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Nava Y Hurtado F, Monzon Manzano E, Viana-Huete V, Triana Junco P, Alvarez-Roman MT, Arias-Salgado EG, Butta N, Lopez Gutierrez JC. Assessing coagulopathy and endothelial dysfunction in pediatric venous malformation: A thromboelastometry and syndecan-1 study. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024; 71:e30915. [PMID: 38369689 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The occurrence of unpredictable pain crises are the principal determinant of the quality of life for patients with venous malformations (VM). A definite coagulation phenomenon, characterized by an increase in D-dimer levels and the presence of phleboliths within the malformation, has been previously reported. By applying Virchow's triad and evaluating intralesional samples, our objective is to delineate the coagulation profile and the extent of endothelial dysfunction within the malformation. METHODS With the authorization of the Ethics Committee, a research project was undertaken on intralesional and extralesional blood samples from 30 pediatric patients afflicted with spongiform VM. Thromboelastometry analyses were performed using ROTEM Sigma, and the concentration of syndecan-1 was determined by ELISA. RESULTS In the ROTEM analyses, the A5, A10, and maximum clot firmness (MCF) values were below the established reference ranges in the intralesional samples in both the EXTEM and INTEM assays, indicating that intralesional clots had significant instability. Furthermore, during the investigation of the delayed fibrinolysis phase using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) in EXTEM analysis, widespread hyperfibrinolysis was observed intralesional. Additionally, analysis of syndecan-1 showed significant differences between extralesional and intralesional levels (p < .026) and controls (p < .03), suggesting differences in the state of endothelium. CONCLUSIONS For the first time, we developed a comprehensive understanding of the coagulopathic profile of VM and the role of endothelial dysfunction in its pathogenesis. These findings will enable the implementation of targeted therapies based on the individual coagulation profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elena Monzon Manzano
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Vanesa Viana-Huete
- Department of Health Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Triana Junco
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Elena G Arias-Salgado
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
| | - Nora Butta
- Department of Haematology, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
- IdiPAZ, Madrid, Spain
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2
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Li Z, Wu N, Wang J, Yue Y, Geng L, Zhang Q. Low molecular weight fucoidan restores diabetic endothelial glycocalyx by targeting neuraminidase2: A new therapy target in glycocalyx shedding. Br J Pharmacol 2024; 181:1404-1420. [PMID: 37994102 DOI: 10.1111/bph.16288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diabetic vascular complication is a leading cause of disability and mortality in diabetes patients. Low molecular weight fucoidan (LMWF) is a promising drug candidate for vascular complications. Glycocalyx injury predates the occurrence of diabetes vascular complications. Protecting glycocalyx from degradation relieves diabetic vascular complications. LMWF has the potential to protect the diabetes endothelial glycocalyx from shedding. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The protective effect of LMWF on diabetic glycocalyx damage was investigated in db/db mice and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVEC) through transmission electron microscopy and WGA labelling. The effect of LMWF on glycocalyx degrading enzymes expression was investigated. Neuraminidase2 (NEU2) overexpression/knockdown was performed in HUVECs to verify the important role of NEU2 in glycocalyx homeostasis. The interaction between NEU2 and LMWF was detected by ELISA and surface plasmon resonance analysis (SPR). KEY RESULTS LMWF normalizes blood indexes including insulin, triglyceride, uric acid and reduces diabetes complications adverse events. LMWF alleviates diabetic endothelial glycocalyx damage in db/db mice kidney/aorta and high concentration glucose treated HUVECs. NEU2 is up-regulated in db/db mice and HUVECs with high concentration glucose. Overexpression/knockdown NEU2 results in glycocalyx shedding in HUVEC. Down-regulation and interaction of LMWF with NEU2 is a new therapy target in glycocalyx homeostasis. NEU2 was positively correlated with phosphorylated IR-β. CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS NEU2 is an effective target for glycocalyx homeostasis and LMWF is a promising drug to alleviate vascular complications in diabetes by protecting endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Li
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Research Center for Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences Qingdao Hospital (Qingdao Municipal Hospital), School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Ning Wu
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Yang Yue
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Lihua Geng
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
| | - Quanbin Zhang
- CAS and Shandong Province Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Biological Products, National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, China
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3
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Frain KM, Dedic E, Nel L, Bohush A, Olesen E, Thaysen K, Wüstner D, Stokes DL, Pedersen BP. Conformational changes in the Niemann-Pick type C1 protein NCR1 drive sterol translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2315575121. [PMID: 38568972 PMCID: PMC11009665 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2315575121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
The membrane protein Niemann-Pick type C1 (NPC1, named NCR1 in yeast) is central to sterol homeostasis in eukaryotes. Saccharomyces cerevisiae NCR1 is localized to the vacuolar membrane, where it is suggested to carry sterols across the protective glycocalyx and deposit them into the vacuolar membrane. However, documentation of a vacuolar glycocalyx in fungi is lacking, and the mechanism for sterol translocation has remained unclear. Here, we provide evidence supporting the presence of a glycocalyx in isolated S. cerevisiae vacuoles and report four cryo-EM structures of NCR1 in two distinct conformations, named tense and relaxed. These two conformations illustrate the movement of sterols through a tunnel formed by the luminal domains, thus bypassing the barrier presented by the glycocalyx. Based on these structures and on comparison with other members of the Resistance-Nodulation-Division (RND) superfamily, we propose a transport model that links changes in the luminal domains with a cycle of protonation and deprotonation within the transmembrane region of the protein. Our model suggests that NPC proteins work by a generalized RND mechanism where the proton motive force drives conformational changes in the transmembrane domains that are allosterically coupled to luminal/extracellular domains to promote sterol transport.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly M. Frain
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, AarhusC 8000, Denmark
| | - Emil Dedic
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, AarhusC 8000, Denmark
| | - Lynette Nel
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, AarhusC 8000, Denmark
| | - Anastasiia Bohush
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, AarhusC 8000, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus Institute of Advanced Studies, Aarhus University, AarhusC 8000, Denmark
| | - Esben Olesen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, AarhusC 8000, Denmark
| | - Katja Thaysen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, OdenseM 5230, Denmark
| | - Daniel Wüstner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, OdenseM 5230, Denmark
| | - David L. Stokes
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016
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Kim D, Whang CH, Hong J, Prayogo MC, Jung W, Lee S, Shin H, Kim Y, Yu J, Kim MJ, Kim K, Lee HS, Jon S. Glycocalyx-Mimicking Nanoparticles with Differential Organ Selectivity for Drug Delivery and Therapy. Adv Mater 2024:e2311283. [PMID: 38489768 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024]
Abstract
Organ-selective drug delivery is expected to maximize the efficacy of various therapeutic modalities while minimizing their systemic toxicity. Lipid nanoparticles and polymersomes can direct the organ-selective delivery of mRNAs or gene editing machineries, but their delivery is limited to mostly liver, spleen, and lung. A platform that enables delivery to these and other target organs is urgently needed. Here, a library of glycocalyx-mimicking nanoparticles (GlyNPs) comprising five randomly combined sugar moieties is generated, and direct in vivo library screening is used to identify GlyNPs with preferential biodistribution in liver, spleen, lung, kidneys, heart, and brain. Each organ-targeting GlyNP hit show cellular tropism within the organ. Liver, kidney, and spleen-targeting GlyNP hits equipped with therapeutics effectively can alleviate the symptoms of acetaminophen-induced liver injury, cisplatin-induced kidney injury, and immune thrombocytopenia in mice, respectively. Furthermore, the differential organ targeting of GlyNP hits is influenced not by the protein corona but by the sugar moieties displayed on their surface. It is envisioned that the GlyNP-based platform may enable the organ- and cell-targeted delivery of therapeutic cargoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dohyeon Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Hee Whang
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungwoo Hong
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Monica Celine Prayogo
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonsik Jung
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Seojung Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hocheol Shin
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yujin Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Yu
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Joong Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyunggon Kim
- Department of Convergence Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
- Department of Digital Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, 88, Olympic-ro, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Multiscale Chiral Architectures (CMCA), KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sangyong Jon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST Institute of BioCentury, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- Center for Precision Bio-Nanomedicine, KAIST, 291 Daehak-ro, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
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Sallee CJ, Hippensteel JA, Miller KR, Oshima K, Pham AT, Richter RP, Belperio J, Sierra YL, Schwingshackl A, Mourani PM, Schmidt EP, Sapru A, Maddux AB. Endothelial Glycocalyx Degradation Patterns in Sepsis-Associated Pediatric Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A Single Center Retrospective Observational Study. J Intensive Care Med 2024; 39:277-287. [PMID: 37670670 PMCID: PMC10845819 DOI: 10.1177/08850666231200162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated destruction of the pulmonary microvascular endothelial glycocalyx (EGCX) creates a vulnerable endothelial surface, contributing to the development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Constituents of the EGCX shed into circulation, glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans, may serve as biomarkers of endothelial dysfunction. We sought to define the patterns of plasma EGCX degradation products in children with sepsis-associated pediatric ARDS (PARDS), and test their association with clinical outcomes. METHODS We retrospectively analyzed a prospective cohort (2018-2020) of children (≥1 month to <18 years of age) receiving invasive mechanical ventilation for acute respiratory failure for ≥72 h. Children with and without sepsis-associated PARDS were selected from the parent cohort and compared. Blood was collected at time of enrollment. Plasma glycosaminoglycan disaccharide class (heparan sulfate, chondroitin sulfate, and hyaluronan) and sulfation subtypes (heparan sulfate and chondroitin sulfate) were quantified using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Plasma proteoglycans (syndecan-1) were measured through an immunoassay. RESULTS Among the 39 mechanically ventilated children (29 with and 10 without sepsis-associated PARDS), sepsis-associated PARDS patients demonstrated higher levels of heparan sulfate (median 639 ng/mL [interquartile range, IQR 421-902] vs 311 [IQR 228-461]) and syndecan-1 (median 146 ng/mL [IQR 32-315] vs 8 [IQR 8-50]), both p = 0.01. Heparan sulfate subtype analysis demonstrated greater proportions of N-sulfated disaccharide levels among children with sepsis-associated PARDS (p = 0.01). Increasing N-sulfated disaccharide levels by quartile were associated with severe PARDS (n = 9/29) with the highest quartile including >60% of the severe PARDS patients (test for trend, p = 0.04). Higher total heparan sulfate and N-sulfated disaccharide levels were independently associated with fewer 28-day ventilator-free days in children with sepsis-associated PARDS (all p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Children with sepsis-associated PARDS exhibited higher plasma levels of heparan sulfate disaccharides and syndecan-1, suggesting that EGCX degradation biomarkers may provide insights into endothelial dysfunction and PARDS pathobiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J. Sallee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles and Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joseph A. Hippensteel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kristen R. Miller
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Kaori Oshima
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Andrew T. Pham
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Robert P. Richter
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham Heersink School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - John Belperio
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles and Ronald Reagan Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Yamila L. Sierra
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Andreas Schwingshackl
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles and Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Peter M. Mourani
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Eric P. Schmidt
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anil Sapru
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles and Mattel Children's Hospital, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Aline B. Maddux
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Critical Care, University of Colorado School of Medicine and Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
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Trampert DC, Beuers U. A beneficial response of fetal wound healing gone bad in the bile duct: The overarching cause of biliary atresia? J Hepatol 2024; 80:387-389. [PMID: 38181824 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2023.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- David C Trampert
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ulrich Beuers
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam UMC, Location AMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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7
