positive extracellular vesicles were detected at day 1 post-infection, and plateaued from day 6 to the day 28 endpoint in a non-human primate model, while signal durations for 20-60 days were observed in young children. This nanotechnology approach uses a non-infectious sample and extends virus detection windows, offering a tool to support COVID-19 diagnosis in patients without SARS-CoV-2 RNA detectable in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ning
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
| | - Zhen Huang
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Brady M Youngquist
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - John W Scott
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Alex Niu
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Christine M Bojanowski
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kevin J Zwezdaryk
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Nakhle S Saba
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jia Fan
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiao-Ming Yin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Christopher J Lyon
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chen-Zhong Li
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Chad J Roy
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Division of Microbiology, Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, LA, USA
| | - Tony Y Hu
- Center for Cellular and Molecular Diagnostics, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA.
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12
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Salinno C, Büttner M, Cota P, Tritschler S, Tarquis-Medina M, Bastidas-Ponce A, Scheibner K, Burtscher I, Böttcher A, Theis FJ, Bakhti M, Lickert H. CD81 marks immature and dedifferentiated pancreatic β-cells. Mol Metab 2021; 49:101188. [PMID: 33582383 PMCID: PMC7932895 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Islets of Langerhans contain heterogeneous populations of insulin-producing β-cells. Surface markers and respective antibodies for isolation, tracking, and analysis are urgently needed to study β-cell heterogeneity and explore the mechanisms to harness the regenerative potential of immature β-cells. METHODS We performed single-cell mRNA profiling of early postnatal mouse islets and re-analyzed several single-cell mRNA sequencing datasets from mouse and human pancreas and islets. We used mouse primary islets, iPSC-derived endocrine cells, Min6 insulinoma, and human EndoC-βH1 β-cell lines and performed FAC sorting, Western blotting, and imaging to support and complement the findings from the data analyses. RESULTS We found that all endocrine cell types expressed the cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81) during pancreas development, but the expression levels of this protein were gradually reduced in β-cells during postnatal maturation. Single-cell gene expression profiling and high-resolution imaging revealed an immature signature of β-cells expressing high levels of CD81 (CD81high) compared to a more mature population expressing no or low levels of this protein (CD81low/-). Analysis of β-cells from different diabetic mouse models and in vitro β-cell stress assays indicated an upregulation of CD81 expression levels in stressed and dedifferentiated β-cells. Similarly, CD81 was upregulated and marked stressed human β-cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS We identified CD81 as a novel surface marker that labels immature, stressed, and dedifferentiated β-cells in the adult mouse and human islets. This novel surface marker will allow us to better study β-cell heterogeneity in healthy subjects and diabetes progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciro Salinno
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Maren Büttner
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Perla Cota
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Sophie Tritschler
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Marta Tarquis-Medina
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, 81675, München, Germany
| | - Aimée Bastidas-Ponce
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Katharina Scheibner
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Ingo Burtscher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Anika Böttcher
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technical University of Munich, Department of Mathematics, 85748, Munich, Germany
| | - Mostafa Bakhti
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Heiko Lickert
- Institute of Diabetes and Regeneration Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), D-85764, Neuherberg, Germany; Technische Universität München, School of Medicine, 81675, München, Germany.
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13
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Vences-Catalán F, Rajapaksa R, Kuo CC, Miller CL, Lee A, Ramani VC, Jeffrey SS, Levy R, Levy S. Targeting the tetraspanin CD81 reduces cancer invasion and metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2018961118. [PMID: 34099563 PMCID: PMC8214710 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2018961118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tetraspanins are an evolutionary conserved family of proteins involved in multiple aspects of cell physiology, including proliferation, migration and invasion, protein trafficking, and signal transduction; yet their detailed mechanism of action is unknown. Tetraspanins have no known natural ligands, but their engagement by antibodies has begun to reveal their role in cell biology. Studies of tetraspanin knockout mice and of germline mutations in humans have highlighted their role under normal and pathological conditions. Previously, we have shown that mice deficient in the tetraspanin CD81 developed fewer breast cancer metastases compared to their wild-type (WT) counterparts. Here, we show that a unique anti-human CD81 antibody (5A6) effectively halts invasion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cell lines. We demonstrate that 5A6 induces CD81 clustering at the cell membrane and we implicate JAM-A protein in the ability of this antibody to inhibit tumor cell invasion and migration. Furthermore, in a series of in vivo studies we demonstrate that this antibody inhibits metastases in xenograft models, as well as in syngeneic mice bearing a mouse tumor into which we knocked in the human CD81 epitope recognized by the 5A6 antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Vences-Catalán
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ranjani Rajapaksa
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Chiung-Chi Kuo
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Caitlyn L Miller
- Department of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Anderson Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Vishnu C Ramani
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Stefanie S Jeffrey
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305
| | - Ronald Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; s
| | - Shoshana Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305; s
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14
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Torres-Gómez Á, Cardeñes B, Díez-Sainz E, Lafuente EM, Cabañas C. Functional Integrin Regulation Through Interactions with Tetraspanin CD9. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2217:47-56. [PMID: 33215376 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0962-0_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrins are adhesion receptors that mediate many intercellular and cell-extracellular matrix interactions with relevance in physiology and pathology. Unlike other cellular receptors, integrins critically require activation for ligand binding. Through interaction in cis with other molecules and the formation of tetraspanin-enriched membrane microdomains (TEMs), the tetraspanin CD9 regulates integrin activity and avidity. Here we present three techniques used to study CD9-integrin interactions and integrin activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Torres-Gómez
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria i+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Cardeñes
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ester Díez-Sainz
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther M Lafuente
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria i+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Cabañas
- Department of Immunology, Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria i+12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa (CSIC-UAM), Madrid, Spain.
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15
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Zhu Z, Shen Y, Chen Y, Shi H, Shi Y. The exosome of platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1) protein: A potential risking star in high blood pressure patients (HBPP). Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e21370. [PMID: 33530152 PMCID: PMC7850734 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000021370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that exosomes were involved in important physiological and pathological processes through cell-to-cell communication in cardiovascular disease, which contained nucleic acids, proteins, and lipid contents. In our study, we found that the protein platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM1) was an extracellular vesicle in the blood of high blood pressure patients (HBPP).Isolated the vesicles from the blood of HBPP and health examiners and detected its size and morphology with nanoparticle tracking analysis, then we identified its surface protein CD63, CD81, and the protein expression of PECAM1 in the exosome with western blot. Furthermore, we analyzed the correlation between the expression of PECAM1 and the high blood degree with linear regression analysis.Our results showed that the morphology of extracellular vesicles was more evident in high blood pressure groups than healthy controls, and the protein expression of PECAM1 was also abundant in the vesicles of HBPP, however, there were no extracellular vesicles in the blood samples of healthy controls. Besides, linear regression showed the linear correlation coefficient R = 0.901, P < .01 between the expression of PECAM1 and the systolic blood pressure of the high blood patients. Therefore, the exosome of protein of PECAM1 was a potential risking star in HBPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhidong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, North Hospital of Huashan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
| | | | | | - Haiming Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Huashan Sub-Hospital of Fudan University
| | - Yun Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kong Jiang Hospital of Yangpu District, Shuangyang Road, Shanghai, China
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16
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Palor M, Stejskal L, Mandal P, Lenman A, Alberione MP, Kirui J, Moeller R, Ebner S, Meissner F, Gerold G, Shepherd AJ, Grove J. Cholesterol sensing by CD81 is important for hepatitis C virus entry. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:16931-16948. [PMID: 32900848 PMCID: PMC7863897 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
CD81 plays a central role in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Recent structural analysis of CD81 indicates that it contains an intramembrane cholesterol-binding pocket and that interaction with cholesterol may regulate a conformational switch in the large extracellular domain of CD81. Therefore, CD81 possesses a potential cholesterol-sensing mechanism; however, its relevance for protein function is thus far unknown. In this study we investigate CD81 cholesterol sensing in the context of its activity as a receptor for hepatitis C virus (HCV). Structure-led mutagenesis of the cholesterol-binding pocket reduced CD81-cholesterol association but had disparate effects on HCV entry, both reducing and enhancing CD81 receptor activity. We reasoned that this could be explained by alterations in the consequences of cholesterol binding. To investigate this further we performed molecular dynamic simulations of CD81 with and without cholesterol; this identified a potential allosteric mechanism by which cholesterol binding regulates the conformation of CD81. To test this, we designed further mutations to force CD81 into either the open (cholesterol-unbound) or closed (cholesterol-bound) conformation. The open mutant of CD81 exhibited reduced HCV receptor activity, whereas the closed mutant enhanced activity. These data are consistent with cholesterol sensing switching CD81 between a receptor active and inactive state. CD81 interactome analysis also suggests that conformational switching may modulate the assembly of CD81-partner protein networks. This work furthers our understanding of the molecular mechanism of CD81 cholesterol sensing, how this relates to HCV entry, and CD81's function as a molecular scaffold; these insights are relevant to CD81's varied roles in both health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Machaela Palor
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Lenka Stejskal
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Piya Mandal
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Annasara Lenman
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - María Pía Alberione
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jared Kirui
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Moeller
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Ebner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Felix Meissner
- Experimental Systems Immunology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany; Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Systems Immunology and Proteomics, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology & Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden; Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Hannover, Germany; Department of Physiological Chemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian J Shepherd
- Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Grove
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, Division of Infection and Immunity, University College, London, United Kingdom.
