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Uong TNT, Yoon M, Chung IJ, Nam TK, Ahn SJ, Jeong JU, Song JY, Kim YH, Nguyen HPQ, Cho D, Chu TH, Dang GC, Nguyen NPNM. Direct Tumor Irradiation Potentiates Adoptive NK Cell Targeting Against Parental and Stemlike Cancer in Human Liver Cancer Models. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2024; 119:234-250. [PMID: 37981041 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation therapy (RT) has been shown to effectively induce the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), which is recognized by lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) expressed on natural killer (NK) cells. However, the potential synergistic antitumor immune response of tumor irradiation and administered NK cells has not been explored in intractable human liver cancers. Furthermore, NK cell targeting against both parental and cancer stemness has never been investigated. METHODS AND MATERIALS Highly activated ex vivo NK cells were administered into the human liver tumor-bearing mice. Tumor direct RT was optimized according to tumor bearing site. HepG2 and Hep3B ICAM-1 knockout cells were generated using CRISPR/CAS9. Stemness tumor spheres were generated. NK cell cytolysis against parental and tumor sphere was evaluated using flow cytometry and real-time cytotoxicity assay. RESULTS A combination of adoptive NK cell therapy with RT significantly improved therapeutic efficacy over monotherapies against subcutaneous, orthotopic, and metastatic human liver tumor models. Direct tumor irradiation potentiated NK cell recognition and conjugation against liver cancer through the LFA-1/ICAM-1 axis. Suppression of immune synapse formation on NK cells using high-affinity LFA-1 inhibitors or ICAM-1 knockout liver cancer induced "outside-in" signal blocking in NK cells, resulting in failure to eliminate liver tumor despite the combination therapy. NK cells effectively recognized and targeted triple-high epithelial cell adhesion molecule+CD133+CD24+ liver cancer expressing upregulated ICAM-1 in the irradiated tumor microenvironment, which led to prevention of the initiation of metastasis, improving survival in a metastatic model. In addition, the LFA-1/ICAM-1 axis interruption between NK cells and stemness liver tumor spheres significantly diminished NK cell cytolysis. Consistent with our preclinical data, the LFA-1/ICAM-1 axis correlated with survival outcomes in patients with metastatic cancer from the The Cancer Genome Atlas databases. CONCLUSIONS NK cells in combination with tumor irradiation can provide synergistic therapeutic effects for NK cell recognition and elimination against both parental and stemlike liver cancer through LFA-1/ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tung Nguyen Thanh Uong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Meesun Yoon
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ik-Joo Chung
- Immunotherapy Innovation Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Hwasun, Republic of Korea; Department of Hematology and Oncology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Keun Nam
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Ja Ahn
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Uk Jeong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju-Young Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Hyub Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Huy Phuoc Quang Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Duck Cho
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tan-Huy Chu
- Department of Hematology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Vietnam
| | - Giang Chau Dang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Microbiology and Combinatorial Tumor Immunotherapy Research Center, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Nhat Phuoc Nguong Minh Nguyen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea; Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University Graduate School, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Li F, Wang Z, Zheng D, Pang Z, Feng C, Ma Y, Yang C, Li X, Peng S, Liu Z, Mu X. NK92 cells and peripheral blood NK cells respond oppositely upon dasatinib treatment. Immunology 2024; 172:163-177. [PMID: 38361445 DOI: 10.1111/imm.13768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell is a valuable tool for immunotherapy in cancer treatment, both the cultured cell line NK92 and primary NK cells are widely studied and used in research and clinical trials. Clinical observations witnessed the improvement of patients' NK cells in terms of cell counts and cytotoxic activity upon dasatinib treatment, an approved drug for chronic myeloid leukaemia and Ph+ acute lymphocytic leukaemia. Several studies supported the clinical observations, yet others argued a detrimental effect of dasatinib on NK cells. Due to the complex conditions in different studies, the definite influence of dasatinib on NK92 and primary NK cells remains to be settled. Here, we used a well-defined in vitro system to evaluate the effects of dasatinib on NK92 cells and peripheral blood (PB)-NK cells. By co-culturing NK cells with dasatinib to test the cell counts and target cell-killing activities, we surprisingly found that the chemical influenced oppositely on these two types of NK cells. While dasatinib suppressed NK92 cell proliferation and cytotoxic activity, it improved PB-NK-killing tumour cells. RNA sequencing analysis further supported this finding, uncovering several proliferating and cytotoxic pathways responding invertedly between them. Our results highlighted an intrinsic difference between NK92 and PB-NK cells and may build clues to understand how dasatinib interacts with NK cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengqi Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhongyi Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Dongpeng Zheng
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhaojun Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunjing Feng
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Health-Biotech Group Stem Cell Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Health-Biotech Group Stem Cell Research Institute, Tianjin, China
| | - Ce Yang
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xueren Li
- Jinnan Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Jinnan Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Shouchun Peng
- Jinnan Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Jinnan Hospital), Tianjin, China
- Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zichuan Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Jinnan Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Jinnan Hospital), Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Mu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin University and Health-Biotech United Group Joint Laboratory of Innovative Drug Development and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
- Jinnan Hospital, Tianjin University (Tianjin Jinnan Hospital), Tianjin, China
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Harrer DC, Li SS, Kaljanac M, Bezler V, Barden M, Pan H, Herr W, Abken H. Magnetic CAR T cell purification using an anti-G4S linker antibody. J Immunol Methods 2024; 528:113667. [PMID: 38574803 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2024.113667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) redirected T cells are successfully employed in the combat against several hematological malignancies, however, are often compromised by low transduction rates making refinement of the CAR T cell products necessary. Here, we report a broadly applicable enrichment protocol relying on marking CAR T cells with an anti-glycine4-serine (G4S) linker antibody followed by magnetic activated cell sorting (MACS). The protocol is broadly applicable since the G4S peptide is an integral part of the vast majority of CARs as it links the VH and VL recognition domains. We demonstrate the feasibility by using the canonical second generation CARs specific for CEA and Her2, respectively, obtaining highly purified CAR T cell products in a one-step procedure without impairing cell viability. The protocol is also applicable to a dual specific CAR (tandem CAR). Except for CD39, T cell activation/exhaustion markers were not upregulated after separation. Purified CAR T cells retained their functionality with respect to antigen-specific cytokine secretion, cytotoxicity, and the capacity to proliferate and eliminate cognate tumor cells upon repetitive stimulation. Collectively, the one-step protocol for purifying CAR T cells extends the toolbox for preclinical research and specifically for clinical CAR T cell manufacturing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dennis Christoph Harrer
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Div. Genetic Immunotherapy, Regensburg, and Chair Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Sin-Syue Li
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Div. Genetic Immunotherapy, Regensburg, and Chair Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Germany; Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Marcell Kaljanac
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Div. Genetic Immunotherapy, Regensburg, and Chair Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Germany
| | - Valerie Bezler
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Div. Genetic Immunotherapy, Regensburg, and Chair Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus Barden
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Div. Genetic Immunotherapy, Regensburg, and Chair Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hong Pan
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Div. Genetic Immunotherapy, Regensburg, and Chair Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herr
- Department of Internal Medicine III - Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Hinrich Abken
- Leibniz Institute for Immunotherapy, Div. Genetic Immunotherapy, Regensburg, and Chair Genetic Immunotherapy, University Regensburg, Germany
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Quiros-Fernandez I, Libório-Ramos S, Leifert L, Schönfelder B, Vlodavsky I, Cid-Arregui A. Dual T cell receptor/chimeric antigen receptor engineered NK-92 cells targeting the HPV16 E6 oncoprotein and the tumor-associated antigen L1CAM exhibit enhanced cytotoxicity and specificity against tumor cells. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29630. [PMID: 38659368 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) causes a large fraction of genital and oropharyngeal carcinomas. To maintain the transformed state, the tumor cells must continuously synthesize the E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins, which makes them tumor-specific antigens. Indeed, specific T cell responses against them have been well documented and CD8+ T cells engineered to express T cell receptors (TCRs) that recognize epitopes of E6 or E7 have been tested in clinical studies with promising results, yet with limited clinical success. Using CD8+ T cells from peripheral blood of healthy donors, we have identified two novel TCRs reactive to an unexplored E618-26 epitope. These TCRs showed limited standalone cytotoxicity against E618-26-HLA-A*02:01-presenting tumor cells. However, a single-signaling domain chimeric antigen receptor (ssdCAR) targeting L1CAM, a cell adhesion protein frequently overexpressed in HPV16-induced cancer, prompted a synergistic effect that significantly enhanced the cytotoxic capacity of NK-92/CD3/CD8 cells armored with both TCR and ssdCAR when both receptors simultaneously engaged their respective targets, as shown by live microscopy of 2-D and 3-D co-cultures. Thus, virus-specific TCRs from the CD8+ T cell repertoire of healthy donors can be combined with a suitable ssdCAR to enhance the cytotoxic capacity of the effector cells and, indirectly, their specificity.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/immunology
- Oncogene Proteins, Viral/genetics
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/immunology
- Receptors, Chimeric Antigen/genetics
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/immunology
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Human papillomavirus 16/immunology
- Human papillomavirus 16/genetics
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Cell Line, Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Isaac Quiros-Fernandez
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Research Center on Tropical Diseases (CIET)/Research Center on Surgery and Cancer (CICICA), Faculty of Microbiology, Universidad de Costa Rica, San Jose, Costa Rica
| | - Sofia Libório-Ramos
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lena Leifert
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bruno Schönfelder
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Israel Vlodavsky
- Technion Integrated Cancer Center (TICC), Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Angel Cid-Arregui
- Targeted Tumor Vaccines Group, Clinical Cooperation Unit Applied Tumor Immunity, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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5
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Lee M, Kwon S. Enhanced cytotoxic activity of natural killer cells from increased calcium influx induced by electrical stimulation. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302406. [PMID: 38635551 PMCID: PMC11025832 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in immunosurveillance independent of antigen presentation, which is regulated by signal balance via activating and inhibitory receptors. The anti-tumor activity of NK cells is largely dependent on signaling from target recognition to cytolytic degranulation; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear, and NK cell cytotoxicity is readily impaired by tumor cells. Understanding the activation mechanism is necessary to overcome the immune evasion mechanism, which remains an obstacle in immunotherapy. Because calcium ions are important activators of NK cells, we hypothesized that electrical stimulation could induce changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels, thereby improving the functional potential of NK cells. In this study, we designed an electrical stimulation system and observed a correlation between elevated Ca2+ flux induced by electrical stimulation and NK cell activation. Breast cancer MCF-7 cells co-cultured with electrically stimulated KHYG-1 cells showed a 1.27-fold (0.5 V/cm) and 1.55-fold (1.0 V/cm) higher cytotoxicity, respectively. Electrically stimulated KHYG-1 cells exhibited a minor increase in Ca2+ level (1.31-fold (0.5 V/cm) and 1.11-fold (1.0 V/cm) higher), which also led to increased gene expression of granzyme B (GZMB) by 1.36-fold (0.5 V/cm) and 1.58-fold (1.0 V/cm) by activating Ca2+-dependent nuclear factor of activated T cell 1 (NFAT1). In addition, chelating Ca2+ influx with 5 μM BAPTA-AM suppressed the gene expression of Ca2+ signaling and lytic granule (granzyme B) proteins by neutralizing the effects of electrical stimulation. This study suggests a promising immunotherapeutic approach without genetic modifications and elucidates the correlation between cytolytic effector function and intracellular Ca2+ levels in electrically stimulated NK cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minseon Lee
