1
|
Nakada-Masuta T, Takeda H, Uchida K. Novel Approach for Obtaining Variable Domain of New Antigen Receptor with Different Physicochemical Properties from Japanese Topeshark ( Hemitriakis japanica). Mar Drugs 2023; 21:550. [PMID: 37999374 PMCID: PMC10672104 DOI: 10.3390/md21110550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Diverse candidate antibodies are needed to successfully identify therapeutic and diagnostic applications. The variable domain of IgNAR (VNAR), a shark single-domain antibody, has attracted attention owing to its favorable physicochemical properties. The phage display method used to screen for optimal VNARs loses sequence diversity because of the bias caused by the differential ease of protein expression in Escherichia coli. Here, we investigated a VNAR selection method that combined panning with various selection pressures and next-generation sequencing (NGS) analyses to obtain additional candidates. Drawing inspiration from the physiological conditions of sharks and the physicochemical properties of VNARs, we examined the effects of NaCl and urea concentrations, low temperature, and preheating at the binding step of panning. VNAR phage libraries generated from Japanese topeshark (Hemitriakis japanica) were enriched under these conditions. We then performed NGS analysis and attempted to select clones that were specifically enriched under each panning condition. The identified VNARs exhibited higher reactivity than those obtained by panning without selection pressure. Additionally, they possess physicochemical properties that reflect their respective selection pressures. These results can greatly enhance our understanding of VNAR properties and offer guidance for the screening of high-quality VNAR clones that are present at low frequencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tomofumi Nakada-Masuta
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 7-1-49 Minatojimaminamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan;
- Bio-Diagnostic Reagent Technology Center, Sysmex Corporation, 4-3-2 Nishi-ku Takatsukadai, Kobe 651-2271, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takeda
- Division of Proteo-Drug-Discovery Sciences, Ehime University Proteo-Science Center, Bunkyocho 3, Matsuyama 790-8577, Japan;
| | - Kazuhisa Uchida
- Graduate School of Science, Technology and Innovation, Kobe University, 7-1-49 Minatojimaminamimachi Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan;
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Wright JA, Bazile C, Clark ES, Carlesso G, Boucher J, Kleiman E, Mahmoud T, Cheng LI, López-Rodríguez DM, Satterthwaite AB, Altman NH, Greidinger EL, Khan WN. Impaired B Cell Apoptosis Results in Autoimmunity That Is Alleviated by Ablation of Btk. Front Immunol 2021; 12:705307. [PMID: 34512628 PMCID: PMC8427801 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.705307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
While apoptosis plays a role in B-cell self-tolerance, its significance in preventing autoimmunity remains unclear. Here, we report that dysregulated B cell apoptosis leads to delayed onset autoimmune phenotype in mice. Our longitudinal studies revealed that mice with B cell-specific deletion of pro-apoptotic Bim (BBimfl/fl ) have an expanded B cell compartment with a notable increase in transitional, antibody secreting and recently described double negative (DN) B cells. They develop greater hypergammaglobulinemia than mice lacking Bim in all cells and accumulate several autoantibodies characteristic of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) and related Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) including anti-nuclear, anti-Ro/SSA and anti-La/SSB at a level comparable to NODH2h4 autoimmune mouse model. Furthermore, lymphocytes infiltrated the tissues including submandibular glands and formed follicle-like structures populated with B cells, plasma cells and T follicular helper cells indicative of ongoing immune reaction. This autoimmunity was ameliorated upon deletion of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (Btk) gene, which encodes a key B cell signaling protein. These studies suggest that Bim-mediated apoptosis suppresses and B cell tyrosine kinase signaling promotes B cell-mediated autoimmunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline A. Wright
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Cassandra Bazile
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Emily S. Clark
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Gianluca Carlesso
- Early Oncology Discovery, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Justin Boucher
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eden Kleiman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Tamer Mahmoud
- Early Oncology Discovery, Early Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Lily I. Cheng
- Oncology Safety/Pathology, Clinical Pharmacology and Safety Sciences, AstraZeneca, Gaithersburg, MD, United States
| | - Darlah M. López-Rodríguez
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Anne B. Satterthwaite
- Department of Immunology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Norman H. Altman
- Department of Pathology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Eric L. Greidinger
- Department of Medicine, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Wasif N. Khan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Huang Y, Liu X, Cai J, Tang J, Cai S, Lu Y, Wang B, Jian J. Biological characterisation, expression and functional analysis of non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1 in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 104:579-586. [PMID: 32610151 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.05.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific cytotoxic cell receptor protein 1 (NCCRP-1) plays a role in recognition of target cell and activation of non-specific cytotoxic cell (NCC). In this study, the full length of Nile tilapia NCCRP-1 (On-NCCRP-1) was cloned. cDNA is composed of 1045 bp with a 90 bp of 5'-Untranslated Regions (UTR), 702 bp open reading frame (ORF) and 253 bp 3'-UTR, encoding 233 amino acids (GenBank accession no: MF162296). The On-NCCRP-1 genomic sequence is 4471 bp in length and contains six exons and five introns. On-NCCRP-1 possesses some inherent conservative domains, such as proline-rich motifs, antigen recognition site, and F-box-related domain. Subcellular localisation and Western blot analysis indicated that On-NCCRP-1 is located in the cell membrane. The transcript of On-NCCRP-1 was detected in all the examined tissues of healthy Nile tilapia by using qRT-PCR, with the highest expression levels in the liver. Following Streptococcus agalactiae challenged in vivo, the On-NCCRP-1 expression was up-regulated significantly in brain, intestines, head kidney and spleen. In the in vitro analysis, the On-NCCRP-1 expression in NCCs was up-regulated significantly from 8 h to 12 h after LPS challenge, and up-regulated significantly at 12 h after challenged with polyI:C. After NCCs were challenged with inactivated S. agalactiae, the On-NCCRP-1 expression was down-regulated significantly after 24 h. NF-кB pathway was strongly activated by the over-expression of On-NCCRP-1 in HEK-293T cells. These results indicate that On-NCCRP-1, as a membrane surface receptor of NCCs, may play an important role in immune response to pathogenic infection in Nile tilapia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Huang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinchao Liu
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China
| | - Jia Cai
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jufen Tang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuanghu Cai
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yishan Lu
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jichang Jian
- Fisheries College of Guangdong Ocean University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhanjiang), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Epidemiology for Aquatic Economic Animals & Key Laboratory of Control for Diseases of Aquatic Economic Animals of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Zhanjiang, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China; Guangdong Provincial Engineering Research Center for Aquatic Animal Health Assessment, Shenzhen, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhang W, Qin L, Cai X, Juma SN, Xu R, Wei L, Wu Y, Cui X, Chen G, Liu L, Lv Z, Jiang X. Sequence structure character of IgNAR Sec in whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 102:140-144. [PMID: 32311460 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Whitespotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) is a demersal cartilaginous fish with an adaptive immune system founded upon immunoglobulins. In this manuscript, we characterize the IgNAR of the whitespotted bamboo shark. A newly discovered alternative splicing form of IgNAR Sec (IgNARshort (ΔC2-C3) Sec) was identified, in which the C1 domain was spliced directly to the C4 domain, the process resulted in a molecule containing three constant domains. However, a single unpaired cysteine remains in the highly flexible hinge region, contributing in the formation of an interchain disulfide bond. Two types of C1 domain were found, and the one lacking a short α-helix showed lower proportion. This finding suggests that short α-helices might be important to the stability of IgNAR. High-throughput sequencing revealed that the percentage of VNAR types significantly vary between the diverse species of sharks. The variable region of IgNAR (the VNAR) with small size and stabilization is a potential candidate for immunotherapeutic agents. The structure and stability analysis in this manuscript may be useful in future biomedical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Lanyi Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Xinyi Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Salma Nassor Juma
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Rong Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Ling Wei
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yixin Wu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Xuan Cui
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Guiqian Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Lili Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Zhengbing Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, 310018, Hangzhou, China; Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Silkworm Bioreactor and Biomedicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Cheong WS, Leow CY, Abdul Majeed AB, Leow CH. Diagnostic and therapeutic potential of shark variable new antigen receptor (VNAR) single domain antibody. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 147:369-375. [PMID: 31926922 PMCID: PMC7112388 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Revised: 01/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Conventional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been widely used in research and diagnostic applications due to their high affinity and specificity. However, multiple limitations, such as large size, complex structure and sensitivity to extreme ambient temperature potentially weaken the performance of mAbs in certain applications. To address this problem, the exploration of new antigen binders is extensively required in relation to improve the quality of current diagnostic platforms. In recent years, a new immunoglobulin-based protein, namely variable domain of new antigen receptor (VNAR) was discovered in sharks. Unlike conventional mAbs, several advantages of VNARs, include small size, better thermostability and peculiar paratope structure have attracted interest of researchers to further explore on it. This article aims to first present an overview of the shark VNARs and outline the characteristics as an outstanding new reagent for diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Shien Cheong
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Chiuan Yee Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | | | - Chiuan Herng Leow
- Institute for Research in Molecular Medicine (INFORMM), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Penang, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu H, Song C, Ning J, Liu Y, Cui Z. Identification, functional characterization and the potential role of variable lymphocyte receptor EsVLRA from Eriocheir sinensis in response to secondary challenge after Vibrio parahaemolyticus vaccine. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 98:201-209. [PMID: 31923564 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) play an important role via their antigen-special reorganization in jawless vertebrates (agnathans) adaptive immune response. In the present study, the open reading frame (ORF) of Eriocheir sinensis VLRA (designated as EsVLRA) was identified. EsVLRA comprised a 799-amino-acid polypeptide with one LRR_NT domain, thirteen LRR domains and one LRR_CT domain, which showed a high domain consistency of the VLR genes in lamprey (Petromyzon marinus). The transcript of EsVLRA was detected in all examined tissues with the highest level detected in hepatopancreas. Notably, the expression of EsVLRA in hepatopancreas, gonads, gill and intestine of male crabs was significantly higher than that in females. The recombinant EsVLRA exhibited strong bacteria-binding activity rather than antibacterial activity, suggesting its crucial role in immune recognition. Furthermore, 6 h earlier response and a significantly higher peak of EsVLRA mRNA expression was observed after challenge with live Vibrio parahaemolyticus (240.6-fold, P < 0.01, crabs receive secondary challenge after V. parahaemolyticus vaccine to the carbs only receive twice PBS injection, N = 6), compared with those only received first injection with formalin-inactivated V. parahaemolyticus (39.7-fold, P < 0.01, challenge 6 h to vaccination 12 h). The findings of this study together demonstrated that EsVLRA plays an important role in the immune system of E. sinensis, serving as a pattern recognition receptor and involving in the immune priming.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hourong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chengwen Song
- School of Life Science and Food Engineering, Huaiyin Institute of Technology, Huaian, 223003, China
| | - Junhao Ning
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhaoxia Cui
- School of Marine Science, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, Ningbo, 315211, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Dos Santos NR, Ghysdael J, Tran Quang C. The TCR/CD3 complex in leukemogenesis and as a therapeutic target in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Adv Biol Regul 2019; 74:100638. [PMID: 31378701 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2019.100638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) arises from T cell precursors and is characterized by expression of many lineage-specific proteins. While T-cell antigen receptor (TCR) signaling and its strength are central for thymocyte development, mature T cell homeostasis and immune responses, their roles in T-ALL remain undetermined. Indeed, in contrast to mouse models, in which absence of TCR or major histocompatibility complex binding does not impact on leukemogenesis, other mouse models suggest that basal or weak signaling drives leukemia development. However, recent reports indicate that strong TCR signaling can be detrimental to leukemic cells. Indeed, sustained/high level TCR signaling, stimulated by antigen or CD3 antibody, is strongly anti-leukemic in both murine T-ALL expressing endogenous or transgenic TCR and diagnostic T-ALL cases. As discussed, further work should address the efficacy of T-ALL therapeutic targeting with either TCR/CD3 antibodies or TCR-directed chimeric antigen receptor T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nuno R Dos Santos
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, 4200-135, Porto, Portugal; Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto (IPATIMUP), 4200-135, Porto, Portugal.