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17
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Lu C, Feng Y, Sun X, Li N, Kuang D, Wang W, Tong P, Han Y, Xia X, Dai J. Tree shrew bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells express CD81, OCLN, and miR-122, facilitating the entire hepatitis C virus life cycle. J Med Virol 2020; 92:3465-3474. [PMID: 32056224 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major cause of chronic liver disease and associated cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. At present, there is no prophylactic vaccine against HCV due to the lack of in vivo and in vitro model systems. Although most recombinants of all major HCV genotypes replicate in Huh-7 cell line and derivatives, these cells are human hepatoma-derived cell line. Therefore, the development of un-tumor-derived cell systems facilitating the entire HCV life cycle is urgently needed. In this study, we aimed to establish a novel tree shrew-derived bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell (BM-MSC) system to reconstruct the HCV life cycle. We transduction cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81), occludin (OCLN), and microRNA-122 (miR-122) into BM-MSCs, then used a well-established HCV, produced from the J6/JFH1-Huh7.5.1 culture system, to infect the cells. We observed that BM-MSCs transduction with CD81/OCLN or CD81/OCLN/miR-122 support HCV RNA replication and infectious virus production. We also found that the addition of exogenous vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) can enhance HCV infectivity in BM-MSCs, with HCV virus load up to 105 copies/mL. In conclusion, we identified the minimum essential factors required for HCV replication in tree shrew-derived nonhuman nonhepatic BM-MSCs. Further, we identified that exogenous addition of VEGF, and exogenous expression of CD81, OCLN, and miR-122, facilitates efficient viral replication and production of infectious particles. Our results describe a novel cell system capable of supporting the entire HCV life cycle, which may provide an essential tool for anti-HCV drug discovery, vaccine development, and study of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caixia Lu
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
| | - Yue Feng
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaomei Sun
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
| | - Na Li
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Dexuan Kuang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
| | - Wenguang Wang
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Pinfen Tong
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanyuan Han
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
| | - Xueshan Xia
- Yunnan Provincial Center for Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Life Science and Technology, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Jiejie Dai
- Center of Tree Shrew Germplasm Resources, Institute of Medical Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Vaccine Research and Development on Severe Infectious Diseases, Kunming, China
- Yunnan Innovation Team of Standardization and Application Research in Tree Shrew, Kunming, China
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18
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Alberione MP, Moeller R, Kirui J, Ginkel C, Doepke M, Ströh LJ, Machtens JP, Pietschmann T, Gerold G. Single-nucleotide variants in human CD81 influence hepatitis C virus infection of hepatoma cells. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:499-514. [PMID: 32322956 PMCID: PMC7176029 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00675-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
An estimated number of 71 million people are living with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection worldwide and 400,000 annual deaths are related to the infection. HCV entry into the hepatocytes is complex and involves several host factors. The tetraspanin human CD81 (hCD81) is one of the four essential entry factors and is composed of one large extracellular loop, one small extracellular loop, four transmembrane domains, one intracellular loop and two intracellular tails. The large extracellular loop interacts with the E2 glycoprotein of HCV. Regions outside the large extracellular loop (backbone) of hCD81 have a critical role in post-binding entry steps and determine susceptibility of hepatocytes to HCV. Here, we investigated the effect of five non-synonymous single-nucleotide variants in the backbone of hCD81 on HCV susceptibility. We generated cell lines that stably express the hCD81 variants and infected the cells using HCV pseudoparticles and cell culture-derived HCV. Our results show that all the tested hCD81 variants support HCV pseudoparticle entry with similar efficiency as wild-type hCD81. In contrast, variants A54V, V211M and M220I are less supportive to cell culture-derived HCV infection. This altered susceptibility is HCV genotype dependent and specifically affected the cell entry step. Our findings identify three hCD81 genetic variants that are impaired in their function as HCV host factors for specific viral genotypes. This study provides additional evidence that genetic host variation contributes to inter-individual differences in HCV infection and outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Pía Alberione
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rebecca Moeller
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jared Kirui
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Corinne Ginkel
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Mandy Doepke
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Luisa J Ströh
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan-Philipp Machtens
- Institute of Biological Information Processing (IBI-1), Molekular- und Zellphysiologie, and JARA-HPC, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gisa Gerold
- Institute for Experimental Virology, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Medical School Hannover and the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Feodor-Lynen-Straße 7, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology and Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine (WCMM), Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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19
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Benayas B, Sastre I, López-Martín S, Oo A, Kim B, Bullido MJ, Aldudo J, Yáñez-Mó M. Tetraspanin CD81 regulates HSV-1 infection. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:489-498. [PMID: 32500359 PMCID: PMC7271138 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Different members of the tetraspanin superfamily have been described to regulate different virus infectious cycles at several stages: viral entry, viral replication or virion exit or infectivity. In addition, tetraspanin CD81 regulates HIV reverse transcription through its association with the dNTP hydrolase SAMHD1. Here we aimed at analysing the role of CD81 in Herpes simplex virus 1 infectivity using a neuroblastoma cell model. For this purpose, we generated a CD81 KO cell line using the CRISPR/Cas9 technology. Despite being CD81 a plasma membrane protein, CD81 KO cells showed no defects in viral entry nor in the expression of early protein markers. In contrast, glycoprotein B and C, which require viral DNA replication for their expression, were significantly reduced in CD81 KO infected cells. Indeed, HSV-1 DNA replication and the formation of new infectious particles were severely compromised in CD81 KO cells. We could not detect significant changes in SAMHD1 total expression levels, but a relocalization into endosomal structures was observed in CD81 KO cells. In summary, CD81 KO cells showed impaired viral DNA replication and produced greatly diminished viral titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Benayas
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Sastre
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Soraya López-Martín
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrian Oo
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Baek Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Center for Drug Discovery, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Maria J Bullido
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Aldudo
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Investigacion Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "Hospital la Paz" (IdIPaz), Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Yáñez-Mó
- Centro de Biología Molecular, "Severo Ochoa" (C.S.I.C.-U.A.M.), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, C/Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Princesa (IIS-IP), 28006, Madrid, Spain.
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, UAM, Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Lab 412, C/Nicolás Cabrera, 1, 28049, Madrid, Spain.
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20
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Elgawidi A, Mohsin MI, Ali F, Watts A, Monk PN, Thomas MS, Partridge LJ. A role for tetraspanin proteins in regulating fusion induced by Burkholderia thailandensis. Med Microbiol Immunol 2020; 209:473-487. [PMID: 32253503 PMCID: PMC7395031 DOI: 10.1007/s00430-020-00670-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis, a disease with high morbidity that is endemic in South East Asia and northern Australia. An unusual feature of the bacterium is its ability to induce multinucleated giant cell formation (MNGC), which appears to be related to bacterial pathogenicity. The mechanism of MNGC formation is not fully understood, but host cell factors as well as known bacterial virulence determinants are likely to contribute. Since members of the tetraspanin family of membrane proteins are involved in various types of cell:cell fusion, their role in MNGC formation induced by Burkholderia thailandensis, a mildly pathogenic species closely related to B. pseudomallei, was investigated. The effect of antibodies to tetraspanins CD9, CD81, and CD63 in MNGC formation induced by B. thailandensis in infected mouse J774.2 and RAW macrophage cell lines was assessed along with that of recombinant proteins corresponding to the large extracellular domain (EC2) of the tetraspanins. B. thailandensis-induced fusion was also examined in macrophages derived from CD9 null and corresponding WT mice, and in J774.2 macrophages over-expressing CD9. Antibodies to CD9 and CD81 promoted MNGC formation induced by B. thailandensis, whereas EC2 proteins of CD9, CD81, and CD63 inhibited MNGC formation. Enhanced MNGC formation was observed in CD9 null macrophages, whereas a decrease in MNGC formation was associated with overexpression of CD9. Overall our findings show that tetraspanins are involved in MNGC formation induced by B. thailandensis and by implication, B. pseudomallei, with CD9 and CD81 acting as negative regulators of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atiga Elgawidi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Muslim Idan Mohsin
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Department of Pathological Analyses, University of Kufa, Kufa, Iraq
| | - Fawwaz Ali
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
- Mosul Technical Institute, Northern Technical University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Amyleigh Watts
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK
| | - Peter N Monk
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Mark S Thomas
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, Medical School, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2RX, UK
| | - Lynda J Partridge
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
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21
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Zadjali F, Kumar P, Yao Y, Johnson D, Astrinidis A, Vogel P, Gross KW, Bissler JJ. Tuberous Sclerosis Complex Axis Controls Renal Extracellular Vesicle Production and Protein Content. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E1729. [PMID: 32138326 PMCID: PMC7084746 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21051729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The tuberous sclerosis complex (Tsc) proteins regulate the conserved mTORC1 growth regulation pathway. We identified that loss of the Tsc2 gene in mouse inner medullary collecting duct (mIMCD) cells induced a greater than two-fold increase in extracellular vesicle (EV) production compared to the same cells having an intact Tsc axis. We optimized EV isolation using a well-established size exclusion chromatography method to produce high purity EVs. Electron microscopy confirmed the purity and spherical shape of EVs. Both tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) demonstrated that the isolated EVs possessed a heterogenous size distribution. Approximately 90% of the EVs were in the 100-250 nm size range, while approximately 10% had a size greater than 250 nm. Western blot analysis using proteins isolated from the EVs revealed the cellular proteins Alix and TSG101, the transmembrane proteins CD63, CD81, and CD9, and the primary cilia Hedgehog signaling-related protein Arl13b. Proteomic analysis of EVs identified a significant difference between the Tsc2-intact and Tsc2-deleted cell that correlated well with the increased production. The EVs may be involved in tissue homeostasis and cause disease by overproduction and altered protein content. The EVs released by renal cyst epithelia in TSC complex may serve as a tool to discover the mechanism of TSC cystogenesis and in developing potential therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad Zadjali
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman;
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Prashant Kumar
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Ying Yao
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
| | - Daniel Johnson
- Molecular Bioinformatics Center, University of Tennessee Health Science Center Memphis, TN 38103, USA;
| | - Aristotelis Astrinidis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
| | - Peter Vogel
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Kenneth W. Gross
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA;
| | - John J. Bissler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center and Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA; (P.K.); (Y.Y.); (A.A.)
