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Minuzzi RK, Petry C, Souza Dos Santos F, Semmelmann AL, Bassols GF, Semmelmann Pereira-Lima JF. The role of hypogonadism in the body composition of obese men in the preoperative period of bariatric surgery. Endocr Pract 2024:S1530-891X(24)00495-6. [PMID: 38641213 DOI: 10.1016/j.eprac.2024.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe clinical characteristics, hormonal profile and body composition of obese men in preoperative of bariatric surgery. METHODS Cross-sectional, population-based study. Patients evaluated from June 2019 to December 2021 in two obesity referral centers. Patients underwent clinical evaluation, androgen deficiency screening using ADAM (Androgen Deficiency in the Aging Male questionnaire), hormonal profile and body composition assessment through body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (FM-%) and mass (FM-kg) measured by electrical bioimpedance and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. To characterize hypogonadism, two cut-off points were considered: TT <264ng/dL and TT <164ng/dL. RESULTS Thirty patients were included, mean age 35.6±8.8 years, mean weight 129.4±14.0 kg and mean BMI 42.3±4.7 kg/m2. Dyslipidemia was the most prevalent comorbidity. Considering TT <264ng/dL, 22 patients (73%) had hypogonadism. The mean TT in hypogonadal men was 198.9+68.7 ng/dL and in eugonadal men 357.0+59.5ng/dl (p<0.001). Using TT <164 ng/dL, 7 patients (23%) had hypogonadism. The mean TT in hypogonadal patients was 116.6+28.9 ng/dL and in eugonadal patients 279.0+75.0 ng/dL (p<0.001). In ADAM, 93.3% had positive screening, with no significant difference between groups. There was no statistically significant difference in body composition between groups when using TT<264ng/dL as the hypogonadism cutoff. Considering hypogonadism TT<164ng/dL, hypogonadal patients had significantly higher values of weight (139.0x126.5kg p=0.036), BMI (46.1x41.2kg/m2 p=0.014), FM-% (48.0x42.8% p=0.010) and FM-kg (66.3x53.9kg p=0.007) than eugonadal patients. CONCLUSION Hypogonadism was identified in at least 23% of patients. Considering TT below the lower limit of normality for characterization of hypogonadism, we identified a significant worsening in body composition parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Kunde Minuzzi
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Graduate Program of Pathology, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Carolina Petry
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Graduate Program of Pathology, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Felipe Souza Dos Santos
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Graduate Program of Pathology, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ana Lucia Semmelmann
- Santa Casa of Porto Alegre, Rua Professor Annes Dias, 295, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Julia Fernanda Semmelmann Pereira-Lima
- Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Graduate Program of Pathology, Rua Sarmento Leite, 245, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Santa Casa of Porto Alegre, Rua Professor Annes Dias, 295, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Markham M, Troeberg L. Using siRNA Silencing to Analyze ADAM17 in Macrophages. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2747:119-129. [PMID: 38038936 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3589-6_10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Silencing expression with short interfering RNA (siRNA) is a rapid and cost-effective way to analyze the involvement of target genes in a range of biological processes. Here we describe isolation of primary human monocytes from peripheral blood and their in vitro differentiation to macrophages, followed by electroporation with siRNA to silence expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17). This enables evaluation of ADAM17's role in cleaving transmembrane proteins, such as its prototypic substrate tumor necrosis factor (TNF), by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), flow cytometry, or immunoblotting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Markham
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Linda Troeberg
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Morisaki Y, Ohshima M, Suzuki H, Misawa H. LAG-3 expression in microglia regulated by IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and metalloproteases. Front Cell Neurosci 2023; 17:1308972. [PMID: 38026700 PMCID: PMC10663313 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2023.1308972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident innate immune cells in the central nervous system (CNS) and play important roles in the development of CNS homeostasis. Excessive activation and neurotoxicity of microglia are observed in several CNS disorders, but the mechanisms regulating their activation remain unclear. Immune checkpoint molecules are expressed on activated immune cells and regulate their activation in peripheral immunity. However, the expression mechanism of immune checkpoint molecules in activated microglia is still unknown. Here, we analyzed the expression of immune checkpoint molecules in activated microglia using the mouse microglial cell line BV2 and primary cultured microglia. The expression of lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3), a type of immune checkpoint molecule, was increased in microglia activated by IFN-γ. IFN-γ-induced LAG-3 expression in microglia was suppressed by transfection of siRNA targeting STAT1. LAG-3 has two forms, membrane and soluble, and both forms were upregulated in microglia activated by IFN-γ. The production of soluble LAG-3 was suppressed by treatment with inhibitors of metalloproteinases such as ADAM10 and ADAM17. IFN-γ administration into cisterna magna of mice increased LAG-3 expression in spinal microglia. Furthermore, LAG-3 knockdown in microglia promoted nitric oxide production by IFN-γ. Our results demonstrate that LAG-3 expression in microglia is induced by the IFN-γ-STAT1 pathway and soluble LAG-3 production is regulated via cleavage of membranous LAG-3 by metalloproteinases including ADAM10 and ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Morisaki
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Hidemi Misawa
- Division of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
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Almeida GDO, de Oliveira IS, Arantes EC, Sampaio SV. Snake venom disintegrins update: insights about new findings. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2023; 29:e20230039. [PMID: 37818211 PMCID: PMC10561651 DOI: 10.1590/1678-9199-jvatitd-2023-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Snake venom disintegrins are low molecular weight, non-enzymatic proteins rich in cysteine, present in the venom of snakes from the families Viperidae, Crotalidae, Atractaspididae, Elapidae, and Colubridae. This family of proteins originated in venom through the proteolytic processing of metalloproteinases (SVMPs), which, in turn, evolved from a gene encoding an A Disintegrin And Metalloprotease (ADAM) molecule. Disintegrins have a recognition motif for integrins in their structure, allowing interaction with these transmembrane adhesion receptors and preventing their binding to proteins in the extracellular matrix and other cells. This interaction gives disintegrins their wide range of biological functions, including inhibition of platelet aggregation and antitumor activity. As a result, many studies have been conducted in an attempt to use these natural compounds as a basis for developing therapies for the treatment of various diseases. Furthermore, the FDA has approved Tirofiban and Eptifibatide as antiplatelet compounds, and they are synthesized from the structure of echistatin and barbourin, respectively. In this review, we discuss some of the main functional and structural characteristics of this class of proteins and their potential for therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela de Oliveira Almeida
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Isadora Sousa de Oliveira
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Eliane Candiani Arantes
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Suely Vilela Sampaio
- Department of Clinical Analysis, Toxicology and Food Science, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Pandey A, Cousin H, Horr B, Alfandari D. ADAM11 a novel regulator of Wnt and BMP4 signaling in neural crest and cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1271178. [PMID: 37766964 PMCID: PMC10520719 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1271178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Cranial neural crest (CNC) cells are induced at the border of the neural plate by a combination of FGF, Wnt, and BMP4 signaling. CNC then migrate ventrally and invade ventral structures where they contribute to craniofacial development. Methods: We used loss and gain of function experiments to determine phenotypes associated with the perturbation of Adam11 expression in Xenopus Laevis. Mass spectrometry to identify partners of Adam11 and changes in protein expression in CNC lacking Adam11. We used mouse B16 melanoma to test the function of Adam11 in cancer cells, and published database analysis to study the expression of ADAM11 in human tumors. Results: Here we show that a non-proteolytic ADAM, Adam11, originally identified as a putative tumor suppressor binds to proteins of the Wnt and BMP4 signaling pathway. Mechanistic studies concerning these non-proteolytic ADAM lack almost entirely. We show that Adam11 positively regulates BMP4 signaling while negatively regulating β-catenin activity. In vivo, we show that Adam11 influences the timing of neural tube closure and the proliferation and migration of CNC. Using both human tumor data and mouse B16 melanoma cells, we further show that ADAM11 levels similarly correlate with Wnt or BMP4 activation levels. Discussion: We propose that ADAM11 preserves naïve cells by maintaining low Sox3 and Snail/Slug levels through stimulation of BMP4 and repression of Wnt signaling, while loss of ADAM11 results in increased Wnt signaling, increased proliferation and early epithelium to mesenchyme transition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dominique Alfandari
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, United States
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Pinto J, Ramos JRC, Costa RS, Rossell S, Dumas P, Oliveira R. Hybrid deep modeling of a CHO-K1 fed-batch process: combining first-principles with deep neural networks. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1237963. [PMID: 37744245 PMCID: PMC10515724 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1237963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Hybrid modeling combining First-Principles with machine learning is becoming a pivotal methodology for Biopharma 4.0 enactment. Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells, being the workhorse for industrial glycoproteins production, have been the object of several hybrid modeling studies. Most previous studies pursued a shallow hybrid modeling approach based on three-layered Feedforward Neural Networks (FFNNs) combined with macroscopic material balance equations. Only recently, the hybrid modeling field is incorporating deep learning into its framework with significant gains in descriptive and predictive power. Methods: This study compares, for the first time, deep and shallow hybrid modeling in a CHO process development context. Data of 24 fed-batch cultivations of a CHO-K1 cell line expressing a target glycoprotein, comprising 30 measured state variables over time, were used to compare both methodologies. Hybrid models with varying FFNN depths (3-5 layers) were systematically compared using two training methodologies. The classical training is based on the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm, indirect sensitivity equations and cross-validation. The deep learning is based on the Adaptive Moment Estimation Method (ADAM), stochastic regularization and semidirect sensitivity equations. Results and conclusion: The results point to a systematic generalization improvement of deep hybrid models over shallow hybrid models. Overall, the training and testing errors decreased by 14.0% and 23.6% respectively when applying the deep methodology. The Central Processing Unit (CPU) time for training the deep hybrid model increased by 31.6% mainly due to the higher FFNN complexity. The final deep hybrid model is shown to predict the dynamics of the 30 state variables within the error bounds in every test experiment. Notably, the deep hybrid model could predict the metabolic shifts in key metabolites (e.g., lactate, ammonium, glutamine and glutamate) in the test experiments. We expect deep hybrid modeling to accelerate the deployment of high-fidelity digital twins in the biopharma sector in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Pinto
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - João R. C. Ramos
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Rafael S. Costa
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
| | | | | | - Rui Oliveira
- LAQV-REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, NOVA School of Science and Technology, NOVA University Lisbon, Caparica, Portugal
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Jung SJ, Park EO, Chae SW, Lee SO, Kwon JW, You JH, Kim YG. Effects of Unripe Black Raspberry Extract Supplementation on Male Climacteric Syndrome and Voiding Dysfunction: A Pilot, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3313. [PMID: 37571251 PMCID: PMC10421075 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Male climacteric syndrome (MCS) is a medical condition that can affect middle-aged men whose testosterone levels begin to decline considerably. These symptoms may include fatigue, decreased libido, mood swings, and disturbed sleep. MCS can be managed with lifestyle modifications and testosterone replacement. However, testosterone therapy may cause number of side effects, including an increased risk of cardiovascular issues. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of unripe black raspberry extract (BRE) against MCS and voiding dysfunction in men with andropause symptoms. A total of 30 subjects were enrolled and randomly assigned to the BRE group (n = 15) or the placebo group (n = 15). Participants were supplemented with 4800 mg BRE or placebo twice daily for 12 weeks. The impact of BRE was assessed using the Aging Male's Symptoms (AMS scale), International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and the IPSS quality of life index (IPSS-QoL). Additionally, male sex hormones, lipid profiles, and anthropometric indices were assessed 6 and 12 weeks after treatment. The AMS scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. In the BRE group, the total IPSS and IPSS-QoL scores decreased significantly after 12 weeks compared to baseline (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference compared to the placebo group. However, a significant difference was observed in the IPSS voiding symptoms sub-score compared to the placebo group. Furthermore, LDL-C and TC levels were also significantly lower in the BRE group than in the placebo group (p < 0.05). Collectively, the study provides strong evidence supporting the safety of BRE as a functional food and its supplementation potentially enhances lipid metabolism and alleviates MCS and dysuria symptoms, limiting the development of BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Jin Jung
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.J.); (E.-O.P.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-O.L.)