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Meng X, Xie S, Liu J, Lv B, Huang X, Liu Q, Wang X, Malashicheva A, Liu J. Low dose cadmium inhibits syndecan-4 expression in glycocalyx of glomerular endothelial cells. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38396353 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most polluting heavy metal in the environment. Cd exposure has been elucidated to cause dysfunction of the glomerular filtration barrier (GFB). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. C57BL/6J male mice were administered with 2.28 mg/kg cadmium chloride (CdCl2 ) dissolved in distilled water by oral gavage for 14 days. The expression of SDC4 in the kidney tissues was detected. Human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs) were exposed to varying concentrations of CdCl2 for 24 h. The mRNA levels of SDC4, along with matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 and 9, were analyzed by quantitative PCR. Additionally, the protein expression levels of SDC4, MMP-2/9, and both total and phosphorylated forms of Smad2/3 (P-Smad2/3) were detected by western blot. The extravasation rate of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextran through the Transwell was used to evaluate the permeability of HRGECs. SB431542 was used as an inhibitor of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β signaling pathway to further investigate the role of TGF-β. Cd reduced SDC4 expression in both mouse kidney tissues and HRGECs. In addition, Cd exposure increased permeability and upregulated P-Smad2/3 levels in HRGECs. SB431542 treatment inhibited the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, Cd-induced SDC4 downregulation, and hyperpermeability. MMP-2/9 levels increased by Cd exposure was also blocked by SB431542, demonstrating the involvement of TGF-β/Smad pathway in low-dose Cd-induced SDC4 reduction in HRGECs. Given that SDC4 is an essential component of glycocalyx, protection or repair of endothelial glycocalyx is a potential strategy for preventing or treating kidney diseases associated with environmental Cd exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianli Meng
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Shuhui Xie
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Bingxuan Lv
- The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Xia Wang
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Anna Malashicheva
- Laboratory of Regenerative Biomedicine, Institute of Cytology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Ju Liu
- Institute of Microvascular Medicine, Medical Research Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, China
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Chadwick SR, Barreda D, Wu JZ, Ye G, Yusuf B, Ren D, Freeman SA. Two-pore channels regulate endomembrane tension to enable remodeling and resolution of phagolysosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2309465121. [PMID: 38354262 PMCID: PMC10895354 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2309465121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Phagocytes promptly resolve ingested targets to replenish lysosomes and maintain their responsiveness. The resolution process requires that degradative hydrolases, solute transporters, and proteins involved in lipid traffic are delivered and made active in phagolysosomes. It also involves extensive membrane remodeling. We report that cation channels that localize to phagolysosomes were essential for resolution. Specifically, the conductance of Na+ by two-pore channels (TPCs) and the presence of a Na+ gradient between the phagolysosome lumen and the cytosol were critical for the controlled release of membrane tension that permits deformation of the limiting phagolysosome membrane. In turn, membrane deformation was a necessary step to efficiently transport the cholesterol extracted from cellular targets, permeabilizing them to hydrolases. These results place TPCs as regulators of endomembrane remodeling events that precede target degradation in cases when the target is bound by a cholesterol-containing membrane. The findings may help to explain lipid metabolism dysfunction and autophagic flux impairment reported in TPC KO mice and establish stepwise regulation to the resolution process that begins with lysis of the target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah R Chadwick
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Dante Barreda
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Jing Ze Wu
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Gang Ye
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Bushra Yusuf
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Dejian Ren
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Spencer A Freeman
- Program in Cell Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
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Tilinova OM, Inozemtsev V, Sherstyukova E, Kandrashina S, Pisarev M, Grechko A, Vorobjeva N, Sergunova V, Dokukin ME. Cell Surface Parameters for Accessing Neutrophil Activation Level with Atomic Force Microscopy. Cells 2024; 13:306. [PMID: 38391919 PMCID: PMC10886474 DOI: 10.3390/cells13040306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, we examine the topography and adhesion images of the cell surface of neutrophils during the activation process. Our analysis of cell surface parameters indicates that the most significant changes in neutrophils occur within the first 30 min of activation, suggesting that reactive oxygen species may require approximately this amount of time to activate the cells. Interestingly, we observed surface granular structure as early as 10 min after neutrophil activation when examining atomic force microscopy images. This finding aligns with the reorganization observed within the cells under confocal laser scanning microscopy. By analyzing the cell surface images of adhesion, we identified three spatial surface parameters that correlate with the activation time. This finding enables us to estimate the degree of activation by using atomic force microscopy maps of the cell surface.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vladimir Inozemtsev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Sherstyukova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Snezhanna Kandrashina
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail Pisarev
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Andrey Grechko
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nina Vorobjeva
- Department of Immunology, Biology Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoria Sergunova
- Federal Research and Clinical Center of Intensive Care Medicine and Rehabilitology, V.A. Negovsky Research Institute of General Reanimatology, 107031 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maxim E Dokukin
- Sarov Physics and Technology Institute, MEPhI, 607186 Sarov, Russia
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10
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Alvarez IA, Lee M, Eshaq RS, Leskova W, Harris NR. High Glucose Induces Oxidative Stress That Alters Glycocalyx Proteoglycan Levels in Primary Rat Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells and in Isolated Ophthalmic Arteries. Pathophysiology 2024; 31:89-99. [PMID: 38390944 PMCID: PMC10885024 DOI: 10.3390/pathophysiology31010007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Our purpose in this study was to identify the role played by oxidative stress in the changes to proteoglycans that occur under hyperglycemic conditions, using primary rat retinal microvascular endothelial cells (RRMEC) and cultured ophthalmic arteries. The cells and blood vessels obtained from rats were cultured in normal glucose (5.6 mM) and high glucose (25 mM) with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant. Intracellular oxidative stress was determined by measuring dihydroethidium (DHE) fluorescence and malondialdehyde (MDA)-modified protein levels. mRNA and protein levels were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immunoblot, respectively. High glucose increased levels of glypican-1 mRNA and protein. The level of syndecan-1 mRNA also was increased, but its protein level was decreased, by high glucose. Evaluation of DHE and MDA showed that high glucose increased oxidative stress. These changes caused by high glucose were significantly reversed by NAC treatment. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels, which increased under high glucose conditions, were suppressed by NAC treatment. Oxidative stress caused by hyperglycemia may be responsible for significant changes to the ocular endothelial glycocalyx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan A Alvarez
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Minsup Lee
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Randa S Eshaq
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Wendy Leskova
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
| | - Norman R Harris
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, 1501 Kings Hwy, Shreveport, LA 71103, USA
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11
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Nan Z, Soh S, Shim JK, Kim HB, Yang YS, Kwak YL, Song JW. Effect of 5% albumin on endothelial glycocalyx degradation during off-pump coronary artery bypass. Can J Anaesth 2024; 71:244-253. [PMID: 37989943 DOI: 10.1007/s12630-023-02652-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The integrity of the endothelial glycocalyx (EG), a critical player in vascular homeostasis, reportedly influences the outcomes of critically ill patients. We investigated the effect of 5% albumin, which preserved EG integrity in preclinical studies, vs balanced crystalloid solution on EG degradation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary surgery. METHODS Patients were randomized to receive either 5% albumin (N = 51) or balanced crystalloid solution (Plasma-Lyte [Baxter Incorporated, Seoul, Republic of Korea]; N = 53) for intravenous volume replacement during surgery (double-blinded). The primary outcome was plasma syndecan-1 concentration, a marker of EG degradation, measured after anesthetic induction (baseline), completion of grafting, and sternal closure. Secondary outcomes were atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, soluble thrombomodulin, and perioperative fluid balance. RESULTS The mean (standard deviation) fluid requirements were 833 (270) mL and 1,323 (492) mL in the albumin and Plasma-Lyte group, respectively (mean difference, -489 mL; 95% confidence interval [CI], -643 to -335; P < 0.001). Plasma syndecan-1 concentration increased after completion of grafting (median difference, 116 ng·mL-1; 95% CI, 67 to 184; P < 0.001) and sternal closure (median difference, 57 ng·mL-1; 95% CI, 36 to 80; P < 0.001) compared with those at baseline, without any intergroup differences. Atrial natriuretic peptide, TNF-α, and soluble thrombomodulin concentrations were similar between the two groups. The amount of chest tube drainage was greater in the albumin group than that in the Plasma-Lyte group (median difference, 190 mL; 95% CI, 18 to 276; P = 0.03). CONCLUSION Off-pump coronary surgery was associated with significant EG degradation. Yet, intraoperative fluid therapy with 5% albumin could not ameliorate EG degradation when compared with balanced crystalloid solution. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03699462); first posted 9 October 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Nan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah Soh
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Kwang Shim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Bin Kim
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Seok Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Lan Kwak
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Wook Song
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Anesthesia and Pain Research Institute, Yonsei Cardiovascular Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea.
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12
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Choi M, Tichenor AA. Regional Conjunctival Differences in Glycocalyx Mucin Expression in Dry Eye and Normal Subjects. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:20. [PMID: 38334701 PMCID: PMC10860684 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.2.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To compare regional conjunctival expression of membrane-associated mucins (MAMs) MUC1, MUC4, and MUC16 in normal and dry eye (DE) subjects. Methods Adults with and without signs and symptoms of DE were recruited. Impression cytology was performed to collect MAMs from four bulbar and upper eyelid palpebral conjunctival regions of both eyes. After protein extraction, samples from both eyes of a single subject were pooled by region, and expression was analyzed using a capillary electrophoresis nano-immunoassay system. The chemiluminescence intensity of each antigen binding signal was calculated after normalization to the total protein amount. Statistical analyses were conducted using GraphPad Prime 9. Results Samples from thirteen to sixteen DE and seven to eleven normal subjects were analyzed. In normal samples, MUC1 expression from the nasal bulbar conjunctiva was significantly greater than superior (P = 0.004) and inferior (P = 0.005). In DE samples, MUC1 expression was highest superiorly. Significant differences in MUC4 and MUC16 expression were not seen in normal samples. MUC4 and MUC16 expression was upregulated superiorly (P < 0.0001) and inferiorly (P < 0.0001) in DE compared with those regions in normal samples. Conclusions Although MAMs form a hydrophilic barrier called the glycocalyx, each mucin may have unique functions that are currently unexplored. All MAMs were expressed in the upper palpebral conjunctiva. Increased MUC1 expression nasally in healthy subjects suggests a functional need for increased protection. When comparing DE with normal eyes, upregulation of MUC1 superiorly, and in both MUC4 and MUC16 both superiorly and inferiorly, may indicate a need to decrease eyelid friction during blinking, especially in DE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjung Choi
- New England College of Optometry, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
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13
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Gimblet CJ, Ernst JW, Bos KD, Stroud AK, Donato AJ, Jalal DI, Pierce GL. Effect of acute heparin administration on glycocalyx thickness and endothelial function in healthy younger adults. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:330-336. [PMID: 38126088 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00767.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic, gel-like layer that is critical to normal vascular endothelial function. Heparin impairs the endothelial glycocalyx and reduces vascular endothelial function in a murine model; however, this has yet to be tested in healthy humans. We hypothesized that a single bolus dose of heparin would increase circulating glycocalyx components and decrease endothelial glycocalyx thickness resulting in blunted brachial artery vasodilation in healthy younger adults. Healthy adults (n = 19, aged 18-39 yr, 53% female) underwent measurements of the endothelial glycocalyx and vascular endothelial function at baseline and after a single bolus 5,000 U dose of heparin. The glycocalyx components syndecan-1 and heparan sulfate were measured from plasma samples using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Glycocalyx thickness was determined as perfused boundary region (PBR) in sublingual microvessels using the GlycoCheck. Endothelial function was measured via ultrasonography and quantified as brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Following acute heparin administration, there was no increase in syndecan-1 or heparan sulfate (P = 0.90 and P = 0.49, respectively). In addition, there was no change in PBR 4-7 µm (P = 0.55), PBR 10-25 µm (P = 0.63), or 4-25 µm (P = 0.49) after heparin treatment. Furthermore, we did not observe a change in FMDmm (P = 0.23), FMD% (P = 0.35), or plasma nitrite concentrations (P = 0.10) in response to heparin. Finally, time to peak dilation and peak FMD normalized to shear stress were unchanged following heparin (P = 0.59 and P = 0.21, respectively). Our pilot study suggests that a single bolus intravenous dose of heparin does not result in endothelial glycocalyx degradation or vascular endothelial dysfunction in healthy younger adults.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The endothelial glycocalyx's role in modulating vascular endothelial dysfunction with aging and disease is becoming increasingly recognized. This study presents novel findings that acute heparin administration is not a feasible method to experimentally degrade the endothelial glycocalyx and measure concurrent changes in vascular endothelial function in healthy humans. Alternative approaches will be needed to translate findings from preclinical studies and test the effects of acute endothelial glycocalyx degradation on vascular endothelial function in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin J Gimblet
