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Zhao Y, Liu Z, Liu G, Zhang Y, Liu S, Gan D, Chang W, Peng X, Sung ES, Gilbert K, Zhu Y, Wang X, Zeng Z, Baldwin H, Ren G, Weaver J, Huron A, Mayberry T, Wang Q, Wang Y, Diaz-Rubio ME, Su X, Stack MS, Zhang S, Lu X, Sheldon RD, Li J, Zhang C, Wan J, Lu X. Neutrophils resist ferroptosis and promote breast cancer metastasis through aconitate decarboxylase 1. Cell Metab 2023; 35:1688-1703.e10. [PMID: 37793345 PMCID: PMC10558089 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Metastasis causes breast cancer-related mortality. Tumor-infiltrating neutrophils (TINs) inflict immunosuppression and promote metastasis. Therapeutic debilitation of TINs may enhance immunotherapy, yet it remains a challenge to identify therapeutic targets highly expressed and functionally essential in TINs but under-expressed in extra-tumoral neutrophils. Here, using single-cell RNA sequencing to compare TINs and circulating neutrophils in murine mammary tumor models, we identified aconitate decarboxylase 1 (Acod1) as the most upregulated metabolic enzyme in mouse TINs and validated high Acod1 expression in human TINs. Activated through the GM-CSF-JAK/STAT5-C/EBPβ pathway, Acod1 produces itaconate, which mediates Nrf2-dependent defense against ferroptosis and upholds the persistence of TINs. Acod1 ablation abates TIN infiltration, constrains metastasis (but not primary tumors), bolsters antitumor T cell immunity, and boosts the efficacy of immune checkpoint blockade. Our findings reveal how TINs escape from ferroptosis through the Acod1-dependent immunometabolism switch and establish Acod1 as a target to offset immunosuppression and improve immunotherapy against metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Zhongshun Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Guoqiang Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Yuting Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Dailin Gan
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Wennan Chang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xiaoxia Peng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Eun Suh Sung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Keegan Gilbert
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Yini Zhu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Xuechun Wang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ziyu Zeng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hope Baldwin
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Guanzhu Ren
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jessica Weaver
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Anna Huron
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Toni Mayberry
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Qingfei Wang
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Yujue Wang
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | | | - Xiaoyang Su
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; Department of Medicine, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75235, USA
| | - Xuemin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ryan D Sheldon
- Mass Spectrometry Core, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Jun Wan
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA; School of Informatics and Computing, Indiana University - Purdue University at Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Xin Lu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boler-Parseghian Center for Rare and Neglected Diseases, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Tumor Microenvironment and Metastasis Program, Indiana University Melvin and Bren Simon Comprehensive Cancer Center, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
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Liu Y, Yang J, Hilliard TS, Wang Z, Johnson J, Wang W, Harper EI, Ott C, O'Brien C, Campbell L, Crowley B, Grisoli S, Stavrou NM, Juncker-Jensen A, Stack MS. Host obesity alters the ovarian tumor immune microenvironment and impacts response to standard of care chemotherapy. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:165. [PMID: 37438818 PMCID: PMC10337170 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02740-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The majority of women with epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) are diagnosed with metastatic disease, resulting in a poor 5-year survival of 31%. Obesity is a recognized non-infectious pandemic that increases OvCa incidence, enhances metastatic success and reduces survival. We have previously demonstrated a link between obesity and OvCa metastatic success in a diet-induced obesity mouse model wherein a significantly enhanced tumor burden was associated with a decreased M1/M2 tumor-associated macrophage ratio (Liu Y et al. Can, Res. 2015; 75:5046-57). METHODS The objective of this study was to use pre-clinical murine models of diet-induced obesity to evaluate the effect of a high fat diet (HFD) on response to standard of care chemotherapy and to assess obesity-associated changes in the tumor microenvironment. Archived tumor tissues from ovarian cancer patients of defined body mass index (BMI) were also evaluated using multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis of immune markers. RESULTS We observed a significantly diminished response to standard of care paclitaxel/carboplatin chemotherapy in HFD mice relative to low fat diet (LFD) controls. A corresponding decrease in the M1/M2 macrophage ratio and enhanced tumor fibrosis were observed both in murine DIO studies and in human tumors from women with BMI > 30. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that the reported negative impact of obesity on OvCa patient survival may be due in part to the effect of the altered M1/M2 tumor-associated macrophage ratio and enhanced fibrosis on chemosensitivity. These data demonstrate a contribution of host obesity to ovarian tumor progression and therapeutic response and support future combination strategies targeting macrophage polarization and/or fibrosis in the obese host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Tyvette S Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Zhikun Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Jeff Johnson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Wanrui Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Elizabeth I Harper
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Connor Ott
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Caitlin O'Brien
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Leigh Campbell
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Brian Crowley
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Stephen Grisoli
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | | | | | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, A200E Harper Hall, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA.
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Harper EI, Siroky MD, Hilliard TS, Dominique GM, Hammond C, Liu Y, Yang J, Hubble VB, Walsh DJ, Melander RJ, Melander C, Ravosa MJ, Stack MS. Advanced Glycation End Products as a Potential Target for Restructuring the Ovarian Cancer Microenvironment: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:9804. [PMID: 37372952 PMCID: PMC10298212 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24129804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the sixth leading cause of cancer-related death in women, and both occurrence and mortality are increased in women over the age of 60. There are documented age-related changes in the ovarian cancer microenvironment that have been shown to create a permissive metastatic niche, including the formation of advanced glycation end products, or AGEs, that form crosslinks between collagen molecules. Small molecules that disrupt AGEs, known as AGE breakers, have been examined in other diseases, but their efficacy in ovarian cancer has not been evaluated. The goal of this pilot study is to target age-related changes in the tumor microenvironment with the long-term aim of improving response to therapy in older patients. Here, we show that AGE breakers have the potential to change the omental collagen structure and modulate the peritoneal immune landscape, suggesting a potential use for AGE breakers in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I. Harper
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Michael D. Siroky
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Tyvette S. Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Gena M. Dominique
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Catherine Hammond
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Veronica B. Hubble
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Danica J. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Roberta J. Melander
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Christian Melander
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Matthew J. Ravosa
- Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
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Nandadasa S, Martin D, Deshpande G, Robert KL, Stack MS, Itoh Y, Apte SS. Degradomic Identification of Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase as an ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 Substrate. Mol Cell Proteomics 2023; 22:100566. [PMID: 37169079 PMCID: PMC10267602 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2023.100566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The secreted metalloproteases ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 are implicated in extracellular matrix proteolysis and primary cilium biogenesis. Here, we show that clonal gene-edited RPE-1 cells in which ADAMTS9 was inactivated, and which constitutively lack ADAMTS20 expression, have morphologic characteristics distinct from parental RPE-1 cells. To investigate underlying proteolytic mechanisms, a quantitative terminomics method, terminal amine isotopic labeling of substrates was used to compare the parental and gene-edited RPE-1 cells and their medium to identify ADAMTS9 substrates. Among differentially abundant neo-amino (N) terminal peptides arising from secreted and transmembrane proteins, a peptide with lower abundance in the medium of gene-edited cells suggested cleavage at the Tyr314-Gly315 bond in the ectodomain of the transmembrane metalloprotease membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), whose mRNA was also reduced in gene-edited cells. This cleavage, occurring in the MT1-MMP hinge, that is, between the catalytic and hemopexin domains, was orthogonally validated both by lack of an MT1-MMP catalytic domain fragment in the medium of gene-edited cells and restoration of its release from the cell surface by reexpression of ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 and was dependent on hinge O-glycosylation. A C-terminally semitryptic MT1-MMP peptide with greater abundance in WT RPE-1 medium identified a second ADAMTS9 cleavage site in the MT1-MMP hemopexin domain. Consistent with greater retention of MT1-MMP on the surface of gene-edited cells, pro-MMP2 activation, which requires cell surface MT1-MMP, was increased. MT1-MMP knockdown in gene-edited ADAMTS9/20-deficient cells restored focal adhesions but not ciliogenesis. The findings expand the web of interacting proteases at the cell surface, suggest a role for ADAMTS9 and ADAMTS20 in regulating cell surface activity of MT1-MMP, and indicate that MT1-MMP shedding does not underlie their observed requirement in ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumeda Nandadasa
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Daniel Martin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Gauravi Deshpande
- Imaging Core Facility, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Karyn L Robert
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Center, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
| | - Yoshifumi Itoh
- Kennedy Institute for Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Suneel S Apte
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland Clinic Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
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Amens JN, Bahçecioğlu G, Dwyer K, Yue XS, Stack MS, Hilliard TS, Zorlutuna P. Maternal obesity driven changes in collagen linearity of breast extracellular matrix induces invasive mammary epithelial cell phenotype. Biomaterials 2023; 297:122110. [PMID: 37062214 PMCID: PMC10192205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity has been linked with numerous health issues as well as an increased risk of breast cancer. Although effects of direct obesity in patient outcomes is widely studied, effects of exposure to obesity-related systemic influences in utero have been overlooked. In this study, we investigated the effect of multigenerational obesity on epithelial cell migration and invasion using decellularized breast tissues explanted from normal female mouse pups from a diet induced multigenerational obesity mouse model. We first studied the effect of multigenerational diet on the mechanical properties, adipocyte size, and collagen structure of these mouse breast tissues, and then, examined the migration and invasion behavior of normal (KTB-21) and cancerous (MDA-MB-231) human mammary epithelial cells on the decellularized matrices from each diet group. Breast tissues of mice whose dams had been fed with high-fat diet exhibited larger adipocytes and thicker and curvier collagen fibers, but only slightly elevated elastic modulus and inflammatory cytokine levels. MDA-MB-231 cancer cell motility and invasion were significantly greater on the decellularized matrices from mice whose dams were fed with high-fat diet. A similar trend was observed with normal KTB-21 cells. Our results showed that the collagen curvature was the dominating factor on this enhanced motility and stretching the matrices to equalize the collagen fiber linearity of the matrices ameliorated the observed increase in cell migration and invasion in the mice that were exposed to a high-fat diet in utero. Previous studies indicated an increase in serum leptin concentration for those children born to an obese mother. We generated extracellular matrices using primary fibroblasts exposed to various concentrations of leptin. This produced curvier ECM and increased breast cancer cell motility for cells seeded on the decellularized ECM generated with increasing leptin concentration. Our study shows that exposure to obesity in utero is influential in determining the extracellular matrix structure, and that the resultant change in collagen curvature is a critical factor in regulating the migration and invasion of breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jensen N Amens
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Gökhan Bahçecioğlu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Kiera Dwyer
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Xiaoshan S Yue
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Tyvette S Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Bioengineering Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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6
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Waters M, Hopf J, Tam E, Wallace S, Chang J, Bennett Z, Aquino H, Roeder RK, Helquist P, Stack MS, Nallathamby PD. Biocompatible, Multi-Mode, Fluorescent, T2 MRI Contrast Magnetoelectric-Silica Nanoparticles (MagSiNs), for On-Demand Doxorubicin Delivery to Metastatic Cancer Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15101216. [PMID: 36297329 PMCID: PMC9607636 DOI: 10.3390/ph15101216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a need to improve current cancer treatment regimens to reduce systemic toxicity, to positively impact the quality-of-life post-treatment. We hypothesized the negation of off-target toxicity of anthracyclines (e.g., Doxorubicin) by delivering Doxorubicin on magneto-electric silica nanoparticles (Dox-MagSiNs) to cancer cells. Dox-MagSiNs were completely biocompatible with all cell types and are therapeutically inert till the release of Doxorubicin from the MagSiNs at the cancer cells location. The MagSiNs themselves are comprised of biocompatible components with a magnetostrictive cobalt ferrite core (4−6 nm) surrounded by a piezoelectric fused silica shell of 1.5 nm to 2 nm thickness. The MagSiNs possess T2-MRI contrast properties on par with RESOVIST™ due to their cobalt ferrite core. Additionally, the silica shell surrounding the core was volume loaded with green or red fluorophores to fluorescently track the MagSiNs in vitro. This makes the MagSiNs a suitable candidate for trackable, drug nanocarriers. We used metastatic triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDAMB231), ovarian cancer cells (A2780), and prostate cancer cells (PC3) as our model cancer cell lines. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were used as control cell lines to represent blood-vessel cells that suffer from the systemic toxicity of Doxorubicin. In the presence of an external magnetic field that is 300× times lower than an MRI field, we successfully nanoporated the cancer cells, then triggered the release of 500 nM of doxorubicin from Dox-MagSiNs to successfully kill >50% PC3, >50% A2780 cells, and killed 125% more MDAMB231 cells than free Dox.HCl. In control HUVECs, the Dox-MagSiNs did not nanoporate into the HUVECS and did not exhibited any cytotoxicity at all when there was no triggered release of Dox.HCl. Currently, the major advantages of our approach are, (i) the MagSiNs are biocompatible in vitro and in vivo; (ii) the label-free nanoporation of Dox-MagSiNs into cancer cells and not the model blood vessel cell line; (iii) the complete cancellation of the cytotoxicity of Doxorubicin in the Dox-MagSiNs form; (iv) the clinical impact of such a nanocarrier will be that it will be possible to increase the current upper limit for cumulative-dosages of anthracyclines through multiple dosing, which in turn will improve the anti-cancer efficacy of anthracyclines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margo Waters
- Department of Pre-Professional Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- The Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Juliane Hopf
- The Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Emma Tam
- The Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Art, Art History & Design, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Stephanie Wallace
- The Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Mathematics and Pre-Professional Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jordan Chang
- Department of Pre-Professional Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- The Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Zach Bennett
- The Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hadrian Aquino
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ryan K. Roeder
- Bioengineering Graduate Program in the Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Paul Helquist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- The Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Prakash D. Nallathamby
- The Berthiaume Institute for Precision Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Bioengineering Graduate Program in the Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(574)-631-7868
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Juncker-Jensen A, Liu Y, Hilliard TS, Stavrou N, Stack MS. Abstract 975: Obesity-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment impact the response to chemotherapy and overall ovarian cancer metastatic success. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background The majority of women with epithelial ovarian cancer (OvCa) are diagnosed with metastatic disease, resulting in a poor 5-year survival of 31%. Obesity is a recognized epidemic that increases OvCa incidence, enhances metastatic success and reduces survival. We have previously demonstrated a link between obesity and OvCa metastatic success in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model where a significantly enhanced tumor burden was associated with a decreased M1/M2 tumor-associated macrophage (TAM) ratio (Liu Y et al. Can, Res. 2015; 75:5046-57). TAMs are the most abundant immune cell type in the ovarian tumor microenvironment and are generally categorized as M1-polarized (cytotoxic to tumor cells), or M2-polarized (growth promoting). For this study we sought to examine if a similar correlation between body mass index (BMI) and TAMs were also true for human ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, we used the DIO mouse model to examine any potential effect of obesity on response to chemotherapy.