- Clinical Trial Center for K-FOOD Microbiome, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Ock Park
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.J.); (E.-O.P.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-O.L.)
- Clinical Trial Center for K-FOOD Microbiome, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-Wan Chae
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.J.); (E.-O.P.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-O.L.)
- Clinical Trial Center for K-FOOD Microbiome, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Ok Lee
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.J.); (E.-O.P.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-O.L.)
- Clinical Trial Center for K-FOOD Microbiome, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Wung Kwon
- Berry & Bio Food Research Institute, Gochang, Jeonbuk 56417, Republic of Korea;
| | - Jae-Hyung You
- Department of Urology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gon Kim
- Clinical Trial Center for Functional Foods, Biomedical Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea; (S.-J.J.); (E.-O.P.); (S.-W.C.); (S.-O.L.)
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine, Medical School, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
- Department of Urology, Jeonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju 54907, Republic of Korea
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Nandadasa S, Martin D, Deshpande G, Robert KL, Stack MS, Itoh Y, Apte SS. Degradomic Identification of Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase as an ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 Substrate. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100566. [PMID: 37169079 PMCID: PMC10267602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted metalloproteases ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 are implicated in extracellular matrix proteolysis and primary cilium biogenesis. Here, we show that clonal gene-edited RPE-1 cells in which ADAMTS9 was inactivated, and which constitutively lack ADAMTS20 expression, have morphologic characteristics distinct from parental RPE-1 cells. To investigate underlying proteolytic mechanisms, a quantitative terminomics method, terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates was used to compare the parental and gene-edited RPE-1 cells and their medium to identify ADAMTS9 substrates. Among differentially abundant neo-amino (N) terminal peptides arising from secreted and transmembrane proteins, a peptide with lower abundance in the medium of gene-edited cells suggested cleavage at the Tyr314-Gly315 bond in the ectodomain of the transmembrane metalloprotease membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), whose mRNA was also reduced in gene-edited cells. This cleavage, occurring in the MT1-MMP hinge, that is, between the catalytic and hemopexin domains, was orthogonally validated both by lack of an MT1-MMP catalytic domain fragment in the medium of gene-edited cells and restoration of its release from the cell surface by reexpression of ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 and was dependent on hinge O-glycosylation. A C-terminally semitryptic MT1-MMP peptide with greater abundance in WT RPE-1 medium identified a second ADAMTS9 cleavage site in the MT1-MMP hemopexin domain. Consistent with greater retention of MT1-MMP on the surface of gene-edited cells, pro-MMP2 activation, which requires cell surface MT1-MMP, was increased. MT1-MMP knockdown in gene-edited ADAMTS9/20-deficient cells restored focal adhesions but not ciliogenesis. The findings expand the web of interacting proteases at the cell surface, suggest a role for ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 in regulating cell surface activity of MT1-MMP, and indicate that MT1-MMP shedding does not underlie their observed requirement in ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gauravi Deshpande
- Imaging Core Facility, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karyn L Robert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Hirai H, Hong J, Fujii W, Sanjoba C, Goto Y. Leishmania Infection-Induced Proteolytic Processing of SIRPα in Macrophages. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12040593. [PMID: 37111479 PMCID: PMC10146913 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12040593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The shedding of cell surface receptors may bring synergistic outcomes through the loss of receptor-mediated cell signaling and competitive binding of the shed soluble receptor to its ligand. Thus, soluble receptors have both biological importance and diagnostic importance as biomarkers in immunological disorders. Signal regulatory protein α (SIRPα), one of the receptors responsible for the 'don't-eat-me' signal, is expressed by myeloid cells where its expression and function are in part regulated by proteolytic cleavage. However, reports on soluble SIRPα as a biomarker are limited. We previously reported that mice with experimental visceral leishmaniasis (VL) manifest anemia and enhanced hemophagocytosis in the spleen accompanied with decreased SIRPα expression. Here, we report increased serum levels of soluble SIRPα in mice infected with Leishmania donovani, a causative agent of VL. Increased soluble SIRPα was also detected in a culture supernatant of macrophages infected with L. donovani in vitro, suggesting the parasite infection promotes ectodomain shedding of SIRPα on macrophages. The release of soluble SIRPα was partially inhibited by an ADAM proteinase inhibitor in both LPS stimulation and L. donovani infection, suggesting a shared mechanism for cleavage of SIRPα in both cases. In addition to the ectodomain shedding of SIRPα, both LPS stimulation and L. donovani infection induced the loss of the cytoplasmic region of SIRPα. Although the effects of these proteolytic processes or changes in SIRPα still remain unclear, these proteolytic regulations on SIRPα during L. donovani infection may explain hemophagocytosis and anemia induced by infection, and serum soluble SIRPα may serve as a biomarker for hemophagocytosis and anemia in VL and the other inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Hirai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Jing Hong
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Wataru Fujii
- Laboratory of Biomedical Science, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Chizu Sanjoba
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Goto
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Li Y, Chen Y, Wu W, Li N, Hua J. MMPs, ADAMs and ADAMTSs are associated with mammalian sperm fate. Theriogenology 2023; 200:147-154. [PMID: 36842259 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2023.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Metalloproteinases include matrix metalloproteinases and disintegrin metalloproteinases. They are important members of the ECM degradation and reconstruction process and are associated with tissue development and disease. The ECM is a three-dimensional network of large molecules consisting of a variety of proteins. It is a physical scaffold for organs, and all types of cells can be found within the ECM. The testicle, where sperm are produced, is an organ that is constantly in dynamic flux. Metalloproteinases can regulate testicular tissue development and the maturation of sperm by affecting the ECM. Metalloproteinase disorders can lead to cryptorchidism, azoospermia, poor semen quality and other diseases. As a member of the metalloproteinase family, ADAMTS plays an important role in testicular slippage to the scrotum. ADAM is involved in the fertilization process, and excessive MMP can damage the BTB. In the testis, metalloproteinase stability represents the stability of the extracellular microenvironment in which germ cells are located and is associated with reproductive function. Metalloproteinases have a definite relationship with male reproduction, but the underlying mechanism is still unclear. This paper summarizes the literature on various metalloproteinases in testicular tissue physiology and pathology to elucidate their role in reproductive function and male reproductive mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunxiang Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuguang Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenping Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Jinlian Hua
- College of Veterinary Medicine/Shaanxi Centre of Stem Cells Engineering & Technology, Northwest Agriculture & Forestry University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Livestock Biology, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China.
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Wu K, Xu J, Jia Z, Wang J, Wang Z, Feng J, Zhu X, Liu Q, Wang B, Li M, Pang Y, Zou J. Phylogeny and expression of ADAM10 and ADAM17 homologs in lamprey. Fish Physiol Biochem 2023; 49:321-334. [PMID: 36964830 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-023-01184-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase) play regulatory roles in cell adhesion, migration and proteolysis. To explore the origin and evolution of ADAMs, this study identified the homologs of adam10 and adam17 in Lampetra morii and Lampetra japonica. Sequence analysis revealed that they share the same genomic structures with their counterparts in jawed vertebrates. The putative proteins possess conserved motifs, including a furin cut site (RXXR) for precursor processing, an enzyme catalytic motif (HEXGEHXXGXXH) for hydrolysis, and a Ca2+-binding motif (CGNXXXEXGEXCD) for stabilizing protein structure. In addition, a substrate recognition domain is present at the membrane-proximal region of lamprey ADAM17. The cytoplasmic region of lamprey ADAM10 contains a potential threonine phosphorylation site which has been shown to be activated by protein kinase C (PKC) in mammals. Both the adam10 and adam17 genes were constitutively expressed in the brain, kidney, and gills and were differentially regulated in the primary blood leukocytes by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and pokeweed mitogen (PWM). Adam10 was induced by LPS but not PWM; conversely, adam17 was induced by PWM but not LPS. Taken together, our results suggest that the activation pathways and functions of ADAM10 and ADAM17 are conserved in agnathans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaizheng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zhao Jia
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Junya Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Jianhua Feng
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Xiaozhen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Bangjie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Mingjie Li
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yue Pang
- Lamprey Research Center, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, China.
| | - Jun Zou
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Ministry of Education), Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China.
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China.