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Jackson W Ernst
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Kyle D Bos
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Amy K Stroud
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States
| | - Diana I Jalal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Center for Access and Delivery Research and Evaluation, Iowa City VA Medical Center, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
| | - Gary L Pierce
- Department of Health and Human Physiology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
- Department of Internal Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, United States
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14
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Wang Y, Xu Z, Wu KL, Yu L, Wang C, Ding H, Gao Y, Sun H, Wu YH, Xia M, Chen Y, Xiao H. Siglec-15/sialic acid axis as a central glyco-immune checkpoint in breast cancer bone metastasis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2024; 121:e2312929121. [PMID: 38252825 PMCID: PMC10835054 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2312929121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy is a promising approach for treating metastatic breast cancer (MBC), offering new possibilities for therapy. While checkpoint inhibitors have shown great progress in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer, their effectiveness in patients with bone metastases has been disappointing. This lack of efficacy seems to be specific to the bone environment, which exhibits immunosuppressive features. In this study, we elucidate the multiple roles of the sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin (Siglec)-15/sialic acid glyco-immune checkpoint axis in the bone metastatic niche and explore potential therapeutic strategies targeting this glyco-immune checkpoint. Our research reveals that elevated levels of Siglec-15 in the bone metastatic niche can promote tumor-induced osteoclastogenesis as well as suppress antigen-specific T cell responses. Next, we demonstrate that antibody blockade of the Siglec-15/sialic acid glyco-immune checkpoint axis can act as a potential treatment for breast cancer bone metastasis. By targeting this pathway, we not only aim to treat bone metastasis but also inhibit the spread of metastatic cancer cells from bone lesions to other organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixian Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Zhan Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Kuan-Lin Wu
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Liqun Yu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Chenhang Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Haoxue Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Han Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Yi-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX77030
| | - Meng Xia
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Yuda Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
| | - Han Xiao
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
- Department of Biosciences, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
- Department of Bioengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX77005
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15
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Park S, Choi S, Shimpi AA, Estroff LA, Fischbach C, Paszek MJ. Collagen Mineralization Decreases NK Cell-Mediated Cytotoxicity of Breast Cancer Cells via Increased Glycocalyx Thickness. Adv Mater 2024:e2311505. [PMID: 38279892 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
Skeletal metastasis is common in patients with advanced breast cancer and often caused by immune evasion of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs). In the skeleton, tumor cells not only disseminate to the bone marrow but also to osteogenic niches in which they interact with newly mineralizing bone extracellular matrix (ECM). However, it remains unclear how mineralization of collagen type I, the primary component of bone ECM, regulates tumor-immune cell interactions. Here, a combination of synthetic bone matrix models with controlled mineral content, nanoscale optical imaging, and flow cytometry are utilized to evaluate how collagen type I mineralization affects the biochemical and biophysical properties of the tumor cell glycocalyx, a dense layer of glycosylated proteins and lipids decorating their cell surface. These results suggest that collagen mineralization upregulates mucin-type O-glycosylation and sialylation by tumor cells, which increases their glycocalyx thickness while enhancing resistance to attack by natural killer (NK) cells. These changes are functionally linked as treatment with a sialylation inhibitor decreased mineralization-dependent glycocalyx thickness and made tumor cells more susceptible to NK cell attack. Together, these results suggest that interference with glycocalyx sialylation may represent a therapeutic strategy to enhance cancer immunotherapies targeting bone-metastatic breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Park
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Siyoung Choi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Adrian A Shimpi
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Lara A Estroff
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Claudia Fischbach
- Nancy E. and Peter C. Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Matthew J Paszek
- Graduate Field of Biophysics, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
- Kavli Institute at Cornell for Nanoscale Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
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16
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Li Y, Shteyman DB, Hachem Z, Ulay AA, Fan J, Fu BM. Heparan Sulfate Modulation Affects Breast Cancer Cell Adhesion and Transmigration across In Vitro Blood-Brain Barrier. Cells 2024; 13:190. [PMID: 38275815 PMCID: PMC10813861 DOI: 10.3390/cells13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/17/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The disruption of endothelial heparan sulfate (HS) is an early event in tumor cell metastasis across vascular barriers, and the reinforcement of endothelial HS reduces tumor cell adhesion to endothelium. Our recent study showed that while vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) greatly reduces HS at an in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) formed by human cerebral microvascular endothelial cells (hCMECs), it significantly enhances HS on a breast cancer cell, MDA-MB-231 (MB231). Here, we tested that this differential effect of VEGF on the HS favors MB231 adhesion and transmigration. We also tested if agents that enhance endothelial HS may affect the HS of MB231 and reduce its adhesion and transmigration. To test these hypotheses, we generated an in vitro BBB by culturing hCMECs on either a glass-bottom dish or a Transwell filter. We first quantified the HS of the BBB and MB231 after treatment with VEGF and endothelial HS-enhancing agents and then quantified the adhesion and transmigration of MB231 across the BBB after pretreatment with these agents. Our results demonstrated that the reduced/enhanced BBB HS and enhanced/reduced MB231 HS increase/decrease MB231 adhesion to and transmigration across the BBB. Our findings suggest a therapeutic intervention by targeting the HS-mediated breast cancer brain metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
| | - David B. Shteyman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
| | - Zeina Hachem
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA; (Z.H.); (J.F.)
| | - Afaf A. Ulay
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
| | - Jie Fan
- Department of Natural Sciences, CASL, University of Michigan-Dearborn, Dearborn, MI 48128, USA; (Z.H.); (J.F.)
| | - Bingmei M. Fu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY 10031, USA; (Y.L.); (D.B.S.); (A.A.U.)
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17
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Panagiotides NG, Poledniczek M, Andreas M, Hülsmann M, Kocher AA, Kopp CW, Piechota-Polanczyk A, Weidenhammer A, Pavo N, Wadowski PP. Myocardial Oedema as a Consequence of Viral Infection and Persistence-A Narrative Review with Focus on COVID-19 and Post COVID Sequelae. Viruses 2024; 16:121. [PMID: 38257821 PMCID: PMC10818479 DOI: 10.3390/v16010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Microvascular integrity is a critical factor in myocardial fluid homeostasis. The subtle equilibrium between capillary filtration and lymphatic fluid removal is disturbed during pathological processes leading to inflammation, but also in hypoxia or due to alterations in vascular perfusion and coagulability. The degradation of the glycocalyx as the main component of the endothelial filtration barrier as well as pericyte disintegration results in the accumulation of interstitial and intracellular water. Moreover, lymphatic dysfunction evokes an increase in metabolic waste products, cytokines and inflammatory cells in the interstitial space contributing to myocardial oedema formation. This leads to myocardial stiffness and impaired contractility, eventually resulting in cardiomyocyte apoptosis, myocardial remodelling and fibrosis. The following article reviews pathophysiological inflammatory processes leading to myocardial oedema including myocarditis, ischaemia-reperfusion injury and viral infections with a special focus on the pathomechanisms evoked by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. In addition, clinical implications including potential long-term effects due to viral persistence (long COVID), as well as treatment options, are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel G. Panagiotides
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Martin Andreas
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Martin Hülsmann
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Alfred A. Kocher
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.A.); (A.A.K.)
| | - Christoph W. Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | | | - Annika Weidenhammer
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Noemi Pavo
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (N.G.P.); (M.P.); (M.H.); (A.W.); (N.P.)
| | - Patricia P. Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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18
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Enomoto T, Okada H, Tomita H, Iinuma K, Nakane K, Tobisawa Y, Hara A, Koie T. Glycocalyx analysis of bladder cancer: three-dimensional images in electron microscopy and vicia villosa lectin as a marker for invasiveness in frozen sections. Front Cell Dev Biol 2024; 11:1308879. [PMID: 38269087 PMCID: PMC10806140 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1308879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The abnormal glycocalyx (GCX) on the surface of cancer cells has been reported to be tall and aberrantly glycosylated and has been linked to the progression and spread of cancer-a finding also observed in bladder cancer. However, the characteristics of GCX in various types of human bladder cancer remain unknown, and herein, we aimed to provide information on the diversity of glycan components in the GCX of bladder cancers and to shed light on their characteristics. Methods: We used scanning electron microscopy and lanthanum staining to examine the surface GCX of human bladder carcinomas in three-dimensional images, showing the bulky GCX in some carcinomas. We also examined glycan alterations in early to progressive stages of bladder cancers using 20 distinct lectin stains on frozen sections from transurethral resection of bladder tumors. Results and discussion: Distinctive Vicia villosa lectin (VVL) staining was observed in invasive urothelial carcinomas, including those with muscle invasion and variant components. In the clinical setting, cancers with atypia of grades 2-3 had a significantly higher VVL scoring intensity than those with grade 1 atypia (p < 0.005). This study identified that a specific lectin, VVL, was more specific to invasive urothelial carcinomas. This lectin, which selectively binds to sites of cancer progression, is a promising target for drug delivery in future clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torai Enomoto
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Urology, Matsunami General Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hideshi Okada
- Department of Emergency and Disaster Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Center for One Medicine Innovative Translational Research, Gifu University Institute for Advanced Study, Gifu, Japan
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koji Iinuma
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keita Nakane
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Yuki Tobisawa
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takuya Koie
- Department of Urology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Morici N, Frigerio G, Campolo J, Fustinoni S, Sacco A, Garatti L, Villanova L, Tavazzi G, Kapur NK, Pappalardo F. Cardiogenic Shock Integrated PHenotyping for Event Reduction: A Pilot Metabolomics Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17607. [PMID: 38139435 PMCID: PMC10743901 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiogenic shock (CS) portends a dismal prognosis if hypoperfusion triggers uncontrolled inflammatory and metabolic derangements. We sought to investigate metabolomic profiles and temporal changes in IL6, Ang-2, and markers of glycocalyx perturbation from admission to discharge in eighteen patients with heart failure complicated by CS (HF-CS). Biological samples were collected from 18 consecutive HF-CS patients at admission (T0), 48 h after admission (T1), and at discharge (T2). ELISA analytical techniques and targeted metabolomics were performed Seven patients (44%) died at in-hospital follow-up. Among the survivors, IL-6 and kynurenine were significantly reduced at discharge compared to baseline. Conversely, the amino acids arginine, threonine, glycine, lysine, and asparagine; the biogenic amine putrescine; multiple sphingolipids; and glycerophospholipids were significantly increased. Patients with HF-CS have a metabolomic fingerprint that might allow for tailored treatment strategies for the patients' recovery or stabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuccia Morici
- Dipartimento Cardio-Respiratorio, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi ONLUS, 20100 Milan, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Frigerio
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.F.); (S.F.)
- Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University of Luxembourg, 4365 Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Jonica Campolo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology CNR, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Fustinoni
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20126 Milan, Italy; (G.F.); (S.F.)
| | - Alice Sacco
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Laura Garatti
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Villanova
- Intensive Cardiac Care Unit and De Gasperis Cardio Center, ASST Grande Ospedale Metropolitano Niguarda, 20162 Milan, Italy
| | - Guido Tavazzi
- Unit of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Department of Clinical-Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care, Fondazione Policlinico San Matteo Hospital IRCCS, Anestesia e Rianimazione I, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Navin K. Kapur
- The CardioVascular Center, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111, USA;
| | - Federico Pappalardo
- Cardiothoracic and Vascular Anesthesia and Intensive Care, AO SS. Antonio e Biagio e Cesare Arrigo, 15100 Alessandria, Italy;
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20
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Peña-Gil N, Randazzo W, Carmona-Vicente N, Santiso-Bellón C, Cárcamo-Cálvo R, Navarro-Lleó N, Monedero V, Yebra MJ, Buesa J, Gozalbo-Rovira R, Rodríguez-Díaz J. Culture of Human Rotaviruses in Relevant Models Shows Differences in Culture-Adapted and Nonculture-Adapted Strains. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:17362. [PMID: 38139191 PMCID: PMC10743750 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242417362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis (AGE) in children under 5 years old worldwide, and several studies have demonstrated that histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) play a role in its infection process. In the present study, human stool filtrates from patients diagnosed with RV diarrhea (genotyped as P[8]) were used to infect differentiated Caco-2 cells (dCaco-2) to determine whether such viral strains of clinical origin had the ability to replicate in cell cultures displaying HBGAs. The cell culture-adapted human RV Wa model strain (P[8] genotype) was used as a control. A time-course analysis of infection was conducted in dCaco-2 at 1, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The replication of two selected clinical isolates and Wa was further assayed in MA104, undifferentiated Caco-2 (uCaco-2), HT29, and HT29-M6 cells, as well as in monolayers of differentiated human intestinal enteroids (HIEs). The results showed that the culture-adapted Wa strain replicated more efficiently in MA104 cells than other utilized cell types. In contrast, clinical virus isolates replicated more efficiently in dCaco-2 cells and HIEs. Furthermore, through surface plasmon resonance analysis of the interaction between the RV spike protein (VP8*) and its glycan receptor (the H antigen), the V7 RV clinical isolate showed 45 times better affinity compared to VP8* from the Wa strain. These findings support the hypothesis that the differences in virus tropism between clinical virus isolates and RV Wa could be a consequence of the different HBGA contents on the surface of the cell lines employed. dCaco-2, HT29, and HT29M6 cells and HIEs display HBGAs on their surfaces, whereas MA104 and uCaco-2 cells do not. These results indicate the relevance of using non-cell culture-adapted human RV to investigate the replication of rotavirus in relevant infection models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazaret Peña-Gil
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (N.C.-V.); (C.S.-B.); (R.C.-C.); (N.N.-L.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Walter Randazzo
- Department of Preservation and Food Safety Technologies, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain;
| | - Noelia Carmona-Vicente
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (N.C.-V.); (C.S.-B.); (R.C.-C.); (N.N.-L.); (J.B.)
| | - Cristina Santiso-Bellón
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (N.C.-V.); (C.S.-B.); (R.C.-C.); (N.N.-L.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Cárcamo-Cálvo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (N.C.-V.); (C.S.-B.); (R.C.-C.); (N.N.-L.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Noemi Navarro-Lleó
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (N.C.-V.); (C.S.-B.); (R.C.-C.); (N.N.-L.); (J.B.)
| | - Vicente Monedero
- Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (V.M.); (M.J.Y.)
| | - María J. Yebra
- Department of Biotechnology, IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustín Escardino 7, 46980 Paterna, Spain; (V.M.); (M.J.Y.)
| | - Javier Buesa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (N.C.-V.); (C.S.-B.); (R.C.-C.); (N.N.-L.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Roberto Gozalbo-Rovira
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (N.C.-V.); (C.S.-B.); (R.C.-C.); (N.N.-L.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Av. Blasco Ibáñez 15, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (N.P.-G.); (N.C.-V.); (C.S.-B.); (R.C.-C.); (N.N.-L.); (J.B.)
- Instituto de Investigación INCLIVA, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain
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21
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Kolesov D, Astakhova A, Galdobina M, Moskovtsev A, Kubatiev A, Sokolovskaya A, Ukrainskiy L, Morozov S. Scanning Probe Microscopy Techniques for Studying the Cell Glycocalyx. Cells 2023; 12:2778. [PMID: 38132098 PMCID: PMC10741541 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The glycocalyx is a brush-like layer that covers the surfaces of the membranes of most cell types. It consists of a mixture of carbohydrates, mainly glycoproteins and proteoglycans. Due to its structure and sensitivity to environmental conditions, it represents a complicated object to investigate. Here, we review studies of the glycocalyx conducted using scanning probe microscopy approaches. This includes imaging techniques as well as the measurement of nanomechanical properties. The nanomechanics of the glycocalyx is particularly important since it is widely present on the surfaces of mechanosensitive cells such as endothelial cells. An overview of problems with the interpretation of indirect data via the use of analytical models is presented. Special insight is given into changes in glycocalyx properties during pathological processes. The biological background and alternative research methods are briefly covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Kolesov
- Moscow Polytechnic University, 107023 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Anna Astakhova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Maria Galdobina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey Moskovtsev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Aslan Kubatiev
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alisa Sokolovskaya
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
| | - Leonid Ukrainskiy
- Mechanical Engineering Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 119334 Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey Morozov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, 125315 Moscow, Russia
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22
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Nugent WH, Carr DA, Friedman J, Song BK. Novel transdermal curcumin therapeutic preserves endothelial barrier function in a high-dose LPS rat model. Artif Cells Nanomed Biotechnol 2023; 51:33-40. [PMID: 36656591 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2022.2164584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Sepsis is a devastating complication of infection and injury that, through widespread endothelial dysfunction, can cause perfusion deficits and multi-organ failure. To address the recognised need for therapeutics targetting the endothelial barrier, a topical formulation (CUR; VASCEPTOR™; Vascarta Inc, Summit, NJ) was developed to transdermally deliver bio-active concentrations of curcumin-an anti-inflammatory and nitric oxide promoter. Male, Sprague Dawley rats were treated daily with lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 mg/kg, IP) to induce endotoxemia, and topical applications of Vehicle Control (LPS + VC; N = 7) or Curcumin (LPS + CUR; N = 7). A third group received neither LPS nor treatment (No-LPS; N = 8). After 72 h, animals were surgically prepared for measurements of physiology and endothelial dysfunction in the exteriorised spinotrapezius muscle through the extravasation of 67 kDa TRITC-BSA (albumin) and 500 kDa FITC-dextran (dextran). At 72 h, LPS + VC saw weight loss, and increases to pulse pressure, lactate, pCO2, CXCL5 (vs No-LPS) and IL-6 (vs 0 h; p < 0.05). LPS + CUR was similar to No-LPS, but with hypotension. Phenylephrine response was increased in LPS + CUR. Regarding endothelial function, LPS + CUR albumin and dextran extravasation were significantly reduced versus LPS + VC suggesting that Curcumin mitigated endotoxemic endothelial dysfunction. The speculated mechanisms are nitric oxide modulation of the endothelium and/or an indirect anti-inflammatory effect.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Joel Friedman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, USA.,Vascarta, Inc, Summit, NJ, USA
| | - Bjorn K Song
- Song Biotechnologies LLC, Cockeysville, MD, USA.,Vascarta, Inc, Summit, NJ, USA
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23
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Juusela A, Jung E, Gallo DM, Bosco M, Suksai M, Diaz-Primera R, Tarca AL, Than NG, Gotsch F, Romero R, Chaiworapongsa T. Maternal plasma syndecan-1: a biomarker for fetal growth restriction. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2023; 36:2150074. [PMID: 36597808 DOI: 10.1080/14767058.2022.2150074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The identification of fetal growth disorders is an important clinical priority given that they increase the risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality as well as long-term diseases. A subset of small-for-gestational-age (SGA) infants are growth-restricted, and this condition is often attributed to placental insufficiency. Syndecan-1, a product of the degradation of the endothelial glycocalyx, has been proposed as a biomarker of endothelial damage in different pathologies. During pregnancy, a "specialized" form of the glycocalyx-the "syncytiotrophoblast glycocalyx"-covers the placental villi. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the concentration of maternal plasma syndecan-1 can be proposed as a biomarker for fetal growth restriction. STUDY DESIGN A cross-sectional study was designed to include women with normal pregnancy (n = 130) and pregnant women who delivered an SGA neonate (n = 50). Doppler velocimetry of the uterine and umbilical arteries was performed in women with an SGA fetus at the time of diagnosis. Venipuncture was performed within 48 h of Doppler velocimetry and plasma concentrations of syndecan-1 were determined by a specific and sensitive immunoassay. RESULTS (1) Plasma syndecan-1 concentration followed a nonlinear increase with gestational age in uncomplicated pregnancies (R2 = 0.27, p < .001); (2) women with a pregnancy complicated with an SGA fetus had a significantly lower mean plasma concentration of syndecan-1 than those with an appropriate-for-gestational-age fetus (p = .0001); (3) this difference can be attributed to fetal growth restriction, as the mean plasma syndecan-1 concentration was significantly lower only in the group of women with an SGA fetus who had abnormal umbilical and uterine artery Doppler velocimetry compared to controls (p = .00071; adjusted p = .0028). A trend toward lower syndecan-1 concentrations was also noted for SGA with abnormal uterine but normal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (p = .0505; adjusted p = .067); 4) among women with an SGA fetus, those with abnormal umbilical and uterine artery Doppler findings had a lower mean plasma syndecan-1 concentration than women with normal Doppler velocimetry (p = .02; adjusted p = .04); 5) an inverse relationship was found between the maternal plasma syndecan-1 concentration and the umbilical artery pulsatility index (r = -0.5; p = .003); and 6) a plasma syndecan-1 concentration ≤ 850 ng/mL had a positive likelihood ratio of 4.4 and a negative likelihood ratio of 0.24 for the identification of a mother with an SGA fetus who had abnormal umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry (area under the ROC curve 0.83; p < .001). CONCLUSION Low maternal plasma syndecan-1 may reflect placental diseases and this protein could be a biomarker for fetal growth restriction. However, as a sole biomarker for this condition, its accuracy is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Juusela
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Eunjung Jung
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Dahiana M Gallo
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University del Valle, Cali, Colombia
| | - Mariachiara Bosco
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, AOUI Verona, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Manaphat Suksai
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Ramiro Diaz-Primera
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adi L Tarca
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Computer Science, Wayne State University College of Engineering, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Nandor Gabor Than
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Systems Biology of Reproduction Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Maternity Private Clinic, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Francesca Gotsch
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roberto Romero
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.,Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA.,Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Tinnakorn Chaiworapongsa
- Perinatology Research Branch, Division of Obstetrics and Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, United States Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, and Detroit, MI, USA.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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24
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Cakir MU, Yavuz-Aksu B, Aksu U. Hypervolemia suppresses dilutional anaemic injury in a rat model of haemodilution. J Transl Int Med 2023; 11:393-400. [PMID: 38130643 PMCID: PMC10732576 DOI: 10.2478/jtim-2022-0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Haemodilution leads to complications in clinical practice. It is exactly unknown whether this damage is caused by the fluid or by the stretching of the vascular bed. We aimed to compare two different haemodilution techniques at the same anaemic level. Methods Normovolemic or hypervolemic haemodilution was performed on twelve adult male Wistar rats. In the normovolemic procedure, blood was withdrawn and instantaneously administered with similar amounts of 6% hydroxyethyl starch (HES 130/0.4). Fluid was administered without withdrawing blood in the hypervolemic procedure. In both models, a 25% haematocrit level was targeted and kept at this level for 90 min to deepen the anaemia effect. Besides haemodynamics measurement, renal function (creatinine, blood urea nitrogen) and injury (tissue norepinephrine, malondialdehyde) were evaluated. Also, systemic hypoxia (lactate), oxidative stress (malondialdehyde, ischaemia-modified albumin), inflammation (tumour necrosis factor-alpha [TNF-α]), osmotic stress, adrenal stress (norepinephrine, epinephrine), and vascular stretching (atrial natriuretic peptide [ANP]) were assessed. Results Arterial pressure in the normovolemic group was lower than in the hypervolemic group. Serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, and lactate levels were higher in the normovolemic group. Tissue norepinephrine and malondialdehyde levels were higher in the normovolemic group. Serum ANP, malondialdehyde, ischaemia-modified albumin, free haemoglobin, syndecan-1, and TNF-α were higher in both groups compared to respective baseline. Conclusions Normovolemic haemodilution may lead to hypoxic kidney injury. The hypervolemic state may be advantageous if fluid is to be administered. Thus, the effect of the fluid itself can be relatively masked.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzaffer Utku Cakir