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Soonjo Kwon
- Department of Biological Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering, Inha University, Incheon, Korea
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Razmara AM, Farley LE, Harris RM, Judge SJ, Lammers M, Iranpur KR, Johnson EG, Dunai C, Murphy WJ, Brown CT, Rebhun RB, Kent MS, Canter RJ. Preclinical evaluation and first-in-dog clinical trials of PBMC-expanded natural killer cells for adoptive immunotherapy in dogs with cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2024; 12:e007963. [PMID: 38631708 PMCID: PMC11029326 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2023-007963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural killer (NK) cells are cytotoxic cells capable of recognizing heterogeneous cancer targets without prior sensitization, making them promising prospects for use in cellular immunotherapy. Companion dogs develop spontaneous cancers in the context of an intact immune system, representing a valid cancer immunotherapy model. Previously, CD5 depletion of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was used in dogs to isolate a CD5dim-expressing NK subset prior to co-culture with an irradiated feeder line, but this can limit the yield of the final NK product. This study aimed to assess NK activation, expansion, and preliminary clinical activity in first-in-dog clinical trials using a novel system with unmanipulated PBMCs to generate our NK cell product. METHODS Starting populations of CD5-depleted cells and PBMCs from healthy beagle donors were co-cultured for 14 days, phenotype, cytotoxicity, and cytokine secretion were measured, and samples were sequenced using the 3'-Tag-RNA-Seq protocol. Co-cultured human PBMCs and NK-isolated cells were also sequenced for comparative analysis. In addition, two first-in-dog clinical trials were performed in dogs with melanoma and osteosarcoma using autologous and allogeneic NK cells, respectively, to establish safety and proof-of-concept of this manufacturing approach. RESULTS Calculated cell counts, viability, killing, and cytokine secretion were equivalent or higher in expanded NK cells from canine PBMCs versus CD5-depleted cells, and immune phenotyping confirmed a CD3-NKp46+ product from PBMC-expanded cells at day 14. Transcriptomic analysis of expanded cell populations confirmed upregulation of NK activation genes and related pathways, and human NK cells using well-characterized NK markers closely mirrored canine gene expression patterns. Autologous and allogeneic PBMC-derived NK cells were successfully expanded for use in first-in-dog clinical trials, resulting in no serious adverse events and preliminary efficacy data. RNA sequencing of PBMCs from dogs receiving allogeneic NK transfer showed patient-unique gene signatures with NK gene expression trends in response to treatment. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the use of unmanipulated PBMCs appears safe and potentially effective for canine NK immunotherapy with equivalent to superior results to CD5 depletion in NK expansion, activation, and cytotoxicity. Our preclinical and clinical data support further evaluation of this technique as a novel platform for optimizing NK immunotherapy in dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aryana M Razmara
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Lauren E Farley
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Rayna M Harris
- Department Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Sean J Judge
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Marshall Lammers
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Khurshid R Iranpur
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - Eric G Johnson
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Cordelia Dunai
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - William J Murphy
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
| | - C Titus Brown
- Department Population Health and Reproduction, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert B Rebhun
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Michael S Kent
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, California, USA
| | - Robert J Canter
- Department of Surgery, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, California, USA
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Hay ZL, Kim DD, Cimons JM, Knapp JR, Kohler ME, Quansah M, Zúñiga TM, Camp FA, Fujita M, Wang XJ, O’Connor BP, Slansky JE. Granzyme F: Exhaustion Marker and Modulator of Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity. J Immunol 2024; 212:1381-1391. [PMID: 38416029 PMCID: PMC10984789 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Granzymes are a family of proteases used by CD8 T cells to mediate cytotoxicity and other less-defined activities. The substrate and mechanism of action of many granzymes are unknown, although they diverge among the family members. In this study, we show that mouse CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) express a unique array of granzymes relative to CD8 T cells outside the tumor microenvironment in multiple tumor models. Granzyme F was one of the most highly upregulated genes in TILs and was exclusively detected in PD1/TIM3 double-positive CD8 TILs. To determine the function of granzyme F and to improve the cytotoxic response to leukemia, we constructed chimeric Ag receptor T cells to overexpress a single granzyme, granzyme F or the better-characterized granzyme A or B. Using these doubly recombinant T cells, we demonstrated that granzyme F expression improved T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against target leukemia cells and induced a form of cell death other than chimeric Ag receptor T cells expressing only endogenous granzymes or exogenous granzyme A or B. However, increasing expression of granzyme F also had a detrimental impact on the viability of the host T cells, decreasing their persistence in circulation in vivo. These results suggest a unique role for granzyme F as a marker of terminally differentiated CD8 T cells with increased cytotoxicity, but also increased self-directed cytotoxicity, suggesting a potential mechanism for the end of the terminal exhaustion pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L.Z. Hay
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Dale D. Kim
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer M. Cimons
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jennifer R. Knapp
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - M. Eric Kohler
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children’s Hospital Colorado and Department of Pediatrics, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mary Quansah
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Tiffany M. Zúñiga
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Faye A. Camp
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Mayumi Fujita
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA and Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA, and since moved to Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California Davis, CA, USA
| | - Brian P. O’Connor
- Center for Genes, Environment and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, 80206, USA
| | - Jill E. Slansky
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Mensurado S, Condeço C, Sánchez-Martínez D, Shirley S, Coelho RML, Tirado N, Vinyoles M, Blanco-Domínguez R, Barros L, Galvão B, Custódio N, Gomes da Silva M, Menéndez P, Silva-Santos B. CD155/PVR determines acute myeloid leukemia targeting by Delta One T cells. Blood 2024; 143:1488-1495. [PMID: 38437507 PMCID: PMC11033583 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2023022992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML) remains a major therapeutic challenge. We have recently developed a Vδ1+ γδ T cell-based product for adoptive immunotherapy, named Delta One T (DOT) cells, and demonstrated their cytolytic capacity to eliminate AML cell lines and primary blasts in vitro and in vivo. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for the broad DOT-cell recognition of AML cells remain poorly understood. Here, we dissected the role of natural killer (NK) cell receptor ligands in AML cell recognition by DOT cells. Screening of multiple AML cell lines highlighted a strong upregulation of the DNAM-1 ligands, CD155/pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), CD112/nectin-2, as well as the NKp30 ligand, B7-H6, in contrast with NKG2D ligands. CRISPR-mediated ablation revealed key nonredundant and synergistic contributions of PVR and B7-H6 but not nectin-2 to DOT-cell targeting of AML cells. We further demonstrate that PVR and B7-H6 are critical for the formation of robust immunological synapses between AML and DOT cells. Importantly, PVR but not B7-H6 expression in primary AML samples predicted their elimination by DOT cells. These data provide new mechanistic insight into tumor targeting by DOT cells and suggest that assessing PVR expression levels may be highly relevant to DOT cell-based clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Mensurado
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carolina Condeço
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Diego Sánchez-Martínez
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
- Aragon Health Research Institute, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragon I+D Foundation, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Sara Shirley
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Rui M. L. Coelho
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Néstor Tirado
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
| | - Meritxell Vinyoles
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Blanco-Domínguez
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Leandro Barros
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Beatriz Galvão
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Noélia Custódio
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Pablo Menéndez
- Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute, Department of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Red Española de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RD21/0017/0029), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red-Oncología, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bruno Silva-Santos
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
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9
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Radunskaya A, Sack J. Kill rates by immune cells: Ratio-dependent, or mass action? J Theor Biol 2024; 582:111748. [PMID: 38336242 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2024.111748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 01/10/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
We describe a cell-based fixed-lattice model to simulate immune cell and tumor cell interaction involving MHC recognition, and FasL vs perforin lysis. We are motivated by open questions about the mechanisms behind observed kill rates of tumor cells by different types of effector cells. These mechanisms play a big role in the effectiveness of many cancer immunotherapies. The model is a stochastic cellular automaton on a hexagonal grid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joshua Sack
- California State University, Long Beach, United States of America.
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10
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He J, Niu J, Wang L, Zhang W, He X, Zhang X, Hu W, Tang Y, Yang H, Sun J, Cui W, Shi Q. An injectable hydrogel microsphere-integrated training court to inspire tumor-infiltrating T lymphocyte potential. Biomaterials 2024; 306:122475. [PMID: 38306733 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2024.122475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Although tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL-Ts) play a crucial role in solid tumor immunotherapy, their clinical application has been limited because of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we developed an injectable hydrogel microsphere-integrated training court (MS-ITC) to inspire the function of TIL-Ts and amplify TIL-Ts, through grafting with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and bovine serum albumin nanoparticles encapsulated with IL-7 and IL-15. MS-ITC provided the T-cell receptor and co-stimulatory signals required for TIL-Ts activation and IL-7/IL-15 signals for TIL-Ts expansion. Afterward, the MS-ITC was injected locally into the osteosarcoma tumor tissue in mice. MS-ITC suppressed the growth of primary osteosarcoma by more than 95 %, accompanied with primed and expanded TIL-Ts in the tumor tissues, compromising significantly increased CD8+ T and memory T cells, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor effect. Together, this work provides an injectable hydrogel microsphere-integrated training platform capable of inspiring TIL-Ts potential for a range of solid tumor immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiachen He
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China
| | - Junjie Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China
| | - Lin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China
| | - Xu He
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China
| | - Xiongjinfu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China
| | - Yunkai Tang
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China
| | - Huilin Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China
| | - Jie Sun
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China.
| | - Wenguo Cui
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Bone and Joint Diseases, Shanghai Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 197 Ruijin 2nd Road, Shanghai, 200025, PR China.
| | - Qin Shi
- Department of Orthopedics, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, 899 Pinghai Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215031, PR China.