- Children’s Foundation Research Institute (CFRI), Le Bonheur Children’s Hospital, Memphis, TN 38103, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
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22
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Aljowaie RM, Almajhdi FN, Ali HH, El-Wetidy MS, Shier MK. Inhibition of hepatitis C virus genotype 4 replication using siRNA targeted to the viral core region and the CD81 cellular receptor. Cell Stress Chaperones 2020; 25:345-355. [PMID: 32060691 PMCID: PMC7058739 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-020-01077-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the most important causative agents of hepatitis worldwide. The current study aimed to evaluate the silencing effect of the small interference RNA (siRNA) molecules designed against the core region of HCV genotype 4 (HCV-4) and the CD81 gene, which is the cellular receptor for HCV in the human hepatocytes. RT-PCR was used to measure the changes in both the viral HCV core and the cellular CD81 genes induced by the specific siRNA molecules. Additionally, the fluctuations in either the viral or the cellular proteins of the target regions were tested by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence. The results showed the effectiveness of the used siRNA molecules against the target genes in either RNA or protein levels. The effect of 100 nM of siCD81 and 40 nM of siCore was more evident at 24 and 48 h post-transfection. The combination of the two siRNA molecules resulted in an extra inhibitory effect of the HCV core at both the RNA (85.6%) and protein (98.5%) levels. The current study suggested that targeting of the CD81 cellular receptor and/or the viral HCV core region by the small interference molecules might be a suitable choice in the suppression of HCV-4 replication. This might assist the development of new antiviral medications and provides a new alternative strategy for the targeting and treatment of HCV genotype 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem M Aljowaie
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fahad N Almajhdi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hebatallh H Ali
- College of Medicine Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Medhat K Shier
- College of Medicine Research Center, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Menofia University, Shibin el Kom, Egypt
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23
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Uretmen Kagiali ZC, Sanal E, Karayel Ö, Polat AN, Saatci Ö, Ersan PG, Trappe K, Renard BY, Önder TT, Tuncbag N, Şahin Ö, Ozlu N. Systems-level Analysis Reveals Multiple Modulators of Epithelial-mesenchymal Transition and Identifies DNAJB4 and CD81 as Novel Metastasis Inducers in Breast Cancer. Mol Cell Proteomics 2019; 18:1756-1771. [PMID: 31221721 PMCID: PMC6731077 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.ra119.001446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is driven by complex signaling events that induce dramatic biochemical and morphological changes whereby epithelial cells are converted into cancer cells. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we used mass spectrometry based quantitative proteomics approach to systematically analyze the post-translational biochemical changes that drive differentiation of human mammary epithelial (HMLE) cells into mesenchymal. We identified 314 proteins out of more than 6,000 unique proteins and 871 phosphopeptides out of more than 7,000 unique phosphopeptides as differentially regulated. We found that phosphoproteome is more unstable and prone to changes during EMT compared with the proteome and multiple alterations at proteome level are not thoroughly represented by transcriptional data highlighting the necessity of proteome level analysis. We discovered cell state specific signaling pathways, such as Hippo, sphingolipid signaling, and unfolded protein response (UPR) by modeling the networks of regulated proteins and potential kinase-substrate groups. We identified two novel factors for EMT whose expression increased on EMT induction: DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B4 (DNAJB4) and cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81). Suppression of DNAJB4 or CD81 in mesenchymal breast cancer cells resulted in decreased cell migration in vitro and led to reduced primary tumor growth, extravasation, and lung metastasis in vivo Overall, we performed the global proteomic and phosphoproteomic analyses of EMT, identified and validated new mRNA and/or protein level modulators of EMT. This work also provides a unique platform and resource for future studies focusing on metastasis and drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erdem Sanal
- ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Karayel
- ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nur Polat
- ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Özge Saatci
- §Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208
| | - Pelin Gülizar Ersan
- ¶Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Kathrin Trappe
- ‖Bioinformatics Unit (MF1), Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Bernhard Y Renard
- ‖Bioinformatics Unit (MF1), Robert Koch Institute, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Tamer T Önder
- **Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; ‡‡School of Medicine, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Tuncbag
- §§Graduate School of Informatics, Department of Health Informatics, METU, 06800 Ankara, Turkey; ¶¶Cancer Systems Biology Laboratory (CanSyL), METU, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Özgür Şahin
- §Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208; ¶Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Bilkent University, 06800 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Ozlu
- ‡Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Turkey; **Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine (KUTTAM), 34450 Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Pan Y, Wang M, Baloch AR, Zhang Q, Wang J, Ma R, Xu G, Kashif J, Wang L, Fan J, Cui Y, Yu S. FGF10 enhances yak oocyte fertilization competence and subsequent blastocyst quality and regulates the levels of CD9, CD81, DNMT1, and DNMT3B. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:17677-17689. [PMID: 30807658 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The fusion of sperm and oocytes determines the fertilization competence and subsequent development of embryos, which, in turn, can be affected by various proteins and DNA methylation. However, several factors in this whole regulation process remain unknown, especially in yaks. Here, we report that fibroblast growth factor 10 (FGF10) is an important growth factor that can enhance the maturation rate of yak oocytes and the motility of frozen spermatozoa. Subsequent blastocyst quality was also improved by increasing the total cell number and level of pregnancy-associated protein in blastocysts. These effects were significantly high in the group that received the 5 ng/ml FGF10 treatment, during both in vitro maturation (IVM) and capacitation. Our data show that the effects of FGF10 were dose-dependent at vital steps of embryogenesis in vitro. Furthermore, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence demonstrated that the levels of CD9, CD81, DNMT1, and DNMT3B in both mature cumulus-oocyte complexes and capacitated sperms were regulated by FGF10, which was also highly expressed in the group treated with 5 ng/ml FGF10 during both IVM and capacitation. From our present study, we concluded that FGF10 promotes yak oocyte fertilization competence and subsequent blastocyst quality, and could also regulate CD9, CD81, DNMT1, and DNMT3B to optimize sperm-oocyte interactions and DNA methylation during fertilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Pan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Abdul Rasheed Baloch
- South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Research Institute of Fish Culture and Hydrobiology, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Vodňany, Czech Republic
| | - Qiang Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jinglei Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rui Ma
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Gengquan Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jam Kashif
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam, Pakistan
| | - Libin Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jiangfeng Fan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Yan Cui
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Sijiu Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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25
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Afacan-Öztürk HB, Falay M, Albayrak M, Yıldız A, Öztürk ҪP, Maral S, Özet G. CD81 Expression in the Differential Diagnosis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Clin Lab 2019; 65. [PMID: 30868852 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2018.180802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunophenotyping has a central role in CLL. However, CLL is a very heterogenous disease, both morphologically and immunophenotypically; thus, its diagnosis may prove a challenge. We investigated CD81 ex-pression in the differential diagnosis of CLL and MCL. METHODS We retrospectively examined CD81 expression with 8 color Multiparameter Flow cytometry devices in 101 CLL and 19 MCL cases. RESULTS We found negative CD81 expression in CLL cases whereas it was positive in MCL cases. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that CD81 may be a valuable marker for the differential diagnosis of CLL. We are of the opinion that it should be definitely included in the diagnostic algorithm for CLL.
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Mekky RY, El-Ekiaby N, El Sobky SA, Elemam NM, Youness RA, El-Sayed M, Hamza MT, Esmat G, Abdelaziz AI. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and miR-548m reduce HCV entry through repression of CD81 receptor in HCV cell models. Arch Virol 2019; 164:1587-1595. [PMID: 30949812 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-019-04232-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) is the most abundant component in green tea extract, that has powerful antioxidant and antiviral effects. It has been previously reported to inhibit HCV entry via several mechanisms. Hence, this study aimed at further investigating the potential impact of EGCG on HCV entry through regulation of the expression of tetraspanin receptor CD81 by the novel predicted miR-548m. Liver biopsies were obtained from 29 HCV patients and 10 healthy controls for expression profiling. Huh7 cells were stimulated with EGCG and subsequently miR-548m expression was assessed. Naïve, HCV- ED43/JFH-1 and HCV-JFH-1 infected Huh7 cells were transfected by miR-548m mimics and inhibitors. Consequently, CD81 protein and mRNA levels were assessed using flow cytometry and qRT-PCR, respectively. Additionally, these cells were used to investigate HCV permissiveness into Huh7 cells using qRT-PCR for viral quantification. Direct binding confirmation of miR-548m to CD81 was done using luciferase reporter assay. In-silico analysis revealed miR-548m to have two potential binding sites in the 3'UTR of CD81 mRNA. EGCG boosted miR-548m expression in Huh7 cells. Additionally, miR-548m caused a downregulation of CD81 protein and mRNA levels as well as reduction in HCV infectivity of Huh7 cells. Luciferase binding assay confirmed the binding of miR-548m to CD81 mRNA at the two predicted binding sites. Intriguingly, miR-548m expression was not detected in healthy liver biopsies but was found in liver biopsies of HCV patients. This study shows that EGCG might act as an anti-HCV agent that reduces cellular infectivity via enhancing miR-548m expression and repressing CD81 receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radwa Yehia Mekky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nada El-Ekiaby
- School of Medicine, NewGiza University (NGU), NewGiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alex Road, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Noha Mousaad Elemam
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rana Ahmed Youness
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, German University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohammad El-Sayed
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Gamal Esmat
- Department of Endemic Medicine and Hepatogastroenterology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Ihab Abdelaziz
- School of Medicine, NewGiza University (NGU), NewGiza, Km 22 Cairo-Alex Road, Cairo, Egypt.