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Istanbul, Istanbul34134, Turkey
| | - Berna Yavuz-Aksu
- Duzen Laboratory Group, Biochemistry Section, Istanbul34394, Turkey
| | - Ugur Aksu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Istanbul, Istanbul34134, Turkey
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25
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Zhu W, Liu X, Luo L, Huang X, Wang X. Interaction between mitochondrial homeostasis and barrier function in lipopolysaccharide-induced endothelial cell injury. Int J Exp Pathol 2023; 104:272-282. [PMID: 37828780 PMCID: PMC10652695 DOI: 10.1111/iep.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of mitochondrial homeostasis on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endothelial cell barrier function and the mechanisms that underlie these effects. Cells were treated with LPS or oligomycin (mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase inhibitor) and the mitochondrial morphology, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) were evaluated. Moreover, the shedding of glycocalyx-heparan sulphate (HS), the levels of HS-specific degrading enzyme heparanase (HPA), and the expression of occludin and zonula occludens (ZO-1) of Tight Junctions (TJ)s, which are mediated by myosin light chain phosphorylation (p-MLC), were assessed. Examining the changes in mitochondrial homeostasis showed that adding heparinase III, which is an exogenous HPA, can destroy the integrity of glycocalyx. LPS simultaneously increased mitochondrial swelling, mtROS, and ΔΨm. Without oligomycin effects, HS, HPA levels, and p-MLC were found to be elevated, and the destruction of occludin and ZO-1 increased. Heparinase III not only damaged the glycocalyx by increasing HS shedding but also increased mitochondrial swelling and mtROS and decreased ΔΨm. Mitochondrial homeostasis is involved in LPS-induced endothelial cell barrier dysfunction by aggravating HPA and p-MLC levels. In turn, the integrated glycocalyx protects mitochondrial homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Zhu
- Department of Intensive Care UnitBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Xiaojing Liu
- Department of Intensive Care UnitBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Liqing Luo
- Department of HematologyBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Xiao Huang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
| | - Xiaozhi Wang
- Department of Intensive Care UnitBinzhou Medical University HospitalBinzhouChina
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26
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Foote CA, Ramirez-Perez FI, Smith JA, Ghiarone T, Morales-Quinones M, McMillan NJ, Augenreich MA, Power G, Burr K, Aroor AR, Bender SB, Manrique-Acevedo C, Padilla J, Martinez-Lemus LA. Neuraminidase inhibition improves endothelial function in diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H1337-H1353. [PMID: 37801046 PMCID: PMC10908409 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00337.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Neuraminidases cleave sialic acids from glycocalyx structures and plasma neuraminidase activity is elevated in type 2 diabetes (T2D). Therefore, we hypothesize circulating neuraminidase degrades the endothelial glycocalyx and diminishes flow-mediated dilation (FMD), whereas its inhibition restores shear mechanosensation and endothelial function in T2D settings. We found that compared with controls, subjects with T2D have higher plasma neuraminidase activity, reduced plasma nitrite concentrations, and diminished FMD. Ex vivo and in vivo neuraminidase exposure diminished FMD and reduced endothelial glycocalyx presence in mouse arteries. In cultured endothelial cells, neuraminidase reduced glycocalyx coverage. Inhalation of the neuraminidase inhibitor, zanamivir, reduced plasma neuraminidase activity, enhanced endothelial glycocalyx length, and improved FMD in diabetic mice. In humans, a single-arm trial (NCT04867707) of zanamivir inhalation did not reduce plasma neuraminidase activity, improved glycocalyx length, or enhanced FMD. Although zanamivir plasma concentrations in mice reached 225.8 ± 22.0 ng/mL, in humans were only 40.0 ± 7.2 ng/mL. These results highlight the potential of neuraminidase inhibition for ameliorating endothelial dysfunction in T2D and suggest the current Food and Drug Administration-approved inhaled dosage of zanamivir is insufficient to achieve desired outcomes in humans.NEW & NOTEWORTHY This work identifies neuraminidase as a key mediator of endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes that may serve as a biomarker for impaired endothelial function and predictive of development and progression of cardiovascular pathologies associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Data show that intervention with the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir at effective plasma concentrations may represent a novel pharmacological strategy for restoring the glycocalyx and ameliorating endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher A Foote
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | | | - James A Smith
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Thaysa Ghiarone
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | | | - Neil J McMillan
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Marc A Augenreich
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Gavin Power
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Katherine Burr
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Annayya R Aroor
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Shawn B Bender
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Camila Manrique-Acevedo
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jaume Padilla
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans Hospital, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Luis A Martinez-Lemus
- NextGen Precision Health, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
- Department of Medicine, Center for Precision Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
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27
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Konda M, Kitabatake M, Ouji-Sageshima N, Tonomura R, Furukawa R, Sonobe S, Terada-Ikeda C, Takeda M, Kawaguchi M, Ito T. A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase with Thrombospondin Motifs 4 Regulates Pulmonary Vascular Hyperpermeability through Destruction of Glycocalyx in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16230. [PMID: 38003418 PMCID: PMC10671186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) has no specific and effective treatment, and there is an urgent need to understand its pathogenesis. Therefore, based on the hypothesis that molecules whose expression is upregulated in injured pulmonary vascular endothelial cells (VECs) are involved in the pathogenesis of ARDS, we conducted a study to elucidate the molecular mechanisms and identify target factors for treatment. Primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HMVEC-Ls) were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or poly (I:C) and analyzed via a microarray to identify target genes for ARDS. We found that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 4 (ADAMTS4) was induced in murine lung VECs in an LPS-mediated ARDS model. Elevated ADAMTS4 was also observed by the immunostaining of lung samples from ARDS patients. The suppression of ADAMTS4 by siRNA in VECs ameliorated LPS-stimulated vascular permeability. The impairment of the cell surface expression of syndecan-1, a marker of the glycocalyx that is an extracellular matrix involved in vascular permeability, was dramatically inhibited by ADAMTS4 suppression. In addition, the suppression of ADAMTS4 protected against LPS-induced reductions in syndecan-1 and the adherens junction protein vascular endothelial cadherin. These results suggest that ADAMTS4 regulates VEC permeability in ARDS and may be a predictive marker and therapeutic target for ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Konda
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
| | | | | | - Rei Tonomura
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Furukawa
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
| | - Shota Sonobe
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
| | - Chiyoko Terada-Ikeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
| | - Maiko Takeda
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
| | - Masahiko Kawaguchi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- Department of Immunology, Nara Medical University, Kashihara 6348521, Japan
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Schengrund CL. The Ying and Yang of Ganglioside Function in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5362. [PMID: 38001622 PMCID: PMC10670608 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15225362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The plethora of information about the expression of cancer cell-associated gangliosides, their role(s) in signal transduction, and their potential usefulness in the development of cancer treatments makes this an appropriate time to review these enigmatic glycosphingolipids. Evidence, reflecting the work of many, indicates that (1) expression of specific gangliosides, not generally found in high concentrations in most normal human cells, can be linked to certain types of cancer. (2) Gangliosides can affect the ability of cells to interact either directly or indirectly with growth factor receptors, thereby changing such things as a cell's mobility, rate of proliferation, and metastatic ability. (3) Anti-ganglioside antibodies have been tested, with some success, as potential treatments for certain cancers. (4) Cancer-associated gangliosides shed into the circulation can (a) affect immune cell responsiveness either positively or negatively, (b) be considered as diagnostic markers, and (c) be used to look for recurrence. (5) Cancer registries enable investigators to evaluate data from sufficient numbers of patients to obtain information about potential therapies. Despite advances that have been made, a discussion of possible approaches to identifying additional treatment strategies to inhibit metastasis, responsible for the majority of deaths of cancer patients, as well as for treating therapy-resistant tumors, is included.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara-Lynne Schengrund
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
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Zhang D, Xu C, Zhang J, Zeng R, Qi Q, Xu J, Pan Y, Liu X, Shi S, Zhang J, Dong L. Plasma TNFRSF11B as a New Predictive Inflammatory Marker of Sepsis-ARDS with Endothelial Dysfunction. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3640-3651. [PMID: 37851947 PMCID: PMC10629264 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation plays an important role in the development of sepsis-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Olink inflammation-related biomarker panels were used to analyze the levels of 92 inflammation-related proteins in plasma with sepsis-ARDS (n = 25) and healthy subjects (n = 25). There were significant differences in 64 inflammatory factors, including TNFRSF11B in sepsis-ARDS, which was significantly higher than that in controls. Functional analysis showed that TNFRSF11B was closely focused on signal transduction, immune response, and inflammatory response. The TNFRSF11B level in sepsis-ARDS plasma, LPS-induced mice, and LPS-stimulated HUVECs significantly increased. The highest plasma concentration of TNFRSF11B in patients with sepsis-ARDS was 10-20 ng/mL, and 10 ng/mL was selected to stimulate HUVECs. Western blot results demonstrated that the levels of syndecan-1, claudin-5, VE-cadherin, occludin, aquaporin-1, and caveolin-1 in TNFRSF11B-stimulated HUVECs decreased, whereas that of connexin-43 increased in TNFRSF11B-stimulated HUVECs. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study was the first to reveal elevated TNFRSF11B in sepsis-ARDS associated with vascular endothelial dysfunction. In summary, TNFRSF11B may be a new potential predictive and diagnostic biomarker for vascular endothelium damage in sepsis-ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Zhang
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan
Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Changjuan Xu
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial
Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong
Characteristic Laboratory of Clinical Transformation of Respiratory
Biological Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Jintao Zhang
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial
Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong
Characteristic Laboratory of Clinical Transformation of Respiratory
Biological Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Rong Zeng
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan
Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Qian Qi
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial
Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong
Characteristic Laboratory of Clinical Transformation of Respiratory
Biological Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Jiawei Xu
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial
Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong
Characteristic Laboratory of Clinical Transformation of Respiratory
Biological Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Yun Pan
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan
Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Xiaofei Liu
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial
Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong
Characteristic Laboratory of Clinical Transformation of Respiratory
Biological Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Shuochuan Shi
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial
Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong
Characteristic Laboratory of Clinical Transformation of Respiratory
Biological Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Jianning Zhang
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial
Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong
Characteristic Laboratory of Clinical Transformation of Respiratory
Biological Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
| | - Liang Dong
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan
Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
- Department
of Respiratory and Intensive Care Unit, The First Affiliated
Hospital of Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Provincial
Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Institute of Respiratory Diseases, Shandong
Characteristic Laboratory of Clinical Transformation of Respiratory
Biological Immunity and Regenerative Medicine, Jinan 250021, Shandong China
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30