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12
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Macaulay AD, Ortman CS, Moore KRJ, Baltz JM. Initial detachment of the mouse oocyte from the zona pellucida is mediated by metallopeptidase activity†. Biol Reprod 2023; 108:81-97. [PMID: 36179245 PMCID: PMC9843679 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The fully grown mammalian oocyte is tightly attached to its extracellular matrix shell, the zona pellucida (ZP), but the oocyte detaches from the ZP shortly after ovulation is signaled. The mechanism by which the oocyte detaches from the ZP is unknown. Because ZP proteins are initially secreted as transmembrane proteins, we hypothesized that attachment of the oocyte to the ZP is mediated by transmembrane ZP proteins and that detachment occurs when these proteins are cleaved by peptidases. To identify potential candidates for the type of peptidase, we used mouse oocyte transcriptome data sets to identify candidate peptidases localized to the exterior of the oocyte. Screening with a set of small molecule inhibitors that broadly target the families of peptidases represented by the candidates, we found that only inhibitors of the M10 and M12 families of metallopeptidases prevented detachment. Using more selective inhibitors indicated that detachment was prevented by an inhibitor, GI254023X, developed to be selective for ADAM10 in the M12 family but not by those considered selective for the M10 family or for other M12 metallopeptidases expressed in oocytes. Using an antibody that binds to an epitope just distal to the likely cleavage site of murine ZP3 showed that this site was gradually lost from the oocyte surface during the period when detachment occurs and that inhibiting metallopeptidase activity prevented the loss of this epitope. Taken together, these results indicate that detachment of the oocyte from the ZP is mediated by a metallopeptidase.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chyna S Ortman
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jay M Baltz
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa Faculty of Medicine, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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13
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Canbay V, Auf dem Keller U. New links for meprin β within the protease web. FEBS J 2023; 290:76-79. [PMID: 36102354 PMCID: PMC10087362 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteases are organised in interconnected networks, together forming the protease web whose disturbance can have detrimental consequences for tissue homeostasis and response to environmental insults. Membrane-anchored sheddases are proteases that themselves can be released into the pericellular space by ectodomain shedding. Werny et al. have uncovered unexpected promiscuity in ectodomain shedding of meprin β, a metalloprotease with critical functions in inflammation and fibrosis. These findings suggest new links within complex proteolytic networks like the epidermal protease network with potential implications for skin homeostasis, inflammation and response to injury. Comment on: https://doi.org/10.1111/febs.16586.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahap Canbay
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ulrich Auf dem Keller
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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14
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Kwok HF, Yamamoto K, de Groot R, Scilabra SD, Santamaria S. Editorial: ADAM, ADAMTS and astacin proteases: Challenges and breakthroughs in the -Omics era-Volume II. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1172288. [PMID: 37091874 PMCID: PMC10119388 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1172288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, China
| | - Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rens de Groot
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Dario Scilabra
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Salvatore Santamaria,
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15
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Vanni I, Iacobone F, D’Agostino C, Giovannelli M, Pirisinu L, Altmeppen HC, Castilla J, Torres JM, Agrimi U, Nonno R. An optimized Western blot assay provides a comprehensive assessment of the physiological endoproteolytic processing of the prion protein. J Biol Chem 2022; 299:102823. [PMID: 36565989 PMCID: PMC9867980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The prion protein (PrPC) is subjected to several conserved endoproteolytic events producing bioactive fragments that are of increasing interest for their physiological functions and their implication in the pathogenesis of prion diseases and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, systematic and comprehensive investigations on the full spectrum of PrPC proteoforms have been hampered by the lack of methods able to identify all PrPC-derived proteoforms. Building on previous knowledge of PrPC endoproteolytic processing, we thus developed an optimized Western blot assay able to obtain the maximum information about PrPC constitutive processing and the relative abundance of PrPC proteoforms in a complex biological sample. This approach led to the concurrent identification of the whole spectrum of known endoproteolytic-derived PrPC proteoforms in brain homogenates, including C-terminal, N-terminal and, most importantly, shed PrPC-derived fragments. Endoproteolytic processing of PrPC was remarkably similar in the brain of widely used wild type and transgenic rodent models, with α-cleavage-derived C1 representing the most abundant proteoform and ADAM10-mediated shedding being an unexpectedly prominent proteolytic event. Interestingly, the relative amount of shed PrPC was higher in WT mice than in most other models. Our results indicate that constitutive endoproteolytic processing of PrPC is not affected by PrPC overexpression or host factors other than PrPC but can be impacted by PrPC primary structure. Finally, this method represents a crucial step in gaining insight into pathophysiological roles, biomarker suitability, and therapeutic potential of shed PrPC and for a comprehensive appraisal of PrPC proteoforms in therapies, drug screening, or in the progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Vanni
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
| | - Floriana Iacobone
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudia D’Agostino
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Matteo Giovannelli
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Pirisinu
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Joaquin Castilla
- Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) - CIC BioGUNE & IKERBasque, Bizkaia, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Maria Torres
- Centro de Investigación en Sanidad Animal (CISA-INIA-CSIC), Valdeolmos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Umberto Agrimi
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Romolo Nonno
- Department of Food Safety, Nutrition and Veterinary Public Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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16
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Wang G, Romero Y, Thevarajan I, Zolkiewska A. ADAM12 abrogation alters immune cell infiltration and improves response to checkpoint blockade therapy in the T11 murine model of triple-negative breast cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 12:2158006. [PMID: 36545255 PMCID: PMC9762783 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2158006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) impedes anti-tumor immune responses and contributes to immunotherapy resistance in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). ADAM12, a member of cell surface metalloproteases, is selectively upregulated in mesenchymal/claudin-low TNBCs, where its expression is largely restricted to tumor cells. The role of cancer cell-expressed ADAM12 in modulating the immune TME is not known. We show that Adam12 knockout in the T11 mouse syngeneic transplantation model of claudin-low TNBC leads to decreased numbers of tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs)/polymorphonuclear myeloid-derived suppressor cells (PMN-MDSCs) and increased numbers of tumor-infiltrating B cells and T cells. ADAM12 loss in cancer cells increases chemotaxis of B cells in vitro and this effect is eliminated by inhibition of CXCR4, a receptor for CXCL12, or anti-CXCL12 blocking antibody. Importantly, ADAM12 loss in T11 cancer cells sensitizes tumors to anti-PD1/anti-CTLA4 combination therapy, although the initial responsiveness is followed by acquired therapy resistance. Depletion of B cells in mice eliminates the improved response to immune checkpoint blockade of Adam12 knockout T11 tumors. Analysis of gene expression data for claudin-low TNBCs from the METABRIC patient cohort shows significant inverse correlations between ADAM12 and gene expression signatures of several anti-tumor immune cell populations, as well as a significant positive correlation between ADAM12 and gene expression signature of TINs/PMN-MDSCs. Collectively, these results implicate ADAM12 in immunosuppression within the TME in TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanpeng Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Yeni Romero
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Indhujah Thevarajan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - Anna Zolkiewska
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA,CONTACT Anna Zolkiewska Department of Biochemistry and molecular Biophysics, Kansas State University, 141 Chalmers Hall, Manhattan, KS66506, USA
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17
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Devel L, Guedeney N, Bregant S, Chowdhury A, Jean M, Legembre P. Role of metalloproteases in the CD95 signaling pathways. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1074099. [PMID: 36544756 PMCID: PMC9760969 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1074099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/08/2022] Open
Abstract
CD95L (also known as FasL or CD178) is a member of the tumor necrosis family (TNF) superfamily. Although this transmembrane ligand has been mainly considered as a potent apoptotic inducer in CD95 (Fas)-expressing cells, more recent studies pointed out its role in the implementation of non-apoptotic signals. Accordingly, this ligand has been associated with the aggravation of inflammation in different auto-immune disorders and in the metastatic occurrence in different cancers. Although it remains to decipher all key factors involved in the ambivalent role of this ligand, accumulating clues suggest that while the membrane bound CD95L triggers apoptosis, its soluble counterpart generated by metalloprotease-driven cleavage is responsible for its non-apoptotic functions. Nonetheless, the metalloproteases (MMPs and ADAMs) involved in the CD95L shedding, the cleavage sites and the different stoichiometries and functions of the soluble CD95L remain to be elucidated. To better understand how soluble CD95L triggers signaling pathways from apoptosis to inflammation or cell migration, we propose herein to summarize the different metalloproteases that have been described to be able to shed CD95L, their cleavage sites and the biological functions associated with the released ligands. Based on these new findings, the development of CD95/CD95L-targeting therapeutics is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Devel
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nicolas Guedeney
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR CNRS 6226 Equipe COrInt, Rennes, France
| | - Sarah Bregant
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, INRAE, Département Médicaments et Technologies pour la Santé (DMTS), SIMoS, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Animesh Chowdhury
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, West Bengal, India
| | - Mickael Jean
- Université de Rennes 1, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes - UMR CNRS 6226 Equipe COrInt, Rennes, France
| | - Patrick Legembre
- CRIBL UMR CNRS 7276 INSERM 1262, Université de Limoges, Rue Marcland, Limoges, France,*Correspondence: Patrick Legembre,
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18
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Habib G, Qureshi S. GAPCNN with HyPar: Global Average Pooling convolutional neural network with novel NNLU activation function and HYBRID parallelism. Front Comput Neurosci 2022; 16:1004988. [PMID: 36457992 PMCID: PMC9705740 DOI: 10.3389/fncom.2022.1004988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing demand for deep learning in the last few years, CNNs have been widely used in many applications and have gained interest in classification, regression, and image recognition tasks. The training of these deep neural networks is compute-intensive and takes days or even weeks to train the model from scratch. The compute-intensive nature of these deep neural networks sometimes limits the practical implementation of CNNs in real-time applications. Therefore, the computational speedup in these networks is of utmost importance, which generates interest in CNN training acceleration. Much research is going on to meet the computational requirement and make it feasible for real-time applications. Because of its simplicity, data parallelism is used primarily, but it performs badly sometimes. In most cases, researchers prefer model parallelism to data parallelism, but it is not always the best choice. Therefore, in this study, we implement a hybrid of both data and model parallelism to improve the computational speed without compromising accuracy. There is only a 1.5% accuracy drop in our proposed study with an increased speed up of 3.62X. Also, a novel activation function Normalized Non-linear Activation Unit NNLU is proposed to introduce non-linearity in the model. The activation unit is non-saturated and helps avoid the model's over-fitting. The activation unit is free from the vanishing gradient problem. Also, the fully connected layer in the proposed CNN model is replaced by the Global Average Pooling layers (GAP) to enhance the model's accuracy and computational performance. When tested on a bio-medical image dataset, the model achieves an accuracy of 98.89% and requires a training time of only 1 s. The model categorizes medical images into different categories of glioma, meningioma, and pituitary tumor. The model is compared with existing state-of-art techniques, and it is observed that the proposed model outperforms others in classification accuracy and computational speed. Also, results are observed for different optimizers', different learning rates, and various epoch numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gousia Habib
- Department of Computer Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology Srinagar, Srinagar, India
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19
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Kümper M, Steinkamp J, Zigrino P. Metalloproteinases in dermal homeostasis. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 323:C1290-C1303. [PMID: 36094433 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00450.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance of skin homeostasis is a highly regulated and complex process involving a continuous remodeling by several extracellular matrix proteases, including metalloproteinases. The expression and activity of all metalloproteinases are under strict control, and their deregulation is often associated with diseases or chronic conditions, thereby being considered popular targets for developing new therapeutics. This review will highlight metalloproteinases of the MMP and ADAM families with functions in dermal homeostasis and give some insights into the mechanisms regulating their activity and expression. Further, we discuss how the dysregulation of the most prominent family members affects dermal homeostasis by triggering disease development and influencing progression, focusing on cancer and aging. Here, recent discoveries and new approaches that target or exploit metalloproteinase activity in therapy are emphasized. The potential of naturally derived components in regulating metalloproteinase expression and activity in disease is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maike Kümper
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Joy Steinkamp
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
| | - Paola Zigrino
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Germany
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20