Methods We analyzed high grade serous ovarian tumors from 6 normal weight patients (BMI 20-25), and 10 obese patients (BMI ≥35) for an in-depth analysis of immune cells using MultiOmyx™, an immunofluorescence (IF) multiplexing assay. After multiplexing FFPE sections with a custom panel of 13 immuno-oncology biomarkers, images were analyzed by applying the deep-learning based cell classification platform NeoLYTX.For the analysis of response to chemotherapy we used a DIO mouse model in which mice were fed a low-fat diet (LFD) vs high-fat diet (HFD) and then injected with ID8-Trp53-/- cells to establish tumor burden. Mice bearing equivalent tumor burden were treated with weight-adjusted standard of care chemotherapy. After sacrifice, remaining tumor burden was evaluated by quantitative fluorescence imaging.
Results We found that the mean M1/M2 ratio in obese OvCa patients was nearly half (ratio=0.16) compared to patients who were normal weight (ratio=0.29), consistent with our previously published mouse data. Quantitation of residual tumor burden in the mouse model showed significantly reduced efficacy of chemotherapy (i.e., greater remaining tumor burden) in HFD mice (n=11/cohort). The M1/M2 TAM ratio in these mouse tumors is now under evaluation.
Conclusions Our observations suggest that the negative impact of obesity on OvCa survival may be due in part to an increased M1/M2 TAM ratio and reduced response to chemotherapy. These data will be key to a more detailed understanding of the contribution of host obesity to ovarian tumor progression.
Citation Format: Anna Juncker-Jensen, Yueying Liu, Tyvette S. Hilliard, Nicholas Stavrou, M Sharon Stack. Obesity-induced changes in the tumor microenvironment impact the response to chemotherapy and overall ovarian cancer metastatic success [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 975.
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Hilliard T, Petrasko P, Liu Y, Yang J, Asem M, Johnson J, Marfowaa G, Kowalski B, Schnautz E, McCabe M, Stack MS. Abstract 2189: The role of generational obesity on the ovarian metastatic niche. Cancer Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2022-2189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Obesity is a worldwide epidemic associated with many cancer types due to persistent inflammation, hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia providing an abundance of nutrients and growth factors to cancer cells resulting in an ideal microenvironment. Maternal obesity often results in an increased risk of offspring developing obesity. Chronic inflammation and immunosuppression found in obese patients have been linked to ovarian cancer (OvCa). OvCa is the most lethal gynecological malignancy among women and approximately 12% of OvCa patients are obese. Poor survival rates are attributable to women presenting with advanced disease with disseminated intraperitoneal (i.p) metastasis at diagnosis. Metastatic tumor cells shed from the primary tumor and preferentially home to the mesothelium of the omentum and other peritoneal organs producing secondary lesions. Developmental programming suggests that perinatal nutritional influences can alter gene expression in offspring. A pre-clinical murine model of diet-induced obesity that included maternal cohorts of C57BL/6 mice (dam) with intact host immunity fed either a control diet (CD; 10% fat) or a high-fat diet (HFD; 40% fat) and the resulting offspring fed either diet was utilized to explore diet induced genetic and physical modifications. Body composition analysis revealed differences in weight and lean mass was dependent on offspring diet alone and fat mass was dam diet dependent among CD fed offspring. Second harmonic generation microscopy demonstrated a larger area of collagen mesh-work between fenestrations in the omentum of HFD fed mice as well as an increase in anisotropy. Additionally, a tumor study was performed using either CD or HFD fed offspring to quantify site-specific metastatic success to the adipose-rich tissues of the peritoneal cavity. Mice were injected i.p. with fluorescently tagged syngeneic ID8 murine OvCa cells and disease progression was tracked for 8 weeks. Abdominal organs were dissected, imaged, and organ-specific tumor burden quantified. Overall, offspring fed a HFD displayed an increase in organ-specific tumor burden relative to offspring fed a CD, regardless of dam diet. Furthermore, HFD offspring from HFD dams displayed higher omental tumor burden than HFD offspring from CD dams. In addition, HFD fed mice accumulated more ascites fluid than CD fed mice, however variances were independent of dam diet. Comparison of ascites cytokine expression revealed CXCL13, a dominant chemokine in adipocytes, was significantly increased in mice only exposed to a HFD suggesting an additive effect of both maternal and offspring obesity. Interestingly, increased CXCL13 expression has been reported in OvCa cell lines and in clinical samples. Together, the results suggest maternal obesity or subsequent exposure to a HFD can influence ovarian cancer metastasis.
Citation Format: Tyvette Hilliard, Phillip Petrasko, Yueying Liu, Jing Yang, Marwa Asem, Jeff Johnson, Gifty Marfowaa, Brooke Kowalski, Elinor Schnautz, Morgan McCabe, M. Sharon Stack. The role of generational obesity on the ovarian metastatic niche [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2022; 2022 Apr 8-13. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2022;82(12_Suppl):Abstract nr 2189.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jing Yang
- 1University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN
| | - Marwa Asem
- 1University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN
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Harper EI, Hilliard TS, Sheedy EF, Carey P, Wilkinson P, Siroky MD, Yang J, Agadi E, Leonard AK, Low E, Liu Y, Biragyn A, Annunziata CM, Stack MS. Another Wrinkle with Age: Aged Collagen and Intra-peritoneal Metastasis of Ovarian Cancer. Aging Cancer 2022; 3:116-129. [PMID: 36188490 PMCID: PMC9518742 DOI: 10.1002/aac2.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Background Age is the most significant risk factor for ovarian cancer (OvCa), the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. Metastasizing OvCa cells adhere to the omentum, a peritoneal structure rich in collagen, adipocytes, and immune cells. Ultrastructural changes in the omentum and the omental collagen matrix with aging have not been evaluated. Aim The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that age-related changes in collagen in the ovarian tumor microenvironment promote OvCa metastatic success in the aged host. Methods/Results Young (3-6 months) and aged mice (20-23 months) were used to study the role of aging in metastatic success. Intra-peritoneal (IP) injection of ID8Trp53 -/- ovarian cancer cells showed enhanced IP dissemination in aged vs young mice. In vitro assays using purified collagen demonstrated reduced collagenolysis of aged fibers, as visualized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and quantified with a hydroxyproline release assay. Omental tumors in young and aged mice showed similar collagen deposition; however enhanced intra-tumoral collagen remodeling was seen in aged mice probed with a biotinylated collagen hybridizing peptide (CHP). In contrast, second harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy showed significant differences in collagen fiber structure and organization in omental tissue and SEM demonstrated enhanced omental fenestration in aged omenta. Combined SHG and Alexa Fluor-CHP microscopy in vivo demonstrated that peri-tumoral collagen was remodeled more extensively in young mice. This collagen population represents truly aged host collagen, in contrast to intra-tumoral collagen that is newly synthesized, likely by cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Conclusions Our results demonstrate that tumors in an aged host can grow with minimal collagen remodeling, while tumors in the young host must remodel peri-tumoral collagen to enable effective proliferation, providing a mechanism whereby age-induced ultrastructural changes in collagen and collagen-rich omenta establish a permissive pre-metastatic niche contributing to enhanced OvCa metastatic success in the aged host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I. Harper
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Tyvette S. Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
| | | | | | | | - Michael D. Siroky
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Elizabeth Agadi
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Annemarie K. Leonard
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Ethan Low
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
| | | | | | - M. Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Notre Dame, IN
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
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Shi Z, Lopez J, Kalliney W, Sutton B, Simpson J, Maggert K, Liu S, Wan J, Stack MS. Development and evaluation of ActSeq: A targeted next-generation sequencing panel for clinical oncology use. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0266914. [PMID: 35446881 PMCID: PMC9022865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0266914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose
The demand for high-throughput genetic profiling of somatic mutations in cancer tissues is growing. We sought to establish a targeted next generation sequencing (NGS) panel test for clinical oncology practice.
Methods
Customized probes were designed to capture exonic regions of 141 genes selected for the panel, which was aimed for the detection of clinically actionable genetic variations in cancer, including KRAS, NRAS, BRAF, ALK, ROS1, KIT and EGFR. The size of entire targeted regions is 0.8 Mb. Library preparation used NEBNext Ultra II FS kit coupled with target enrichment. Paired-end sequencing was run on Illumina NextSeq 500 at a read length of 150 nt. A bioinformatics workflow focusing on single nucleotide variant and short insertions and deletions (SNV/indel) discovery was established using open source, in-house and commercial software tools. Standard reference DNA samples were used in testing the sensitivity and precision and limit of detection in variant calling.
Results
The general performance of the panel was observed in pilot runs. Average total reads per sample ranged from 30 million to 48 million, 73% ~82% unique reads. All runs had more than 99% average mapping rate. Mean target coverage ranged from 727x to 879x. Depth of coverage at 50x or more reached 87% of targeted region and 60% of targeted region received 500x or more coverage depth. Using OncoSpan HD827 DNA, which bears 144 variants (SNV/indel) from 80 genes that are within the targeted region on the panel, our somatic variant calling pipeline reached 97% sensitivity and 100% precision respectively, with near 48 million reads. High concordance with orthogonal approaches in variant detection was further verified with 7 cancer cell lines and 45 clinical specimens.
Conclusion
We developed a NGS panel with a focus on clinically actionable gene mutations and validated the performance in library construction, sequencing and variant calling. High concordance with reference materials and orthogonal mutation detection was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonggao Shi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZS); (MSS)
| | - Jacqueline Lopez
- Genomics and Bioinformatics Core Facility, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
| | - William Kalliney
- Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Bobbie Sutton
- South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Joyce Simpson
- South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Kevin Maggert
- South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Sheng Liu
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - Jun Wan
- Collaborative Core for Cancer Bioinformatics and Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America
- * E-mail: (ZS); (MSS)
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Hilliard TS, Kowalski B, Iwamoto K, Agadi EA, Liu Y, Yang J, Asem M, Klymenko Y, Johnson J, Shi Z, Marfowaa G, Yemc MG, Petrasko P, Stack MS. Host Mesothelin Expression Increases Ovarian Cancer Metastasis in the Peritoneal Microenvironment. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222212443. [PMID: 34830322 PMCID: PMC8623331 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222212443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesothelin (MSLN), a glycoprotein normally expressed by mesothelial cells, is overexpressed in ovarian cancer (OvCa) suggesting a role in tumor progression, although the biological function is not fully understood. OvCa has a high mortality rate due to diagnosis at advanced stage disease with intraperitoneal metastasis. Tumor cells detach from the primary tumor as single cells or multicellular aggregates (MCAs) and attach to the mesothelium of organs within the peritoneal cavity producing widely disseminated secondary lesions. To investigate the role of host MSLN in the peritoneal cavity we used a mouse model with a null mutation in the MSLN gene (MSLNKO). The deletion of host MSLN expression modified the peritoneal ultrastructure resulting in abnormal mesothelial cell surface architecture and altered omental collagen fibril organization. Co-culture of murine OvCa cells with primary mesothelial cells regardless of MSLN expression formed compact MCAs. However, co-culture with MSLNKO mesothelial cells resulted in smaller MCAs. An allograft tumor study, using wild-type mice (MSLNWT) or MSLNKO mice injected intraperitoneally with murine OvCa cells demonstrated a significant decrease in peritoneal metastatic tumor burden in MSLNKO mice compared to MSLNWT mice. Together, these data support a role for host MSLN in the progression of OvCa metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyvette S. Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (B.K.); (E.A.A.); (M.A.); (M.S.S.)
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (J.J.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-574-631-2453
| | - Brooke Kowalski
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (B.K.); (E.A.A.); (M.A.); (M.S.S.)
| | - Kyle Iwamoto
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| | - Elizabeth A. Agadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (B.K.); (E.A.A.); (M.A.); (M.S.S.)
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (J.J.)
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Jing Yang
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Marwa Asem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (B.K.); (E.A.A.); (M.A.); (M.S.S.)
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Yuliya Klymenko
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (J.J.)
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Jeff Johnson
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (J.J.)
| | - Zonggao Shi
- St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA;
| | - Gifty Marfowaa
- Department of Pre-Professional Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA;
| | - Madeleine G. Yemc
- Department of Science Business, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (M.G.Y.); (P.P.)
| | - Phillip Petrasko
- Department of Science Business, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (M.G.Y.); (P.P.)
