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Zhu Y, Zhang Q, Pan J, Li T, Wang H, Liu J, Qian L, Zhu T, Pang Y, Li Q, Chi Y. Evolutionary analysis of SLC10 family members and insights into function and expression regulation of lamprey NTCP. Fish Physiol Biochem 2024:10.1007/s10695-024-01324-7. [PMID: 38429619 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-024-01324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
The Na ( +)-taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is a member of the solute carrier family 10 (SLC10), which consists of 7 members (SLC10a1-SLC10a7). NTCP is a transporter localized to the basolateral membrane of hepatocytes and is primarily responsible for the absorption of bile acids. Although mammalian NTCP has been extensively studied, little is known about the lamprey NTCP (L-NTCP). Here we show that L-NTCP follows the biological evolutionary history of vertebrates, with conserved domain, motif, and similar tertiary structure to higher vertebrates. L-NTCP is localized to the cell surface of lamprey primary hepatocytes by immunofluorescence analysis. HepG2 cells overexpressing L-NTCP also showed the distribution of L-NTCP on the cell surface. The expression profile of L-NTCP showed that the expression of NTCP is highest in lamprey liver tissue. L-NTCP also has the ability to transport bile acids, consistent with its higher vertebrate orthologs. Finally, using a farnesoid X receptor (FXR) antagonist, RT-qPCR and flow cytometry results showed that L-NTCP is negatively regulated by the nuclear receptor FXR. This study is important for understanding the adaptive mechanisms of bile acid metabolism after lamprey biliary atresia based on understanding the origin, evolution, expression profile, biological function, and expression regulation of L-NTCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jilong Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Tiesong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jindi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Lei Qian
- The Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yan Chi
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian116081, China.
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Gao Z, Luan Y, Li Q, Pang Y, Gou M. Identification of antibacterial activity of liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) from primitive vertebrate lamprey. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 146:109413. [PMID: 38311092 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
Liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (LEAP2) is a member of the antimicrobial peptides family and plays a key role in the innate immune system of organisms. LEAP2 orthologs have been identified from a variety of fish species, however, its function in primitive vertebrates has not been clarified. In this study, we cloned and identified Lc-LEAP2 from the primitive jawless vertebrate lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum) which includes a 25 amino acids signal peptide and a mature peptide of 47 amino acids. Although sequence similarity was low compared to other species, the mature Lc-LEAP2 possesses four conserved cysteine residues, forming a core structure with two disulfide bonds between the cysteine residues in the relative 1-3 (Cys 58 and Cys 69) and 2-4 (Cys 64 and Cys 74) positions. Lc-LEAP2 was most abundantly expressed in the muscle, supraneural body and buccal gland of lamprey, and was significantly upregulated during LPS and Poly I:C stimulations. The mature peptide was synthesized and characterized for its antibacterial activity against different bacteria. Lc-LEAP2 possessed inhibition of a wide range of bacteria with a dose-dependence, disrupting the integrity of bacterial cell membranes and binding to bacterial genomic DNA, although its inhibitory function is weak compared to that of higher vertebrates. These data suggest that Lc-LEAP2 plays an important role in the innate immunity of lamprey and is of great value in improving resistance to pathogens. In addition, the antimicrobial mechanism of LEAP2 has been highly conserved since its emergence in primitive vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocen Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Zhuoying Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Zhanfeng Gao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Department of Urology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital Affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, 116044, China
| | - Yimu Luan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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3
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Li Y, Yu Y, Li Y, Wang H, Li Q. Molecular evolution of the heat shock protein family and the role of HSP30 in immune response and wound healing in lampreys (Lethenteron reissneri). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2024; 145:109323. [PMID: 38147915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.109323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/28/2023]
Abstract
Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are molecular chaperones that ubiquitously exist in various organisms and play essential roles in protein folding, transport, and expression. While most HSPs are highly conserved across species, a few HSPs are evolutionarily distinct in some species and may have unique functions. To explore the evolutionary history of the vertebrate HSP family, we identify members of the HSP family at the genome-wide level in lampreys (Lethenteron reissneri), a living representative of jawless vertebrates diverged from jawed vertebrates over 500 million years ago. The phylogenetic analysis reveals that the lamprey HSP family contains HSP90a1, HSP90a2, HSC70, HSP60, HSP30, HSP27, HSP17, and HSP10, which have a primitive status in the molecular evolution of vertebrate HSPs. Transcriptome analysis reveals the expression distribution of members of the HSP family in various tissues of lampreys. It is shown that HSP30, normally found in birds, amphibians, and fish, is also present in lampreys, with remarkable expansion of HSP30 gene copies in the lamprey genome. The transcription of HSP30 is significantly induced in leukocytes and heart of lampreys during various pathogens or poly(I:C) stimulation, indicating that HSP30 may be involved in the immune defense of lampreys in response to bacterial or viral infection. Immunohistochemistry demonstrates significantly increased HSP30 expression in subcutaneous muscle tissue after skin injury in lamprey models of wound repair. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis shows that ectopic expression of HSP30 in 3T3-L1 fibroblasts affect the expression of genes related to the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, suggesting that HSP30 could serves as a negative regulator of fibrosis. These results indicate that HSP30 may play a critical role in facilitating the process of lamprey skin repair following injury. This study provides new insights into the origin and evolution of the HSP gene family in vertebrates and offers valuable clues to reveal the important role of HSP30 in immune defense and wound healing of lampreys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuting Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Hao Wang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
| | - Qingwei Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China.
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Tamura M, Ishikawa R, Nakanishi Y, Pascual-Anaya J, Fukui M, Saitou T, Sugahara F, Rijli FM, Kuratani S, Suzuki DG, Murakami Y. Comparative analysis of Hmx expression and the distribution of neuronal somata in the trigeminal ganglion in lamprey and shark: insights into the homology of the trigeminal nerve branches and the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate jaw. Zoological Lett 2023; 9:23. [PMID: 38049907 PMCID: PMC10696661 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-023-00222-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
The evolutionary origin of the jaw remains one of the most enigmatic events in vertebrate evolution. The trigeminal nerve is a key component for understanding jaw evolution, as it plays a crucial role as a sensorimotor interface for the effective manipulation of the jaw. This nerve is also found in the lamprey, an extant jawless vertebrate. The trigeminal nerve has three major branches in both the lamprey and jawed vertebrates. Although each of these branches was classically thought to be homologous between these two taxa, this homology is now in doubt. In the present study, we compared expression patterns of Hmx, a candidate genetic marker of the mandibular nerve (rV3, the third branch of the trigeminal nerve in jawed vertebrates), and the distribution of neuronal somata of trigeminal nerve branches in the trigeminal ganglion in lamprey and shark. We first confirmed the conserved expression pattern of Hmx1 in the shark rV3 neuronal somata, which are distributed in the caudal part of the trigeminal ganglion. By contrast, lamprey Hmx genes showed peculiar expression patterns, with expression in the ventrocaudal part of the trigeminal ganglion similar to Hmx1 expression in jawed vertebrates, which labeled the neuronal somata of the second branch. Based on these results, we propose two alternative hypotheses regarding the homology of the trigeminal nerve branches, providing new insights into the evolutionary origin of the vertebrate jaw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoki Tamura
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Ryota Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Yuki Nakanishi
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Juan Pascual-Anaya
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Campus de Teatinos s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain
| | - Makiko Fukui
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan
| | - Takashi Saitou
- Department of Molecular Medicine for Pathogenesis, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine, Toon, 791-0295, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Sugahara
- Division of Biology, Hyogo Medical University, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Hyogo, Japan
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Filippo M Rijli
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Maulbeerstrasse 66, Basel, 4058, Switzerland
- University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Daichi G Suzuki
- Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Yasunori Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, 2-5 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, 790-8577, Japan.
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5
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Smith B, Walling A, Schwartz R. Phylogenomic investigation of lampreys (Petromyzontiformes). Mol Phylogenet Evol 2023; 189:107942. [PMID: 37804959 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2023.107942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
The history of lamprey evolution has been contentious due to limited morphological differentiation and limited genetic data. Available data has produced inconsistent results, including in the relationship among northern and southern species and the monophyly of putative clades. Here we use whole genome sequence data sourced from a public database to identify orthologs for 11 lamprey species from across the globe and build phylogenies. The phylogeny showed a clear separation between northern and southern lamprey species, which contrasts with some prior work. We also find that the phylogenetic relationships of our samples of two genera, Lethenteron and Eudontomyzon, deviate from the taxonomic classification of these species, suggesting that they require reclassification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brianna Smith
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Alexandra Walling
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States
| | - Rachel Schwartz
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of the Environment and Life Sciences, University of Rhode Island, 120 Flagg Road, Kingston, RI 02881, United States.
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6
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Wang Y, Dong Y, Duan X, Luan Y, Li Q, Pang Y, Sun F, Gou M. A complete prostaglandin pathway from synthesis to inactivation in the oral gland of the jawless vertebrate lamprey, Lethenteron camtschaticum. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 148:104903. [PMID: 37541459 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
Information on the prostaglandin pathway in lampreys is limited. Here, five genes related to the prostaglandin pathway from synthesis to inactivation, namely, phospholipase A2, cyclooxygenase-2, prostaglandin E synthase 3, prostaglandin D synthase, and 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], were screened and cloned from the lamprey, Lethenteron camtschaticum. Bioinformatic analysis showed that these lamprey genes are relatively conserved with teleost genes in domains, motifs, gene structure and 3D structure. Analysis of expression distribution of the genes in lamprey tissues revealed that a complete prostaglandin pathway from synthesis to inactivation exists in the oral gland of lamprey, especially the key gene of prostaglandin synthesis cyclooxygenase-2, which was highly expressed in the oral gland. Furthermore, cyclooxygenase-2 expression increased after LPS and Poly I:C stimulations. Using our established spatial metabolite database LampreyDB, six prostaglandin-related metabolites were screened from the oral gland of lamprey, four of which were highly expressed in the oral gland. This study provides new insights into prostaglandin synthesis and inactivation pathways in lamprey, thereby improving our understanding of the origin and evolution of the prostaglandin pathway and contributing to the recognition of lamprey regulatory mechanisms in development and immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaocen Wang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yonghui Dong
- Metabolite Medicine Division, BLAVATNIK CENTER for Drug Discovery, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Xuyuan Duan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yimu Luan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Feng Sun
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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7
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Smith CD, Payne SE, Morace JL, Nilsen EB. Organohalogenated contaminants in multiple life stages of the Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus), Oregon, USA. Environ Pollut 2023; 335:122363. [PMID: 37572847 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Pacific lamprey (Entosphenus tridentatus) are ecologically and culturally important anadromous animals native to the West Coast of the United States. Pacific lamprey populations are in decline, and contaminants may be a contributing factor. Between 2017 and 2021, three life stages of Pacific lamprey and collocated sediment samples were collected in Oregon (larval lamprey, sediment, and returning adult lamprey) and off the coast of Oregon and Washington (ocean juvenile lamprey). Tissue and sediment samples were analyzed for 56 organohalogenated compounds that included legacy pesticides, current use pesticides, polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners, and polychlorinated biphenyl congeners. Organohalogenated compounds were detected in all three Pacific lamprey life stages. The organohalogenated compounds detected in collocated sediment and larval lamprey samples were generally dissimilar, and compounds detected in larval lamprey indicate potential point sources along the rivers. Ocean-caught juvenile lamprey had significantly higher lipid contents than returning adult lamprey, but lipid content and concentrations of select compounds were not strongly correlated. Concentrations of select compounds detected in both ocean juvenile and returning adult lamprey were either not significantly different or were higher in returning adult lamprey. Concentrations of some compounds in returning adult lamprey-which are consumed by Indigenous peoples-exceeded state and national human health consumption thresholds. Collaboration among Tribes and public-sector agencies helped make this study successful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra D Smith
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center, 601 SW 2nd Ave, Suite 1950, Portland, OR, 97204, USA.