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27
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Dahmane S, Doucet C, Le Gall A, Chamontin C, Dosset P, Murcy F, Fernandez L, Salas D, Rubinstein E, Mougel M, Nollmann M, Milhiet PE. Nanoscale organization of tetraspanins during HIV-1 budding by correlative dSTORM/AFM. Nanoscale 2019; 11:6036-6044. [PMID: 30869094 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr07269h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Membrane partition and remodeling play a key role in numerous cell mechanisms, especially in viral replication cycles where viruses subvert the plasma membrane to enter and escape from the host cell. Specifically assembly and release of HIV-1 particles require specific cellular components, which are recruited to the egress site by the viral protein Gag. We previously demonstrated that HIV-1 assembly alters both partitioning and dynamics of the tetraspanins CD9 and CD81, which are key players in many infectious processes, forming enriched areas where the virus buds. In this study we correlated super resolution microscopy mapping of tetraspanins with membrane topography delineated by atomic force microscopy (AFM) in Gag-expressing cells. We revealed that CD9 is specifically trapped within the nascent viral particles, especially at buds tips, suggesting that Gag mediates CD9 and CD81 depletion from the plasma membrane. In addition, we showed that CD9 is organized as small membrane assemblies of few tens of nanometers that can coalesce upon Gag expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selma Dahmane
- Centre de Biochimie Structurale (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Univ Montpellier, France.
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28
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Abstract
Tetraspanins, such as CD81, can form lateral associations with each other and with other transmembrane proteins. These interactions may underlie CD81 functions in multiple cellular processes, such as adhesion, morphology, migration, and differentiation. Since CD81's role in neuronal cells' migration has not been established, we here evaluated effects of CD81 on the migratory phenotype of SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. CD81 was found enriched at SH-SY5Y cell's membrane, co-localizing with its interactor filamentous-actin (F-actin) in migratory relevant structures of the leading edge (filopodia, stress fibers, and adhesion sites). CD81 overexpression increased the number of cells with a migratory phenotype, in a potentially phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)-Ak strain transforming (AKT) mediated manner. Indeed, CD81 also co-localized with AKT, a CD81-interactor and actin remodeling agent, at the inner leaflet of the plasma membrane. Pharmacologic inhibition of PI3K, the canonical AKT activator, led both to a decrease in the acquisition of a migratory phenotype and to a redistribution of intracellular CD81 and F-actin into cytoplasmic agglomerates. These findings suggest that in neuronal-like cells CD81 bridges active AKT and actin, promoting the actin remodeling that leads to a motile cell morphology. Further studies on this CD81-mediated mechanism will improve our knowledge on important physiological and pathological processes such as cell migration and differentiation, and tumor metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soraia A Martins
- Department of Medical Sciences,Cell Differentiation and Regeneration Laboratory,Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED),Universidade de Aveiro,Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro,Portugal
| | - Patrícia D Correia
- Department of Medical Sciences,Cell Differentiation and Regeneration Laboratory,Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED),Universidade de Aveiro,Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro,Portugal
| | - Roberto A Dias
- Department of Medical Sciences,Cell Differentiation and Regeneration Laboratory,Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED),Universidade de Aveiro,Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro,Portugal
| | - Odete A B da Cruz E Silva
- Department of Medical Sciences,Neurosciences and Signalling Laboratory,Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED),Universidade de Aveiro,Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro,Portugal
| | - Sandra I Vieira
- Department of Medical Sciences,Cell Differentiation and Regeneration Laboratory,Institute of Biomedicine (iBiMED),Universidade de Aveiro,Campus de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro,Portugal
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Tarín F, López-Castaño F, García-Hernández C, Beneit P, Sarmiento H, Manresa P, Alda O, Villarrubia B, Blanes M, Bernabéu J, Amorós C, Sánchez-Sánchez S, Fernández-Miñano C, De Paz F, Verdú-Belmar J, Marco P, Matutes E. Multiparameter Flow Cytometry Identification of Neoplastic Subclones: A New Biomarker in Monoclonal Gammopathy of Undetermined Significance and Multiple Myeloma. Acta Haematol 2018; 141:1-6. [PMID: 30428459 DOI: 10.1159/000493568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Accepted: 09/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC)-based clonality assessment is a powerful method of diagnosis and follow-up in monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) and multiple myeloma (MM). However, the relevance of intraclonal heterogeneity in immunophenotypic studies remains poorly understood. The main objective of this work was to characterize the different immunophenotypic subclones in MGUS and MM patients and to investigate their correlation with disease stages. An 8-color MFC protocol with 17 markers was used to identify the subclones within the neoplastic compartment of 56 MGUS subjects, 151 newly diagnosed MM patients, 30 MM subjects in complete remission with detectable minimal residual disease, and 36 relapsed/refractory MM patients. Two or more clusters were observed in > 85% of MGUS subjects, 75% of stage I MM patients, and < 15% in stage III. Likewise, a significant correlation between the dominant subclone size, secondary cytogenetic features, and changes in the expression of CD27, CD44, and CD81 was detected. The loss of intraclonal equilibrium may be an important factor related with kinetics and risk of progression not well considered to date in MFC studies. The MFC strategy used in this work can provide useful biomarkers in MGUS and MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabián Tarín
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain,
| | | | | | - Paola Beneit
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, San Juan de Alicante, Spain
| | - Héctor Sarmiento
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pablo Manresa
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Olga Alda
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Blanca Villarrubia
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Margarita Blanes
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario Virgen de la Salud, Elda, Spain
| | - Javier Bernabéu
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario Virgen de la Salud, Elda, Spain
| | - Carmen Amorós
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Virgen de los Lirios, Alcoy, Spain
| | | | | | - Francisco De Paz
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - José Verdú-Belmar
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Pascual Marco
- Department of Hematology, Hospital General Universitario de Alicante, Alicante, Spain
| | - Estella Matutes
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
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Liang W, Gao M, Song X, Han Y, Go M, Su P, Li Q, Liu X. A novel CD81 homolog identified in lamprey, Lampetra japonica, with roles in the immune response of lamprey VLRB+ lymphocytes. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1158-1165. [PMID: 30260364 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81), a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, is primarily found to be expressed in a wide variety of cells including T and B cells of vertebrates as a critical modulator. In the present study, the open reading frame of a CD81 gene homolog (Lja-CD81) was cloned in lamprey, Lampetra japonica, which is 702 bp long and encodes a protein of 233-amino acids. Although Lja-CD81 seems to be close to CD9 molecules in their full-length sequences, Lja-CD81 possesses higher identity to vertebrates' CD81 than to CD9 (including a lamprey CD9) molecules in their large extracellular loops. In addition, it also possesses a myristoylation site (Met-Gly-Val-Glu-Gly-Cys-Leu-Lys) in its N-terminal region which is identical to the N-terminal regions of CD81 molecules. These data suggest that CD9 and CD81 molecules diverged no later than the emergence of jawless vertebrates. The mRNA levels of Lja-CD81 in lymphocytes and supraneural myeloid bodies were up-regulated significantly after stimulation with mixed antigens, and a similar expressional pattern of Lja-CD81 at protein level was also confirmed. Furthermore, Lja-CD81 was found to be co-localized with variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) evenly on the cell membrane of peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from control group, but they were found to aggregate on one side of the membrane of peripheral blood VLRB+ lymphocytes after stimulation with mixed antigens. All these results indicate that the Lja-CD81 identified in lamprey may play an important role in the immune response of lamprey VLRB+ lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Miceng Gao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xueying Song
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Go
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
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Frolikova M, Manaskova-Postlerova P, Cerny J, Jankovicova J, Simonik O, Pohlova A, Secova P, Antalikova J, Dvorakova-Hortova K. CD9 and CD81 Interactions and Their Structural Modelling in Sperm Prior to Fertilization. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041236. [PMID: 29671763 PMCID: PMC5979608 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Revised: 04/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins CD9 and CD81 are members of the tetraspanin superfamily and were detected in mammalian sperm, where they are suspected to form an active tetraspanin web and to participate in sperm–egg membrane fusion. The importance of these two proteins during the early stages of fertilization is supported by the complete sterility of CD9/CD81 double null female mice. In this study, the putative mechanism of CD9/CD81 involvement in tetraspanin web formation in sperm and its activity prior to fertilization was addressed. Confocal microscopy and colocalization assay was used to determine a mutual CD9/CD81 localization visualised in detail by super-resolution microscopy, and their interaction was address by co-immunoprecipitation. The species-specific traits in CD9 and CD81 distribution during sperm maturation were compared between mice and humans. A mutual position of CD9/CD81 is shown in human spermatozoa in the acrosomal cap, however in mice, CD9 and CD81 occupy a distinct area. During the acrosome reaction in human sperm, only CD9 is relocated, compared to the relocation of both proteins in mice. The structural modelling of CD9 and CD81 homologous and possibly heterologous network formation was used to propose their lateral Cis as well as Trans interactions within the sperm membrane and during sperm–egg membrane fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Frolikova
- Group of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Pavla Manaskova-Postlerova
- Group of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Jiri Cerny
- Laboratory of Structural Bioinformatics of Proteins, Institute of Biotechnology Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Jana Jankovicova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Centre of Biosciences Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Ondrej Simonik
- Group of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Alzbeta Pohlova
- Group of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Hlavova 2030/8, 128 43 Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Petra Secova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Centre of Biosciences Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Jana Antalikova
- Laboratory of Reproductive Physiology, Institute of Animal Biochemistry and Genetics Centre of Biosciences Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dubravska Cesta 9, 845 05 Bratislava, Slovakia.
| | - Katerina Dvorakova-Hortova
- Group of Reproductive Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Czech Academy of Sciences, v.v.i., BIOCEV, Prumyslova 595, 252 50 Vestec, Czech Republic.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Vinicna 7, 128 44 Prague, Czech Republic.