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Herd CS, Yu X, Cui Y, Franz AWE. Identification of the extracellular metallo-endopeptidases ADAM and ADAMTS in the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti. Insect Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 148:103815. [PMID: 35932972 DOI: 10.1016/j.ibmb.2022.103815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The mosquito Aedes aegypti is a major vector for dengue, Zika, yellow fever, and chikungunya (CHIKV) viruses, which cause significant morbidity and mortality among human populations in the tropical regions of the world. Following ingestion of a viremic bloodmeal from a vertebrate host, an arbovirus needs to productively infect the midgut epithelium of the mosquito. De novo synthesized virions then exit the midgut by traversing the surrounding basal lamina (BL) in order to disseminate to secondary tissues and infect those. Once the salivary glands are infected, the virus is transmitted to a vertebrate host along with saliva released during probing of the mosquito. Midgut tissue distention due to bloodmeal ingestion leads to remodeling of the midgut structure and facilitates virus dissemination from the organ. Previously, we described the matrix-metalloproteinases (MMP) of Ae. aegypti as zinc ion dependent endopeptidases (Metzincins) and showed MMP activity during midgut BL rearrangement as a consequence of bloodmeal ingestion and subsequent digestion thereby affecting arbovirus dissemination from the midgut. Here we investigate the ADAM/ADAMTS of Ae. aegypti, which form another major group of multi-domain proteinases within the Metzincin superfamily and are active during extra-cellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Seven different ADAM and five ADAMTS were identified in Ae. aegypti. The functional protein domain structures of the identified mosquito ADAM resembled those of human ADAM10, ADAM12, and ADAM17, while two of the five mosquito ADAMTS had human orthologs. Expression profiling of Ae. aegypti ADAM/ADAMTS in immature forms, whole body-females, midguts, and ovarian tissues showed transcriptional activity of the proteinases during metamorphosis, bloodmeal ingestion/digestion, and female reproduction. Custom-made antibodies to ADAM10a and ADAM12c showed that both were strongly expressed in midgut and ovarian tissues. Furthermore, transient silencing of ADAM12c significantly reduced the carcass infection rate with CHIKV at 24 h post-infection, while silencing of ADAM12a significantly increased viral titers in secondary tissues at the same time point. Our results indicate a functional specificity for several ADAM/ADAMTS in those selected mosquito tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christie S Herd
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Xiudao Yu
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
| | - Alexander W E Franz
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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21
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Dutta TK, Mandal A, Kundu A, Phani V, Mathur C, Veeresh A, Sreevathsa R. RNAi-mediated knockdown of gut receptor-like genes prohibitin and α-amylase altered the susceptibility of Galleria mellonella to Cry1AcF toxin. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:601. [PMID: 35982422 PMCID: PMC9389788 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08843-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Due to the prolonged usage of Bt-based biopesticides and Bt-transgenic crops worldwide, insects are continually developing resistance against Cry toxins. This resistance may occur if any mechanistic step in the insecticidal process is disrupted possibly because of the alteration in Cry-receptor binding affinity due to mutation in receptor genes. Compared to other lepidopteran insects, Cry receptor-related research has made asymmetric progress in the model insect Galleria mellonella. Results Present study describes the molecular characterization and functional analysis of five Cry toxin receptor-related genes (prohibitin, GLTP, α-amylase, ADAM and UDP-GT) and a gut repair gene (arylphorin) from the gut tissues of G. mellonella. Protein–protein docking analysis revealed that Cry1AcF putatively binds with all the five candidate proteins, suggesting their receptor-like function. These receptor-like genes were significantly overexpressed in the gut tissues of fourth-instar G. mellonella larvae upon early exposure to a sub-lethal dose of Cry1AcF toxin. However, targeted knockdown (by using bacterially-expressed dsRNAs) of these genes led to variable effect on insect susceptibility to Cry1AcF toxin. Insects pre-treated with prohibitin and α-amylase dsRNA exhibited significant reduction in Cry1AcF-induced mortality, suggesting their probable role as Cry receptor. By contrast, insects pre-treated with GLTP, ADAM and UDP-GT dsRNA exhibited no significant decline in mortality. This maybe explained by the possibility of RNAi feedback regulation (as few of the receptors belong to multigene family) or redundant role of GLTP, ADAM and UDP-GT in Cry intoxication process. Conclusion Since the laboratory culture of G. mellonella develop Bt resistance quite rapidly, findings of the current investigation may provide some useful information for future Cry receptor-related research in the model insect. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08843-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tushar K Dutta
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Abhishek Mandal
- Division of Agricultural Chemicals, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Artha Kundu
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Victor Phani
- Department of Agricultural Entomology, College of Agriculture, Uttar Banga Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Dakshin Dinajpur, Balurghat, West Bengal, India
| | - Chetna Mathur
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Arudhimath Veeresh
- Division of Nematology, ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012, India
| | - Rohini Sreevathsa
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012, India
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22
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Abstract
The Notch signaling pathway is a direct cell-cell communication system involved in a wide variety of biological processes, and its disruption is observed in several pathologies. The pathway is comprised of a ligand-expressing (sender) cell and a receptor-expressing (receiver) cell. The canonical ligands are members of the Delta/Serrate/Lag-1 (DSL) family of proteins. Their binding to a Notch receptor in a neighboring cell induces a conformational change in the receptor, which will undergo regulated intramembrane proteolysis (RIP), liberating the Notch intracellular domain (NICD). The NICD is translocated to the nucleus and promotes gene transcription. It has been demonstrated that the ligands can also undergo RIP and nuclear translocation, suggesting a function for the ligands in the sender cell and possible bidirectionality of the Notch pathway. Although the complete mechanism of ligand processing is not entirely understood, and its dependence on Notch receptors has not been ruled out. Also, ligands have autonomous functions beyond Notch activation. Here we review the concepts of reverse and bidirectional signalization of DSL proteins and discuss the characteristics that make them more than just ligands of the Notch pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elenaé Vázquez-Ulloa
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Kai-Lan Lin
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland
| | - Marcela Lizano
- Unidad de Investigación Biomédica en Cáncer, Instituto Nacional de Cancerología- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico.,Departamento de Medicina Genomica y Toxicología Ambiental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Faculty of Science and Engineering/Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Turku Bioscience, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, Turku, Finland.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.,Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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23
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Chandrasekera P, Perfetto M, Lu C, Zhuo M, Bahudhanapati H, Li J, Chen WC, Kulkarni P, Christian L, Liu J, Yien YY, Yu C, Wei S. Metalloprotease ADAM9 cleaves ephrin-B ligands and differentially regulates Wnt and mTOR signaling downstream of Akt kinase in colorectal cancer cells. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102225. [PMID: 35780836 PMCID: PMC9358476 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Ephrin-B signaling has been implicated in many normal and pathological processes, including neural crest development and tumor metastasis. We showed previously that proteolysis of ephrin-B ligands by the disintegrin metalloprotease ADAM13 is necessary for canonical Wnt signal activation and neural crest induction in Xenopus, but it was unclear if these mechanisms are conserved in mammals. Here, we report that mammalian ADAM9 cleaves ephrin-B1 and ephrin-B2 and can substitute for Xenopus ADAM13 to induce the neural crest. We found that ADAM9 expression is elevated in human colorectal cancer (CRC) tissues and that knockdown (KD) of ADAM9 inhibits the migration and invasion of SW620 and HCT116 CRC cells by reducing the activity of Akt kinase, which is antagonized by ephrin-Bs. Akt is a signaling node that activates multiple downstream pathways, including the Wnt and mTOR pathways, both of which can promote CRC cell migration/invasion. Surprisingly, we also found that KD of ADAM9 downregulates Wnt signaling but has negligible effects on mTOR signaling in SW620 cells; in contrast, mTOR activity is suppressed while Wnt signaling remains unaffected by ADAM9 KD in HCT116 cells. These results suggest that mammalian ADAM9 cleaves ephrin-Bs to derepress Akt and promote CRC migration and invasion; however, the signaling pathways downstream of Akt are differentially regulated by ADAM9 in different CRC cell lines, reflecting the heterogeneity of CRC cells in responding to manipulations of upstream Akt regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Perfetto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Congyu Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Minghui Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | | | - Jiejing Li
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA; Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Hospital of KMUST, Medical School, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Wei-Chih Chen
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Pallavi Kulkarni
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA
| | - Laura Christian
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Jun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Institute, West Virginia University School of Medicine, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Yvette Y Yien
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA; Pittsburgh Heart, Lung and Blood Vascular Medicine Institute and Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chundong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuo Wei
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, Delaware, USA.
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24
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de Seabra Rodrigues Dias IR, Cao Z, Kwok HF. Adamalysins in COVID-19 - Potential mechanisms behind exacerbating the disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112970. [PMID: 35658218 PMCID: PMC9010236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a current pandemic that has resulted in nearly 250 million cases and over 5 million deaths. While vaccines have been developed to prevent infection, and most COVID-19 cases end up being fairly light, there are severe cases of COVID-19 that may end up in death, even with adequate healthcare treatment. New options to combat this disease's effects, therefore, could prove to be invaluable in saving lives. Adamalysins are proteins that have several roles in regulating different functions in the human body but are also known to have functions in inflammation. They are also known to have roles in several different diseases, including COVID-19, where ADAM17, in particular, is now well-known to have a prominent role, but also several diseases which include comorbidities that may worsen cases of COVID-19. Therefore, investigating the functions of adamalysins in disease may give us clues to the molecular workings of COVID-19 as well as potentially new therapeutic targets. Understanding these molecular mechanisms may also allow for an understanding of the mechanisms behind the rare severe side effects that occur in response to current COVID-19 vaccines, which may lead to better monitoring measures for people who may be more at risk of developing these side effects. This review investigates the known roles and functions of adamalysins in disease, including what is currently known of their involvement in COVID-19, and how these functions might be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivo Ricardo de Seabra Rodrigues Dias
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
| | - Zhijian Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology and Modern Virology Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China,Co-corresponding author
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR,Institute of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR,Corresponding author at: Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Avenida de Universidade, Taipa, Macau SAR
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25
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Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Pączek S, Mroczko B. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase ( ADAM) Family-Novel Biomarkers of Selected Gastrointestinal (GI) Malignancies? Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14092307. [PMID: 35565436 PMCID: PMC9101749 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The global burden of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers is expected to increase. Therefore, it is vital that novel biomarkers useful for the early diagnosis of these malignancies are established. A growing body of data has linked secretion of proteolytic enzymes, such as metalloproteinases (MMPs), which destroy the extracellular matrix, to pathogenesis of GI tumours. A disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins belong to the MMP family but have been proven to be unique due to both proteolytic and adhesive properties. Recent investigations have demonstrated that the expression of several ADAMs is upregulated in GI cancer cells. Thus, the objective of this review is to present current findings concerning the role of ADAMs in the pathogenesis of GI cancers, particularly their involvement in the development and progression of colorectal, pancreatic and gastric cancer. Furthermore, the prognostic significance of selected ADAMs in patients with GI tumours is also presented. It has been proven that ADAM8, 9, 10, 12, 15, 17 and 28 might stimulate the proliferation and invasion of GI malignancies and may be associated with unfavourable survival. In conclusion, this review confirms the role of selected ADAMs in the pathogenesis of the most common GI cancers and indicates their promising significance as potential prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for GI malignancies. However, due to their non-specific nature, future research on ADAM biology should be performed to elucidate new strategies for the diagnosis of these common and deadly malignancies and treatment of patients with these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Sara Pączek
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, University Hospital of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University of Bialystok, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland
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26
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Bernegger S, Jarzab M, Wessler S, Posselt G. Proteolytic Landscapes in Gastric Pathology and Cancerogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:2419. [PMID: 35269560 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death, and a large proportion of cases are inseparably linked to infections with the bacterial pathogen and type I carcinogen Helicobacter pylori. The development of gastric cancer follows a cascade of transformative tissue events in an inflammatory environment. Proteases of host origin as well as H. pylori-derived proteases contribute to disease progression at every stage, from chronic gastritis to gastric cancer. In the present article, we discuss the importance of (metallo-)proteases in colonization, epithelial inflammation, and barrier disruption in tissue transformation, deregulation of cell proliferation and cell death, as well as tumor metastasis and neoangiogenesis. Proteases of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM) families, caspases, calpain, and the H. pylori proteases HtrA, Hp1012, and Hp0169 cleave substrates including extracellular matrix molecules, chemokines, and cytokines, as well as their cognate receptors, and thus shape the pathogenic microenvironment. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of how proteases contribute to disease progression in the gastric compartment.