| | - Jacques Ghysdael
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405, Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405, Orsay, France.
| | - Christine Tran Quang
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405, Orsay, France; Université Paris Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS UMR 3348, F-91405, Orsay, France.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Xia N, Haopeng P, Gong JU, Lu J, Chen Z, Zheng Y, Wang Z, Sun YU, Yang Z, Hoffman RM, Liu F. Robo1-specific CAR-NK Immunotherapy Enhances Efficacy of 125I Seed Brachytherapy in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Human Pancreatic Carcinoma. Anticancer Res 2019; 39:5919-5925. [PMID: 31704816 DOI: 10.21873/anticanres.13796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM The aim of the current study was to investigate the synergistic efficacy of Robo1 bichimeric antigen receptor-natural killer cell (BiCAR-NK) immunotherapy and 125I seed brachytherapy in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The orthotopic pancreatic tumor model was established with human pancreatic cancer BxPC-3 cells expressing red fluorescent protein. The mice were treated with 125I seed implantation alone or the combination of 125I seeds with Robo1-specific CAR-NK cells. To assess tumor inhibition, in vivo fluorescence imaging was conducted. 7 Tesla magnetic resonance (7T-MR) scanning was applied to measure the changes in the metabolic profiles of tumor tissues. RESULTS Tumor size was significantly reduced in the 125I and 125I +CAR-NK treated group compared to the untreated group (p<0.05). The 125I seed +CAR-NK treated group showed significantly higher tumor reduction than 125I seed treatment alone (p<0.05). T1 diffusion weighted imaging (T1DWI) sequence showed that the tumors of the 125I +BiCAR-NK treated group had a significantly higher grey scale value than the tumors from the untreated control and the group treated with 125I seed alone (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Robo1 specific CAR-NK immunotherapy enhances efficacy of 125I seed brachytherapy in an orthotopic pancreatic cancer mouse model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Xia
- Department of Radiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, P.R. China
- Department of Radiobiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Pang Haopeng
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - J U Gong
- Department of Radiobiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Jian Lu
- Department of Radiobiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhijin Chen
- Department of Radiobiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Yunfeng Zheng
- Department of Radiobiology, Ruijin Hospital Luwan Branch, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Zhongmin Wang
- Department of Interventional Radiology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Y U Sun
- Origin Biosciences Inc., Nanjing, P.R. China
- Anticancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Zhijian Yang
- Origin Biosciences Inc., Nanjing, P.R. China
- Anticancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Robert M Hoffman
- Anticancer Inc, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
- Department of Surgery, University of California, San Diego, CA, U.S.A
| | - Fenju Liu
- Department of Radiology, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Medical College of Soochow University, School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Soochow University, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Suzhou, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
De Silva DPN, Tan E, Mizuno N, Hosoya S, Reza MS, Watabe S, Kinoshita S, Asakawa S. Transcriptomic analysis of immunoglobulin novel antigen receptor (IgNAR) heavy chain constant domains of brownbanded bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 84:370-376. [PMID: 30291985 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Cartilaginous fish are the evolutionarily oldest group of animals which possess antibodies, T cell receptors and major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The immunoglobulin novel antigen receptor (IgNAR) found in cartilaginous fish is a heavy chain homodimer which lacks light chain. The presence of non-canonical cysteine molecules and lack of CDR2 region make it more significant. To synthesize active binding domains based on variable region of IgNAR (VNAR), knowledge on the constant region dynamics play a significant role. The IgNAR exhibit species variations in its primary sequence features; hence, this study was conducted to determine the IgNAR heavy chain constant domain of the brownbanded bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum). Peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL) isolated from adult bamboo sharks were used to synthesize a cDNA library. A total of four billion residues of two million sequences (average length 218.41 bp) were obtained. Assembled sequences were aligned with published cartilaginous fish IgNAR constant region sequences. Transcriptome analysis revealed two distinct types of IgNAR in the brownbanded bamboo shark. Also, constant-1 domain sequences displayed 13 unique sequences which may reflect the least number of IgNAR gene clusters. The phylogenetic analysis revealed the closest relationship with the nurse shark (Ginglymostoma cirratum) followed by the wobbegong shark (Orectolobus maculatus) which belong to the same order Orectolobiformes. Analysis of the constant domains of the brownbanded bamboo shark IgNAR revealed an evolutionarily conserved nature and this knowledge can be used to design primers for VNAR cloning. Furthermore, knowledge on the structural features in IgNAR constant domains that increase the stability could be useful in the process of stabilizing human immunoglobulins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D P N De Silva
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - E Tan
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - N Mizuno
- Fisheries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2971-4 Bentenjima, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-0214, Japan
| | - S Hosoya
- Fisheries Laboratory, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 2971-4 Bentenjima, Nishi-ku, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, 431-0214, Japan
| | - Md S Reza
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Watabe
- School of Marine Biosciences, Kitasato University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - S Kinoshita
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan
| | - S Asakawa
- Laboratory of Aquatic Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8657, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Chan JTH, Liu Y, Khan S, St-Germain JR, Zou C, Leung LYT, Yang J, Shi M, Grunebaum E, Campisi P, Propst EJ, Holler T, Bar-Or A, Wither JE, Cairo CW, Moran MF, Palazzo AF, Cooper MD, Ehrhardt GRA. A tyrosine sulfation-dependent HLA-I modification identifies memory B cells and plasma cells. Sci Adv 2018; 4:eaar7653. [PMID: 30417091 PMCID: PMC6221509 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aar7653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Memory B cells and plasma cells are antigen-experienced cells tasked with the maintenance of humoral protection. Despite these prominent functions, definitive cell surface markers have not been identified for these cells. We report here the isolation and characterization of the monoclonal variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) N8 antibody from the evolutionarily distant sea lamprey that specifically recognizes memory B cells and plasma cells in humans. Unexpectedly, we determined that VLRB N8 recognizes the human leukocyte antigen-I (HLA-I) antigen in a tyrosine sulfation-dependent manner. Furthermore, we observed increased binding of VLRB N8 to memory B cells in individuals with autoimmune disorders multiple sclerosis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Our study indicates that lamprey VLR antibodies uniquely recognize a memory B cell- and plasma cell-specific posttranslational modification of HLA-I, the expression of which is up-regulated during B cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Justin T. H. Chan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Yanling Liu
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Srijit Khan
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Chunxia Zou
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Judi Yang
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mengyao Shi
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eyal Grunebaum
- Division of Immunology and Allergy, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paolo Campisi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Evan J. Propst
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Theresa Holler
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amit Bar-Or
- Department of Neurology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joan E. Wither
- Department of Immunology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher W. Cairo
- Alberta Glycomics Centre and Department of Chemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael F. Moran
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Max D. Cooper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and Emory Vaccine Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Liang W, Gao M, Song X, Han Y, Go M, Su P, Li Q, Liu X. A novel CD81 homolog identified in lamprey, Lampetra japonica, with roles in the immune response of lamprey VLRB+ lymphocytes. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2018; 50:1158-1165. [PMID: 30260364 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmy116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The cluster of differentiation 81 (CD81), a member of the transmembrane 4 superfamily, is primarily found to be expressed in a wide variety of cells including T and B cells of vertebrates as a critical modulator. In the present study, the open reading frame of a CD81 gene homolog (Lja-CD81) was cloned in lamprey, Lampetra japonica, which is 702 bp long and encodes a protein of 233-amino acids. Although Lja-CD81 seems to be close to CD9 molecules in their full-length sequences, Lja-CD81 possesses higher identity to vertebrates' CD81 than to CD9 (including a lamprey CD9) molecules in their large extracellular loops. In addition, it also possesses a myristoylation site (Met-Gly-Val-Glu-Gly-Cys-Leu-Lys) in its N-terminal region which is identical to the N-terminal regions of CD81 molecules. These data suggest that CD9 and CD81 molecules diverged no later than the emergence of jawless vertebrates. The mRNA levels of Lja-CD81 in lymphocytes and supraneural myeloid bodies were up-regulated significantly after stimulation with mixed antigens, and a similar expressional pattern of Lja-CD81 at protein level was also confirmed. Furthermore, Lja-CD81 was found to be co-localized with variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) evenly on the cell membrane of peripheral blood lymphocytes isolated from control group, but they were found to aggregate on one side of the membrane of peripheral blood VLRB+ lymphocytes after stimulation with mixed antigens. All these results indicate that the Lja-CD81 identified in lamprey may play an important role in the immune response of lamprey VLRB+ lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Liang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Miceng Gao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xueying Song
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Meng Go