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (B.K.); (E.A.A.); (M.A.); (M.S.S.)
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; (Y.L.); (J.Y.); (Y.K.); (J.J.)
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12
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Bahcecioglu G, Yue X, Howe E, Guldner I, Stack MS, Nakshatri H, Zhang S, Zorlutuna P. Aged Breast Extracellular Matrix Drives Mammary Epithelial Cells to an Invasive and Cancer-Like Phenotype. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:e2100128. [PMID: 34617419 PMCID: PMC8596116 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202100128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Age is a major risk factor for cancer. While the importance of age related genetic alterations in cells on cancer progression is well documented, the effect of aging extracellular matrix (ECM) has been overlooked. This study shows that the aging breast ECM alone is sufficient to drive normal human mammary epithelial cells (KTB21) to a more invasive and cancer-like phenotype, while promoting motility and invasiveness in MDA-MB-231 cells. Decellularized breast matrix from aged mice leads to loss of E-cadherin membrane localization in KTB21 cells, increased cell motility and invasion, and increased production of inflammatory cytokines and cancer-related proteins. The aged matrix upregulates cancer-related genes in KTB21 cells and enriches a cell subpopulation highly expressing epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related genes. Lysyl oxidase knockdown reverts the aged matrix-induced changes to the young levels; it relocalizes E-cadherin to cell membrane, and reduces cell motility, invasion, and cytokine production. These results show for the first time that the aging ECM harbors key biochemical, physical, and mechanical cues contributing to invasive and cancer-like behavior in healthy and cancer mammary cells. Differential response of cells to young and aged ECMs can lead to identification of new targets for cancer treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Xiaoshan Yue
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Erin Howe
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Ian Guldner
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Harikrishna Nakshatri
- Department of SurgerySchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN46202USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologySchool of MedicineIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIN46202USA
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Department of Biological SciencesUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
| | - Pinar Zorlutuna
- Department of Aerospace and Mechanical EngineeringUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
- Bioengineering Graduate ProgramUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameIN46556USA
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13
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Abstract
Proteases play a crucial role in the progression and metastasis of ovarian cancer. Pericellular protein degradation and fragmentation along with remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is accomplished by numerous proteases that are present in the ovarian tumor microenvironment. Several proteolytic processes have been linked to cancer progression, particularly those facilitated by the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) family. These proteases have been linked to enhanced migratory ability, extracellular matrix breakdown, and development of support systems for tumors. Several studies have reported the direct involvement of MMPs with ovarian cancer, as well as their mechanisms of action in the tumor microenvironment. MMPs play a key role in upregulating transcription factors, as well as the breakdown of structural proteins like collagen. Proteolytic mechanisms have been shown to enhance the ability of ovarian cancer cells to migrate and adhere to secondary sites allowing for efficient metastasis. Furthermore, angiogenesis for tumor growth and development of metastatic implants is influenced by upregulation of certain proteases, including MMPs. While proteases are produced normally in vivo, they can be upregulated by cancer-associated mutations, tumor-microenvironment interaction, stress-induced catecholamine production, and age-related pathologies. This review outlines the important role of proteases throughout ovarian cancer progression and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Preston Carey
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (P.C.); (E.L.); (E.H.)
- Department of Preprofessional Studies, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Ethan Low
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (P.C.); (E.L.); (E.H.)
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Elizabeth Harper
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (P.C.); (E.L.); (E.H.)
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA; (P.C.); (E.L.); (E.H.)
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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14
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Mondal T, Shivange GN, Tihagam RGT, Lyerly E, Battista M, Talwar D, Mosavian R, Urbanek K, Rashid NS, Harrell JC, Bos PD, Stelow EB, Stack MS, Bhatnagar S, Tushir‐Singh J. Unexpected PD-L1 immune evasion mechanism in TNBC, ovarian, and other solid tumors by DR5 agonist antibodies. EMBO Mol Med 2021; 13:e12716. [PMID: 33587338 PMCID: PMC7933954 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202012716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lack of effective immune infiltration represents a significant barrier to immunotherapy in solid tumors. Thus, solid tumor-enriched death receptor-5 (DR5) activating antibodies, which generates tumor debulking by extrinsic apoptotic cytotoxicity, remains a crucial alternate therapeutic strategy. Over past few decades, many DR5 antibodies moved to clinical trials after successfully controlling tumors in immunodeficient tumor xenografts. However, DR5 antibodies failed to significantly improve survival in phase-II trials, leading in efforts to generate second generation of DR5 agonists to supersize apoptotic cytotoxicity in tumors. Here we have discovered that clinical DR5 antibodies activate an unexpected immunosuppressive PD-L1 stabilization pathway, which potentially had contributed to their limited success in clinics. The DR5 agonist stimulated caspase-8 signaling not only activates ROCK1 but also undermines proteasome function, both of which contributes to increased PD-L1 stability on tumor cell surface. Targeting DR5-ROCK1-PD-L1 axis markedly increases immune effector T-cell function, promotes tumor regression, and improves overall survival in animal models. These insights have identified a potential clinically viable combinatorial strategy to revive solid cancer immunotherapy using death receptor agonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmoy Mondal
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Gururaj N Shivange
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Rachisan GT Tihagam
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Evan Lyerly
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Michael Battista
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Divpriya Talwar
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Roxanna Mosavian
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Undergraduate Research ProgramUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Karol Urbanek
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | | | - J Chuck Harrell
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Paula D Bos
- Department of PathologyMassey Cancer Center, VCURichmondVAUSA
| | - Edward B Stelow
- Department of PathologyUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research InstituteUniversity of Notre DameNotre DameINUSA
| | - Sanchita Bhatnagar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
| | - Jogender Tushir‐Singh
- Laboratory of Novel BiologicsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of VirginiaCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- University of Virginia Cancer Center and Medical SchoolCharlottesvilleVAUSA
- DoD Ovarian Cancer Academy Early Career InvestigatorCharlottesvilleVAUSA
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15
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Asem M, Young A, Oyama C, ClaureDeLaZerda A, Liu Y, Ravosa MJ, Gupta V, Jewell A, Khabele D, Stack MS. Ascites-induced compression alters the peritoneal microenvironment and promotes metastatic success in ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2020; 10:11913. [PMID: 32681052 PMCID: PMC7367827 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-68639-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of women with recurrent ovarian cancer (OvCa) develop malignant ascites with volumes that can reach > 2 L. The resulting elevation in intraperitoneal pressure (IPP), from normal values of 5 mmHg to as high as 22 mmHg, causes striking changes in the loading environment in the peritoneal cavity. The effect of ascites-induced changes in IPP on OvCa progression is largely unknown. Herein we model the functional consequences of ascites-induced compression on ovarian tumor cells and components of the peritoneal microenvironment using a panel of in vitro, ex vivo and in vivo assays. Results show that OvCa cell adhesion to the peritoneum was increased under compression. Moreover, compressive loads stimulated remodeling of peritoneal mesothelial cell surface ultrastructure via induction of tunneling nanotubes (TNT). TNT-mediated interaction between peritoneal mesothelial cells and OvCa cells was enhanced under compression and was accompanied by transport of mitochondria from mesothelial cells to OvCa cells. Additionally, peritoneal collagen fibers adopted a more linear anisotropic alignment under compression, a collagen signature commonly correlated with enhanced invasion in solid tumors. Collectively, these findings elucidate a new role for ascites-induced compression in promoting metastatic OvCa progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Asem
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave., A200 Harper Hall, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Allison Young
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave., A200 Harper Hall, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Carlysa Oyama
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave., A200 Harper Hall, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Alejandro ClaureDeLaZerda
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave., A200 Harper Hall, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave., A200 Harper Hall, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Matthew J Ravosa
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave., A200 Harper Hall, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Vijayalaxmi Gupta
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, USA
| | - Andrea Jewell
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, USA
| | - Dineo Khabele
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Medical Center, University of Kansas, Kansas City, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N. Notre Dame Ave., A200 Harper Hall, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA.
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Asem M, Young AM, Oyama C, Claure De La Zerda A, Liu Y, Yang J, Hilliard TS, Johnson J, Harper EI, Guldner I, Zhang S, Page-Mayberry T, Kaliney WJ, Stack MS. Host Wnt5a Potentiates Microenvironmental Regulation of Ovarian Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2020; 80:1156-1170. [PMID: 31932454 PMCID: PMC8245162 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Revised: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The noncanonical Wnt ligand Wnt5a is found in high concentrations in ascites of women with ovarian cancer. In this study, we elucidated the role of Wnt5a in ovarian cancer metastasis. Wnt5a promoted ovarian tumor cell adhesion to peritoneal mesothelial cells as well as migration and invasion, leading to colonization of peritoneal explants. Host components of the ovarian tumor microenvironment, notably peritoneal mesothelial cells and visceral adipose, secreted Wnt5a. Conditional knockout of host WNT5A significantly reduced peritoneal metastatic tumor burden. Tumors formed in WNT5A knockout mice had elevated cytotoxic T cells, increased M1 macrophages, and decreased M2 macrophages, indicating that host Wnt5a promotes an immunosuppressive microenvironment. The Src family kinase Fgr was identified as a downstream effector of Wnt5a. These results highlight a previously unreported role for host-expressed Wnt5a in ovarian cancer metastasis and suggest Fgr as a novel target for inhibition of ovarian cancer metastatic progression.Significance: This study establishes host-derived Wnt5a, expressed by peritoneal mesothelial cells and adipocytes, as a primary regulator of ovarian cancer intraperitoneal metastatic dissemination and identifies Fgr kinase as novel target for inhibition of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Asem
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Allison M Young
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Carlysa Oyama
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | | | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Tyvette S Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Jeffery Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth I Harper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Ian Guldner
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame; South Bend, Indiana
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame; South Bend, Indiana
| | - Toni Page-Mayberry
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - William J Kaliney
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
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Klymenko Y, Wates RB, Weiss-Bilka H, Lombard R, Liu Y, Campbell L, Kim O, Wagner D, Ravosa MJ, Stack MS. Modeling the effect of ascites-induced compression on ovarian cancer multicellular aggregates. Dis Model Mech 2018; 11:dmm034199. [PMID: 30254133 PMCID: PMC6176988 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. EOC dissemination is predominantly via direct extension of cells and multicellular aggregates (MCAs) into the peritoneal cavity, which adhere to and induce retraction of peritoneal mesothelium and proliferate in the submesothelial matrix to generate metastatic lesions. Metastasis is facilitated by the accumulation of malignant ascites (500 ml to >2 l), resulting in physical discomfort and abdominal distension, and leading to poor prognosis. Although intraperitoneal fluid pressure is normally subatmospheric, an average intraperitoneal pressure of 30 cmH2O (22.1 mmHg) has been reported in women with EOC. In this study, to enable experimental evaluation of the impact of high intraperitoneal pressure on EOC progression, two new in vitro model systems were developed. Initial experiments evaluated EOC MCAs in pressure vessels connected to an Instron to apply short-term compressive force. A Flexcell Compression Plus system was then used to enable longer-term compression of MCAs in custom-designed hydrogel carriers. Results show changes in the expression of genes related to epithelial-mesenchymal transition as well as altered dispersal of compressed MCAs on collagen gels. These new model systems have utility for future analyses of compression-induced mechanotransduction and the resulting impact on cellular responses related to intraperitoneal metastatic dissemination.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first authors of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Klymenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Rebecca B Wates
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
| | - Holly Weiss-Bilka
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Rachel Lombard
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Leigh Campbell
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - Oleg Kim
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Diane Wagner
- Department of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Matthew J Ravosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
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Klymenko Y, Wates R, LIu Y, Lombard R, Weiss-Bilka H, Campbell L, Wagner D, Ravosa MJ, Stack MS. Abstract A38: Modeling ascites-induced changes in peritoneal mechanobiology and ovarian cancer metastatic success. Clin Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovca17-a38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is frequently accompanied by accumulation of intraperitoneal ascites fluid early in disease progression. This fluid is rich in soluble and cellular components including tumor cells and multicellular aggregates (MCAs) of 150-300 um diameter shed from the primary tumor. In addition to chemical cues, ascites fluid buildup can also alter the force environment in the peritoneal cavity, thereby impacting the primary tumor, disseminating cells and MCAs, and host peritoneal tissues. Whereas the intraperitoneal pressure (IPP) of the normal peritoneal cavity is subatmospheric (-5 mmHg), the IPP measured in ovarian cancer patients with tense ascites is reported to be 24 mmHg. The potential effect of ascites-induced changes in peritoneal mechanobiology on tumor cells and host structures has not been investigated due to a lack of appropriate model systems. As a first approximation, we have begun preliminary investigations into the response of tumor and host structures to compressive and strain (stretching) forces. Our initial experiments used MCAs sealed in nonadherent cell culture bags placed into a temperature-controlled stainless-steel pressure vessel and subjected to a compressive force of 22-24 mmHg using an Instron system. While this approach is feasible for short-term experiments, longer-term compression experiments require a system with gas exchange to maintain cell viability. Thus, we fabricated a mold designed to fit within a Flexcell-400C Compression system Biopress+ Bioflex 6-well plate. This mold was used to produce porous hydrogels containing defined void areas so as to encapsulate MCAs within the hydrogel carrier and thereby ensure a more uniform encounter with the Flexcell compression plate. Our initial experiments investigated the effects of MCA compression on gene expression associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Data indicate that short-term static compression (6h) downregulates CDH2 (N-cadherin, Ncad) with cell line-dependent inhibition of EMT regulators including SNAI1, SNAI2, and TWIST. In contrast, long-term compression (24h) upregulated expression of mesenchymal genes including CDH2, MMP14, Wnt5a, ROR1, and ROR2. To examine the impact of strain on receptivity of host peritoneal tissues to metastatic implantation, we used control or strained ex vivo explants of murine peritoneal tissue immobilized on silastic resin. Strained peritoneal tissue exhibited a 3-fold increase in stiffness as determined by atomic force microscopy. Concomitantly, adhesion of ovarian cancer cells to strained peritoneum increased by 4.5-fold. Together these data provide support for a more detailed investigation of the complex role of peritoneal mechanobiology as an important microenvironmental regulator of ovarian cancer metastatic success.