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Fernández-Sarmiento J, Hernández-Sarmiento R, Salazar MP, Barrera S, Castilla V, Duque C. The association between hypoalbuminemia and microcirculation, endothelium, and glycocalyx disorders in children with sepsis. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12829. [PMID: 37639384 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between serum albumin levels and microcirculation changes, glycocalyx degradation, and the clinical outcomes of interest. METHODS Observational, prospective study in children with sepsis. The primary outcome was the association between hypoalbuminemia and microcirculation disorders, endothelial activation and glycocalyx degradation using a perfused boundary region (PBR) (abnormal >2.0 μm on sublingual video microscopy) or plasma biomarkers (syndecan-1, angiopoietin-2). RESULTS A total of 125 patients with sepsis were included. The median age was 2.0 years (IQR 0.5-12.5). Children with hypoalbuminemia had more abnormal microcirculation with a higher PBR (2.16 μm [IQR 2.03-2.47] vs. 1.92 [1.76-2.28]; p = .01) and more 4-6 μm capillaries recruited (60% vs. 40%; p = .04). The low albumin group that had the worst PBR had the most 4-6 μm capillaries recruited (rho 0.29; p < .01), 48% higher Ang-2 (p = .04), worse annexin A5 (p = 0.03) and no syndecan-1 abnormalities (p = .21). Children with hypoalbuminemia and a greater percentage of blood volume in their capillaries needed mechanical ventilation more often (56.3% vs. 43.7%; aOR 2.01 95% CI 1.38-3.10: p < .01). CONCLUSIONS In children with sepsis, an association was found between hypoalbuminemia and microcirculation changes, vascular permeability, and greater endothelial glycocalyx degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Fernández-Sarmiento
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Universidad de La Sabana Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Ricardo Hernández-Sarmiento
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Universidad de La Sabana Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - María Paula Salazar
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Universidad de La Sabana Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Sofia Barrera
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Universidad de La Sabana Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Valeria Castilla
- Department of Pediatrics Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituo de Cardiología, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Catalina Duque
- Department of Critical Care Medicine and Pediatrics, Universidad de La Sabana Fundación Cardioinfantil-Instituto de Cardiología, Bogotá, Colombia
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Afsar B, Afsar RE. The role of glycosaminoglycans in blood pressure regulation. Microcirculation 2023; 30:e12832. [PMID: 37794746 DOI: 10.1111/micc.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential hypertension (HT) is the global health problem and is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular and kidney disease. High salt intake has been associated with HT and impaired kidney sodium excretion is considered to be a major mechanism for the development of HT. Although kidney has a very important role in regulation of BP, this traditional view of BP regulation was challenged by recent findings suggesting that nonosmotic tissue sodium deposition is very important for BP regulation. This new paradigm indicates that sodium can be stored and deposited nonosmotically in the interstitium without water retention and without increased BP. One of the major determinants of this deposition is glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). By binding to GAGs found in the endothelial surface layer (ESL) which contains glycocalyx, sodium is osmotically inactivated and not induce concurrent water retention. Thus, GAGs has important function for homeostatic BP and sodium regulation. In the current review, we summarized the role of GAGs in ESL and BP regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baris Afsar
- School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Rengin Elsurer Afsar
- School of Medicine, Department of Nephrology, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
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32
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Hamrangsekachaee M, Wen K, Yazdani N, Willits RK, Bencherif SA, Ebong EE. Endothelial glycocalyx sensitivity to chemical and mechanical sub-endothelial substrate properties. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1250348. [PMID: 38026846 PMCID: PMC10643223 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1250348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glycocalyx (GCX) is a carbohydrate-rich structure that coats the surface of endothelial cells (ECs) and lines the blood vessel lumen. Mechanical perturbations in the vascular environment, such as blood vessel stiffness, can be transduced and sent to ECs through mechanosensors such as GCX. Adverse stiffness alters GCX-mediated mechanotransduction and leads to EC dysfunction and eventually atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. To understand GCX-regulated mechanotransduction events, an in vitro model emulating in vivo vessel conditions is needed. To this end, we investigated the impact of matrix chemical and mechanical properties on GCX expression via fabricating a tunable non-swelling matrix based on the collagen-derived polypeptide, gelatin. To study the effect of matrix composition, we conducted a comparative analysis of GCX expression using different concentrations (60-25,000 μg/mL) of gelatin and gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) in comparison to fibronectin (60 μg/mL), a standard coating material for GCX-related studies. Using immunocytochemistry analysis, we showed for the first time that different substrate compositions and concentrations altered the overall GCX expression on human umbilical vein ECs (HUVECs). Subsequently, GelMA hydrogels were fabricated with stiffnesses of 2.5 and 5 kPa, representing healthy vessel tissues, and 10 kPa, corresponding to diseased vessel tissues. Immunocytochemistry analysis showed that on hydrogels with different levels of stiffness, the GCX expression in HUVECs remained unchanged, while its major polysaccharide components exhibited dysregulation in distinct patterns. For example, there was a significant decrease in heparan sulfate expression on pathological substrates (10 kPa), while sialic acid expression increased with increased matrix stiffness. This study suggests the specific mechanisms through which GCX may influence ECs in modulating barrier function, immune cell adhesion, and mechanotransduction function under distinct chemical and mechanical conditions of both healthy and diseased substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ke Wen
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Narges Yazdani
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Rebecca K. Willits
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sidi A. Bencherif
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Laboratoire de BioMécanique et BioIngénierie (BMBI), UMR CNRS, Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie of Compiègne (UTC), Compiègne, France
- Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Eno E. Ebong
- Chemical Engineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Bioengineering Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, United States
- Neuroscience Department, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Yung S, Chan TM. Endothelial cell activation and glycocalyx shedding - potential as biomarkers in patients with lupus nephritis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1251876. [PMID: 37854589 PMCID: PMC10579905 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1251876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Lupus nephritis (LN) is a common and severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus and an important cause of acute and chronic kidney injury. Early diagnosis of LN and preventing relapses are key to preserving renal reserve. However, due to the complexity and heterogeneity of the disease, clinical management remains challenging. Kidney biopsy remains the gold standard for confirming the diagnosis of LN and subsequent assessment of kidney histopathology, but it is invasive and cannot be repeated frequently. Current clinical indicators of kidney function such as proteinuria and serum creatinine level are non-specific and do not accurately reflect histopathological changes, while anti-dsDNA antibody and C3 levels reflect immunological status but not kidney injury. Identification of novel and specific biomarkers for LN is prerequisite to improve management. Renal function deterioration is associated with changes in the endothelial glycocalyx, a delicate gel-like layer located at the interface between the endothelium and bloodstream. Inflammation induces endothelial cell activation and shedding of glycocalyx constituents into the circulation. This review discusses the potential role of soluble glycocalyx components as biomarkers of active LN, especially in patients in whom conventional serological and biochemical markers do not appear helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Yung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tak Mao Chan
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Ishiko S, Ben Rahoma G, Kandhi S, Huang A, Sun D. Liposomal nanocarriers of preassembled glycocalyx expeditiously restore endothelial glycocalyx in endotoxemia. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H645-H655. [PMID: 37505471 PMCID: PMC10643000 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00196.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx (EG) is degraded early during sepsis, and currently available treatments are not effective in promptly restoring it. Here, we created liposomal nanocarriers of preassembled glycocalyx (LNPG) by synthesizing glycosylated syndecan-1 and inserting it into the lipid membrane of unilamellar liposomes. We hypothesized that LNPG would fuse with the endothelial cells where EG is degraded and restore EG in sepsis. We induced endotoxemia in C57BL/6J mice using lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and treated them with LNPG, saline, syndecan-1, or liposomes. LNPG significantly prolonged the survival time of LPS-treated mice compared with the other treatments. Immunostaining of en face mesenteric arteries of LPS-treated mice showed that syndecan-1 was fully restored after LNPG administration. In addition, EG height in microvasculature of mouse cremaster muscle was monitored using sidestream dark field imaging. LNPG restored the perfused boundary region (PBR), which is inversely related to EG dimensions, to the control level after LPS administration. Furthermore, flow-induced dilation in isolated mouse mesenteric arterioles was fully recovered after LNPG treatment in LPS-treated mice. In summary, our findings provide evidence of the therapeutic efficacy of LNPG in the LPS-induced mouse model of sepsis, achieved by expeditiously restoring EG through fusion of LNPG with the endothelial plasma membrane and recovery of endothelial function.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Vascular endothelial cells represent the first line of exposure to bacterial endotoxins. Here, we propose a novel therapeutic strategy using liposomes to deliver preassembled glycocalyx to vascular endothelial cell surface and consequently restore endothelial glycocalyx (EG). We tested liposomal nanocarriers of preassembled glycocalyx (LNPG) in vivo and ex vivo to establish for the first time their expeditious therapeutic efficacy in improving survival of lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-treated mice, as achieved by the restoration of EG and recovery of endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Ishiko
- Department of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Ghada Ben Rahoma
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Sharath Kandhi
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - An Huang
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Dong Sun
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
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35
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van Lanen RHGJ, Haeren RHL, Staals J, Dings JTA, Schijns OEMG, Hoogland G, van Kuijk SMJ, Kapsokalyvas D, van Zandvoort MAMJ, Vink H, Rijkers K. Cerebrovascular glycocalyx damage and microcirculation impairment in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2023; 43:1737-1751. [PMID: 37231664 PMCID: PMC10581235 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231179413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is increasingly associated with blood-brain barrier dysfunction and microvascular alterations, yet the pathophysiological link is missing. An important barrier function is exerted by the glycocalyx, a gel-like layer coating the endothelium. To explore such associations, we used intraoperative videomicroscopy to quantify glycocalyx and microcirculation properties of the neocortex and hippocampus of 15 patients undergoing resective brain surgery as treatment for drug-resistant TLE, and 15 non-epileptic controls. Fluorescent lectin staining of neocortex and hippocampal tissue was used for blood vessel surface area quantification. Neocortical perfused boundary region, the thickness of the glycocalyx' impaired layer, was higher in patients (2.64 ± 0.52 µm) compared to controls (1.31 ± 0.29 µm), P < 0.01, indicative of reduced glycocalyx integrity in patients. Moreover, erythrocyte flow velocity analysis revealed an impaired ability of TLE patients to (de-)recruit capillaries in response to changing metabolic demands (R2 = 0.75, P < 0.01), indicating failure of neurovascular coupling mechanisms. Blood vessel quantification comparison between intraoperative measurements and resected tissue showed strong correlation (R2 = 0.94, P < 0.01). This is the first report on in vivo assessment of glycocalyx and microcirculation properties in TLE patients, confirming the pivotal role of cerebrovascular changes. Further assessment of the cerebral microcirculation in relation to epileptogenesis might open avenues for new therapeutic targets for drug-resistant epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rick HGJ van Lanen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Roel HL Haeren
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Staals
- Department of Neurology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jim TA Dings
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Olaf EMG Schijns
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
| | - Govert Hoogland
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Sander MJ van Kuijk
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Kapsokalyvas
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), University Hospital RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Marc AMJ van Zandvoort
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Department of Genetics & Cell Biology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research IMCAR, Universitätsklinikum, Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Hans Vink
- Department of Physiology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Kim Rijkers
- Department of Neurosurgery, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience (MHeNs), Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- Academic Centre for Epileptology, Maastricht University Medical Centre and Kempenhaeghe, Maastricht/Heeze, The Netherlands
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Abstract