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Helsen CW, Hammill JA, Lau VWC, Mwawasi KA, Afsahi A, Bezverbnaya K, Newhook L, Hayes DL, Aarts C, Bojovic B, Denisova GF, Kwiecien JM, Brain I, Derocher H, Milne K, Nelson BH, Bramson JL. The chimeric TAC receptor co-opts the T cell receptor yielding robust anti-tumor activity without toxicity. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3049. [PMID: 30076299 PMCID: PMC6076291 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Engineering T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) is an effective method for directing T cells to attack tumors, but may cause adverse side effects such as the potentially lethal cytokine release syndrome. Here the authors show that the T cell antigen coupler (TAC), a chimeric receptor that co-opts the endogenous TCR, induces more efficient anti-tumor responses and reduced toxicity when compared with past-generation CARs. TAC-engineered T cells induce robust and antigen-specific cytokine production and cytotoxicity in vitro, and strong anti-tumor activity in a variety of xenograft models including solid and liquid tumors. In a solid tumor model, TAC-T cells outperform CD28-based CAR-T cells with increased anti-tumor efficacy, reduced toxicity, and faster tumor infiltration. Intratumoral TAC-T cells are enriched for Ki-67+ CD8+ T cells, demonstrating local expansion. These results indicate that TAC-T cells may have a superior therapeutic index relative to CAR-T cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Adoptive Transfer
- Animals
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/blood
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Genetic Engineering
- HEK293 Cells
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Protein Engineering
- Receptor, ErbB-2/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Recombinant Proteins/immunology
- Single-Domain Antibodies
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/genetics
- T-Cell Antigen Receptor Specificity/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Vision, Ocular
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher W Helsen
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Joanne A Hammill
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Vivian W C Lau
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Kenneth A Mwawasi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Arya Afsahi
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Ksenia Bezverbnaya
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Lisa Newhook
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Danielle L Hayes
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Craig Aarts
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Bojana Bojovic
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Galina F Denisova
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Jacek M Kwiecien
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
- Department of Clinical Pathomorphology, Medical University of Lublin, Racławickie 1 Street, 20-059, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ian Brain
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada
| | - Heather Derocher
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Ave, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Katy Milne
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Ave, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Brad H Nelson
- Trev & Joyce Deeley Research Centre, British Columbia Cancer Agency, 2410 Lee Ave, Victoria, BC, V8R 6V5, Canada
| | - Jonathan L Bramson
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main St W, Hamilton, ON, L8S 4L8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
An increased understanding of the interactions between the immune system and tumors has opened the door to immunotherapy for cancer patients. Despite some success with checkpoint inhibitors including ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and nivolumab, most cancer patients remain unresponsive to such immunotherapy, likely due to intrinsic tumor resistance. The mechanisms most likely involve reducing the quantity and/or quality of antitumor lymphocytes, which ultimately are driven by any number of developments: tumor mutations and adaptations, reduced neoantigen generation or expression, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) overexpression, loss of phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN) expression, and overexpression of the Wnt⁻β-catenin pathway. Current work in immunotherapy continues to identify various tumor resistance mechanisms; future work is needed to develop adjuvant treatments that target those mechanisms, in order to improve the efficacy of immunotherapy and to expand its scope.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- John Rieth
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, 11-212 Moos Tower, Mayo Mail Code 195, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Subbaya Subramanian
- Department of Surgery, University of Minnesota Medical School, 11-212 Moos Tower, Mayo Mail Code 195, 420 Delaware Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Neunkirchner A, Kratzer B, Köhler C, Smole U, Mager LF, Schmetterer KG, Trapin D, Leb-Reichl V, Rosloniec E, Naumann R, Kenner L, Jahn-Schmid B, Bohle B, Valenta R, Pickl WF. Genetic restriction of antigen-presentation dictates allergic sensitization and disease in humanized mice. EBioMedicine 2018; 31:66-78. [PMID: 29678672 PMCID: PMC6014064 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 03/29/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunoglobulin(Ig)E-associated allergies result from misguided immune responses against innocuous antigens. CD4+ T lymphocytes are critical for initiating and perpetuating that process, yet the crucial factors determining whether an individual becomes sensitized towards a given allergen remain largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the key factors for sensitization and allergy towards a given allergen. METHODS We here created a novel human T cell receptor(TCR) and human leucocyte antigen (HLA)-DR1 (TCR-DR1) transgenic mouse model of asthma, based on the human-relevant major mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) pollen allergen Art v 1 to examine the critical factors for sensitization and allergy upon natural allergen exposure via the airways in the absence of systemic priming and adjuvants. RESULTS Acute allergen exposure led to IgE-independent airway hyperreactivity (AHR) and T helper(Th)2-prone lung inflammation in TCR-DR1, but not DR1, TCR or wildtype (WT) control mice, that was alleviated by prophylactic interleukin(IL)-2-αIL-2 mAb complex-induced expansion of Tregs. Chronic allergen exposure sensitized one third of single DR1 transgenic mice, however, without impacting on lung function. Similar treatment led to AHR and Th2-driven lung pathology in >90% of TCR-DR1 mice. Prophylactic and therapeutic expansion of Tregs with IL-2-αIL-2 mAb complexes blocked the generation and boosting of allergen-specific IgE associated with chronic allergen exposure. CONCLUSIONS We identify genetic restriction of allergen presentation as primary factor dictating allergic sensitization and disease against the major pollen allergen from the weed mugwort, which frequently causes sensitization and disease in humans. Furthermore, we demonstrate the importance of the balance between allergen-specific T effector and Treg cells for modulating allergic immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alina Neunkirchner
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernhard Kratzer
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cordula Köhler
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Smole
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas F Mager
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus G Schmetterer
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Doris Trapin
- Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Edward Rosloniec
- Department of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA; Memphis Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 38104, TN, USA; Department of Pathology, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, 38163, TN, USA
| | - Ronald Naumann
- Max Planck Institute for Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Department of Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research, Vienna, Austria
| | - Beatrice Jahn-Schmid
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Rudolf Valenta
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Winfried F Pickl
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Immunomodulation, 1090 Vienna, Austria; Institute of Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Treatments in metastatic pancreas cancer remain based in cytotoxic chemotherapy, and novel treatment strategies are needed. Building on the emerging role of T cell therapy in hematologic malignancies and our understanding of the underlying biology of pancreas cancer, research is growing in the role of T cell therapy for patients with solid tumors in general and more specifically patients with pancreas cancer. This review will focus on describing the biology of T cell therapy and its current applications in pancreas cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Varghese
- Gastrointestinal Oncology Service, Division of Solid Tumor Oncology, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Collins BC, Nakahara H, Acharya S, Cooper MD, Herrin BR, Wilson IA. Crystal structure of an anti-idiotype variable lymphocyte receptor. Acta Crystallogr F Struct Biol Commun 2017; 73:682-687. [PMID: 29199989 PMCID: PMC5713673 DOI: 10.1107/s2053230x1701620x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), the leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-based antigen receptors of jawless fish, have great utility in a wide variety of biochemical and biological applications, similar to classical Ig-based antibodies. VLR-based reagents may be particularly useful when traditional antibodies are not available. An anti-idiotype lamprey VLR, VLR39, has previously been identified that recognizes the heavy-chain CDR3 of the B-cell receptor (BCR) of a leukemic clone from a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). VLR39 was used successfully to track the re-emergence of this clone in the patient following chemotherapy. Here, the crystal structure of VLR39 is presented at 1.5 Å resolution and compared with those of other protein-specific VLRs. VLR39 adopts a curved solenoid fold and exhibits substantial structural similarity to other protein-binding VLRs. VLR39 has a short LRRCT loop that protrudes outwards away from the concave face and is similar to those of its protein-specific VLR counterparts. Analysis of the VLR39-BCR interaction by size-exclusion chromatography and biolayer interferometry using the scFv version of the BCR confirms that VLR39 recognizes the BCR Fv region. Such VLR-based reagents may be useful for identifying and monitoring leukemia in CLL patients and in other clinical diagnostic assays.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Chromatography, Gel
- Crystallography, X-Ray
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Humans
- Models, Molecular
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, Antigen/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/chemistry
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/chemistry
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernard C. Collins
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Hiro Nakahara
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Sharmistha Acharya
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Max D. Cooper
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Brantley R. Herrin
- Emory Vaccine Center and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, 1462 Clifton Road Northeast, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | - Ian A. Wilson
- Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Wu Y, Xu R, Jia K, Shi H. The efficacy of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) immunotherapy in animal models for solid tumors: A systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187902. [PMID: 29141027 PMCID: PMC5687736 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Most recently, an emerging theme in the field of tumor immunology predominates: chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) therapy in treating solid tumors. The number of related preclinical trials was surging. However, an evaluation of the effects of preclinical studies remained absent. Hence, a meta-analysis was conducted on the efficacy of CAR in animal models for solid tumors. Methods The authors searched PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Google scholar up to April 2017. HR for survival was extracted based on the survival curve. The authors used fixed effect models to combine the results of all the trials. Heterogeneity was assessed by I-square statistic. Quality assessment was conducted following the Stroke Therapy Academic Industry Roundtable standard. Publication bias was assessed using Egger's test. Results Eleven trials were included, including 54 experiments with a total of 362 animals involved. CAR immunotherapy significantly improved the survival of animals (HR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13–0.37, P < 0.001). The quality assessment revealed that no study reported whether allocation concealment and blinded outcome assessment were conducted, and only five studies implemented randomization. Conclusions This meta-analysis indicated that CAR therapy may be a potential clinical strategy in treating solid tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingcheng Wu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ran Xu
- Medical School of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Keren Jia
- Medical School of Nantong University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Shi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Hoseini SS, Cheung NKV. Immunotherapy of hepatocellular carcinoma using chimeric antigen receptors and bispecific antibodies. Cancer Lett 2017; 399:44-52. [PMID: 28428075 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most lethal cancers worldwide with an overall survival rate of less than 15% in developed countries. Despite attempts at new therapeutic strategies, the majority of patients succumb to this cancer. Buttressed by the highly successful clinical impact in melanoma, immunotherapy is gaining momentum as the next treatment modality for many human cancers. Chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) contain the antigen binding moieties of a monoclonal antibody and the co-stimulatory and signaling domains associated with effector receptor signaling. Bispecific antibodies (BsAb) combine the binding specificities of two different monoclonal antibodies, one activating a receptor on a killer effector cell, while the other engaging a tumor-associated antigen to initiate tumor cytotoxicity. In this review, we survey the HCC targets for which CARs and bispecific antibodies have been generated. The pros and cons of these targets for T-cell and Natural Killer cell based immunotherapy will be discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Nai-Kong V Cheung
- Department of Pediatrics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Majzner RG, Heitzeneder S, Mackall CL. Harnessing the Immunotherapy Revolution for the Treatment of Childhood Cancers. Cancer Cell 2017; 31:476-485. [PMID: 28366678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2017.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies can be classified into agents that amplify natural immune responses (e.g., checkpoint inhibitors) versus synthetic immunotherapies designed to initiate new responses (e.g., monoclonal antibodies [mAbs], chimeric antigen receptors [CARs]). Checkpoint inhibitors mediate unprecedented benefit in some adult cancers, but have not demonstrated significant activity in pediatric cancers, likely due their paucity of neoantigens. In contrast, synthetic immunotherapies such as mAbs and CAR T cells demonstrate impressive effects against childhood cancers. Intense efforts are underway to enhance the effectiveness of pediatric cancer immunotherapies through improved engineering of synthetic immunotherapies and by combining these with agents designed to amplify immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robbie G Majzner
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | | | - Crystal L Mackall
- Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA; Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy at Stanford, Stanford Cancer Institute, Stanford University, 265 Campus Drive, G3141A, MC5456, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Abstract
Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma are both good targets for immunotherapy, as they are accessible to antibodies and cell-based immunotherapy, express costimulatory molecules, and express lineage-restricted, viral, and unique tumor antigens. Blockade of the programmed-death 1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint has produced very encouraging response rates in patients with Hodgkin lymphoma, whereas adoptive transfer of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV)-specific T cells has shown clinical activity in patients with posttransplant lymphoma and other EBV-associated lymphomas. T cells can also be genetically modified with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to confer specificity for surface antigens, and studies of CD19 CARs in lymphoma also have had encouraging response rates. Future directions include combination of checkpoint blockade and adoptive T-cell studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Premal Lulla
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Helen E Heslop
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Tian G, Courtney AN, Jena B, Heczey A, Liu D, Marinova E, Guo L, Xu X, Torikai H, Mo Q, Dotti G, Cooper LJ, Metelitsa LS. CD62L+ NKT cells have prolonged persistence and antitumor activity in vivo. J Clin Invest 2016; 126:2341-55. [PMID: 27183388 DOI: 10.1172/jci83476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Vα24-invariant natural killer T cells (NKTs) localize to tumors and have inherent antitumor properties, making them attractive chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) carriers for redirected cancer immunotherapy. However, clinical application of CAR-NKTs has been impeded, as mechanisms responsible for NKT expansion and the in vivo persistence of these cells are unknown. Here, we demonstrated that antigen-induced expansion of primary NKTs in vitro associates with the accumulation of a CD62L+ subset and exhaustion of CD62L- cells. Only CD62L+ NKTs survived and proliferated in response to secondary stimulation. When transferred to immune-deficient NSG mice, CD62L+ NKTs persisted 5 times longer than CD62L- NKTs. Moreover, CD62L+ cells transduced with a CD19-specific CAR achieved sustained tumor regression in a B cell lymphoma model. Proliferating CD62L+ cells downregulated or maintained CD62L expression when activated via T cell receptor alone or in combination with costimulatory receptors. We generated HLAnull K562 cell clones that were engineered to express CD1d and costimulatory ligands. Clone B-8-2 (HLAnullCD1dmedCD86high4-1BBLmedOX40Lhigh) induced the highest rates of NKT expansion and CD62L expression. B-8-2-expanded CAR-NKTs exhibited prolonged in vivo persistence and superior therapeutic activities in models of lymphoma and neuroblastoma. Therefore, we have identified CD62L as a marker of a distinct NKT subset endowed with high proliferative potential and have developed artificial antigen-presenting cells that generate CD62L-enriched NKTs for effective cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigen-Presenting Cells/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Proliferation
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive
- L-Selectin/metabolism
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, SCID
- Natural Killer T-Cells/classification
- Natural Killer T-Cells/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
|
22
|
Raveendran D, Raghavan SC. Biochemical Characterization of Nonamer Binding Domain of RAG1 Reveals its Thymine Preference with Respect to Length and Position. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19091. [PMID: 26742581 PMCID: PMC4705477 DOI: 10.1038/srep19091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
RAG complex consisting of RAG1 and RAG2 is a site-specific endonuclease responsible for the generation of antigen receptor diversity. It cleaves recombination signal sequence (RSS), comprising of conserved heptamer and nonamer. Nonamer binding domain (NBD) of RAG1 plays a central role in the recognition of RSS. To investigate the DNA binding properties of the domain, NBD of murine RAG1 was cloned, expressed and purified. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays showed that NBD binds with high affinity to nonamer in the context of 12/23 RSS or heteroduplex DNA. NBD binding was specific to thymines when single stranded DNA containing poly A, C, G or T were used. Biolayer interferometry studies showed that poly T binding to NBD was robust and comparable to that of 12RSS. More than 23 nt was essential for NBD binding at homothymidine stretches. On a double-stranded DNA, NBD could bind to A:T stretches, but not G:C or random sequences. Although NBD is indispensable for sequence specific activity of RAGs, external supplementation of purified nonamer binding domain to NBD deleted cRAG1/cRAG2 did not restore its activity, suggesting that the overall domain architecture of RAG1 is important. Therefore, we define the sequence requirements of NBD binding to DNA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deepthi Raveendran
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| | - Sathees C. Raghavan
- Department of Biochemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, 560 012, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Suerth JD, Morgan MA, Kloess S, Heckl D, Neudörfl C, Falk CS, Koehl U, Schambach A. Efficient generation of gene-modified human natural killer cells via alpharetroviral vectors. J Mol Med (Berl) 2016; 94:83-93. [PMID: 26300042 DOI: 10.1007/s00109-015-1327-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in tumor immunotherapy with their unique capability of killing transformed cells without the need for prior sensitization and without major histocompatibility complex (MHC)/peptide restriction. However, tumor cells can escape NK cell cytotoxicity by various tumor immune escape mechanisms. To overcome these escape mechanisms, NK cells can be modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs), enhancing their tumor-specific cytotoxicity. To determine the most efficacious method to modify human NK cells, we compared different retroviral vector systems, retroviral pseudotypes, and transduction protocols. Using optimized transduction conditions, the highest transduction levels (up to 60%) were achieved with alpharetroviral vectors. Alpharetroviral-modified primary human NK cells exhibited no alteration in receptor expression and had similar degranulation activity as untransduced NK cells, thus demonstrating that alpharetroviral modification did not negatively affect NK cell cytotoxicity. Transduction of NK cells with an alpharetroviral vector containing a CD19 CAR expression cassette selectively enhanced NK cell cytotoxicity towards CD19-expressing leukemia cells, achieving nearly complete elimination of leukemia cells after 48 h. Taken together, alpharetroviral vectors are promising tools for NK cell-mediated cancer immunotherapy applications. KEY MESSAGES Efficient modification of human NK cells using alpharetroviral vectors. Anti-CD19-CAR-NK cells exhibited improved cytotoxicity towards CD19(+) leukemia cells. Alpharetroviral vectors are promising tools for immunotherapy applications using NK cells.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Alpharetrovirus/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Green Fluorescent Proteins/genetics
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Leukemia/immunology
- Leukemia/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
- Transduction, Genetic/methods
- Tumor Escape/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julia D Suerth
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Michael A Morgan
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stephan Kloess
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Dirk Heckl
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Neudörfl
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine S Falk
- Institute of Transplant Immunology, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ulrike Koehl
- Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, IFB-Tx, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625, Hannover, Germany.