Citation Format: Yuliya Klymenko, Rebecca Wates, Yueying LIu, Rachel Lombard, Holly Weiss-Bilka, Leigh Campbell, Diane Wagner, Matthew J. Ravosa, M. Sharon Stack. Modeling ascites-induced changes in peritoneal mechanobiology and ovarian cancer metastatic success. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Conference: Addressing Critical Questions in Ovarian Cancer Research and Treatment; Oct 1-4, 2017; Pittsburgh, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2018;24(15_Suppl):Abstract nr A38.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Wates
- 2University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS,
| | | | | | | | | | - Diane Wagner
- 3Indiana University, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN
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19
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Tang J, Pulliam N, Özeş A, Buechlein A, Ding N, Keer H, Rusch D, O'Hagan H, Stack MS, Nephew KP. Epigenetic Targeting of Adipocytes Inhibits High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Cell Migration and Invasion. Mol Cancer Res 2018; 16:1226-1240. [PMID: 29759990 PMCID: PMC6072573 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-17-0406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OC) cells frequently metastasize to the omentum, and adipocytes play a significant role in ovarian tumor progression. Therapeutic interventions targeting aberrant DNA methylation in ovarian tumors have shown promise in the clinic, but the effects of epigenetic therapy on the tumor microenvironment are understudied. Here, we examined the effect of adipocytes on OC cell behavior in culture and impact of targeting DNA methylation in adipocytes on OC metastasis. The presence of adipocytes increased OC cell migration and invasion, and proximal and direct coculture of adipocytes increased OC proliferation alone or after treatment with carboplatin. Treatment of adipocytes with hypomethylating agent guadecitabine decreased migration and invasion of OC cells toward adipocytes. Subcellular protein fractionation of adipocytes treated with guadecitabine revealed decreased DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) levels even in the presence of DNA synthesis inhibitor, aphidicolin. Methyl-Capture- and RNA-sequencing analysis of guadecitabine-treated adipocytes revealed derepression of tumor-suppressor genes and epithelial-mesenchymal transition inhibitors. SUSD2, a secreted tumor suppressor downregulated by promoter CpG island methylation in adipocytes, was upregulated after guadecitabine treatment, and recombinant SUSD2 decreased OC cell migration and invasion. Integrated analysis of the methylomic and transcriptomic data identified pathways associated with inhibition of matrix metalloproteases and fatty acid α-oxidation, suggesting a possible mechanism of how epigenetic therapy of adipocytes decreases metastasis. In conclusion, the effect of DNMT inhibitor on fully differentiated adipocytes suggests that hypomethylating agents may affect the tumor microenvironment to decrease cancer cell metastasis.Implications: Epigenetic targeting of tumor microenvironment can affect metastatic behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1226-40. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Tang
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Nicholas Pulliam
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ali Özeş
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Aaron Buechlein
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Ning Ding
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Harold Keer
- Astex Pharmaceuticals Inc., Pleasanton, California
| | - Doug Rusch
- Center of Genomics and Bioinformatics, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
| | - Heather O'Hagan
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Medical Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, Indiana.
- Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry Department, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Indiana University Simon Cancer Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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20
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Harper EI, Sheedy EF, Stack MS. With Great Age Comes Great Metastatic Ability: Ovarian Cancer and the Appeal of the Aging Peritoneal Microenvironment. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E230. [PMID: 29996539 PMCID: PMC6070816 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10070230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Age is one of the biggest risk factors for ovarian cancer. Older women have higher rates of diagnosis and death associated with the disease. In mouse models, it was shown that aged mice had greater tumor burden than their younger counterparts when intraperitoneally injected with ovarian tumor cells. While very few papers have been published looking at the direct link between ovarian cancer metastasis and age, there is a wealth of information on how age affects metastatic microenvironments. Mesothelial cells, the peritoneal extracellular matrix (ECM), fibroblasts, adipocytes and immune cells all exhibit distinct changes with age. The aged peritoneum hosts a higher number of senescent cells than its younger counterpart, in both the mesothelium and the stroma. These senescent cells promote an inflammatory profile and overexpress Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs), which remodel the ECM. The aged ECM is also modified by dysregulated collagen and laminin synthesis, increases in age-related crosslinking and increasing ovarian cancer invasion into the matrix. These changes contribute to a vastly different microenvironment in young and aged models for circulating ovarian cancer cells, creating a more welcoming “soil”.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I Harper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
| | - Emma F Sheedy
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA.
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Drakes M, Mehrotra S, Potkul R, Liu Y, Stack MS, Stiff P. Abstract 1688: Enhancement of immune checkpoint PD-1 blockade efficacy in ovarian cancer. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Advanced stage ovarian cancer is often asymptomatic and only twenty percent of patients with this diagnosis have a survival duration of five years.
Immune checkpoint molecule programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and its ligand, PD-L1, limit T cell immune responses, and thus are immunosuppressive. Clinical trials using anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1 antibody treatment has resulted in objective response rates (ORR) in only 10-15% of ovarian cancer patients. Our ultimate goal is to improve this outcome.
Recepteur d'origine nantais (RON) is a c-Met related tyrosine kinase which binds to macrophage stimulatory protein (MSP). RON is expressed by myeloid suppressor cells and tumor cells. Inhibition of RON/ MSP ligation upregulates STAT-1 and IL-12 in macrophages, driving IFN-γ production in CD8+T cells and might potentiate the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody treatment.
Objectives and Methods
We hypothesize that combination therapy of anti-PD-1 blocking antibody which restores T cell proliferative and cytotoxic functions, combined with therapy targeting other suppressive pathways, will concomitantly overcome multiple immune suppressive mechanisms, and prevent ovarian cancer in mice.
In a pilot study, ovarian cancer was induced in female C57BL/6 (H-2Kb) mice (Jackson Laboratories) at 8 weeks old, by intraperitoneal (I.P.) injection of 1 x 106 ID8-RFP ovarian tumor cells in 5 mice/ group. We determined the efficacy of anti-PD-1 antibody (RMP1-14, BioXCell; 200ug/ dose, 0.5 ml vol. I.P., 4 doses) given alone or with a RON inhibitor, BMS-777607 (each dose 50 mg/ kg body weight, 20 doses orally over 5 weeks; Selleck Chemicals). Mice were euthanized at about day 70 when control mice with disease had extended abdomens.
Results
Treatment of mice with an anti-PD-1 blocking antibody combined with a RON inhibitor resulted in disease improvement in 5/5 mice. The average volume of ascites recovered from 5 combination treated mice was 1.62 ml (2/5 mice had no ascites) compared with 6.64 ml from the corresponding control (a 4-fold reduction in ascites with combination treatment). There was an average 2 fold reduction in ascites volume in anti-PD-1 antibody treated mice in comparison with IgG controls (4.14 ml versus 8.62 ml). BMS-777607 treatment (vs vehicle) did not significantly alter ascites volume.
Flow cytometry evaluation of spleen cells showed that in the combination treated mouse group, there was an increase in the average percentage of CD3 (combined treatment group 26.7 vs control 8.5%), CD4 (10.6 vs control 5.0%) and CD8 T cells (10.6 vs control 2.7%). We are investigating changes in immune responses genes in RNA of intestines and livers.
Conclusions
Anti-PD-1 antibody treatment is effective in treating ovarian cancer in mice, but treatment with this agent combined with RON/ c-Met inhibitor, BMS-777607 is superior to either single therapy.
Combination treatment with these 2 agents holds promise as a novel therapeutic approach for ovarian cancer.
Citation Format: Maureen Drakes, Swati Mehrotra, Ronald Potkul, Yueying Liu, M. Sharon Stack, Patrick Stiff. Enhancement of immune checkpoint PD-1 blockade efficacy in ovarian cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 1688.
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Harper E, Loughran E, Leonard A, Hilliard T, Asem M, Liu Y, Yang J, Klymenko Y, Johnson J, Sheedy E, Shi Z, Leevy M, Ravosa M, Stack MS. Abstract 5005: Aging promotes changes to peritoneal and omental collagen structure that contribute to increased ovarian cancer metastatic success. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2018-5005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the deadliest cancer of the female reproductive system, ranking fifth in overall cancer deaths among women. Unlike the majority of cancers, OvCa metastasizes via diffusion through the peritoneal cavity, resulting in multiple metastatic sites, including the omentum and peritoneum. These metastasizing OvCa cells induce rapid mesothelial cell retraction and readily adhere to the sub-mesothelial collagen of the extracellular matrix. Epidemiologic data identifies age as a significant risk factor in OvCa, as about half of diagnoses are in women over the age of 63. Despite this, age is understudied in the OvCa field. Using a C57Bl/6 mouse model of aging, young (Y) mice ranging from 3-6 months of age, and aged (A) mice ranging from 20-23 months of age, corresponding to women aged 20-30 years (Y) and 60-67 years (A) were used to study the role aging has on metastasis. Fluorescently tagged C57Bl/6 syngeneic ID8 p53-/- mouse OvCa surface epithelial cells were injected intraperitoneally in young and aged mice and disease progression was evaluated for 5.5 weeks. Organ-specific tumor burden was quantified with ImageJ, revealing increased tumor burden in aged mice compared to their young counterparts. These results were reproduced in the FVB mouse model using syngeneic PTENshRNA/KRASG12V modified FVB OvCa oviductal epithelial cells. Second Harmonic Generation Microscopy (SHG) was used to visualize collagen of the peritoneal and omental tissues from young and aged C57Bl/6 mice. Distinct structural differences were shown in omental collagen in the Y vs A cohorts and validated with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Additionally, Nanoindentation illustrated mechanical differences between young and aged peritoneal samples. In conclusion, aging induces changes in the structure and mechanical strength of peritoneal and omental collagen, which contribute to OvCa metastasis.