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27
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Gellrich A, Scharfenberg F, Peters F, Sammel M, Helm O, Armbrust F, Schmidt F, Lokau J, Garbers C, Sebens S, Arnold P, Becker-Pauly C. Characterization of the Cancer-Associated Meprin Βeta Variants G45R and G89R. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:702341. [PMID: 34692768 PMCID: PMC8526939 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.702341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Meprin β is a metalloprotease associated with neurodegeneration, inflammation, extracellular matrix homeostasis, transendothelial cell migration, and cancer. In this study, we investigated two melanoma-associated variants of meprin β, both exhibiting a single amino acid exchange, namely, meprin β G45R and G89R. Based on the structural data of meprin β and with regard to the position of the amino acid exchanges, we hypothesized an increase in proteolytic activity in the case of the G45R variant due to the induction of a potential new activation site and a decrease in proteolytic activity from the G89R variant due to structural instability. Indeed, the G89R variant showed, overall, a reduced expression level compared to wild-type meprin β, accompanied by decreased activity and lower cell surface expression but strong accumulation in the endoplasmic reticulum. This was further supported by the analysis of the shedding of the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) by meprin β and its variants. In transfected HEK cells, the G89R variant was found to generate less soluble IL-6R, whereas the expression of meprin β G45R resulted in increased shedding of the IL-6R compared to wild-type meprin β and the G89R variant. A similar tendency of the induced shedding capacity of G45R was seen for the well-described meprin β substrate CD99. Furthermore, employing an assay for cell migration in a collagen IV matrix, we observed that the transfection of wild-type meprin β and the G45R variant resulted in increased migration of HeLa cells, while the G89R variant led to diminished mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Florian Peters
- Department of Ophthalmology, Laboratory for Retinal Cell Biology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Sammel
- Biochemical Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Ole Helm
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fred Armbrust
- Biochemical Institute, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Juliane Lokau
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Garbers
- Institute of Pathology, Otto-von-Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Philipp Arnold
- Institute of Functional and Clinical Anatomy, FAU Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Yamamoto K, de Groot R, Scilabra SD, Kwok HF, Santamaria S. Editorial: ADAM, ADAMTS and Astacin Proteases: Challenges and Breakthroughs in the -Omics Era. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:780242. [PMID: 34712699 PMCID: PMC8546316 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.780242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Rens de Groot
- Institute of Cardiovascular Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Simone Dario Scilabra
- Proteomics Group of Fondazione Ri.MED, Department of Research IRCCS ISMETT, Palermo, Italy
| | - Hang Fai Kwok
- Cancer Centre, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
- MOE Frontiers Science Center for Precision Oncology, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Salvatore Santamaria
- Department of Immunology and Inflammation, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
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29
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Nigam K, Srivastav RK. Notch signaling in oral pre-cancer and oral cancer. Med Oncol 2021; 38:139. [PMID: 34633549 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-021-01593-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Notch signaling involves cell to cell contact. It is an ancient signaling mechanism that is conserved throughout the animal kingdom. The basic function of Notch signaling is to decide cell fate and execute asymmetrical division. Notch signaling is indispensable for embryo growth. Aberrant Notch signaling involves in cancer progression by altering cell proliferation rate, tumor micro-environment, stem cell activities. The role of Notch signaling in cancer progression is context-dependent. In breast cancer and T cell lymphoma Notch signaling is highly active, whereas in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) as oral and skin cancer, the signaling is suppressed. It is believed that in SCC, Notch-mediated tumor growth is due to the cell non-autonomous function. Oral cancer is the 6th most risky cancer worldwide. In many patients, oral cancer is preceded by pre-cancer conditions. In this review, we have summarized the research knowledge related to the role of Notch signaling in oral cancer and pre-cancer conditions and the therapeutic options available targeting different components of Notch pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumud Nigam
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Lucknow Campus, Lucknow, 226028, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ratnesh Kumar Srivastav
- Department of Oral Pathology & Microbiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, 226003, India.
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30
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Łukaszewicz-Zając M, Dulewicz M, Mroczko B. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase ( ADAM) Family: Their Significance in Malignant Tumors of the Central Nervous System (CNS). Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910378. [PMID: 34638718 PMCID: PMC8508774 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the considerable advances in diagnostic methods in medicine, central nervous system (CNS) tumors, particularly the most common ones-gliomas-remain incurable, with similar incidence rates and mortality. A growing body of literature has revealed that degradation of the extracellular matrix by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) might be involved in the pathogenesis of CNS tumors. However, the subfamily of MMPs, known as disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) proteins are unique due to both adhesive and proteolytic activities. The objective of our review is to present the role of ADAMs in CNS tumors, particularly their involvement in the development of malignant gliomas. Moreover, we focus on the diagnostic and prognostic significance of selected ADAMs in patients with these neoplasms. It has been proven that ADAM12, ADAMTS4 and 5 are implicated in the proliferation and invasion of glioma cells. In addition, ADAM8 and ADAM19 are correlated with the invasive activity of glioma cells and unfavorable survival, while ADAM9, -10 and -17 are associated with tumor grade and histological type of gliomas and can be used as prognostic factors. In conclusion, several ADAMs might serve as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers as well as therapeutic targets for malignant CNS tumors. However, future research on ADAMs biology should be performed to elucidate new strategies for tumor diagnosis and treatment of patients with these malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Łukaszewicz-Zając
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-85-8318785; Fax: +48-85-8318585
| | - Maciej Dulewicz
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
| | - Barbara Mroczko
- Department of Biochemical Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
- Department of Neurodegeneration Diagnostics, Medical University, 15-269 Bialystok, Poland;
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31
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Ma X, Takahashi Y, Wu W, Liang W, Chen J, Chakraborty D, Li Y, Du Y, Benyajati S, Ma JX. ADAM17 mediates ectodomain shedding of the soluble VLDL receptor fragment in the retinal epithelium. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:101185. [PMID: 34509473 PMCID: PMC8487060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Very low-density lipoprotein receptor (VLDLR) is a multifunctional transmembrane protein. Beyond the function of the full-length VLDLR in lipid transport, the soluble ectodomain of VLDLR (sVLDLR) confers anti-inflammatory and antiangiogenic roles in ocular tissues through inhibition of canonical Wnt signaling. However, it remains unknown how sVLDLR is shed into the extracellular space. In this study, we present the first evidence that a disintegrin and metalloprotease 17 (ADAM17) is responsible for sVLDLR shedding in human retinal pigment epithelium cells using pharmacological and genetic approaches. Among selected proteinase inhibitors, an ADAM17 inhibitor demonstrated the most potent inhibitory effect on sVLDLR shedding. siRNA-mediated knockdown or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated KO of ADAM17 diminished, whereas plasmid-mediated overexpression of ADAM17 promoted sVLDLR shedding. The amount of shed sVLDLR correlated with an inhibitory effect on the Wnt signaling pathway. Consistent with these in vitro findings, intravitreal injection of an ADAM17 inhibitor reduced sVLDLR levels in the extracellular matrix in the mouse retina. In addition, our results demonstrated that ADAM17 cleaved VLDLR only in cells coexpressing these proteins, suggesting that shedding occurs in a cis manner. Moreover, our study demonstrated that aberrant activation of Wnt signaling was associated with decreased sVLDLR levels, along with downregulation of ADAM17 in ocular tissues of an age-related macular degeneration model. Taken together, our observations reveal the mechanism underlying VLDLR cleavage and identify a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of disorders associated with dysregulation of Wnt signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wenjing Wu
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Wentao Liang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jianglei Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Dibyendu Chakraborty
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yangxiong Li
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Yanhong Du
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Siribhinya Benyajati
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA.