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Gopal R, Jackson K, Tzarum N, Kong L, Ettenger A, Guest J, Pfaff JM, Barnes T, Honda A, Giang E, Davidson E, Wilson IA, Doranz BJ, Law M. Probing the antigenicity of hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein complex by high-throughput mutagenesis. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006735. [PMID: 29253863 PMCID: PMC5749897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 form a non-covalently linked heterodimer on the viral surface that mediates viral entry. E1, E2 and the heterodimer complex E1E2 are candidate vaccine antigens, but are technically challenging to study because of difficulties in producing natively folded proteins by standard protein expression and purification methods. To better comprehend the antigenicity of these proteins, a library of alanine scanning mutants comprising the entirety of E1E2 (555 residues) was created for evaluating the role of each residue in the glycoproteins. The mutant library was probed, by a high-throughput flow cytometry-based assay, for binding with the co-receptor CD81, and a panel of 13 human and mouse monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target continuous and discontinuous epitopes of E1, E2, and the E1E2 complex. Together with the recently determined crystal structure of E2 core domain (E2c), we found that several residues in the E2 back layer region indirectly impact binding of CD81 and mAbs that target the conserved neutralizing face of E2. These findings highlight an unexpected role for the E2 back layer in interacting with the E2 front layer for its biological function. We also identified regions of E1 and E2 that likely located at or near the interface of the E1E2 complex, and determined that the E2 back layer also plays an important role in E1E2 complex formation. The conformation-dependent reactivity of CD81 and the antibody panel to the E1E2 mutant library provides a global view of the influence of each amino acid (aa) on E1E2 expression and folding. This information is valuable for guiding protein engineering efforts to enhance the antigenic properties and stability of E1E2 for vaccine antigen development and structural studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhika Gopal
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Kelli Jackson
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Netanel Tzarum
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Leopold Kong
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Ettenger
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Johnathan Guest
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Pfaff
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Trevor Barnes
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Andrew Honda
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Erick Giang
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Edgar Davidson
- Integral Molecular, Inc., Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Mansun Law
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Earnest JT, Hantak MP, Li K, McCray PB, Perlman S, Gallagher T. The tetraspanin CD9 facilitates MERS-coronavirus entry by scaffolding host cell receptors and proteases. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006546. [PMID: 28759649 PMCID: PMC5552337 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection by enveloped coronaviruses (CoVs) initiates with viral spike (S) proteins binding to cellular receptors, and is followed by proteolytic cleavage of receptor-bound S proteins, which prompts S protein-mediated virus-cell membrane fusion. Infection therefore requires close proximity of receptors and proteases. We considered whether tetraspanins, scaffolding proteins known to facilitate CoV infections, hold receptors and proteases together on cell membranes. Using knockout cell lines, we found that the tetraspanin CD9, but not the tetraspanin CD81, formed cell-surface complexes of dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), the MERS-CoV receptor, and the type II transmembrane serine protease (TTSP) member TMPRSS2, a CoV-activating protease. This CD9-facilitated condensation of receptors and proteases allowed MERS-CoV pseudoviruses to enter cells rapidly and efficiently. Without CD9, MERS-CoV viruses were not activated by TTSPs, and they trafficked into endosomes to be cleaved much later and less efficiently by cathepsins. Thus, we identified DPP4:CD9:TTSP as the protein complexes necessary for early, efficient MERS-CoV entry. To evaluate the importance of these complexes in an in vivo CoV infection model, we used recombinant Adenovirus 5 (rAd5) vectors to express human DPP4 in mouse lungs, thereby sensitizing the animals to MERS-CoV infection. When the rAd5-hDPP4 vectors co-expressed small RNAs silencing Cd9 or Tmprss2, the animals were significantly less susceptible, indicating that CD9 and TMPRSS2 facilitated robust in vivo MERS-CoV infection of mouse lungs. Furthermore, the S proteins of virulent mouse-adapted MERS-CoVs acquired a CD9-dependent cell entry character, suggesting that CD9 is a selective agent in the evolution of CoV virulence.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. Earnest
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Hantak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
| | - Kun Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Paul B. McCray
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Stanley Perlman
- Department of Pediatrics, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States of America
| | - Tom Gallagher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Medical Center, Maywood, IL, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Benedikter BJ, Volgers C, van Eijck PH, Wouters EFM, Savelkoul PHM, Reynaert NL, Haenen GRMM, Rohde GGU, Weseler AR, Stassen FRM. Cigarette smoke extract induced exosome release is mediated by depletion of exofacial thiols and can be inhibited by thiol-antioxidants. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 108:334-344. [PMID: 28359953 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Airway epithelial cells have been described to release extracellular vesicles (EVs) with pathological properties when exposed to cigarette smoke extract (CSE). As CSE causes oxidative stress, we investigated whether its oxidative components are responsible for inducing EV release and whether this could be prevented using the thiol antioxidants N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) or glutathione (GSH). METHODS BEAS-2B cells were exposed for 24h to CSE, H2O2, acrolein, 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), bacitracin, rutin or the anti-protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) antibody clone RL90; with or without NAC or GSH. EVs in media were measured using CD63+CD81+ bead-coupled flow cytometry or tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). For characterization by Western Blotting, cryo-transmission electron microscopy and TRPS, EVs were isolated using ultracentrifugation. Glutathione disulfide and GSH in cells were assessed by a GSH reductase cycling assay, and exofacial thiols using Flow cytometry. RESULTS CSE augmented the release of the EV subtype exosomes, which could be prevented by scavenging thiol-reactive components using NAC or GSH. Among thiol-reactive CSE components, H2O2 had no effect on exosome release, whereas acrolein imitated the NAC-reversible exosome induction. The exosome induction by CSE and acrolein was paralleled by depletion of cell surface thiols. Membrane impermeable thiol blocking agents, but not specific inhibitors of the exofacially located thiol-dependent enzyme PDI, stimulated exosome release. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION Thiol-reactive compounds like acrolein account for CSE-induced exosome release by reacting with cell surface thiols. As acrolein is produced endogenously during inflammation, it may influence exosome release not only in smokers, but also in ex-smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. NAC and GSH prevent acrolein- and CSE-induced exosome release, which may contribute to the clinical benefits of NAC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birke J Benedikter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Charlotte Volgers
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Pascalle H van Eijck
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Paul H M Savelkoul
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Medical Microbiology & Infection Control, VU University Medical Center, Van der Boechorststraat 7, 1081BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Niki L Reynaert
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Guido R M M Haenen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gernot G U Rohde
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Antje R Weseler
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University, PO Box 616, 6200 MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Frank R M Stassen
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Maastricht University Medical Center, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Manzoni G, Marinach C, Topçu S, Briquet S, Grand M, Tolle M, Gransagne M, Lescar J, Andolina C, Franetich JF, Zeisel MB, Huby T, Rubinstein E, Snounou G, Mazier D, Nosten F, Baumert TF, Silvie O. Plasmodium P36 determines host cell receptor usage during sporozoite invasion. eLife 2017; 6:e25903. [PMID: 28506360 PMCID: PMC5470872 DOI: 10.7554/elife.25903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites, the mosquito-transmitted forms of the malaria parasite, first infect the liver for an initial round of replication before the emergence of pathogenic blood stages. Sporozoites represent attractive targets for antimalarial preventive strategies, yet the mechanisms of parasite entry into hepatocytes remain poorly understood. Here we show that the two main species causing malaria in humans, Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, rely on two distinct host cell surface proteins, CD81 and the Scavenger Receptor BI (SR-BI), respectively, to infect hepatocytes. By contrast, CD81 and SR-BI fulfil redundant functions during infection by the rodent parasite P. berghei. Genetic analysis of sporozoite factors reveals the 6-cysteine domain protein P36 as a major parasite determinant of host cell receptor usage. Our data provide molecular insights into the invasion pathways used by different malaria parasites to infect hepatocytes, and establish a functional link between a sporozoite putative ligand and host cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Manzoni
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Carine Marinach
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Selma Topçu
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Briquet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Morgane Grand
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Tolle
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Marion Gransagne
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Julien Lescar
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Chiara Andolina
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-François Franetich
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Mirjam B Zeisel
- INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thierry Huby
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, UMR_S 1166, Paris, France
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- INSERM, U935, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud, Institut André Lwoff, Villejuif, France