Citation Format: Elizabeth Harper, Elizabeth Loughran, Annemarie Leonard, Tyvette Hilliard, Marwa Asem, Yueying Liu, Jing Yang, Yuliya Klymenko, Jeff Johnson, Emma Sheedy, Zonggao Shi, Matthew Leevy, Matthew Ravosa, M. Sharon Stack. Aging promotes changes to peritoneal and omental collagen structure that contribute to increased ovarian cancer metastatic success [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5005.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Marwa Asem
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | | | - Jing Yang
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
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Drakes ML, Mehrotra S, Aldulescu M, Potkul RK, Liu Y, Grisoli A, Joyce C, O'Brien TE, Stack MS, Stiff PJ. Stratification of ovarian tumor pathology by expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand- 1 (PD-L1) in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2018. [PMID: 29843813 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0414-z] [] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the major cause of death among gynecologic cancers with 75% of patients diagnosed with advanced disease, and only 20% of these patients having a survival duration of five years. Treatments blocking immune checkpoint molecules, programmed cell death (PD-1) or its ligand PD-ligand- I (PD-L1) have produced a beneficial and prolonged effect in a subgroup of these patients. However, there is debate in the literature concerning the prognostic value of the expression of these molecules in tumors, with immunotherapy responsiveness, and survival. We evaluated the immune landscape of the ovarian tumor microenvironment of patients, by measuring the impact of the expression of tumor PD-1, PD-L1 and infiltrating lymphocytes on stage and grade of tumors and survival, in a cohort of 55 patients with gynecologic malignancies. Most patients under study were diagnosed with advanced disease ovarian cancer. RESULTS Our studies revealed that a low density of PD-1 and of PD-L1 expressing cells in tumor tissue were significantly associated with advanced disease (P = 0.028 and P = 0.033, respectively). Moreover, PD-L1 was expressed significantly more often in high grade tumors (41.5%) than in low grade tumors of patients (7.7%) (P = 0.040). The presence of CD3 or of FoxP3 infiltrating cells with PD-L1 in patient tumors did not impact the significance of the association of PD-L1 with high grade tumors (P = 0.040), and our analyses did not show an association between the presence of PD-1 or PD-L1 and survival. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a subgroup of advanced disease ovarian cancer patients with high grade tumors, expressing PD-L1, may be prime candidates for immunotherapy targeting PD-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Drakes
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Oncology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Bldg. 112, Room 232, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Swati Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Monica Aldulescu
- Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ronald K Potkul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Anne Grisoli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Cara Joyce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Brien
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, and Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Patrick J Stiff
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Oncology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Bldg. 112, Room 232, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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Drakes ML, Mehrotra S, Aldulescu M, Potkul RK, Liu Y, Grisoli A, Joyce C, O'Brien TE, Stack MS, Stiff PJ. Stratification of ovarian tumor pathology by expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand- 1 (PD-L1) in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2018; 11:43. [PMID: 29843813 PMCID: PMC5975524 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Ovarian cancer is the major cause of death among gynecologic cancers with 75% of patients diagnosed with advanced disease, and only 20% of these patients having a survival duration of five years. Treatments blocking immune checkpoint molecules, programmed cell death (PD-1) or its ligand PD-ligand- I (PD-L1) have produced a beneficial and prolonged effect in a subgroup of these patients. However, there is debate in the literature concerning the prognostic value of the expression of these molecules in tumors, with immunotherapy responsiveness, and survival. We evaluated the immune landscape of the ovarian tumor microenvironment of patients, by measuring the impact of the expression of tumor PD-1, PD-L1 and infiltrating lymphocytes on stage and grade of tumors and survival, in a cohort of 55 patients with gynecologic malignancies. Most patients under study were diagnosed with advanced disease ovarian cancer. Results Our studies revealed that a low density of PD-1 and of PD-L1 expressing cells in tumor tissue were significantly associated with advanced disease (P = 0.028 and P = 0.033, respectively). Moreover, PD-L1 was expressed significantly more often in high grade tumors (41.5%) than in low grade tumors of patients (7.7%) (P = 0.040). The presence of CD3 or of FoxP3 infiltrating cells with PD-L1 in patient tumors did not impact the significance of the association of PD-L1 with high grade tumors (P = 0.040), and our analyses did not show an association between the presence of PD-1 or PD-L1 and survival. Conclusions We conclude that a subgroup of advanced disease ovarian cancer patients with high grade tumors, expressing PD-L1, may be prime candidates for immunotherapy targeting PD-1 signaling. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13048-018-0414-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Drakes
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Oncology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Bldg. 112, Room 232, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Swati Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Monica Aldulescu
- Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ronald K Potkul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Anne Grisoli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Cara Joyce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Brien
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, and Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Patrick J Stiff
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Oncology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Bldg. 112, Room 232, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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25
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Drakes ML, Mehrotra S, Aldulescu M, Potkul RK, Liu Y, Grisoli A, Joyce C, O'Brien TE, Stack MS, Stiff PJ. Stratification of ovarian tumor pathology by expression of programmed cell death-1 (PD-1) and PD-ligand- 1 (PD-L1) in ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2018. [PMID: 29843813 DOI: 10.1186/s13048-018-0414-z]+[] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is the major cause of death among gynecologic cancers with 75% of patients diagnosed with advanced disease, and only 20% of these patients having a survival duration of five years. Treatments blocking immune checkpoint molecules, programmed cell death (PD-1) or its ligand PD-ligand- I (PD-L1) have produced a beneficial and prolonged effect in a subgroup of these patients. However, there is debate in the literature concerning the prognostic value of the expression of these molecules in tumors, with immunotherapy responsiveness, and survival. We evaluated the immune landscape of the ovarian tumor microenvironment of patients, by measuring the impact of the expression of tumor PD-1, PD-L1 and infiltrating lymphocytes on stage and grade of tumors and survival, in a cohort of 55 patients with gynecologic malignancies. Most patients under study were diagnosed with advanced disease ovarian cancer. RESULTS Our studies revealed that a low density of PD-1 and of PD-L1 expressing cells in tumor tissue were significantly associated with advanced disease (P = 0.028 and P = 0.033, respectively). Moreover, PD-L1 was expressed significantly more often in high grade tumors (41.5%) than in low grade tumors of patients (7.7%) (P = 0.040). The presence of CD3 or of FoxP3 infiltrating cells with PD-L1 in patient tumors did not impact the significance of the association of PD-L1 with high grade tumors (P = 0.040), and our analyses did not show an association between the presence of PD-1 or PD-L1 and survival. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that a subgroup of advanced disease ovarian cancer patients with high grade tumors, expressing PD-L1, may be prime candidates for immunotherapy targeting PD-1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maureen L Drakes
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Oncology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Bldg. 112, Room 232, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA.
| | - Swati Mehrotra
- Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Monica Aldulescu
- Department of Pathology, Stritch School of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Ronald K Potkul
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Anne Grisoli
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Cara Joyce
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, USA
| | - Timothy E O'Brien
- Department of Mathematics & Statistics, and Institute of Environmental Sustainability, Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Patrick J Stiff
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Oncology Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Loyola University Chicago, Bldg. 112, Room 232, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
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Loughran EA, Leonard AK, Hilliard TS, Phan RC, Yemc MG, Harper E, Sheedy E, Klymenko Y, Asem M, Liu Y, Yang J, Johnson J, Tarwater L, Shi Z, Leevy M, Ravosa MJ, Stack MS. Aging Increases Susceptibility to Ovarian Cancer Metastasis in Murine Allograft Models and Alters Immune Composition of Peritoneal Adipose Tissue. Neoplasia 2018; 20:621-631. [PMID: 29754071 PMCID: PMC5994778 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer, the most deadly gynecological malignancy in U.S. women, metastasizes uniquely, spreading through the peritoneal cavity and often generating widespread metastatic sites before diagnosis. The vast majority of ovarian cancer cases occur in women over 40 and the median age at diagnosis is 63. Additionally, elderly women receive poorer prognoses when diagnosed with ovarian cancer. Despite age being a significant risk factor for the development of this cancer, there are little published data which address the impact of aging on ovarian cancer metastasis. Here we report that the aged host is more susceptible to metastatic success using two murine syngeneic allograft models of ovarian cancer metastasis. This age-related increase in metastatic tumor burden corresponds with an increase in tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) in tumor-bearing mice and alteration of B cell-related pathways in gonadal adipose tissue. Based on this work, further studies elucidating the status of B cell TILs in mouse models of metastasis and human tumors in the context of aging are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Loughran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Annemarie K Leonard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Tyvette S Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Ryan C Phan
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Madeleine G Yemc
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Elizabeth Harper
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Emma Sheedy
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Yuliya Klymenko
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Marwa Asem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Jeff Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Laura Tarwater
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Matthew Leevy
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Matthew J Ravosa
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN.
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Feist PE, Loughran EA, Stack MS, Hummon AB. Quantitative proteomic analysis of murine white adipose tissue for peritoneal cancer metastasis. Anal Bioanal Chem 2017; 410:1583-1594. [PMID: 29282499 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-017-0813-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer metastasis risk increases in older individuals, but the mechanisms for this risk increase are unclear. Many peritoneal cancers, including ovarian cancer, preferentially metastasize to peritoneal fat depots. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring aged peritoneal adipose tissue in the context of cancer. Because adipose tissue produces signals which influence several diseases including cancer, proteomics of adipose tissue in aged and young mice may provide insight into metastatic mechanisms. We analyzed mesenteric, omental, and uterine adipose tissue groups from the peritoneal cavities of young and aged C57BL/6J mouse cohorts with a low-fraction SDS-PAGE gelLC-MS/MS method. We identified 2308 protein groups and quantified 2167 groups, among which several protein groups showed twofold or greater abundance differences between the aged and young cohorts. Cancer-related gene products previously identified as significant in another age-related study were found altered in this study. Several gene products known to suppress proliferation and cellular invasion were found downregulated in the aged cohort, including R-Ras, Arid1a, and heat shock protein β1. In addition, multiple protein groups were identified within single cohorts, including the proteins Cd11a, Stat3, and Ptk2b. These data suggest that adipose tissue is a strong candidate for analysis to identify possible contributors to cancer metastasis in older subjects. The results of this study, the first of its kind using uterine adipose tissue, contribute to the understanding of the role of adipose tissue in age-related alteration of oncogenic pathways, which may help elucidate the mechanisms of increased metastatic tumor burden in the aged. Graphical abstract We analyzed mesenteric, omental, and uterine adipose tissue groups from the peritoneal cavities of young and aged C57BL/6J mouse cohorts with a low-fraction SDS-PAGE gelLC-MS/MS method. These fat depots are preferential sites for many peritoneal cancers. The results of this study, the first of its kind using uterine adipose tissue, contribute to the understanding of the role of adipose tissue in age-related alteration of oncogenic pathways, which may help elucidate the mechanisms of increased metastatic tumor burden in the aged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter E Feist
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Loughran
- Integrated Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 251 140B McCourtney Hall, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
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28
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Bruney L, Liu Y, Grisoli A, Ravosa MJ, Stack MS. Integrin-linked kinase activity modulates the pro-metastatic behavior of ovarian cancer cells. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21968-81. [PMID: 26959113 PMCID: PMC5008337 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most fatal gynecologic cancer in the U.S., resulting in >14,000 deaths/year. Most women are diagnosed at late stage with widely disseminated intra-peritoneal metastatic disease, resulting in a 5-year survival rate of <30%. EOCs spread via direct extension and exfoliation into the peritoneal cavity, adhesion to peritoneal mesothelial cells, mesothelial cell retraction to expose sub-mseothelial matrix and anchoring in the type I collagen-rich matrix to generate secondary lesions. As a molecular-level understanding of EOC metastasis may identify novel therapeutic targets, the current study evaluated the expression and activity of integrin-linked kinase (ILK), a Ser/Thr protein kinase activated upon integrin-mediated adhesion. Results show that ILK is co-expressed in EOC with the pro-metastatic enzyme membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and catalyzed phosphorylation of the cytoplasmic tail of the proteinase. Downregulation of ILK expression or activity reduced adhesion to and invasion of collagen gels and organotypic meso-mimetic cultures. As an initial early event in EOC metastasis is integrin-mediated adhesion, these results suggest that further evaluation of ILK inhibitors as anti-metastatic agents in EOC is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Bruney
- Department of Medical Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.,Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Anne Grisoli
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Matthew J Ravosa
- Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Medical Physiology & Pharmacology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, MO, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, USA.,Departments of Chemistry & Biochemistry and University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
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29
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Bailey KA, Klymenko Y, Feist PE, Hummon AB, Stack MS, Schultz ZD. Chemical Analysis of Morphological Changes in Lysophosphatidic Acid-Treated Ovarian Cancer Cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15295. [PMID: 29127342 PMCID: PMC5681516 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15547-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) cells are reported to undergo biochemical changes at the cell surface in response to treatment with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA). Here we use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and multiplex coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) imaging via supercontinuum excitation to probe morphological changes that result from LPA treatment. SEM images show distinct shedding of microvilli-like features upon treatment with LPA. Analysis of multiplex CARS images can distinguish between molecular components, such as lipids and proteins. Our results indicate that OvCa429 and SKOV3ip epithelial ovarian cancer cells undergo similar morphological and chemical responses to treatment with LPA. The microvilli-like structures on the surface of multicellular aggregates (MCAs) are removed by treatment with LPA. The CARS analysis shows a distinct decrease in protein and increase in lipid composition on the surface of LPA-treated cells. Importantly, the CARS signals from cellular sheddings from MCAs with LPA treatment are consistent with cleavage of proteins originally present. Mass spectrometry on the cellular sheddings show that a large number of proteins, both membrane and intracellular, are present. An increased number of peptides are detected for the mesenchymal cell line relative to the epithelial cell indicating a differential response to LPA treatment with cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Bailey
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Yuliya Klymenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Peter E Feist
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
| | - Amanda B Hummon
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA
| | - Zachary D Schultz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, 46556, USA.
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN, 46617, USA.
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Loughran EA, Phan RC, Leonard AK, Tarwater L, Asem M, Liu Y, Yang J, Klymenko Y, Johnson J, Shi Z, Hilliard TS, Blumenthaler M, Leevy M, Ravosa MJ, Stack MS. Multiparity activates interferon pathways in peritoneal adipose tissue and decreases susceptibility to ovarian cancer metastasis in a murine allograft model. Cancer Lett 2017; 411:74-81. [PMID: 28964786 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2017.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the fifth leading cause of cancer deaths in U.S. women and the deadliest gynecologic malignancy. This lethality is largely due to the fact that most cases are diagnosed at metastatic stages of the disease when the prognosis is poor. Epidemiologic studies consistently demonstrate that parous women have a reduced risk of developing ovarian cancer, with a greater number of births affording greater protection; however little is known about the impact of parity on ovarian cancer metastasis. Here we report that multiparous mice are less susceptible to ovarian cancer metastasis in an age-matched syngeneic murine allograft model. Interferon pathways were found to be upregulated in healthy adipose tissue of multiparous mice, suggesting a possible mechanism for the multiparous-related protective effect against metastasis. This protective effect was found to be lost with age. Based on this work, future studies exploring therapeutic strategies which harness the multiparity-associated protective effect demonstrated here are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Loughran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Ryan C Phan
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Annemarie K Leonard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Laura Tarwater
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Marwa Asem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Yuliya Klymenko
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jeff Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Tyvette S Hilliard
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | | | - Matthew Leevy
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Matthew J Ravosa
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Aerospace and Mechanical Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Department of Anthropology, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.