| | - Sean E Payne
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center, 601 SW 2nd Ave, Suite 1950, Portland, OR, 97204, USA
| | - Jennifer L Morace
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center, 601 SW 2nd Ave, Suite 1950, Portland, OR, 97204, USA
| | - Elena B Nilsen
- U.S. Geological Survey Oregon Water Science Center, 601 SW 2nd Ave, Suite 1950, Portland, OR, 97204, USA
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Zhang Q, Pan J, Zhu Y, Liu J, Pang Y, Li J, Han P, Gou M, Li J, Su P, Li Q, Chi Y. The metabolic adaptation of bile acids and cholesterol after biliary atresia in lamprey via transcriptome-based analysis. Heliyon 2023; 9:e19107. [PMID: 37636398 PMCID: PMC10450982 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Lamprey underwent biliary atresia (BA) at its metamorphosis stage. In contrast to patients with BA who develop progressive disease, lamprey can grow and develop normally, suggesting that lamprey has several adaptations for BA. Here we show that adaptive changes in bile acid and cholesterol metabolism are produced after lamprey BA. Among 1102 differentially expressed genes (DGEs) after BA in lamprey, many are enriched in gene ontology (GO) terms and pathways related to steroid metabolism. We find that among the DGEs related to bile acids and cholesterol metabolism, the expression of cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1), sodium-dependent taurine cotransport polypeptide (NTCP) are significantly downregulated, whereas nuclear receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR), multidrug resistance-associated protein 3 (MRP3), 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMGCR), sterol O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1), and ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) are remarkably upregulated. The changes in expression level are also validated by RT-qPCR. Furthermore, the level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in juvenile serum is higher compared to larvae. Taken together, the findings collectively indicate that after BA, lamprey may maintain bile acids and cholesterol homeostasis in liver tissue by inhibiting bile acids synthesis and uptake, promoting its efflux back to circulation, and enhancing cholesterol esterification for storage as lipid droplets and its egress to form nascent HDL (nHDL). Understanding the possible molecular mechanisms of lamprey metabolic adaptation sheds new light on the understanding of the development and treatment of diseases caused by abnormal bile acid and cholesterol metabolism in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qipeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jilong Pan
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jindi Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Pengju Han
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yan Chi
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
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9
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Bedois AMH, Parker HJ, Bronner ME, Krumlauf R. Sea lamprey enlightens the origin of the coupling of retinoic acid signaling to vertebrate hindbrain segmentation. bioRxiv 2023:2023.07.07.548143. [PMID: 37461675 PMCID: PMC10350081 DOI: 10.1101/2023.07.07.548143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is involved in antero-posterior patterning of the chordate body axis and, in jawed vertebrates, has been shown to play a major role at multiple levels of the gene regulatory network (GRN) regulating hindbrain segmentation. Knowing when and how RA became coupled to the core hindbrain GRN is important for understanding how ancient signaling pathways and patterning genes can evolve and generate diversity. Hence, we investigated the link between RA signaling and hindbrain segmentation in the sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus, an important jawless vertebrate model providing clues to decipher ancestral vertebrate features. Combining genomics, gene expression, and functional analyses of major components involved in RA synthesis (Aldh1as) and degradation (Cyp26s), we demonstrate that RA signaling is coupled to hindbrain segmentation in lamprey. Thus, the link between RA signaling and hindbrain segmentation is a pan vertebrate feature of the hindbrain and likely evolved at the base of vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice M. H. Bedois
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Hugo J. Parker
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Marianne E. Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
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10
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Yamaguchi Y, Takagi W, Kaiya H, Konno N, Yoshida MA, Kuraku S, Hyodo S. Phylogenetic and functional properties of hagfish neurohypophysial hormone receptors distinct from their jawed vertebrate counterparts. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2023; 336:114257. [PMID: 36868365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2023.114257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Vertebrate neurohypophysial hormones, i.e., vasopressin- and oxytocin-family peptides, exert versatile physiological actions via distinct G protein-coupled receptors. The neurohypophysial hormone receptor (NHR) family was classically categorized into four subtypes (V1aR, V1bR, V2R and OTR), while recent studies have identified seven subtypes (V1aR, V1bR, V2aR, V2bR, V2cR, V2dR and OTR; V2aR corresponds to the conventional V2R). The vertebrate NHR family were diversified via multiple gene duplication events at different scales. Despite intensive research effort in non-osteichthyes vertebrates such as cartilaginous fish and lamprey, the molecular phylogeny of the NHR family has not been fully understood. In the present study, we focused on the inshore hagfish (Eptatretus burgeri), another group of cyclostomes, and Arctic lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum) for comparison. Two putative NHR homologs, which were previously identified only in silico, were cloned from the hagfish and designated as ebV1R and ebV2R. In vitro, ebV1R, as well as two out of five Arctic lamprey NHRs, increased intracellular Ca2+ in response to exogenous neurohypophysial hormones. None of the examined cyclostome NHRs altered intracellular cAMP levels. Transcripts of ebV1R were detected in multiple tissues including the brain and gill, with intense hybridization signals in the hypothalamus and adenohypophysis, while ebV2R was predominantly expressed in the systemic heart. Similarly, Arctic lamprey NHRs showed distinct expression patterns, underscoring the multifunctionality of VT in the cyclostomes as in the gnathostomes. These results and exhaustive gene synteny comparisons provide new insights into the molecular and functional evolution of the neurohypophysial hormone system in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamaguchi
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
| | - Wataru Takagi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kaiya
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, 6-1 Kishibe-shinmachi, Suita, Osaka 564-8565, Japan; Grandsoul Research Institute for Immunology, Inc., Matsui 8-1 Utano, Uda, Nara 633-2221, Japan
| | - Norifumi Konno
- Department of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190 Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - Masa-Aki Yoshida
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan; Marine Biological Science Section, Education and Research Center for Biological Resources, Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, 194 Kamo, Okinoshima, Oki, Shimane 685-0024, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Kuraku
- Molecular Life History Laboratory, Department of Genomics and Evolutionary Biology, National Institution of Genetics, 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Department of Genetics, Sokendai (Graduate University for Advanced Studies), 1111 Yata, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, 2-2-3 Minatojimaminami-machi, Chuo-ku, Kobe 650-0047, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan
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Guo J, Lyu S, Qi Y, Chen X, Yang L, Zhao C, Wang H. Molecular evolution and gene expression of ferritin family involved in immune defense of lampreys. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 146:104729. [PMID: 37187445 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2023.104729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Ferritin, one of the key regulators of iron homeostasis, is widely present throughout almost all species. The vertebrate ferritin family, which originates from a single gene in the ancestral invertebrates, contains the widest variety of ferritin subtypes among all animal species. However, the evolutionary history of the vertebrate ferritin family remains to be further clarified. In this study, genome-wide identification of the ferritin homologs is performed in lampreys, which are the extant representatives of jawless vertebrates that diverged from the future jawed vertebrates more than 500 million years ago. Molecular evolutionary analyses show that four members of the lamprey ferritin family, L-FT1-4, are derived from a common ancestor with jawed vertebrate ferritins prior to the divergence of the jawed vertebrate ferritin subtypes. The lamprey ferritin family shares evolutionarily conserved characteristics of the ferritin H subunit with higher vertebrates, but certain members such as L-FT1 additionally accumulate some features of the M or L subunits. Expression profiling reveals that lamprey ferritins are highly expressed in the liver. The transcription of L-FT1 is significantly induced in the liver and heart during lipopolysaccharide stimulation, indicating that L-FTs may play a role in the innate immune response to bacterial infection in lampreys. Furthermore, the transcriptional expression of L-FT1 in quiescent and LPS-activated leukocytes is up- and down-regulated by the lamprey TGF-β2, an essential regulator of the inflammatory response, respectively. Our results provide new insights into the origin and evolution of the vertebrate ferritin family and reveal that lamprey ferritins may be involved in immune regulation as target genes of the TGF-β signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junfu Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Shuangyu Lyu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yanchen Qi
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xuanyi Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Chunhui Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Hao Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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Wu K, Xu J, Jia Z, Wang J, Wang Z, Feng J, Zhu X, Liu Q, Wang B, Li M, Pang Y, Zou J. Phylogeny and expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17 homologs in lamprey. Fish Physiol Biochem 2023; 49:321-334. [PMID: 36964830 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) play regulatory roles in cell adhesion, migration and proteolysis. To explore the origin and evolution of ADAMs, this study identified the homologs of adam10 and adam17 in Lampetra morii and Lampetra japonica. Sequence analysis revealed that they share the same genomic structures with their counterparts in jawed vertebrates. The putative proteins possess conserved motifs, including a furin cut site (RXXR) for precursor processing, an enzyme catalytic motif (HEXGEHXXGXXH) for hydrolysis, and a Ca2+-binding motif (CGNXXXEXGEXCD) for stabilizing protein structure. In addition, a substrate recognition domain is present at the membrane-proximal region of lamprey ADAM17. The cytoplasmic region of lamprey ADAM10 contains a potential threonine phosphorylation site which has been shown to be activated by protein kinase C (PKC) in mammals. Both the adam10 and adam17 genes were constitutively expressed in the brain, kidney, and gills and were differentially regulated in the primary blood leukocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Adam10 was induced by LPS but not PWM; conversely, adam17 was induced by PWM but not LPS. Taken together, our results suggest that the activation pathways and functions of ADAM10 and ADAM17 are conserved in agnathans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Bangjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yue Pang
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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13
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Haas TF, Castro-Santos T, Miehls SM, Deng ZD, Bruning TM, Wagner CM. Survival, healing, and swim performance of juvenile migratory sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus) implanted with a new acoustic microtransmitter designed for small eel-like fishes. Anim Biotelemetry 2023; 11:9. [PMID: 36937100 PMCID: PMC10008077 DOI: 10.1186/s40317-023-00318-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about the transformer stage of the parasitic lampreys, a brief but critical period that encompasses juvenile out-migration from rivers to lakes or oceans to begin parasitic feeding. Information about this life stage could have significant conservation implications for both imperiled and invasive lampreys. We investigated tag retention, survival, wound healing, and swim performance of newly transformed sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) implanted with a new micro-acoustic transmitter, the eel-lamprey acoustic transmitter (ELAT), in a controlled laboratory environment. RESULTS The 61-day survival of our tagged subjects was 71%, within the range reported in similar studies of juvenile lampreys. However, survival was significantly lower in the tagged animals (vs control), with no effect statistically attributable to measures of animal length, mass, condition, or population of origin (Great Lakes vs. Atlantic drainage). Mortality in tagged fish was concentrated in the first four days post-surgery, suggesting injury from the surgical process. An unusually long recovery time from anesthesia may have contributed to the increased mortality. In a simple burst swim assay, tagged animals swam significantly slower (- 22.5%) than untagged animals, but were not significantly different in endurance swim tests. A composite wound healing score at day four was a significant predictor of maximum burst swim speed at day 20, and wound condition was related to animal mass, but not length, at the time of tagging. CONCLUSIONS Impairments to survival and swim performance of juvenile sea lamprey implanted with the ELAT transmitter were within currently reported ranges for telemetry studies with small, difficult to observe fishes. Our results could be improved with more refined anesthesia and surgical techniques. The ability to track migratory movements of imperiled and pest populations of parasitic lampreys will improve our ability to estimate vital rates that underlie recruitment to the adult population (growth, survival) and to investigate the environmental factors that regulate the timing and rates of movement, in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor F. Haas
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI USA
| | - Theodore Castro-Santos
- U.S. Geological Survey, Eastern Ecological Science Center, S.O. Conte Research Laboratory, Turners Falls, MA USA
| | - Scott M. Miehls
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI USA
| | - Zhiqun D. Deng
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, P.O. Box 999, Richland, WA USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061 USA
| | - Tyler M. Bruning
- U.S. Geological Survey, Great Lakes Science Center, Hammond Bay Biological Station, Millersburg, MI USA
| | - C. Michael Wagner
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, 13 Natural Resources Building, East Lansing, MI USA
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Zhang X, Zhao J, Li Q, Qin D, Li W, Wang X, Bi M, Li Q, Li T. Lamprey prohibitin 2 inhibits non-small cell lung carcinoma cell proliferation by down-regulating the expression and phosphorylation levels of cell cycle-associated proteins. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 134:108560. [PMID: 36681363 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Prohibitin 2 (PHB2) is an evolutionarily conserved and functionally diverse protein that plays an important role in multiple cellular functions, including cell proliferation, cell migration, and apoptosis, and is also known to participate in the process of tumorigenesis and development. In this study, the lamprey PHB2 (Lm-PHB2) gene was over-expressed in KRAS (kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog)-mutated non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cells to investigate its effect on cell proliferation. The effects of Lm-PHB2 protein on the proliferation of NSCLC cells were determined by treating cells with the purified recombinant Lm-PHB2 protein (rLm-PHB2) followed by cell counting kit (CCK) assays and flow cytometry. Analysis showed that rLm-PHB2 blocked cells in the G2 phase and inhibited the cell proliferation of A549, Calu-1, and NCI-H226 to various degrees. The effect on Calu-1 cells was the most obvious and was concentration- and time-dependent. Similarly, cells transfected with the pEGFP-N1-Lm-PHB2 plasmid also resulted in the suppression of proliferation in A549 cells and Calu-1 cells. Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) showed that Lm-PHB2 inhibited cell proliferation by repressing the transcription of PLK1 (polo-like kinase 1), Wee1 (wee1 kinase), CCNB1 (cyclin B1), and CDC25C (cell division control protein 25C). According to western blot analysis, Lm-PHB2 not only down-regulated the expression of PLK1, Wee1, CCNB1, and CDC25C but also reduced the phosphorylation levels of CCNB1 and CDC25C, thus blocking Calu-1 cells in G2/M phase. Our findings demonstrate a function of lamprey PHB2 that may inhibit the proliferation of some NSCLC cells by down-regulating the expression and phosphorylation of cell cycle-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jianzhu Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qing Li
- School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EN, UK
| | - Di Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Wenwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xinyu Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Mengfei Bi
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China
| | - Tiesong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116023, China.