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Karlsson H, Svensson E, Gigg C, Jarvius M, Olsson-Strömberg U, Savoldo B, Dotti G, Loskog A. Evaluation of Intracellular Signaling Downstream Chimeric Antigen Receptors. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144787. [PMID: 26700307 PMCID: PMC4689545 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
CD19-targeting CAR T cells have shown potency in clinical trials targeting B cell leukemia. Although mainly second generation (2G) CARs carrying CD28 or 4-1BB have been investigated in patients, preclinical studies suggest that third generation (3G) CARs with both CD28 and 4-1BB have enhanced capacity. However, little is known about the intracellular signaling pathways downstream of CARs. In the present work, we have analyzed the signaling capacity post antigen stimulation in both 2G and 3G CARs. 3G CAR T cells expanded better than 2G CAR T cells upon repeated stimulation with IL-2 and autologous B cells. An antigen-driven accumulation of CAR+ cells was evident post antigen stimulation. The cytotoxicity of both 2G and 3G CAR T cells was maintained by repeated stimulation. The phosphorylation status of intracellular signaling proteins post antigen stimulation showed that 3G CAR T cells had a higher activation status than 2G. Several proteins involved in signaling downstream the TCR were activated, as were proteins involved in the cell cycle, cell adhesion and exocytosis. In conclusion, 3G CAR T cells had a higher degree of intracellular signaling activity than 2G CARs which may explain the increased proliferative capacity seen in 3G CAR T cells. The study also indicates that there may be other signaling pathways to consider when designing or evaluating new generations of CARs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Case-Control Studies
- Flow Cytometry
- Healthy Volunteers
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Nude
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
- Signal Transduction
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
- Tumor Necrosis Factor Receptor Superfamily, Member 9/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Karlsson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Svensson
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Camilla Gigg
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Jarvius
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ulla Olsson-Strömberg
- Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Section of Hematology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Angelica Loskog
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ren X, Ma W, Lu H, Yuan L, An L, Wang X, Cheng G, Zuo S. Modification of cytokine-induced killer cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) enhances antitumor immunity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive malignancies. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:1517-29. [PMID: 26386966 PMCID: PMC11029695 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1757-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Accepted: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR, ErbB1, Her-1) is a cell surface molecule overexpressing in a variety of human malignancies and, thus, is an excellent target for immunotherapy. Immunotherapy targeting EGFR-overexpressing malignancies using genetically modified immune effector cells is a novel and promising approach. In the present study, we have developed an adoptive cellular immunotherapy strategy based on the chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-modified cytokine-induced killer (CAR-CIK) cells specific for the tumor cells expressing EGFR. To generate CAR-CIK cells, a lentiviral vector coding the EGFR-specific CAR was constructed and transduced into the CIK cells. The CAR-CIK cells showed significantly enhanced cytotoxicity and increased production of cytokines IFN-γ and IL-2 when co-cultured with EGFR-positive cancer cells. In tumor xenografts, adoptive immunotherapy of CAR-CIK cells could inhibit tumor growth and prolong the survival of EGFR-overexpressing human tumor xenografts. Moreover, tumor growth inhibition and prolonged survival in mice with EGFR(+) human cancer were associated with the increased persistence of CAR-CIK cells in vivo. Our study indicates that modification with EGFR-specific CAR strongly enhances the antitumor activity of the CIK cells against EGFR-positive malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuequn Ren
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Simon Street, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan Province, China
| | - Wanli Ma
- General Surgery, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan Province, China
| | - Hong Lu
- Department of Oncology, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Experimental Center of Molecular Medicine, Luohe Medical College, Luohe, 462002, Henan Province, China
| | - Lei An
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Simon Street, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan Province, China
| | - Xicai Wang
- Tumor Institute of Yunnan Province, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University (Tumor Hospital of Yunnan Province), Kunming, 650118, Yunnan, China
| | - Guanchang Cheng
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Simon Street, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan Province, China.
| | - Shuguang Zuo
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital of Henan University, No. 115, Simon Street, Kaifeng, 475001, Henan Province, China.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
In this issue of Cancer Cell, Zhao and colleagues test various chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells to show that CD28-CD3ζ CAR T cells that constitutively express 4-1BBL promote T cell expansion and tumor eradication while reducing exhaustion. The results have important implications for the development of effective CAR T cell therapies in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel R Holohan
- UCSF Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0540, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - James C Lee
- UCSF Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0540, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Bluestone
- UCSF Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, 513 Parnassus Avenue, Box 0540, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao Z, Condomines M, van der Stegen SJC, Perna F, Kloss CC, Gunset G, Plotkin J, Sadelain M. Structural Design of Engineered Costimulation Determines Tumor Rejection Kinetics and Persistence of CAR T Cells. Cancer Cell 2015; 28:415-428. [PMID: 26461090 PMCID: PMC5003056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 567] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 09/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
T cell engineering is a powerful means to rapidly generate anti-tumor T cells. The costimulatory properties of second-generation chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) determine the overall potency of adoptively transferred T cells. Using an in vivo "stress test" to challenge CD19-targeted T cells, we studied the functionality and persistence imparted by seven different CAR structures providing CD28 and/or 4-1BB costimulation. One configuration, which uses two signaling domains (CD28 and CD3ζ) and the 4-1BB ligand, provided the highest therapeutic efficacy, showing balanced tumoricidal function and increased T cell persistence accompanied by an elevated CD8/CD4 ratio and decreased exhaustion. Remarkably, induction of the IRF7/IFNβ pathway was required for optimal anti-tumor activity. Thus, 1928z-41BBL T cells possess strikingly potent intrinsic and immunomodulatory qualities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zeguo Zhao
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Maud Condomines
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Sjoukje J C van der Stegen
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Fabiana Perna
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Christopher C Kloss
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Gertrude Gunset
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason Plotkin
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Immunology Program, Sloan Kettering Institute, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Condomines M, Arnason J, Benjamin R, Gunset G, Plotkin J, Sadelain M. Tumor-Targeted Human T Cells Expressing CD28-Based Chimeric Antigen Receptors Circumvent CTLA-4 Inhibition. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130518. [PMID: 26110267 PMCID: PMC4482147 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy represents a promising treatment for cancer. Human T cells engineered to express a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) recognize and kill tumor cells in a MHC-unrestricted manner and persist in vivo when the CAR includes a CD28 costimulatory domain. However, the intensity of the CAR-mediated CD28 activation signal and its regulation by the CTLA-4 checkpoint are unknown. We investigated whether T cells expressing an anti-CD19, CD3 zeta and CD28-based CAR (19-28z) displayed the same proliferation and anti-tumor abilities than T cells expressing a CD3 zeta-based CAR (19z1) costimulated through the CD80/CD28, ligand/receptor pathway. Repeated in vitro antigen-specific stimulations indicated that 19-28z+ T cells secreted higher levels of Th1 cytokines and showed enhanced proliferation compared to those of 19z1+ or 19z1-CD80+ T cells. In an aggressive pre-B cell leukemia model, mice treated with 19-28z+ T cells had 10-fold reduced tumor progression compared to those treated with 19z1+ or 19z1-CD80+ T cells. shRNA-mediated CTLA-4 down-regulation in 19z1-CD80+ T cells significantly increased their in vivo expansion and anti-tumor properties, but had no effect in 19-28z+ T cells. Our results establish that CTLA-4 down-regulation may benefit human adoptive T cell therapy and demonstrate that CAR design can elude negative checkpoints to better sustain T cell function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maud Condomines
- Center for Cell Engineering and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (MS)
| | - Jon Arnason
- Center for Cell Engineering and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Reuben Benjamin
- Center for Cell Engineering and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Gertrude Gunset
- Center for Cell Engineering and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Jason Plotkin
- Center for Cell Engineering and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
| | - Michel Sadelain
- Center for Cell Engineering and Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry Program, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, 10065, United States of America