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Sutton BC, Birse RT, Maggert K, Ray T, Hobbs J, Ezenekwe A, Kazmierczak J, Mosko M, Kish J, Bullock A, Shi Z, Stack MS, Irwin D. Assessment of common somatic mutations of EGFR, KRAS, BRAF, NRAS in pulmonary non-small cell carcinoma using iPLEX® HS, a new highly sensitive assay for the MassARRAY® System. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0183715. [PMID: 28926605 PMCID: PMC5604939 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0183715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased early detection and personalized therapy for lung cancer have coincided with greater use of minimally invasive sampling techniques such as endobronchial ultrasound-guided biopsy (EBUS), endoscopic ultrasound-guided biopsy (EUS), and navigational biopsy, as well as thin needle core biopsies. As many lung cancer patients have late stage disease and other comorbidities that make open surgical procedures hazardous, the least invasive biopsy technique with the highest potential specimen yield is now the preferred first diagnostic study. However, use of these less invasive procedures generates significant analytical challenges for the laboratory, such as a requirement for robust detection of low level somatic mutations, particularly when the starting sample is very small or demonstrates few intact tumor cells. In this study, we assessed 179 clinical cases of non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) that had been previously tested for EGFR, KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF mutations using a novel multiplexed analytic approach that reduces wild-type signal and allows for detection of low mutation load approaching 1%, iPLEX® HS panel for the MassARRAY® System (Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA). This highly sensitive system identified approximately 10% more KRAS, NRAS, EGFR and BRAF mutations than were detected by the original test platform, which had a sensitivity range of 5-10% variant allele frequency (VAF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobbie C. Sutton
- Pathology Department, South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Ryan T. Birse
- Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Kevin Maggert
- Pathology Department, South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Tammy Ray
- Pathology Department, South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Jessica Hobbs
- Pathology Department, South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Amobi Ezenekwe
- Pathology Department, South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | | | - Michael Mosko
- Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA, United States of America
| | - Joan Kish
- Pathology Department, South Bend Medical Foundation, South Bend, IN, United States of America
| | - Andrew Bullock
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States of America
| | - Darryl Irwin
- Agena Bioscience, San Diego, CA, United States of America
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Klymenko Y, Kim O, Stack MS. Complex Determinants of Epithelial: Mesenchymal Phenotypic Plasticity in Ovarian Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2017; 9:cancers9080104. [PMID: 28792442 PMCID: PMC5575607 DOI: 10.3390/cancers9080104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2017] [Revised: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Unlike most epithelial malignancies which metastasize hematogenously, metastasis of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) occurs primarily via transcoelomic dissemination, characterized by exfoliation of cells from the primary tumor, avoidance of detachment-induced cell death (anoikis), movement throughout the peritoneal cavity as individual cells and multi-cellular aggregates (MCAs), adhesion to and disruption of the mesothelial lining of the peritoneum, and submesothelial matrix anchoring and proliferation to generate widely disseminated metastases. This exceptional microenvironment is highly permissive for phenotypic plasticity, enabling mesenchymal-to-epithelial (MET) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal (EMT) transitions. In this review, we summarize current knowledge on EOC heterogeneity in an EMT context, outline major regulators of EMT in ovarian cancer, address controversies in EMT and EOC chemoresistance, and highlight computational modeling approaches toward understanding EMT/MET in EOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya Klymenko
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.
| | - Oleg Kim
- Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
- Department of Mathematics, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46617, USA.
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Sawe RT, Mining SK, Ofulla AV, Patel K, Guyah B, Chumba D, Prosperi JR, Kerper M, Shi Z, Sandoval-Cooper M, Taylor K, Badve S, Stack MS, Littlepage LE. Tumor infiltrating leukocyte density is independent of tumor grade and molecular subtype in aggressive breast cancer of Western Kenya. Trop Med Health 2017; 45:19. [PMID: 28794686 PMCID: PMC5543450 DOI: 10.1186/s41182-017-0059-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumors commonly are infiltrated by leukocytes, or tumor infiltrating leukocytes (TILs). It remains unclear, however, if the density and type of individual TILs has a direct or simply correlative role in promoting poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Breast cancer in Kenyan women is aggressive with presentation at a young age, with advanced grade (grade III), large tumor size (>2.0 cm), and poor prognosis. We previously observed that the tumors were predominantly estrogen receptor positive (ER+) but also included both a high percentage of triple negative tumors and also increased immune cell infiltration within the tumors. We used breast tumor tissues from each patient to make tissue microarrays that were then stained for leukocyte and myeloid markers including CD4, CD8, CD20, CD25, CD68, and CD163 using immunohistochemical techniques. The immune cell infiltration into the cancer tissue included increased numbers of macrophages (CD68+), helper T cells (CD4+), and CD25+ lymphocytes compared to benign tissue. Results This study characterized the grade, molecular subtypes, and proliferation index of these tumors and determined if TIL density was enriched across any of these factors. We analyzed 49 malignant patient tissue samples for this study. The patient population had a mean age of 51.9 years. The tumors analyzed were heterogeneous by grade: grade I (6%), grade II (47%), and grade III (39%). Most patients presented with large tumors (>2.0 cm) (69%). We classified the tumors into molecular subtypes based on clinical marker expression. Based on this analysis, the molecular subtype distribution was heterogeneous with luminal B (41%), basal/triple negative (TN) (37%), luminal A (14%) and HER2 (8%) breast cancer subtypes. While the basal/TN subtype had a much higher proliferative index (Ki-67+) than did the other molecular subtypes, we did not see a significant correlation between TIL density and either subtype or tumor grade. Therefore, TIL density is independent of molecular subtype and grade. Conclusion This study identified a Kenyan patient cohort that develops large, high-grade tumors primarily of the luminal B and basal molecular subtypes. After analyzing the TILs within these tumors, we found that immune cell infiltration of these tumors correlated with increased proliferation but not grade or molecular subtype. Future research is required to determine if the aberrant recruitment of TILs to tumors contributes to cancer progression and response to cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rispah T Sawe
- Department of Immunology, Moi University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, P.O.Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya.,University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, 46617 IN USA
| | - Simeon K Mining
- Department of Immunology, Moi University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, P.O.Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Ayub V Ofulla
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - Kirtika Patel
- Department of Immunology, Moi University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, P.O.Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Bernard Guyah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Public Health and Community Development, Maseno University, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - David Chumba
- Department of Immunology, Moi University, College of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, P.O.Box 4606-30100, Eldoret, Kenya
| | - Jenifer R Prosperi
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, 46617 IN USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine - South Bend, South Bend, IN USA
| | - Maggie Kerper
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, 46617 IN USA
| | - Zonggao Shi
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, 46617 IN USA
| | - Mayra Sandoval-Cooper
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, 46617 IN USA
| | - Katherine Taylor
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN USA
| | - Sunil Badve
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, 46617 IN USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, 46617 IN USA
| | - Laurie E Littlepage
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, South Bend, 46617 IN USA
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Yang J, Kasberg WC, Celo A, Liang Z, Quispe K, Stack MS. Post-translational modification of the membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) cytoplasmic tail impacts ovarian cancer multicellular aggregate dynamics. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:13111-13121. [PMID: 28655772 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m117.800904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14) is a transmembrane collagenase highly expressed in metastatic ovarian cancer and correlates with poor survival. Accumulating evidence shows that the cytoplasmic tail of MT1-MMP is subjected to phosphorylation, and this post-translational modification regulates enzymatic activity at the cell surface. To investigate the potential role of MT1-MMP cytoplasmic residue Thr567 phosphorylation in regulation of metastasis-associated behaviors, ovarian cancer cells that express low endogenous levels of MT1-MMP were engineered to express wild-type MT1-MMP, a phosphomimetic mutant (T567E), or a phosphodeficient mutant (T567A). Results show that Thr567 modulation influences behavior of both individual cells and multicellular aggregates (MCAs). The acquisition of either wild-type or mutant MT1-MMP expression results in altered cohesion of epithelial sheets and the formation of more compact MCAs relative to parental cells. Cells expressing MT1-MMP-T567E phosphomimetic mutants exhibit enhanced cell migration. Furthermore, MCAs formed from MT1-MMP-T567E-expressing cells adhere avidly to both intact ex vivo peritoneal explants and three-dimensional collagen gels. Interaction of these MCAs with peritoneal mesothelium disrupts mesothelial integrity, exposing the submesothelial collagen matrix on which MT1-MMP-T567E MCAs rapidly disperse. Together, these findings suggest that post-translational regulation of the Thr567 in the MT1-MMP cytoplasmic tail may function as a regulatory mechanism to impact ovarian cancer metastatic success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - William C Kasberg
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Angela Celo
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Zhong Liang
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and
| | - Kristal Quispe
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - M Sharon Stack
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
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Hilliard T, Iwamoto K, Loughran E, Asem M, Liu Y, Yang J, Tarwater L, Klymenko Y, Johnson J, Shi Z, Stack MS. Abstract TMEM-025: IMPACT OF MESOTHELIN EXPRESSION ON THE METASTATIC SUCCESS OF OVARIAN CANCER. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovcasymp16-tmem-025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological cancer in U.S. women. Poor 5-year survival rates (<30%) are due to presentation of most women at diagnosis with advanced stage disease with widely disseminated intraperitoneal metastasis. However, when diagnosed before metastatic propagation the overall 5-year survival rate is >90%. Metastasizing tumor cells grow rapidly and aggressively attach to the mesothelium of all organs within the peritoneal cavity, including the parietal peritoneum and the omentum, producing secondary lesions. Mesothelin (MSLN), a 40kDa glycoprotein that is over expressed in many cancers including ovarian and mesotheliomas is suggested to play a role in cell survival, proliferation, tumor progression and adherence. However, the biological function of mesothelin is not fully understood as MSLN knockout mice do not present with an abnormal phenotype. Conversely, MSLN has been shown to bind to the ovarian cancer antigen, CA-125, and thought to play a role in the peritoneal diffusion of ovarian tumor cells. Taking into consideration the potential importance of MSLN/CA-125 binding in ovarian tumor metastasis within the peritoneum, MSLN wild type (WT) and knockout (KO) mice were used to explore the role of mesothelin on the susceptibility of ovarian tumor cells to adhere to the mesothelium of the organs in the peritoneal cavity. An ex vivo peritoneal assay, using CA-125 positive human ovarian tumor cells OVCAR8-GFP and peritoneal explants from MSLN WT and KO mice demonstrated a decrease in OVCAR8-GFP cell adhesion to peritoneal tissues from MSLN KO mice compared to MSLN WT mice. Furthermore, allograft tumor studies using MSLN WT and KO mice injected intraperitoneally with fluorescently-tagged syngeneic murine ovarian cancer cells (ID8-RFP) was performed. Disease progression was evaluated post injection by fluorescent in vivo imaging prior to end point dissection (~8 weeks). Abdominal organs were dissected, imaged ex vivo and organ-specific tumor burden was quantified by tumor area. Tumor burden was significantly decreased in the liver and omentum of MSLN KO mice compared to MSLN WT mice. Together, the results demonstrate a loss of mesothelial cell-ovarian tumor cell adhesion in the omentum and peritoneum of mice that do not express MSLN.
Citation Format: Tyvette Hilliard, Kyle Iwamoto, Elizabeth Loughran, Marwa Asem, Yueying Liu, Jing Yang, Laura Tarwater, Yuliya Klymenko, Jeff Johnson, Zonggao Shi, and M. Sharon Stack. IMPACT OF MESOTHELIN EXPRESSION ON THE METASTATIC SUCCESS OF OVARIAN CANCER [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr TMEM-025.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyvette Hilliard
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Kyle Iwamoto
- 3Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Elizabeth Loughran
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 4Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Marwa Asem
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Yueying Liu
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Jing Yang
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Laura Tarwater
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Yuliya Klymenko
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 5Department of Biological Sciences,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Jeff Johnson
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Zonggao Shi
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 2Harper Cancer Research Institute,
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
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Loughran E, Leonard A, Phan R, Tarwater L, Hilliard T, Asem M, Liu Y, Yang J, Klymenko Y, Johnson J, Shi Z, Leevy M, Ravosa M, Stack MS. Abstract TMEM-029: AGING INCREASES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OVARIAN CANCER METASTASIS IN A MURINE ALLOGRAFT MODEL. Clin Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3265.ovcasymp16-tmem-029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ovarian cancer (OvCa) is the leading gynecological malignancy in women in the United States. OvCa metastasizes uniquely, spreading through the peritoneal cavity and generating widespread metastatic sites. The vast majority of OvCa cases occur in women over 40 and the median age at diagnosis is 63 (SEER). Despite age being a significant risk factor for the development of OvCa, there is a paucity of studies addressing the role of aging in OvCa metastasis. To our knowledge, there are no reports utilizing old mice to investigate the effects of age on metastasis in vivo. We designed a study using a C57BL/6 model of aging where young (Y) mice are 3-6 months of age and aged (A) mice are 20-23 months of age, corresponding to young (20-30 years) and aged (60-67 years) humans. Using the C57BL/6 syngeneic ID8 mouse ovarian surface epithelial cell line, we tested the effect of aging on metastatic success in vivo. An allograft study was carried out with Y and A mice that were intraperitoneally injected with 3.7x106 ID8 RFP-tagged cells. The mice were imaged once a week starting at 4.5 weeks post injection and were sacrificed for dissection at 8 weeks post injection. Live imaging suggested OvCa metastasis was more efficient in the aged animals than in the young animals. After dissection, the abdominal organs were imaged ex vivo and tumor burden was quantified. The aged mice displayed heavier tumor burden in the gonadal fat compared to the young. Interestingly, no difference in metastasis to the omentum was detected. To investigate why gonadal fat is more receptive to metastasis in the aged animals, periovarian adipose from 4 young and 4 aged healthy non-tumor bearing mice was isolated for RNAseq analysis. Several immune pathways involving B cells were found to be significantly upregulated in the RNA from aged animals. Studies will be conducted to elucidate the status of B cells in aging periovarian adipose, including immunohistochemistry for CD45 and other B cell markers upregulated in the RNAseq dataset.