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11
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Agioti S, Zaravinos A. Immune Cytolytic Activity and Strategies for Therapeutic Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3624. [PMID: 38612436 PMCID: PMC11011457 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral immune cytolytic activity (CYT), calculated as the geometric mean of granzyme-A (GZMA) and perforin-1 (PRF1) expression, has emerged as a critical factor in cancer immunotherapy, with significant implications for patient prognosis and treatment outcomes. Immune checkpoint pathways, the composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME), antigen presentation, and metabolic pathways regulate CYT. Here, we describe the various methods with which we can assess CYT. The detection and analysis of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) using flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry provide important information about immune cell populations within the TME. Gene expression profiling and spatial analysis techniques, such as multiplex immunofluorescence and imaging mass cytometry allow the study of CYT in the context of the TME. We discuss the significant clinical implications that CYT has, as its increased levels are associated with positive clinical outcomes and a favorable prognosis. Moreover, CYT can be used as a prognostic biomarker and aid in patient stratification. Altering CYT through the different methods targeting it, offers promising paths for improving treatment responses. Overall, understanding and modulating CYT is critical for improving cancer immunotherapy. Research into CYT and the factors that influence it has the potential to transform cancer treatment and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Agioti
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Cancer Genetics, Genomics and Systems Biology Laboratory, Basic and Translational Cancer Research Center (BTCRC), 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus;
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 1516 Nicosia, Cyprus
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12
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Szallasi Z, Prosz A, Sztupinszki Z, Moldvay J. Are tumor-associated carbohydrates the missing link between the gut microbiome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment in cancer? Oncoimmunology 2024; 13:2324493. [PMID: 38445083 PMCID: PMC10913702 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2024.2324493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy has dramatically improved survival in a significant subset of patients with several solid tumor types. Increasing the number of patients benefitting from this form of therapy is an important translational research goal. Correlations between the composition of the gut microbiome and response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy raised the possibility that direct modulation of the gut microbiome may significantly improve the clinical benefit of this treatment. Several lines of observations suggest that tumor-associated carbohydrates, including those recognized as blood group-related glycolipid antigens, such as the Forssman antigen, may be some of the key factors behind this clinical correlation. Such antigens are expressed in human cancer, humans often produce antibodies against those, and they can induce antibody directed cellular cytotoxicity. Importantly, these antibodies are often induced by antigens present in microbes of the gut. If identified, these antibodies could be boosted by appropriate vaccination techniques and thus enhance anti-tumor immunity with minimal side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoltan Szallasi
- Translational Cancer Genomics Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aurel Prosz
- Translational Cancer Genomics Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zsofia Sztupinszki
- Translational Cancer Genomics Group, Danish Cancer Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Computational Health Informatics Program, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judit Moldvay
- Department of Pulmonology, National Koranyi Institute of Pulmonology, Budapest, Hungary
- Department of Pulmonology, University of Szeged Albert Szent-Gyorgyi Medical School, Szeged, Hungary
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13
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Leijonhufvud C, Sanz-Ortega L, Schlums H, Gaballa A, Andersson A, Eriksson C, Segerberg F, Uhlin M, Bryceson YT, Carlsten M. KIR2DS1 and KIR2DL1-C245 Dominantly Repress NK Cell Degranulation Triggered by Monoclonal or Bispecific Antibodies, whereas Education by Uptuning Inhibitory Killer Ig-related Receptors Exerts No Advantage in Ab-dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity. J Immunol 2024; 212:868-880. [PMID: 38240527 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
NK cell responsiveness to target cells is tuned by interactions between inhibitory NK cell receptors and their cognate HLA class I ligands in a process termed "NK cell education." Previous studies addressing the role for NK cell education in Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) show ambiguous results and do not encompass full educational resolution. In this study, we systematically characterized human NK cell CD16-triggered degranulation toward defined human tumor cell lines in the presence of either the mAb rituximab or a recently developed CD34xCD16 bispecific killer engager. Despite positive correlation between killer Ig-related receptor (KIR)-mediated education and CD16 expression, NK cells educated by one or even two inhibitory KIRs did not perform better in terms of ADCC than uneducated NK cells in either missing-self or KIR-ligand matched settings at saturating Ab concentrations. Instead, NKG2A+ NK cells consistently showed more potent ADCC in the missing-self context despite lower levels of CD16 expression. KIR2DS1+ NK cells demonstrated dampened ADCC in both the missing-self and KIR-ligand matched settings, even in the presence of its ligand HLA C2. The lower response by KIR2DS1+ NK cells was also observed when stimulated with a bispecific killer engager. Surprisingly, repression of ADCC was also observed by NKG2A+ NK cells coexpressing the inhibitory KIR2DL1-C245 receptor that confers weak education. In conclusion, our study suggests that NK cell education by inhibitory KIRs does not augment ADCC per se, whereas expression of KIR2DS1 and KIR2DL1-C245 dominantly represses ADCC. These insights add to the fundamental understanding of NK cells and may have implications for their therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Leijonhufvud
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Laura Sanz-Ortega
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Heinrich Schlums
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ahmed Gaballa
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Agneta Andersson
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Caroline Eriksson
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Filip Segerberg
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Michael Uhlin
- Department of Clinical Science, Intervention and Technology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Yenan T Bryceson
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mattias Carlsten
- Department of Medicine, Huddinge, Center for Hematology and Regenerative Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
- Center for Cell Therapy and Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation, Karolinska Comprehensive Cancer Center, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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14
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Board NL, Yuan Z, Wu F, Moskovljevic M, Ravi M, Sengupta S, Mun SS, Simonetti FR, Lai J, Tebas P, Lynn K, Hoh R, Deeks SG, Siliciano JD, Montaner LJ, Siliciano RF. Bispecific antibodies promote natural killer cell-mediated elimination of HIV-1 reservoir cells. Nat Immunol 2024; 25:462-470. [PMID: 38278966 PMCID: PMC10907297 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
The persistence of CD4+ T cells carrying latent human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) proviruses is the main barrier to a cure. New therapeutics to enhance HIV-1-specific immune responses and clear infected cells will probably be necessary to achieve reduction of the latent reservoir. In the present study, we report two single-chain diabodies (scDbs) that target the HIV-1 envelope protein (Env) and the human type III Fcγ receptor (CD16). We show that the scDbs promoted robust and HIV-1-specific natural killer (NK) cell activation and NK cell-mediated lysis of infected cells. Cocultures of CD4+ T cells from people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy (ART) with autologous NK cells and the scDbs resulted in marked elimination of reservoir cells that was dependent on latency reversal. Treatment of human interleukin-15 transgenic NSG mice with one of the scDbs after ART initiation enhanced NK cell activity and reduced reservoir size. Thus, HIV-1-specific scDbs merit further evaluation as potential therapeutics for clearance of the latent reservoir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan L Board
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Zhe Yuan
- The Wistar Institute, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Fengting Wu
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Milica Moskovljevic
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Meghana Ravi
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Srona Sengupta
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sung Soo Mun
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Francesco R Simonetti
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jun Lai
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pablo Tebas
- Presbyterian Hospital-University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Lynn
- Presbyterian Hospital-University of Pennsylvania Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rebecca Hoh
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Steven G Deeks
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Janet D Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Robert F Siliciano
- Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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15
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Yandamuri SS, Filipek B, Lele N, Cohen I, Bennett JL, Nowak RJ, Sotirchos ES, Longbrake EE, Mace EM, O’Connor KC. A Noncanonical CD56dimCD16dim/- NK Cell Subset Indicative of Prior Cytotoxic Activity Is Elevated in Patients with Autoantibody-Mediated Neurologic Diseases. J Immunol 2024; 212:785-800. [PMID: 38251887 PMCID: PMC10932911 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Ab disease, and autoimmune myasthenia gravis (MG) are autoantibody-mediated neurologic conditions where autoantibodies can induce Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC), a NK cell-mediated effector function. However, whether ADCC is a pathogenic mechanism in patients with these conditions has not been confirmed. We sought to characterize circulatory NK cells using functional assays, phenotyping, and transcriptomics to elucidate their role in pathology. NK cells from NMOSD patients and MG patients with elevated disease burden exhibited reduced ADCC and CD56dimCD16hi NK cells, along with an elevated frequency of CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells. We determined that ADCC induces a similar phenotypic shift in vitro. Bulk RNA sequencing distinguished the CD56dimCD16dim/- population from the canonical CD56dimCD16hi cytotoxic and CD56hiCD16- immunomodulatory subsets, as well as CD56hiCD16+ NK cells. Multiparameter immunophenotyping of NK cell markers, functional proteins, and receptors similarly showed that the CD56dimCD16dim/- subset exhibits a unique profile while still maintaining expression of characteristic NK markers CD56, CD94, and NKp44. Notably, expression of perforin and granzyme is reduced in comparison with CD56dimCD16hi NK cells. Moreover, they exhibit elevated trogocytosis capability, HLA-DR expression, and many chemokine receptors, including CCR7. In contrast with NMOSD and MG, myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein Ab disease NK cells did not exhibit functional, phenotypic, or transcriptomic perturbations. In summary, CD56dimCD16dim/- NK cells are a distinct peripheral blood immune cell population in humans elevated upon prior cytotoxic activity by the CD56dimCD16hi NK cell subset. The elevation of this subset in NMOSD and MG patients suggests prior ADCC activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya S. Yandamuri
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Beata Filipek
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz; Lodz, Poland
| | - Nikhil Lele
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Inessa Cohen
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Jeffrey L. Bennett
- Departments of Neurology and Ophthalmology, Programs in Neuroscience and Immunology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus; Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Richard J. Nowak
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Elias S. Sotirchos
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erin E. Longbrake
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Emily M. Mace
- Department of Pediatrics, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center; New York, NY, United States
| | - Kevin C. O’Connor
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine; New Haven, CT, United States
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16
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Luah YH, Wu T, Cheow LF. Identification, sorting and profiling of functional killer cells via the capture of fluorescent target-cell lysate. Nat Biomed Eng 2024; 8:248-262. [PMID: 37652987 DOI: 10.1038/s41551-023-01089-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Assays for assessing cell-mediated cytotoxicity are largely target-cell-centric and cannot identify and isolate subpopulations of cytotoxic effector cells. Here we describe an assay compatible with flow cytometry for the accurate identification and sorting of functional killer-cell subpopulations in co-cultures. The assay, which we named PAINTKiller (for 'proximity affinity intracellular transfer identification of killer cells'), relies on the detection of an intracellular fluorescent protein 'painted' by a lysed cell on the surface of the lysing cytotoxic cell (specifically, on cell lysis the intracellular fluorescein derivative carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester is captured on the surface of the natural killer cell by an antibody for anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate linked to an antibody for the pan-leucocyte surface receptor CD45). The assay can be integrated with single-cell RNA sequencing for the analysis of molecular pathways associated with cell cytotoxicity and may be used to uncover correlates of functional immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Hoon Luah
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tongjin Wu
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lih Feng Cheow
- Institute for Health Innovation and Technology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
- Critical Analytics for Manufacturing of Personalized-Medicine Interdisciplinary Research Group, Singapore-MIT Alliance in Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Design and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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17
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Choi SH, Cho HB, Choi JH, Kim HJ, Jang HJ, Cho S, Maeng E, Park H, Ryu KS, Park KH, Park KS. Nano-chemical priming strategy to enhance TGF-β resistance and anti-tumor activity of natural killer cells. J Control Release 2024; 367:768-778. [PMID: 38341178 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Immunotherapy based on adoptive transfer of natural killer (NK) cells is a promising strategy for circumventing the limitations of cancer treatments. However, components of the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), compromise the therapeutic efficacy of NK cells significantly. To address these limitations, we developed a novel method of engineering NK cells for adaptive transfer. The method is based on nanogels that serve two functions: (1) they overcome the TGF-β-mediated stress environment of the TME, and (2) they enhance the direct anti-tumor activity of NK cells. Previously, we demonstrated that cationic compounds such as 25 K branched polyethylenimine (25 K bPEI) prime NK cells, putting them in a 'ready-to-fight' state. Based on these findings, we designed nanogels that have two primary characteristics: (1) they encapsulate galunisertib (Gal), which is used clinically to inhibit TGF-β receptor activity, thereby blocking TGF-β signaling; and (2) they provide cells with a surface coating of 25 K bPEI. When grown in culture medium containing TGF-β, nanogel-treated NK cells demonstrated greater migration ability, degranulation activity, and cytotoxicity towards cancer cells than untreated NK cells. Additionally, the in vivo efficacy of nanogel-treated NK cells against PC-3 xenografts was significantly greater than that of Chem_NK cells primed by 25 K bPEI alone. These findings suggest that Gal-loaded 25 K bPEI-coated nanogels exert anti-tumor effects via chemical priming, as well suppressing the effects of TGF-β on NK cells. We also expect 25 K bPEI-based nanogels to have great potential to overcome the suppressive effects of the TME through their NK cell-priming activity and delivery of the desired chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hee Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Bang Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jung Jang
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Seohyun Cho
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Eunchong Maeng
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hail Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Seo Ryu
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Keun-Hong Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyung-Soon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, CHA University, Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Li S, Wang T, Xiao X, Zheng X, Sun H, Sun R, Ma H, Tian Z, Zheng X. Blockade of CD300A enhances the ability of human NK cells to lyse hematologic malignancies. Cancer Biol Med 2024; 21:j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0341. [PMID: 38425216 PMCID: PMC11033714 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2023.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The human cluster of differentiation (CD)300A, a type-I transmembrane protein with immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motifs, was investigated as a potential immune checkpoint for human natural killer (NK) cells targeting hematologic malignancies (HMs). METHODS We implemented a stimulation system involving the CD300A ligand, phosphatidylserine (PS), exposed to the outer surface of malignant cells. Additionally, we utilized CD300A overexpression, a CD300A blocking system, and a xenotransplantation model to evaluate the impact of CD300A on NK cell efficacy against HMs in in vitro and in vivo settings. Furthermore, we explored the association between CD300A and HM progression in patients. RESULTS Our findings indicated that PS hampers the function of NK cells. Increased CD300A expression inhibited HM lysis by NK cells. CD300A overexpression shortened the survival of HM-xenografted mice by impairing transplanted NK cells. Blocking PS-CD300A signals with antibodies significantly amplified the expression of lysis function-related proteins and effector cytokines in NK cells, thereby augmenting the ability to lyse HMs. Clinically, heightened CD300A expression correlated with shorter survival and an "exhausted" phenotype of intratumoral NK cells in patients with HMs or solid tumors. CONCLUSIONS These results propose CD300A as a potential target for invigorating NK cell-based treatments against HMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuangcheng Li
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Tianci Wang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xinghui Xiao
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Haoyu Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Hongdi Ma
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
| | - Zhigang Tian
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Hefei TG ImmunoPharma Corporation Limited, Hefei 230601, China
- Research Unit of NK Cell Study, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100864, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xiaohu Zheng
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale, The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Center for Advanced Interdisciplinary Science and Biomedicine of IHM, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Institute of Immunology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230027, China
- Key Laboratory of Quantitative Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
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Zhou Y, Wang D, Zhou L, Zhou N, Wang Z, Chen J, Pang R, Fu H, Huang Q, Dong F, Cheng H, Zhang H, Tang K, Ma J, Lv J, Cheng T, Fiskesund R, Zhang X, Huang B. Cell softness renders cytotoxic T lymphocytes and T leukemic cells resistant to perforin-mediated killing. Nat Commun 2024; 15:1405. [PMID: 38360940 PMCID: PMC10869718 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-45750-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Mechanical force contributes to perforin pore formation at immune synapses, thus facilitating the cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL)-mediated killing of tumor cells in a unidirectional fashion. How such mechanical cues affect CTL evasion of perforin-mediated autolysis remains unclear. Here we show that activated CTLs use their softness to evade perforin-mediated autolysis, which, however, is shared by T leukemic cells to evade CTL killing. Downregulation of filamin A is identified to induce softness via ZAP70-mediated YAP Y357 phosphorylation and activation. Despite the requirements of YAP in both cell types for softness induction, CTLs are more resistant to YAP inhibitors than malignant T cells, potentially due to the higher expression of the drug-resistant transporter, MDR1, in CTLs. As a result, moderate inhibition of YAP stiffens malignant T cells but spares CTLs, thus allowing CTLs to cytolyze malignant cells without autolysis. Our findings thus hint a mechanical force-based immunotherapeutic strategy against T cell leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yabo Zhou
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Dianheng Wang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Nannan Zhou
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenfeng Wang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyang Pang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Haixia Fu
- Peking University People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Qiusha Huang
- Peking University People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiadi Lv
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Roland Fiskesund
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- Peking University People's Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Disease; Beijing Key Laboratory of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Peking University Institute of Hematology, Beijing, China.
| | - Bo Huang
- Department of Immunology & National Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS) & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China.