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32
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Dexter E, Kong Q. Neuroprotective effect and potential of cellular prion protein and its cleavage products for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders part II: strategies for therapeutics development. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:983-991. [PMID: 34470554 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1965882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: The cellular prion protein (PrPC), some of its derivatives (especially PrP N-terminal N1 peptide and shed PrP), and PrPC-containing exosomes have strong neuroprotective activities, which have been reviewed in the companion article (Part I) and are briefly summarized here.Areas covered: We propose that elevating the extracellular levels of a protective PrP form using gene therapy and other approaches is a very promising novel avenue for prophylactic and therapeutic treatments against prion disease, Alzheimer's disease, and several other neurodegenerative diseases. We will dissect the pros and cons of various potential PrP-based treatment options and propose a few strategies that are more likely to succeed. The cited references were obtained from extensive PubMed searches of recent literature, including peer-reviewed original articles and review articles.Expert opinion: Concurrent knockdown of celllular PrP expression and elevation of the extracellular levels of a neuroprotective PrP N-terminal peptide via optimized gene therapy vectors is a highly promising broad-spectrum prophylactic and therapeutic strategy against several neurodegenerative diseases, including prion diseases, Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dexter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Qingzhong Kong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Dexter E, Kong Q. Neuroprotective effect and potential of cellular prion protein and its cleavage products for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders part I. a literature review. Expert Rev Neurother 2021; 21:969-982. [PMID: 34470561 DOI: 10.1080/14737175.2021.1965881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The cellular prion protein (PrPC) is well known for its pathogenic roles in prion diseases, several other neurodegenerative diseases (such as Alzheimer's disease), and multiple types of cancer, but the beneficial aspects of PrPC and its cleavage products received much less attention. AREAS COVERED Here the authors will systematically review the literatures on the negative as well as protective aspects of PrPC and its derivatives (especially PrP N-terminal N1 peptide and shed PrP). The authors will dissect the current findings on N1 and shed PrP, including evidence for their neuroprotective effects, the categories of PrPC cleavage, and numerous cleavage enzymes involved. The authors will also discuss the protective effects and therapeutic potentials of PrPC-rich exosomes. The cited articles were obtained from extensive PubMed searches of recent literature, including peer-reviewed original articles and review articles. EXPERT OPINION PrP and its N-terminal fragments have strong neuroprotective activities that should be explored for therapeutics and prophylactics development against prion disease, Alzheimer's disease and a few other neurodegenerative diseases. The strategies to develop PrP-based therapeutics and prophylactics for these neurodegenerative diseases will be discussed in a companion article (Part II).
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Dexter
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
| | - Qingzhong Kong
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA.,Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, USA
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Chirumamilla SK, Banala VT, Jamei M, Turner DB. Mechanistic PBPK Modelling to Predict the Advantage of the Salt Form of a Drug When Dosed with Acid Reducing Agents. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1169. [PMID: 34452130 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Acid reducing agents (ARAs) reduce the dissolution rate of weakly basic drugs in the stomach potentially leading to lower bioavailability. Formulating the API as a rapidly dissolving salt is one strategy employed to reduce the impact of ARAs on dissolution of such drugs. In the present work, a model drug was selected with an immediate release formulation of the free base dosed in both the absence and presence of the ARA famotidine. In the latter case, bioavailability is restricted and several salt formulations were investigated. To simulate these drug products a mechanistic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was built using the Simcyp Simulator, which illustrates the advantage of formulating an API as a salt compared to the free base form. The simulations use a mechanistic salt model utilising knowledge of the solubility product which was applied to predict the salt advantage. The developed PBPK model exemplifies that it can be critical to account for the surface pH and solubility when modelling the dissolution of low pKa bases and their salts in the gastric environment. In particular, the mechanistic salt model can be used to aid in screening and salt form selection where the aim is to mitigate effects of ARAs.
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Mattila SO, Tuhkanen HE, Lackman JJ, Konzack A, Morató X, Argerich J, Saftig P, Ciruela F, Petäjä-Repo UE. GPR37 is processed in the N-terminal ectodomain by ADAM10 and furin. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21654. [PMID: 34042202 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002385rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
GPR37 is an orphan G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) implicated in several neurological diseases and important physiological pathways in the brain. We previously reported that its long N-terminal ectodomain undergoes constitutive metalloprotease-mediated cleavage and shedding, which have been rarely described for class A GPCRs. Here, we demonstrate that the protease that cleaves GPR37 at Glu167↓Gln168 is a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10). This was achieved by employing selective inhibition, RNAi-mediated downregulation, and genetic depletion of ADAM10 in cultured cells as well as in vitro cleavage of the purified receptor with recombinant ADAM10. In addition, the cleavage was restored in ADAM10 knockout cells by overexpression of the wild type but not the inactive mutant ADAM10. Finally, postnatal conditional depletion of ADAM10 in mouse neuronal cells was found to reduce cleavage of the endogenous receptor in the brain cortex and hippocampus, confirming the physiological relevance of ADAM10 as a GPR37 sheddase. Additionally, we discovered that the receptor is subject to another cleavage step in cultured cells. Using site-directed mutagenesis, the site (Arg54↓Asp55) was localized to a highly conserved region at the distal end of the ectodomain that contains a recognition site for the proprotein convertase furin. The cleavage by furin was confirmed by using furin-deficient human colon carcinoma LoVo cells and proprotein convertase inhibitors. GPR37 is thus the first multispanning membrane protein that has been validated as an ADAM10 substrate and the first GPCR that is processed by both furin and ADAM10. The unconventional N-terminal processing may represent an important regulatory element for GPR37.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Orvokki Mattila
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Hanna E Tuhkanen
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Jarkko J Lackman
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anja Konzack
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Xavier Morató
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Argerich
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Kiel University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Francisco Ciruela
- Unitat de Farmacologia, Departament de Patologia i Terapèutica Experimental, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, IDIBELL, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ulla E Petäjä-Repo
- Medical Research Center Oulu, Research Unit of Biomedicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Dräger O, Metz K, Busch M, Dünker N. Role of L1CAM in retinoblastoma tumorigenesis: identification of novel therapeutic targets. Mol Oncol 2021; 16:957-981. [PMID: 34228897 PMCID: PMC8847994 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The study presented focuses on the role of the neuronal cell adhesion molecule L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) in retinoblastoma (RB), the most common malignant intraocular childhood tumor. L1CAM is differentially expressed in a variety of human cancers and has been suggested as a promising therapeutic target. We likewise observed differential expression patterns for L1CAM in RB cell lines and patient samples. The two proteases involved in ectodomain shedding of L1CAM (L1CAM sheddases: ADAM10 and ADAM17) were likewise differentially expressed in the RB cell lines investigated, and an involvement in L1CAM processing in RB cells could be verified. We also identified ezrin, galectin-3, and fibroblast growth factor basic as L1CAM signaling target genes in RB cells. Lentiviral L1CAM knockdown induced apoptosis and reduced cell viability, proliferation, growth, and colony formation capacity of RB cells, whereas L1CAM-overexpressing RB cells displayed the opposite effects. Chicken chorioallantoic membrane assays revealed that L1CAM depletion decreases the tumorigenic and migration potential of RB cells in vivo. Moreover, L1CAM depletion decreased viability and tumor growth of etoposide-resistant RB cell lines upon etoposide treatment in vitro and in vivo. Thus, L1CAM and its processing sheddases are potential novel targets for future therapeutic RB approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Dräger
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Klaus Metz
- Institute of Pathology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Maike Busch
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
| | - Nicole Dünker
- Institute of Anatomy II, Department of Neuroanatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Medical Faculty, Germany
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Ramon-Luing LA, Ocaña-Guzman R, Téllez-Navarrete NA, Preciado-García M, Romero-Rodríguez DP, Espinosa E, Reyes-Terán G, Chavez-Galan L. High Levels of TNF-α and TIM-3 as a Biomarker of Immune Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome in People with HIV Infection. Life (Basel) 2021; 11:527. [PMID: 34198803 DOI: 10.3390/life11060527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an exacerbated immune response that can occur to HIV+ patients after initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). IRIS pathogenesis is unclear, but dysfunctional and exhausted cells have been reported in IRIS patients, and the TIM-3/Gal-9 axis has been associated with chronic phases of viral infection. This study aimed to evaluate the soluble levels of TIM-3 and Gal-9 and their relationship with IRIS development. TIM-3, Gal-9, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, TNFR1, TNFR2, E-cadherin, ADAM10, and ADAM17 were measured to search for IRIS-associated biomarkers in plasma samples from 0-, 4-, 8-, 12-, and 24-weeks after ART initiation of 61 HIV+ patients (15 patients developed IRIS, and 46 did not). We found that patients who developed IRIS had higher levels of TIM-3 [median 4806, IQR: 3206-6182] at the time of the IRIS events, compared to any other follow-up time evaluated in these patients or compared with a control group of patients who did not develop IRIS. Similarly, IRIS patients had a higher TNF-α level [median 10.89, IQR: 8.36-12.34] at IRIS events than any other follow-up time evaluated. Other molecules related to the TIM-3 and TNF-α pathway (Gal-9, IL-6, IFN-γ, TNFR1, TNFR2, ADAM-10, and ADAM-17) did not change during the IRIS events. In conclusion, our data suggest that a high level of soluble TIM-3 and TNF-α could be used as an IRIS biomarker.
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Tosetti F, Alessio M, Poggi A, Zocchi MR. ADAM10 Site-Dependent Biology: Keeping Control of a Pervasive Protease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094969. [PMID: 34067041 PMCID: PMC8124674 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Revised: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Enzymes, once considered static molecular machines acting in defined spatial patterns and sites of action, move to different intra- and extracellular locations, changing their function. This topological regulation revealed a close cross-talk between proteases and signaling events involving post-translational modifications, membrane tyrosine kinase receptors and G-protein coupled receptors, motor proteins shuttling cargos in intracellular vesicles, and small-molecule messengers. Here, we highlight recent advances in our knowledge of regulation and function of A Disintegrin And Metalloproteinase (ADAM) endopeptidases at specific subcellular sites, or in multimolecular complexes, with a special focus on ADAM10, and tumor necrosis factor-α convertase (TACE/ADAM17), since these two enzymes belong to the same family, share selected substrates and bioactivity. We will discuss some examples of ADAM10 activity modulated by changing partners and subcellular compartmentalization, with the underlying hypothesis that restraining protease activity by spatial segregation is a complex and powerful regulatory tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Tosetti
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Massimo Alessio
- Proteome Biochemistry, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Poggi
- Molecular Oncology and Angiogenesis Unit, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico S. Martino Largo R. Benzi 10, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
| | - Maria Raffaella Zocchi
- Division of Immunology, Transplants and Infectious Diseases, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, 20132 Milan, Italy;
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Ieguchi K, Tomita T, Takao T, Omori T, Mishima T, Shimizu I, Tognolini M, Lodola A, Tsunoda T, Kobayashi S, Wada S, Maru Y. Analysis of ADAM12-Mediated Ephrin-A1 Cleavage and Its Biological Functions. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2480. [PMID: 33804570 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence indicates that an elevated ephrin-A1 expression is positively correlated with a worse prognosis in some cancers such as colon and liver cancer. The detailed mechanism of an elevated ephrin-A1 expression in a worse prognosis still remains to be fully elucidated. We previously reported that ADAM12-cleaved ephrin-A1 enhanced lung vascular permeability and thereby induced lung metastasis. However, it is still unclear whether or not cleaved forms of ephrin-A1 are derived from primary tumors and have biological activities. We identified the ADAM12-mediated cleavage site of ephrin-A1 by a Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry and checked levels of ephrin-A1 in the serum and the urine derived from the primary tumors by using a mouse model. We found elevated levels of tumor-derived ephrin-A1 in the serum and the urine in the tumor-bearing mice. Moreover, inhibition of ADAM-mediated cleavage of ephrin-A1 or antagonization of the EphA receptors resulted in a significant reduction of lung metastasis. The results suggest that tumor-derived ephrin-A1 is not only a potential biomarker to predict lung metastasis from the primary tumor highly expressing ephrin-A1 but also a therapeutic target of lung metastasis.