- * E-mail: (MC); (MS)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Seidel D, Shibina A, Siebert N, Wels WS, Reynolds CP, Huebener N, Lode HN. Disialoganglioside-specific human natural killer cells are effective against drug-resistant neuroblastoma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:621-34. [PMID: 25711293 PMCID: PMC11029162 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-015-1669-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The disialoganglioside GD2 is a well-established target antigen for passive immunotherapy in neuroblastoma (NB). Despite the recent success of passive immunotherapy with the anti-GD2 antibody ch14.18 and cytokines, treatment of high-risk NB remains challenging. We expanded the approach of GD2-specific, antibody-based immunotherapy to an application of a GD2-specific natural killer (NK) cell line, NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta. NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta is genetically engineered to express a GD2-specific chimeric antigen receptor generated from ch14.18. Here, we show that chimeric receptor expression enables NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta to effectively lyse GD2(+) NB cells also including partially or multidrug-resistant lines. Our data suggest that recognition of GD2 by the chimeric receptor is the primary mechanism involved in NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta-mediated lysis and is independent of activating NK cell receptor/ligand interactions. Furthermore, we demonstrate that NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta is able to mediate a significant anti-tumor response in vivo in a drug-resistant GD2(+) NB xenograft mouse model. NK-92-scFv(ch14.18)-zeta is an NB-specific NK cell line that has potential for future clinical development due to its high stability and activity toward GD2(+) NB cell lines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Seidel
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX USA
| | - Anastasia Shibina
- Rhön Clinic Frankfurt/Oder, Internal Medicine, Frankfurt/Oder, Germany
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX USA
| | - Nikolai Siebert
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Winfried S. Wels
- Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Georg-Speyer-Haus, Frankfurt a. M., Germany
| | | | - Nicole Huebener
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
- Texas Tech University Health Sciences Cancer Center, Lubbock, TX USA
- Max-Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Robert-Rössle-Str. 10, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Holger N. Lode
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Medicine Greifswald, Ferdinand-Sauerbruch Str., 17475 Greifswald, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
Jawless vertebrates represented by lampreys and hagfish mount antigen-specific immune responses using variable lymphocyte receptors. These receptors generate diversity comparable to that of T-cell and B-cell receptors by assembling multiple leucine-rich repeat modules with highly variable sequences. Although it is true that jawed and jawless vertebrates have structurally unrelated antigen receptors, their adaptive immune systems have much in common. Most notable is the conservation of lymphocyte lineages. It appears that specialized lymphocyte lineages emerged in a common vertebrate ancestor and that jawed and jawless vertebrates co-opted different antigen receptors within the context of such lymphocyte lineages.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masanori Kasahara
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, North 15 West 7, Sapporo, 060-8638, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Casucci M, Hawkins RE, Dotti G, Bondanza A. Overcoming the toxicity hurdles of genetically targeted T cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2015; 64:123-30. [PMID: 25488419 PMCID: PMC11028535 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-014-1641-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The recent successes of clinical trials with T cells genetically modified with either clonal T cell receptors or chimeric antigen receptors have also highlighted their potential toxicities. The aim of this focused review was to describe the adverse events observed in these clinical trials and to link them to the complex biology of genetically targeted T cells. Finally, strategies to overcome these toxicities will be proposed and discussed, including the use of suicide genes and other innovative gene therapy strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Casucci
- Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Robert E. Hawkins
- Cancer Research UK, Department of Medical Oncology, University of Manchester and Christie Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Withington, Manchester, M20 4BX UK
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, 6621 Fannin St. MC 3-3320, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Attilio Bondanza
- Innovative Immunotherapies Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Hospital Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Via Olgettina 60, 20132 Milan, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zielonka S, Weber N, Becker S, Doerner A, Christmann A, Christmann C, Uth C, Fritz J, Schäfer E, Steinmann B, Empting M, Ockelmann P, Lierz M, Kolmar H. Shark Attack: high affinity binding proteins derived from shark vNAR domains by stepwise in vitro affinity maturation. J Biotechnol 2014; 191:236-45. [PMID: 24862193 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for stepwise in vitro affinity maturation of antigen-specific shark vNAR domains is described that exclusively relies on semi-synthetic repertoires derived from non-immunized sharks. Target-specific molecules were selected from a CDR3-randomized bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) vNAR library using yeast surface display as platform technology. Various antigen-binding vNAR domains were easily isolated by screening against several therapeutically relevant antigens, including the epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), the Ephrin type-A receptor 2 (EphA2), and the human serine protease HTRA1. Affinity maturation was demonstrated for EpCAM and HTRA1 by diversifying CDR1 of target-enriched populations which allowed for the rapid selection of nanomolar binders. EpCAM-specific vNAR molecules were produced as soluble proteins and more extensively characterized via thermal shift assays and biolayer interferometry. Essentially, we demonstrate that high-affinity binders can be generated in vitro without largely compromising the desirable high thermostability of the vNAR scaffold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Zielonka
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Niklas Weber
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Becker
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Serono, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Achim Doerner
- Protein Engineering and Antibody Technologies, Merck Serono, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, D-64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Andreas Christmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christine Christmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Christina Uth
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Janine Fritz
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Elena Schäfer
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Björn Steinmann
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Martin Empting
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Department Drug Design and Optimization, Saarland University, Campus C2.3, D-66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Pia Ockelmann
- Goethe-University Frankfurt, Faculty of Biosciences, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, D-60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; University Hospital Frankfurt, Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive-Care Medicine and Pain Therapy, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Michael Lierz
- Clinic for Birds, Reptiles, Amphibians and Fish, Justus-Liebig University, Gießen, Frankfurter Str. 91-93, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Harald Kolmar
- Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Alarich-Weiss-Strasse 4, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Kuroki M, Shirasu N. Novel treatment strategies for cancer and their tumor-targeting approaches using antibodies against tumor-associated antigens. Anticancer Res 2014; 34:4481-4488. [PMID: 25075090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Novel treatment strategies for cancer that are based on a more detailed understanding over the tumor biology are based on the latest new technology and are expected to improve the current treatment outcome for patients with cancer. However, many of these strategies still have one common and critical problem, being their limited specificity for tumor cells. In this context, antibodies against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) are used in several ways to increase the tumor specificity of these novel strategies. Firstly, photodynamic or sonodynamic therapy using anti-TAA antibodies conjugated with new sensitizers offers additional therapeutic approaches. Secondly, re-targeting of T-cell immunotherapy using an anti-TAA antibody fusion protein was shown to be useful for the success of cancer immunotherapy, because the down-regulation of HLA class I molecules in tumor tissues constitutes a major tumor escape mechanism associated with tumor-specific cellular immunity. Thirdly, in oncolytic virotherapy, targeting viral vectors carrying cytolytic activity against tumor tissues by modifying the tropisms with anti-TAA antibodies is also very promising from a practical point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahide Kuroki
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Naoto Shirasu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Ozawa K. [Novel therapy for malignant lymphoma: adoptive immuno-gene therapy using chimeric antigen receptor(CAR)-expressing T lymphocytes]. Nihon Rinsho 2014; 72:547-552. [PMID: 24724418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Adoptive T-cell therapy using chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) technology is a novel approach to cancer immuno-gene therapy. CARs are hybrid proteins consisting of target-antigen-specific single-chain antibody fragment fused to intracellular T-cell activation domains (CD28 or CD137/CD3 zeta receptor). CAR-expressing engineered T lymphocytes can directly recognize and kill tumor cells in an HLA independent manner. In the United States, promising results have been obtained in the clinical trials of adoptive immuno-gene therapy using CD19-CAR-T lymphocytes for the treatment of refractory B-cell malignancies, including chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). In this review article, CD19-CAR-T gene therapy for refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma is discussed.