ABSTRACT The endotheliopathy of trauma involves a complex interplay between the glycocalyx, von Willebrand factor, and platelets that leads to abnormalities in coagulation, inflammation, and endothelial cell (EC) function. The current review presents a synopsis of EC function under homeostatic conditions, the structure and function of the endothelial glycocalyx; mechanisms of EC injury and activation after trauma; pathological consequences of the EoT at the cellular level; and clinical implications of the EoT. Recent evidence is presented that links the EoT to extracellular vesicles and hyperadhesive ultralarge von Willebrand factor multimers through their roles in coagulopathy. Lastly, potential therapeutics to mitigate the EoT are discussed. Most research to date has focused on blood products, primarily plasma, and its contribution to restoring postinjury EC dysfunction. Additional therapeutic adjuvants that target the glycocalyx, ultralarge von Willebrand factor, low ADAMTS-13, and pathologic extracellular vesicles are reviewed. Much of the pathobiology of EoT is known, but a better mechanistic understanding can help guide therapeutics to further repair the EoT and improve patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Cardenas
- From the Department of Surgery and Center for Translational Injury Research (J.C.C.), McGovern Medical School, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas; Bloodworks Research Institute and Hematology Division, Department of Medicine (J.F.D.), University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, DC; and Shock Trauma Center (R.A.K.), University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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Zheng X, Machin DR. Patching up a degraded endothelial glycocalyx in sepsis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2023; 325:H673-H674. [PMID: 37594482 PMCID: PMC10659260 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00499.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyu Zheng
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
| | - Daniel R Machin
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States
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38
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Yang C, Tian F, Hu M, Kang C, Ping M, Liu Y, Hu M, Xu H, Yu Y, Gao Z, Li P. Characterization of the role of TMEM175 in an in vitro lysosomal H + fluxes model. FEBS J 2023; 290:4641-4659. [PMID: 37165739 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Lysosome acidification is a dynamic equilibrium of H+ influx and efflux across the membrane, which is crucial for cell physiology. The vacuolar H+ ATPase (V-ATPase) is responsible for the H+ influx or refilling of lysosomes. TMEM175 was identified as a novel H+ permeable channel on lysosomal membranes, and it plays a critical role in lysosome acidification. However, how TMEM175 participates in lysosomal acidification remains unknown. Here, we present evidence that TMEM175 regulates lysosomal H+ influx and efflux in enlarged lysosomes isolated from COS1 treated with vacuolin-1. By utilizing the whole-endolysosome patch-clamp recording technique, a series of integrated lysosomal H+ influx and efflux signals in a ten-of-second time scale under the physiological pH gradient (luminal pH 4.60, and cytosolic pH 7.20) was recorded from this in vitro system. Lysosomal H+ fluxes constitute both the lysosomal H+ refilling and releasing, and they are asymmetrical processes with distinct featured kinetics for each of the H+ fluxes. Lysosomal H+ fluxes are entirely abolished when TMEM175 losses of function in the F39V mutant and is blocked by the antagonist (2-GBI). Meanwhile, lysosomal H+ fluxes are modulated by the pH-buffering capacity of the lumen and the lysosomal glycosylated membrane proteins, lysosome-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1). We propose that the TMEM175-mediated lysosomal H+ fluxes model would provide novel thoughts for studying the pathology of Parkinson's disease and lysosome storage disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanyan Yang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fuyun Tian
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Mei Hu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Pharmacology Laboratory, Zhongshan Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, China
| | - Chunlan Kang
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meixuan Ping
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yiyao Liu
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
| | - Meiqin Hu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Haoxing Xu
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Ye Yu
- Department of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhaobing Gao
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Li
- Zhongshan Institute for Drug Discovery, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wang Y, Li W, Wang Q. Lysosome pH-regulated H + /K + switching channel involved in maintaining lysosomal homeostasis. FEBS J 2023; 290:4638-4640. [PMID: 37434434 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomal pH setpoint and H+ homeostasis is key to the lysosome's functions. The Parkinson's disease-risk protein TMEM175, originally identified as lysosomal K+ channel, works as a H+ -activated H+ channel and discharges the lysosomal H+ store when it is hyper-acidified. Yang et al. indicate that TMEM175 is permeable for both K+ and H+ in the same pore and charges the lysosome with H+ under certain conditions. The charge and discharge functions are under regulation of the lysosomal matrix and glycocalyx layer. Their presented work indicates that TMEM175 performs as a multi-functional channel regulating lysosomal pH in response to physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yizhen Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Qiaochu Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Genetics of Birth Defects, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
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40
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Thaler S, Stöhr D, Kammerer T, Nitschke T, Hoechter DJ, Brandes F, Müller M, Groene P, Schäfer ST. Predictive value of coagulation variables and glycocalyx shedding in hospitalized COVID-19 patients - a prospective observational study. Acta Clin Belg 2023; 78:392-400. [PMID: 37092324 DOI: 10.1080/17843286.2023.2204593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Covid-19 disease causes an immense burden on the healthcare system. It has not yet been finally clarified which patients will suffer from a severe course and which will not. Coagulation disorders can be detected in many of these patients. The aim of the present study was therefore to identify variables of the coagulation system including standard and viscoelastometric tests as well as components of glycocalyx damage that predict admission to the intensive care unit. METHODS Adult patients were included within 24 h of admission. Blood samples were analyzed at hospital admission and at ICU admission if applicable. We analyzed group differences and furthermore performed receiver operator characteristics (ROC). RESULTS This study included 60 adult COVID-19 patients. During their hospital stay, 14 patients required ICU treatment. Comparing ICU and non-ICU patients at time of hospital admission, D-dimer (1450 µg/ml (675/2850) vs. 600 µg/ml (500/900); p = 0.0022; cut-off 1050 µg/ml, sensitivity 71%, specificity 89%) and IL-6 (47.6 pg/ml (24.9/85.4 l) vs. 16.1 pg/ml (5.5/34.4); p = 0.0003; cut-off 21.25 pg/ml, sensitivity 86%, specificity 65%) as well as c-reactive protein (92 mg/dl (66.8/131.5) vs. 43.5 mg/dl (26.8/83.3); p = 0.0029; cutoff 54.5 mg/dl, sensitivity 86%, specificity 65%) were higher in patients who required ICU admission. Thromboelastometric variables and markers of glycocalyx damage (heparan sulfate, hyaluronic acid, syndecan-1) at the time of hospital admission did not differ between groups. CONCLUSION General inflammatory variables continue to be the most robust predictors of a severe course of a COVID-19 infection. Viscoelastometric variables and markers of glycocalyx damage are significantly increased upon admission to the ICU without being predictors of ICU admission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Thaler
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Dana Stöhr
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Kammerer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tobias Nitschke
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Florian Brandes
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Philipp Groene
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon T Schäfer
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, Munich, Germany
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41
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Chen J, Ding C, Cao J, Tong H, Chen Y. Heat stress combined with lipopolysaccharide induces pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell glycocalyx inflammatory damage in vitro. Immun Inflamm Dis 2023; 11:e1034. [PMID: 37904703 PMCID: PMC10552074 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat stroke is a life-threatening disease with high mortality and complications. Endothelial glycocalyx (EGCX) is essential for maintaining endothelial cell structure and function as well as preventing the adhesion of inflammatory cells. Potential relationship that underlies the imbalance in inflammation and coagulation remains elusive. Moreover, the role of EGCX in heat stroke-induced organ injury remained unclear. Therefore, the current study aimed to illustrate if EGCX aggravates apoptosis, inflammation, and oxidative damage in human pulmonary microvascular endothelial cells (HPMEC). Heat stress and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were employed to construct in vitro models to study the changes of glycocalyx structure and function, as well as levels of heparansulfate proteoglycan (HSPG), syndecan-1 (SDC-1), heparansulfate (HS), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, Von Willebrand factor (vWF), endothelin-1 (ET-1), occludin, E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1), and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Here, we showed that heat stress and LPS devastated EGCX structure, activated EGCX degradation, and triggered oxidative damage and apoptosis in HPMEC. Stimulation of heat stress and LPS decreased expression of HSPG, increased levels of SDC-1 and HS in culture supernatant, promoted the production and release of proinflammation cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6,) and coagulative factors (vWF and ET-1) in HPMEC. Furthermore, Expressions of E-selection, VCAM-1, and ROS were upregulated, while that of occludin was downregulated. These changes could be deteriorated by heparanase, whereas they meliorated by unfractionated heparin. This study indicated that EGCX may contribute to apoptosis and heat stroke-induced coagulopathy, and these effects may have been due to the decrease in the shedding of EGCX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiadi Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine First WardThe First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical CollegeShantouGuangdongChina
| | - Chengjia Ding
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of DongguanDongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan UniversityDongguanGuangdongChina
- The Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Critical Illness in Dongguan CityDongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Jingjing Cao
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of DongguanDongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan UniversityDongguanGuangdongChina
- The Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Critical Illness in Dongguan CityDongguanGuangdongChina
| | - Huasheng Tong
- Department of Emergency MedicineGeneral Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLAGuangzhouGuangdongChina
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Binhaiwan Central Hospital of DongguanDongguan Hospital Affiliated to Jinan UniversityDongguanGuangdongChina
- The Key Laboratory for Prevention and Treatment of Critical Illness in Dongguan CityDongguanGuangdongChina
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Thota LNR, Lopez Rosales JE, Placencia I, Zemskov EA, Tonino P, Michael AN, Black SM, Chignalia AZ. The Pulmonary Endothelial Glycocalyx Modifications in Glypican 1 Knockout Mice Do Not Affect Lung Endothelial Function in Physiological Conditions. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14568. [PMID: 37834029 PMCID: PMC10573009 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The endothelial glycocalyx is a dynamic signaling surface layer that is involved in the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The glycocalyx has a very diverse composition, with glycoproteins, proteoglycans, and glycosaminoglycans interacting with each other to form a mesh-like structure. Due to its highly interactive nature, little is known about the relative contribution of each glycocalyx constituent to its overall function. Investigating the individual roles of the glycocalyx components to cellular functions and system physiology is challenging, as the genetic manipulation of animals that target specific glycocalyx components may result in the development of a modified glycocalyx. Thus, it is crucial that genetically modified animal models for glycocalyx components are characterized and validated before the development of mechanistic studies. Among the glycocalyx components, glypican 1, which acts through eNOS-dependent mechanisms, has recently emerged as a player in cardiovascular diseases. Whether glypican 1 regulates eNOS in physiological conditions is unclear. Herein, we assessed how the deletion of glypican 1 affects the development of the pulmonary endothelial glycocalyx and the impact on eNOS activity and endothelial function. Male and female 5-9-week-old wild-type and glypican 1 knockout mice were used. Transmission electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and immunoblotting assessed the glycocalyx structure and composition. eNOS activation and content were assessed by immunoblotting; nitric oxide production was assessed by the Griess reaction. The pulmonary phenotype was evaluated by histological signs of lung injury, in vivo measurement of lung mechanics, and pulmonary ventilation. Glypican 1 knockout mice showed a modified glycocalyx with increased glycocalyx thickness and heparan sulfate content and decreased expression of syndecan 4. These alterations were associated with decreased phosphorylation of eNOS at S1177. The production of nitric oxides was not affected by the deletion of glypican 1, and the endothelial barrier was preserved in glypican 1 knockout mice. Pulmonary compliance was decreased, and pulmonary ventilation was unaltered in glypican 1 knockout mice. Collectively, these data indicate that the deletion of glypican 1 may result in the modification of the glycocalyx without affecting basal lung endothelial function, validating this mouse model as a tool for mechanistic studies that investigate the role of glypican 1 in lung endothelial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lakshmi N. R. Thota
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA (J.E.L.R.)
| | - Joaquin E. Lopez Rosales
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA (J.E.L.R.)
| | - Ivan Placencia
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA (J.E.L.R.)
| | - Evgeny A. Zemskov
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Paola Tonino
- Research, Innovation & Impact Cores Facilities, Imaging Cores-Electron, Life Sciences North, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA;
| | - Ashley N. Michael
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
| | - Stephen M. Black
- Center for Translational Science, Florida International University, Port St. Lucie, FL 34987, USA
- Department of Cellular Biology & Pharmacology, Howard Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33174, USA
| | - Andreia Z. Chignalia
- Department of Anesthesiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA (J.E.L.R.)