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
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20
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Li Z, Zhang J, You S, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Akram Z, Sun S. Pterostilbene upregulates MICA/B via the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway to enhance the capability of natural killer cells to kill cervical cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2024; 435:113933. [PMID: 38296018 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2024.113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are triggered by the innate immune response in the tumor microenvironment. The extensive set of stimulating and inhibiting receptors mediates the target recognition of NK cells, and controls the strength of the effector reaction countering specific targeted cells. Yet, lacking major MHC (histocompatibility complex) MICA/B class I chain-related proteins on the membrane of tumor cells results in the failure of NK cell recognition and ability to resist NK cell destruction. Searching databases and molecular docking suggested that in cervical cancer, pterostilbene (3,5-dimethoxy-40-hydroxystilbene; PTS) in Vaccinium corymbosum extract could constrain PI3K/AKT signaling and improving the MICA/B expression. In flow cytometry, MTT assay, viability/cytotoxicity assay, and colony development assays, PTS reduced the development of cervical cancer cells and increased apoptosis. The quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and a Western blot indicate that PTS controlled the cytolytic action of NK cells in tumor cells via increasing the MICA/B expression, thus modifying the anti-tumor immune response in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuoping Li
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Pharmacy, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China; Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jiaru Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Pharmacy, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shiwan You
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Pharmacy, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Yuling Zhang
- Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Zubair Akram
- Shihezi University College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shihezi, 832002, Xinjiang, China.
| | - Shiguo Sun
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Endemic Phytomedicine Resources Ministry of Education, Shihezi University College of Pharmacy, Shihezi, 832003, Xinjiang, China; Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Natural Products & Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry & Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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21
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Fernández-Soto D, García-Jiménez ÁF, Casasnovas JM, Valés-Gómez M, Reyburn HT. Elevated levels of cell-free NKG2D-ligands modulate NKG2D surface expression and compromise NK cell function in severe COVID-19 disease. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1273942. [PMID: 38410511 PMCID: PMC10895954 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1273942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction It is now clear that coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) severity is associated with a dysregulated immune response, but the relative contributions of different immune cells is still not fully understood. SARS CoV-2 infection triggers marked changes in NK cell populations, but there are contradictory reports as to whether these effector lymphocytes play a protective or pathogenic role in immunity to SARS-CoV-2. Methods To address this question we have analysed differences in the phenotype and function of NK cells in SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals who developed either very mild, or life-threatening COVID-19 disease. Results Although NK cells from patients with severe disease appeared more activated and the frequency of adaptive NK cells was increased, they were less potent mediators of ADCC than NK cells from patients with mild disease. Further analysis of peripheral blood NK cells in these patients revealed that a population of NK cells that had lost expression of the activating receptor NKG2D were a feature of patients with severe disease and this correlated with elevated levels of cell free NKG2D ligands, especially ULBP2 and ULBP3 in the plasma of critically ill patients. In vitro, culture in NKG2DL containing patient sera reduced the ADCC function of healthy donor NK cells and this could be blocked by NKG2DL-specific antibodies. Discussion These observations of reduced NK function in severe disease are consistent with the hypothesis that defects in immune surveillance by NK cells permit higher levels of viral replication, rather than that aberrant NK cell function contributes to immune system dysregulation and immunopathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fernández-Soto
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Álvaro F. García-Jiménez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Casasnovas
- Department of Macromolecular Structures, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mar Valés-Gómez
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Hugh T. Reyburn
- Department of Immunology and Oncology, National Centre for Biotechnology (CNB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Madrid, Spain
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22
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Van den Eynde A, Gehrcken L, Verhezen T, Lau HW, Hermans C, Lambrechts H, Flieswasser T, Quatannens D, Roex G, Zwaenepoel K, Marcq E, Joye P, Cardenas De La Hoz E, Deben C, Gasparini A, Montay-Gruel P, Le Compte M, Lion E, Lardon F, Van Laere S, Siozopoulou V, Campillo-Davo D, De Waele J, Pauwels P, Jacobs J, Smits E, Van Audenaerde JRM. IL-15-secreting CAR natural killer cells directed toward the pan-cancer target CD70 eliminate both cancer cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts. J Hematol Oncol 2024; 17:8. [PMID: 38331849 PMCID: PMC10854128 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-024-01525-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It remains challenging to obtain positive outcomes with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-engineered cell therapies in solid malignancies, like colorectal cancer (CRC) and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). A major obstacle is the lack of targetable surface antigens that are not shared by healthy tissues. CD70 emerges as interesting target, due to its stringent expression pattern in healthy tissue and its apparent role in tumor progression in a considerable amount of malignancies. Moreover, CD70 is also expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), another roadblock for treatment efficacy in CRC and PDAC. We explored the therapeutic potential of CD70 as target for CAR natural killer (NK) cell therapy in CRC, PDAC, focusing on tumor cells and CAFs, and lymphoma. METHODS RNA-seq data and immunohistochemical analysis of patient samples were used to explore CD70 expression in CRC and PDAC patients. In addition, CD70-targeting CAR NK cells were developed to assess cytotoxic activity against CD70+ tumor cells and CAFs, and the effect of cytokine stimulation on their efficacy was evaluated. The in vitro functionality of CD70-CAR NK cells was investigated against a panel of tumor and CAF cell lines with varying CD70 expression. Lymphoma-bearing mice were used to validate in vivo potency of CD70-CAR NK cells. Lastly, to consider patient variability, CD70-CAR NK cells were tested on patient-derived organoids containing CAFs. RESULTS In this study, we identified CD70 as a target for tumor cells and CAFs in CRC and PDAC patients. Functional evaluation of CD70-directed CAR NK cells indicated that IL-15 stimulation is essential to obtain effective elimination of CD70+ tumor cells and CAFs, and to improve tumor burden and survival of mice bearing CD70+ tumors. Mechanistically, IL-15 stimulation resulted in improved potency of CD70-CAR NK cells by upregulating CAR expression and increasing secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines, in a mainly autocrine or intracellular manner. CONCLUSIONS We disclose CD70 as an attractive target both in hematological and solid tumors. IL-15 armored CAR NK cells act as potent effectors to eliminate these CD70+ cells. They can target both tumor cells and CAFs in patients with CRC and PDAC, and potentially other desmoplastic solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Van den Eynde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium.
| | - Laura Gehrcken
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tias Verhezen
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Ho Wa Lau
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Christophe Hermans
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Hilde Lambrechts
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Tal Flieswasser
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Delphine Quatannens
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Gils Roex
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Karen Zwaenepoel
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Elly Marcq
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Lab of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, Belgium
- Brussels Center for Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Joye
- Molecular Imaging Center Antwerp (MICA), University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | | | - Christophe Deben
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Alessia Gasparini
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Iridium Netwerk, Radiation Oncology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Montay-Gruel
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Iridium Netwerk, Radiation Oncology, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Maxim Le Compte
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Eva Lion
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
- Center for Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine (CCRG), Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Filip Lardon
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Steven Van Laere
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Vasiliki Siozopoulou
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- University Hospital Saint-Luc, University of Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Diana Campillo-Davo
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology (LEH), Vaccine and Infectious Disease Institute (VAXINFECTIO), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Jorrit De Waele
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Patrick Pauwels
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Julie Jacobs
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Evelien Smits
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Jonas R M Van Audenaerde
- Center for Oncological Research (CORE), Integrated Personalized and Precision Oncology Network (IPPON), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Dodd H, Guerra N, Dunlop IE. The Power of Three: Nanomaterials for Natural Killer (NK) Cell Immunoengineering Maximize Their Potency if They Exploit Multireceptor Stimulation. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2302297. [PMID: 38029341 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202302297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Many emerging cancer treatments are immunotherapies that modulate Natural Killer- (NK) or T cell activation, posing a challenge to develop immunoengineering nanomaterials that improve on the performance of molecular reagents. In physiological activation, multiple immunoreceptors signal in consort; however, current biomaterials do not replicate this. Here, NK cells are created for the first time, activating bionanomaterials that stimulate >2 immunoreceptors. Nanoclusters of monoclonal antibodies (mAb), templated by nanoscale graphene oxide sheets (NGO) (≈75 nm size), are exploited. To inform nanoreagent design, a model system of planar substrates with anchored mAb is first investigated. Combining mAb that stimulates three NK cell activating receptors (αNKP46 + αNKG2D + αDNAM-1), activated NK cells act more potently than any single receptor or pair. Applying this insight, an NGO-mAb nanocluster combining three distinct mAb: NGO-mAb(αNKP46 + αNKG2D + αDNAM-1) is created. This construct is potent and outperforms single-receptor-simulating nanoclusters, activating nearly twice as many NK cells as NGO-mAb(αNKP46) at a similar mAb dose or delivering similar activation at 10× lower dosage. Further, NGO-mAb are more potent than planar substrates for both single- and triple-mAb stimulation. These results imply a new concept for immunoengineering biomaterials: both nanoclustering and multi-receptor stimulation should be incorporated for maximum effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Dodd
- Dept. Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Dept. Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
- Dept. Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, London, W12 0BZ, UK
| | - Nadia Guerra
- Dept. Life Sciences, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Iain E Dunlop
- Dept. Materials, Imperial College London, Exhibition Road, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
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Guo L, Wu D, Shen J, Gao Y. ERG mediates the inhibition of NK cell cytotoxicity through the HLX/STAT4/Perforin signaling pathway, thereby promoting the progression of myocardial infarction. J Physiol Biochem 2024; 80:219-233. [PMID: 38091230 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-023-00999-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of ERG in the HLX/STAT4/Perforin signaling axis, impacting natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity and myocardial infarction (MI) progression. NK cell cytotoxicity was assessed via co-culture and 51Cr release assays. Datasets GSE34198 and GSE97320 identified common differentially expressed genes in MI. NK cell gene expression was analyzed in MI patients and healthy individuals using qRT-PCR and Western blotting. ERG's regulation of HLX and STAT4's regulation of perforin were studied through computational tools (MEM) and ChIP experiments. HLX's influence on STAT4 was explored with the MG132 proteasome inhibitor. Findings were validated in a mouse MI model.ERG, a commonly upregulated gene, was identified in NK cells from MI patients and mice. ERG upregulated HLX, leading to STAT4 proteasomal degradation and reduced Perforin expression. Consequently, NK cell cytotoxicity decreased, promoting MI progression. ERG mediates the HLX/STAT4/Perforin axis to inhibit NK cell cytotoxicity, fostering MI progression. These results provide vital insights into MI's molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianfen Shen
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Hospital of China Medical University, 155 Nanjing Street, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110001, People's Republic of China.