| | - Georges Snounou
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
| | - Dominique Mazier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - François Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- INSERM, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Hopitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Olivier Silvie
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d’Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, U1135, ERL8255, Paris, France
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Vasiliauskaite I, Owsianka A, England P, Khan AG, Cole S, Bankwitz D, Foung SKH, Pietschmann T, Marcotrigiano J, Rey FA, Patel AH, Krey T. Conformational Flexibility in the Immunoglobulin-Like Domain of the Hepatitis C Virus Glycoprotein E2. mBio 2017; 8:e00382-17. [PMID: 28512091 PMCID: PMC5433095 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00382-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) glycoprotein E2 is the major target of neutralizing antibodies and is therefore highly relevant for vaccine design. Its structure features a central immunoglobulin (Ig)-like β-sandwich that contributes to the binding site for the cellular receptor CD81. We show that a synthetic peptide corresponding to a β-strand of this Ig-like domain forms an α-helix in complex with the anti-E2 antibody DAO5, demonstrating an inside-out flip of hydrophobic residues and a secondary structure change in the composite CD81 binding site. A detailed interaction analysis of DAO5 and cross-competing neutralizing antibodies with soluble E2 revealed that the Ig-like domain is trapped by different antibodies in at least two distinct conformations. DAO5 specifically captures retrovirus particles bearing HCV glycoproteins (HCVpp) and infectious cell culture-derived HCV particles (HCVcc). Infection of cells by DAO5-captured HCVpp can be blocked by a cross-competing neutralizing antibody, indicating that a single virus particle simultaneously displays E2 molecules in more than one conformation on its surface. Such conformational plasticity of the HCV E2 receptor binding site has important implications for immunogen design.IMPORTANCE Recent advances in the treatment of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with direct-acting antiviral drugs have enabled the control of this major human pathogen. However, due to their high costs and limited accessibility in combination with the lack of awareness of the mostly asymptomatic infection, there is an unchanged urgent need for an effective vaccine. The viral glycoprotein E2 contains regions that are crucial for virus entry into the host cell, and antibodies that bind to these regions can neutralize infection. One of the major targets of neutralizing antibodies is the central immunoglobulin (Ig)-like domain within E2. We show here that this Ig-like domain is conformationally flexible at the surface of infectious HCV particles and pseudoparticles. Our study provides novel insights into the interactions of HCV E2 with the humoral immune system that should aid future vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vasiliauskaite
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Department Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Ania Owsianka
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick England
- Plate-Forme de Biophysique Moléculaire, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Abdul Ghafoor Khan
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Sarah Cole
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Dorothea Bankwitz
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
| | - Steven K H Foung
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Thomas Pietschmann
- Institute for Experimental Virology, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, Twincore, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
| | - Joseph Marcotrigiano
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Felix A Rey
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Department Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
| | - Arvind H Patel
- MRC-University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Krey
- Unité de Virologie Structurale, Department Virologie, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
- CNRS UMR 3569, Paris, France
- Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Hannover-Braunschweig Site, Germany
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Grigorov B, Reungoat E, Gentil Dit Maurin A, Varbanov M, Blaising J, Michelet M, Manuel R, Parent R, Bartosch B, Zoulim F, Ruggiero F, Pécheur EI. Hepatitis C virus infection propagates through interactions between Syndecan-1 and CD81 and impacts the hepatocyte glycocalyx. Cell Microbiol 2017; 19:e12711. [PMID: 27930836 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) infects hepatocytes after binding to heparan sulfate proteoglycans, in particular Syndecan-1, followed by recognition of the tetraspanin CD81 and other receptors. Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are found in a specific microenvironment coating the hepatocyte surface called the glycocalyx and are receptors for extracellular matrix proteins, cytokines, growth factors, lipoproteins, and infectious agents. We investigated the mutual influence of HCV infection on the glycocalyx and revealed new links between Syndecan-1 and CD81. Hepatocyte infection by HCV was inhibited after knocking down Syndecan-1 or Xylosyltransferase 2, a key enzyme of Syndecan-1 biosynthesis. Simultaneous knockdown of Syndecan-1 and CD81 strongly inhibited infection, suggesting their cooperative action. At early infection stages, Syndecan-1 and virions colocalized at the plasma membrane and were internalized in endosomes. Direct interactions between Syndecan-1 and CD81 were revealed in primary and transformed hepatocytes by immunoprecipitation and proximity ligation assays. Expression of Syndecan-1 and Xylosyltransferase 2 was altered within days post-infection, and the remaining Syndecan-1 pool colocalized poorly with CD81. The data indicate a profound reshuffling of the hepatocyte glycocalyx during HCV infection, possibly required for establishing optimal conditions of viral propagation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyan Grigorov
- CRCL, Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Emma Reungoat
- CRCL, Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1, France
| | | | | | - Julie Blaising
- CRCL, Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Maud Michelet
- CRCL, Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Rachel Manuel
- IGFL, ENS Lyon, CNRS UMR 5242, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Romain Parent
- CRCL, Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Birke Bartosch
- CRCL, Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1, France
| | - Fabien Zoulim
- CRCL, Inserm U1052, CNRS 5286, Université Lyon 1, France
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Prasad A, Kulkarni R, Jiang S, Groopman JE. Cocaine Enhances DC to T-cell HIV-1 Transmission by Activating DC-SIGN/LARG/LSP1 Complex and Facilitating Infectious Synapse Formation. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40648. [PMID: 28094782 PMCID: PMC5240552 DOI: 10.1038/srep40648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
DC-SIGN is a dendritic cell surface structure which participates in binding and transmission of HIV-1. Here, for the first time we demonstrate that cocaine induces over expression of DC-SIGN and significantly enhances virus transfer from DCs to T-cells by increasing the binding and internalization of HIV-1 in DCs. We found that cocaine activates a DC-SIGN mediated 'signalosome' complex by enhancing its association with LARG and LSP1. Further, LARG was observed to participate in DC-SIGN mediated internalization of HIV-1 in DCs. Intracellular trafficking studies of HIV-1 in cocaine treated DCs revealed increased co-localization of HIV-1 with endosomal or multi vesicular body (MVB) markers such as CD81 and VPS4 and decreased co-localization with the phagolysomal marker LAMP1; this signified altered intracellular trafficking and decreased degradation of HIV-1 in cocaine treated DCs. Furthermore, we found that cocaine induced activation of LARG which in turn activated Rho A and the focal adhesion molecules FAK, Pyk2 and paxillin. This signaling cascade enhanced the formation of an infectious synapse between DCs and T-cells. Our study provides insight into the molecular mechanisms of cocaine's contribution to key components in HIV pathogenesis and highlights novel targets for interrupting the virus life cycle in substance using hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Prasad
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Rutuja Kulkarni
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Shuxian Jiang
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jerome E. Groopman
- Division of Experimental Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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39
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Nakano S, Yamamoto S, Okada A, Nakajima T, Sato M, Takagi T, Tomooka Y. Role of extracellular vesicles in the interaction between epithelial and mesenchymal cells during oviductal ciliogenesis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 483:245-251. [PMID: 28034753 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 12/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been shown to transport miRNA, mRNA and protein, suggesting that they are new communication mediators. Diffusible mesenchymal factors determine the fate of Műllerian epithelial cells into oviductal ciliated cells. In the present study, we investigated whether EVs mediate the communication in the epithelial-mesenchymal interaction during oviductal ciliogenesis. EVs were isolated from cells of oviductal mesenchymal cell line (S1 cells) and characterized by TEM and expression of exosomal marker CD81. CD81 protein was also detected in oviductal mesenchyme, suggesting that CD81-expressing exosomes may be secreted from oviductal mesenchyme, as well as S1 cells. β-actin, Gapdh and Vimentin mRNAs and miRNAs were detected in the exosomes. mRNA in S1 cells was able to be transported into cells of Műllerian epithelial cell line (E1 cells) via the exosomes. The effects of exosomes derived from S1 cells on ciliogenesis of E1 cells were analyzed by in vitro models. Culture with exosomes increased the number of ciliated cells in E1 cells. These results suggest that exosomes derived from mesenchymal cells modulate the oviductal ciliogenesis and open new avenues for developmental study of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shota Nakano
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Shohei Yamamoto
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan; Graduate Program in Bioscience, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Hongo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Atsumasa Okada
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Tadaaki Nakajima
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan
| | - Mamiko Sato
- Department of Material and Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Tomoko Takagi
- Department of Material and Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Japan Women's University, 2-8-1 Mejirodai, Bunkyou-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tomooka
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, 6-3-1 Niijuku, Katsushika-ku, Tokyo 125-8585, Japan.