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15
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Lu J, Zhao Z, Li Q, Pang Y. Review of the unique and dominant lectin pathway of complement activation in agnathans. Dev Comp Immunol 2023; 140:104593. [PMID: 36442606 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2022.104593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
As the most primitive vertebrates, lampreys are significant in understanding the early origin and evolution of the vertebrate innate and adaptive immune systems. The complement system is a biological response system with complex and precise regulatory mechanisms and plays an important role in innate and adaptive immunity. It consists of more than 30 distinct components, including intrinsic components, regulatory factors, and complement receptors. Complement system is the humoral backbone of the innate immune defense and complement-like factors have also been found in cyclostomes. Our knowledge as such in lamprey has dramatically increased in the recent years. The searching for complement components in the reissner lamprey Lethenteron reissneri genome database, together with published data, has unveiled the existence of all the orthologues of mammalian complement components identified thus far, including the complement regulatory proteins and complement receptors, in lamprey. This review, summarizes the key themes and recent updates on the complement system of agnathans and discusses the individual complement components of lampreys, and critically compare their functions to that of mammalian complement components. Interestingly, the adaptive immune system of agnathans differs from that of gnathostomes. Lamprey complement components also display some distinctive features, such as lampreys are characterized by the variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs)-based alternative adaptive immunity. This review may serve as important literature for deducing the evolution of the immune system from invertebrates to vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Zhisheng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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16
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Zhou Z, Ding S, Wang Y, Ren J, Zhang X, Li W, Zhang Q. Identification and characterization of Toll-like receptor 14d in Northeast Chinese lamprey ( Lethenteron morii). Front Immunol 2023; 14:1153628. [PMID: 37143659 PMCID: PMC10151648 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1153628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in innate immunity of defense against bacterial or viral pathogens. To study the biological characteristics and functions of the TLR genes, TLR14d was identified from Northeast Chinese lamprey (Lethenteron morii) and named LmTLR14d. LmTLR14d coding sequence (cds) is 3285 bp in length and encodes 1094 amino acids (aa). The results showed that LmTLR14d has the typical structure of TLR molecule, which contains the extracellular domain of leucine-rich repeats (LRR), transmembrane domain, and intracellular domain of Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR). The phylogenetic tree showed that LmTLR14d is a homologous gene of TLR14/18 in bony fish. Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) revealed that LmTLR14d was expressed in various healthy tissues, including immune and non-immune tissues. Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection up-regulated LmTLR14d in the supraneural body (SB), gill, and kidney tissues of infected Northeast Chinese lamprey. Immunofluorescence results showed that LmTLR14d was located in the cytoplasm of HEK 293T cells in clusters, and its subcellular localization was determined by the TIR domain. The immunoprecipitation results showed that LmTLR14d could recruit L.morii MyD88 (LmMyD88) but not L.morii TRIF (LmTRIF). Dual luciferase reporter results showed that LmTLR14d significantly enhanced the activity of L.morii NF-κβ (LmNF-κβ) promoter. Furthermore, co-transfection of LmTLR14d with MyD88 significantly enhanced the L.morii NF-κβ (LmNF-κβ) promoter activity. LmTLR14d can induce the expression of inflammatory cytokine genes il-6 and tnf-α downstream of NF-κB signal. This study suggested that LmTLR14d might play an important role in the innate immune signal transduction process of lamprey and revealed the origin and function of teleost-specific TLR14.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoqing Ding
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqian Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Janfeng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Qinghua Zhang,
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17
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Cai Y, Lv W, Jiang Y, Li Q, Su P, Pang Y. Molecular evolution of the BRINP and ASTN genes and expression profles in response to pathogens and spinal cord injury repair in lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 131:274-282. [PMID: 36228880 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Bone morphogenic protein/retinoic acid inducible neural-specific proteins (BRINPs) and astrotactins (ASTNs) are two members of membrane attack complex/perforin-like (MACPF) superfamily proteins that present high expression in the growing and mature vertebrate neurons. Lamprey has a unique evolutionary status as a representative of the oldest jawless vertebrates, making it an ideal animal model for understanding vertebrate evolution. The evolutionary origins of BRINPs and ASTNs genes in vertebrates, however, have not been shown in lampreys. Here, BRINP and ASTN genes were found in lamprey genomes and the evolutionary relationships of them were investigated by phylogenetic analysis. Protein domains, motifs, genetic structure, and crystal structure analysis revealed that the features of BRINP and ASTN appear to be conserved in vertebrates. Genomic synteny analysis indicated that lamprey BRINP and ASTN neighbor genes differed dramatically from jawed vertebrate. Real-time quantitative results illustrated that the BRINP and ASTN genes family might take part in immune defence and spinal cord injury repair. This study not only enriches a better understanding of the evolution of the BRINP and ASTN genes but also offers a foundation for exploring their roles in the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Cai
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Wanrong Lv
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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18
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Lu J, Duan J, Han Y, Gou M, Li J, Li Q, Pang Y. A novel serum spherical lectin from lamprey reveals a more efficient mechanism of immune initiation and regulation in jawless vertebrates. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:102. [PMID: 36418956 PMCID: PMC9682848 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00401-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The innate immune system is the body's first line of defense against pathogens and involves antibody and complement system-mediated antigen removal. Immune-response-related complement molecules have been identified in lamprey, and the occurrence of innate immune response via the mannose-binding lectin-associated serine proteases of the lectin cascade has been reported. We have previously shown that lamprey (Lampetra japonica) serum can efficiently and specifically eliminate foreign pathogens. Therefore, we aimed to understand the immune mechanism of lamprey serum in this study. We identified and purified a novel spherical lectin (LSSL) from lamprey serum. LSSL had two structural calcium ions coordinated with conserved amino acids, as determined through cryogenic electron microscopy. LSSL showed high binding capacity with microbial and mammalian glycans and demonstrated agglutination activity against bacteria. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that LSSL was transferred from phage transposons to the lamprey genome via horizontal gene transfer. Furthermore, LSSL was associated with mannose-binding lectin-associated serine protease 1 and promoted the deposition of the C3 fragment on the surface of target cells upon binding. These results led us to conclude that LSSL initiates and regulates agglutination, resulting in exogenous pathogen and tumor cell eradication. Our observations will give a greater understanding of the origin and evolution of the complement system in higher vertebrates and lead to the identification of novel immune molecules and pathways for defense against pathogens and tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiali Lu
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Jinsong Duan
- grid.12527.330000 0001 0662 3178State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084 China
| | - Yinglun Han
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Meng Gou
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Jun Li
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Qingwei Li
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
| | - Yue Pang
- grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China ,grid.440818.10000 0000 8664 1765Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081 China
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19
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González-Llera L, Sobrido-Cameán D, Santos-Durán GN, Barreiro-Iglesias A. Full regeneration of descending corticotropin-releasing hormone axons after a complete spinal cord injury in lampreys. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2022; 20:5690-5697. [PMID: 36320936 PMCID: PMC9596600 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2022.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sea lampreys are a vertebrate model of interest for the study of spontaneous axon regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI). Axon regeneration research in lampreys has focused on the study of giant descending neurons, but less so on neurochemically-distinct descending neuronal populations with small caliber axons. Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a neuropeptide that regulates the stress response or locomotion. CRH is also a neuropeptide of interest in the SCI context because descending CRHergic projections from the Barrington's nucleus control micturition behavior in mammals. Recent work from our group revealed that in sea lampreys the CRHergic innervation of the spinal cord is only of descending origin. Thus, the lack of intrinsic CRH spinal cord neurons provides the opportunity to analyze the regeneration of this descending system by using immunofluorescence methods. Here, we used an antibody against the sea lamprey mature CRH peptide, confocal microscopy, lightning adaptive deconvolution, and ImageJ to analyze the regenerative capacity of the descending CRH-immunoreactive (-ir) axons of larval sea lampreys after a complete SCI at the level of the fifth gill. At 10 weeks post-lesion, when behavioral analyses showed that injured animals had recovered normal appearing locomotion, our results revealed a full recovery of the number of CRH-ir profiles (axons) at the level of the sixth gill. Thus, the CRH descending axons of lampreys fully regenerate after a complete SCI. Our study provides a new model to study spontaneous and successful axonal regeneration in a specific neuronal type with small caliber axons by using simple immunohistochemical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Antón Barreiro-Iglesias
- Corresponding author at: CIBUS, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, Campus Vida, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain.