Citation Format: Elizabeth Loughran, Annemarie Leonard, Ryan Phan, Laura Tarwater, Tyvette Hilliard, Marwa Asem, Yueying Liu, Jing Yang, Yuliya Klymenko, Jeff Johnson, Zonggao Shi, Matthew Leevy, Matthew Ravosa and M. Sharon Stack. AGING INCREASES SUSCEPTIBILITY TO OVARIAN CANCER METASTASIS IN A MURINE ALLOGRAFT MODEL [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 11th Biennial Ovarian Cancer Research Symposium; Sep 12-13, 2016; Seattle, WA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2017;23(11 Suppl):Abstract nr TMEM-029.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Loughran
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 3Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Annemarie Leonard
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Ryan Phan
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Laura Tarwater
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Tyvette Hilliard
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Marwa Asem
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
- 3Integrated Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Yueying Liu
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Jing Yang
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Yuliya Klymenko
- 2Department of Biological Sciences,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Jeff Johnson
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Zonggao Shi
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Matthew Leevy
- 2Department of Biological Sciences,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Matthew Ravosa
- 2Department of Biological Sciences,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- 1Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry,
- 4Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN
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Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy in the United States. Mortality is due to diagnosis of 75% of women with late stage disease, when metastasis is already present. EOC is characterized by diffuse and widely disseminated intra-peritoneal metastasis. Cells shed from the primary tumor anchor in the mesothelium that lines the peritoneal cavity as well as in the omentum, resulting in multi-focal metastasis, often in the presence of peritoneal ascites. Efforts in our laboratory are directed at a more detailed understanding of factors that regulate EOC metastatic success. However, quantifying metastatic tumor burden represents a significant technical challenge due to the large number, small size and broad distribution of lesions throughout the peritoneum. Herein we describe a method for analysis of EOC metastasis using cells labeled with red fluorescent protein (RFP) coupled with in vivo multispectral imaging. Following intra-peritoneal injection of RFP-labelled tumor cells, mice are imaged weekly until time of sacrifice. At this time, the peritoneal cavity is surgically exposed and organs are imaged in situ. Dissected organs are then placed on a labeled transparent template and imaged ex vivo. Removal of tissue auto-fluorescence during image processing using multispectral unmixing enables accurate quantitation of relative tumor burden. This method has utility in a variety of applications including therapeutic studies to evaluate compounds that may inhibit metastasis and thereby improve overall survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle A Lewellen
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame
| | - Matthew N Metzinger
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame;
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Sawe RT, Kerper M, Badve S, Li J, Sandoval-Cooper M, Xie J, Shi Z, Patel K, Chumba D, Ofulla A, Prosperi J, Taylor K, Stack MS, Mining S, Littlepage LE. Aggressive breast cancer in western Kenya has early onset, high proliferation, and immune cell infiltration. BMC Cancer 2016; 16:204. [PMID: 26964534 PMCID: PMC4787041 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-016-2204-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer incidence and mortality vary significantly among different nations and racial groups. African nations have the highest breast cancer mortality rates in the world, even though the incidence rates are below those of many nations. Differences in disease progression suggest that aggressive breast tumors may harbor a unique molecular signature to promote disease progression. However, few studies have investigated the pathology and clinical markers expressed in breast tissue from regional African patient populations. Methods We collected 68 malignant and 89 non-cancerous samples from Kenyan breast tissue. To characterize the tumors from these patients, we constructed tissue microarrays (TMAs) from these tissues. Sections from these TMAs were stained and analyzed using immunohistochemistry to detect clinical breast cancer markers, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 receptor (HER2) status, Ki67, and immune cell markers. Results Thirty-three percent of the tumors were triple negative (ER-, PR-, HER2-), 59 % were ER+, and almost all tumors analyzed were HER2-. Seven percent of the breast cancer patients were male, and 30 % were <40 years old at diagnosis. Cancer tissue had increased immune cell infiltration with recruitment of CD163+ (M2 macrophage), CD25+ (regulatory T lymphocyte), and CD4+ (T helper) cells compared to non-cancer tissue. Conclusions We identified clinical biomarkers that may assist in identifying therapy strategies for breast cancer patients in western Kenya. Estrogen receptor status in particular should lead initial treatment strategies in these breast cancer patients. Increased CD25 expression suggests a need for additional treatment strategies designed to overcome immune suppression by CD25+ cells in order to promote the antitumor activity of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-016-2204-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rispah T Sawe
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA.,Moi University, Eldoret, Kenya.,Maseno University, Maseno, Kenya
| | - Maggie Kerper
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Sunil Badve
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jun Li
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Mayra Sandoval-Cooper
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Jingmeng Xie
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jenifer Prosperi
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend, South Bend, IN, USA
| | - Katherine Taylor
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Eck Institute for Global Health, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA.,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Laurie E Littlepage
- University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, USA. .,Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, 1234 N Notre Dame Avenue, South Bend, IN, USA. .,Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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Johnson JJ, Miller DL, Jiang R, Liu Y, Shi Z, Tarwater L, Williams R, Balsara R, Sauter ER, Stack MS. Protease-activated Receptor-2 (PAR-2)-mediated Nf-κB Activation Suppresses Inflammation-associated Tumor Suppressor MicroRNAs in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:6936-45. [PMID: 26839311 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.692640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral cancer is the sixth most common cause of death from cancer with an estimated 400,000 deaths worldwide and a low (50%) 5-year survival rate. The most common form of oral cancer is oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). OSCC is highly inflammatory and invasive, and the degree of inflammation correlates with tumor aggressiveness. The G protein-coupled receptor protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) plays a key role in inflammation. PAR-2 is activated via proteolytic cleavage by trypsin-like serine proteases, including kallikrein-5 (KLK5), or by treatment with activating peptides. PAR-2 activation induces G protein-α-mediated signaling, mobilizing intracellular calcium and Nf-κB signaling, leading to the increased expression of pro-inflammatory mRNAs. Little is known, however, about PAR-2 regulation of inflammation-related microRNAs. Here, we assess PAR-2 expression and function in OSCC cell lines and tissues. Stimulation of PAR-2 activates Nf-κB signaling, resulting in RelA nuclear translocation and enhanced expression of pro-inflammatory mRNAs. Concomitantly, suppression of the anti-inflammatory tumor suppressor microRNAs let-7d, miR-23b, and miR-200c was observed following PAR-2 stimulation. Analysis of orthotopic oral tumors generated by cells with reduced KLK5 expression showed smaller, less aggressive lesions with reduced inflammatory infiltrate relative to tumors generated by KLK5-expressing control cells. Together, these data support a model wherein KLK5-mediated PAR-2 activation regulates the expression of inflammation-associated mRNAs and microRNAs, thereby modulating progression of oral tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff J Johnson
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Daniel L Miller
- the Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri 65212
| | - Rong Jiang
- the Department of Human Genetics, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 75440
| | - Yueying Liu
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - Zonggao Shi
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | | | - Russell Williams
- the Department of Biology, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana 46634
| | - Rashna Balsara
- the W. M. Keck Center for Transgene Research, South Bend, Indiana 46617, and
| | - Edward R Sauter
- the Department of Surgery, University of Texas Health Science Center, Tyler, Texas 75799
| | - M Sharon Stack
- From the Harper Cancer Research Institute and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617,
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40
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Liu Y, Metzinger MN, Lewellen KA, Cripps SN, Carey KD, Harper EI, Shi Z, Tarwater L, Grisoli A, Lee E, Slusarz A, Yang J, Loughran EA, Conley K, Johnson JJ, Klymenko Y, Bruney L, Liang Z, Dovichi NJ, Cheatham B, Leevy WM, Stack MS. Obesity Contributes to Ovarian Cancer Metastatic Success through Increased Lipogenesis, Enhanced Vascularity, and Decreased Infiltration of M1 Macrophages. Cancer Res 2015; 75:5046-57. [PMID: 26573796 PMCID: PMC4668203 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-0706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the leading cause of death from gynecologic malignancy, with high mortality attributable to widespread intraperitoneal metastases. Recent meta-analyses report an association between obesity, ovarian cancer incidence, and ovarian cancer survival, but the effect of obesity on metastasis has not been evaluated. The objective of this study was to use an integrative approach combining in vitro, ex vivo, and in vivo studies to test the hypothesis that obesity contributes to ovarian cancer metastatic success. Initial in vitro studies using three-dimensional mesomimetic cultures showed enhanced cell-cell adhesion to the lipid-loaded mesothelium. Furthermore, in an ex vivo colonization assay, ovarian cancer cells exhibited increased adhesion to mesothelial explants excised from mice modeling diet-induced obesity (DIO), in which they were fed a "Western" diet. Examination of mesothelial ultrastructure revealed a substantial increase in the density of microvilli in DIO mice. Moreover, enhanced intraperitoneal tumor burden was observed in overweight or obese animals in three distinct in vivo models. Further histologic analyses suggested that alterations in lipid regulatory factors, enhanced vascularity, and decreased M1/M2 macrophage ratios may account for the enhanced tumorigenicity. Together, these findings show that obesity potently affects ovarian cancer metastatic success, which likely contributes to the negative correlation between obesity and ovarian cancer survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Matthew N Metzinger
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Kyle A Lewellen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Stephanie N Cripps
- University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, Ohio
| | - Kyle D Carey
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | | | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Laura Tarwater
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Annie Grisoli
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Eric Lee
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Ania Slusarz
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri. Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Elizabeth A Loughran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Kaitlyn Conley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Jeff J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Yuliya Klymenko
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Lana Bruney
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Department of Medical Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Zhong Liang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - Norman J Dovichi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | | | - W Matthew Leevy
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana. Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana.
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Slouka Z, Senapati S, Shah S, Lawler R, Shi Z, Stack MS, Chang HC. Integrated, DC voltage-driven nucleic acid diagnostic platform for real sample analysis: Detection of oral cancer. Talanta 2015; 145:35-42. [PMID: 26459441 PMCID: PMC4607926 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.04.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We present an integrated and low-cost microfluidic platform capable of extraction of nucleic acids from real biological samples. We demonstrate the application of this platform in pathogen detection and cancer screening. The integrated platform consists of three units including a pretreatment unit for separation of nucleic acids from lysates, a preconcentration unit for concentration of isolated nucleic acids and a sensing unit localized at a designated position on the chip for specific detection of the target nucleic acid. The platform is based on various electrokinetic phenomena exhibited by ion exchange membranes in a DC electrical field that allow them to serve as molecular filters, analyte preconcentrators and sensors. In this manuscript, we describe each unit of the integrated chip separately and show specific detection of a microRNA (miRNA 146a) biomarker associated with oral cancer as a proof-of-concept experiment. This platform technology can easily be extended to other targets of interest by optimizing the properties of the ion exchange membranes and the specific probes functionalized onto the sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zdenek Slouka
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Chemistry and Technology, Technicka 3, Prague 6 16628, Czech Republic
| | - Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sunny Shah
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Robin Lawler
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Burkhalter RJ, Westfall SD, Liu Y, Stack MS. Lysophosphatidic Acid Initiates Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition and Induces β-Catenin-mediated Transcription in Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:22143-54. [PMID: 26175151 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.641092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
During tumor progression, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) cells undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), which influences metastatic success. Mutation-dependent activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling has been implicated in gain of mesenchymal phenotype and loss of differentiation in several solid tumors; however, similar mutations are rare in most EOC histotypes. Nevertheless, evidence for activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling in EOC has been reported, and immunohistochemical analysis of human EOC tumors demonstrates nuclear staining in all histotypes. This study addresses the hypothesis that the bioactive lipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), prevalent in the EOC microenvironment, functions to regulate EMT in EOC. Our results demonstrate that LPA induces loss of junctional β-catenin, stimulates clustering of β1 integrins, and enhances the conformationally active population of surface β1 integrins. Furthermore, LPA treatment initiates nuclear translocation of β-catenin and transcriptional activation of Wnt/β-catenin target genes resulting in gain of mesenchymal marker expression. Together these data suggest that LPA initiates EMT in ovarian tumors through β1-integrin-dependent activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, providing a novel mechanism for mutation-independent activation of this pathway in EOC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Burkhalter
- From the Departments of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology and the Harper Cancer Research Institute
| | - Suzanne D Westfall
- Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri 65212 and
| | - Yueying Liu
- the Harper Cancer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
| | - M Sharon Stack
- the Harper Cancer Research Institute, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana 46617
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Shi Z, Johnson JJ, Jiang R, Liu Y, Stack MS. Decrease of miR-146a is associated with the aggressiveness of human oral squamous cell carcinoma. Arch Oral Biol 2015; 60:1416-27. [PMID: 26159827 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
With the aim to identify microRNAs that may contribute to oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) progression, we compared the microRNA expression profiles of two related cell lines that form tumors with differential aggressiveness. A panel of 28 microRNAs was found to be more than 1.5-fold altered, among which miR-146a was the most significantly changed (-4.6-fold). Loss of miR-146a expression was validated in human high-grade tumors, while normal oral mucosa retained expression, using fluorescence in situ hybridization on a tissue microarray. Restoration of miR-146a in SCC25 and UMSCC1 cells decreased in vitro invasive activity, suppressed tumor growth in vivo, and decreased the incidence of UMSCC1 lung metastasis. The transcription factor Sox2 was found to be a putative target of miR-146a. In conclusion, the loss or decrease of miR-146a is a new feature that is associated with more aggressive behaviour in oral squamous carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zonggao Shi
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States.