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine-Tucson, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Sarver Heart Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
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Martínez-Carrasco R, Argüeso P. Characterization of Cell Surface Glycan Profiles in Human and Mouse Corneas Using Lectin Microarrays. Cells 2023; 12:2356. [PMID: 37830569 PMCID: PMC10572028 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of high-throughput sequencing technologies has facilitated the profiling of glycosylation genes at a single-cell level in complex biological systems, but the significance of these gene signatures to the composition of the glycocalyx remains ambiguous. Here, we used lectin microarrays to characterize the composition of cell surface glycans in human and mouse corneas and determine its relationship to single-cell transcriptomic data. Our results identify a series of cell surface glycan signatures that are unique to the different cell types of the human cornea and that correlate, to a certain extent, with the transcriptional expression of glycosylation genes. These include pathways involved in the biosynthesis of O-glycans in epithelial cells and core fucose on stromal and endothelial cell surfaces. Moreover, we show that human and mouse corneas display some structural differences in terms of cell surface glycan composition. These results could provide insights into the specialized function of individual cell types in the cornea and foster the identification of novel cornea-specific biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pablo Argüeso
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, 150 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02114, USA
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Milusev A, Ren J, Despont A, Shaw J, Längin M, Bender M, Abicht JM, Mokelke M, Radan J, Neumann E, Kemter E, Klymiuk N, Ayares D, Wolf E, Reichart B, Sorvillo N, Rieben R. Glycocalyx dynamics and the inflammatory response of genetically modified porcine endothelial cells. Xenotransplantation 2023; 30:e12820. [PMID: 37735958 DOI: 10.1111/xen.12820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Xenotransplantation is a promising approach to reduce organ shortage, while genetic modification of donor pigs has significantly decreased the immunogenic burden of xenotransplants, organ rejection is still a hurdle. Genetically modified pig organs are used in xenotransplantation research, and the first clinical pig-to-human heart transplantation was performed in 2022. However, the impact of genetic modification has not been investigated on a cellular level yet. Endothelial cells (EC) and their sugar-rich surface known as the glycocalyx are the first barrier encountering the recipient's immune system, making them a target for rejection. We have previously shown that wild type venous but not arterial EC were protected against heparan sulfate (HS) shedding after activation with human serum or human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF𝛼). Using a 2D microfluidic system we investigated the glycocalyx dynamics of genetically modified porcine arterial and venous EC (Gal𝛼1,3 Gal knock-out, transgenic for human CD46 and thrombomodulin, GTKO/hCD46/hTM) after activation with human serum or human TNF𝛼. Interestingly, we observed that GTKO/hCD46/hTM arterial cells, additionally to venous cells, do not shed HS. Unscathed HS on GTKO/hCD46/hTM EC correlated with reduced complement deposition, suggesting that protection against complement activation contributes to maintaining an intact glycocalyx layer on arterial EC. This protection was lost on GTKO/hCD46/hTM cells after simultaneous perfusion with human serum and human TNF𝛼. HS shedding on arterial cells and increased complement deposition on both arterial and venous cells was observed. These findings suggest that GTKO/hCD46/hTM EC revert to a proinflammatory phenotype in an inflammatory xenotransplantation setting, potentially favoring transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Milusev
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jianfang Ren
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences (GCB), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alain Despont
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Jane Shaw
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Längin
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Bender
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jan-Michael Abicht
- Department of Anaesthesiology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maren Mokelke
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Julia Radan
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Neumann
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Kemter
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Nikolai Klymiuk
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
- I. Department of Medicine, MRI,Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Eckhard Wolf
- Chair for Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Gene Center and Department of Veterinary Sciences, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Center for Innovative Medical Models (CiMM), LMU Munich, Oberschleissheim, Germany
| | - Bruno Reichart
- Walter Brendel Centre of Experimental Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Nicoletta Sorvillo
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robert Rieben
- Department for BioMedical Research (DBMR), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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Jünger F, Rohrbach A. Making Hidden Cell Particle Interactions Visible by Thermal Noise Frequency Decomposition. Small 2023; 19:e2207032. [PMID: 37337392 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202207032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Thermal noise drives cellular structures, bacteria, and viruses on different temporal and spatial scales. Their weak interactions with their environment can change on subsecond scales. However, particle interactions can be hidden or invisible-even when measured with thermal noise sensitivity, leading to misconceptions about their binding behavior. Here, it is demonstrated how invisible particle interactions at the cell periphery become visible by MHz interferometric thermal noise tracking and frequency decomposition at a spectral update rate of only 0.5 s. The particle fluctuations are analyzed in radial and lateral directions by a viscoelastic modulus G(ω,tex ) over the experiment time tex , revealing a surprisingly similar, frequency dependent response for different cell types. This response behavior can be explained by a mathematical model for molecular scale elasticity and damping. The method to reveal hidden interactions is tested at two examples: the stiffening of macrophage filopodia tips within 2 s with particle contact invisible by the fluctuation width. Second, the extent and stiffness of the soft cell glycocalyx is measured, which can be sensed by a particle only on microsecond-timescales, but which remains invisible on time-average. This concept study shows how to uncover hidden cellular interactions, if particle motions are measured at high-speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Jünger
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Rohrbach
- Laboratory for Bio- and Nano-Photonics, Department of Microsystems Engineering (IMTEK), University of Freiburg, Georges-Koehler-Allee 102, 79110, Freiburg, Germany
- CIBSS - Centre for Integrative Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestr. 18, 79104, Freiburg, Germany
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46
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Simon Y, Jacques D, Bkaily G. High salt-induced morphological and glycocalyx remodeling of human vascular smooth muscle cells is reversible but induces a high sodium salt-like sensitive memory. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2023; 101:437-446. [PMID: 37290125 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2023-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our recent work showed that short-term treatment (1-2 days) with high sodium salt had no effect on the morphology of human vascular smooth muscle cells (hVSMCs). However, chronic (long-term treatment, 6-16 days) high sodium salt (CHSS) induced hypertrophy and decreased the relative density of the glycocalyx in hVSMCs. Whether this CHSS effect is reversible at both the morphological and the intracellular calcium and sodium levels is unknown. In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that the effect of CHSS on the morphological and functional levels of hVSMCs is reversible. However, it induced an irreversible increase in the sensitivity of the cells following short-term treatment with high extracellular Na+. We tested the effects of the removal of CHSS treatment on the morphology and intracellular sodium and calcium of hVSMCs. Our results showed that restoring average sodium concentration (145 mM) modeled back the relative density of the glycocalyx, the intracellular resting calcium and sodium levels, and the whole cell and nuclear volumes of hVSMCs. In addition, it induced a permanent remodeling of hVSMCs' response to a short-term increase in the extracellular level of sodium salt by developing spontaneous cytosolic and nuclear calcium waves. Our results showed that CHSS is reversible at both the morphological and basal intracellular ionic levels. However, it maintained a high sensitivity to short-term elevation of extracellular sodium. These results suggest that even if chronic high salt is corrected, it induces a high sodium salt-like sensitive memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanick Simon
- Department of immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Danielle Jacques
- Department of immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ghassan Bkaily
- Department of immunology and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
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47
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Delaveris CS, Wang CL, Riley NM, Li S, Kulkarni RU, Bertozzi CR. Microglia mediate contact-independent neuronal pruning via secreted Neuraminidase-3 associated with extracellular vesicles. bioRxiv 2023:2023.08.21.554214. [PMID: 37662421 PMCID: PMC10473657 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.21.554214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Neurons communicate with each other through electrochemical transmission at synapses. Microglia, the resident immune cells of the central nervous system, can prune these synapses through a variety of contact-dependent and -independent means. Microglial secretion of active sialidase enzymes upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli is one unexplored mechanism of pruning. Recent work from our lab showed that treatment of neurons with bacterial sialidases disrupts neuronal network connectivity. Here, we find that activated microglia secrete Neuraminidase-3 (Neu3) associated with fusogenic extracellular vesicles. Furthermore, we show Neu3 mediates contact-independent pruning of neurons and subsequent disruption of neuronal networks through neuronal glycocalyx remodeling. We observe that NEU3 is transcriptionally upregulated upon exposure to inflammatory stimuli, and that a genetic knock-out of NEU3 abrogates the sialidase activity of inflammatory microglial secretions. Moreover, we demonstrate that Neu3 is associated with a subpopulation of extracellular vesicles, possibly exosomes, that are secreted by microglia upon inflammatory insult. Finally, we demonstrate that Neu3 is both necessary and sufficient to both desialylate neurons and decrease neuronal network connectivity. These results implicate Neu3 in remodeling of the glycocalyx leading to aberrant network-level activity of neurons, with implications in neuroinflammatory diseases such as Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corleone S. Delaveris
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine L. Wang
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Nicholas M. Riley
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Sherry Li
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Rishikesh U. Kulkarni
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Carolyn R. Bertozzi
- Stanford University, Department of Chemistry and Sarafan ChEM-H, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
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48
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Poledniczek M, Neumayer C, Kopp CW, Schlager O, Gremmel T, Jozkowicz A, Gschwandtner ME, Koppensteiner R, Wadowski PP. Micro- and Macrovascular Effects of Inflammation in Peripheral Artery Disease-Pathophysiology and Translational Therapeutic Approaches. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2284. [PMID: 37626780 PMCID: PMC10452462 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammation has a critical role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. On the molecular level, inflammatory pathways negatively impact endothelial barrier properties and thus, tissue homeostasis. Conformational changes and destruction of the glycocalyx further promote pro-inflammatory pathways also contributing to pro-coagulability and a prothrombotic state. In addition, changes in the extracellular matrix composition lead to (peri-)vascular remodelling and alterations of the vessel wall, e.g., aneurysm formation. Moreover, progressive fibrosis leads to reduced tissue perfusion due to loss of functional capillaries. The present review aims at discussing the molecular and clinical effects of inflammatory processes on the micro- and macrovasculature with a focus on peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Poledniczek
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Neumayer
- Division of Vascular Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Christoph W. Kopp
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Oliver Schlager
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Thomas Gremmel
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Landesklinikum Mistelbach-Gänserndorf, 2130 Mistelbach, Austria;
- Institute of Cardiovascular Pharmacotherapy and Interventional Cardiology, Karl Landsteiner Society, 3100 St. Pölten, Austria
| | - Alicja Jozkowicz
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Biophysics, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Michael E. Gschwandtner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Renate Koppensteiner
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
| | - Patricia P. Wadowski
- Division of Angiology, Department of Internal Medicine II, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria; (M.P.); (C.W.K.); (O.S.); (M.E.G.); (R.K.)
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49
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Wang LJ, Feng F, Li JC, Chen TT, Liu LP. Role of heparanase in pulmonary hypertension. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1202676. [PMID: 37637421 PMCID: PMC10450954 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1202676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a pathophysiological condition of increased pulmonary circulation vascular resistance due to various reasons, which mainly leads to right heart dysfunction and even death, especially in critically ill patients. Although drug interventions have shown some efficacy in improving the hemodynamics of PH patients, the mortality rate remains high. Hence, the identification of new targets and treatment strategies for PH is imperative. Heparanase (HPA) is an enzyme that specifically cleaves the heparan sulfate (HS) side chains in the extracellular matrix, playing critical roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis. Recent studies have indicated a close association between HPA and PH, suggesting HPA as a potential therapeutic target. This review examines the involvement of HPA in PH pathogenesis, including its effects on endothelial cells, inflammation, and coagulation. Furthermore, HPA may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PH, and the development of HPA inhibitors holds promise as a targeted therapy for PH treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Jun Wang
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Fei Feng
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jian-Chun Li
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ting-Ting Chen
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li-Ping Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Departments of Emergency Critical Care Medicine, The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
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50
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Bucki R, Iwamoto DV, Shi X, Kerr KE, Byfield FJ, Suprewicz Ł, Skłodowski K, Sutaria J, Misiak P, Wilczewska AZ, Ramachandran S, Wolfe A, Thanh MTH, Whalen E, Patteson AE, Janmey PA. Extracellular vimentin is sufficient to promote cell attachment, spreading, and motility by a mechanism involving N-acetyl glucosamine-containing structures. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104963. [PMID: 37356720 PMCID: PMC10392088 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Vimentin intermediate filaments form part of the cytoskeleton of mesenchymal cells, but under pathological conditions often associated with inflammation, vimentin filaments depolymerize as the result of phosphorylation or citrullination, and vimentin oligomers are secreted or released into the extracellular environment. In the extracellular space, vimentin can bind surfaces of cells and the extracellular matrix, and the interaction between extracellular vimentin and cells can trigger changes in cellular functions, such as activation of fibroblasts to a fibrotic phenotype. The mechanism by which extracellular vimentin binds external cell membranes and whether vimentin alone can act as an adhesive anchor for cells is largely uncharacterized. Here, we show that various cell types (normal and vimentin null fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, and A549 lung carcinoma cells) attach to and spread on polyacrylamide hydrogel substrates covalently linked to vimentin. Using traction force microscopy and spheroid expansion assays, we characterize how different cell types respond to extracellular vimentin. Cell attachment to and spreading on vimentin-coated surfaces is inhibited by hyaluronic acid degrading enzymes, hyaluronic acid synthase inhibitors, soluble heparin or N-acetyl glucosamine, all of which are treatments that have little or no effect on the same cell types binding to collagen-coated hydrogels. These studies highlight the effectiveness of substrate-bound vimentin as a ligand for cells and suggest that carbohydrate structures, including the glycocalyx and glycosylated cell surface proteins that contain N-acetyl glucosamine, form a novel class of adhesion receptors for extracellular vimentin that can either directly support cell adhesion to a substrate or fine-tune the glycocalyx adhesive properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Bucki
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland.
| | - Daniel V Iwamoto
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Xuechen Shi
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Katherine E Kerr
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Fitzroy J Byfield
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Łukasz Suprewicz
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Karol Skłodowski
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Nanobiomedical Engineering, Medical University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | - Julian Sutaria
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Paweł Misiak
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Białystok, Białystok, Poland
| | | | | | - Aaron Wolfe
- Ichor Life Sciences, Inc, LaFayette, New York, USA; Lewis School of Health Sciences, Clarkson University, Potsdam, New York, USA
| | - Minh-Tri Ho Thanh
- Physics Department, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Eli Whalen
- Physics Department, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Alison E Patteson
- Physics Department, BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, USA.
| | - Paul A Janmey
- Department of Physiology, Institute for Medicine and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
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