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20
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Guo H, Zhu Y, Li J, Zhang Q, Chi Y. LIMP2 gene, evolutionarily conserved regulation by TFE3, relieves lysosomal stress induced by cholesterol. Life Sci 2022; 307:120888. [PMID: 35987341 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.120888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Excess cholesterol deposition in lysosomes may result in lysosomal stress and dysfunction. Here, we focus on the role of lysosome membrane protein 2 (LIMP2) in relieving the lysosomal stress caused by excess cholesterol and the mechanism that regulate its expression. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cholesterol enrichment in lamprey liver tissue was evaluated by RNA transcriptome data analysis, RT-qPCR, H&E, and Oil Red O staining. Gene markers of autophagy and cholesterol synthesis were determined by western blot or RT-qPCR. Lysosomal morphology and pH value was measured by confocal observation or flow cytometry. Dual-Luciferase reporter assay was performed to test the expression regulation relationship. KEY FINDINGS We report that lamprey limp2 (L-limp2) is evolutionarily highly conserved with human LIMP2 (H-LIMP2). The biological function of L-limp2, consistent with H-LIMP2, includes maintaining lysosomal morphology, modulating autophagy, and aiding cholesterol efflux from lysosomes. Furthermore, we find that both L-limp2 and H-limp2 can restore cholesterol-induced elevation of lysosomal pH and impaired autophagic flux. We demonstrate that lamprey transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3 (L-TFE3) can bind with coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation (CLEAR) elements on the L-limp2 promoter and regulate its expression. Moreover, this regulatory relationship is also available in humans. Taken together, the present study demonstrates that the evolutionarily conserved TFE3-LIMP2 axis may have a protective role against the impaired lysosomal function caused by excess cholesterol. SIGNIFICANCE The protective effect of TFE3-LIMP2 axis against cholesterol-triggered lysosomal stress may provide a new target for the treatment of diseases caused by excessive cholesterol accumulation in lysosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanze Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; College of Life Science and Technology, Dalian University, Dalian 116622, China
| | - Yingying Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jiarui Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Qipeng Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yan Chi
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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21
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Sun R, Wang D, Song Y, Li Q, Su P, Pang Y. Granulin as an important immune molecule involved in lamprey tissue repair and regeneration by promoting cell proliferation and migration. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:64. [PMID: 35907821 PMCID: PMC9338584 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00360-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Progranulin (PGRN) is an autocrine growth factor that regulates cell proliferation, migration, wound healing, and tissue repair in mammals. Lamprey is the most primitive of the extant vertebrates and is regarded as the survivor of a once flourishing group of paleozoic vertebrates, with a history of more than 500 million years. To date, the evolutionary dynamics and the underlying function of the PGRNs remain largely unclear in lamprey. Here, we screened four genes encoding PGRNs from the genomes of Lethenteron reissneri and Petromyzon marinus, including one long form (named Lr-PGRN-L) and three short forms (named Lr-PGRN-S1, Lr-PGRN-S2, and Lr-PGRN-S3), and performed phylogenetic tree, functional domain, and synteny analyses to identify the evolutionary history of the four Lr-PGRNs. In addition, the expressions of the four Lr-pgrn family genes and the immune response against various pathogenic challenges were also investigated. We found that these genes were widely distributed in various tissues of lamprey and performed a variety of functions. Moreover, our results suggest that Lr-PGRN-S1 induces cell migration and proliferation, and is involved in repair after skin and spinal cord injury under appropriate conditions. Our findings are valuable because they improve the understanding of the evolutionary relationship of vertebrate pgrn genes, as well as providing new insights into the diverse and important roles of Lr-PGRNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruixiang Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yuxuan Song
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China. .,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China. .,Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China. .,Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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22
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Teng H, Li Q, Gou M, Liu G, Cao X, Lu J, Han Y, Yu Y, Gao Z, Song X, Dong W, Pang Y. Lamprey immunity protein enables early detection and recurrence monitoring for bladder cancer through recognizing Neu5Gc-modified uromodulin glycoprotein in urine. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166493. [PMID: 35853560 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The clinical management of bladder cancer (BCa) is hindered by the lack of reliable biomarkers. We aimed to investigate the potential of lamprey immunity protein (LIP), a lectin that specifically binds to multi-antennary sialylated N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc) structures on UMOD glycoproteins in the urine of BCa patients. Primary BCa patients had higher levels of LIP-bound Neu5Gc in urine than healthy participants and patients receiving postoperative treatment did. In addition, lectin chip assay and mass spectrometry were used to analyze the glycan chain structure, which can recognize the UMOD glycoprotein decorated with multi-antennary sialylated Neu5Gc structures. Furthermore, compared with urine samples from healthy patients (N = 2821, T/C = 0.12 ± 0.09) or benign patients (N = 360, T/C = 0.11 ± 0.08), the range of the urine T/C ratio detected using LIP test paper was 1.97 ± 0.32 in patients with bladder cancer (N = 518) with significant difference (P < 0.0001). Our results indicate that LIP may be a tool for early BCa identification, diagnosis, and monitoring. Neu5Gc-modified UMOD glycoproteins in urine and Neu5Gc-modified N-glycochains and sialyltransferases may function as potential markers in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongming Teng
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Gang Liu
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xu Cao
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Jiali Lu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhanfeng Gao
- Department of Urology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital affiliated to Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- Respiratory Medicine, Affiliated Zhong shan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, China
| | - Weijie Dong
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, Liaoning, China.
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23
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Zhou ZB, Zhang MJ, He YY, Bao SC, Zhang XY, Li W, Zhang QH. Identification and functional characterization of an immune adapter molecular TRIF in Northeast Chinese lamprey (Lethenteron morii). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 124:454-461. [PMID: 35452833 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The TIR domain-containing adaptor inducing IFN-β (TRIF) is an adaptor molecule that plays a critical role in the Toll-like receptors (TLRs)-mediated innate immune signaling pathway. Lamprey, as the most primitive jawless vertebrate, rely mainly on innate immunity to defend against various pathogens infection. The function of TRIF in lamprey remains unknown. In this study, a homologous adaptor molecule TRIF, named LmTRIF, was identified in Northeast Chinese lamprey (Lethenteron morii). The LmTRIF coding sequence (cds) is 1242 bp in length and encodes 413 amino acids (aa). Domain analysis showed that LmTRIF is characterized with the classical TIR domain and a lack of TRAF6 binding motif. The results of evolutionary tree indicated that the relationship between LmTRIF and other homologous proteins was consistent with the position of lamprey in the species evolutionary history. The relative expression of LmTRIF was highest in the liver of larvae and in the gill of adults, respectively. Cellular immunofluorescence assays showed that LmTRIF was expressed in the cytoplasma in both mammalian cell line HEK 293T and the fish cell line EPC. The double luciferase reporter gene assay showed that the overexpression of LmTRIF promoted the activity of NF-κB, an immune transcription factor downstream of the classical TLR signaling pathway. In this study, we identified the TLR adaptor molecule TRIF from L. morii, a vertebrate more primitive than fish. Our results suggested an important role of LmTRIF in the innate immune signal transduction process of L. morii and is the basis for the origin and evolution of the TLR signaling pathway in the innate immune system in vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Bin Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Meng-Jie Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yuan-Yuan He
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Shi-Cheng Bao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiang-Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology of Fujian Province, Institute of Oceanology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Weiming Li
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
| | - Qing-Hua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
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24
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Wagner CM, Bals JD, Hanson ME, Scott AM. Attenuation and recovery of an avoidance response to a chemical antipredator cue in an invasive fish: implications for use as a repellent in conservation. Conserv Physiol 2022; 10:coac019. [PMID: 35492423 PMCID: PMC9041352 DOI: 10.1093/conphys/coac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The detection of predation risk without direct engagement with a predator is an important driver of prey movement strategies. Consequently, the application of alarm cues may prove an effective tool in guiding the movements of fishes targeted for control or conservation. However, failure to contemplate the sensory, physiological and cognitive outcomes of repeated or persistent exposure to the cue will likely lead to poor performance of management practices. Using a series of behavioural tests and physiological recordings from the olfactory organ, we examined the timing of onset and recovery of the alarm response in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus L.) when exposed continuously or sporadically to its alarm cue. In the laboratory, sea lamprey exhibited short-term, reversible attenuation of the alarm response over 2-4 h with continuous exposure. The alarm response spontaneously recovered after 30-60 min of removal from the cue. In long-duration free-swimming tests, where the animals were allowed to move into and out of the odour plume volitionally, repeated but sporadic encounter with the alarm cue over 5 h did not alter the alarm response. Electro-olfactogram recordings from the main olfactory epithelium indicated that olfactory sensory neurons quickly adapt to alarm cue and recovered within 15 min. Our findings strongly implicate habituation as the mechanism that induces reduction in the alarm response and provide insight into the design of effective management practices that seek to use fish alarm cues as repellents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Michael Wagner
- Corresponding author. Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.
| | | | | | - Anne M Scott
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA
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25
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Takagi W, Sugahara F, Higuchi S, Kusakabe R, Pascual-Anaya J, Sato I, Oisi Y, Ogawa N, Miyanishi H, Adachi N, Hyodo S, Kuratani S. Thyroid and endostyle development in cyclostomes provides new insights into the evolutionary history of vertebrates. BMC Biol 2022; 20:76. [PMID: 35361194 PMCID: PMC8973611 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01282-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The endostyle is an epithelial exocrine gland found in non-vertebrate chordates (amphioxi and tunicates) and the larvae of modern lampreys. It is generally considered to be an evolutionary precursor of the thyroid gland of vertebrates. Transformation of the endostyle into the thyroid gland during the metamorphosis of lampreys is thus deemed to be a recapitulation of a past event in vertebrate evolution. In 1906, Stockard reported that the thyroid gland in hagfish, the sister cyclostome group of lampreys, develops through an endostyle-like primordium, strongly supporting the plesiomorphy of the lamprey endostyle. However, the findings in hagfish thyroid development were solely based on this single study, and these have not been confirmed by modern molecular, genetic, and morphological data pertaining to hagfish thyroid development over the last century. Results Here, we showed that the thyroid gland of hagfish undergoes direct development from the ventrorostral pharyngeal endoderm, where the previously described endostyle-like primordium was not found. The developmental pattern of the hagfish thyroid, including histological features and regulatory gene expression profiles, closely resembles that found in modern jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes). Meanwhile, as opposed to gnathostomes but similar to non-vertebrate chordates, lamprey and hagfish share a broad expression domain of Nkx2-1/2-4, a key regulatory gene, in the pharyngeal epithelium during early developmental stages. Conclusions Based on the direct development of the thyroid gland both in hagfish and gnathostomes, and the shared expression profile of thyroid-related transcription factors in the cyclostomes, we challenge the plesiomorphic status of the lamprey endostyle and propose an alternative hypothesis where the lamprey endostyle could be obtained secondarily in crown lampreys. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01282-7.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Takagi
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8564, Japan. .,Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Fumiaki Sugahara
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, 663-8501, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Higuchi
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan.,Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Rie Kusakabe
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Juan Pascual-Anaya
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.,Present Address: Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Present Address: Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Iori Sato
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Oisi
- Laboratory for Haptic Perception and Cognitive Physiology, RIKEN Center for Brain Science, Wako, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ogawa
- Laboratory Research Support Section, Center for Cooperative Research Promotion, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyanishi
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi, 889-2192, Japan
| | - Noritaka Adachi
- Aix-Marseille Université, IBDM, CNRS UMR 7288, Marseille, France.,Present address: Department of Molecular Craniofacial Embryology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, 113-8549, Japan
| | - Susumu Hyodo
- Laboratory of Physiology, Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8564, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan. .,Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan.