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Wang F, Zhang G, Xu T, Ma J, Wang J, Liu S, Tang Y, Jin S, Li J, Xing N. High and selective cytotoxicity of ex vivo expanded allogeneic human natural killer cells from peripheral blood against bladder cancer: implications for natural killer cell instillation after transurethral resection of bladder tumor. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2024; 43:24. [PMID: 38245792 PMCID: PMC10799482 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-024-02955-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) is treated with transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) followed by intravesical instillation of chemotherapy or Bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy. However, these treatments have a high recurrence rate and side effects, emphasizing the need for alternative instillations. Previously, we revealed that expanded allogeneic human natural killer (NK) cells from peripheral blood are a promising cellular therapy for prostate cancer. However, whether NK cells exhibit a similar killing effect in bladder cancer (BCa) remains unknown. METHODS Expansion, activation, and cryopreservation of allogeneic human NK cells obtained from peripheral blood were performed as we previously described. In vitro cytotoxicity was evaluated using the cell counting kit-8. The levels of perforin, granzyme B, interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, and chemokines (C-C-motif ligand [CCL]1, CCL2, CCL20, CCL3L1, and CCL4; C-X-C-motif ligand [CXCL]1, CXCL16, CXCL2, CXCL3, and CXCL8; and X-motif ligand 1 and 2) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of CD107a, major histocompatibility complex class I (MHC-I), MHC-I polypeptide-related sequences A and B (MICA/B), cytomegalovirus UL16-binding protein-2/5/6 (ULBP-2/5/6), B7-H6, CD56, CD69, CD25, killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIR)2DL1, KIRD3DL1, NKG2D, NKp30, NKp46, and CD16 of NK cells or BCa and normal urothelial cells were detected using flow cytometry. Cytotoxicity was evaluated using lactate dehydrogenase assay in patient-derived organoid models. BCa growth was monitored in vivo using calipers in male NOD-scid IL2rg-/- mice subcutaneously injected with 5637 and NK cells. Differential gene expressions were investigated using RNA sequence analysis. The chemotaxis of T cells was evaluated using transwell migration assays. RESULTS We revealed that the NK cells possess higher cytotoxicity against BCa lines with more production of cytokines than normal urothelial cells counterparts in vitro, demonstrated by upregulation of degranulation marker CD107a and increased interferon-γ secretion, by MICA/B/NKG2D and B7H6/NKp30-mediated activation. Furthermore, NK cells demonstrated antitumor effects against BCa in patient-derived organoids and BCa xenograft mouse models. NK cells secreted chemokines, including CCL1/2/20, to induce T-cell chemotaxis when encountering BCa cells. CONCLUSIONS The expanded NK cells exhibit potent cytotoxicity against BCa cells, with few toxic side effects on normal urothelial cells. In addition, NK cells recruit T cells by secreting a panel of chemokines, which supports the translational application of NK cell intravesical instillation after TURBT from bench to bedside for NMIBC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangming Wang
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Gang Zhang
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Tianli Xu
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jianlin Ma
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Jing Wang
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Shuai Liu
- BOE Regenerative Medicine Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 100015, China
| | - Yuzhe Tang
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Song Jin
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China
| | - Jianxing Li
- Department of Urology, Tsinghua University Affiliated Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Tsinghua University Clinical Institute, Beijing, 102218, China.
| | - Nianzeng Xing
- Department of Urology, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, National Cancer Center, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, National Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100021, China.
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26
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Landoni E, Woodcock MG, Barragan G, Casirati G, Cinella V, Stucchi S, Flick LM, Withers TA, Hudson H, Casorati G, Dellabona P, Genovese P, Savoldo B, Metelitsa LS, Dotti G. IL-12 reprograms CAR-expressing natural killer T cells to long-lived Th1-polarized cells with potent antitumor activity. Nat Commun 2024; 15:89. [PMID: 38167707 PMCID: PMC10762263 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44310-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Human natural killer T cells (NKTs) are innate-like T lymphocytes increasingly used for cancer immunotherapy. Here we show that human NKTs expressing the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-12 (IL-12) undergo extensive and sustained molecular and functional reprogramming. Specifically, IL-12 instructs and maintains a Th1-polarization program in NKTs in vivo without causing their functional exhaustion. Furthermore, using CD62L as a marker of memory cells in human NKTs, we observe that IL-12 maintains long-term CD62L-expressing memory NKTs in vivo. Notably, IL-12 initiates a de novo programming of memory NKTs in CD62L-negative NKTs indicating that human NKTs circulating in the peripheral blood possess an intrinsic differentiation hierarchy, and that IL-12 plays a role in promoting their differentiation to long-lived Th1-polarized memory cells. Human NKTs engineered to co-express a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) coupled with the expression of IL-12 show enhanced antitumor activity in leukemia and neuroblastoma tumor models, persist long-term in vivo and conserve the molecular signature driven by the IL-12 expression. Thus IL-12 reveals an intrinsic plasticity of peripheral human NKTs that may play a crucial role in the development of cell therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Landoni
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mark G Woodcock
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Gabriel Barragan
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriele Casirati
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Vincenzo Cinella
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Simone Stucchi
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leah M Flick
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Tracy A Withers
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Hanna Hudson
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Giulia Casorati
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Dellabona
- Experimental Immunology Unit, Division of Immunology, Transplantation and Infectious Diseases, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Pietro Genovese
- Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorder Center, Boston, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Barbara Savoldo
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Texas Children's Cancer Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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27
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Hsu H, Zanettini C, Coker M, Boudova S, Rach D, Mvula G, Divala TH, Mungwira RG, Boldrin F, Degiacomi G, Mazzabò LC, Manganelli R, Laufer MK, Zhang Y, Marchionni L, Cairo C. Concomitant assessment of PD-1 and CD56 expression identifies subsets of resting cord blood Vδ2 T cells with disparate cytotoxic potential. Cell Immunol 2024; 395-396:104797. [PMID: 38157646 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2023.104797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Vγ9Vδ2 T lymphocytes are programmed for broad antimicrobial responses with rapid production of Th1 cytokines even before birth, and thus thought to play key roles against pathogens in infants. The process regulating Vδ2 cell acquisition of cytotoxic potential shortly after birth remains understudied. We observed that perforin production in cord blood Vδ2 cells correlates with phenotypes defined by the concomitant assessment of PD-1 and CD56. Bulk RNA sequencing of sorted Vδ2 cell fractions indicated that transcripts related to cytotoxic activity and NK function are enriched in the subset with the highest proportion of perforin+ cells. Among differentially expressed transcripts, IRF8, previously linked to CD8 T cell effector differentiation and NK maturation, has the potential to mediate Vδ2 cell differentiation towards cytotoxic effectors. Our current and past results support the hypothesis that distinct mechanisms regulate Vδ2 cell cytotoxic function before and after birth, possibly linked to different levels of microbial exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoting Hsu
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Claudio Zanettini
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Modupe Coker
- Department of Oral Biology, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Rutgers State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Sarah Boudova
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David Rach
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology Graduate Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Godfrey Mvula
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Titus H Divala
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Randy G Mungwira
- Blantyre Malaria Project, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - Francesca Boldrin
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Degiacomi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | | | - Miriam K Laufer
- Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yuji Zhang
- Division of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenbaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Luigi Marchionni
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Cristiana Cairo
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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28
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Greenlee JD, Zhang Z, Subramanian T, Liu K, King MR. TRAIL-conjugated liposomes that bind natural killer cells to induce colorectal cancer cell apoptosis. J Biomed Mater Res A 2024; 112:110-120. [PMID: 37772330 PMCID: PMC10794038 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cell functionality is a strong indicator of favorable prognosis in cancer patients, making NK cells an appealing therapeutic target to prevent lymph node dissemination. We engineered liposomes that are conjugated with anti-CD335 antibodies for NK cell targeting, and the apoptotic ligand TRAIL to kill cancer cells. Liposomes were made using a thin film hydration method followed by extrusion to approximately 100 nm in diameter and conjugation of proteins via thiol-maleimide click chemistry. TRAIL/anti-CD335 liposomes successfully bound to isolated NK cells. Once piggybacked to the surface of NK cells, these "Super Natural Killer Cells" were able to more effectively kill oxaliplatin-resistant SW620 cells and metastatic COLO205 colorectal cancer cells via TRAIL-mediated apoptosis compared to NK cells alone. Importantly, Super NK cells were more effective under physiological levels of fluid shear stress found in the lymphatics. Liposome biodistribution after intravenous administration confirmed the sustained presence of liposomes within the spleen and tumor draining mesenteric lymph nodes for at least 4 days. These results demonstrate the enhanced apoptotic effects of NK cells armored with liposomal TRAIL against clinically relevant colorectal cancer cells, providing the groundwork for in vivo treatment studies in mouse models of colorectal cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kevin Liu
- Vanderbilt University Department of Biomedical Engineering
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29
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Asadi M, Kiani R, Razban V, Faraji SN, Ahmadi A, Fallahi J, Ramezani A, Erfani N. Harnessing the Power of CAR-NK Cells: A Promising Off-the-Shelf Therapeutic Strategy for CD38-Positive Malignancies. Iran J Immunol 2023; 20:410-426. [PMID: 38102941 DOI: 10.22034/iji.2023.100424.2691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Background CD38 is highly expressed on multiple myeloma (MM) cells and has been successfully targeted by different target therapy methods. This molecule is a critical prognostic marker in both diffuse large B-cell lymphoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Objective We have designed and generated an anti-CD38 CAR-NK cell applying NK 92 cell line. The approach has potential application as an off-the-shelf strategy for treatment of CD38 positive malignancies. Methods A second generation of anti-CD38 CAR-NK cell was designed and generated, and their efficacy against CD38-positive cell lines was assessed in vitro. The PE-Annexin V and 7-AAD methods were used to determine the percentage of apoptotic target cells. Flow cytometry was used to measure IFN-γ, Perforin, and Granzyme-B production following intracellular staining. Using in silico analyses, the binding capacity and interaction interface were evaluated. Results Using Lentivirus, cells were transduced with anti-CD38 construct and were expanded. The expression of anti-CD38 CAR on the surface of NK 92 cells was approximately 25%. As we expected from in silico analysis, our designed CD38-chimeric antigen receptor was bound appropriately to the CD38 protein. NK 92 cells that transduced with the CD38 chimeric antigen receptor, generated significantly more IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme than Mock cells, and successfully lysed Daudi and Jurkat malignant cells in a CD38-dependent manner. Conclusion The in vitro findings indicated that the anti-CD38 CAR-NK cells have the potential to be used as an off-the-shelf therapeutic strategy against CD38-positive malignancies. It is recommended that the present engineered NK cells undergo additional preclinical investigations before they can be considered for subsequent clinical trial studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Asadi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Razie Kiani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Razban
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Seyed Nooreddin Faraji
- School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Ahmadi
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Faculty of Nano and Bio Science and Technology, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Jafar Fallahi
- Department of Molecular Medicine, School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Amin Ramezani
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Nasrollah Erfani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Shiraz Institute for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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30
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Migueles SA, Nettere DM, Gavil NV, Wang LT, Toulmin SA, Kelly EP, Ward AJ, Lin S, Thompson SA, Peterson BA, Abdeen CS, Sclafani CR, Pryal PF, Leach BG, Ludwig AK, Rogan DC, Przygonska PA, Cattani A, Imamichi H, Sachs A, Cafri G, Huang NN, Patamawenu A, Liang CJ, Hallahan CW, Kambach DM, Han EX, Coupet T, Chen J, Moir SL, Chun TW, Coates EE, Ledgerwood J, Schmidt J, Taillandier-Coindard M, Michaux J, Pak H, Bassani-Sternberg M, Frahm N, McElrath MJ, Connors M. HIV vaccines induce CD8 + T cells with low antigen receptor sensitivity. Science 2023; 382:1270-1276. [PMID: 38096385 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg0514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Current HIV vaccines designed to stimulate CD8+ T cells have failed to induce immunologic control upon infection. The functions of vaccine-induced HIV-specific CD8+ T cells were investigated here in detail. Cytotoxic capacity was significantly lower than in HIV controllers and was not a consequence of low frequency or unaccumulated functional cytotoxic proteins. Low cytotoxic capacity was attributable to impaired degranulation in response to the low antigen levels present on HIV-infected targets. The vaccine-induced T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire was polyclonal and transduction of these TCRs conferred the same reduced functions. These results define a mechanism accounting for poor antiviral activity induced by these vaccines and suggest that an effective CD8+ T cell response may require a vaccination strategy that drives further TCR clonal selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen A Migueles
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Danielle M Nettere
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Noah V Gavil
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Lawrence T Wang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sushila A Toulmin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Kelly