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Kang TZE, Zhu L, Yang D, Ding D, Zhu X, Wan YCE, Liu J, Ramakrishnan S, Chan LL, Chan SY, Wang X, Gan H, Han J, Ishibashi T, Li Q, Chan KM. The elevated transcription of ADAM19 by the oncohistone H2BE76K contributes to oncogenic properties in breast cancer. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100374. [PMID: 33548228 PMCID: PMC7949156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent discovery of the cancer-associated E76K mutation in histone H2B (H2BE76-to-K) in several types of cancers revealed a new class of oncohistone. H2BE76K weakens the stability of histone octamers, alters gene expression, and promotes colony formation. However, the mechanism linking the H2BE76K mutation to cancer development remains largely unknown. In this study, we knock in the H2BE76K mutation in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells using CRISPR/Cas9 and show that the E76K mutant histone H2B preferentially localizes to genic regions. Interestingly, genes upregulated in the H2BE76K mutant cells are enriched for the E76K mutant H2B and are involved in cell adhesion and proliferation pathways. We focused on one H2BE76K target gene, ADAM19 (a disintegrin and metalloproteinase-domain-containing protein 19), a gene highly expressed in various human cancers including breast invasive carcinoma, and demonstrate that H2BE76K directly promotes ADAM19 transcription by facilitating efficient transcription along the gene body. ADAM19 depletion reduced the colony formation ability of the H2BE76K mutant cells, whereas wild-type MDA-MB-231 cells overexpressing ADAM19 mimics the colony formation phenotype of the H2BE76K mutant cells. Collectively, our data demonstrate the mechanism by which H2BE76K deregulates the expression of genes that control oncogenic properties through a combined effect of its specific genomic localization and nucleosome destabilization effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tze Zhen Evangeline Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lina Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Du Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Dongbo Ding
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Zhu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Ching Esther Wan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiaxian Liu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Saravanan Ramakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Landon Long Chan
- Department of Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, China
| | - Siu Yuen Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haiyun Gan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Synthetic Genomics, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Junhong Han
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, West China Medical School, Sichuan University, Sichuan, China
| | - Toyotaka Ishibashi
- Division of Life Science, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, School of Life Sciences and Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Peking, China
| | - Kui Ming Chan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Key Laboratory of Biochip Technology, Biotech and Health Centre, Shenzhen Research Institute of City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China.
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Morsing SKH, Rademakers T, Brouns SLN, van Stalborch AMD, Donners MMPC, van Buul JD. ADAM10-Mediated Cleavage of ICAM-1 Is Involved in Neutrophil Transendothelial Migration. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020232. [PMID: 33504031 PMCID: PMC7911467 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
To efficiently cross the endothelial barrier during inflammation, neutrophils first firmly adhere to the endothelial surface using the endothelial adhesion molecule ICAM-1. Upon actual transmigration, the release from ICAM-1 is required. While Integrin LFA1/Mac1 de-activation is one described mechanism that leads to this, direct cleavage of ICAM-1 from the endothelium represents a second option. We found that a disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) cleaves the extracellular domain of ICAM-1 from the endothelial surface. Silencing or inhibiting endothelial ADAM10 impaired the efficiency of neutrophils to cross the endothelium, suggesting that neutrophils use endothelial ADAM10 to dissociate from ICAM-1. Indeed, when measuring transmigration kinetics, neutrophils took almost twice as much time to finish the diapedesis step when ADAM10 was silenced. Importantly, we found increased levels of ICAM-1 on the transmigrating neutrophils when crossing an endothelial monolayer where such increased levels were not detected when neutrophils crossed bare filters. Using ICAM-1-GFP-expressing endothelial cells, we show that ICAM-1 presence on the neutrophils can also occur by membrane transfer from the endothelium to the neutrophil. Based on these findings, we conclude that endothelial ADAM10 contributes in part to neutrophil transendothelial migration by cleaving ICAM-1, thereby supporting the release of neutrophils from the endothelium during the final diapedesis step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia K. H. Morsing
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.K.H.M.); (T.R.); (S.L.N.B.); (A.-M.D.v.S.)
| | - Timo Rademakers
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.K.H.M.); (T.R.); (S.L.N.B.); (A.-M.D.v.S.)
| | - Sanne L. N. Brouns
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.K.H.M.); (T.R.); (S.L.N.B.); (A.-M.D.v.S.)
| | - Anne-Marieke D. van Stalborch
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.K.H.M.); (T.R.); (S.L.N.B.); (A.-M.D.v.S.)
| | - Marjo M. P. C. Donners
- Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, P. Debyelaan 25, 6229 HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.M.P.C.D.); (J.D.v.B.); Tel.: +31-43-3877167 (M.M.P.C.D.); +31-20-5121219 (J.D.v.B.); Fax: +31-20-5123310 (J.D.v.B.)
| | - Jaap D. van Buul
- Molecular Cell Biology Lab, Department Molecular and Cellular Homeostasis, Sanquin Research and Landsteiner Laboratory, University of Amsterdam, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (S.K.H.M.); (T.R.); (S.L.N.B.); (A.-M.D.v.S.)
- Leeuwenhoek Centre for Advanced Microscopy (LCAM), Section Molecular Cytology at Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences (SILS), University of Amsterdam, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: (M.M.P.C.D.); (J.D.v.B.); Tel.: +31-43-3877167 (M.M.P.C.D.); +31-20-5121219 (J.D.v.B.); Fax: +31-20-5123310 (J.D.v.B.)
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Bhattacharya A, Ashouri R, Fangman M, Mazur A, Garett T, Doré S. Soluble Receptors Affecting Stroke Outcomes: Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Tools. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1108. [PMID: 33498620 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Soluble receptors are widely understood to be freestanding moieties formed via cleavage from their membrane-bound counterparts. They have unique structures, are found among various receptor families, and have intriguing mechanisms of generation and release. Soluble receptors’ ability to exhibit pleiotropic action by receptor modulation or by exhibiting a dual role in cytoprotection and neuroinflammation is concentration dependent and has continually mystified researchers. Here, we have compiled findings from preclinical and clinical studies to provide insights into the role of soluble/decoy receptors, focusing on the soluble cluster of differentiation 36, the soluble cluster of differentiation 163, and soluble lipoprotein-related protein 1 (sCD36, sCD163, and sLRP1, respectively) and the functions they could likely serve in the management of stroke, as they would notably regulate the bioavailability of the hemoglobin and heme after red blood cell lysis. The key roles that these soluble receptors play in inflammation, oxidative stress, and the related pharmacotherapeutic potential in improving stroke outcomes are described. The precise pleiotropic physiological functions of soluble receptors remain unclear, and further scientific investigation/validation is required to establish their respective role in diagnosis and therapy.
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Wu J, Heemskerk JWM, Baaten CCFMJ. Platelet Membrane Receptor Proteolysis: Implications for Platelet Function. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 7:608391. [PMID: 33490118 PMCID: PMC7820117 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.608391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The activities of adhesion and signaling receptors in platelets are controlled by several mechanisms. An important way of regulation is provided by proteolytic cleavage of several of these receptors, leading to either a gain or a loss of platelet function. The proteases involved are of different origins and types: (i) present as precursor in plasma, (ii) secreted into the plasma by activated platelets or other blood cells, or (iii) intracellularly activated and cleaving cytosolic receptor domains. We provide a comprehensive overview of the proteases acting on the platelet membrane. We describe how these are activated, which are their target proteins, and how their proteolytic activity modulates platelet functions. The review focuses on coagulation-related proteases, plasmin, matrix metalloproteinases, ADAM(TS) isoforms, cathepsins, caspases, and calpains. We also describe how the proteolytic activities are determined by different platelet populations in a thrombus and conversely how proteolysis contributes to the formation of such populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayu Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Johan W M Heemskerk
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Constance C F M J Baaten
- Department of Biochemistry, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands.,Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR), University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule (RWTH) Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Yuan Z, Gao S, Hu Z, Dai L, Hou H, Chu F, Wu X. Ultimate jumping of coalesced droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces. J Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 587:429-436. [PMID: 33383432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Jumping of coalesced droplets on superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) is widely used for enhanced condensation, anti-icing/frosting, and self-cleaning due to its superior droplet transport capability. However, because only a tiny fraction (about 5%) of the released excess surface energy during coalescence can be transformed into jumping kinetic energy, the jumping is very weak, limiting its application. METHODS We experimentally propose enhanced jumping methods, use machine learning to design structures that achieve ultimate jumping, and finally combine experiments and simulations to investigate the mechanism of the enhanced jumping. FINDING We find that a more orderly flow inside the droplets through the structure is the key to improve energy transfer efficiency and that the egg tray-like structure enables the droplet to jump with an energy transfer efficiency 10.6 times higher than that of jumping on flat surfaces. This energy transfer efficiency is very close to the theoretical limit, i.e., almost all the released excess surface energy is transformed into jumping kinetic energy after overcoming viscous dissipation. The ultimate jumping enhances the application of water droplet jumping and enables other low surface energy fluid such as R22, R134a, Gasoline, and Ethanol, which cannot jump on a flat surface, to jump.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiping Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Sihang Gao
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - ZhiFeng Hu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Liyu Dai
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Huimin Hou
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Fuqiang Chu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiaomin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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Pinci F, Gaidt MM, Jung C, Kuut G, Jackson MA, Bauernfried S, Hornung V. C-tag TNF: a reporter system to study TNF shedding. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:18065-18075. [PMID: 33082141 PMCID: PMC7939438 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.015248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
TNF is a highly pro-inflammatory cytokine that contributes not only to the regulation of immune responses but also to the development of severe inflammatory diseases. TNF is synthesized as a transmembrane protein, which is further matured via proteolytic cleavage by metalloproteases such as ADAM17, a process known as shedding. At present, TNF is mainly detected by measuring the precursor or the mature cytokine of bulk cell populations by techniques such as ELISA or immunoblotting. However, these methods do not provide information on the exact timing and extent of TNF cleavage at single-cell resolution and they do not allow the live visualization of shedding events. Here, we generated C-tag TNF as a genetically encoded reporter to study TNF shedding at the single-cell level. The functionality of the C-tag TNF reporter is based on the exposure of a cryptic epitope on the C terminus of the transmembrane portion of pro-TNF on cleavage. In both denatured and nondenatured samples, this epitope can be detected by a nanobody in a highly sensitive and specific manner only upon TNF shedding. As such, C-tag TNF can successfully be used for the detection of TNF cleavage in flow cytometry and live-cell imaging applications. We furthermore demonstrate its applicability in a forward genetic screen geared toward the identification of genetic regulators of TNF maturation. In summary, the C-tag TNF reporter can be employed to gain novel insights into the complex regulation of ADAM-dependent TNF shedding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Pinci
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Moritz M Gaidt
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Christophe Jung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Gunnar Kuut
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Margaret A Jackson
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Stefan Bauernfried
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Veit Hornung
- Gene Center and Department of Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany.