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40
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Chen J, Wang N, Dong M, Guo M, Zhao Y, Zhuo Z, Zhang C, Chi X, Pan Y, Jiang J, Tang H, Niu J, Yang D, Li Z, Han X, Wang Q, Chen X. The Metabolic Regulator Histone Deacetylase 9 Contributes to Glucose Homeostasis Abnormality Induced by Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Diabetes 2015; 64:4088-98. [PMID: 26420860 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Class IIa histone deacetylases (HDACs), such as HDAC4, HDAC5, and HDAC7, provide critical mechanisms for regulating glucose homeostasis. Here we report that HDAC9, another class IIa HDAC, regulates hepatic gluconeogenesis via deacetylation of a Forkhead box O (FoxO) family transcription factor, FoxO1, together with HDAC3. Specifically, HDAC9 expression can be strongly induced upon hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. HCV-induced HDAC9 upregulation enhances gluconeogenesis by promoting the expression of gluconeogenic genes, including phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase and glucose-6-phosphatase, indicating a major role for HDAC9 in the development of HCV-associated exaggerated gluconeogenic responses. Moreover, HDAC9 expression levels and gluconeogenic activities were elevated in livers from HCV-infected patients and persistent HCV-infected mice, emphasizing the clinical relevance of these results. Our results suggest HDAC9 is involved in glucose metabolism, HCV-induced abnormal glucose homeostasis, and type 2 diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Acetylation
- Animals
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Enzyme Induction
- Female
- Forkhead Box Protein O1
- Forkhead Transcription Factors/metabolism
- Gluconeogenesis
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/blood
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/metabolism
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/pathology
- Hepatitis C, Chronic/virology
- Histone Deacetylases/genetics
- Histone Deacetylases/metabolism
- Humans
- Insulin Resistance
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Liver/virology
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- Occludin/antagonists & inhibitors
- Occludin/genetics
- Occludin/metabolism
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/antagonists & inhibitors
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/genetics
- Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase (ATP)/metabolism
- Phosphorylation
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Viral/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Viral/blood
- RNA, Viral/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/metabolism
- Tetraspanin 28/antagonists & inhibitors
- Tetraspanin 28/genetics
- Tetraspanin 28/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Jizheng Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Dong
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiumei Chi
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Pan
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Jiang
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Hong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junqi Niu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Dongliang Yang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wuhan Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhong Li
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Human Functional Genomics, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xinwen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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Aoudjehane L, Bisch G, Scatton O, Granier C, Gaston J, Housset C, Roingeard P, Cosset FL, Perdigao F, Balladur P, Wakita T, Calmus Y, Conti F. Infection of Human Liver Myofibroblasts by Hepatitis C Virus: A Direct Mechanism of Liver Fibrosis in Hepatitis C. PLoS One 2015. [PMID: 26214688 PMCID: PMC4516308 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0134141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic hepatitis C is a major cause of liver fibrosis and cirrhosis. It is generally accepted that inflammation that occurs in response to hepatocyte infection by the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is the main mechanism that triggers myofibroblast differentiation and stimulation in chronic hepatitis C. The aim of this study was to determine if HCV might infect human liver myofibroblasts (HLMF) and directly stimulate their fibrogenic activities. Methods We evaluated the expression of the viral entry receptors, levels of HCV-RNA and HCV-protein and the expression of fibrosis markers in HLMF by using quantitative PCR, western blot and immunofluorescence analyses. Pseudoparticles (HCVpp) and cell culture–derived HCV (HCVcc) were used to study the ability of HLMF to support viral entry, replication and fibrosis induction. Results We showed that HLMF expressed all known molecules of the HCV receptor complex, i.e. CD81, LDL-R, scavenger receptor-BI, claudin-1 and occludin. These cells were also permissive to HCVpp entry. Inoculation with HCVcc caused short-term infection of these cells, as shown by their content in positive- and negative-strand HCV RNA, in core and NS3 viral proteins, and by their release of core protein levels in the culture supernatants. HCV infection stimulated myofibroblastic differentiation, proliferation and collagen production in these cells. In addition, evidence of in vivo infection was provided by the detection of positive- and negative-strand HCV RNA in preparations of HLMF obtained from HCV-infected patients. Conclusion These findings indicate that HCV infection of HLMF can occur and trigger extracellular matrix overproduction, thereby contributing to the development of HCV-related liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynda Aoudjehane
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75005, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
- Human HepCell, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Grégoire Bisch
- Human HepCell, Hôpital Saint-Antoine, F-75012 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Scatton
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75005, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité de Transplantation Hépatique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Christelle Granier
- CIRI–International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Jesintha Gaston
- Institut Cochin, Université Paris Descartes, CNRS (UMR 8104), INSERM U1016, Paris, France
| | - Chantal Housset
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75005, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
| | | | - François-Loïc Cosset
- CIRI–International Center for Infectiology Research, Team EVIR, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Inserm, U1111, Lyon, France
- Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, Lyon, France
- Université Lyon 1, Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie, Lyon, France
- CNRS, UMR5308, Lyon, France
- LabEx Ecofect, Université de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Fabiano Perdigao
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité de Transplantation Hépatique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Pierre Balladur
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75005, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Saint Antoine, Département de la chirurgie digestive, F-75012, Paris, France
| | - Takaji Wakita
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Department of Virology II, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yvon Calmus
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75005, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité de Transplantation Hépatique, F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Filomena Conti
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75005, Paris, France
- INSERM, UMR_S 938, CDR Saint-Antoine, F-75012, Paris, France
- AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Unité de Transplantation Hépatique, F-75013, Paris, France
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Dumoulin PC, Trop SA, Ma J, Zhang H, Sherman MA, Levitskaya J. Flow Cytometry Based Detection and Isolation of Plasmodium falciparum Liver Stages In Vitro. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129623. [PMID: 26070149 PMCID: PMC4466555 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria, the disease caused by Plasmodium parasites, remains a major global health burden. The liver stage of Plasmodium falciparum infection is a leading target for immunological and pharmacological interventions. Therefore, novel approaches providing specific detection and isolation of live P. falciparum exoerythrocytic forms (EEFs) are warranted. Utilizing a recently generated parasite strain expressing green fluorescent protein (GFP) we established a method which, allows for detection and isolation of developing live P. falciparum liver stages by flow cytometry. Using this technique we compared the susceptibility of five immortalized human hepatocyte cell lines and primary hepatocyte cultures from three donors to infection by P. falciparum sporozoites. Here, we show that EEFs can be detected and isolated from in vitro infected cultures of the HC-04 cell line and primary human hepatocytes. We confirmed the presence of developing parasites in sorted live human hepatocytes and characterized their morphology by fluorescence microscopy. Finally, we validated the practical applications of our approach by re-examining the importance of host ligand CD81 for hepatocyte infection by P. falciparum sporozoites in vitro and assessment of the inhibitory activity of anti-sporozoite antibodies. This methodology provides us with the tools to study both, the basic biology of the P. falciparum liver stage and the effects of host-derived factors on the development of P. falciparum EEFs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. Dumoulin
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - Stefanie A. Trop
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - Jinxia Ma
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - Hao Zhang
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
| | - Matthew A. Sherman
- Triangle Research Labs, 6 Davis Drive, Durham, NC, 27709, United States of America
| | - Jelena Levitskaya
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Lv L, Kang Q, Yu X, Gao B, Hu T, Ma P, Zhang Y, Yan F, Xiao J, Deng J, Zhou X, Xu J. Tandem overexpression of five human factors renders murine hepatocytes susceptible to hepatitis C virus. Acta Virol 2015; 59:20-6. [PMID: 25790047 DOI: 10.4149/av_2015_01_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Development of mouse model of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has great significance in drug screening and vaccine research. The barriers of interspecies transmission of HCV are increasingly better understood. Human factors, namely low-density lipoprotein receptor (hLDLR), CD81 (hCD81), scavenger receptor class B type I (hSCARB1), occludin (hOCLN) and claudin 1 (hCLDN1) are all required for rendering mouse hepatocytes permissive to HCV. With the aim to humanize mouse hepatocytes we constructed two recombinant vectors tandemly expressing the first three and the last two HCV entry factors mentioned above, respectively. Cotransfection of mouse hepatocytes with these vectors made them permissive to HCV binding and entry. Tandem overexpression of hLDLR, hSCARB1, hCD81, hCLDN1 and hOCLN is a novel approach to tailoring mouse hepatocytes to HCV binding and entry which can be further used to establish a mouse model of HCV infection as a basis for developing antiviral drugs and vaccines.
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Guescini M, Canonico B, Lucertini F, Maggio S, Annibalini G, Barbieri E, Luchetti F, Papa S, Stocchi V. Muscle Releases Alpha-Sarcoglycan Positive Extracellular Vesicles Carrying miRNAs in the Bloodstream. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125094. [PMID: 25955720 PMCID: PMC4425492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, skeletal muscle has emerged as an important secretory organ producing soluble factors, called myokines, that exert either autocrine, paracrine or endocrine effects. Moreover, recent studies have shown that muscle releases microRNAs into the bloodstream in response to physical exercise. These microRNAs affect target cells, such as hormones and cytokines. The mechanisms underlying microRNA secretion are poorly characterized at present. Here, we investigated whether muscle tissue releases extracellular vesicles (EVs), which carry microRNAs in the bloodstream under physiological conditions such as physical exercise. Using density gradient separation of plasma from sedentary and physically fit young men we found EVs positive for TSG101 and alpha-sarcoglycan (SGCA), and enriched for miR-206. Cytometric analysis showed that the SGCA+ EVs account for 1–5% of the total and that 60–65% of these EVs were also positive for the exosomal marker CD81. Furthermore, the SGCA-immuno captured sub-population of EVs exhibited higher levels of the miR-206/miR16 ratio compared to total plasma EVs. Finally, a significant positive correlation was found between the aerobic fitness and muscle-specific miRNAs and EV miR-133b and -181a-5p were significantly up-regulated after acute exercise. Thus, our study proposes EVs as a novel means of muscle communication potentially involved in muscle remodeling and homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Guescini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Barbara Canonico
- Department of Human, Environment and Nature Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesco Lucertini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Serena Maggio
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Giosué Annibalini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Elena Barbieri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Francesca Luchetti
- Department of Human, Environment and Nature Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Stefano Papa
- Department of Human, Environment and Nature Science, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Vilberto Stocchi
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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Abstract