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Addison J Ward
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Siying Lin
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sarah A Thompson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bennett A Peterson
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Cassidy S Abdeen
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carina R Sclafani
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Patrick F Pryal
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Benjamin G Leach
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amanda K Ludwig
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel C Rogan
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Paulina A Przygonska
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Angela Cattani
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hiromi Imamichi
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Abraham Sachs
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Gal Cafri
- Surgery Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ning-Na Huang
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Andy Patamawenu
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C Jason Liang
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Claire W Hallahan
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Susan L Moir
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tae-Wook Chun
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Emily E Coates
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julie Ledgerwood
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Julien Schmidt
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Marie Taillandier-Coindard
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Justine Michaux
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - HuiSong Pak
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Michal Bassani-Sternberg
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- Department of Oncology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicole Frahm
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division and the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Juliana McElrath
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division and the HIV Vaccine Trials Network, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Mark Connors
- Laboratory of Immunoregulation, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
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31
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Ma X, Jiang J, An X, Zu W, Ma C, Zhang Z, Lu Y, Zhao L, Wang L. Advances in research based on antibody-cell conjugation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1310130. [PMID: 38162639 PMCID: PMC10755917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1310130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Antibody-cell conjugation (ACC) technology is a new research direction in medicine and biotechnology in recent years. The concept of ACC was proposed by Hsiao et al. and developed into a viable cell therapy technology, which refers to the cells with specific functions. Such as natural killer cells (NK cells), cytokine induced killer cells (CIK) and other immune cells and monoclonal antibodies through the linker together formed conjugate. ACC directly modifies specific antibodies on the cell surface through a simple and effective chemical coupling method to enable cells to have new functions. ACC has been developed for the treatment of various diseases, including cancers of the blood system and solid tumors. This paper reviews the current ACC construction methods, challenges and future development directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxuan Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoye An
- Department of Pharmacy, Tacheng People's Hospital, Tacheng City, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China
| | - Wanting Zu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Chi Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yaci Lu
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lijing Zhao
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Department of Rehabilitation, School of Nursing, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Hsieh MJ, Lin JT, Chuang YC, Lin CC, Lo YS, Ho HY, Chen MK. Limocitrin increases cytotoxicity of KHYG-1 cells against K562 cells by modulating MAPK pathway. Environ Toxicol 2023; 38:2939-2951. [PMID: 37584500 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are gaining popularity in the field of cancer immunotherapy. The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a natural flavonol compound limocitrin in increasing cytotoxicity of a permanent NK leukemia cell line KHYG-1 against an aggressive leukemia cell line K562. The findings revealed that limocitrin increased the expressions of cytolytic molecules perforin, granzymes A and B, and granulysin in KHYG-1 cells by inducing phosphorylation of transcription factor CREB, leading to increased lysis of K562 cells. Mechanistically, limocitrin was found to increase the expressions of t-Bid, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved PARP to induce K562 cell apoptosis. Moreover, limocitrin reduced the expressions of SET and Ape1 to inhibit DNA repair mechanism, leading to caspase-independent K562 cell death. At the molecular level, limocitrin was found to increase the phosphorylation of ERK, p38, and JNK to increase granzyme B expression in KHYG-1 cells. Taken together, the study indicates that limocitrin increases cytotoxicity of NK cells against a range of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Ju Hsieh
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Doctoral Program in Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Tsun Lin
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Chuang
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Chieh Lin
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sheng Lo
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yu Ho
- Oral Cancer Research Center, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Kuan Chen
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Alsalloum A, Shevchenko J, Fisher M, Philippova J, Perik-Zavodskii R, Perik-Zavodskaia O, Alrhmoun S, Lopatnikova J, Vasily K, Volynets M, Zavjalov E, Solovjeva O, Akahori Y, Shiku H, Silkov A, Sennikov S. Exploring TCR-like CAR-Engineered Lymphocyte Cytotoxicity against MAGE-A4. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15134. [PMID: 37894816 PMCID: PMC10606439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242015134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
TCR-like chimeric antigen receptor (CAR-T) cell therapy has emerged as a game-changing strategy in cancer immunotherapy, offering a broad spectrum of potential antigen targets, particularly in solid tumors containing intracellular antigens. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxicity and functional attributes of in vitro-generated T-lymphocytes, engineered with a TCR-like CAR receptor precisely targeting the cancer testis antigen MAGE-A4. Through viral transduction, T-cells were genetically modified to express the TCR-like CAR receptor and co-cultured with MAGE-A4-expressing tumor cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed a significant surge in cells expressing activation markers CD69, CD107a, and FasL upon encountering tumor cells, indicating robust T-cell activation and cytotoxicity. Moreover, immune transcriptome profiling unveiled heightened expression of pivotal T-effector genes involved in immune response and cell proliferation regulation. Additionally, multiplex assays also revealed increased cytokine production and cytotoxicity driven by granzymes and soluble Fas ligand (sFasL), suggesting enhanced anti-tumor immune responses. Preliminary in vivo investigations revealed a significant deceleration in tumor growth, highlighting the therapeutic potential of these TCR-like CAR-T cells. Further investigations are warranted to validate these revelations fully and harness the complete potential of TCR-like CAR-T cells in overcoming cancer's resilient defenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Alsalloum
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Shevchenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Marina Fisher
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Julia Philippova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Roman Perik-Zavodskii
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Olga Perik-Zavodskaia
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Saleh Alrhmoun
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Julia Lopatnikova
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Kurilin Vasily
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Marina Volynets
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Evgenii Zavjalov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and High Education of Russian Federation, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Olga Solovjeva
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and High Education of Russian Federation, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Yasushi Akahori
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Hiroshi Shiku
- Department of Personalized Cancer Immunotherapy, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Tsu 514-8507, Mie, Japan;
| | - Alexander Silkov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
| | - Sergey Sennikov
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Research Institute of Fundamental and Clinical Immunology, 630099 Novosibirsk, Russia; (A.A.); (J.S.); (M.F.); (J.P.); (R.P.-Z.); (O.P.-Z.); (S.A.); (J.L.); (K.V.); (M.V.); (E.Z.); (O.S.); (A.S.)
- Department of Immunology, V. Zelman Institute for Medicine and Psychology, Novosibirsk State University, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia
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Cho Y, Kim J, Park J, Doh J. Surface nanotopography and cell shape modulate tumor cell susceptibility to NK cell cytotoxicity. Mater Horiz 2023; 10:4532-4540. [PMID: 37559559 DOI: 10.1039/d3mh00367a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are innate cytotoxic lymphocytes exerting cytotoxicity against virally infected cells and tumor cells. NK cell cytotoxicity is primarily determined by biochemical signals received from ligands expressed on target cell surfaces, but it is also possible that biophysical environments of tumor cells, such as nanoscale surface topography typically existing on extracellular matrixes (ECMs) or cell morphology determined by ECM spaces or cell density, regulate NK cell cytotoxicity. In this study, micro/nanofabrication technology was applied to examine this possibility. Tumor cells were plated on flat or nanogrooved surfaces, or micropatterned into circular or elliptical geometries, and the effects of surface topography and tumor cell morphology on NK cell cytotoxicity were investigated. NK cells exhibited significantly higher cytotoxicity against tumor cells on nanogrooved surfaces or tumor cells in elliptical patterns than tumor cells on flat surfaces or tumor cells in circular patterns, respectively. The amounts of stress fiber formation in tumor cells positively correlated with NK cell cytotoxicity, indicating that increased cellular tension of tumor cells, either mediated by nanogrooved surfaces or elongated morphologies, was a key factor regulating NK cell cytotoxicity. These results may provide insight into the design of NK cell-based cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbum Cho
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering (I-Bio), Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77, Cheongam-ro, Pohang, Gyeongbuk, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - JangHyuk Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jeehun Park
- SOFT Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Junsang Doh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- SOFT Foundry Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Institute of Engineering Research, BioMAX, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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35
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Gille I, Hagedoorn RS, van der Meer-Prins EMW, Heemskerk MHM, Heidt S. Chimeric HLA antibody receptor T cells to target HLA-specific B cells in solid organ transplantation. HLA 2023; 102:436-448. [PMID: 37370222 DOI: 10.1111/tan.15146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023]
Abstract
HLA-sensitized patients on the transplant waiting list harbor antibodies and memory B cells directed against allogeneic HLA molecules, which decreases the chance to receive a compatible donor organ. Current desensitization strategies non-specifically target circulating antibodies and B cells, warranting the development of therapies that specifically affect HLA-directed humoral immune responses. We developed Chimeric HLA Antibody Receptor (CHAR) constructs comprising the extracellular part of HLA-A2 or HLA-A3 coupled to CD28-CD3ζ domains. CHAR-transduced cells expressing reporter constructs encoding T-cell activation markers, and CHAR-transduced CD8+ T cells from healthy donors were stimulated with HLA-specific monoclonal antibody-coated microbeads, and HLA-specific B cell hybridomas. CHAR T cell activation was measured by upregulation of T cell activation markers and IFNγ secretion, whereas CHAR T cell killing of B cell hybridomas was assessed in chromium release assays and by IgG ELISpot. HLA-A2- and HLA-A3-CHAR expressing cells were specifically activated by HLA-A2- and HLA-A3-specific monoclonal antibodies, either soluble or coated on microbeads, as shown by CHAR-induced transcription factors. HLA-A2 and HLA-A3 CHAR T cells efficiently produced IFNγ with exquisite specificity and were capable of specifically lysing hybridoma cells expressing HLA-A2- or HLA-A3-specific B-cell receptors, respectively. Finally, we mutated the α3 domain of the CHAR molecules to minimize any alloreactive T-cell reactivity against CHAR T cells, while retaining CHAR activity. These data show proof of principle for CHAR T cells to serve as precision immunotherapy to specifically desensitize (highly) sensitized solid organ transplant candidates and to treat antibody-mediated rejection after solid organ transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilse Gille
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Renate S Hagedoorn
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sebastiaan Heidt
- Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
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36
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Scopelliti F, Dimartino V, Cattani C, Cavani A. Functional TRPA1 Channels Regulate CD56 dimCD16 + NK Cell Cytotoxicity against Tumor Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14736. [PMID: 37834182 PMCID: PMC10572725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) channels are expressed on the surface of different cell types, including immune cells. However, TRPA1's role in the context of innate and adaptive immune responses has not been fully elucidated so far. In this study, we aimed at investigating the expression and function of TRPA1 channels on NK cells. Among NK cells, TRPA1 was highly expressed by the CD56dimCD16+ subpopulation, but not by CD56brightCD16- cells, as detected by FACS. TRPA1 activation with the potent ligand allyl isothiocyanate (AITC) induces intracellular calcium flux in CD56dimCD16+ cells, which was prevented by the TRPA1 antagonist HC-030031. AITC treatment increased the membrane around NKp44 and strongly decreased CD16 and CD8 expression, while CD158a, CD159a, NKG2d, NKp46 were substantially unaffected. Importantly, AITC increased the granzyme production and CD107 expression and increased NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity towards the K562 cell line and two different melanoma cell lines. In parallel, TRPA1 activation also plays regulatory roles by affecting the survival of NK cells to limit uncontrolled and prolonged NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity. Our results indicate that the activation of TRPA1 is an important regulatory signal for NK cells, and agonists of TRPA1 could be used to strengthen the tumor response of the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Scopelliti
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty INMP/NIHMP, Via di S.Gallicano, 25, 00153 Rome, Italy (C.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Valentina Dimartino
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty INMP/NIHMP, Via di S.Gallicano, 25, 00153 Rome, Italy (C.C.); (C.A.)
- National Institute for Infectious Diseases Lazzaro Spallanzani IRCCS, Via Portuense 292, 00149 Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Cattani
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty INMP/NIHMP, Via di S.Gallicano, 25, 00153 Rome, Italy (C.C.); (C.A.)
| | - Andrea Cavani
- National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty INMP/NIHMP, Via di S.Gallicano, 25, 00153 Rome, Italy (C.C.); (C.A.)