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McKitrick TR, Hanes MS, Rosenberg CS, Heimburg-Molinaro J, Cooper MD, Herrin BR, Cummings RD. Identification of Glycan-Specific Variable Lymphocyte Receptors Using Yeast Surface Display and Glycan Microarrays. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2421:73-89. [PMID: 34870812 PMCID: PMC9307140 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1944-5_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The jawless vertebrates (lamprey and hagfish) evolved a novel adaptive immune system with many similarities to that found in the jawed vertebrates, including the production of antigen-specific circulating antibodies in response to immunization. However, the jawless vertebrates use leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-based antigen receptors termed variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) for immune recognition, instead of immunoglobulin (Ig)-based receptors. VLR genes are assembled in developing lymphocytes through a gene conversion-like process, in which hundreds of LRR gene segments are randomly selected as template donors to generate a large repertoire of distinct antigen receptors, similar to that found within the mammalian adaptive immune system. Here we describe the development of a robust platform using immunized lampreys (Petromyzon marinus) for generating libraries of anti-carbohydrate (anti-glycan) variable lymphocyte receptor B, or VLRBs. The anti-carbohydrate VLRBs are isolated using a yeast surface display (YSD) expression platform and enriched by binding to glycan microarrays through the anti-glycan VLRB. This enables both the initial identification and enrichment of individual yeast clones against hundreds of glycans simultaneously. Through this enrichment strategy a broad array of glycan-specific VLRs can be isolated from the YSD library. Subsequently, the bound yeast cells are directly removed from the microarray, the VLR antibody clone is sequenced, and the end product is expressed as a VLR-IgG-Fc fusion protein that can be used for ELISA, Western blotting, flow cytometry, and immunomicroscopy. Thus, by combining yeast surface display with glycan microarray technology, we have developed a rapid, efficient, and novel method for generating chimeric VLR-IgG-Fc proteins that recognize a broad array of unique glycan structures with exquisite specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanya R. McKitrick
- Dept. of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - Melinda S. Hanes
- Dept. of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - Charles S. Rosenberg
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | - Jamie Heimburg-Molinaro
- Dept. of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A
| | - Max D. Cooper
- Emory Vaccine Center, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322
| | | | - Richard D. Cummings
- Dept. of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Harvard Medical School Center for Glycoscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02215, U.S.A.,To whom correspondence should be addressed: Richard D. Cummings, Ph.D., Director, National Center for Functional Glycomics, Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, CLS 11087 - 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA 02115, Tel: 1-617-735-4643,
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27
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Rast JP, D'Alessio S, Kraev I, Lange S. Post-translational protein deimination signatures in sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) plasma and plasma-extracellular vesicles. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 125:104225. [PMID: 34358577 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2021.104225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lampreys are a jawless vertebrate species belonging to an ancient vertebrate lineage that diverged from a common ancestor with humans ~500 million years ago. The sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) has a filter feeding ammocoete larval stage that metamorphoses into a parasitic adult, feeding both on teleost and elasmobranch fish. Lampreys are a valuable comparative model species for vertebrate immunity and physiology due to their unique phylogenetic position, unusual adaptive immune system, and physiological adaptions such as tolerance to salinity changes and urea. Peptidylarginine deiminases (PADs) are a phylogenetically conserved enzyme family which catalyses post-translational deimination/citrullination in target proteins, enabling proteins to gain new functions (moonlighting). The identification of deiminated protein targets in species across phylogeny may provide novel insights into post-translational regulation of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane vesicles released from cells that carry cargos of small molecules and proteins for cellular communication, involved in both normal and pathological processes. The current study identified deimination signatures in proteins of both total plasma and plasma-EVs in sea lamprey and furthermore reports the first characterisation of plasma-EVs in lamprey. EVs were poly-dispersed in the size range of 40-500 nm, similar to what is observed in other taxa, positive for CD63 and Flotillin-1. Plasma-EV morphology was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Assessment of deimination/citrullination signatures in lamprey plasma and plasma-EVs, revealed 72 deimination target proteins involved in immunity, metabolism and gene regulation in whole plasma, and 37 target proteins in EVs, whereof 24 were shared targets. Furthermore, the presence of deiminated histone H3, indicative of gene-regulatory mechanisms and also a marker of neutrophil extracellular trap formation (NETosis), was confirmed in lamprey plasma. Functional protein network analysis revealed some differences in KEGG and GO pathways of deiminated proteins in whole plasma compared with plasma-EVs. For example, while common STRING network clusters in plasma and plasma-EVs included Peptide chain elongation, Viral mRNA translation, Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, STRING network clusters specific for EVs only included: Cellular response to heat stress, Muscle protein and striated muscle thin filament, Nucleosome, Protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, Nucleosome and histone deacetylase complex. STRING network clusters specific for plasma were: Adipokinetic hormone receptor activity, Fibrinogen alpha/beta chain family, peptidase S1A, Glutathione synthesis and recycling-arginine, Fructose 1,6-bisphosphate metabolic process, Carbon metabolism and lactate dehydrogenase activity, Post-translational protein phosphorylation, Regulation of insulin-like growth factor transport and clotting cascade. Overall, for the EV citrullinome, five STRING network clusters, 10 KEGG pathways, 15 molecular GO pathways and 29 Reactome pathways were identified, compared with nine STRING network clusters, six KEGG pathways, two Molecular GO pathways and one Reactome pathway specific for whole plasma; while further pathways were shared. The reported findings indicate that major pathways relevant for immunity and metabolism are targets of deimination in lamprey plasma and plasma-EVs, with some differences, and may help elucidating roles for the conserved PAD enzyme family in regulation of immune and metabolic function throughout phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan P Rast
- Emory University School of Medicine, Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Stefania D'Alessio
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK
| | - Igor Kraev
- Electron Microscopy Suite, Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA, UK.
| | - Sigrun Lange
- Tissue Architecture and Regeneration Research Group, School of Life Sciences, University of Westminster, London, W1W 6UW, UK.
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Wang X, Chi Y, Li J, Pang Y, Li Q. Morphological characteristics and a single-cell analysis provide insights into function of immune and fat storage in the lamprey supraneural body. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 142:106131. [PMID: 34838690 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.106131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The supraneural body, also known as dorsal fat body is considered from adipose progenitors, and possesses hematopoietic activity. However, in-depth knowledge of cell-type by single-cell transcriptome sequencing and physiological functions are still lacking. Here, we determined at least four types of cells, such as white adipocytes, granulocytes, lymphocytes, and red blood cells by using 10 ×Genomics single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-Seq), hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and histochemistry. Additionally, most immune cells contain scattered small fat droplets except for white adipocytes with one large lipid droplet. The content of triglyceride in supraneural body is the highest compared with other tissues. The mRNA expression of both lipolysis-related genes and brown adipocytes-specific marker genes were up-regulated in supraneural body cells in response to epinephrine. Taken together, these data indicate that the supraneural body may play an important role in immune and fat storage. Our findings not only provided detailed insights into the unique molecular make-up of the supraneural body tissue, but also shed new light on future analyses of physiological functions in immune or lipid regulating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yan Chi
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Parker HJ, De Kumar B, Pushel I, Bronner ME, Krumlauf R. Analysis of lamprey meis genes reveals that conserved inputs from Hox, Meis and Pbx proteins control their expression in the hindbrain and neural tube. Dev Biol 2021; 479:61-76. [PMID: 34310923 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Meis genes are known to play important roles in the hindbrain and neural crest cells of jawed vertebrates. To explore the roles of Meis genes in head development during evolution of vertebrates, we have identified four meis genes in the sea lamprey genome and characterized their patterns of expression and regulation, with a focus on the hindbrain and pharynx. Each of the lamprey meis genes displays temporally and spatially dynamic patterns of expression, some of which are coupled to rhombomeric domains in the developing hindbrain and select pharyngeal arches. Studies of Meis loci in mouse and zebrafish have identified enhancers that are bound by Hox and TALE (Meis and Pbx) proteins, implicating these factors in the direct regulation of Meis expression. We examined the lamprey meis loci and identified a series of cis-elements conserved between lamprey and jawed vertebrate meis genes. In transgenic reporter assays we demonstrated that these elements act as neural enhancers in lamprey embryos, directing reporter expression in appropriate domains when compared to expression of their associated endogenous meis gene. Sequence alignments reveal that these conserved elements are in similar relative positions of the meis loci and contain a series of consensus binding motifs for Hox and TALE proteins. This suggests that ancient Hox and TALE-responsive enhancers regulated expression of ancestral vertebrate meis genes in segmental domains in the hindbrain and have been retained in the meis loci during vertebrate evolution. The presence of conserved Meis, Pbx and Hox binding sites in these lamprey enhancers links Hox and TALE factors to regulation of lamprey meis genes in the developing hindbrain, indicating a deep ancestry for these regulatory interactions prior to the divergence of jawed and jawless vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo J Parker
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Bony De Kumar
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Irina Pushel
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA
| | - Marianne E Bronner
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, 91125, USA
| | - Robb Krumlauf
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, MO, 64110, USA; Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Kansas University Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, 66160, USA.
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Khvorova IA, Nadei OV, Agalakova NI. Differential protein expression of mitogen-activated protein kinases in erythrocytes and liver of lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis on the course of prespawning starvation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2021; 264:111108. [PMID: 34728403 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2021.111108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The study was designed to identify the types of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) in erythrocytes and liver tissues of river lamprey Lampetra fluviatilis and monitor the changes in protein expression levels of found enzymes on the course of prespawning starvation (from November to the end of May). Immunoreactivity of the native and phosphorylated forms of ERK1/2, JNK and p38 was examined in the cytosolic and membrane cell fractions. Both lamprey erythrocytes and liver were found to highly express ERK1/2 and JNK, whereas only trace amounts of p38 were revealed in hepatic tissues. ERK1/2 was identified in cytosolic and membrane fractions, whereas JNK and p38 were predominantly cytosolic enzymes. Total cellular amounts of ERK1/2 and phospho-ERK1/2 in both erythrocytes and liver tissues appeared to be relatively stable on the course of prespawning starvation. However, before spawning ERK1/2 translocated from cytosol to membranes, with partial decline of its cytoplasmic expression being compensated by increases in membrane-bound pool. Immunoreactivity of cytoplasmic JNK, phospho-JNK and p38 were stable from November to March, but sharply decreased before spawning exhibiting almost negligible levels in May, which suggests the depletion of their cellular fractions. Most probably, ERK1/2 plays more important role in mediating adaptive responses of erythrocytes and liver tissues to conditions of natural starvation and maintenance of cell viability before spawning and death of animals in May.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina A Khvorova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Olga V Nadei
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia
| | - Natalia I Agalakova
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Thorez av. 44, Saint-Petersburg, 194223, Russia.
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Abstract
The olfactory system allows animals to navigate in their environment to feed, mate, and escape predators. It is well established that odorant exposure or electrical stimulation of the olfactory system induces stereotyped motor responses in fishes. However, the neural circuitry responsible for the olfactomotor transformations is only beginning to be unraveled. A neural substrate eliciting motor responses to olfactory inputs was identified in the lamprey, a basal vertebrate used extensively to examine the neural mechanisms underlying sensorimotor transformations. Two pathways were discovered from the olfactory organ in the periphery to the brainstem motor nuclei responsible for controlling swimming. The first pathway originates from sensory neurons located in the accessory olfactory organ and reaches a single population of projection neurons in the medial olfactory bulb, which, in turn, transmit the olfactory signals to the posterior tuberculum and then to downstream brainstem locomotor centers. A second pathway originates from the main olfactory epithelium and reaches the main olfactory bulb, the neurons of which project to the pallium/cortex. The olfactory signals are then conveyed to the posterior tuberculum and then to brainstem locomotor centers. Olfactomotor behavior can adapt, and studies were aimed at defining the underlying neural mechanisms. Modulation of bulbar neural activity by GABAergic, dopaminergic, and serotoninergic inputs is likely to provide strong control over the hardwired circuits to produce appropriate motor behavior in response to olfactory cues. This review summarizes current knowledge relative to the neural circuitry producing olfactomotor behavior in lampreys and their modulatory mechanisms.