Collapse
|
35
|
Ma Q, Gomes EM, Lo ASY, Junghans RP. Advanced generation anti-prostate specific membrane antigen designer T cells for prostate cancer immunotherapy. Prostate 2014; 74:286-96. [PMID: 24174378 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/03/2013] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adoptive immunotherapy by infusion of designer T cells (dTc) engineered with chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) for tumoricidal activity represents a potentially highly specific modality for the treatment of cancer. In this study, 2nd generation (gen) anti-prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) dTc were developed for improving the efficacy of previously developed 1st gen dTc for prostate cancer immunotherapy. The 1st gen dTc are modified with chimeric immunoglobulin-T cell receptor (IgTCR) while the 2nd gen dTc are engineered with an immunoglobulin-CD28-T cell receptor (IgCD28TCR), which incorporates a CD28 costimulatory signal for optimal T cell activation. METHODS A 2nd gen anti-PSMA IgCD28TCR CAR was constructed by inserting the CD28 signal domain into the 1st gen CAR. 1st and 2nd gen anti-PSMA dTc were created by transducing human T cells with anti-PSMA CARs and their antitumor efficacy was compared for specific activation on PSMA-expressing tumor contact, cytotoxicity against PSMA-expressing tumor cells in vitro, and suppression of tumor growth in an animal model. RESULTS The 2nd gen dTc can be optimally activated to secrete larger amounts of cytokines such as IL2 and IFNγ than 1st gen and to proliferate more vigorously on PSMA-expressing tumor contact. More importantly, the 2nd gen dTc preserve the PSMA-specific cytotoxicity in vitro and suppress tumor growth in animal models with significant higher potency. CONCLUSIONS Our results demonstrate that 2nd gen anti-PSMA designer T cells exhibit superior antitumor functions versus 1st gen, providing a rationale for advancing this improved agent toward clinical application in prostate cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antibodies, Monoclonal
- CD28 Antigens/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Membrane/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Genetic Vectors/genetics
- Humans
- Immunotherapy, Adoptive/methods
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-2/metabolism
- Jurkat Cells
- Lymphocyte Activation
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Prostate/immunology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins
- Retroviridae/genetics
- T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Transduction, Genetic
- Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiangzhong Ma
- Department of Medicine, Biotherapeutics Development Lab, Roger Williams Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, Providence, Rhode Island
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Genetic modification of primary mouse T cells with chimeric antigen receptors (CAR) has emerged as an important tool for optimizing adoptive T cell immunotherapy strategies. However, limitations in current protocols for generating highly pure and sufficient numbers of enriched effector and helper CAR(+) T cell subsets remain problematic. Here, we describe a new retroviral transduction protocol for successfully generating transduced CD8(+) and CD4(+) T lymphocytes for in vitro and in vivo characterization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liza B John
- Cancer Immunology Program, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
After almost 40 years of studies in comparative immunology, some light has been shed on the evolutive immunobiology of vertebrates, and experimental evidences have shown that acquired immunity, defined by somatic recombination of antigen-binding molecules and memory, is an achievement as ancient as jawless vertebrates. However, the molecular processes generating antigen receptors evolved independently between jawless and jawed fishes, and produced lymphocytic cells with similar functions but employing different sets of genes. In recent years, data have been provided describing some in vitro and in vivo functional responses of fish lymphocytes. After a long gap, the number of specific markers for fish lymphocytes is increasing, thus allowing a first characterisation of lymphocyte subsets. Overall, in the near future it will be possible to open a new chapter in fish immunology and investigate functional immunity of lymphocyte responses by combining the extensive knowledge on immune gene products with markers for molecules and cells. The present review summarizes current knowledge on functional features of fish lymphocytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scapigliati
- Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-food and Forest Systems, University of Tuscia, Largo dell'Università, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
One of the remarkable characteristics of higher organisms is the enormous assortment of cell types that emerge from a common genome. The immune system, with the daunting duty of detecting an astounding number of pathogens, and the nervous system with the equally bewildering task of perceiving and interpreting the external world, are the quintessence of cellular diversity. As we began to appreciate decades ago, achieving distinct expression programs among similar cell types cannot be accomplished solely by deterministic regulatory systems, but by the involvement of some type of stochasticity. In the last few years our understanding of these non-deterministic mechanisms is advancing, and this review will provide a brief summary of the current view of stochastic gene expression with focus on olfactory receptor (OR) gene choice, the epigenetic underpinnings of which recently began to emerge.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angeliki Magklara
- Department of Anatomy, University of California San Francisco, CA 94920, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Yuan CC, Matthews AGW, Jin Y, Chen CF, Chapman BA, Ohsumi TK, Glass KC, Kutateladze TG, Borowsky ML, Struhl K, Oettinger MA. Histone H3R2 symmetric dimethylation and histone H3K4 trimethylation are tightly correlated in eukaryotic genomes. Cell Rep 2013; 1:83-90. [PMID: 22720264 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2011.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The preferential in vitro interaction of the PHD finger of RAG2, a subunit of the V(D)J recombinase, with histone H3 tails simultaneously trimethylated at lysine 4 and symmetrically dimethylated at arginine 2 (H3R2me2sK4me3) predicted the existence of the previously unknown histone modification H3R2me2s. Here, we report the in vivo identification of H3R2me2s . Consistent with the binding specificity of the RAG2 PHD finger, high levels of H3R2me2sK4me3 are found at antigen receptor gene segments ready for rearrangement. However, this double modification is much more general; it is conserved throughout eukaryotic evolution. In mouse, H3R2me2s is tightly correlated with H3K4me3 at active promoters throughout the genome. Mutational analysis in S. cerevisiae reveals that deposition of H3R2me2s requires the same Set1 complex that deposits H3K4me3. Our work suggests that H3R2me2sK4me3, not simply H3K4me3 alone, is the mark of active promoters and that factors that recognize H3K4me3 will have their binding modulated by their preference for H3R2me2s.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Chi Yuan
- Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Ohtani M, Hikima JI, Jung TS, Kondo H, Hirono I, Takeyama H, Aoki T. Variable domain antibodies specific for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) selected from a randomized IgNAR phage display library. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 34:724-728. [PMID: 23257206 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2012.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 11/19/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Phage display libraries are used to screen for nucleotide sequences that encode immunoglobulin variable (V) regions that are specific for a target antigen. We previously constructed an immunoglobulin new antigen receptor (IgNAR) phage display library. Here we used this library to obtain an IgNAR V region that is specific for viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV). A phage clone (clone 653) was found to be specific for VHSV by the biopanning method. The V region of clone 653 was used to construct a 6 × His tagged recombinant IgNAR-653 V protein (rIgNAR-653) using the Escherichia coli pET system. The rIgNAR-653 protein bound specifically to VHSV, confirming its activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maki Ohtani
- Aquatic Biotechnology Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Gyeongnam, South Korea
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Takaba H, Imai T, Miki S, Morishita Y, Miyashita A, Ishikawa N, Nishizumi H, Sakano H. A major allogenic leukocyte antigen in the agnathan hagfish. Sci Rep 2013; 3:1716. [PMID: 23612706 PMCID: PMC3634110 DOI: 10.1038/srep01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
All vertebrates, from jawless fish to mammals, possess adaptive immune systems that can detect and inactivate non-self-antigens through a vast repertoire of antigen receptors. Unlike jawed vertebrates, the hagfish utilizes variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) that are unrelated to immunoglobulin molecules but are diversified by copy-choice gene conversion mechanism. Here, we report that hagfish VLRs react with allogenic leukocyte antigens but not with self-antigens. We found that a highly polymorphic membrane protein, NICIR3, is recognized by VLRs as an allogenic leukocyte antigen (ALA). In a serological cross-reactivity test, a close correlation was observed between the amino acid differences in the protein sequences and the VLR cross-reactivities. This leukocyte antigen was predominantly expressed in phagocytic leukocytes, where it was associated with phagocytosed protein antigens. These findings suggest that a polymorphic leukocyte antigen, NICIR3/ALA, plays a pivotal role in jawless vertebrate adaptive immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Takaba
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Takeshi Imai
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
- PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- Laboratory for Sensory Circuit Formation, RIKEN Center for Developmental Biology, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shoji Miki
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Morishita
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Akihiro Miyashita
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Naoko Ishikawa
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Nishizumi
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Sakano
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Abstract
Genetic modification for enhancing cellular function has been continuously pursued for fighting diseases. Messenger RNA (mRNA) transfection is found to be a promising solution in modifying hematopoietic and immune cells for therapeutic purpose. We have developed a flow electroporation-based system for large volume electroporation of cells with various molecules, including mRNA. This allows robust and scalable mRNA transfection of primary cells of different origin. Here we describe transfection of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) mRNA into NK cells to modulate the ability of NK cells to target tumor cells. High levels of CAR expression in NK cells can be maintained for 3-7 days post transfection. CD19-specific CAR mRNA transfected NK cells demonstrate targeted lysis of CD19-expressing tumor cells OP-1, primary B-CLL tumor cells, and autologous CD19+ B cells in in vitro assays with enhanced potency: >80% lysis at effector-target ratio of 1:1. This allows current good manufacturing practices (cGMP) and regulatory compliant manufacture of CAR mRNA transfected NK cells for clinical delivery.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD19/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Electroporation/methods
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/immunology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Antigen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
- Transfection/methods
Collapse
|
43
|
Yu T, Han YL, Xiao R, Liu X, Li QW. [Variable lymphocyte receptors: the novel tool for clinical diagnosis and therapy]. Yi Chuan 2013; 35:55-61. [PMID: 23357265 DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1005.2013.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies, which are widely applied to the diagnosis and therapy of cancers as well as autoimmune diseases, have been made significant progresses. Currently, the monoclonal antibodies for clinical applications are mostly based on the modified immunoglobulins. However, the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), which are recently discovered as specific antigen receptors of jawless vertebrates, provide a new perspective for the development of antibody reagents and drugs. Compared with immunoglobulins, the antigen-binding specificity, affinity and stability of VLRs-based antibodies are better. In addition, the production technology of antigen-specific monoclonal VLRs has become more and more mature. Therefore, the VLRs have a higher clinical value and may become the next-generation antibody drug. This review focuses on the basic feature, production method and application prospect of VLRs, which provides valuable clues for the applications of VLRs in the field of clinical diagnosis and therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhu L, Zhang DP. [Advances in the study of natural small molecular antibody]. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2012; 47:1281-1286. [PMID: 23289139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Small molecule antibodies are naturally existed and well functioned but not structurally related to the conventional antibodies. They are only composed of heavy protein chains or light chains, much smaller than common antibody. The first small molecule antibody, called Nanobody was engineered from heavy-chain antibodies found in camelids. Cartilaginous fishes also have heavy-chain antibodies (IgNAR, "immunoglobulin new antigen receptor"), from which single-domain antibodies called Vnar fragments can be obtained. In addition, free light chain (FLC) antibodies in human bodies are being developed as therapeutic and diagnostic agents. Comparing to intact antibodies, common advantages of small molecule antibodies are with better solubility, tissue penetration, stability towards heat and enzymes, and comparatively low production costs. This article reviews the structural characteristics and mechanism of action of the Nanobody, IgNAR and FLC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhu