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37
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Sandoz PA, Kuhnigk K, Szabo EK, Thunberg S, Erikson E, Sandström N, Verron Q, Brech A, Watzl C, Wagner AK, Alici E, Malmberg KJ, Uhlin M, Önfelt B. Modulation of lytic molecules restrain serial killing in γδ T lymphocytes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6035. [PMID: 37758698 PMCID: PMC10533871 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41634-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
γδ T cells play a pivotal role in protection against various types of infections and tumours, from early childhood on and throughout life. They consist of several subsets characterised by adaptive and innate-like functions, with Vγ9Vδ2 being the largest subset in human peripheral blood. Although these cells show signs of cytotoxicity, their modus operandi remains poorly understood. Here we explore, using live single-cell imaging, the cytotoxic functions of γδ T cells upon interactions with tumour target cells with high temporal and spatial resolution. While γδ T cell killing is dominated by degranulation, the availability of lytic molecules appears tightly regulated in time and space. In particular, the limited co-occurrence of granzyme B and perforin restrains serial killing of tumour cells by γδ T cells. Thus, our data provide new insights into the cytotoxic arsenal and functions of γδ T cells, which may guide the development of more efficient γδ T cell based adoptive immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick A Sandoz
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Kyra Kuhnigk
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Edina K Szabo
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Sarah Thunberg
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Elina Erikson
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Niklas Sandström
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Quentin Verron
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Brech
- Cancell, Centre for Cancer Cell Reprogramming, Department for Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Carsten Watzl
- Department for Immunology, Leibniz Research Centre for Working Environment and Human Factors, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Arnika K Wagner
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Evren Alici
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Karl-Johan Malmberg
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
- Precision Immunotherapy Alliance, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Uhlin
- CLINTEC, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Björn Önfelt
- Department of Applied Physics, Science for Life Laboratory, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Medicine Huddinge, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
- Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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Liu Z, Liu W, Wang W, Ma Y, Wang Y, Drum DL, Cai J, Blevins H, Lee E, Shah S, Fisher PB, Wang X, Fang X, Guo C, Wang XY. CPT1A-mediated fatty acid oxidation confers cancer cell resistance to immune-mediated cytolytic killing. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2302878120. [PMID: 37722058 PMCID: PMC10523454 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2302878120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Although tumor-intrinsic fatty acid β-oxidation (FAO) is implicated in multiple aspects of tumorigenesis and progression, the impact of this metabolic pathway on cancer cell susceptibility to immunotherapy remains unknown. Here, we report that cytotoxicity of killer T cells induces activation of FAO and upregulation of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1A (CPT1A), the rate-limiting enzyme of FAO in cancer cells. The repression of CPT1A activity or expression renders cancer cells more susceptible to destruction by cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Our mechanistic studies reveal that FAO deficiency abrogates the prosurvival signaling in cancer cells under immune cytolytic stress. Furthermore, we identify T cell-derived IFN-γ as a major factor responsible for induction of CPT1A and FAO in an AMPK-dependent manner, indicating a dynamic interplay between immune effector cells and tumor targets. While cancer growth in the absence of CPT1A remains largely unaffected, established tumors upon FAO inhibition become significantly more responsive to cellular immunotherapies including chimeric antigen receptor-engineered human T cells. Together, these findings uncover a mode of cancer resistance and immune editing that can facilitate immune escape and limit the benefits of immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Liu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Wenjie Liu
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Yibao Ma
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Yufeng Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - David L. Drum
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Jinyang Cai
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Hallie Blevins
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Eun Lee
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Syed Shah
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA23249
| | - Paul B. Fisher
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA02114
| | - Xianjun Fang
- Department of Biochemistry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Chunqing Guo
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
| | - Xiang-Yang Wang
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
- Hunter Holmes McGuire VA Medical Center, Richmond, VA23249
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA23298
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39
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McCord B, Day RM. Cytotoxic immune cells do not affect TDP-43 and p62 sarcoplasmic aggregation but influence TDP-43 localisation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15935. [PMID: 37741931 PMCID: PMC10517962 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42824-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic inclusion body myositis (sIBM) is an idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with invasion of CD8 T cells in muscle and aggregation of proteins in the sarcoplasm. TDP-43 and p62 are two proteins that aggregate in affected muscle, and have been suggested as specific markers for sIBM over other inflammatory myopathies. TDP-43 is also mislocalised from the nucleus to the sarcoplasm in sIBM. It is not clear if inflammation precedes protein aggregation in sIBM. This study investigated if exposure to cytotoxic inflammatory cells caused TDP-43 and p62 aggregation or TDP-43 mislocalisation in cultured myotubes. TALL-104 coculture was highly cytotoxic to myotubes after 24 h. Secretion of IFNγ and TNFα were higher in cocultures compared to monocultured TALL-104 cells, indicating activation. TALL-104 cells attached to and infiltrated myotubes. There was no effect of TALL-104 coculture on TDP-43 or p62 sarcoplasmic aggregate size or frequency. However, there was decreased localisation of TDP-43 to the nucleus with TALL-104 coculture compared to control. In an in vitro setting, cytotoxic immune cells did not cause TDP-43 or p62 sarcoplasmic aggregation, suggesting cellular cytotoxicity may not trigger aggregation of these proteins. However TALL-104 coculture influenced TDP-43 localisation, suggesting cytotoxic immune cells may contribute to TDP-43 localisation shifts which is observed in sIBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryony McCord
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK
| | - Richard M Day
- Centre for Precision Healthcare, UCL Division of Medicine, University College London, London, WC1E 6JF, UK.
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40
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Zhang W, Yu B, Meng Q, Pu L, Liu B, Li F. Novaferon gene modification promotes NK92 cell anti-tumor activity. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 122:110613. [PMID: 37421776 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
With significant developments in chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy, adoptive immunotherapy has unlocked new levels of treatment for malignancies. Natural killer (NK) cells are promising alternative immune effector cells for this strategy. Multiple anti-tumor therapies are largely dependent on type I interferon (IFN) signaling. Type I IFNs enhance NK cell cytotoxicity. Novaferon (nova) is an unnatural, novel IFN-like protein produced by gene shuffling of IFN-α with strong biological activity. To augment the antitumor activity of NK cells, we generated NK92-nova cells that stably express nova. We found that NK92-nova cells mediated enhanced pan-cancer antitumor activity compared to NK92-vec cells. The increased antitumor activity was associated with the enhanced secretion of cytokines, such as IFN-γ, perforin, and granzyme B. Meanwhile, most of the activating receptors were upregulated in the NK92-nova cells. After co-culture with NK92-nova cells, the expression of NKG2D ligands on the HepG2 cells increased, resulting in an enhanced susceptibility of HepG2 cells to NK92 cell-mediated cytolysis. NK92-nova cells significantly inhibited HepG2 tumor growth in a xenograft model without systemic toxicity. Therefore, NK92-nova cells are a novel and safe strategy for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanze Zhang
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Bingxin Yu
- Department of Ultrasound, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130032, Jilin, PR China
| | - Qingyu Meng
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Luya Pu
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Bin Liu
- Cardiovascular Disease Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China
| | - Fan Li
- Department of Pathogenobiology, The Key Laboratory of Zoonosis, Chinese Ministry of Education, College of Basic Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China; The Key Laboratory for Bionics Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China; Engineering Research Center for Medical Biomaterials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China; Key Laboratory for Health Biomedical Materials of Jilin Province, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, Jilin, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, PR China.
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41
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How cytotoxic T cells release their dying targets. Nat Immunol 2023; 24:1413-4. [PMID: 37500889 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-023-01576-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
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Hallisey M, Dennis J, Gabriel EP, Masciarelli A, Chen J, Abrecht C, Brainard M, Marcotte WM, Dong H, Hathaway E, Tarannum M, Vergara JA, Schork AN, Tyan K, Tarantino G, Liu D, Romee R, Rahma OE, Severgnini M, Hodi FS, Baginska J. Profiling of Natural Killer Interactions With Cancer Cells Using Mass Cytometry. J Transl Med 2023; 103:100174. [PMID: 37169083 DOI: 10.1016/j.labinv.2023.100174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a comprehensive method for functional assessment of the changes in immune populations and killing activity of peripheral blood mononuclear cells after cocultures with cancer cells using mass cytometry. In this study, a 43-marker mass cytometry panel was applied to a coculture of immune cells from healthy donors' peripheral blood mononuclear cells with diverse cancer cell lines. DNA content combined with classical CD45 surface staining was used as gating parameters for cocultures of immune cells (CD45high/DNAlow) with hematological (CD45low/DNAhigh) and solid cancer cell lines (CD45neg/DNAhigh). This strategy allows for universal discrimination of cancer cells from immune populations without the need for a specific cancer cell marker and simultaneous assessment of phenotypical changes in both populations. The use of mass cytometry allows for simultaneous detection of changes in natural killer, natural killer T cell, and T cell phenotypes and degranulation of immune populations upon target recognition, analysis of target cells for cytotoxic protein granzyme B content, and cancer cell death. These findings have broad applicability in research and clinical settings with the aim to phenotype and assess functional changes following not only NK-cancer cell interactions but also the effect of those interactions on other immune populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Hallisey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jenna Dennis
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Elizabeth P Gabriel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Alyssa Masciarelli
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Charlotte Abrecht
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Martha Brainard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William M Marcotte
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Han Dong
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emma Hathaway
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mubin Tarannum
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Juliana A Vergara
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Abigail N Schork
- Longwood Medical Area CyTOF Core, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Kevin Tyan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Giuseppe Tarantino
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - David Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Rizwan Romee
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Osama E Rahma
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mariano Severgnini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - F Stephen Hodi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Joanna Baginska
- Department of Medical Oncology, Center for Immuno-Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts.
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Jiang Y, Yao J, Yao Z, Huang Y, Li Z, Fan Z, Zhou Y, Li G, Li Z, Xu B. CD4 T cells in chronic myeloid leukemia present MHC class II-dependent and IFN-γ-dependent cytotoxic capacity. Med Oncol 2023; 40:253. [PMID: 37498412 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-023-02123-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
At present, many therapeutic schemes have been used to improve the prognosis of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), but response remains poor in a small group of patients. CD4 T cell-mediated cytotoxicity has been found in various autoimmune diseases. This study analyzed the characteristics of CD4 T cell mediated cytotoxicity in CML patients and healthy people. The cytotoxicity of CD4 T cells was tested in using two CML cell lines, including the MHC class II-deficient K562 cells and the MHC class II-expressing KU812 cells. CD4 T cell-mediated lysis was minimal in K562 cells but was much higher in KU812 cells. In CML patients, the level of CD4 T cell-mediated lysis was limited to a certain level. Interestingly, pre-treating KU812 cells with IFN-γ could significantly elevate the expression of MHC class II and elevate the level of CD4 T cell-mediated lysis. Overall, these data indicated CD4 T cells could become a potential candidate for cytotoxic elimination of CML cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yirong Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, P.R. China
| | - Jingwei Yao
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhuoxin Yao
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, P.R. China
| | - Yueting Huang
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P.R. China
| | - Zhangkun Li
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, P.R. China
| | - Ziying Fan
- Department of Hematology, Affiliated Dongguan People's Hospital, Southern Medical University (Dongguan People's Hospital), Dongguan, 523059, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P.R. China
| | - Guowei Li
- Department of Hematology, Huizhou Municipal Central Hospital, Huizhou, 516001, P.R. China
| | - Zhifeng Li
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P.R. China.
| | - Bing Xu
- Department of Hematology, Institute of Hematology, School of Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Medical College of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P.R. China.