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Sugahara F, Murakami Y, Pascual-Anaya J, Kuratani S. Forebrain Architecture and Development in Cyclostomes, with Reference to the Early Morphology and Evolution of the Vertebrate Head. Brain Behav Evol 2021; 96:305-317. [PMID: 34537767 DOI: 10.1159/000519026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The vertebrate head and brain are characterized by highly complex morphological patterns. The forebrain, the most anterior division of the brain, is subdivided into the diencephalon, hypothalamus, and telencephalon from the neuromeric subdivision into prosomeres. Importantly, the telencephalon contains the cerebral cortex, which plays a key role in higher order cognitive functions in humans. To elucidate the evolution of the forebrain regionalization, comparative analyses of the brain development between extant jawed and jawless vertebrates are crucial. Cyclostomes - lampreys and hagfishes - are the only extant jawless vertebrates, and diverged from jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) over 500 million years ago. Previous developmental studies on the cyclostome brain were conducted mainly in lampreys because hagfish embryos were rarely available. Although still scarce, the recent availability of hagfish embryos has propelled comparative studies of brain development and gene expression. By integrating findings with those of cyclostomes and fossil jawless vertebrates, we can depict the morphology, developmental mechanism, and even the evolutionary path of the brain of the last common ancestor of vertebrates. In this review, we summarize the development of the forebrain in cyclostomes and suggest what evolutionary changes each cyclostome lineage underwent during brain evolution. In addition, together with recent advances in the head morphology in fossil vertebrates revealed by CT scanning technology, we discuss how the evolution of craniofacial morphology and the changes of the developmental mechanism of the forebrain towards crown gnathostomes are causally related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Sugahara
- Division of Biology, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Japan.,Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, Japan
| | - Yasunori Murakami
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ehime University, Matsuyama, Japan
| | - Juan Pascual-Anaya
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, Japan.,Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain.,Andalusian Centre for Nanomedicine and Biotechnology (BIONAND), Málaga, Spain
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, Japan.,Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, Japan
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Wada S, Kawano-Yamashita E, Sugihara T, Tamotsu S, Koyanagi M, Terakita A. Insights into the evolutionary origin of the pineal color discrimination mechanism from the river lamprey. BMC Biol 2021; 19:188. [PMID: 34526036 PMCID: PMC8444496 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-021-01121-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Pineal-related organs in cyclostomes, teleosts, amphibians, and reptiles exhibit color opponency, generating antagonistic neural responses to different wavelengths of light and thereby sensory information about its “color”. Our previous studies suggested that in zebrafish and iguana pineal-related organs, a single photoreceptor cell expressing both UV-sensitive parapinopsin and green-sensitive parietopsin generates color opponency in a “one-cell system.” However, it remains unknown to what degree these opsins and the single cell-based mechanism in the pineal color opponency are conserved throughout non-mammalian vertebrates. Results We found that in the lamprey pineal organ, the two opsins are conserved but that, in contrast to the situation in other vertebrate pineal-related organs, they are expressed in separate photoreceptor cells. Intracellular electrophysiological recordings demonstrated that the parietopsin-expressing photoreceptor cells with Go-type G protein evoke a depolarizing response to visible light. Additionally, spectroscopic analyses revealed that parietopsin with 11-cis 3-dehydroretinal has an absorption maximum at ~570 nm, which is in approximate agreement with the wavelength (~560 nm) that produces the maximum rate of neural firing in pineal ganglion cells exposed to visible light. The vesicular glutamate transporter is localized at both the parietopsin- and parapinopsin-expressing photoreceptor terminals, suggesting that both types of photoreceptor cells use glutamate as a transmitter. Retrograde tracing of the pineal ganglion cells revealed that the terminal of the parietopsin-expressing cells is located close enough to form a neural connection with the ganglion cells, which is similar to our previous observation for the parapinopsin-expressing photoreceptor cells and the ganglion cells. In sum, our observations point to a “two-cell system” in which parietopsin and parapinopsin, expressed separately in two different types of photoreceptor cells, contribute to the generation of color opponency in the pineal ganglion cells. Conclusion Our results indicate that the jawless vertebrate, lamprey, employs a system for color opponency that differes from that described previously in jawed vertebrates. From a physiological viewpoint, we propose an evolutionary insight, the emergence of pineal “one-cell system” from the ancestral “multiple (two)-cell system,” showing the opposite evolutionary direction to that of the ocular color opponency. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-021-01121-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seiji Wada
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Emi Kawano-Yamashita
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,Department of Chemistry, Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Sugihara
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Satoshi Tamotsu
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Nara Women's University, Nara, 630-8506, Japan
| | - Mitsumasa Koyanagi
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.,The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan
| | - Akihisa Terakita
- Department of Biology and Geosciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan. .,The OCU Advanced Research Institute for Natural Science and Technology, Osaka City University, Osaka, 558-8585, Japan.
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34
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Suryanarayana SM, Pérez-Fernández J, Robertson B, Grillner S. The Lamprey Forebrain - Evolutionary Implications. Brain Behav Evol 2021; 96:318-333. [PMID: 34192700 DOI: 10.1159/000517492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The forebrain plays a critical role in a broad range of neural processes encompassing sensory integration and initiation/selection of behaviour. The forebrain functions through an interaction between different cortical areas, the thalamus, the basal ganglia with the dopamine system, and the habenulae. The ambition here is to compare the mammalian forebrain with that of the lamprey representing the oldest now living group of vertebrates, by a review of earlier studies. We show that the lamprey dorsal pallium has a motor, a somatosensory, and a visual area with retinotopic representation. The lamprey pallium was previously thought to be largely olfactory. There is also a detailed similarity between the lamprey and mammals with regard to other forebrain structures like the basal ganglia in which the general organisation, connectivity, transmitters and their receptors, neuropeptides, and expression of ion channels are virtually identical. These initially unexpected results allow for the possibility that many aspects of the basic design of the vertebrate forebrain had evolved before the lamprey diverged from the evolutionary line leading to mammals. Based on a detailed comparison between the mammalian forebrain and that of the lamprey and with due consideration of data from other vertebrate groups, we propose a compelling account of a pan-vertebrate schema for basic forebrain structures, suggesting a common ancestry of over half a billion years of vertebrate evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreyas M Suryanarayana
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Juan Pérez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden.,CINBIO, Universidade de Vigo, Campus Universitario Lagoas, Vigo, Spain
| | - Brita Robertson
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Sten Grillner
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
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35
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Striedter GF, Northcutt RG. The Independent Evolution of Dorsal Pallia in Multiple Vertebrate Lineages. Brain Behav Evol 2021; 96:200-211. [PMID: 34175847 DOI: 10.1159/000516563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Comparative neurobiologists have long wondered when and how the dorsal pallium (e.g., mammalian neocortex) evolved. For the last 50 years, the most widely accepted answer has been that this structure was already present in the earliest vertebrates and, therefore, homologous between the major vertebrate lineages. One challenge for this hypothesis is that the olfactory bulbs project throughout most of the pallium in the most basal vertebrate lineages (notably lampreys, hagfishes, and lungfishes) but do not project to the putative dorsal pallia in teleosts, cartilaginous fishes, and amniotes (i.e., reptiles, birds, and mammals). To make sense of these data, one may hypothesize that a dorsal pallium existed in the earliest vertebrates and received extensive olfactory input, which was subsequently lost in several lineages. However, the dorsal pallium is notoriously difficult to delineate in many vertebrates, and its homology between the various lineages is often based on little more than its topology. Therefore, we suspect that dorsal pallia evolved independently in teleosts, cartilaginous fishes, and amniotes. We further hypothesize that the emergence of these dorsal pallia was accompanied by the phylogenetic restriction of olfactory projections to the pallium and the expansion of inputs from other sensory modalities. We do not deny that the earliest vertebrates may have possessed nonolfactory sensory inputs to some parts of the pallium, but such projections alone do not define a dorsal pallium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg F Striedter
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - R Glenn Northcutt
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography and Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Tamaki T, Kagawa N, Fukushima N. The Japanese lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum) expresses functional lysophosphatidic acid receptors. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 568:1-7. [PMID: 34166971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) signaling plays diverse roles in the development of various vertebrates such as mammals and fish. The lamprey is a fish that retains ancestral features of vertebrates, but information regarding lamprey LPA receptor genes is limited. Here, using information from the lamprey genome database, we cloned two LPA receptor genes, Lpar1 and Lpar5, from the Japanese lamprey (Lethenteron camtschaticum). Lamprey Lpar1 had a high amino acid identity to mouse and medaka fish Lpar1, whereas Lpar5 amino acid sequences were more diverse between species. Our functional analyses using a heterologous expression system demonstrated that Lpar1 and Lpar5 responded to LPA treatment with G12/13-associated cellular responses, which are indicative of cytoskeletal actions. The existence of functional LPA receptors in the Japanese lamprey suggests that LPA receptor-dependent signals contribute to lamprey growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Tamaki
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nao Kagawa
- Division of Animal Genetics, Department of Life Science, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Fukushima
- Division of Molecular Neurobiology, Department of Life Science, Kindai University, Higashiosaka, Japan.
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Geng M, Hua Y, Liu Y, Quan J, Hu X, Su P, Li Y, Liu X, Li Q, Zhu T. Evolutionary history and functional characterization of Lj-TICAM-a and Lj-TICAM-b formed via lineage-specific tandem duplication in lamprey (Lampetra japonica). Genomics 2021; 113:2756-2768. [PMID: 34147633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Toll/interleukin-1 receptor domain-containing adaptor molecule (TICAM) genes respond to infections. We identified TICAM-a and TICAM-b in Lampetra japonica and investigated their evolutionary history and potential function via comparative genomics and molecular evolution analyses. They are arranged in tandem and evolved from a multi-exon to a single-exon structure. Lj-TICAM-a and Lj-TICAM-b might be the ancestral gene of the vertebrate TICAM genes. Lj-TICAM-b arose via a lamprey-specific tandem duplication event. Both genes are expressed in many tissues during an immune response, and exhibit different responses to peptidoglycan, indicating their functional divergence. Simultaneous overexpression of both proteins activated nuclear factor κB expression and co-immunoprecipitation assays indicated that they might form a complex for signal transduction. However, unlike in mammals, the TICAM-dependent signaling pathway in lamprey might rely on TRAF3 rather than on TRAF6. These results suggest that both Lj-TICAM-a and Lj-TICAM-b play a role in host defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Geng
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yishan Hua
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yu Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Jian Quan
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xueting Hu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China.
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116081, China.
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Zhong Z, Wu T, Zhu T, Pang Y, Li Q, Su P. Identification, molecular evolution, and expression analysis of the transcription factor Smad gene family in lamprey. Mol Immunol 2021; 136:128-37. [PMID: 34139553 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Transcription factor small mothers against decapentaplegic (Smad) family SMAD proteins are the essential intracellular signal mediators and transcription factors for transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) signal transduction pathway, which usually exert pleiotropic actions on cell physiology, including immune response, cell migration and differentiation. In this study, the Smad family was identified in the most primitive vertebrates through the investigation of the transcriptome data of lampreys. The topology of phylogenetic tree showed that the four Smads (Smad1, Smad3, Smad4 and Smad6) in lampreys were subdivided into four different groups. Meanwhile, homology analysis indicated that most Smads were conserved with typical Mad Homology (MH) 1 and MH2 domains. In addition, Lethenteron reissneri Smads (Lr-Smads) adopted general Smads folding structure and had high tertiary structural similarity with human Smads (H-Smads). Genomic synteny analysis revealed that the large-scale duplication blocks were not found in lamprey genome and neighbor genes of lamprey Smads presented dramatic differences compared with jawed vertebrates. Importantly, quantitative real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that Smads were widely expressed in lamprey, and the expression level of Lr-Smads mRNA was up-regulated with different pathogenic stimulations. Moreover, depending on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA), four Lr-Smads were identified as two meaningful modules (green and gray). The functional analysis of these two modules showed that they might have a correlation with ployI:C. And these genes presented strong positive correlation during the immune response from the results of Pearson's correlation analysis. In conclusion, our results would not only enrich the information of Smad family in jawless vertebrates, but also lay the foundation for immunity in further study.