HIV-1 Nef is an important pathogenic factor for HIV/AIDS pathogenesis. Several recent studies including ours have demonstrated that Nef can be transferred to neighboring cells and alters the function of these cells. However, how the intercellular Nef transfer occurs is in dispute. In the current study, we attempted to address this important issue using several complementary strategies, a panel of exosomal markers, and human CD4+ T lymphocyte cell line Jurkat and a commonly used cell line 293T. First, we showed that Nef was transferred from Nef-expressing or HIV-infected Jurkat to naïve Jurkat and other non-Jurkat cells and that the transfer required the membrane targeting function of Nef and was cell density-dependent. Then, we showed that Nef transfer was cell-cell contact-dependent, as exposure to culture supernatants or exosomes from HIV-infected Jurkat or Nef-expressing Jurkat and 293T led to little Nef detection in the target cells Jurkat. Thirdly, we demonstrated that Nef was only detected to be associated with HIV virions but not with acetylcholinesterase (AChE+) exosomes from HIV-infected Jurkat and not in the exosomes from Nef-expressing Jurkat. In comparison, when it was over-expressed in 293T, Nef was detected in detergent-insoluble AChE+/CD81low/TSG101low exosomes, but not in detergent-soluble AChE-/CD81high/TSG101high exosomes. Lastly, microscopic imaging showed no significant Nef detection in exosomal vesicle-like structures in and out 293T. Taken together, these results show that exosomes are unlikely involved in intercellular Nef transfer. In addition, this study reveals existence of two types of exosomes: AChE+/CD81low/TSG101low exosomes and AChE-/CD81high/TSG101high exosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Luo
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, United States of America
| | - Yan Fan
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, United States of America
| | - In-Woo Park
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, United States of America
| | - Johnny J. He
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, 76107, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Lee MS, Kim JH, Lee JS, Yun SJ, Kim WJ, Ahn H, Park J. Prognostic Significance of CREB-Binding Protein and CD81 Expression in Primary High Grade Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer: Identification of Novel Biomarkers for Bladder Cancer Using Antibody Microarray. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0125405. [PMID: 25915404 PMCID: PMC4411067 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0125405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
High-grade (HG) bladder cancers (BCs) are genetically unstable and have an unpredictable course. The identification of prognostic factors in HG non-muscle invasive BC (NMIBC) is crucial for improving patients’ quality of life and preventing BC-specific mortality. Here, we used an antibody microarray (AbM) to identify novel candidate biomarkers in primary HG NMIBC and validated the prognostic significance of the candidate biomarkers. Three pairs of tissue samples from primary HG NMIBC and normal urothelium were analyzed using an AbM kit containing 656 antibodies, and differentially expressed proteins were identified. Among the 42 upregulated and 14 downregulated proteins with statistical significance in BC tissues, CREB-binding protein and CD81 were selected as representative upregulated and downregulated candidate biomarkers, respectively. We then validated the expression of these candidate biomarkers in primary human urothelial cells and BC cell lines by western blotting and immunofluorescence assays, and the results were consistent with the AbM expression profiles. Additionally, Kaplan-Meier survival using immunohistochemical data from an independent primary HG NMIBC cohort comprising 113 patients showed that expression of the 2 biomarkers was significantly associated with recurrence-free and progression-free survival. In multivariate analysis, the 2 biomarkers remained significant predictors for recurrence-free survival. Taken together, our findings suggest that expression of CREB-binding protein and CD81 in BC tissue specimens may have prognostic value in patients with primary HG NMIBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myung-Shin Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Joo Heon Kim
- Department of Pathology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji-Su Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seok Joong Yun
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Wun-Jae Kim
- Department of Urology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, South Korea
| | - Hanjong Ahn
- Department of Urology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinsung Park
- Department of Urology, Eulji University Hospital, Eulji University School of Medicine, Daejeon, South Korea
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Exosomes are here defined as extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the approximate size range of 30-100 nm in diameter, and are observed in most body fluids containing typical exosomal markers such as CD9, CD63, and CD81. Potential subpopulations of exosomes can be captured by targeting these markers using magnetic beads. Magnetic beads are versatile tools for exosome isolation and downstream analysis. Here, we describe the workflow of immuno magnetic isolation and analysis of exosomes by flow cytometry, Western immunoblotting, and electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten P Oksvold
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Al Olaby RR, Cocquerel L, Zemla A, Saas L, Dubuisson J, Vielmetter J, Marcotrigiano J, Khan AG, Catalan FV, Perryman AL, Freundlich JS, Forli S, Levy S, Balhorn R, Azzazy HM. Identification of a novel drug lead that inhibits HCV infection and cell-to-cell transmission by targeting the HCV E2 glycoprotein. PLoS One 2014; 9:e111333. [PMID: 25357246 PMCID: PMC4214736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0111333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infects 200 million individuals worldwide. Although several FDA approved drugs targeting the HCV serine protease and polymerase have shown promising results, there is a need for better drugs that are effective in treating a broader range of HCV genotypes and subtypes without being used in combination with interferon and/or ribavirin. Recently, two crystal structures of the core of the HCV E2 protein (E2c) have been determined, providing structural information that can now be used to target the E2 protein and develop drugs that disrupt the early stages of HCV infection by blocking E2’s interaction with different host factors. Using the E2c structure as a template, we have created a structural model of the E2 protein core (residues 421–645) that contains the three amino acid segments that are not present in either structure. Computational docking of a diverse library of 1,715 small molecules to this model led to the identification of a set of 34 ligands predicted to bind near conserved amino acid residues involved in the HCV E2: CD81 interaction. Surface plasmon resonance detection was used to screen the ligand set for binding to recombinant E2 protein, and the best binders were subsequently tested to identify compounds that inhibit the infection of Huh-7 cells by HCV. One compound, 281816, blocked E2 binding to CD81 and inhibited HCV infection in a genotype-independent manner with IC50’s ranging from 2.2 µM to 4.6 µM. 281816 blocked the early and late steps of cell-free HCV entry and also abrogated the cell-to-cell transmission of HCV. Collectively the results obtained with this new structural model of E2c suggest the development of small molecule inhibitors such as 281816 that target E2 and disrupt its interaction with CD81 may provide a new paradigm for HCV treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem R. Al Olaby
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Laurence Cocquerel
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS-UMR8204/Inserm-U1019, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille North of France, Lille, France
| | - Adam Zemla
- Pathogen Bioinformatics, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA, United States of America
| | - Laure Saas
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS-UMR8204/Inserm-U1019, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille North of France, Lille, France
| | - Jean Dubuisson
- Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, CNRS-UMR8204/Inserm-U1019, Pasteur Institute of Lille, University of Lille North of France, Lille, France
| | - Jost Vielmetter
- Protein Expression Center, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph Marcotrigiano
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Abdul Ghafoor Khan
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States of America
| | - Felipe Vences Catalan
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Alexander L. Perryman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging & Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Joel S. Freundlich
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Center for Emerging & Re-emerging Pathogens, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, United States of America
| | - Stefano Forli
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States of America
| | - Shoshana Levy
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, United States of America
| | - Rod Balhorn
- Department of Applied Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Hassan M. Azzazy
- Department of Chemistry, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo, Egypt
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Risco-Castillo V, Topçu S, Son O, Briquet S, Manzoni G, Silvie O. CD81 is required for rhoptry discharge during host cell invasion by Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. Cell Microbiol 2014; 16:1533-48. [PMID: 24798694 DOI: 10.1111/cmi.12309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2014] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Plasmodium sporozoites are transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes and first infect the liver of their mammalian host, where they develop as liver stages before the onset of erythrocytic infection and malaria symptoms. Sporozoite entry into hepatocytes is an attractive target for anti-malarial prophylactic strategies but remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Apicomplexan parasites invade host cells by forming a parasitophorous vacuole that is essential for parasite development, a process that involves secretion of apical organelles called rhoptries. We previously reported that the host membrane protein CD81 is required for infection by Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium yoelii sporozoites. CD81 acts at an early stage of infection, possibly at the entry step, but the mechanisms involved are still unknown. To investigate the role of CD81 during sporozoite entry, we generated transgenic P. yoelii parasites expressing fluorescent versions of three known rhoptry proteins, RON2, RON4 and RAP2/3. We observed that RON2 and RON4 are lost following rhoptry discharge during merozoite and sporozoite entry. In contrast, our data indicate that RAP2/3 is secreted into the parasitophorous vacuole during infection. We further show that sporozoite rhoptry discharge occurs only in the presence of CD81, providing the first direct evidence for a role of CD81 during sporozoite productive invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Risco-Castillo
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMRS CR7, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses (CIMI-Paris), F-75013, Paris, France; INSERM, U1135, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France; CNRS, ERL 8255, CIMI-Paris, F-75013, Paris, France
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50
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Zhao Y, Ren Y, Zhang X, Zhao P, Tao W, Zhong J, Li Q, Zhang XL. Ficolin-2 inhibits hepatitis C virus infection, whereas apolipoprotein E3 mediates viral immune escape. J Immunol 2014; 193:783-96. [PMID: 24928988 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1302563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human ficolin-2 (L-ficolin/p35) is a lectin-complement pathway activator that is present in normal human plasma and is associated with infectious diseases; however, little is known regarding the roles and mechanisms of ficolin-2 during chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this study, we found that ficolin-2 inhibits the entry of HCV at an early stage of viral infection, regardless of the viral genotype. Ficolin-2 neutralized and inhibited the initial attachment and infection of HCV by binding to the HCV envelope surface glycoproteins E1 and E2, blocking HCV attachment to low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and scavenger receptor B1, and weakly interfering with CD81 receptor attachment. However, no interference with claudin-1 and occludin receptor attachment was observed. The C-terminal fibrinogen domain (201-313 aa) of ficolin-2 was identified as the critical binding region for the HCV-E1-E2 N-glycans, playing a critical role in the anti-HCV activity. More importantly, we found that apolipoprotein E (ApoE)3, which is enriched in the low-density fractions of HCV RNA-containing particles, promotes HCV infection and inhibits ficolin-2-mediated antiviral activity. ApoE3, but not ApoE2 and ApoE4, blocked the interaction between ficolin-2 and HCV-E2. Our data suggest that the HCV entry inhibitor ficolin-2 is a novel and promising antiviral innate immune molecule, whereas ApoE3 blocks the effect of ficolin-2 and mediates an immune escape mechanism during chronic HCV infection. HCV may be neutralized using compounds directed against the lipoprotein moiety of the viral particle, and ApoE3 may be a new target to combat HCV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Apolipoprotein E3/genetics
- Apolipoprotein E3/immunology
- Apolipoprotein E3/metabolism
- Binding, Competitive/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/metabolism
- HEK293 Cells
- HeLa Cells
- Hepacivirus/genetics
- Hepacivirus/immunology
- Hepacivirus/physiology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Humans
- Lectins/genetics
- Lectins/immunology
- Lectins/metabolism
- Mannans/immunology
- Mannans/metabolism
- Microscopy, Confocal
- Polysaccharides/immunology
- Polysaccharides/metabolism
- Protein Binding/immunology
- RNA Interference
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/immunology
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/genetics
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/immunology
- Scavenger Receptors, Class B/metabolism
- Tetraspanin 28/genetics
- Tetraspanin 28/immunology
- Tetraspanin 28/metabolism
- Tumor Escape/genetics
- Tumor Escape/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
- Ficolins
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinglan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yushan Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xuping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Ping Zhao
- Department of Microbiology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Wanyin Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Jin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Virology and Immunology, Institute Pasteur of Shanghai, Shanghai 200025, China; and
| | - Qiao Li
- University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI 48109
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China;
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