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Babendreyer A, Rojas-González DM, Giese AA, Fellendorf S, Düsterhöft S, Mela P, Ludwig A. Differential Induction of the ADAM17 Regulators iRhom1 and 2 in Endothelial Cells. Front Cardiovasc Med 2020; 7:610344. [PMID: 33335915 PMCID: PMC7736406 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2020.610344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Endothelial function significantly depends on the proteolytic release of surface expressed signal molecules, their receptors and adhesion molecules via the metalloproteinase ADAM17. The pseudoproteases iRhom1 and 2 independently function as adapter proteins for ADAM17 and are essential for the maturation, trafficking, and activity regulation of ADAM17. Bioinformatic data confirmed that immune cells predominantly express iRhom2 while endothelial cells preferentially express iRhom1. Objective: Here, we investigate possible reasons for higher iRhom1 expression and potential inflammatory regulation of iRhom2 in endothelial cells and analyze the consequences for ADAM17 maturation and function. Methods: Primary endothelial cells were cultured in absence and presence of flow with and without inflammatory cytokines (TNFα and INFγ). Regulation of iRhoms was studied by qPCR, involved signaling pathways were studied with transcriptional inhibitors and consequences were analyzed by assessment of ADAM17 maturation, surface expression and cleavage of the ADAM17 substrate junctional adhesion molecule JAM-A. Results: Endothelial iRhom1 is profoundly upregulated by physiological shear stress. This is accompanied by a homeostatic phenotype driven by the transcription factor KLF2 which is, however, only partially responsible for regulation of iRhom1. By contrast, iRhom2 is most prominently upregulated by inflammatory cytokines. This correlates with an inflammatory phenotype driven by the transcription factors NFκB and AP-1 of which AP-1 is most relevant for iRhom2 regulation. Finally, shear stress exposure and inflammatory stimulation have independent and no synergistic effects on ADAM17 maturation, surface expression and JAM-A shedding. Conclusion: Conditions of shear stress and inflammation differentially upregulate iRhom1 and 2 in primary endothelial cells which then results in independent regulation of ADAM17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Babendreyer
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Diana M Rojas-González
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Anja Adelina Giese
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sandra Fellendorf
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Düsterhöft
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Petra Mela
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Munich School of BioEngineering, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | - Andreas Ludwig
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, University Hospital Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen, Aachen, Germany
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Qi B, Liu H, Dong Y, Shi X, Zhou Q, Zeng F, Bao N, Li Q, Yuan Y, Yao L, Xia S. The nine ADAMs family members serve as potential biomarkers for immune infiltration in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9736. [PMID: 33062410 PMCID: PMC7532768 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The functional significance of ADAMs family members in the immune infiltration of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD) awaits elucidation. Methods ADAMs family members with significant expression were identified among differentially expressed genes of PAAD based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database followed by a verification based on the Oncomine database. The correlation of ADAMs in PAAD was estimated with the Spearman’s rho value. The pathway enrichment of ADAMs was performed by STRING and GSEALite, respectively. The protein–protein interaction and Gene Ontology analyses of ADAMs and their similar genes were exanimated in STRING and visualized by Cytoscape. Subsequently, the Box-Whisker plot was used to show a correlation between ADAMs and different tumor grade 1/2/3/4 with Student’s t-test. TIMER was applied to estimate a correlation of ADAMs expressions with immune infiltrates and immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapy-related molecules. Furthermore, the effect of copy number variation (CNV) of ADAMs genes was assessed on the immune infiltration levels. Result ADAM8/9/10/12/15/19/28/TS2/TS12 were over-expressed in PAAD. Most of the nine ADAMs had a significant correlation. ADAM8/12/15/19 expression was remarkably increased in the comparison between grade 1 and grade 2/3 of PAAD. ADAM8/9/10/12/19/28/TS2/TS12 had a positive correlation with almost five immune infiltrates. ADAM12/19/TS2/TS12 dramatically related with ICB immunotherapy-related molecules. CNV of ADAMs genes potentially influenced the immune infiltration levels. Conclusion Knowledge of the expression level of the ADAMs family could provide a reasonable strategy for improved immunotherapies to PAAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Qi
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Han Liu
- College of Stomatology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Gastrointestinal Department, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xueying Shi
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Fen Zeng
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Nabuqi Bao
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qian Li
- Institute (College) of Integrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Yao
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shilin Xia
- Clinical Laboratory of Integrative Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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Roy S, Chowdhury A, McCreadie K, Prasad G. Deep Learning Based Inter-subject Continuous Decoding of Motor Imagery for Practical Brain-Computer Interfaces. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:918. [PMID: 33100953 PMCID: PMC7554529 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Inter-subject transfer learning is a long-standing problem in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) and has not yet been fully realized due to high inter-subject variability in the brain signals related to motor imagery (MI). The recent success of deep learning-based algorithms in classifying different brain signals warrants further exploration to determine whether it is feasible for the inter-subject continuous decoding of MI signals to provide contingent neurofeedback which is important for neurorehabilitative BCI designs. In this paper, we have shown how a convolutional neural network (CNN) based deep learning framework can be used for inter-subject continuous decoding of MI related electroencephalographic (EEG) signals using the novel concept of Mega Blocks for adapting the network against inter-subject variabilities. These Mega Blocks have the capacity to repeat a specific architectural block several times such as one or more convolutional layers in a single Mega Block. The parameters of such Mega Blocks can be optimized using Bayesian hyperparameter optimization. The results, obtained on the publicly available BCI competition IV-2b dataset, yields an average inter-subject continuous decoding accuracy of 71.49% (κ = 0.42) and 70.84% (κ = 0.42) for two different training methods such as adaptive moment estimation (Adam) and stochastic gradient descent (SGDM), respectively, in 7 out of 9 subjects. Our results show for the first time that it is feasible to use CNN based architectures for inter-subject continuous decoding with a sufficient level of accuracy for developing calibration-free MI-BCIs for practical purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujit Roy
- School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Anirban Chowdhury
- School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
| | - Karl McCreadie
- School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Girijesh Prasad
- School of Computing, Engineering & Intelligent Systems, Ulster University, Derry-Londonderry, United Kingdom
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Koo CZ, Harrison N, Noy PJ, Szyroka J, Matthews AL, Hsia HE, Müller SA, Tüshaus J, Goulding J, Willis K, Apicella C, Cragoe B, Davis E, Keles M, Malinova A, McFarlane TA, Morrison PR, Nguyen HTH, Sykes MC, Ahmed H, Di Maio A, Seipold L, Saftig P, Cull E, Pliotas C, Rubinstein E, Poulter NS, Briddon SJ, Holliday ND, Lichtenthaler SF, Tomlinson MG. The tetraspanin Tspan15 is an essential subunit of an ADAM10 scissor complex. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:12822-12839. [PMID: 32111735 PMCID: PMC7476718 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is a transmembrane protein essential for embryonic development, and its dysregulation underlies disorders such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, and inflammation. ADAM10 is a "molecular scissor" that proteolytically cleaves the extracellular region from >100 substrates, including Notch, amyloid precursor protein, cadherins, growth factors, and chemokines. ADAM10 has been recently proposed to function as six distinct scissors with different substrates, depending on its association with one of six regulatory tetraspanins, termed TspanC8s. However, it remains unclear to what degree ADAM10 function critically depends on a TspanC8 partner, and a lack of monoclonal antibodies specific for most TspanC8s has hindered investigation of this question. To address this knowledge gap, here we designed an immunogen to generate the first monoclonal antibodies targeting Tspan15, a model TspanC8. The immunogen was created in an ADAM10-knockout mouse cell line stably overexpressing human Tspan15, because we hypothesized that expression in this cell line would expose epitopes that are normally blocked by ADAM10. Following immunization of mice, this immunogen strategy generated four Tspan15 antibodies. Using these antibodies, we show that endogenous Tspan15 and ADAM10 co-localize on the cell surface, that ADAM10 is the principal Tspan15-interacting protein, that endogenous Tspan15 expression requires ADAM10 in cell lines and primary cells, and that a synthetic ADAM10/Tspan15 fusion protein is a functional scissor. Furthermore, two of the four antibodies impaired ADAM10/Tspan15 activity. These findings suggest that Tspan15 directly interacts with ADAM10 in a functional scissor complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chek Ziu Koo
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Neale Harrison
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J Noy
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Justyna Szyroka
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra L Matthews
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hung-En Hsia
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Stephan A Müller
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Tüshaus
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Joelle Goulding
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Katie Willis
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Clara Apicella
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Bethany Cragoe
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Davis
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Murat Keles
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Antonia Malinova
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas A McFarlane
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Philip R Morrison
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Hanh T H Nguyen
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael C Sykes
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Haroon Ahmed
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Di Maio
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Seipold
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Paul Saftig
- Institute of Biochemistry, Christian Albrechts University Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eleanor Cull
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Christos Pliotas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
| | - Eric Rubinstein
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM, CNRS, Centre d'Immunologie et des Maladies Infectieuses, CIMI-Paris, Paris 75013, France
| | - Natalie S Poulter
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen J Briddon
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas D Holliday
- Division of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, United Kingdom
| | - Stefan F Lichtenthaler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) Munich, Neuroproteomics, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University Munich and Munich Cluster for Systems Neurology (SyNergy), 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Michael G Tomlinson
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom
- Centre of Membrane Proteins and Receptors (COMPARE), Universities of Birmingham and Nottingham, Midlands B15 2TT, United Kingdom
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50
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Schumacher N, Rose-John S, Schmidt-Arras D. ADAM-Mediated Signalling Pathways in Gastrointestinal Cancer Formation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21145133. [PMID: 32698506 PMCID: PMC7404302 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21145133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour growth is not solely driven by tumour cell-intrinsic mechanisms, but also depends on paracrine signals provided by the tumour micro-environment. These signals comprise cytokines and growth factors that are synthesized as trans-membrane proteins and need to be liberated by limited proteolysis also termed ectodomain shedding. Members of the family of A disintegrin and metalloproteases (ADAM) are major mediators of ectodomain shedding and therefore initiators of paracrine signal transduction. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on how ADAM proteases on tumour cells but also on cells of the tumour micro-environment contribute to the formation of gastrointestinal tumours, and discuss how these processes can be exploited pharmacologically.
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