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Root ZD, Jandzik D, Allen C, Brewer M, Romášek M, Square T, Medeiros DM. Lamprey lecticans link new vertebrate genes to the origin and elaboration of vertebrate tissues. Dev Biol 2021; 476:282-93. [PMID: 33887266 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The evolution of vertebrates from an invertebrate chordate ancestor involved the evolution of new organs, tissues, and cell types. It was also marked by the origin and duplication of new gene families. If, and how, these morphological and genetic innovations are related is an unresolved question in vertebrate evolution. Hyaluronan is an extracellular matrix (ECM) polysaccharide important for water homeostasis and tissue structure. Vertebrates possess a novel family of hyaluronan binding proteins called Lecticans, and studies in jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes) have shown they function in many of the cells and tissues that are unique to vertebrates. This raises the possibility that the origin and/or expansion of this gene family helped drive the evolution of these vertebrate novelties. In order to better understand the evolution of the lectican gene family, and its role in the evolution of vertebrate morphological novelties, we investigated the phylogeny, genomic arrangement, and expression patterns of all lecticans in the sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), a jawless vertebrate. Though both P. marinus and gnathostomes each have four lecticans, our phylogenetic and syntenic analyses are most consistent with the independent duplication of one of more lecticans in the lamprey lineage. Despite the likely independent expansion of the lamprey and gnathostome lectican families, we find highly conserved expression of lecticans in vertebrate-specific and mesenchyme-derived tissues. We also find that, unlike gnathostomes, lamprey expresses its lectican paralogs in distinct subpopulations of head skeleton precursors, potentially reflecting an ancestral diversity of skeletal tissue types. Together, these observations suggest that the ancestral pre-duplication lectican had a complex expression pattern, functioned to support mesenchymal histology, and likely played a role in the evolution of vertebrate-specific cell and tissue types.
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Ma A, Gou M, Song T, Li J, Zhu Y, Pang Y, Li Q. Genomic analysis and functional characterization of immune genes from the RIG-I- and MAVS-mediated antiviral signaling pathway in lamprey. Genomics 2021; 113:2400-12. [PMID: 33887365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid-inducible gene I (RIG-I)-like receptors (RLRs) are well-known viral RNA sensors in the cytoplasm. RIG-I-mediated antiviral signals are activated by interacting with the adapter protein mitochondrial antiviral signaling (MAVS), which triggers interferon (IFN) responses via a signaling cascade. Although the complete RIG-I receptor signaling pathway has been traced back to teleosts, definitive evidence of its presence in lampreys is lacking. Here, we identified 13 pivotal molecules in the RIG-I signaling pathway in lamprey, and demonstrated that the original RIG-I/MAVS signaling pathway was activated and mediated the expression of unique immunity factors such as RRP4, to inhibit viral proliferation after viral infection in vivo and in vitro. This study confirmed the conservation of the RIG-I pathway, and the uniqueness of the RRP4 effector molecule in lamprey, and further clarified the evolutionary process of the RIG-I antiviral signaling pathway, providing evidence on the origins of innate antiviral immunity in vertebrates.
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Zheng K, Li T. Prediction of ATPase cation transporting 13A2 molecule in Petromyzon marinus and pan-cancer analysis into human tumors from an evolutionary perspective. Immunogenetics 2021; 73:277-289. [PMID: 33743014 DOI: 10.1007/s00251-021-01216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The ATPase cation transporting 13A2 protein (ATP13A2), which maintains the homeostasis of mitochondria and lysosomes, plays a significant role in human neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Through constructing a lamprey proteome database, employing multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis, 5 ATP13A2 proteins from Petromyzon marinus (Pm-ATP13A2) were identified based on the evolutionary perspective. The motif and domain analysis showed that the ATP13A2 protein was conserved. The multiple phosphorylation sites and transmembrane structures highlighted the characteristics of ATP13A2 as the P-ATPase-V cation transporting protein. Based on the information provided by the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases, this study was conducted as a preliminary investigation of the carcinogenic effects of the ATP13A2 gene in a variety of tumors. The ATP13A2 was strongly expressed in most tumors, except in two types of nervous system tumors glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and brain lower grade glioma (LGG). Moreover, the expression of ATP13A2 was strongly correlated with the prognosis of tumor patients. The high expression of ATP13A2 was obviously related to the poor prognosis of LGG. The poor prognosis of LGG patients may affect the ATP13A2 expression through the immune cells and radiotherapy. Also, cancer-related fibroblast infiltration was observed. All in all, this work offers more insights into the molecular evolution of the ATP13A2 protein and facilitates the understanding of the carcinogenic effects of the ATP13A2 in different tumors. Our discussion also promotes the study into the successful evolution of the vertebrate brain and the mechanism of clinical brain-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaifeng Zheng
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Tiesong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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Yamamoto H, Kon T, Omori Y, Furukawa T. Functional and Evolutionary Diversification of Otx2 and Crx in Vertebrate Retinal Photoreceptor and Bipolar Cell Development. Cell Rep 2021; 30:658-671.e5. [PMID: 31968244 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.12.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Otx family homeoproteins Otx2 and Crx are expressed in photoreceptor precursor cells and bind to the common DNA-binding consensus sequence, but these two proteins have distinct functions in retinal development. To examine the functional substitutability of Otx2 and Crx, we generate knockin mouse lines in which Crx is replaced by Otx2 and vice versa. We find that Otx2 and Crx cannot be substituted in photoreceptor development. Subsequently, we investigate the function of Otx2 in photoreceptor and bipolar cell development. High Otx2 levels induce photoreceptor cell fate but not bipolar cell fate, whereas reduced Otx2 expression impairs bipolar cell maturation and survival. Furthermore, we identify Otx2 and Crx in the lamprey genome by using synteny analysis, suggesting that the last common ancestor of vertebrates possesses both Otx2 and Crx. We find that the retinal Otx2 expression pattern is different between lampreys and mice, suggesting that neofunctionalization of Otx2 occurred in the jawed vertebrate lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruka Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Kon
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Omori
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Sun Z, Qin Y, Liu D, Wang B, Jia Z, Wang J, Gao Q, Zou J, Pang Y. The evolution and functional characterization of CXC chemokines and receptors in lamprey. Dev Comp Immunol 2021; 116:103905. [PMID: 33164777 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Chemokines are a large family of soluble peptides guiding cell migration in development and immune defense. They interact with chemokine receptors and are essential for the coordination of cell migration in diverse physiological processes. The CXC subfamily is one of the largest groups in the chemokine family and consists of multiple members. In this study, we identified homologues of three chemokine ligands (CXCL8, CXCL_F5 and CXCL12) and two CXC receptor like molecules (CXCR_L1 and CXCR_L2) in lamprey. Sequence analysis revealed that they share the same genomic organization with their counterparts in jawed vertebrates but synteny was not conserved. Lamprey CXCL8 and CXCL12 have four conserved cysteine residues whilst the CXCL_F5 has two additional cysteine residues. In addition, CXCL_F5 is evolutionarily related to the fish specific CXC chemokine groups previously identified and contains multiple cationic aa residues in the extended C- terminal region. The two CXCRs possess seven transmembrane domains and conserved structural elements for receptor activation and signaling, including the DRYXXI(V)Y motif in TM2, the disulphide bond connecting ECL2 and TM3, the WXP motif in TM6 and NPXXY motif in TM7. The identified CXC chemokines and receptors were constitutively expressed in tissues including the liver, kidney, intestine, heart, gills, supraneural body and primary leukocytes, but exhibited distinct expression patterns. Relatively high expression was detected in the gills for CXCL8, CXCL_F5 and CXCR_L1 and in the supraneural body for CXCL12 and CXCR_L2. All the genes except CXCL12 were upregulated by stimulation with LPS, pokeweed and bacterial infection, and the CXCL8 and CXCL_F5 was induced by poly (I:C). Functional analysis showed that the CXCL8 and CXCL_F5 specifically interacted with CXCR_L1 and CXCR_L2, respectively. Our results demonstrate that the CXC chemokine system had diversified in jawless fish.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Chemokines, CXC/chemistry
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/immunology
- Evolution, Molecular
- Fish Diseases/genetics
- Fish Diseases/immunology
- Fish Diseases/microbiology
- Fish Proteins/classification
- Fish Proteins/genetics
- Fish Proteins/immunology
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Host-Pathogen Interactions/immunology
- Lampreys/genetics
- Lampreys/immunology
- Lampreys/microbiology
- Models, Molecular
- Phylogeny
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- Protein Conformation
- Receptors, CXCR/chemistry
- Receptors, CXCR/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR/immunology
- Sequence Analysis, DNA
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Staphylococcus aureus/immunology
- Staphylococcus aureus/physiology
- Vibrio/immunology
- Vibrio/physiology
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaosheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuting Qin
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Danjie Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Bangjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, China; National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China; Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
| | - Yue Pang
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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Li Y, Zhang W, Zhao Y, Zhu T, Li Q. Gut-derived Shewanella induces the differentially expressed proteins in leukocytes of Lampetra japonica. J Proteomics 2021; 236:104123. [PMID: 33540063 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2021.104123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lampreys, one of the most basal jawless vertebrates, are an excellent animal model for investigating vertebrate evolution, embryonic development, and the origin of adaptive immunity. Gut-derived Shewanella strain was isolated and then proved to induce adaptive immunity response in lampreys. Using Shewanella as the antigen, the effect of gut-derived Shewanella on lamprey leukocyte proteome was investigated via label-free liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for quantitative proteomics analysis. Twenty-five differentially expressed proteins in lamprey leukocytes were identified with significant differences. The differentially expressed proteins were associated with several biological processes. Among these proteins, the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) was significantly upregulated in leukocytes after Shewanella immunization, indicating that lamprey STAT3 (L-STAT3) was involved in Shewanella-lamprey interactions. Expression pattern analysis revealed that L-STAT3 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm and upregulated in other tissues after Shewanella immunization. Moreover, L-STAT3 overexpression could promote HEK-293 T and HeLa cell proliferation. However, the functions of L-STAT3 in the adaptive immune response of lamprey induced by gut-derived Shewanella remain to be explored. Overall, the identification of leukocyte proteins involved in Shewanella-lamprey interactions provides important information for understanding the variable lymphocyte receptor-based adaptive immune signal pathways in lampreys. SIGNIFICANCE: Lampreys are considered to be an excellent animal model for studying the origin and development of adaptive immune systems in vertebrates. Lampreys use variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) in recognizing antigens. However, the understanding of the VLR-based adaptive immune signal pathways in lampreys remains unclear. Intestinal bacteria could regulate the development of host immune systems. The attempts of inducing lamprey leukocyte differentially expressed proteins using the gut bacterial as the antigen will supply an promising avenue to explore the molecular mechanism of the intestinal bacteria interaction with it's host. Also, the identification of differentially expressed proteins involved in interactions between gut-derived Shewanella and lamprey will supply clues for understanding the variable lymphocyte receptor-based adaptive immune signal pathways in lampreys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.
| | - Wenying Zhang
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Yihua Zhao
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- School of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, China.