- Institute of Cancer Research, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Sahm C, Schönfeld K, Wels WS. Expression of IL-15 in NK cells results in rapid enrichment and selective cytotoxicity of gene-modified effectors that carry a tumor-specific antigen receptor. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1451-61. [PMID: 22310931 PMCID: PMC11029748 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1212-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2011] [Accepted: 01/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells hold promise for adoptive cancer immunotherapy but are dependent on cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-2 for growth and cytotoxicity. Here, we investigated the consequences of ectopic expression of IL-15 in human NK cells. IL-2 and IL-15 belong to the common γ chain family of cytokines and have overlapping activities. Transduction of clinically applicable NK-92 cells with lentiviral vectors encoding human IL-15 resulted in predominantly intracellular expression of the cytokine, and STAT5 activation, proliferation and cytotoxicity of the producer cells in the absence of IL-2. Growth of non-transduced bystander cells was not supported, allowing rapid enrichment of gene-modified cells solely by IL-2 withdrawal. This was also the case upon transduction of NK-92 and NKL cells with a bicistronic lentiviral vector encoding IL-15 and a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) targeting the pancarcinoma antigen EpCAM. Effector cells co-expressing CAR and IL-15 continued to proliferate in the absence of exogenous cytokines and displayed high and selective cell-killing activity against EpCAM-expressing breast carcinoma cells that were resistant to the natural cytotoxicity of unmodified NK cells. This strategy facilitates rapid isolation and continuous expansion of retargeted NK cells and may extend their potential clinical utility.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/immunology
- Breast Neoplasms/therapy
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/immunology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/immunology
- DNA, Complementary/genetics
- Epithelial Cell Adhesion Molecule
- Humans
- Immunotherapy/methods
- Interleukin-15/biosynthesis
- Interleukin-15/genetics
- Interleukin-15/immunology
- Interleukin-2/immunology
- Interleukin-2/pharmacology
- K562 Cells
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/immunology
- Leukemia, Erythroblastic, Acute/therapy
- Melanoma/immunology
- Melanoma/therapy
- Mice
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Sahm
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kurt Schönfeld
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Winfried S. Wels
- Chemotherapeutisches Forschungsinstitut Georg-Speyer-Haus, Paul-Ehrlich-Straße 42-44, 60596 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Rauta PR, Nayak B, Das S. Immune system and immune responses in fish and their role in comparative immunity study: a model for higher organisms. Immunol Lett 2012; 148:23-33. [PMID: 22902399 DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2012.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The basal position of fish in vertebrate phylogeny makes them very attractive for genomic and functional comparative immunity studies. Adaptive immunity arose early in vertebrate evolution, 450 million years ago between the divergence of cyclostomes and cartilaginous fish. The fundamental immune molecules, which include Ag-recognizing lymphocytes, immunoglobulins (Abs and Ig-family TCR), MHC products, and recombination-activating (RAG) 1 and 2 genes and the recombination mechanisms (cause of diversity in TCRs and Igs) are similar in fish and mammals. These molecules and their immune response mechanisms unravelled the primordial vertebrate immune system repertoire and adaptive radiations. Moreover, screening of animal models like zebrafish has a great importance to discover genes involved in T cell development, thymic organogenesis, and in immunity to infections. The zebrafish model may also be useful for cancer research due to its various features like rapid development, tractable genetics, ease in in vivo imaging and chemical screening.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradipta R Rauta
- Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela 769008, Odisha, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Chmielewski M, Abken H. CAR T cells transform to trucks: chimeric antigen receptor-redirected T cells engineered to deliver inducible IL-12 modulate the tumour stroma to combat cancer. Cancer Immunol Immunother 2012; 61:1269-77. [PMID: 22274776 PMCID: PMC11029721 DOI: 10.1007/s00262-012-1202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2011] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adoptive T cell therapy recently achieved impressive efficacy in early-phase clinical trials; this significantly raises the profile of immunotherapy in the fight against cancer. A broad variety of tumour cells can specifically be targeted by patients' T cells, which are redirected in an antibody-defined, major histocompatibility complex-unrestricted fashion by endowing them with a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). Despite promising results for some haematologic malignancies, the stroma of large, established tumours, the broad plethora of infiltrating repressor cells, and cancer cell variants that had lost the target antigen limit their therapeutic efficacy in the long term. This article reviews a newly described strategy for overcoming some of these shortcomings by engineering CAR T cells with inducible or constitutive release of IL-12. Once redirected, these T cells are activated, and released IL-12 accumulates in the tumour lesion where it promotes tumour destruction by at least two mechanisms: (1) induction of an innate immune cell response towards those cancer cells which are invisible to redirected T cells and (2) triggering programmatic changes in immune-suppressive cells. Given the enormous complexity of both tumour progression and immune attack, the upcoming strategies using CAR-redirected T cells for local delivery of immune-modulating payloads exhibited remarkable efficacy in pre-clinical models, suggesting their evaluation in clinical trials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Chmielewski
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, and Clinic I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, and Clinic I for Internal Medicine, University Hospital Cologne, Robert-Koch-Str. 21, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Abstract
Improved outcomes for children with cancer hinge on the development of new targeted therapies with acceptable short-term and long-term toxicity. Progress in basic, preclinical, and clinical arenas spanning cellular immunology, gene therapy, and cell-processing technologies have paved the way for clinical applications of chimeric antigen receptor-based therapies. This is a new form of targeted immunotherapy that merges the exquisite targeting specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the potent cytotoxicity, potential for expansion, and long-term persistence provided by cytotoxic T cells. Although this field is still in its infancy, clinical trials have already shown clinically significant antitumor activity in neuroblastoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and B-cell lymphoma, and trials targeting a variety of other adult and pediatric malignancies are under way. Ongoing work is focused on identifying optimal tumor targets and elucidating and manipulating both cell- and host-associated factors to support expansion and persistence of the genetically engineered cells in vivo. In pediatric oncology, CD19 and GD2 are compelling antigens that have already been identified for targeting pre-B acute lymphoblastic leukemia and neuroblastoma, respectively, with this approach, but it is likely that other antigens expressed in a variety of childhood cancers will also soon be targeted using this therapy. The potential to target essentially any tumor-associated cell-surface antigen for which a monoclonal antibody can be made opens up an entirely new arena for targeted therapy of childhood cancer.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Child
- Child, Preschool
- Galactosyltransferases/immunology
- Humans
- Immunotherapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/therapy
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, B-Cell/therapy
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Neuroblastoma/immunology
- Neuroblastoma/therapy
- Receptors, Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen/immunology
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/immunology
- T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/immunology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel W Lee
- Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-1104, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Abstract
Lampreys and hagfish are primitive jawless vertebrates capable of mounting specific immune responses. Lampreys possess different types of lymphocytes, akin to T and B cells of jawed vertebrates, that clonally express somatically diversified antigen receptors termed variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs), which are composed of tandem arrays of leucine-rich repeats. The VLRs appear to be diversified by a gene conversion mechanism involving lineage-specific cytosine deaminases. VLRA is expressed on the surface of T-like lymphocytes; B-like lymphocytes express and secrete VLRB as a multivalent protein. VLRC is expressed by a distinct lymphocyte lineage. VLRA-expressing cells appear to develop in a thymus-like tissue at the tip of gill filaments, and VLRB-expressing cells develop in hematopoietic tissues. Reciprocal expression patterns of evolutionarily conserved interleukins and chemokines possibly underlie cell-cell interactions during an immune response. The discovery of VLRs in agnathans illuminates the origins of adaptive immunity in early vertebrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Boehm
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nathanael McCurley
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| | - Yoichi Sutoh
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Michael Schorpp
- Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics, 79108 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Masanori Kasahara
- Department of Pathology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Max D. Cooper
- Department of Pathology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia 30322
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Zhao Y, Mangalmurti NS, Xiong Z, Prakash B, Guo F, Stolz DB, Lee JS. Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines mediates chemokine endocytosis through a macropinocytosis-like process in endothelial cells. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29624. [PMID: 22216333 PMCID: PMC3246497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/01/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Duffy antigen receptor for chemokines (DARC) shows high affinity binding to multiple inflammatory CC and CXC chemokines and is expressed by erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Recent evidence suggests that endothelial DARC facilitates chemokine transcytosis to promote neutrophil recruitment. However, the mechanism of chemokine endocytosis by DARC remains unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings We investigated the role of several endocytic pathways in DARC-mediated ligand internalization. Here we report that, although DARC co-localizes with caveolin-1 in endothelial cells, caveolin-1 is dispensable for DARC-mediated 125I-CXCL1 endocytosis as knockdown of caveolin-1 failed to inhibit ligand internalization. 125I-CXCL1 endocytosis by DARC was also independent of clathrin and flotillin-1 but required cholesterol and was, in part, inhibited by silencing Dynamin II expression.125I-CXCL1 endocytosis was inhibited by amiloride, cytochalasin D, and the PKC inhibitor Gö6976 whereas Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) enhanced ligand internalization through DARC. The majority of DARC-ligand interactions occurred on the endothelial surface, with DARC identified along plasma membrane extensions with the appearance of ruffles, supporting the concept that DARC provides a high affinity scaffolding function for surface retention of chemokines on endothelial cells. Conclusions/Significance These results show DARC-mediated chemokine endocytosis occurs through a macropinocytosis-like process in endothelial cells and caveolin-1 is dispensable for CXCL1 internalization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yani Zhao
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Nilam S. Mangalmurti
- Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Zeyu Xiong
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Bharat Prakash
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Fengli Guo
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Donna B. Stolz
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Janet S. Lee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|