| | - Jeffrey J Johnson
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States
| | - Rong Jiang
- Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, United States
| | - Yueying Liu
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States
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Mitra AK, Davis DA, Tomar S, Roy L, Gurler H, Xie J, Lantvit DD, Cardenas H, Fang F, Liu Y, Loughran E, Yang J, Sharon Stack M, Emerson RE, Cowden Dahl KD, V Barbolina M, Nephew KP, Matei D, Burdette JE. In vivo tumor growth of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cell lines. Gynecol Oncol 2015; 138:372-7. [PMID: 26050922 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2015.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Revised: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genomic studies of ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines frequently used in research revealed that these cells do not fully represent high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC), the most common OC histologic type. However, OC lines that appear to genomically resemble HGSOC have not been extensively used and their growth characteristics in murine xenografts are essentially unknown. METHODS To better understand growth patterns and characteristics of HGSOC cell lines in vivo, CAOV3, COV362, KURAMOCHI, NIH-OVCAR3, OVCAR4, OVCAR5, OVCAR8, OVSAHO, OVKATE, SNU119 and UWB1.289 cells were assessed for tumor formation in nude mice. Cells were injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) or subcutaneously (s.c.) in female athymic nude mice and allowed to grow (maximum of 90 days) and tumor formation was analyzed. All tumors were sectioned and assessed using H&E staining and immunohistochemistry for p53, PAX8 and WT1 expression. RESULTS Six lines (OVCAR3, OVCAR4, OVCAR5, OVCAR8, CAOV3, and OVSAHO) formed i.p xenografts with HGSOC histology. OVKATE and COV362 formed s.c. tumors only. Rapid tumor formation was observed for OVCAR3, OVCAR5 and OVCAR8, but only OVCAR8 reliably formed ascites. Tumors derived from OVCAR3, OVCAR4, and OVKATE displayed papillary features. Of the 11 lines examined, three (Kuramochi, SNU119 and UWB1.289) were non-tumorigenic. CONCLUSIONS Our findings help further define which HGSOC cell models reliably generate tumors and/or ascites, critical information for preclinical drug development, validating in vitro findings, imaging and prevention studies by the OC research community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anirban K Mitra
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - David A Davis
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Sunil Tomar
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Lynn Roy
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend; Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN
| | - Hilal Gurler
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Jia Xie
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Daniel D Lantvit
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Horacio Cardenas
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Fang Fang
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Yueying Liu
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Elizabeth Loughran
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Jing Yang
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Robert E Emerson
- Department of Pathology Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Karen D Cowden Dahl
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine-South Bend; Harper Cancer Research Institute, Notre Dame, IN; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN, United States
| | - Maria V Barbolina
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Kenneth P Nephew
- Medical Sciences Program, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States; Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Daniela Matei
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Joanna E Burdette
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States
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45
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Sun N, Johnson J, Stack MS, Szajko J, Sander C, Rebuyon R, Deatsch A, Easton J, Tanner CE, Ruggiero ST. Nanoparticle analysis of cancer cells by light transmission spectroscopy. Anal Biochem 2015; 484:58-65. [PMID: 25981981 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the optical properties of cancer and normal whole cells and lysates using light transmission spectroscopy (LTS). LTS provides both the optical extinction coefficient in the wavelength range from 220 to 1100nm and (by spectral inversion using a Mie model) the particle distribution density in the size range from 1 to 3000nm. Our current work involves whole cells and lysates of cultured human oral cells in liquid suspension. We found systematic differences in the optical extinction between cancer and normal whole cells and lysates, which translate to different particle size distributions (PSDs) for these materials. Specifically, we found that cancer cells have distinctly lower concentrations of nanoparticles with diameters less than 100nm and have higher concentrations of particles with diameters from 100 to 1000nm-results that hold for both whole cells and lysates. We also found a power-law dependence of particle density with diameter over several orders of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sun
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - J Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - M S Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - J Szajko
- F Cubed, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - C Sander
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - R Rebuyon
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - A Deatsch
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - J Easton
- Ivy Tech, South Bend, IN 46601, USA
| | - C E Tanner
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - S T Ruggiero
- Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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Miller DL, Davis JW, Taylor KH, Johnson J, Shi Z, Williams R, Atasoy U, Lewis JS, Stack MS. Identification of a human papillomavirus-associated oncogenic miRNA panel in human oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma validated by bioinformatics analysis of the Cancer Genome Atlas. Am J Pathol 2015; 185:679-92. [PMID: 25572154 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causative agent for an increasing subset of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas (OPSCCs), and current evidence supports these tumors as having identifiable risk factors and improved response to therapy. However, the biochemical and molecular alterations underlying the pathobiology of HPV-associated OPSCC (designated HPV(+) OPSCC) remain unclear. Herein, we profile miRNA expression patterns in HPV(+) OPSCC to provide a more detailed understanding of pathologic molecular events and to identify biomarkers that may have applicability for early diagnosis, improved staging, and prognostic stratification. Differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in RNA isolated from an initial clinical cohort of HPV(+/-) OPSCC tumors by quantitative PCR-based miRNA profiling. This oncogenic miRNA panel was validated using miRNA sequencing and clinical data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and miRNA in situ hybridization. The HPV-associated oncogenic miRNA panel has potential utility in diagnosis and disease stratification and in mechanistic elucidation of molecular factors that contribute to OPSCC development, progression, and differential response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Miller
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - J Wade Davis
- Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri; Department of Statistics, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kristen H Taylor
- Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jeff Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Russell Williams
- Department of Biochemistry, Indiana University South Bend, South Bend, Indiana
| | - Ulus Atasoy
- Department of Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - James S Lewis
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, Indiana.
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Senapati S, Slouka Z, Shah SS, Behura SK, Shi Z, Stack MS, Severson DW, Chang HC. An ion-exchange nanomembrane sensor for detection of nucleic acids using a surface charge inversion phenomenon. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 60:92-100. [PMID: 24787123 PMCID: PMC4445831 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We present a novel low-cost biosensor for rapid, sensitive and selective detection of nucleic acids based on an ionic diode feature of an anion exchange nanoporous membrane under DC bias. The ionic diode feature is associated with external surface charge inversion on the positively charged anion exchange nanomembrane upon hybridization of negatively charged nucleic acid molecules to single-stranded oligoprobes functionalized on the membrane surface resulting in the formation of a cation selective monolayer. The resulting bipolar membrane causes a transition from electroconvection-controlled to water-splitting controlled ion conductance, with a large ion current signature that can be used to accurately quantify the hybridized nucleic acids. The platform is capable of distinguishing two base-pair mismatches in a 22-base pairing segment of microRNAs associated with oral cancer, as well as serotype-specific detection of dengue virus. We also show the sensor' capability to selectively capture target nucleic acids from a heterogeneous mixture. The limit of detection is 1 pM for short 27 base target molecules in a 15-min assay. Similar hybridization results are shown for short DNA molecules as well as RNAs from Brucella and Escherichia coli. The versatility and simplicity of this low-cost biosensor should enable point-of-care diagnostics in food, medical and environmental safety markets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satyajyoti Senapati
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Zdenek Slouka
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Sunny S Shah
- Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Susanta K Behura
- Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - David W Severson
- Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Department of Biological Sciences and Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA
| | - Hsueh-Chia Chang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Advanced Diagnostics & Therapeutics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, USA.
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48
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Bruney L, Conley KC, Moss NM, Liu Y, Stack MS. Membrane-type I matrix metalloproteinase-dependent ectodomain shedding of mucin16/ CA-125 on ovarian cancer cells modulates adhesion and invasion of peritoneal mesothelium. Biol Chem 2014; 395:1221-31. [PMID: 25205731 PMCID: PMC5568695 DOI: 10.1515/hsz-2014-0155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mucin16 [MUC16/cancer antigen 125 (CA-125)], a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein expressed on the ovarian tumor cell surface, potentiates metastasis via selective binding to mesothelin on peritoneal mesothelial cells. Shed MUC16/CA-125 is detectable in sera from ovarian cancer patients. We investigated the potential role of membrane type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP, MMP-14), a transmembrane collagenase highly expressed in ovarian cancer cells, in MUC16/CA-125 ectodomain shedding. An inverse correlation between MT1-MMP and MUC16 immunoreactivity was observed in human ovarian tumors and cells. Further, when MUC16-expressing OVCA433 cells were engineered to overexpress MT1-MMP, surface expression of MUC16/CA-125 was lost, whereas cells expressing the inactive E240A mutant retained surface MUC16/CA-125. As a functional consequence, decreased adhesion of cells expressing catalytically active MT1-MMP to three-dimensional meso-mimetic cultures and intact ex vivo peritoneal tissue explants was observed. Nevertheless, meso-mimetic invasion is enhanced in MT1-MMP-expressing cells. Together, these data support a model wherein acquisition of catalytically active MT1-MMP expression in ovarian cancer cells induces MUC16/CA-125 ectodomain shedding, reducing adhesion to meso-mimetic cultures and to intact peritoneal explants. However, proteolytic clearing of MUC16/CA-125, catalyzed by MT1-MMP, may then expose integrins for high-affinity cell binding to peritoneal tissues, thereby anchoring metastatic lesions for subsequent proliferation within the collagen-rich sub-mesothelial matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Bruney
- Department of Medical Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65212, USA
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - Kaitlynn C. Conley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | | | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
| | - M. Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry and Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, USA
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Johnson J, Shi Z, Liu Y, Stack MS. Inhibitors of NF-kappaB reverse cellular invasion and target gene upregulation in an experimental model of aggressive oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oral Oncol 2014; 50:468-77. [PMID: 24582884 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2014.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is diagnosed in 640,000 patients yearly with a poor (50%) 5-year survival rate that has not changed appreciably in decades. PAITENTS AND METHODS To investigate molecular changes that drive OSCC progression, cDNA microarray analysis was performed using human OSCC cells that form aggressive poorly differentiated tumors (SCC25-PD) in a murine orthotopic xenograft model compared to cells that produce well-differentiated tumors (SCC25-WD). RESULTS As this analysis revealed that 59 upregulated genes were NF-κB target genes, the role of NF-κB activation in alteration of the transcriptional profile was evaluated. The mRNA and protein upregulation of a panel NF-κB target genes was validated by real-time qPCR and immunohistochemistry. Additionally, nuclear translocation of RelA was greatly increased in SCC25-PD, increased nuclear RelA was observed in oral tumors initiated with SCC25-PD compared with tumors initiated by SCC25-WD, and nuclear RelA correlated with stage of disease on two human OSCC tissue microarrays. Treatment of SCC25-PD cells with the IKKβ-inhibitor sc-514, that effectively prevents RelA phosphorylation on Ser 536, reversed nuclear-translocation of RelA and strongly inhibited NF-κB gene activation. Furthermore, blocking the phosphorylation of RelA using the MSK1/2 inhibitor SB 747651A significantly reduced the mRNA upregulation of a subset of target genes. Treatment with sc-514 or SB747651A markedly diminished cellular invasiveness. CONCLUSIONS These studies support a model wherein NF-κB is constitutively active in aggressive OSCC, while blocking the NF-κB pathway reduces NF-κB target gene upregulation and cellular invasiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeff Johnson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States
| | - Zonggao Shi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States
| | - Yueying Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States
| | - M Sharon Stack
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States; Harper Cancer Research Institute, University of Notre Dame, South Bend, IN 46617, United States.
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Bruney LY, Stack MS. Abstract B62: Assessing the relationship between Mucin 16 and Membrane-type I Matrix Metalloproteinase in intra-peritoneal metastatic events. Clin Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ovca13-b62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The process of epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) metastasis is unique in that epithelial cells detach from the primary tumor and shed into the peritoneal cavity as single cells and multicellular aggregates (MCA), which adhere intraperitoneally and invade the interstitial collagen-rich submesothelial matrix, where they proliferate to anchor secondary lesions. Mucin 16 (MUC16), clinically referred to as cancer antigen 125 (CA125), is a giant mucin-like glycoprotein which is undetected in the epithelium of normal ovaries but highly expressed on the ovarian tumor cell surface. Interestingly, MUC16 tends to shed from tumors, releasing soluble proteolytic fragments into the bloodstream; 90% of women with advanced EOC have elevated blood serum levels of CA125. The catalyst(s) for this shedding is unknown. Membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP), an extracellular matrix degrading transmembrane protease, has been implicated in a number of pro-metastatic events. The overexpression of MT1-MMP in EOC tumors relative to the normal ovary, with enhanced expression in metastases relative to primary tumors, suggests that it may be the protease facilitating MUC16 shedding. Immunofluorescence and flow-cytometric detection of MUC16 in ovarian cancer (ovca) cells engineered to overexpress MT1-MMP indicate that MT1-MMP overexpressors have lower surface levels of MUC16. As recent studies suggest that MUC16 binds selectively to mesothelin (potentially mediating the cell-to-cell adhesion inherent in metastasis), we tested the hypothesis that cells that overexpress MT1-MMP (and thus shed MUC16) will be less adherent to mesothelial cells. Examination of the adherence of MT1-MMP overexpressing ovca cells to a live mesothelial cell monolayer indicated decreased cell-to-cell adhesion compared to controls. We have previously shown that up-regulation of MT1-MMP promotes a collagen invasive phenotype in ovarian carcinomas. As the sub-mesothelial matrix is rich in interstitial collagen, we further investigated the potential for MT1-MMP overexpressors to invade a live mesothelial cell monolayer. To assay invasion, a modified transwell “mesothelial mimetic” assay was utilized consisting of a three dimensional collagen type I matrix atop an 8μm filter and overlaid with a confluent layer of mesothelial cells. Seeding of ovca cells +/- MT1-MMP overexpression followed by quantitation of migrating/invading cells indicates a role for MT1-MMP in sub-mesothelial anchoring. These results intimate that MUC16 expression may be key for initial cell-to-mesothelial cell contact and suggest that MT1-MMP overexpression contributes to sub-mesothelial anchoring of EOC cells.
Citation Format: Lana Y. Bruney, M. Sharon Stack. Assessing the relationship between Mucin 16 and Membrane-type I Matrix Metalloproteinase in intra-peritoneal metastatic events. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research: From Concept to Clinic; Sep 18-21, 2013; Miami, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2013;19(19 Suppl):Abstract nr B62.
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