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Cross-Najafi AA, Farag K, Isidan A, Li W, Zhang W, Lin Z, Walsh JR, Lopez K, Park Y, Higgins NG, Cooper DK, Ekser B, Li P. Co-expression of HLA-E and HLA-G on genetically modified porcine endothelial cells attenuates human NK cell-mediated degranulation. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1217809. [PMID: 37529053 PMCID: PMC10387534 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1217809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in immune rejection in solid organ transplantation. To mitigate human NK cell activation in xenotransplantation, introducing inhibitory ligands on xenografts via genetic engineering of pigs may protect the graft from human NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and ultimately improve xenograft survival. In this study, non-classical HLA class I molecules HLA-E and HLA-G were introduced in an immortalized porcine liver endothelial cell line with disruption of five genes (GGTA1, CMAH, β4galNT2, SLA-I α chain, and β-2 microglobulin) encoding three major carbohydrate xenoantigens (αGal, Neu5Gc, and Sda) and swine leukocyte antigen class I (SLA-I) molecules. Expression of HLA-E and/or HLA-G on pig cells were confirmed by flow cytometry. Endogenous HLA-G molecules as well as exogenous HLA-G VL9 peptide could dramatically enhance HLA-E expression on transfected pig cells. We found that co-expression of HLA-E and HLA-G on porcine cells led to a significant reduction in human NK cell activation compared to the cells expressing HLA-E or HLA-G alone and the parental cell line. NK cell activation was assessed by analysis of CD107a expression in CD3-CD56+ population gated from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. CD107a is a sensitive marker of NK cell activation and correlates with NK cell degranulation and cytotoxicity. HLA-E and/or HLA-G on pig cells did not show reactivity to human sera IgG and IgM antibodies. This in vitro study demonstrated that co-expression of HLA-E and HLA-G on genetically modified porcine endothelial cells provided a superior inhibition in human xenoreactive NK cells, which may guide further genetic engineering of pigs to prevent human NK cell mediated rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. Cross-Najafi
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kristine Farag
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Abdulkadir Isidan
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Zhansong Lin
- Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH), Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Julia R. Walsh
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Kevin Lopez
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Yujin Park
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Nancy G. Higgins
- Transplant Immunology, Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - David K.C. Cooper
- Center for Transplantation Sciences, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Burcin Ekser
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Ping Li
- Transplant Division, Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
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Yandamuri SS, Filipek B, Obaid AH, Lele N, Thurman JM, Makhani N, Nowak RJ, Guo Y, Lucchinetti CF, Flanagan EP, Longbrake EE, O'Connor KC. MOGAD patient autoantibodies induce complement, phagocytosis, and cellular cytotoxicity. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e165373. [PMID: 37097758 PMCID: PMC10393237 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.165373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an inflammatory demyelinating CNS condition characterized by the presence of MOG autoantibodies. We sought to investigate whether human MOG autoantibodies are capable of mediating damage to MOG-expressing cells through multiple mechanisms. We developed high-throughput assays to measure complement activity (CA), complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC), antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), and antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) of live MOG-expressing cells. MOGAD patient sera effectively mediate all of these effector functions. Our collective analyses reveal that (a) cytotoxicity is not incumbent on MOG autoantibody quantity alone; (b) engagement of effector functions by MOGAD patient serum is bimodal, with some sera exhibiting cytotoxic capacity while others did not; (c) the magnitude of CDC and ADCP is elevated closer to relapse, while MOG-IgG binding is not; and (d) all IgG subclasses can damage MOG-expressing cells. Histopathology from a representative MOGAD case revealed congruence between lesion histology and serum CDC and ADCP, and we identified NK cells, mediators of ADCC, in the cerebrospinal fluid of relapsing patients with MOGAD. Thus, MOGAD-derived autoantibodies are cytotoxic to MOG-expressing cells through multiple mechanisms, and assays quantifying CDC and ADCP may prove to be effective tools for predicting risk of future relapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya S Yandamuri
- Department of Neurology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Beata Filipek
- Department of Neurology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Abeer H Obaid
- Department of Neurology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Institute of Biomedical Studies, Baylor University, Waco, Texas, USA
| | | | - Joshua M Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Naila Makhani
- Department of Neurology and
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Yong Guo
- Department of Neurology and Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Claudia F Lucchinetti
- Department of Neurology and Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Eoin P Flanagan
- Department of Neurology and Center for MS and Autoimmune Neurology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Kevin C O'Connor
- Department of Neurology and
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Heczey A, Xu X, Courtney AN, Tian G, Barragan GA, Guo L, Amador CM, Ghatwai N, Rathi P, Wood MS, Li Y, Zhang C, Demberg T, Di Pierro EJ, Sher AC, Zhang H, Mehta B, Thakkar SG, Grilley B, Wang T, Weiss BD, Montalbano A, Subramaniam M, Xu C, Sachar C, Wells DK, Dotti G, Metelitsa LS. Anti-GD2 CAR-NKT cells in relapsed or refractory neuroblastoma: updated phase 1 trial interim results. Nat Med 2023; 29:1379-1388. [PMID: 37188782 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02363-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Vα24-invariant natural killer T cells (NKTs) have anti-tumor properties that can be enhanced by chimeric antigen receptors (CARs). Here we report updated interim results from the first-in-human phase 1 evaluation of autologous NKTs co-expressing a GD2-specific CAR with interleukin 15 (IL15) (GD2-CAR.15) in 12 children with neuroblastoma (NB). The primary objectives were safety and determination of maximum tolerated dose (MTD). The anti-tumor activity of GD2-CAR.15 NKTs was assessed as a secondary objective. Immune response evaluation was an additional objective. No dose-limiting toxicities occurred; one patient experienced grade 2 cytokine release syndrome that was resolved by tocilizumab. The MTD was not reached. The objective response rate was 25% (3/12), including two partial responses and one complete response. The frequency of CD62L+NKTs in products correlated with CAR-NKT expansion in patients and was higher in responders (n = 5; objective response or stable disease with reduction in tumor burden) than non-responders (n = 7). BTG1 (BTG anti-proliferation factor 1) expression was upregulated in peripheral GD2-CAR.15 NKTs and is a key driver of hyporesponsiveness in exhausted NKT and T cells. GD2-CAR.15 NKTs with BTG1 knockdown eliminated metastatic NB in a mouse model. We conclude that GD2-CAR.15 NKTs are safe and can mediate objective responses in patients with NB. Additionally, their anti-tumor activity may be enhanced by targeting BTG1. ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT03294954 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Andras Heczey
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Amy N Courtney
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gengwen Tian
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gabriel A Barragan
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Linjie Guo
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudia Martinez Amador
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nisha Ghatwai
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Purva Rathi
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Michael S Wood
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yanchuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Chunchao Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Thorsten Demberg
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Erica J Di Pierro
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Andrew C Sher
- Department of Radiology, Texas Children's Hospital, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Birju Mehta
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sachin G Thakkar
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bambi Grilley
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Tao Wang
- Biostatistics and Data Management Resource, Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brian D Weiss
- Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianpietro Dotti
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Leonid S Metelitsa
- Department of Pediatrics, Center for Advanced Innate Cell Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Center for Cell and Gene Therapy, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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47
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Baldari CT, Valitutti S, Dustin ML. Editorial: Mechanisms of lymphocyte mediated cytotoxicity in health and disease. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1226870. [PMID: 37325629 PMCID: PMC10264835 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1226870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Salvatore Valitutti
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U1037, Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Toulouse (CRCT), Université de Toulouse III-Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
- Department of Pathology, Institut Universitaire du Cancer-Oncopole de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Michael L. Dustin
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Umeyama Y, Taniguchi H, Gyotoku H, Senju H, Tomono H, Takemoto S, Yamaguchi H, Tagod MSO, Iwasaki M, Tanaka Y, Mukae H. Three distinct mechanisms underlying human γδ T cell-mediated cytotoxicity against malignant pleural mesothelioma. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1058838. [PMID: 37006249 PMCID: PMC10063812 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1058838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionMalignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) is a rare and highly aggressive thoracic tumor with poor prognosis and limited therapeutic options. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors exhibit a promising effect in some patients with unresectable MPM in clinical trials, the majority of MPM patients show only modest response rates to the currently available treatments. It is thus imperative to develop novel and innovative therapeutic modalities for MPM, including immune effector cell-based therapies.Methodsγδ T cells were expanded using tetrakis-pivaloyloxymethyl 2-(thiazole-2-ylamino) ethylidene-1,1-bisphosphonate (PTA) and interleukin-2, and the therapeutic potential of γδ T cells was examined through analyzing cell surface markers and cellular cytotoxicity against MPM in vitro using a europium chelate-based time-resolved fluorescence assay system and a luciferase-based luminescence assay system.Results and discussionWe successfully expanded γδ T cells from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of healthy donors and MPM patients. γδ T cells expressed natural killer receptors such as NKG2D and DNAM-1 and exhibited a moderate level of cytotoxicity to MPM cells in the absence of antigens. The inclusion of PTA, (E)-4-hydroxy-3- methylbut-2-enyl diphosphate (HMBPP) or zoledronic acid (ZOL) induced a TCR-dependent cytotoxicity in γδ T cells and secreted interferon-γ (IFN-γ). In addition, γδ T cells expressing CD16 exhibited a significant level of cytotoxicity against MPM cells in the presence of an anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mAb, at lower concentrations than in clinical settings, whereas a detectable level of IFN-γ was not produced. Taken together, γδ T cells showed cytotoxic activity against MPM in three distinct mechanisms through NK receptors, TCRs and CD16. Since major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules are not involved in the recognition, both autologous and allogeneic γδ T cells could be used for the development of γδ T cell-based adoptive immunotherapy for MPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Umeyama
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Taniguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- *Correspondence: Hirokazu Taniguchi,
| | - Hiroshi Gyotoku
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Senju
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Senju Hospital, Sasebo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tomono
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shinnosuke Takemoto
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamaguchi
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Clinical Oncology Center, Nagasaki University Hospital, Nagasaki, Japan
| | | | - Masashi Iwasaki
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Tanaka
- Center for Medical Innovation, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Center for Innovation in Immunoregulative Technology and Therapeutics, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Mukae
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Steen EA, Nichols KE, Meyer LK. Insights into the cellular pathophysiology of familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1147603. [PMID: 36969228 PMCID: PMC10033680 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1147603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (fHLH) encompasses a group of rare inherited immune dysregulation disorders characterized by loss-of-function mutations in one of several genes involved in the assembly, exocytosis, and function of cytotoxic granules within CD8+ T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. The resulting defect in cytotoxicity allows these cells to be appropriately stimulated in response to an antigenic trigger, and also impairs their ability to effectively mediate and terminate the immune response. Consequently, there is sustained lymphocyte activation, resulting in the secretion of excessive amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines that further activate other cells of the innate and adaptive immune systems. Together, these activated cells and pro-inflammatory cytokines mediate tissue damage that leads to multi-organ failure in the absence of treatment aimed at controlling hyperinflammation. In this article, we review these mechanisms of hyperinflammation in fHLH at the cellular level, focusing primarily on studies performed in murine models of fHLH that have provided insight into how defects in the lymphocyte cytotoxicity pathway mediate rampant and sustained immune dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim E. Nichols
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Lauren K. Meyer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Lauren K. Meyer,
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Kimman T, Slomp A, Martens A, Grabherr S, Li S, van Diest E, Meeldijk J, Kuball J, Minnema MC, Eldering E, Bovenschen N, Sebestyén Z, Peperzak V. Serpin B9 controls tumor cell killing by CAR T cells. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:jitc-2022-006364. [PMID: 36931661 PMCID: PMC10030924 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-006364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial clinical responses with gene engineered chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells in cancer patients are highly encouraging; however, primary resistance and also relapse may prevent durable remission in a substantial part of the patients. One of the underlying causes is the resistance mechanisms in cancer cells that limit effective killing by CAR T cells. CAR T cells exert their cytotoxic function through secretion of granzymes and perforin. Inhibition of granzyme B (GrB) can underlie resistance to T cell-mediated killing, and it has been shown that serine proteinase inhibitor serpin B9 can effectively inhibit GrB. We aimed to determine whether expression of serpin B9 by cancer cells can lead to resistance toward CAR T cells. METHODS Serpin B9 gene and protein expression were examined by R2 or DepMap database mining and by western blot or flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Coculture killing experiments were performed with melanoma cell line MeWo, diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) cell line OCI-Ly7 or primary chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells as target cells and natural killer cell line YT-Indy, CD20 CAR T cells or CD19 CAR T cells as effector cells and analyzed by flow cytometry. RESULTS Serpin B9 protein expression was previously shown to be associated with clinical outcome in melanoma patients and in line with these observations we demonstrate that enforced serpin B9 expression in melanoma cells reduces sensitivity to GrB-mediated killing. Next, we examined serpin B9 expression in a wide array of primary tumor tissues and human cell lines to find that serpin B9 is uniformly expressed in B-cell lymphomas and most prominently in DLBCL and CLL. Subsequently, using small interfering RNA, we silenced serpin B9 expression in DLBCL cells, which increased their sensitivity to CD20 CAR T cell-mediated killing. In addition, we showed that co-ulture of primary CLL cells with CD20 CAR T cells results in selection of serpin B9-high CLL cells, suggesting these cells resist CAR T-cell killing. CONCLUSIONS Overall, the data indicate that serpin B9 is a resistance mediator for CAR T cell-mediated tumor cell killing that should be inhibited or bypassed to improve CAR T-cell responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Kimman
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Slomp
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Anne Martens
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Grabherr
- Institute of Immunobiology, Medical Research Center, Kantonsspital St Gallen, Sankt Gallen, Switzerland
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eline van Diest
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jan Meeldijk
- Center for Translational Immunology and Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jurgen Kuball
- Center for Translational Immunology and Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Monique C Minnema
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Hematology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Eric Eldering
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Duivendrecht, Netherlands
- University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Niels Bovenschen
- Center for Translational Immunology and Department of Pathology, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Zsolt Sebestyén
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Victor Peperzak
- Center for Translational Immunology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
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