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45
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Liu Y, Xu X, Wang X, Zhu T, Li J, Pang Y, Li Q. Analysis of the lamprey genotype provides insights into caspase evolution and functional divergence. Mol Immunol 2021; 132:8-20. [PMID: 33524772 DOI: 10.1016/j.molimm.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The cysteine-containing aspartate specific proteinase (caspase) family plays important roles in apoptosis and the maintenance of homeostasis in lampreys. We conducted genomic and functional comparisons of six distinct lamprey caspase groups with human counterparts to determine how these expanded molecules evolved to adapt to the changing caspase-mediated signaling pathways. Our results showed that lineage-specific duplication and rearrangement were responsible for expanding lamprey caspases 3 and 7, whereas caspases 1, 6, 8, and 9 maintained a relatively stable genome and protein structure. Lamprey caspase family molecules displayed various expression patterns and were involved in the innate immune response. Caspase 1 and 7 functioned as a pattern recognition receptor with a broad-spectrum of microbial recognition and bactericidal effect. Additionally, caspases 1 and 7 may induce cell apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner; however, apoptosis was inhibited by caspase inhibitors. Thus, these molecules may reflect the original state of the vertebrates caspase family. Our phylogenetic and functional data provide insights into the evolutionary history of caspases and illustrate their functional characteristics in primitive vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xiaoluan Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Xiaotong Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Ting Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
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46
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Li J, Liu H, Ma Q, Song X, Pang Y, Su P, Sun F, Gou M, Lu J, Shan Y, Guan H, Liu X, Li Q, Han Y. VLRs expression were significantly affected by complement C3 knockdown morphants in Lampetra morii. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 106:307-317. [PMID: 32681885 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The complement component 3 of the lamprey, a jawless vertebrate, functions as an opsonin during the phagocytosis of rabbit red cells. Furthermore, lamprey C3 may be activated and cleaved into C3b, which is attached to the surface of target cells in the cytolytic process. However, the mechanism mediating the biological function of C3 in the lamprey is unknown. To our knowledge, this study is the first to show that variable lymphocyte receptors (VLRs) expression were significantly affected by complement C3 knockdown morphants in Lampetra morii. We identified the C3 gene in the lamprey genome based on its orthologs, conserved synteny, functional domains, phylogenetic tree, and conserved motifs. Additionally, we determined the optimal infection concentration of Aeromonas hydrophila to perform immune stimulation experiments in the lamprey larvae. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that the expression of Lampetra morii C3 (lmC3) was significantly upregulated in the larvae infected with 107 CFU/mL of A. hydrophila. The lmC3 morphants (lmC3 MO) of lamprey larvae were generated by morpholino-mediated knockdown. The lmC3 MO larvae were highly susceptible to A. hydrophila infection, which indicated that lmC3 is critical in lamprey immune response. The expression of a selected panel of orthologous genes was comparatively analyzed in the infected wild type, infected lmC3 MO, infected control MO, uninfected wild type and uninfected lmC3 MO one-month-old ammocoete larvae. The knockdown of lmC3 strongly affected the expression of VLRA+/VLRB+/VLRC+-associated genes, which was also confirmed by immunohistochemical analysis. Thus, VLR expression were significantly affected by complement C3 knockdown morphants in Lampetra morii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Huaixiu Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Feng Sun
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Shan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Haoran Guan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Li J, Ma Q, Liu H, Song X, Pang Y, Su P, Sun F, Gou M, Lu J, Shan Y, Liu X, Li Q, Han Y. Complement component C1q plays a critical role in VLRA/VLRC-mediated immune response. Dev Comp Immunol 2020; 111:103750. [PMID: 32447013 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2020.103750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
In jawless vertebrates, the lamprey complement component C1q (LC1q) acts as a lectin and activates lamprey complement component C3 (LC3) in association with mannose-binding lectin (MBL)-associated serine protease (MASP) via the lectin pathway. Furthermore, LC1q may interact with variable lymphocyte receptor B (VLRB) in a complex with antigens and mediate the activation of LC3, leading to cytolysis. In the present study, we found, for the first time, that LC1q plays a critical role in VLRA/VLRC-mediated immune response. Escherichia coli, Shigella flexneri, Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Aeromonas allosaccharophila, P. luteola, Brevundimonas diminuta, and Bacillus cereus were isolated from infected Lampetra morii in our laboratory and identified using the 16s rRNA method. A. hydrophila was confirmed as a rapidly spreading lethal pathogen in the larvae of L. morii and was used in subsequent immune stimulation experiments. The results of real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Q-PCR) and immunofluorescence analyses indicated that the RNA and protein expression levels of LC1q were upregulated following exposure to 107 cfu/mL of A. hydrophila, compared to the levels of the naïve group. We obtained LC1q morphants (LC1q MO) of lamprey larvae by morpholino-mediated knockdowns. We found that LC1q played key roles in the embryonic development of lamprey. The median lethal time (LT50) of LC1q MO larvae was 2 d after being exposed to the pathogens, whereas the LT50 of control MO was 5 d. The drastic decrease in LT50 values after LC1q knockdown implies that LC1q plays a critical role in lamprey immune response. Gene expression profiles of LC1q-deficient A. hydrophila, control MO A. hydrophila, wild type A. hydrophila, and naive 1-month-old ammocoetes larvae were compared by examining the expression levels of a selected panel of orthologous genes. It is worth mentioning that LC1q MO affected the VLRA+/VLRC + population genes but did not affect the VLRB + populations. Immunohistochemical data indicated that LC1q deficiency also affected VLRA and VLRC but not VLRB. Thus, LC1q plays a critical role in VLRA/VLRC-mediated immune response in lamprey.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Liaoning Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Infectious Diseases Control and Prevention, Liaoning Institute of Freshwater Fisheries Sciences, Liaoyang, 111000, China
| | - Qinghua Ma
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Huaixiu Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xiaoping Song
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China; Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China
| | - Yue Pang
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Peng Su
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Feng Sun
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Meng Gou
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Jingjing Lu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yue Shan
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Yinglun Han
- College of Life Science, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116029, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Kusakabe R, Higuchi S, Tanaka M, Kadota M, Nishimura O, Kuratani S. Novel developmental bases for the evolution of hypobranchial muscles in vertebrates. BMC Biol 2020; 18:120. [PMID: 32907560 PMCID: PMC7488077 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-020-00851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vertebrates are characterized by possession of hypobranchial muscles (HBMs). Cyclostomes, or modern jawless vertebrates, possess a rudimentary and superficial HBM lateral to the pharynx, whereas the HBM in jawed vertebrates is internalized and anteroposteriorly specified. Precursor cells of the HBM, marked by expression of Lbx1, originate from somites and undergo extensive migration before becoming innervated by the hypoglossal nerve. How the complex form of HBM arose in evolution is relevant to the establishment of the vertebrate body plan, but despite having long been assumed to be similar to that of limb muscles, modification of developmental mechanisms of HBM remains enigmatic. RESULTS Here we characterize the expression of Lbx genes in lamprey and hagfish (cyclostomes) and catshark (gnathostome; jawed vertebrates). We show that the expression patterns of the single cyclostome Lbx homologue, Lbx-A, do not resemble the somitic expression of mammalian Lbx1. Disruption of Lbx-A revealed that LjLbx-A is required for the formation of both HBM and body wall muscles, likely due to the insufficient extension of precursor cells rather than to hindered muscle differentiation. Both homologues of Lbx in the catshark were expressed in the somitic muscle primordia, unlike in amniotes. During catshark embryogenesis, Lbx2 is expressed in the caudal HBM as well as in the abdominal rectus muscle, similar to lamprey Lbx-A, whereas Lbx1 marks the rostral HBM and pectoral fin muscle. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the vertebrate HBM primarily emerged as a specialized somatic muscle to cover the pharynx, and the anterior internalized HBM of the gnathostomes is likely a novelty added rostral to the cyclostome-like HBM, for which duplication and functionalization of Lbx genes would have been a prerequisite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Kusakabe
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan.
| | - Shinnosuke Higuchi
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University, Kobe, 657-8501, Japan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 734-8553, Japan
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Kadota
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Osamu Nishimura
- Laboratory for Phyloinformatics, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
| | - Shigeru Kuratani
- Laboratory for Evolutionary Morphology, RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research (BDR), 2-2-3 Minatojima-minami, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo, 650-0047, Japan
- Evolutionary Morphology Laboratory, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research (CPR), Kobe, 650-0047, Japan
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Shi Y, Li Q, Sun F, Zhu C, Ma S, Qin D, Li Q, Li T. Lamprey PHB2 maintains mitochondrial stability by tanslocation to the mitochondria under oxidative stress. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 104:613-621. [PMID: 32592929 PMCID: PMC7311904 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Before we have reported lamprey PHB2 could enhance the cellular oxidative-stressed tolerance, here the aim was to explore its mechanisms. We used flow cytometry analysis to identify a Lampetra morii homologue of PHB2 (Lm-PHB2) that could significantly decrease the levels of ROS generation in HEK293T cells. According to confocal microscopy observations, Lm-PHB2 contributed to maintain the mitochondrial morphology of HEK293T cells, and then both cellular nuclear location and translocation from the nucleus to mitochondria of Lm-PHB2 were also examined in HEK293T cells under oxidative stress. We also examined the expressions and locations of various Lm-PHB2 deletion mutants and the amino acid mutant by confocal microscopy and the results showed that the translocation of Lm-PHB2 into mitochondria was dependent on the Lm-PHB21-50aa region and the 17th, 48th and 57th three arginines (R) of N-terminal were very critical. In addition, the analyses of QRT-PCR and Western blot demonstrated that Lm-PHB2 increased the expression levels of OPA1 and HAX1 in HEK293T cells treated with H2O2. The analyses of immunofluorescence and immunoprecipitation showed that Lm-PHB2 could interact with OPA1 and HAX1, respectively. The above mentioned results indicate that Lm-PHB2 could assist OPA1 and HAX1 to maintain mitochondrial morphology and decrease ROS levels by the translocation from the nucleus to mitochondria under oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Shi
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qing Li
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, China
| | - Feng Sun
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China
| | - Chenyue Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Sainan Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Di Qin
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China
| | - Qingwei Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
| | - Tiesong Li
- College of Life Sciences, Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian, 116034, China.
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Guo Y, Li T, Li Q, Pang Y, Su P. A novel protein upstream stimulatory factor 2 identified in lamprey, Lethenteron reissneri. Dev Genes Evol 2020; 230:347-57. [PMID: 32852621 DOI: 10.1007/s00427-020-00666-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Upstream stimulatory factors are kinds of multi-functional transcription factors, which are expressed in eukaryotes widely, including Upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USFl) and upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2). USF protein has a typical basic helix-loop-helix leucine zipper (b-HLH-LZ) structure, which is involved in cell cycle, cell proliferations, glucose and lipid metabolism, and other biochemical processes. Although the USF family is an important regulator of cellular processes, little is known about the USF genes of lampreys, especially their evolutionary relationships, expression profiles, and biological functions. Here, an upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) homolog from lamprey (Lethenteron reissneri) was identified and characterized (designated as L-USF2) because it is closer to USF2 subfamily than to USF1 subfamily. The cDNA fragment of L-USF2 has an open reading frame (ORF) of 765-bp length, encodes 254 amino acids, and contains an HLH domain at the c-terminal of amino acids. Meanwhile, motifs and genetic structure analysis reveal that USF2 gene exons are conserved. Moreover, the 3D structure analysis indicates that L-USF2 adopts the general USF2 folding and has a high structural similarity with H-USF2. The synteny results showed that the L-USF2 adjacent gene changed greatly compared with the jaw vertebrates. By real-time quantitative experiment and Western blot analysis, we found that L-USF2 gene played a significant role in the immune responses. This study not only provides us with a further understanding of the evolution and function of the USF gene family but also provides a basis for exploring its immune responses and immune defenses in lampreys.
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